Introduce the last speaker on this panel, my colleague, Dr. Renslow Scherer. Renslow Scherer is Professor of Medicine and Specialist in Infectious Diseases at the University of Chicago. He's also Co-Chair of the Faculty Board of the Posen Center for Human Rights. Dr. Scherer's research focuses on HIV, AIDS prevention and health education programs for orphans and families with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa and across the world. Dr. Scherer has also directed a program to improve medical school and graduate medical education at Wuhan University in China. Today, Dr. Scherer will give a talk entitled, Progress with Reducing Disparities in Global HIV Prevention and Treatment. Please join me in giving a warm welcome to Dr. Scherer. Thank you so much for that generous introduction and I'm really honored to be with this panel and to proceed. My friend and a person I think of as a mentor, Paul Farmer. Looks like we're running out of power. That would be bad. But not me, personally. So, or not yet. I want to talk about actually a theme through this very diverse panel. We've had philosophy in Plato's Republic, we've been in Boston and in Haiti and in India, and talk about the concepts of vulnerability in HIV and then give some specific examples as best I can. Really, I think this is the foundation for this presentation but also for so much of the work that I've been involved with through my career in HIV where I really think understanding the relationship between human rights health and HIV specifically gives you an extraordinarily improved understanding of pathogenesis of the disease but also it's transmission, it's the behavior of the epidemic in the past and currently and maybe more importantly how to succeed with programs to reach people for effective prevention and care and they're really two different types of activities. They're either allowing and enabling the distribution of the scientific benefits that are so remarkable in HIV, so simple access to testing to prevention modalities like the new PrEP pre-exposure prophylaxis or antiretroviral therapy and treatment support or removal, withdrawal, reduction of obstacles to those human rights around the world, that is freedom from stigma and discrimination and other human rights violations. I think our mentor in all of this work is Jonathan Mann and it's not an accident that he began this connection with human rights and health through the lens of HIV during his work throughout the course of his career I want to just take a moment to say just as we heard about from Plato's Republic and I think inherent in the comments both in India and in Haiti that the definition of health we all believe in is not limited to medical care and the treatment of conditions but rather involves societal peace. Adequate shelter and housing, Evan Lyon talked about housing here in Chicago, food, a stable ecosystem, social justice and equity that we're really talking about a very large and broad definition of health and to understand that allows I think for much more credibility in designing HIV prevention and treatment programs and John Mann himself was the one who said that HIV illustrates that individual and population vulnerability to disease, disability and premature death are linked to the status of respect to human rights and I would also include in that just thinking of this Paul Farmer's own characterization of structural violence as being those laws and regulations that in and of themselves present barriers to adequate public health and individual health care and we're fortunate I think worldwide to have at least an agreement on a set of metrics around the sustainable development goals that actually allow for much of this to be recorded, documented and followed in real time like maternal, child health, HIV outcomes, enrollment and antiretroviral therapy, tuberculosis outcomes so ways in which we actually have the development of metrics in public health goals but also in human rights interventions and outcomes. So I'll try to talk about some of the progress and disparities and focus specifically on men who have sex with men and calling them gay men as well but understanding that among those men who have sex with men are some men who consider themselves to be straight heterosexual men but occasionally they have sex with men and that means that we're considering behavior as the critical vehicle not who a person is of their identity but the behavior that can lead to transmissions. The importance I think of recognizing the intersection of those issues is really critical. Is it a battery thing? So think about what's been accomplished in the science of HIV. How extraordinary it is, the time during my career when I was a second year attending at Cook County Hospital was the first patient with HIV in 1982. We've seen the death rate in the United States go up to the top number one cause of death for adults and now is back down to a substantially negligible rate all during our lifetime. I had this graphic up just to remind us that some of the power of the public health interventions have been because of the use of media and images and this very powerful silence equals death and the use of the pink triangle early on in our country captured the imagination of in the first instance the gay community and mobilized them to understand that to not speak up about the problems in access to treatment and prevention was going to lead to death for so many of its members as indeed it did. So I think that's still a powerful way for us to develop some of the themes for health and human rights into this day, the power of the arts and media. So thinking about our progress, there's been an extraordinary decline in the incidence of HIV and mortality that began for the declining incidence 20 years ago and mortality 10 years ago though it's best to understand that HIV is many epidemics within a larger epidemic and even when you get one country reporting very beneficial statistics there are often issues of uncontrolled sub-epidemics within it. The treatment advances in this area are extraordinary and most parts of the world, one pill once a day or twice a day is associated with full virus load suppression and normal life expectancy if treatment is given early enough with good adherence. We have 17 million people treated worldwide, 80% of them are in resource limited settings and yet some of the disparities I'll talk about are in access to those therapies and in our own country the HIV care cascade shows that even though we have the availability of those therapies only 50% or fewer of people are able to access them and have successful antiretroviral therapy and the same is true with all of the advances in HIV prevention modalities such as pre-exposure prophylaxis where there's tremendous disparities in the new rollout of that intervention just to say that's one pill once a day offering people at substantial risk the ability to reduce their risk by better than 90% just by taking one pill once a day. These are the epidemic curves that show on the top the very large increase in the number of people living with HIV but you see gradual decline in the incidence rate overall starting 20 years ago still with much room for improvement and the death rate also beginning to decline about 10 years ago. Oftentimes we don't get a visual and people who don't get a chance to see this may never have seen the extraordinary evolution of the impact of therapy this three and a half year old Thai child this girl showed when before she was treated she had wasting she had thinning here she had a chronic bacterial infection on her lip she had chronic diarrhea she fit the criterion for AIDS wasting disease at the time and just two months after the start of antiretroviral therapy she looks like a changed person and you can see that 18 months later she's made all of her growth milestones and looks wholly different and I'm happy to say last year at the international AIDS meeting this young woman now 25 year old was at the meeting with the individual who presented this case showing what lifelong antiretroviral therapy can do in any part of the world. So I thought I'd try to mention some examples in the regions that you see here in the United States and in China in Eastern and Western Europe and then in Africa and there are so many different vulnerable groups I will just talk a little bit about injection drug users and gay men and then women and mention others as they come up in context. I like this graphic that just shows the key populations on the left of transgender men and women particularly women who are so much more vulnerable and I won't talk about them more except to say as you see in this slide there are organizations of transgender individuals they are actually mobilizing on their own and this is a very important priority I think for advancement of human rights and HIV care and prevention people speaking for themselves and the first principle as a corollary is the importance of engaging and as Evan Lyon said listening to the group that you're trying to reach and talk to what are their needs and how do they understand their issues for transgender women it's quite important for a clinician to know that if you are able to provide their hormonal therapy at the same time you treat their antiretroviral therapy the likelihood of success goes up 30-fold as compared to sending them across town to an endocrinologist or to a specialist for their hormonal therapy. Now that's I think common sensical but it certainly means puts the onus on an HIV clinician to respond to that need. So thinking about people who inject drugs just to go back to this epidemic curve you can see that some of the annual death rates had already changed as early as the mid-1990s but you can see here that in Central Asia and in Eastern Europe continuing rise and if I update that with the most recent information from the European Union you can see a huge difference between the incidents which continues to rise in the non-EU countries as compared to the EU countries. I would say both of these represent important issues because the fact that this line has been steady for the European Union countries also represents a problem. We now have the ability to bend the epidemic curve down but the problem in the Eastern European non-EU countries has largely been an uncontrolled epidemic of injection drug use. And so the kinds of responses that we know are associated with improvements in reducing new infections as well as delivering care are based on harm reduction, the offering of medical care, the use of a medical model for their addiction, access to treatment and therapy and then at the policy level decriminalization of HIV. And this applies also in prisons with the additional element of the need to allow prisoners to receive the very same care and treatment and prevention modalities that are used outside of the prison setting. So let me give you an example of maybe the best, the clearest example of early on in Spain the Spanish authorities decided really in a lot of controversy to provide needle exchange condoms and methadone maintenance to all inmates who were injection drug users. This was very early in the epidemic and this was at a time when they were taking those same steps in the communities in Spain with a successful reduction in overall incidents and you can see here the prevalence of HIV in Spanish prisons fell from 32% down to 7% by the year 2009. Just with the implementation of the strategy of doing the same thing for prisoners that was being done in the community and at the same time you can see an enormous increase in methadone maintenance and the provision of methadone therapy and in the provision of clean syringes in the prison setting. So I think that's a terrific example where Spanish authorities in fact said we will have the same public health intervention that's effective for prisoners in prison as elsewhere. And I'm happy to say this is again just new data from the Spanish government about their progress with hepatitis C which as you know overlaps with those individuals who inject drugs and have HIV. There's a high level of co-infection in Spain. They have now achieved HCV therapy in 75% of all people known to have HIV-HEP-CV co-infection in Spain and are on their way towards eradicating the hepatitis C epidemic because in that case therapy is curative. So I credit the Spanish government with being progressive and using the same treatment for both prisoners and for those injection drug users in the community with tremendous amounts of success. So what about the Ukraine? What can be done in this country actually that does not have that type of a progressive approach where actually prisons are known to be accelerators of tuberculosis, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections? Well in this case this was a community based effort that I'm showing you that was done by an NGO in three cities in Ukraine where they went on the street to talk with the police who were actively finding anyone with needles, syringes or the works the means to cook their drugs and beating them up as a matter of routine before incarcerating them. And this NGO engaged the police and asked them to appreciate, understand what they were doing in terms of the potential for increased transmission of HIV and just with that very low tech intervention, that human rights intervention, they were able to show a decrease in the likelihood of HIV transmission from anywhere to four to nineteen percent in that community. So there are steps that can be taken that are informed by human rights even in the absence of the best therapy. The last example for injection drug users is the extraordinary progress in China where you can see here that the epidemic curves for HIV among MSM are rising rapidly. That's the light blue line, but the injection drug use line is falling steadily because of the massive investment that they made in China in harm reduction for their detainees who are detained for injection drug use. And what they did was to offer needle exchange and or methadone maintenance. It's now the largest program in the world with many, many millions, some thirty-five million people enrolled in these settings and they were able to show dramatic reduction in injection drug use and substantial improvements in employment and in family relations. Now their injection drug use is criminalized and I would say that another step that should be taken is to move towards decriminalization but at least they have taken advantage of the incarceration of those individuals and implemented I think very effective public health interventions on their behalf. So the summary for that portion is that harm reduction effective care decriminalization and access to proven prevention interventions and treatment is highly successful and that's for injection drug users and for prisoners. I think one way to add to that is just the problem with addiction really is still vexing in those countries. It's not that we have taken this and eliminated it but at least they've put it into a manageable context in Scandinavia and in western Europe. I add that because injection drug use is still a source of volatile eruptions of HIV worldwide and that's been true in our country and calls to mind our opioid epidemic at the present time, which for the first time in recorded history has led to an increase in the death rate in the United States. This is a report from rural Indiana, I'm sure many of you are familiar with this, where the use of prescription medications oxymorphone crushed and injected with multiple injections with the average in people who are reported here of nine syringe sharing partners per day and this was in a largely Caucasian poor rural area of southern Indiana and the co-infection rate with hepatitis is 80%. This is an unexpected epidemic that required special legislation by the state legislature in Indiana led by or overseen by our current vice president to actually change the law to allow for needle exchange and methadone maintenance basically for harm reduction in this population. So it's a good example of how volatile still HIV can be in the United States. Another great example is with current workers who are working in the mines in the fracking industry in North Dakota who have lots of free time, lots of money, they're unaccompanied men and there's a great deal of sex work in that area and they're dealing with an HIV outbreak in that part of the world as well.  And you can see here organizations certainly historically this was the group that led the response to HIV in the early 1980s in our country and I think sex workers are an important subgroup of this both male and female and it's just important to say that as it was true with transgender women sex workers are organized, are speaking themselves and the one thing they ask for is to be allowed to do their work unencumbered and to be have their health and safety effectively protected by society and by local law and regulation. First problem I think again as is true with injection drug use is homosexual activity is criminalized in 73 countries of the world as you see here and I'm proud to say this is a pep far slide international work that I'll show you actually comes from our own government that is paying for more than half of all of the antiretroviral therapy worldwide, your tax dollars which I think is a fantastic use for our global health diplomacy funding. This clearly is presents an enormous disadvantage and if you think about the consequences of the criminalization it's simply chilling an individual's ability to seek health care, get an antiretroviral therapy to do anything formally with health systems that are run by central governments in which the activity is criminalized. Just to return to the United States if you want to see the disproportion of HIV among MSM in our country you can see that it's highly prevalent among those new infections in people of color who are men who have sex with men disproportionately and down and you can see that still that accounts for 63% that is among men who have sex with men of new infections in the United States and we know that 90% of these new infections comes from one of two sources either a third from people who are not aware that they're HIV positive that means part of any effective national response has to be to accelerate HIV counseling and testing and some of the other sources come from those who are known to have HIV but have fallen out of care who are no longer engaged in our care and I think that's another enormous issue for us to take care of in our thinking about providing effective prevention. This is a view of all HIV in the country by the county map and you can see the extraordinary disproportion in the American south which is very significant and this continuum of care looking at all people in 2009 on the left the 1.1 million people who's been tested, who's ever been seen by a doctor who's retained in care and then on to who's got effective therapy and full virus load control and at the time of this graphic it was only about 30% and more recently this is from 2014 only about half of the people with HIV are known to be on care. The disparity issue is really seen very well in this graphic so you're less likely to be controlled if you're a woman as compared to a man. If you're African American or Hispanic as compared to white, if you're an injection drug user as compared to an MSM or if you're a younger American as compared to older Americans and there are barriers to care for each one of those barriers to understanding what those barriers are and trying to break them down. So it's too big a topic to try to address it once. I think just to think about the south out of Audemura from UNC has spent a lot of time talking about this. What are the challenges to prevention and care in the southern United States that might aggravate the disparities that we've seen in incidents and there's been a lot of discussion about the population that's rural and it's both an urban and rural disease in the United States in the south. We have a poor health infrastructure. Those are largely red states that have not medicaid expanded where there are fewer social supports. There's an inherent distrust of the health care system in the south out of Audemura. There's a lack of adequate federal funding and weaker education system and also policies that are often explicitly anti-immigrant that may also chill an individual's ability to seek health care. I was part of some work at county hospital that showed if we're able to address some of those health disparities for example we find someone who needs bus fare or emergency services. We're also able to improve retention in clinic by 20%. This is now data from a long time ago but that has been held true and this is the kind of service that's funded through the Ryan White Care Act. Other services that were increasingly funding through the care act include prevention and I like this slide talking about combination prevention from Tom coats because it includes prevention and prevention that are still valuable in the use of condoms, circumcision and the use of treatment as prevention which I'll talk about but it includes social justice and human rights on the slide understanding that making accessible testing access to prep and to other prevention modalities and access to treatment is an inherent part of that problem. This is an era where we're talking about prevention and prevention. As you may have seen that the CDC just endorsed that last month undetectable virus load for someone on therapy means they're not able to transmit the virus they are untransmittable. We also know that for those people who are HIV negative treatment works is prevention by pre-exposure prophylaxis. We can reduce the risk of someone acquiring the vaccine. We took this on by doing a large media campaign, the prep for love campaign, you can Google that and see a very large effort targeting black women, targeting young people and members of the gay community, particularly gay men of color with images, with CTA messages, these are some of the things that were posters that were put up on the screen. The idea here is to promote sexual health on the terms of the individuals that we're dealing with, on their priorities, and to take the stigma out of it to encourage healthy sexuality and to let it be understood that either treatment is prevention or pre-exposure prophylaxis allows for that to happen in a safe and protected way. And to offer individuals both HIV and at risk, ongoing engagement in care, STI testing, and treatment if and when HIV occurs. So there's a lot of remedies that have been proposed for the American South, certainly I would argue that we need good medical program nationally and that either stability of the Affordable Care Act or something else is a critical component to that. And I think that what is funded now should continue to be funded and including expanding HIV testing and access to PrEP and expanding treatment as prevention for those who are known to be HIV positive and engaging those individuals in care is an extraordinary priority. I think we've actually seen a lot of progress in this country in many municipal areas. We've seen a lot of progress. We've seen a lot of progress in Denver, Atlanta, places where there's repositories of enlightened proactivity in healthcare for MSM and for those at risk. Those are great examples of model programs where we are seeing more people identified and on treatment and we're seeing rates of infection actually decline for the first time. We've seen a lot of people enable all the others in this country in rural areas in the south. Those folks of color here on the south side of Chicago who to date have not been able to access those therapies reliably or consistently. That's clearly and I would add to that that the opioid epidemic is a tremendous threat to all of us to the world. In resource limited settings in Kenya all of the problems that I've described are present but they're only worse. The HIV prevalence is 40% among gay men in Kenya and 28% among female sex workers and they have criminalization of homosexual activity as an additional barrier. This is what happens when a country in this case Nigeria faces a lot of restrictions on MSM activity. You can see that in purple in every case there's an increase in MSM reporting they fear seeking health care that there's no safe places to go for these individuals that they avoid seeking health care even if they're sick or they've been verbally harassed or blackmailed all because they themselves are MSM. I think that's the definition of an effective HIV response. I think we may lose sight of the fact that so much progress has been made in the last five years in our country including the breakthroughs around gay marriage that really are extraordinarily beneficial in terms of our efforts to control and limit HIV and reduce the spread. The kinds of things that have been seen in this section have been decriminalization, stigma reduction, certainly mentorship for younger people and empowerment. So I've got to finish. I know how much I've seen in the last couple of years. I've seen that in the last couple of years. I've seen that in the last couple of years. How much time do I have? One minute. Yeah. It's too big a topic and I want to apologize to the women and children for not covering this. I think you can get the sense that we've had just tremendous breakthrough in overall in the response to HIV and that the real point of is going all the way back to the slide of making the connection between health and human rights and the response that every program I've been involved in has been improved by making that link, understanding it and using it in the design and implementation of prevention and care programs. Again, I'm honored to have been invited to talk to you all. Thank you very much.


What's up everybody, JC for JaspysCaseRakes.com. We are doing a high roller mystery crate on the YouTube side. I usually do a ton of these on Instagram Tuesday through Thursdays, but we are switching over here to the YouTube side. So same concept, same thing, monster hits hiding in these crates. But again, the only difference is instead of a hit draft, it is a random hit. So first what we'll do is we'll showcase the nine hits that are in here. Make it potentially be boxes, packs, cases, break credit, graded cards, autographs and more. And then what we'll do is we'll randomize the customer names, which is Donnie down to Michael. So Robert, PJ and Michael got those spots for a fraction of the price, an optic filler number 14, 15, 16. Then what I'll do is I'll type in the list of nine hits, then we'll randomize the customer names and the hits and whatever you match up with is what you get. So why not let's start this crate? I know it's kind of hard for you guys to see it on this angle right here, but there's a crate right there. It has some locks. So that way it's indestructible. The only way to get into this crate is with these keys. Tell Sean, one time you didn't have these keys, you could not open this, you could not open this. You had to find the keys, they're indestructible. So there you go. That's funny. All right. And I think I told you guys earlier there were no boxes, packs, break credit. These are all hits. All right guys, good luck. So this is one of the preview hits earlier guys that we showed you guys. I think it's like a $4,000, $4,500 card, but it is a Kobe Bryant in the zone on-card autograph from Spectra. There's a little like surface scratch on top of the magnetic, but you can easily clean that off. But the card is just fine. On-card, beautiful Kobe, on-card autograph, 25 out of 25 from 2017-18 Spectra. That is the first hit, the first preview hit that's in here. So I'm just going to get this on-card Kobe. Next one. How about a satchel page? That is a cut autograph from SP Legendary Cut, 5 out of 15 it looks like. Satchel page. From 2017, SP Legendary Cut's baseball. Satchel page. That's pretty awesome. Next one we got is a one of one it looks like, Select Black Finite, Therian Henry, or Therry Henry, sorry. One of one for Team France and 2020 Select UEFA Soccer. One of one. That is a sick hit right there. Therry Henry. One of one. Sockermarket is wild guys. Last roll card and the rest of them are great guys. How about a triple autograph numbered 3 out of 5 of Mike Trout, Bryce Harper and Chris Bryant. Kind of hard to see it but right there it's 3 out of 5 and that is from Museum Collection Baseball 2017. Trout, Harper and Chris Bryant. Another preview hit that I showed you, I only showed you two guys, was a 2018 Topps Transcendent Platinum one of one of Ichiro and it graded a 9-5-10 Transcendent Baseball Ichiro one of one. That is a monster too. That is a beauty. One of one. Next one. 2018 Prism PSA 10 rookie autograph Michael Porter Jr. Oh you got that Chris Bryant game used by Atnop George, that's awesome man. MPJ as Denver ends up winning the game today and even the series. MPJ rookie signatures PSA 10. How about a Logo Man, 2009-2010 National Treasures, Century Materials, NBA Tags, Andre Igualdala, everything was a 9-5 but the centering was a 9. Little Logo Man and Autograph, one of one for the 76ers. Little Tag Logo Man and Autograph of Andre Igualdala. How many one of ones are in this? How many one of ones? Well if you paid for the Cubs price George I don't think it was that much right? Maybe a hundred bucks? Keep it man. Can't say you ever hit that hard again for like a hundred bucks. That's how much you paid. 2020 Mosaic Joe Burrow, that is a rookie autographs Mosaic and it's a PSA 10. Little Joey B, I think this is from Choice I believe, this is that red choice I believe. Mosaic autographs and it's a PSA 10. What a banger, Joey B. Last but not least we have a great it looks like BGS, 2016 Bowman Chrome Prospect Autograph. It looks like it's a 9-5-10, it is a Refractor and it is a Vladimir Guerrero Jr. first. Refractor Autograph 9-5-10, 20 out of 4.99, there you go another beauty and this case is crazy, amazing crate.  The each real one of one, then we had Mike Trout, the 101 Henry, the Sacho Page out of 15 cut autograph and the Kobe Bryant in the zone on card 25 out of 25. So that was the mystery crate there guys, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, there are 9 spots so what I'm going to do here guys is I'm going to pause the video, I'm going to input these hits into the randomizer and then we'll unpause it, randomize the customer names and the hits and see what everybody matches up with guys. Alright welcome back everybody, so there you go, there are the cards, I'll get Kobe Bryant on card, autographed 25 out of 25, Sacho Page cut out of 5 out of 15, Theorie Henry, auto one of one, that is a auto black finite, Trout, Harbor, Chris Bryant, dual autograph or triple autograph, sorry, 3 out of 5, each real transcendent, autograph one of one, 9-5-10.  So good luck guys, whatever you guys match up with is what you get. Roll, 4-4-8 the hard way, good luck, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. So after eight times, PJ at the top, Donnie at the bottom, good thing Donnie if this was a hitcrate man you would have got a lot of spots, hit trap style that is, but here you go, whatever you match up with, 8 times now. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. 8 times, 8 times Vladimir Garot Jr., Bowman's first refractor at the top, Donnie Andre, Iguodala, Logo Man at the bottom. What do we got guys? What do we got? So PJ congratulations, you just won the Vladimir Garot Jr., Bowman's first refractor autograph 9-5-10. Demetrius, killing it again, getting the trout, Harper, Chris Bryant, triple autograph 3 out of 5. Robert Flores getting the satchel page cut autograph 5 out of 15. PJ, wow, last spot Mojo, getting Ichiro, transcendent autograph 1 of 1 which created a 9-5-10. Michael May, you got that in Optics 16. Congratulations man, you got Michael Porter Jr. Prism rookie autograph PSA 10. Alexander, you have Fury Henry, autograph Black Finite Select 1 of 1. PJ with the Joe Burrow Mosaic rookie autograph PSA 10 and have yourself a great night PJ. From Optics 15 you have the Kobe Bryant on-card autograph from Spectra 25 out of 25 and Donnie 52 pickups. You have Andre Godala tag which is a Logo Man autograph 1 of 1 9-5-10 and again congratulations everybody that got spots in this break and won spots in this break. Everybody's on a walk home with a really nice hit. So I appreciate you guys, jaspyscasebreaks.com


You're welcome back to the Breakfast on Plus TV Africa. It's now time for Off the Press. And we'll be taking a look at newspapers and the headlines in Nigeria today, beginning with the Daily Independent. Southern governors are senators, back-regioners, governors on open-grazing ban. Southern senators, back-regions governors on open-grazing ban. Say agreed strategies will check kidnapping and killings. Secure region, return it's a path of peace and development. And under May 4, Southern governors on open-grazing ban. Above the headline on the Daily Independent, Idil Fitri, let's not fall prey to forces of division, Buhari advices. Without a warning, children risk physical mental disabilities, that's according to experts. And we see here, Neti, EFCC, ICPC, NFRU, to enforce transparency in extractive industry.   National greed, CCN investigates total system collapse. And why Obasaki, once current Adobe PDP Ex-Escu dissolved below the headline on the Daily Independent, Lagos government vows to enforce COVID-19 pandemic rules. NDLA nabs Lagos politician with cocaine, worth millions of Naira. Those are the stories on the Daily Independent. All right, now for the Nigerian Tribune this morning. Southern senators reps, back Southern governors. We will work with National Assembly to achieve our goals. And that is from Akiri Dulu. Don't be afraid of consequence of your decision, says Afeni Faray. Governors resolution informed by fragile state of the country, Pandef is saying. Also Nigeria's diaspora remittance dropped by 28% in 2020. That is from the World Bank. A gas explosion kills three in Abelkota. Greed collapse plunges Nigerians into darkness. And also sea pirates killed two in raid of Akwaibam waterways. We can also see in the Nigerian Tribune, famine may threaten 12.8 million Nigerians between June and August, says the FAO. In security, police stop personnel from escorting political office orders in VIPs in Southeast and South-South. Still on the Nigerian Tribune this morning, just wanted two other stories. Ibaron chief Imam Sheikh Dahiru Bauchi marked ideal future ahead orders. As Muslims worldwide celebrate Eid today. Those are the big stories on the Nigerian Tribune. On the punch newspaper, the same headline we've been seeing throughout the newspapers this morning, Southern Governors resolutions. ACF backs open grays and ban, says restructuring to divide Nigeria. And the forum says some restructuring advocates want Nigeria disintegrated. Houses to get bill sued. Lawmakers seek legal backing for resolutions. With 2014 Confab report, no need for fresh dialogue, says middle belt. Above the headline, Nigeria diaspora remittances declined by 27.7% to 16.8 billion dollars, that's according to the World Bank. The TCN here says total system collapse under probe, repairs progressing. Wuhari Lawan, governors, others, preach unity and love at Idelfitri. Below the headline on the punch newspaper, we see here, it says, Lagos threatens to prosecute Hajj returnes over seven day compulsory isolation. Three burns to death as refrigerator gas explodes in Ogrum. We'll keep Babaijesha onto Jusson resumes, police tells protesters, also on the punch newspaper, can declares three day mourning, prayers against terrorists, bandits and kidnappers. Ex-Lagos LG boss arrested with cocaine at MMIA, 145 million Naira seized. Terrorists in Southwest planning attacks on redemption camp, winners and musts, and that's according to Akintoi. And now on the daily sun. Terrorists have encircled Southwest, Europe group alleges. Again, Catholic bishops, one of Lumin danger, task Buhari and new approach to security challenges, and AS cautions against extra judicial killings in Southeast and South-South. Also reps, back Southern governors on open grazing ban and others. Why we took the decision, Akiridulu, SNGF chair. Also, Uzo Dima sacks 20 commissioners and others in one fell swoop. Once again, blackout looms as national grid collapses. Gunmen kill police man in Akwaibom, Baron station. Idelfitri, Buhari, governors, Kaluwada, security against criminals. And security forces arrest IPOB commander. NDLEA, NAB's Lagos drug baron, seizes cocaine, millions of Naira. And EFCC recovers 153 million dollars from the Ziani, secures for future, of over 80 houses. These are the big ones on the daily sun. On the nation newspaper, row over South governor's call for restructuring and dialogue. In their variants, Lagos puts US Ghana on others on the watch. Police withdraw escorts from ministers, VIPs, South-South Southeast affected. Can declare three day prayer against insecurity. APC to screen 1385 Lagos council poll aspirants on Saturday. CCN confirms total power collapse. Three dead in Ogun gas explosion. NMA says, Aikiti onto others or in doctors. Policemen killed in attacks on stations. And the nation here, wishing Id Mubarak to its readers. Ms. Naira, good morning. Thanks for joining us on the breakfast. Have you? Good morning. Thanks for being here. Yes, we can. All right, so there's... Yes, good morning. My fine network. All right, we'll apologize for the difficulty in connecting with us, but good to know that we have you now. And we see that across the newspapers, this morning, one factor repeating itself is the resolution that the Southern governors reached at their meeting in Delta State. And several factions supporting the decisions they reached on banning open grazing. On the Daily Independent, it said the Southern senators backs it. We see that that's the same story on the Daily Times. North kicks, as I find it very odd, there's back Southern governors and cattle grazing ban on the Guardian newspaper. It's the same on the nation and on the Ponson newspaper this morning. Ms. Naira Tok, are you still there? Very much, I'm hearing you. I hope you are hearing me as well. Yes, I can hear you. I'm saying that this story is repetitive today. The resolution of the Southern governors and how different factions are supporting this or kicking against it. Or do you think about the resolution to ban open grazing in the Southern states of Nigeria? You know, I think that the time has come when we must no longer leave under any illusions of the fact that if we want to be a country, let's be a country, want to be a nation, let's be a nation. And they are setting fundamentals that have run through the threat of a sustainable nation. And one of those fundamental threat is equality of all citizens. And what's been going on has not been too fair because if you look at it logically, it makes more sense for people to have ranches for their animals, for their cattle in particular. It's just common sensical because in terms of the economics, the cattle are restricted, so they get fattened, so their productivity is higher. In terms of risk factor, our children or sons don't have to trek from Sokoto to Kalapa. It just doesn't make sense. In terms of the dynamics, all the fights that we have, the so-called header farmers clash. I don't know what clash is. I have a farm and people intrude on my farm and you call it a clash, it doesn't make sense. So all these things can be stopped with just one action, just a single action. And what is that action, ranching? So we've sat down and we've looked at this country, the way things are going. There are several conspiracy theories that are bound. I was doing a write-up yesterday and I did a lot of research and did a lot of talking to people and I was so, somewhere along the line, I just couldn't continue because the conspiracy theories are just, I'm putting it down and probably I'll publish it soon. We really need to come down and sit down and think. Now, I believe that there are two hulanis and the moment we realize this, everything will be settled. There's the Nigerian hulanis. We are all for them.  They don't take, they don't look for anybody's problem. They are the Nigerian hulanis. There are these people who feel that Nigeria should be their next home. These are fighters, these are militants, these people take no prisoners, these people don't care, they are consciousnessless. These are people that are just, they are looking for the best word to use because it's difficult for me to find something that really describes their horrifying nature.  So, I have not seen my president draw that line and he's the president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Whoever takes that title takes a second responsibility of neutrality and being for all and yet for none. So, I think that the southern governors have sat down, they've realized what's going on and they are taking far-reaching decisions. And you know what came to me as of yesterday in my research? The middle bells go, the governors are starting to make calls. First it was certain regions, you know, South-South was there, South-South was there, then there was a bridge between the South-South and the South-East and now the Southwest are coming. As of today, I can tell you qualitatively that North Central is starting to have dialogue with the southern region. But this does not have to continue. I look for somebody to tell me any of the points that the southern governors put forward that is un-nationalistic. Let me use that term. All right, let's also bring in, still on the same topic, the comments by Professor Uspan Yusuf, he on another television station complained that the southern governors didn't seek advice from the Consent, from Fulani leaders and Fulani elders and also said that southern governors must provide land for headers in their states if they want to go through with this ban on open grazing. Now what's your reaction to that? I listened to that interview and coming from a professor, I was between you and I, how can I say between you and I in public anyway, I was taken aback, not just a little substantially for two reasons. Number one is that, Mr. Professor should have realized that this was a meeting of the southwest, the south is the south-south, okay? And that one of the principal players which is the southwest had held a meeting with the Meteala or the Fulani stock. So one would expect that when they were having this meeting, they would have reported back the meeting that they had with others. So for you to say that in this larger meeting, they should have been brought back exclusively to talk with them. Is he telling me, Mr. Professor, that the southwest governors who had the meeting with these our brothers did not have the capacity to comprehend the meeting and to recap in their meeting, that was absolutely unnecessary as on the first take. Then in terms of land, you know, I always say this, I believe that we should learn to draw certain lines. The federal government is there to give a protective cover to all the weak and vulnerable segments of the society. So to that extent, if the Fulani's in the new dispensation need a certain cover, I will be one of those that will support that motion, not just physically or intellectually, but even financially if the need comes. But that will happen when I know that my brothers and within this context, I'm talking of the Nigeria Fulani's at disenfranchised. I will speak for them the way I spoke to our brothers in the United Delta when they could no longer fish because all the waterways and everything had become polluted. So to that extent, Mr. President still holds the ace and that ace is for him to draw that line. If I say this time and time again, if I was the governor of a Kwaipu state, you have the Bibius in Cross River, you have the Bibius in Abia, you have the Bibius in Rivers, you have the Bibius all around probably the southern part of Nigeria. I am not going to carry the budget of a Kwaipu state and empower people from Abia or people from Rivers because they are Bibius. No. Brother, brother, nice to see you. Nice to have you, but you see, this is for a Kwaipu state. This is a Kwaipu budget and I was elected by a Kwaipu people and given a mandate and I swore to an oath for me to defend and protect and empower them. To that extent, the Fulani's are there in Mali, Niger, Chad, Cameroon, they are there all over, but the president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria was not elected as the Ibarba Diobam of Fulani's worldwide. No, because in a Kwaipu, you have Naki's worldwide, they are the Kwaipu students, national section of the Kwaipu students worldwide.  The same way, you are not the president of Fulani's worldwide. You are the president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and you've got to draw that line and until that line is drawn up, we will end up saying things derogatory against our people because we are doing a blanket cover. I am for the Fulani's of Nigeria extraction. All right, let's quickly also speak about the power grid, the national grid collapse yesterday. There's been efforts to revive it and bring it back into full operations. But I was saying earlier, it's a little disappointing that we're still experiencing things like this here in Nigeria. They're seeing that we're struggling to meet up with 5,000 megawatts of electricity for our population. And at the same time, there's people who suggest that this is a time that we should go back into discussing decentralizing power and letting states be able to generate their own power and regions also generate their own power. But quickly share your thoughts on the collapse. There will continue to be collapse when you think that an area that has so much sun and has no water should enjoy light from water. Israel from the south, it's just doesn't make sense. It is the day we start to run government based on fundamentals of good governance. That day, we will have a nation that thrives. But when you want to pipe oil from the south to the north, you want to bring power from the north to the south when the south has water, the north has wind, the north has sun. And Israel allowing each region to have best what is their greatest potentials. And together we bring in the mix and we are stronger together so that our individual potentials and advantages are harnessed and like team, together everyone achieves more. Once we bring that concept into our governance structure, Nigeria will just rise overnight as the giant, not just of Africa, because we are endowed with all we have. Go to the north, the minerals are there, but they are closing their eyes to the minerals because we want to look at oil. One of my prayers, and I hope the SSS does not come to me for this, is that the oil in Nigeria should dry up and from United Delta. And I say with every sense of responsibility so that we can wake up and start to think minus oil we have everything. Look at agriculture, just take mango in the south, after eating, throw it on the road. The next time you come is like, what is this nonsense? You have to come and cut the mango because it has grown. That's how beautiful, whereas some other places they need to do prayer meeting for the soil, for it to grow. We have everything that it takes. If I was, I've always said, I wish I was the governor of Ben West state. One of the states, I would like to be the governor of Ben West state, because all I need is a strategic partnership with Israel on agriculture, and I will seize the role of the West African sub-region. That land is a major resource that many countries cannot afford to dream of. And you have so much land and the complain is, oh, forest tree, all the bandits are taking over all the forest. Why won't they take over the forest when nothing is happening to the forest? Look at some desert forest. Why can't we take some desert forest as a special project in Nigeria? Go into the sort of agriculture, let the federal government project so much money just to turn some desert forest into the hope that fits Africa. It's possible. But we are here toying under chickening and behaving like headless chicken. I see we don't have. How can we be complaining in the midst of plenty because people get into government without understanding why they are there. They go there for their personal interests instead of for them to consider the larger good of the largest society. All right, Mr. Ayedhok, in those states, there seems to be like a political crisis brewing there between Obasiki, Godun Obasiki, the governor of Ado-State as well as PDP members, how he wants the escorts to be dissolved, how he wants his own man. It's just a lot in Ado-State. What do you think about the issues going on there? I think it's your problem and they will solve it. Nigeria has bigger problems. I'm sure you have another topic for all the escorts. There's also, and maybe just a follow-up on what you mentioned with regards farming and agriculture. There's a story on the Nigerian Tribune saying 12.8 million Nigerians may, well, farming rather threatens 12.8 million Nigerians between June and August. And that's from the FAO. Quickly react to that. Like I will say again, when there are people and there is no food, the inevitable commitment is farming. How do you have food when farmers go to farm? When farmers do not go to farm and every day we are sitting down and running commentaries on farmer, header clash, farmer, header clash, did we not have the capacity like the sons of Isaka to discern the signs of the times and know the prognosis, what will come out of it? If we don't see it coming, is it an accident? Is it a coincidence? Is it such a breaking news? This is something that we're waiting for us. And if we have leadership that thinks of the people, if we have leadership that is proactive, if we have leadership that sees the future, then this leadership will know that the next best time for us to stop all this nonsense is today. If not so, food crisis is going to be worse in security than anything you can imagine. Farming is one of the greatest national insecurity indices in any country. And I hope our national security advisor understands the place of insecurity, understands the place of unemployment, understands the place of food security or the lack of it in the national security network strategy or architecture. And I wish that he would really tell Mr. President to sit, let me use that word, advisedly, to sit up and talk to us. That's one of the demands of the governors. And before governors will say, Mr. President, please address us. There is something critically wrong. And let us not get diverted by PDPs having problems with PDP, APC, with the ADC in understate or in a white boom or in a, those are not the issue. They have currents. They say how's they born? They push, you run for push. We have major national issues that we must tackle. We must be able to talk to our youth and say, please, there are consequences of burning police stations and burning iconic offices. Who is engaging? Where are the leaders? Where are the elders coming up to engage our youth to bring in their wisdom to tell the young people that there's more in the future than what you can see in the now. Who is starting to tell the national assembly and say, please give us electoral arts like yesterday so that we can start to prepare ourselves? Mr. President, I don't believe that a man who said that they could not sign a bill because it was too close to election time two years after has not felt unnecessary.  That's his only legacy, in my opinion, I may be wrong, but I believe that, and that is possible, I wish I had access to Mr. President for just five minutes because I want him to exit in a blaze of glory and if he gives us free fair critical elections, Nigerians are most forgiving people in the world. Look at our brother Jonathan. Nobody talks about him, just that he made a world call. He is now a hero and Mr. President can be a bigger hero by doing just one thing, give us free fair critical, forget about the elections right now, or rather forget about all these economies, blah, blah, blah. And let the elders step in, like the governors have, let every well-meaning citizen come in with respect to this issue of insecurity.  And when you disenfranchise people, you push them to people that will impress them. Let us be their friends, let us be their brothers at this time. Let us look at their concerns and address Nigerian Fulanese. Let us not alienate them, castigate them, pass a blanket cover, pay use a brush and paint all of them. They are terrorists. They are not truth, they are not. Nigerian Fulanese are amazing guys. Let Mr. President draw that line and become the president of Nigeria, not the oboe of Fulanese worldwide. Okay. Isaac Heling, I talk. Thank you so much for your time. This very interesting Thursday morning. Thanks for starting up our show for us. We wish you a great day ahead. Yes. Thank you. Thank you. Absolutely. Stay with us. We have a whole lot more coming your way this morning. Up next we have today in history what happened on this day, the 13th of May, many years ago. We'll get to share with you after the short break.


Hello Earth citizens. In this video, I will show you a 10-minute routine to do for foot reflexology self-massage. If you're not familiar with the concept of reflexology, it's a belief based on East Asian medicine that pressing different points on your feet and also on your hands corresponds to different areas of your body. So, you know, if you want to try to stimulate your brain, it's very hard to do when you try to push down because you have your skull right here. So it's not possible for you to access your brain by pushing on the literal brain. So, reflexology believes that if you push on different areas, so for example, the brain is actually the top of your big toe, like this. If you press here, it corresponds to that area, so you're able to release headaches, pressure from your head by pushing down on certain points on your feet. So we're going to learn some tricks of how to do self-massage and bring some healing energy to your body, your different organs, using foot reflexology. So, to help you guys out, I'm going to provide a handy little chart that we'll use to do our 10-minute routine today. So if you see on this chart, you can see that your left and right foot actually correspond to the whole structure of the left and right side of your body. So if you take a look, you can see it starts with your head on the top of your big toe, and then it goes to the eyes, and then the ears, and then on the left side where your heart is kind of on the upper part of your body, so on the upper part of your left foot on the left side where the heart is, you can see it pressing that point will stimulate the heart, and then going down, the left side is more of your stomach, and that's because the stomach is on the literal left side of your body.  So isn't it pretty cool that the foot reflexology chart sees your whole body on your whole foot? So you have your whole body on your whole foot. So now let's start with your head area.  If you have a lot of headaches, you can push down on this area. It doesn't matter which foot you do first, so let's just first do the right foot because I have my right leg up here. So let's just push down here, the head point. So when you push down, you can use your fingernails to push down, or if that's too harsh, you can use the place right under your nails or the fatty area of your thumb too. So push down here, and then now let's move down so if you can see my foot. I can do it from the side here so you can see my foot a little bit better.  Then you know, ah, I have some blockage in this corresponding area. So one thing to note, please, please, please do not try to memorize this chart. There's no point in trying to memorize this chart. You can just refer to this chart, but don't try to memorize it. It'll give you much of a headache. It'll stress you out even more, unnecessary stress. The important thing is that you feel, when you push down, you'll feel some areas that have pain. Remember those areas, and then just look at the chart and say, ah, the corresponding organ here is blank. So now I know I have some blockage there. All right, now let's move down towards the outside towards your pinky toe. I'm pushing with my fingernails because I feel like that gives you a little bit better stimulation. And then now move down to the little soft spot right above your arch, and you can see the corresponding organ there. Then now down to the outside towards your pinky toe.  You can see this is your liver area. Then a little bit towards the center, your kidneys. Then now let's go down to your intestines, your arch area. Push down with your fingernails. Push down everywhere on the bottom of your feet. Breathe. Then now move down to your heels. And then with your heels, make your right hand into a fist and then use the pinky side too. Tap your heels. Tap your heels. Tap your heels. And then tap your whole foot. Arch. Okay, and stop. And now place your thumbs in the middle right here where there's a soft spot above the arch below the ball. And with the fatty part of your hand, push out. Push out like you're sliding out heavy energy out of your foot. So push and then like this. Push and outside. All the way down your whole foot. Even your heels, push and out. Push. This will help bring your circulation to your feet. And now use the inside, this whole part of the inside of your palm to push out. So it's a little bit more than just your thumb. Use your whole inside of your palms to push out. Push out. Push out. Push out. Great. Now let's switch feet. Switch feet. Switch. And the same thing here. Use your fingertips or the place right under your fingernail or the fatty part of your thumb. Let's start from the head. Top of your big toe. And go down. Again, don't try to memorize this chart. Just feel your body. And now if you go down to this area, this is where your heart is. So pushing here will help with your heart according to reflexology. And now back towards the soft spot right here. Above the arch below the ball. Now down to the arch. That's where your intestines are right here. Stomach area. Stomach and intestines. The stomach is on the left side. Then now down. Keep pushing down. Now with your heel, make a fist again using the pinky side. Tap your heel. Tap, tap, tap. Up to the arch. To the ball. And now using the fatty part of your thumb from the center, push out. From the center, push out. From the center, push out. Push out. And then now using the inside of your palm, your whole thumb and the inside here. Push down and out. Down your whole foot. Okay, great job. How do your feet feel? Do they feel a little bit lighter, maybe less puffy than before? You can try this. Anytime you have some foot pain or anytime you want to work some internal areas of your body, but you can't access them. So this will help you release tension from your internal organs as well. You did a great job. And again, don't try to memorize this chart. That's not the point. The more important part is that you, as you massage and push down on your own feet, you can recognize. If I have pain at a certain point, I know what organ or what body part it corresponds to. So that gives me a clue as to what I need to work on. That's the more important part. You did a great job. To experience a full one hour brain education based class, please visit a local body and brain yoga studio near you.


At a recent Google Cloud conference, Robcraft, product need for cloud machine learning, got up on stage and told the crowd, onwards of 9 years ago, we got out of the rules business. Everyone in this room probably writes rules for a living, if you write code. If this, then that, those are rules. If the following things are met, the following things should execute. The stored procedure sees this, the stored procedure writes that. Those are all rule-based systems. What if you are able to declare through a statistical model, here's what good looks like, and the confidence that good is this thing, and why doesn't the system then determine on its own how it should determine to get to that good thing, that's what a predictive type of system tries to do. What he's describing here is the shift that's taken place over the past decade towards machine learning becoming an ever more popular method for building software systems. Machine learning has seen explosive growth over the past decade and applications within many different areas. For example, the machine learning algorithms on Yelp's website help the company's staff to compile, categorize and label images more effectively. Machine learning applications are being used at Facebook to filter out spam and poor quality content, and the company is also researching computer vision algorithms that can read images to visually impaired people. Bao Du's R&D lab uses machine learning to build what the company calls deep voice, a deep neural network that can generate entirely synthetic human voices that are very difficult to distinguish from genuine human speech. Machine learning refers to the process through which a computer can construct an algorithm based upon the analysis of data. Such algorithms overcome following strict static program instructions by making data-driven predictions or decisions by building a model based upon sample inputs. Machine learning is employed in a range of computer tasks where designing and programming explicit algorithms with good performance are difficult or infeasible. In such cases we tell the computer what we want the output to be and then it builds a model based upon the data that will be able to reproduce those results when presented with new data sources to process. Machine learning can largely be characterized as an optimization process over some set of data. To solve any machine learning problem we want to find a metric that tells us how far we are from the solution and try to minimize that value, minimize the error which is called the loss function. The formal definition of a machine learning system is stated as such. A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some class of task T and performance P if its performance at task T as measured by P improves with experience E. Which essentially just means that the computer is given a task and some metric for success and with each iteration over the task it is performing it gets better at doing it as measured by the performance metric. For example Google used a machine learning algorithm to drastically reduce the electrical consumption in its data centers. Using a system of neural networks trained on different operating scenarios and parameters within their data centers they created an efficient and adaptive framework to understand data center dynamics and their optimization efficiency. They accomplished this by taking the historical data that had already been collected by thousands of sensors within the data center and using it to train a set of deep neural networks. The machine learning system analyzed the internal arrangement within the data center and tried different configurations to assess the efficiency of energy consumption. It stays iterating adjusting the configuration and trying to reduce the value and learning at each iteration. Ultimately the algorithm managed to reduce the amount of energy used for cooling by up to 40%. This is the key to most machine learning problems. You take the problem and minimize the error by using gradient descent, trying different options to see which reduces the output error by the most and then iterating on that process. Machine learning systems are typically categorized as being supervised or unsupervised. The biggest difference is that supervised learning deals with labeled data while unsupervised learning deals with unlabeled data. Labeled data is a group of samples that have been tagged with one or more labels. The process of labeling typically takes a set of unlabeled data and attempts to apply meaningful tags to that data that are informative of its content. For example those labels might indicate whether a photo contains a mountain or a lake or the type of action being performed in the video, what the topic of a news article is, what the overall sentiment of a tweet is. Labeling can be a time consuming exercise that is often done by humans. After obtaining a labeled data set, machine learning models can be applied to that data so that new unlabeled data can be presented to the model and a likely label can be guessed or predicted for the piece of unlabeled data automatically by the algorithm. Techniques that can work with unlabeled data are called unsupervised learning. With unsupervised learning, we're trying to get the machine to find and create different categories within the data. In an unsupervised approach, you're trying to build a prediction where you don't actually have the outcome as a reference for training the algorithm but we let the model work on its own to discover information that may not be visible to the human eye. Clustering algorithms are one such example where a set of inputs is to be divided into groups. This involves the analysis of patterns and sets of unlabeled data to find groups that are similar. Unsupervised learning is important because most of the time the data that we get in the real world doesn't have little tags attached to it to tell us what it is. We need to perform some kind of analysis before going any further. With supervised learning, the computer is presented with example inputs and their desired outputs given by a teacher and the goal is to learn a general rule that maps inputs to outputs. We do this by training the model, that is, we load the model with knowledge so that we can have it predict future instances. For example, we teach a model by training it with some data from a labeled data set and then provide it with new data for it to try and match the original labels. Main types of supervised learning are classification and regression. Spam filtering is an example of classification where the inputs are email messages and the classes are spam or not spam. Likewise, one might feed the system a data set of flowers to have it identify the different types. A core objective of machine learning systems is to generalize from their experience. Generalization in this context is the ability of a learning machine to perform accurately on new unseen examples or tasks after having experienced a learning data set in the past. The training examples come from some generally unknown probability distribution and the system has to build a general model about this space that enables it to produce sufficiently accurate predictions in new cases. The key aspect of machine learning that makes it an important method with respect to big data is that we don't have to hard code pre-specified rules. The iterative feedback aspect of machine learning is important because as models are exposed to new data they're able to independently adapt and evolve. They learn from previous computations to produce reliable and repeatable decisions and results. There are many different approaches to building machine learning systems. In the next module we'll give an overview to some of the primary approaches taken.


So what does it mean to be a woman? Is there a fundamental biological script that we are overriding, or merely social expectations that we are shunning? Well, there is a God-awful confusion between sex and gender. Sex, we used to think of sex, we used to believe that sex is biologically determined by something called gametes, certain type of sex cells. We've honestly and firmly and sincerely believed until well into the 1960s that sex is exclusively determined by gametes, in a sexual differentiation process during the pregnancy, and that people are born either men or women, either male or female, I'm sorry.  Today we know a lot more, and we know that about 2% of people are born with an indeterminate sex. We also know that hormonal cascades, hormonal developments in later life can absolutely change one's sexuality and psychosexuality to the point that one has gender dysphoria, which is a bad name, a bad label, it should have been sex dysphoria. So we know that someone can be born as a man, but having been exposed to certain hormones in the womb and later on in life, etc., etc., he can definitely feel that he's a female, he's born male, but he can feel that he's a female and vice versa. So there is the concept of sex fluidity. Regrettably it is hyped beyond measure, but it does exist. I also see nothing wrong in adolescents experimenting with sexual identities.  Now this sexual identity can be punch sexuality, can be bisexuality, it doesn't have to be male-female. We have about, I think, eight or nine sexual identities nowadays, which are recognized and recognizable and documented in literature for thousands of years, by the way. So I don't see anything wrong in an adolescent experimenting. Actually, adolescents had always experimented with homoeroticism and homosexuality. Even in the 1940s, even in the 1920s, even in the 19th century, people, when boys were growing up, they were experimenting with homosexuality. It was a well-known documented phenomenon. So people experiment as adolescents and then they settle on a single, usually lifelong identity and there is type constancy after that.  And in adolescence, it might even be a good idea to encourage people to explore the whole range until they can conveniently and safely, and comfortably settle into a single sex kind of role. So this is sex. While sex in something like 90% of the cases is determined at birth and is stable across the lifespan, gender is a completely different thing. Now remember, sex is male-female.   Sexual reproduction is the favorite strategy in nature. If we ignore, for example, protozoa and microbes and so on, and if we talk about evolved complex organisms, sexual reproduction is by far the favorite strategy of nature.  So this is sex. But one could say pretty safely that sex is fixed. At the margins, there are people who are fluid and they can transition from one sex to another, but sex is a pretty fixed thing. Not so gender. Sex is male-female. Gender is men-women. Men-women is a social cultural construct.  It so happens that people with vaginas were assigned the gender of women and people with penises were assigned the gender of men. But there is no biological foundation to decide that a specific gender role should forever be assigned to someone with a specific set of genitalia or that a specific gender role should be universal across all periods of history in all societies, all cultures, and all geographic regions. Actually, this is counterfactual. It's not true. Gender roles, there are like thousands of gender roles throughout history in various cultures, societies, periods, etc. Gender roles are inverted in northern Albania, which is a highly traditionalist and conservative country. There are women there who are considered to be men and treated as men. Gender roles are inverted in many, many tribes in Africa, in Latin America, in the Amazon, etc., etc. Many primitive early societies had inverted gender roles, including passages in the Bible. Gender is not a fixed thing. Gender is a social convention, essentially, and the outcome of upbringing. To start with, as Butler had noted, gender is performative. It's a performance. Gender is what men do, how they act, including in sex. Gender is what women do, how they act, their choices, including in sex. Sex underlies gender and kind of integrates with it in some way, but as a performance. When people grow up, they are being consistently told, girls don't do this, boys don't do this. This is the way you should behave, to be a man, to grow up and be a man. This is the set of actions, choices, decisions, body language, etc., that you should adopt. It's a stereotype, it's a role, and people are brought up to perform these roles. So gender is performative. Gender is also the outcome of socialization. Society wants us to perform specific roles. For example, there was a period in human history where society valued children very much, especially, for example, during the colonial times, when they needed surplus population to take over colonies. So during that period, 17th, 18th and 19th century, women were encouraged to stay at home, reproduce, and raise children. Society needed it. Men were encouraged to be disposed of and laden, aggressive, and so on, because society needed soldiers. Societal needs shape and determine gender roles. Today, for example, society needs women to be promiscuous. They need them to not have committed relationship. Society needs women to not have committed relationship. Society needs women to postpone, delay marriage, and not have children. Why? Because society wants women to be, to integrate in the workforce, to integrate in the workforce, and to become consumers. The overriding need of society today is to equate gender roles, to create a unique gender, where everyone, regardless of genitalia, is a consumer and a producer. Now, children get in the way of this. Family, families, marriages, committed relationships, intimacy, they get in the way of profits and income and consumption and production, which are the ultimate values. They are the gods of today. They are the idols of today, money, the bottom line, profits. So, these are the values of today. So, gender roles today had shifted to reflect these social preferences. Similarly, gender roles reflect dominance, submission. Men are supposed to be dominant. Women are supposed to be submissive. Now, everyone in the monosphere will tell you this is the natural and biological way of things. Let's utter unmitigated nonsense. In numerous species, it is the female who is super dominant and the male who is submissive. There's nothing in nature that preordains this. Nothing in the biology of men and women determines who will be dominant and who will be submissive. Yes, men have higher muscle mass. They have more muscles. Women, by the way, are better adapted to post-modern society and its exigencies and demands. But men for a very long time during the agricultural and early industrial revolution, men had leveraged their muscles to dominate society and exert control over women, subdue, subjugate, and submit them. But this is a historical accident. Had we started with the industrial revolution or the information revolution in ancient Babylon, we would have had a matriarchy. Men would have been nothing. They wouldn't be dominant. They would be submissive. And indeed in many societies throughout history, there were matriarchies. Women were in control. They were dominant. In quite a few societies to this very day, women married multiple men.  And about half of all children are raised in single parent households, majority of which are women. So dominance and submission is a socially imposed interpretation of what it means to be a man and what it means to be a woman and an integral underlying foundation of gender roles. Then there is the issue of gendered personality. We are taught to become gendered. Part of our identity formation is our gender. It's not like you're an accountant.   So gender, masculine, feminine is an integral part of your identity, unlike for example your profession or your academic accomplishments or degrees or whatever.  These are absolute jobs. We are taught that these are the only jobs that are part of our identity. If you later become a PhD, that's not part of your identity. If you become an accountant, that's not part of your identity. But if you are training to be a man, that's part of your identity. If you are about to become a mother, that is part of your identity. We took a set of jobs, a set of employment opportunities, a set of... And we made them, we made them a part of our identity. And they are not, they should not be.  Now, you may feel comfortable being a man or a woman, no problem with that. But just try to not feel comfortable and you will see the societal backlash against, for example, transgendered and transsexual people.  Even though a gender is total fiction, it's a job. And finally, there's the issue of boys and girls.  Children, regardless of their genitalia, are raised by women. Now, that creates, that creates an asymmetry in the way boys and girls are raised. Naturally, naturally women have more affinity to girls, even if they don't admit it. Even if they are totally infatuated with their boys rather than their girls. It's still studies have shown that women raise girls differently to the way that they raise boys. For example, they are much more emotionally open and empathetic with their girl children than they are with their boy children. Naturally, boys are learned to separate from the mother, not only in a good way, but in some ways, in some dysfunctional ways, in some not so good ways. They learn, for example, boys learn, for example, that to express one's emotions is unmanly. Now, men today are softer, they're more effeminate. In other words, they had adopted some elements of the feminine gender role. But still, they're very averse to expressing emotions, crying in public, admitting to vulnerabilities. They're much more averse than women. There is a mountain of studies on this. And why are they averse? Because that's the way they had been brought up by their mothers. The mother broadcasts to the boy, to the boy child, the mother broadcasts, I'm much closer emotionally to my girl than to you. And the boy takes this on board and he understands that he shouldn't burden his mother and impose on her his emotions, because she reserves her emotions to the girl, not to him as a boy. Now, this has been documented and observed and actually it constitutes one of the arguments in modern feminism. And theoretically, the presence of a male, the presence of a father should balance this, but it doesn't. It doesn't because women monopolize the formative years, zero to six, absolutely monopolize. Psychodynamically, the father has an extremely limited function before the age of six. And this is the critical age where we get all the messages that tell us how to be, who to be. So our identity formation, these are the critical years. We become who we are. We have identity diffusion well into age 21, but the figments, the elements of our identity, we acquire these in the first formative years where mommy is in charge to the exclusion of daddy.  Even if they're loved and adored and admired, they're loved and adored and admired in a way different to girls. It could well be one of the main reasons for the current gender wars and the problems between men and women. This is my commentary on the questions. I wish to thank my client for raising them. I hope I provoked your thoughts as she had provoked mine. Thank you for listening. Men, women, males and females.


What's good Josh your boy Ross back at again with a gameplay commentary video.  This is some modern warfare gameplay man I do be gaming, you know, I just hadn't really had the chance to like record my sessions and post it mainly because Me dub and my other homie demand. We're actually trying to bring that to the main channel We're trying to incorporate some gaming into the in the clutch ENT page So definitely be on a lookout for that. But right now get some gameplay Headquarters on Piccadilly one of the worst maps in this game one of the worst maps I've ever had the unfortunate pleasure of playing on in Call of Duty out of all the Call of Duty's I've played on I just don't like the flow of the map. I don't like the way the map is Designed it's a lot of there's a lot of a lot of places you have to check and always have to be vigilant That was a horrible seat C4 throw I got destroyed right there. Um, it's just one of these I just don't like this map And the funny thing is I do decent on this map. I don't like it I just I do decent like it's it's okay I'm I'm able to get a couple kills here and there. I tried to hit on with a C4 didn't work I just don't like though the map the way it is. I should have won that gunfight Don't know what happened in the jump shot and I knew it was around the corner got laid down, but um, I Feel like they just really I don't know what they was thinking with this map It's just it doesn't promote for me in my opinion a lot of moving It doesn't the only reason why people were moving in this particular game It's because I'm playing headquarters. Now.  I had to advantage on that one, but um, I play headquarters now I've tried to play TDM on this game, but people don't move especially on this map I tried to play kill confirm people. They don't really move.  So I decided to start playing headquarters This is my first time really playing headquarters out of any Call of Duty that has ever been in and I found myself enjoying it more only because I find myself like getting in more engagements people tend to play the objective more and how I play headquarters I kind of circle around the objective, you know, I'm saying I circle around the objective I try to get the flank and Try to pick off people one by one The best way I can like right here. I'm trying to trying to get behind them and then somebody else Puts me to sleep, but I Just one of those things where I just I feel like that's the only game mode I can do decent in it I found that my Katie has gone up since I've been playing headquarters in my personal being right now My Katie is at a I believe is at a 1.9 to Now when the game first came out my Katie was awful I thought I sucked at Call of Duty all of a sudden like my Katie was at like at least It was like at a 1.3 It was it was bad not gonna lie to you my Katie was pretty goddamn trash It was so it's the lowest what was well, I think it still is the lowest Katie I've had out of all Call of Duty's. Of course, I'm trying to get it up to a 2.0, but it's just I Don't like the way people play on this game And I think the way the maps are designed aka Piccadilly forces people to play so campy It's just it's it can be fun and that's a sad thing about this game I feel like this game can be fun. I like the graphics and the updated engine at the same time. It's just It's it's the way they design the maps how How everything is played how it flows is it's not too many maps on here that you're gonna catch a lot of people Moving around, you know, I'm saying so For those who's having trouble if you find yourself getting bored with TDM kill confirmed Whether I may want to try out headquarters. That's the best way you can get a decent amount of kills You know I'm saying and it's just it's more fun for me because like I like I said I find myself in lobbies where people are actually for the most part playing the objective So with headquarters the headquarters is always moving as always rotated So I find people playing the objective more and moving towards the headquarters. So It's pretty enjoyable for me, man But yeah, this is this is I wanted to try to you know, something different bring something to the channel This channel is mostly gonna be what I like to do, you know things that interest me And you know if y'all kicking it with me, then you know, I'm gonna be playing some Call of Duty You hear me and like I said at the beginning of the video We're supposed to be Dropping some gameplay footage on the main channel like we're actually trying to get it set up We'll actually be running some war zone games and eventually once we kind of get idea get a rhythm of it And kind of get a schedule will start inviting you guys to our discord We have a discord. I'm not gonna disclose it yet, but we do have a discord So once we get everything set away Figure out how we're gonna do things we're gonna definitely start by you guys to you know join in and you know Help us get some dubs because I'm be honest with you. I have yet to get a win in war zone Yes, I know I suck, but hey, it is what it is I haven't gotten a win in war zone yet a couple of my homies have so you know I'm saying I'm all for it the close quad helping your boy get get the war zone dubbing Nice little two-piece there something simple something simple nothing too crazy, but if you guys want me to have you know want to have more Gameplay commentaries. Let me know man. I'm all for it man I'm all to bring you some gameplay commentaries and you know, y'all can watch my gameplay We have some discussing different topics and you know, what's going on with whether it's in the wrestling community Whether it's in just what's going on on the in the clutch page or just whatever Whatever's you know trending at the time. I wouldn't mind having some call of duty in the background. You feel me? So I just wanted to you know, bring new fresh content to the channel, man That's that's all I'm trying to do you feel me? Also, I want to let it be known I'm not gonna be one of these content creators that try the milk out as much time as possible You know, so you're not gonna be seeing those Like the commentary only be like three minutes and then it's 15 minutes of just gameplay with you know No commentary behind me. I'm not trying to do that. I'm gonna make sure I bring you know some type of Entertainment to you guys. I want you guys get bored or whatnot. All right here. I knew someone was coming up behind me I was hoping he wouldn't turn around and he didn't he didn't realize what was going on And I'm so happy he was oblivious to that.  I want to watch I want y'all to watch this But watch this right here. I don't I do that the clear shot. I don't I don't I don't know how he lost that Not gonna lie to you. I Full of life of me.  He was holding it down, bro They couldn't kill him off of it. He was holding it down. We was all dead at this point So we was ready to wait in the respawn. He held it down man. I was like, okay Okay, my guy is putting in that work. Look at him. Just holding it down with seven to five He eventually end up dying after we responded but he held it down. And at this point, we pretty much had to do I don't think they even No, I think they know they did they did score some points on the hard point They did that towards the end, but we pretty much had the game And this is one of these game modes where you can just let people If you got a command and lead like this, you can let people just get on the hard point and make the game last I'm all for that. I'm still trying to obtain that hunting kill gameplay. I think the highest kills I've gotten on here so far Is like 70 something kills And that's not even playing ground war like the most I've gotten on ground war is maybe like 50 So I've got like 70 plus kills almost 80 plus kills just playing uh headquarters, man, so Like I said if you guys want something a different game mode tired of the traditional stuff is it's getting boring and y'all can definitely Check this out At this point, I was trying to hit them with the flank. I believe they were already in there I don't know if they got it yet. I'm not sure. Oh, yeah, they did end up getting it So we had to command and lead at this point. It was just like, yeah, you know what? Let's try to let's try to milk it as much as possible. I don't know where I got shot from. Let me push back and uh That was pretty much it man. It's it's nothing too crazy happening in this gameplay I actually had two other games prior to where my team that I was on was getting completely destroyed Like I mean they were getting smacked. It was awful I was doing okay, you know what I'm saying I was I was at least like double positive or whatever the rest of my team was just getting destroyed, bro And I hate getting in lobbies like that because it's like, bro I just there's only so much I can do by myself because I usually just play solo. I don't really run in a party I had a nice little setup right here. I'd heard the dude coming. He was coming back I could hear him. He's coming to the right. Wait for it. I know it's not Uh may look like I'm camping, but I was I was just waiting for him and then I got Just instantly melted don't even know how he melted me, but he melted me like I was nothing so At this point, we're just trying to secure the win trying to get I know there was someone in front of this bus. I was like, where is he? Where is he? Got him. You know what I'm saying easy easy killed nothing too crazy Relo trying to find my way back around and I play this mode just basically hitting people with the flank That's the best way to get kills. He's already on fire right here. Boom dead And I'm just trying to flank around.  I don't even know why I did that but at that point game was over and uh, that was pretty much it man, so This is the commentary man. Uh, I just wanted to kind of Give you guys a little sneak peek on what's coming on the main channel and uh, what's about to happen on this channel I still will be posting the regular content regular wrestling content. Look at this play of the game easy I'm like, oh, he don't even see me. He's dead. So I will be posting the regular content So don't worry about that. I just wanted to get your guys opinion But if you guys want me to post more gameplay commentaries, let me know comment down below Y'all want more of this I definitely will bring it to you guys But I appreciate y'all kicking it with me and I'll see y'all on the next video. Peace