Oh, yeah All right. Well, so how was everybody else's weekend? Um, good pretty pretty calm Went went out to my steak dinner my birthday steak dinner on Saturday. Yeah, it wasn't nice. Did you like it lovely? Yeah, that place is great. Oh and We Just hung around with the dogs and watched movies and TV shows kind of just chilled sounds relaxing Well, I will have you and Roger know that yesterday I ordered my caprese sandwich and a large godmother from Bay cities and I ate them both. Well good What's a large godmother? That's what I had. It's the tom got the small ones. I got the large one Do I eat two large submarine sandwiches yesterday? I ate Chinese leftovers It was great. We all eat an Italian submarine I mean do any of you I know I've asked Tom this but I don't know about you and Sarah and Justin, but Do you have any kind of? Uh Thing where you just won't eat leftovers like It's not it. Like I'll eat leftovers Always, I mean unless some for some reason they've turned Yeah, that's a day after leftovers. Yeah, not spoiled But something like you cook maybe the night before maybe two nights before in your Oh, yeah, I'm I'm that's ideal actually because then I don't have to cook I I will say that my wife Ashley is Is more finicky about leftover. She's more finicky about food going bad than I am I I I have yet to see the day When we've gone too bad, especially like prepared leftovers that are just sitting in the fridge like whatever. I'll eat that Oh, yeah It's probably just fermented and good for my digestion. Exactly. Yeah, if I don't It's like kimchi.   You know what my rule of thumb is I don't really get sick. So I don't know my rule of thumb is if it's not longer than three days And I nuke it hot enough generally would be safe to eat.  Yeah, they might have been my leftovers somehow Well, they might have shown up before the left. They were leftovers and you're professionally prepared So here's my question if they show up in your leftovers, but there is no bad reaction Hmm Maybe you become more of a superhuman after ingestion. Maybe maybe we'll start the show. Maybe we will Maybe we won't Now we will All right, you guys ready? Yeah, go we go Daily tech news show is powered by you to find out more head to daily tech news show dot com slash support This is the Daily Tech news for Monday, July 2nd 2018 in Los Angeles on Tom Merritt and from studio feline I'm Sarah Lane from Oakland, California I'm Justin Robert young and of course joining us a fan of 8-bit chip tunes himself roger chang our producer Yes, I am a fan of chips Especially chocolate chips. Hmm 8-bit chocolate chip tunes Good stuff We're going to talk a little bit today about a study out on automation and its effect on the workforce But let's start with a few tech things you should know Tesla confirmed it was able to manufacture 5031 model threes in seven days to meet a milestone it had hoped to achieve in December Tesla created a new production line in a tent to help meet that goal The company now hopes to produce 6,000 model threes a week by the end of august Some people say Elon musk is a snake oil salesman. I'm sure the tent is not helping NASA plans to conduct a series of public tests of quieter supersonic technology near galveston, texas in november An fa 18 hornet will perform dive maneuvers and at least 500 local volunteers will gauge the thumps it makes To say how acceptable the noise level is this will help the x 59 supersonic jet team calibrate the tech for its test flights Which are expected in 2021 All right. Let's talk a little bit more about some bad news for htc. Justin Oh, yeah HTC announced it will lay off 1,500 employees from its taiwanese manufacturing division That's about 22 percent of the company The company will reorganize for efficiency in an attempt to be profitable HTC laid off employees and reorganized earlier this year As well. It's the reorg so nice. They did it twice I don't know about nice. Uh, they certainly did it twice and It has a lot of people worried because htc as you remember sold off a large part of its mobile design team to google Uh, mostly the team that was responsible for the pixel phones, which made sense But they continue to make phones that don't sell And they continue to not acknowledge that the thing dragging down their profit margin is the phones But they say they're going to continue to make the phones now far be it from me to tell htc You'll never make a profitable phone because they make some really great phones There's no reason they shouldn't sell better Maybe they'll get it right this time But the conventional wisdom from the outside and believe me. I know backseat driver It's always easier from the outside is why don't you focus on the vibe? You've got oculus out there with a Wireless headset that you could drive out of the market because yours is better But you'll only sell yours in china. You should be focusing on that Well, but maybe that's what this is an effort to do, right? You know, if you've got a bunch of people working on phones, they're not selling well You have to lay people off eventually htc certainly isn't the first company to experience this If they want to double down on the whole vr Uh future, which is That's the crap shoot as well. Uh, depending on who you ask Then they would have to do this doesn't mean they won't ramp up later It does sound like they're not Getting rid of the idea of making the phones. No, no, no, they're they're not because this is the poison pill that they are addicted to eating right now Phones are so commoditized in general specifically on the android side that you are looking at features that are in the top of the line phones Are on Very affordable very good Uh, uh, very good phones within A year right and htc is is in exactly that perspective I mean htc wants if it were me again, I don't know i'm doing a podcast But if it were me I would be making mid-tier phones and pushing them in africa and india Which htc does not seem to be doing much or if they are trying they're not making much headway in those markets Well, let's move on to some bad news for photographers depends on where you post your photos photo sharing site 500 picks That's 500 px has removed the option for photographers to share photos under the creative common license And has closed its stock photo platform called 500 picks marketplace visual china group thought that the company bought the company rather back in february is Placing the marketplace with visual china group and getty image partnerships royalty rates for photographers won't change While the million or so creative common license images have been removed from download and search 500 picks as It may integrate creative commons into the platform in the future that that was sort of a vague Uh note from them 500 picks gave no warning of the removal, but archive.org was able to retrieve three terabytes of photos Thanks to volunteers. I saw a lot of mumbling and grumbling about this over the weekend because It wasn't so much that okay a company bought us and now we're changing our strategy It was that so many photographers had no heads up It was basically like if you're creative commons and this is something that's working for you This will all be removed figure out another option Which is funny because 500 picks at one time was this flicker alternative Kind of worked the same way had a lot of very high quality photos and photographers who were who were willing to You know be social with with their collections and share them under a variety of different licenses and it has changed Well, you know, I I I have to wonder whether or not You know, where is the new market for something like this because like you said flicker was beloved amongst photographers And then it never really found its way in a post instagram kind of world Uh, I don't even know where if you really wanted to get into photography You maybe you were starting out and you just wanted to get exposure Uh and and have your images used places like where do you go these days? Like where do you post these things? I mean 500 picks is still there. I I think there's it's easy to misinterpret this story in a lot of ways First of all, visual china group bought the company and said, hey, you know what we have our own marketplace We'd like to put that in 500 picks at least in china. So let's start there Oh, if we do that, it doesn't really make sense to operate the old marketplace outside of china Let's license with getty images. That'll make us more money It'll also be better for the photographers because then when they license through 500 picks They get licensed through getty images They're liable to make more money because they might get sold off side of 500 picks through getty images as well This is going to be great for everyone. Oh wait getty images doesn't really integrate with creative commons How many people are using the creative commons function? Not that many. That's a small percentage We're not familiar with creative commons culture So let's get rid of it as a business decision and an engineering decision. It makes perfect sense Hold on We didn't give anyone any notice and now they're very upset that these images that were creative commons licensed Particularly to be able to be preserved and shared easily are suddenly disappearing without any kind of notice No wonder they're getting angry. Like I don't think 500 picks meant to do something bad But they did something very badly They should not have rolled it out that way. This is an engineering solution That was not communicated to consumers in in the an effective way This was just engineering amp business both like I mean, there's no reason not to keep creative commons Unless you're like, oh, it just isn't worth the man hours to put on it Which is why they're saying we're not ruling out adding it later if we see there's demand for it Yeah, but your question remains Justin What would be the best alternative for any photographer who's like, you know, the creative commons license is really important to me And you know, that's where I I share or I or I you know, someone like me might might get photos that way I don't know. Um, I I'd love to know what what the new cool thing is I know it's not flicker ebarch suggests smug mug in the chat room Yeah, that's true. Send us your favorites. Uh feedback and daily tech news show dot com All right security researchers from your rur universitat bocum and new york university abu dhabi have revealed a vulnerability in lte They call all tur get it lte is capitalized in the word all Yeah, uh, so this is a vulnerability and it's a serious one if you're in the surveillance industry if you're in really, you know, uh, sensitive data, uh In the in the business of of trafficking and sensitive data But it's not going to be one that affects most of you an attacker in proximity of the target So first of all, they have to be nearby And they have to have around $4,000 worth of sniffing equipment. So this isn't going to be just anybody off the street Could sniff out your data and first of all Use the amount of time data requests take and the amount of data that's trafficked To kind of identify what sites are being visited despite encryption. It's something called fingerprinting So they can get enough data to do some fingerprinting and say, oh, I think I know where they're going Then the attackers could also direct traffic to malicious dns servers There's a lack of integrity checks in lte's lower layers that can allow them to spoof dns servers And get your traffic to visit their dns server, which could serve malicious pages The worst thing about it is it's baked into lte. There's really no way to patch it So you kind of have to wait for 5g to come along for this to be gone In the meantime, if you are somebody who says, well, wait, you know Somebody with $4,000 of sniffing equipment nearby me is a is an actual real risk Then you're going to want to make sure that you're only visiting sites using http strict transport security or dns security extensions That limits the amount of sites you can go to of course so I mean, I I definitely would be curious to see You know, this this seems like the kind of thing that that at you know def con would be You know something that was that was talked about but Uh, it seems like this is not This is this isn't quite a retail problem for exactly. That's a really good way of putting it It's something to know about something to be aware about especially if you end up in a position We're like, oh, wait a minute. This could be a problem But the vast majority of people listening to this show are not going to have to worry about it So important to know not important for most of you to worry about Dell which owns 80 of vmware says it will buy back the vmware tracking stock it issued in 2016 In order to simplify its ownership structure Dell will offer 109 dollars per share or 1.3665 shares of class c del common stock Dell says it will uh It will list the class c shares back on the new york stock exchange following the completion of the buyback Making del a public company again Yeah, so if you didn't quite follow that The they a tracking stock is something that you put out when you don't want to put out stock for the entire company Uh, but let's say well in vmware's case You have a company that used to be public and you kind of want it to keep trading So it's called a tracking stock because of that and so what del's doing is saying that makes it complex to make del public again So we need to buy back all that stock Give those people class c stock and del which is private right now Then we can take del public So the upshot is del's going back to the stock exchange sounds like Yeah, man, dude.  Yeah, I mean, I kind of thought it was The idea of public pressure on del is what was keeping it from succeeding But it sounds like that was only a temporary solution in their mind Is we just needed to get out of the public guy for a while so we could fix stuff now We fix stuff we can go back and be public again moving on to bike shares lift acquired motivate which is the bike sharing company that operates City bike in new york city if you've been to new york city, you know that they're very prolific there Ford's go bike program in san francisco lift says motivate has about 80% of bikes share trips in the u.s It's also operating networks in chicago, boston dc portland columbus, ohio Minneapolis now lift competitor uber bought e bike start up jump earlier this year A bit of a trend that and uber has applied for a permit to operate a network of electric scooters in san francisco Lift has applied for a permit in san francisco there as well So All right, we talked a lot about Electric scooters on friday show in our round table show with with chanon morris and trisha hershberger, but I think this is really smart. I mean i had not Realized that motivate the parent company of city bikes, which i have used in new york city and it is Lovely at least if the weather is right. I did not realize that their network extended to so many other cities This is a fundamental path in the wood One way or another kind of decision because Motivate if you are not familiar the difference is That uh for either the ford go bikes or the city bikes in new york You have these paddocks that are permitted and they are out on uh street corners They they have done a great job of figuring out where the big traffic points are you get it out of one paddock You go you plug it into the the paddock near where you want to go and that's that process the far more anarchistic and uh at times Legally straining model is what we have seen with let's say bird and lime And jump which uber bought where you just find a bike somewhere you you turn on your app You see that it's it's around your neighborhood You walk you get it and then you just leave it wherever you want with very very few Restrictions you are you are leaving it in in public places not a specific government approved paddock So it's it's interesting to see lift going this way Getting into this game where they already have a tremendous foothold While i kind of wonder with how easy some of this other that the other business model is Whether or not that's going to be the dinosaur way is motivate where the puck is and lime and bird and jump Where the puck is going well and and lift wants to do both and uber wants to do both So it kind of doesn't matter. I think what uber and lift want are when you get out of the car We're partnering with public transit agencies to tell you hey You can buy a transit pass through us in certain areas Or we want to be able to tell you oh We know you still have a little ways to go to get to the place you wanted to Here grab this scooter slash bike and it will get you there They just want to cover every step on your path from one place to another Yeah, if you use public transportation, I think shannon was talking about you know, you know being your abert station um last friday it's like The idea of having a place where you get a scooter or a bike or wherever in a designated location where you know They're going to be that doesn't have to go the way of the dodo just because we have the birds and the limes and you know That's sort of riddling of of scooters all over the place in other senses. I think there's room for both I don't totally know how it shakes out, but I do know that between lift and uber Getting getting uh, you know market share in this sense, especially because you can piggyback it onto I took a lift and then I took a lift owned bike to get to my final destination, you know, that last mile or whatever Makes a lot of sense The only thing I would say it's on the on the way out is that I do think that there is a difference when you are working with the city Uh an overhead that is the appealing business side Of the the more anarchistic you're just finding the the bike or the scooter Model would be curious to see which one wins out or or does better or if they both work then great I will say just in closing there's a bird scooter Right outside my apartment building It's been on the street and is making weird beeping noises and has been doing it for three days And no one's used it And I don't know when it's ever going to go away and it's very annoying So a by the way, that's big money if you bring it into your house and charge it I don't but is that what i'm supposed to do? I just wanted to stop beeping. Yeah, if you want to make that green I do stop beeping too. Who knows might be a win-win Hey, folks, if you want to get all the tech headlines each day in about five minutes subscribe to daily tech headlines and daily tech headlines dot com Oh economists they worry us they talk to us. They try to educate us Uh about automation and automation is something that I have talked about in the sense of most likely We see automation limits and eliminate some jobs while other jobs get created And there is an economic tradition for that kind of thinking which is touched upon and what I think is one of the best Papers that I have read about this yet the rise of the robot reserve army automation in the future of economic development Work and wages in developing countries by luke schlögel and andy sumner of king's college london Their paper is put out through the center for global development About the effects of automation not just on economic development and wages, but particularly in developing countries What I like about it is they say yes generally speaking Developed countries that have service economies are less likely to be affected by automation because first of all automation doesn't affect service jobs as much and second it we see examples where There are pressures to keep service employees employed and it's easier to shift them into other things Where it will be a problem is in what are considered more manual labor More unskilled labor and developing countries have much larger percentages of the population engaged in that And that Is where we should be paying attention about how to aid the transition Now the paper says too much attention is being focused on determining the feasibility of automation to decide Which jobs are going to be replaced? Which automation is willing is going to work? They're like we should worry about that But we're spending all our time on that Just because something can be automated doesn't mean it will be there are costs there are legalities There are cultural beliefs about I don't want to talk to a robot stuff like that They all play a part and not enough is being done to study this Where will the effects actually happen for example in the paper? They mentioned that in indonesia indonesia's toll booth operator pt. Joss and marga eliminated 20 000 toll booth jobs with automation But not one person has been laid off from that company yet Now there are lots of reasons why that might be and they go through them in this paper But the point being just because jobs get eliminated doesn't mean the people get laid off certainly not right away There's an example of it Now what they say is that most of the disruption is going to come in these countries Where the labor market is filled with unskilled jobs in factories and agriculture and They say rather than causing mass unemployment AI and robots are more likely to lead to stagnant wages and deindustrialization So not mass firings and mass layoffs, but people just getting stuck in jobs that don't grow or don't make them enough money They say as agricultural and manufacturing jobs are automated workers will continue to flood the service sector Driving down wages and in these countries the service sector can absorb them like they can in some developed countries So the current debate focuses too much on technological capabilities and not enough on the economic political legal and social factors That will profoundly shape the way automation infects employment. What do you guys think of this? You know the tldr being we need to be focusing on How will automation affect jobs and what can we do in advance of that? well This all makes a lot of sense Uh, I I do believe that we are at a point now and we were just talking about this on on the weird things podcast earlier today that automation Will is is the greatest looming kind of a threat here I do Think that this makes a lot of sense to say that it is going to be in third In developing countries, I guess what let's not say third world That that this will hit harder Now the question is in these top-down economies where many of them are restrictive Will it be allowed to spread as fast? Like will will the governments decide that this is what is is best for everybody? I don't know I mean, I think that this is a a a worst-case scenario But I don't know how realistic it is Well, if you think about tom, you mentioned the cultural aspects of it, you know, people don't like talking to robots think of amazon's Amazon go what what's the uh the store where they don't have any cashiers anymore up in seattle? You know, that's a great example of something where it's like, okay. Well, it's a little weird You know, it might be kind of weird if I went in there the first time But if it makes sense for the company's bottom line The cultural stuff will just all have to get used to it, right because companies want to You know make as much money as possible and be more efficient And if this is the way that they can do it, they will and that applies to any country anywhere At any company in any country anywhere that said if And we and we do a lot of the stuff like well, it doesn't mean that everyone's going to get laid off It just means that humans have the opportunity to have even better jobs, you know And and and we'll expand on these more sort of menial tasks that that that if the robots take over Freeze us all up to do other things however Yes, in an economist sense If that means that you might be in a position even more so that isn't growing Where your wages aren't growing and There are enough people in that position to to to to make a difference that that is an issue It doesn't mean, you know, even if you don't lose your job It means if there's no opportunity to grow that's that's not a good thing Especially in a lot of these companies which are supposedly forward thinking and you know disrupting and changing the worlds Yeah, the the thing to keep in mind is is what this paper is saying is not We we know what the nightmare scenario is what they're saying is we don't know what the scenario is what we know is that The early indications are that automation disrupts service-based economies that are usually developed countries less Uh and that those seem more resilient What we don't know is what these developing countries are going to do where it looks like what happens is that The automation is done in the developing countries takes away the need the demand for the industries that have been employing people in the developing countries takes away their advantage of cheap labor because The automation is cheaper and and leads to deindustrialization and that's what you need to anticipate So it's it's not just about Oh, you know the policy of the country is going to affect it It's what happens on a worldwide scale as well and they recommend that countries look at Not creating manufacturing clusters to defend themselves against this But long-term automation resistant sectors and building up Social educational healthcare tourism things that are going to be resistant to automation in the future is is what We should be studying and advising countries to look at if they want to prevent this sort of thing from happening So this is all about where we go forward. Yeah Basically, this paper is saying hey nobody's looking at what we need to do They're all looking at like hey, this might get rid of these jobs. Great. That's fine What about figuring out what jobs actually get impacted and figuring out how to how to deal with that? Yeah, smart Well, I will say that this subject is very active in our subreddit and thanks to everybody who submits stories in our subreddit about Robots and and and everything else. Uh, we love them It helps us understand what you want to know more about and what we should talk about on the show Submit stories and also vote on others at daily tech news show dot reddit.com And facebook.com slash groups slash daily tech news show is another place you can hang All right, let's move on to our thing of the day Chris christensen from amateur traveler has a tip about airlines using ai This is chris christensen from amateur traveler with another tech in travel minute And yet another story in terms of where ai is coming in the travel industry We're seeing 52 of all airlines are working with some sort of ai Some are working with it to try and resolve issues more rapidly Whether you're talking to a chatbot or even better if you're talking to a person They can have an ai that is simultaneously parsing this to try and get you answers quicker I think everybody can be happy with that if it gets us the right answer They're also looking at suggesting future flights and trips That can be good if it's used wisely obviously if i'm calling to complain and yell at them Then that might not be the best time And then they're also integrating with smart devices So we saw united has come out with the united skill So I don't have to talk to someone to check in for a flight or to get flight status I can do that with my voice with the amazon echo or other similar devices The one that's a little creepy is they talked about Ai being able to tap into your fitbit to detect how agitated you are when you're calling and tailor response Accordingly, I'm not sure. I want you to have access to that data. That one seems a bit farfetched to me I'm chris christensen from amateur traveler. We see your heart rate is 95 ma'am, please You seem upset If they're going to treat me with kid gloves and get me to the front of the line that I'm going to be doing I'm going to be running stairs I have kind of a funny thought. I know we're probably far away from this, but you know, just just Expanding on our automation talk How long until the drink cart is automated and it's just a little robot going down the aisle You know, I wouldn't be shocked or uh, you know, I was very bummed to see that Virgin's model of not having a drink cart but rather just having in some kind of ordering system That you could automate Would just be a smarter way to do it. Is that is Alaska Airlines not continuing that because I I agree with you That was I don't way better way to do it. Yeah, I don't know if Alaska is continuing that tradition I do know that it didn't catch on with and virgin even stopped doing it I would order a drink and then the drink cart would come by and they'd say did you order a drink? I'm like, okay. That kind of obviates the thing so Let's check in the mail bag. Sarah. What do we get from email? Let's do it Matt from Cincinnati emailed us regarding our friday discussion on regulating electric scooter rentals Matt says even though i'm against regulations in general, I know that this would never happen I think the most sensible regulations have already been put into place and those are Motorcycle laws i'm in ohio as far as I'm aware Scooters if they were introduced here would fall under the definition of a motorcycle onto such would require a motorcycle License to operate it would also ensure that people are aware of the laws and the customs and general Courtesies that go along with riding bikes and the police could easily enforce rules of the road and prevent them from being used on sidewalks At least in my part of town a lot of people are riding scooters on sidewalks Which you're not supposed to do on a bicycle either in general matt says it's not the world's biggest hurdle to get one But it certainly wouldn't make the scooter companies happy as it's another step to use that service Meaning getting that motorcycle license. I love matt's self-awareness. He's like look, I know this is not going to happen I know the scooter companies wouldn't like it, but we've already got the rules you need It's called a motorcycle license, you know, it's may not never work But but he's not wrong like the the complaints that we made are all covered by being aware of that sort of thing It's one of those it's all fine until it applies to you if it applies to the scooter companies It's going to apply to you if you just go buy a scooter and then you're going to be like wait Why do I need a motorcycle license to ride a scooter? That doesn't seem right and that that's where it all falls apart politically But yeah, I think matt's right. Yeah, I would think there's something You know, I know in san francisco when we all lived there Um, you know, there were sort of like mopeds They work really well for the city and they kind of are motorcycles, but you don't take them in the highway So there are some sort of different legalities involved there The scooters probably and again not that I want anything bad to happen to anybody ever But I think when there are enough accidents that put people into sort of this Fud area that we're not quite in yet, you know, because we're all just talking about them being littered on the side of the road Then we'll probably have more conversations about Um, what kind of licenses you need to operate one as they come to more cities too right now It's considered. Oh, that's a san francisco problem. That's a west side la problem, but it's expandable. Yeah Well, thanks matt for writing in and also thanks to justin robert young for being with us on monday fresh off the vegas circuits What's been going on besides uh, not drinking enough water?  It's so bogus that uh, july 4th is on Uh, Wednesday, so we're extending this thing throughout the entire week. Uh, not only is the base game 500 cards Uh now 1776 for the week cheapest price that it's ever been listed at and Our mini expansions if you want our little 10 card mini expansions all this week They're buy one get one free So you want to buy You know you get two for the price of one two for the price or sorry for for the price of two All that do the math folks, even though americans. We're not so good at it But but this is easy. I guarantee you just go to the site the contender dot us and now check out Use code rockets as in the red glare rockets at checkout and you get the 1776 base decks and buy one get one free mini expansions go do it Excellent I'm gonna change all the prices to my books to 17 dollars and 76 cents the most expensive they've ever been But you know, it's patriotic. Yeah Uh, probably won't work as well as what justin's doing so maybe do what he said Also, thank you to all of our patriots the people who support us on patreon We got well more than 10 people than we had last month So huge thanks to everybody who supports us at patreon.com slash dts And if you want to show off your patriotism of being a patreon You can get some gear at daily tech news show dot com slash store If you want to give us feedback have questions comments anything You know what to do feedback at daily tech news show dot com is our email address We're also live monday through friday for 30 p.m. Eastern 2030 utc We would love to have you join us live if you can you can find out more at daily tech news show dot com slash live Back tomorrow with the french revolution himself. Patrick beija talk to you then This show is part of the frog pants network get more at frog pants dot com I'm in club hopes you have enjoyed this program That's true. They made my birthday dreams come true patrons patriots Wonderful, you know, uh, whether it whether you're automated or not Patrick calls them patriot or whatever the french Uh way of saying that is on well around the vutek. So Figured with independence day happening. We should steal that Absolutely like we did all of our ideas from the french have um I mentioned in good day internet pre-show that I haven't really been following the world cup For no good reason. I I actually like the world cup a lot. I just whatever Um, did everybody see uh the brazil mexico game? I watched the end of it this morning. Yeah Yeah, I saw the middle of it because I had to get on a flight, but it it seemed uh Uh Like uh, mexico really kind of had their shot in in the first half and just couldn't push through I mean, it's brazil Yeah, like I didn't bring it up because I actually yeah, like I I don't have a dog in the fight But I you know brazil is always so good Or yes I don't really do that right. Um, but yeah, brazil is always so good. It's like Well, yeah, the belgium japan game was crazy because japan was up 2o and then belgium came back and tied it And it looked like it was going to go into extra time and then belgium scored in stoppage time Uh, and won the right to get beaten by brazil Well, I'll tell you what though this weekend was murder for for the big heavyweights, right? Right. No, exactly I mean, I say that flippantly, but But yeah, Spain out to russia of all people. Tom merit last uh thursday called it Should have taken uh tom's advice to vegas It's three to one for russia. I gotta make some real money just betting on either hometown cooking or some uh, Putin hijinks either way came in and uh What's it called? Uh Croatia in in portugal Oh, yeah, yeah Well, okay, so here's a question for you justin because I I'm I'm a fan of march madness And being in vegas, you know and doing my little thing Is there a world cup kind of buzz going on there where there's betting or? Oh, yeah, so I mean, I know I know it's true. It just I guess I've never really noticed it before well, uh People like betting obviously. Yeah people number one like betting people number two, uh come from all over the world Uh to vegas and so you will see many for such an international event You will see many international flavors represented Uh, I know it was certainly a big highly advertised thing that mexico brazil game specifically They they're not as much advertising as you are going to ever see for an event happening at six o'clock on a monday morning Uh in in in vegas for that game. So, uh, I do know through conversations with uh sources within the professional vegas, uh gambling ecosystem that The big the vegas is very happy today because the two teams that they really would have felt the pain If they would have gone through to the end of the tournament what were portugal And mexico meaning that a lot of people bet portugal and mexico they they apparently could not set The the uh the line high enough for mexico The mexican people just wanted Ow they wanted money on that and uh brazil wins So vegas wins and uh, they move on What are we calling this roger? um They're sticking to the man comma robot And there's also i got 500 picks but cc ain't one That's good, but yeah Um automation status. It's complicated. I don't know nothing I want to do something with automation and let's see Yeah, it's automation for the people I like that one. Yeah, like that's like a r.a.m. Thing. Yeah, exactly. Yeah. Yeah, I like that. Ah What happened was already used every once in a while If I try to edit too many id3 tags in audacity it crashes and then I have to Redo all of them see I use id3 Uh editor. No, I use id3 editor too, but when I'm saving it from audacity I'm it doesn't make sense to not put the proper id3 tags in there But if you're Because i'm there it's faster Except that it crashes Usually doesn't Because I'm not changing the title three times usually I'm just changing it once Yeah No, I know you you've mentioned that where you're like, uh, like save certain things where I'm like I actually type everything out in id3 editor every time It would be nice for it to save a few things, but Yeah What are you gonna do As they say in liverpool, what are you gonna do? Did they say that there? Well, I don't know my liver poodly and next door neighbor says it a lot. The lapution What are you gonna do? You know, it's funny. So so A friend of mine who um, I would say I don't know, uh, we grew up in Different societies. I don't know. Um grew up differently from different worlds from different worlds.  You never heard of a friend.  It's just it's just funny certain things. I'm like, I guess that is kind of weird. I never really thought about it I thought everybody knew that but you know Uh, right. He's just a hamper I just know that that's not a real Yeah, what's that mean? You know when a cat's in a hamper means they're comfortable and probably Like a cat in the bag Like a pig in a poke Bird in the bush two in the You're two birds in the bush is worth two in the hamper Why how the birds get the hamper I have no idea I just I honestly I'm like maybe I sound like an old person But I said all the time. I'll say It doesn't sound that weird to me, but I guess it's kind of old-fashioned It was something I was here in a fifties movie, but I think I say it too, right, right. That was so funny That just it's funny when someone Point something like that out like what's that? What it what is that? But what's that weird expression that you're using I get that with Eileen sometimes Especially if I use something that's very Midwestern. It should be like, I don't know what that means Like what's an example? I can only think of really extreme examples, but sometimes it happens with Oh, oh the one I don't want to embarrass her too much, but the one she always gets wrong is modus operandi Oh, oh that classic midwest I'm like, I don't So the the midwestern one I could think of is can't dance too wet to plow which no one says even in the midwest anymore Never never wanted that. Yeah, um, I don't know. I can't figure Oh good ones It's my mo There are definitely some midwestern phrases that I know enough people from the midwest that I'm like I'm not like what what are you saying? But I'm like, oh, you're like a that's that's a chicago thing You know or cars roached right We're calling a guy guy Or to me I'm like that's kind of like you don't really call somebody guy Yeah, but but you know like hey, uh, uh, watch it Like hey guy. Yeah, watch it. Watch it guy. Like to me. I'm like, yeah, it's like buddy Like buddy or bro or friend. Yeah, I'm not your friend I just I and maybe I'm wrong, but I've only noticed this from the people of greater chicago land saying And it not be like sort of Yeah, but what would you say? What would be the turn you would use otherwise if it's not like hey, buddy Like hey dude. Hey guy. Hey, man Hey, hey, hey pal Hey chief Hey boss Yeah She I I mean I would use Watch yourself um, so And justin probably has some south florida versions of this as well Yeah, I I don't know what because south florida is a weird thing unless you're doing spanish stuff like Then in general south florida. It's just such a hodgepodge that'll Well, you said that made it sound like a euphemism for something unless you're doing less you're doing spanish Yeah, those two they're always out doing spanish stuff Like justin did you see the video of the guy who was on the hood of the car? Oh, yeah That yeah, and the way it was presented I don't I don't remember where I thought it was probably on instagram, but the way it was presented is florida I mean look only in florida. It's a wacky place with wacky people. It's so great. I love it dearly Wonderful. Yeah But yeah, I would I would say that 90 percent of the slang from south florida is just slang from other places Because so many people from south florida are from from other places Um, I was gonna move the conversation to uh, the the the sport story of of the hour lebron Oh my gosh. Oh, yeah, I even shrieked I I got so many texts from people yesterday, even though it's like i'm not a laker fan I'm a warrior fan. So, you know, arguably not a lebron fan and just like what are you gonna do? I'm like nothing I'm just very excited for all of those games in division, which I think it's what six or eight games Uh in in division between those two teams It will all exclusively be watched in person by millionaires There will be no way that anybody who yeah, you mean the warriors in the lakers. Yeah Yeah It's the warriors didn't already have enough celebrities and really at this point the or the lakers rather and the warriors as well It's like that that's that's the game to be court-side at Well, the lakers have been losing mindshare here to the clippers much to the laker fans chagrin They don't want my wife included don't want to admit it But people have been sort of like hey the clippers are pretty good. Steve balmers doing a good job with them So the lakers are you know, the lakers just swings that right back Yeah, the the lakers were you know young team this year and again I'm not a fan, but I'm not like a laker hater either. I don't really care either way once kobi was gone But uh, but but but it The you know the team already had quite a bit of promise, but like lebron coming to the team just Screws all of that. Now. It's just him and like who can support him if he doesn't get injured Yeah, what she never does. He's not human. He will eventually I you know, what is he 33 34? I mean This is a game ever But he will eventually he's not a robot. I mean sure like yes, I understand like that economic Proposal, I understand where you're coming from, but I've yet to see any kind of tangible This is just maybe and like he's a superhuman Might be a robot if he was actually a normal human he would get hurt eventually, but he might not But he might just play forever and just get better. Well, you know the rumor is That and he signed a longer contract But the rumor is that he wants to play until he can play with his son And his son is now just entering high school There is a rumor that Or now currently this is something we're discussing to eliminate the one and done rule meaning kids could come right out of high school like lebron did and that it would be a a lebron wants to play either in la with his son or Uh would go to whatever team drafted his son. He wants to play with his son I could see that That would be epic in a weird way but I don't know.  No, the Yeah, he's he's apparently really really really really good. Oh, well Well, how about that? Yeah I was also really really good at basketball on high school and had an opportunity to be drafted But I just decided to go to college instead Well, there's news and sports. We'll be back with weather for all of your local stations here On the good day internet radio network Good day


Hey everybody, welcome back to my Star Wars channel. Let's talk about the most exclusive gift card in all of Disney World We would be honored if you would join us Hey everybody, we're back here in Galaxy's Edge Walt Disney World, and I wanted to talk to you today about the Disney world gift card that's exclusively available in Galaxy's Edge, and of course you can pick this up in Disney Land in California As well as Disney World in Florida. This is the Batuan Spira and Originally, I believe it was available in gold and these last couple months Now it's been released in silver. I know in Disney World You're gonna find this only at the droid depot So you want to head into the droid depot as the place where all the R2 units are out in front the astromechs and then inside there Behind the counter you're gonna ask for the $100 gift card or the Batuan Spira It's it's a way for you to you know use currency Star Wars currency anywhere in Galaxy's Edge instead of handing them a credit card or cash and of course it's gonna work at any of the parks And so I was able to pick these up and that was one of the souvenirs I was looking for I will say that it's not a straight across exchange.  It's actually almost a hundred and seven dollars So you're gonna pay around six or seven dollars just for the little metal gift card but I think it's a cool souvenir it comes in this little black paper folder and You're gonna see that the writing there is an Arab ash and on the front it says may your deeds go Well, and then you open it up and then the gift card is inside there You can see that it says BSO on the card and that would be for black spire Outpost and yeah, we took these to Epcot We took them to Magic Kingdom and we were able to spend them no problem even even with Food vendors all the food carts. They were still able to scan this. It was a little smaller than I would have liked I wish it was bigger. I was kind of afraid that when my boys carried it They might lose it, but they both managed to hold on to theirs. And so that's really it I just want to let you know about this. I think it's a great souvenir. Not everybody will know about it Of course, it's a hundred bucks. That's the only way you can get it That's not available for less than $100. The good news is once the money is gone you can refill it with any amount that you like and I think we use the majority of this in Downtown Disney like when we were in downtown Disney when we were walking around Disney Springs We use this to pay for dinner one day. And so it was you know, it's that's the cool hundred bucks But the souvenir is even cooler. That's everything. That's all I wanted to say but to inspire available at the droid depot and I think you should pick one up if you were making your way down to Galaxy's Edge. May the force be with you guys I'll see you next time. Bye


Hello and welcome to the session. My name is Mansi and I am going to help you with the following question. The question says write the following decimals as fractions, reduce the fractions to lowest form. In this question we have to write the decimals as fractions and then we have to reduce the fractions to the lowest forms. So we see the A part 0.6. Now let us see the solution to this one. We see that 0.6 can be expressed as 6 by 10. If we divide the numerator and denominator of 6 by 10 by 2, we are left with 3 by 5. So our answer to A part of this question is that 0.6 in the fraction form is 6 by 10 and if we reduce the fraction 6 by 10 to the lowest form it is 3 by 5. This is our answer. Now we see the B part of this question that is 2.5. Let us see the solution to this one. First of all we see that 2.5 is same as 2 plus 0.5 and 2 plus 0.5 can further be written as 2 plus 5 by 10. 2 plus 5 by 10 can be further written as 20 by 10 plus 5 by 10. This is same as 20 plus 5 by 10 which is equal to 25 by 10 and this is the fractional form of the decimal 2.5. Now to reduce it to the smallest form we divide the numerator, denominator by 5 and we get 5 by 2. So our answer to B part of this question is 25 by 10 and 5 by 2. This is our answer to the B part. Now let us see the C part that is 1.0. We see the solution to this one. Now we see that 1.0 is same as 1 plus 0 by 10 which is equal to 1 plus 0 which is equal to 1. So our answer to this question is that 1.0 in the fractional form is 1 and its lowest form is also 1. Now let us see the D part that is 3.8. We see the solution to this one now. Now 3.8 is same as 3 plus 0.8 which is same as 3 plus 8 by 10 which is equal to 30 by 10 plus 8 by 10 which can be further written as 38 by 10. Now if we divide the numerator and denominator of 38 by 10 by 2 we get 19 by 5. So our answer to this question is 3.8 in the fractional form is 38 by 10 and its lowest form is 19 by 5. So this becomes our answer to this part. Now let us see the E part of this question that is 13.7. Let us see the solution to this one. Now we see that 13.7 can be written as 13 plus 0.7 which is equal to 13 plus 7 by 10 which is equal to 130 by 10 plus 7 by 10 which can be written as 137 by 10. Now if we divide the numerator and denominator of 137 by 10 by 1 we get 137 by 10. So we see that the reduced form of 137 by 10 is 137 by 10. It cannot be reduced further. So our answer to this question is that 13.7 in the fractional form is 137 by 10 and the reduced form is also 137 by 10. Now let us see the F part of this question that is 21.2. We see the solution to this one now. We see that 21.2 is same as 21 plus 0.2. 21 plus 0.2 is same as 21 plus 2 by 10 which is equal to 210 by 10 plus 2 by 10. This can be written further as 212 by 10. Now if we divide the numerator and denominator of 212 by 10 by 2 we get 106 by 5. So our answer to this question is that the fractional form of 21.2 is 212 by 10 and the reduced form is 106 by 5. So this is our answer to this part of the question. Now we see the G part of the question that is 6.4. Let us see the solution to this one. We see that 6.4 is same as 6 plus 0.4. This is equal to 60 by 10 plus 4 by 10. This is further equal to 60 plus 4 by 10 that is equal to 64 by 10. Now if we divide the numerator and denominator of 64 by 10 by 2 we are left with 32 by 5. So our answer to this part of the question is that the fractional form of 6.4 is 64 by 10 and the reduced form is 32 by 5. So I hope you understood the question and enjoyed the session. Have a good day.


Alright boys, CFM, we got a game tonight, week one. It's a new season. Some things you gotta know. YouTube, Twitch, some things we gotta know about CFM. Alright, this is the last season of Viking CFM until Madden 24. One, do you guys want me to play CFM from the jump in Madden 24? That's a yes or no question. Let me know in the comments, let me know in the chat. What do you guys think? Is it the move or just goes hardcore mutt 24-7? That's the question I got for YouTube, Twitch, everywhere. Man, if you want to watch your stuff live, it's on Twitch. Please like and comment. You guys have been riding around with the Vikings since we started with this terrible team and we've made them playoff contenders for sure. This is the last season. But anyway, so the last season has a little twist to it is that we can add any player from our franchise's history to our current team. So I'm the Vikings, it's kind of boring, but it's probably one of the best players we can add to CFM, it's Randy Moss. We're gonna add Randy Moss to our team. We'll take a look at them. I was not here for the off season. I had a huge family reunion. I did not do the draft. I got computer drafted. All we did was franchise tag Kyler Murray. Now, I don't know if that, let's take a look at it. We'll see. We'll see what happened in the off season. We're in week one. We'll see if my team is in absolute shambles. We'll see if I'm able to play. Sour Cap has gotten me, but we'll see. It's the last year. So I was like, I don't care about penalties. I don't care about what I gotta pay in next year because this last year, right? So let's see what we got boys. I mean, it's hard, it's kind of boring because it's a no brainer, right? We didn't have to think about it. Paul Kraus could have been a good add. Fran Tarkenton, Jared Allen, John Randall. There are Viking greats, but Randy Moss is just too great, you know? Here we go. We're playing against the Dolphins. Let's see my roster here. I think we'll be good. I think we'll be cool here. Kyler Murray, number one. Kyler Murray, we franchise tagged him. He's making a lot of money. Joe Mixon still here. We got some guy named Dean Bartle. We're just gonna cut this guy. I don't know why he's here. I said, this might be my rookie. Honestly, I did not do the draft. Maybe it is my rookie. Let's see what my rookies are here boys. Yeah, he's a rookie. Dean Bartle, 85 speed. Won't be playing on my team. Just taking up a roster spot right now. We can sign to anybody other than him. So let's see what we got here. Dean Bartle, fullback. We got nobody wide receiver. Tim Patrick, Randy Moss, 98 speed, 6-4. We'll mess with Randy Moss later. 98 speed, 6-4 Randy Moss. Jackson Smith and Jigba, Quezz Watkins. Randy is a 91 overall.  Definitely helping the team now. Now I don't know what we're doing now. It's a good question. Do we run these four wide receivers? Or do we keep fire move? Do we keep trotting fire move out there and bench Tim Patrick? I think four wide receivers might be the move. I don't know. I don't know if fire move has some value. We'll see what else we got. But we got fire move. It looks like we got some guy named Forbes, 84 speed, 6-6 tight end. Rookie, Alabama, 6-6, 84 speed. Is he the new fire move? Nelson, Willis, Reisner, Hennessey. We'll probably start. Still got Eric McCoy. We have a rookie right tackle, J-Quam Polk. Okay, 76 overall. Will Walker, we got him too. Defense, we got William Hillman, 77 speed. We lost our boy, Franklin Myers. We still got Derek Brown. We still got Dotson. We still, I think we're gonna use Greenlaw at defense event this year. I don't think he really has a lot of pass rush, but you know, we might be able to get that up to, oh, this little Lamar Baker is a rookie. Ooh, from Auburn, what do we think about this guy, boys? 81 finesse, decent 76 block shed. Maybe we can get this guy's superstar and make him my other DN. I like that. I like Lamar Baker. Middle linebacker, we have Jalen Smith somehow. I don't know how we got him, but we have him. Dubya. Other linebacker, DeMarco Johnson. Cornerbacks, you guys know my boys. Legerius Snead, Jamil Dean, Michael Oh, and Greg Jr., the lords. Free safety, William Jackson, Riley Moss. I think we lost our boy, Stevens. Amani Hooker. Jalen Smith might be tough. Draft picks doesn't matter. So we're looking pretty good. You know, I mean, we're looking pretty good this year, boys. What do we think? What would you guys do differently, my practice squad? I think we're looking strong right now. One, let's take a look at Randy Moss here. I went for a rookie Randy Moss. I was asked, do I want hair for Randy Moss? You know, not really looking like Randy Moss, but let's see what he got. We got to bring up a picture of rookie, rookie Randy Moss is the best Randy Moss. I mean, it's not the best, but it's like the best. I don't know.  Abilities, short in, short out. That's all we need, really. What do we do now on offense?  I can get a super. So I need a BN superstar. Is it Lamar Baker or is it Dre Greenlaw? I think it's Lamar Baker, boys. Also, another thing we can do is we got an age reduction. Who can we age reduce? That's worth it. Maybe Datsun. I don't know, boys. All right, so Baker, and this is the last thing we can do too. We can pay for plus five any archetype. So if I want to get him the 80 speed rusher already, that's going to help us a lot right there. Boom. He gets the 80 speed rusher already just like that. But he's not going to be able to get to like 90 speed rusher by the end of the year. He won't get that high. So I don't know, man. We got one season. It's not about the grind. It's about one year of grind and what abilities can help. I really feel like Greenlaw, I'll tell you, my who was running quarterback draw actually traded for Lamar Jackson. So we got to try to think about stopping Lamar Jackson. So he might help, you know what I'm saying? I would love Van Ness, but I couldn't trade for him. YouTube CFM week one, we went over to team. We went over everything. Last season of the CFM, like I said, comment should I play next year right away or wait again? You know, that's what we got to do boys week one. Here we go, here we go, here we go. Did you get murdered or you hurt me? If you guys are new here, I do got a Randy Moss on my team here. We were allowed to get one player that from your team's history. That was like one player from your franchise's history, one legend. This is where I should have. Kles, I can't catch that pass. Bro, we really can't, dude. Let's go, Michael O. Oh, I can't catch every pass right now, dude. Holy, man, come on, dude. Oh my God, this is a seven completions for 42 yards right now. Fumble, oh my God. Ready, ready. Do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do. Do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do. Oh my God, bro.  Hooker? Ah, that was the longest drive I've ever seen. How many plays was that? Like, swear to God, that was the long, I mean dude, round of applause to this guy.  Yes we do.   Dog, there's just no way we just... Man, I don't even know what happened. I honestly don't know how to... There's no way that's a completed pass. In any world, is that a completed pass, dude? You should definitely run, man. He's gonna score a touchdown here.  I don't know, I feel like this guy has just had to ball the entire game here.  I mean, that's an angle, Ralph.  Dotson. Oh my God, dude, like how do you get away with that?  Throw the touchdown pass. You got one in you. Off-trip, he's gonna auto booktrip slide in here. So we're gonna put our pass pressure on the right side. I don't know how, I don't know how. I just don't know how I have a...  That's a flat zone, an end zone. There's just nowhere near, like, I just hate that. He just threw the ball to two people, complete. Complete two defenders. Just threw right the ball right at him. And the next play touchdown. It's literally maddened, it's literally maddened. Next play touchdown. We get stopped because our two drags bump into each other. That's clutch right there, boys. It's big time ball right there, boys. Now you know the best part about this is now we gotta sit through his offense again for another 30 minutes here. Oh my God, dawg.  I can't lie. I do that, I put a...  Dude, I'm gonna be real. The one dude, like, I just, like, wish he was better is Derek.  D'youg, I do that so much. Where I just... Oh my God, I can't believe the league. The other thing, when you put a three-rack and it's just over the middle of the field and you can't see the nastiest thing in the world. Fumble. Ball, ball, ball, ball, ball, ball, ball. Let's go battle. Good shit, man. I mean, that dude went right through everybody.  Like, he just walked through every... Mouth never dies, boys. Mouth never dies, dude. Of course, while I run commit, I'm just on the one yard line for my life and DB Fire.  Why am I overthink it? I'm playing more on good job, good defense, bro. Mouth!  There we go, Brown. About time you ran over somebody.  You just gotta... I feel like such a d*** right on high, buddy. Like, how can we not throw that pass over, like... Man. Nice throw. Duh, my pass was f***ing... There's just no way this guy can step up this clean, dude. Like, we just got... Like, this Derek Brown, dude, gotta start pushing the f***ing pocket, dude.  Yeah, that was just a cool play, dude. Nice one to get you back in the f***ing game. It was just all f***ing day down to possessions, dude. Then, of course, he gets out the pocket. Dude, I'm just so tired of having no D-line, man. This s*** miserable, man. Oh, my d***, dude. This is the best spinner pass protection I've seen in my life, dude. I'm so tired of it, man. I want a D-line so bad, man. Just all day, man. Just steps up and... Derek Brown f***ing blows, man. Just goes back to baseline just screams and when you don't baseline the s*** just don't scream, bro. Just don't. Second down. Look at mixing! It's like, dog, you gotta be joking, man. This is a pitiful f***ing performance. Just pitiful. I mean, if I just high-bought at touchdown, it's 24-7, the game's over. This is in balance. Bad punt. Oh, that was a good punt. All right, 12 seconds, boys. What would you do in these situations? We're gonna play two men under here. There we go. We got some sheds right there. No, you don't send the house with 12 seconds in no time out. Send the house. What are you on? Well, Derek Brown, okay. It was Datsun, really. Like Quentin Nelson, if you help him, instead of doing that, we'll get Randy Moss for a f***ing touchdown right here. I mean, he's just getting good blocking here. The fact 77 can make this play here and get out there is just, that's good s***. Derek Brown went from the A gap to f*** all the way over to the left. I mean, that's actually just really good blocking. I mean, we had to highball this, boys. Like we had to highball this. I wanted the ball to be back in the dens on. I guess so. The reason why I don't highball is because maybe this guy will come knock it out if I jump in the air. Jesus, games are good, games are good.


All right. Thank you. Can everybody this is working? Okay, great Well, thank you very much for real-world crypto. This is one of my favorite events. I think my favorite event actually the year This is it's an honor for me to be back and I want to talk today about a project That's been brewing at Cloudflare for a few years now and and was released last year in 2017 It's a project that uses some interesting cryptography and it was Mostly done by Brendan MacMillian who didn't want to come up here. So I'm doing the presentation so the basic problem is Geographically distributed key management So what does that mean? Well first let's let me explain a little bit what Cloudflare is It's not a vendor pitch or anything just an explanation. Trust me. This helps that thing. I'll set things up So Cloudflare sits in front of websites and web services It blocks attacks it caches content there's something like seven million domains that use Cloudflare and Cloudflare situated all around the world. There's this is an old map, but there's a hundred and twenty nine locations or so and in order to do what Cloudflare needs to do in terms of caching and blocking content it It needs to terminate TLS. So if you are anywhere in the world, you can connect to a website it'll go to the closest Cloudflare node and you do your handshake and then It continues back to the website. So in order to To do that you need a TLS You need a private key and that means the private key has to be everywhere everywhere in the world and Not everyone is comfortable with the keys being everywhere and it's not just Russia I'm not gonna pick on them, but every every needs every need of every customers is different and I Mean just to be clear Cloudflare does not give out private keys to anybody really But that doesn't mean that customers are necessarily really comfortable with the private keys the keys to the kingdom for their websites being Anywhere in the world So there are a lot of other reasons you might want to limit where your keys are are going But you still want the benefit of a global CDN all around the world. So there's privacy regulations physical security general paranoia there are all these sort of things so What what do we really want to do to help these customers? Feel more safe. Well, first we want them to be able to choose where in the world their keys are kept and If we do this we want it to actually be something that we can deploy and something we can manage and something that actually fits into Cloudflare's Ecosystem something that works for now and works for the future. So that means fitting it into This engine we're not we're not gonna rewrite the way that data distribution in the network works at Cloudflare But let's look at the components that we have of the engine of Cloudflare to see what we have at our disposal for limiting access to keys and you can kind of think of this in terms of constraints and components one of the constraints is Legacy client software. We're not gonna change TLS. We're not gonna ship a browser We're not gonna change the way that people use the internet. It has to when you connect to Cloudflare It's regular HTTPS so In order to have keys in a different location and still terminate TLS. There's something called keyless SSL, which This map is not showing up at all, but imagine that somewhere in Europe So you need a private key to actually Continue to make a comp make a TLS connection. So you connect to Whatever the nearest connection is and there's only one part of the TLS handshake that actually needs a private key and you can actually put that somewhere else in this case in another country and During the handshake you do your your round trips in the handshake and then the call out to where the key is to do the Private key operation. So this is this is keyless SSL. It has a pretty severe latency cost Because network is pretty high latency. So Depending on where it is in the world This can add quite a bit of the connect quite a bit of time to your connection This is a single round trip, but you know, it's a viable cost. It's Cryptographically though colossal you saw how much it took for post quantum crypto algorithms earlier today What are the tools we have or what other components of the system? One is a provisioning system This is how cloudflare Configures the system configures all these machines that handle requests. There's a central provisioning system a template of the configuration that basically just takes whatever the name of the system is and Applies it to a template and you know shoots it out to where the where the system is and where this edge machine is There's no there's no real way to do a key registry These the number of machines changes a lot data centers are added every week Different machines are added to different data centers things are taken out. This is kind of a push-based provisioning system This is non interactive and it's really identity-based the only thing that you use in the configuration for templating is the name What else we have well, there's a globally synchronized database and this is how when you change your settings or Upload new keys to cloudflare. This is how it actually gets out to everywhere. There's this this kind of waterfall of Database replication that goes from a central place to regional masters to local masters to whatever this is This is very automated. It's it's anything that you do that. It's very interactive it changes but it is bandwidth limited and You can kind of think of it as a as a broadcast mechanism So stepping back and saying okay, what what do we have at cloudflare? We want to build some sort of way to limit access to keys. We're not rebuilding the engine But we have this kind of identity based Provisioning system this broadcast database of keys and this high latency fallback. How do we solve this? with cryptography Well looking back into the world Symmetric cryptography. This has been around since antiquity one-way functions We can kind of evolve to asymmetric cryptography things from the 70s and whatnot And you know 21st century cryptography pairing base crypto. There's there's a lot of tools in your tools toolkit You can go all the way to fully homomorphic. Yeah, we're not gonna go that far. That's that's a that's a bridge too far so what one of the interesting tools in this set of Options cryptographically is is identity based encryption which has three Main pieces where you have a public key This is a piece of information you can use to encrypt data to a given identity and the identity is just a string There's a master key. This is used to provision private keys to Identities and then the private key itself Great thing about this is it allows encryption to identities Even if they don't have their key yet, they haven't been registered in the system. It's it's a sort of preset and Kind of visually you can think of identity based encryption In this sort of way you have a master key. You have an extract phase You have private keys you send them to the participants. This may be a familiar diagram and For identity based encryption for decryption Or for taking content and and encrypting it you have your public key You encrypt it to a name and then you have this cipher text You can send it to anybody you want but only the person with The private key associated with that name can decrypt it So identity based encryption was proposed by Shamir in the 80s But it really wasn't realized as a fully functional thing until Bonnet and Franklin in 2001 and uses a mathematical Tool called bilinear pairings So I I can go deep into this if we want to and and I think we do it's real-world crypto Let's at least cover what we need to to understand this so Typically it's two groups to additive groups and you have a function that goes from these two groups to Another group typically a multiplicative group and it has this nice property if you can find a pairing That's easy to execute has this property where it's linear in both inputs Which has some interesting properties? particularly it allows you to solve Diffie-Hulman in either of the two pre-image groups from solving it in the in the destination group so for one example of this is is super singular curves if you have Super singular curve you can create this pairing that that sends the group elements of these curves to a finite field so you typically you have elliptic curve group or a subgroup of elliptic curve going to a finite field and this leads led to things like the MOV attack and and if you have an efficient pairing you can do identity-based encryption and the first one of which was By Bonnet and Franklin this is from the they pairing so identity-based encryption as as a tool can be generalized and If you have pairings you have efficient pairings that you can use There's the idea of identity-based broadcast encryption, which is a very simple generalization This is proposed by Delara Blay This is kind of a reformulation of this concept of multi receiver ID base key encapsulation by Nigel smart and other other folks, but generally it lets you encrypt to a set of identities up to a Maximum size and we call that parameter k and if you set k equals 1 that is identity-based encryption So it's kind of a broader generalization of that you can encrypt to a set of people up to k or set of set of identities On the converse of that there's a concept called identity-based revocation and with that you can encrypt data to every identity minus a Certain selected subset up and up to k and this is also very very similar to identity-based encryption or a concept of broadcast encryption where you can revoke particular people from a Cypher text that has been kind of sent out so Two pretty good examples of identity-based broadcast encryption and identity-based revocation Are from these two papers they were Delara Blay and another is another construction from a Bunch of other folks at Trapeze and Lieber to pan a few. Yeah, exactly There's a there's a bunch of folks who who worked on this and made different formulations based on pairings to do IBBE and IVR and things like this, but the interesting part of this construction is that The Cypher text size is actually constant so up into it as long as You have set k in advance and set your parameters. You can encrypt to any number of identities Whether they've registered in the system or not doesn't matter in the same way as identity-based encryption the Cypher text size is going to be constant for both of these constructions and The second one was built in Was demonstrated as part of a build up to a more complex attribute based encryption scheme so these these use pairings and What sort of pairing should we use? Well? Common group common type of pairing that you can use is based on what are called a bread o'nary curves and this is a specifically chosen curve and in pairings there's g1 and g2 and they map to gt in this case you have a specifically chosen elliptic curve over a finite field a prime finite field and this the second group is you can take an Sort of a 12th extension the elliptic curve over the 12th extension field of finite fields one of the cool optimizations is they you can map that down to a curve over fp2 which is a lot smaller more compact you can do some operations a lot quickly and send it over fp12 so using the the optimal eight pairing you can have how it use these these curves and And you have a nice pairing you can construct both of these constructions using this and In particular one of the curves that is commonly used is is called bn 256 and it says here 128 bit security level There's a little star there. I'll I'll talk about that in a second, but generally even if you you don't need you don't really need to know all the details about this but But the first group is essentially 32 bytes 64 bytes 192 bytes you have a function that goes from the first two to the end and recently there's been some advancements in the number field sieve algorithm for solving Diffie-Hulman in Fp12 and as I mentioned earlier if you can solve Diffie-Hulman in the destination group It lets you solve Diffie-Hulman in the source group So this lowered the security somewhat to somewhere in the 90-bit range, but generally Bn 256 is is is rather solid. It's well known And there's a go implementation Cloudflare uses quite a bit of go by Adam Langley Brendan McMillian on our team did some assembly a speed up for this specific implementation to get a 10x speed up but the important thing to know is computing one of these pairings is is Slow cryptographically if you're comparing it to classic crypto algorithms But compared to network times, it's actually pretty comparable thinking of you know a round trip between two places within within Switzerland it's it's rather comparable so Stepping back a second we have this idea of identity-based broadcast encryption identity-based verification We have this nice curve setting that's Been been used for several years We can combine those together and build a sort of practical IBBE and IVR scheme and The key this parameters look like this. They the public key and the private key They scale linearly with the size of the set that you're using but the ciphertext itself is rather Small 192 2 bytes and this is constant So it doesn't matter how many elements you put up to K into who you're the destination is you can You can still use these constant size ciphertext. So How does this apply to key management? It feels like we've gone on a tangent, but we really haven't we've really been describing several constructions that map pretty well with the way that the architecture of cloud flare systems are designed so Um Considering that you have this IBR and IBBE schemes This is how theorized simplified version of geo key manager could work. So every location in the world it or every physical location of 129 locations of cloud flare would be provisioned a private key so the associated with its name and Then a customer could say hey, I want my TLS key only in Zurich in New York or you can say I want it everywhere except the United States for example and then we would encrypt the TLS key to the name of these locations using one of these two schemes and Send it out through our distribution mechanism and then when a connection comes in we would either Use the local identity based key to decrypted and you know finish the TLS handshake And you can cash that and use it for subsequent requests Or you would use keyless SSL to connect to whatever the nearest location that actually has access to this key So this is this kind of makes sense. This is this is something that that'd be nice to use It's maybe not as flexible as we'd like it to be Because the network is growing you have 129 data centers now We want this system to work when there's a thousand data centers and we don't want any sort of manual intervention So one kind of wrinkle that you can put in here that these these kind of semantics that you'd want would be You could somebody can choose to put their keys in multiple locations and also have a kind of default for New locations that are added for different regions and you also might want to blacklist specific locations So if you know you want everything in the United States, but you don't like Kansas City You can do something like that So because the networks is growing you we want something really flexible And this is where key encapsulation comes in this is where Geo key managers the real new parts of it are is that you can combine these three Or I guess you can combine the an IBBE scheme and an IBR scheme with just some simple key splitting So you have a key encryption key say you're somebody uploads a TLS private key you encrypt it encrypted with this key encryption key and you can split this into two and one for the region that you're white listing for and one for the region that you're blacklisting and And you basically have an overlay so you need to have to be both be in the region that you're allowed and not be in the specific location that's blacklisted and To get a white listed location that's out of a region that you're default off for You can just simply take the key the key encryption key and just Identity-based broadcast encryption to these extra white listed locations and and combining these three you actually get the desired semantics that you need Fitting this into the real system that we use you have a provisioning server This is this is the setup phase and you have the master keys for both the IBBR and I be oh, sorry IBBE and IBR scheme and When you provision each of these new machines you extract the private keys and and send them down and when someone uploads their private TLS key you can then wrap it with these various key encapsulation mechanisms and Send that down the pipeline and this will replicate all through the system and none of these intermediate nodes will be able to Decrypt this data Along the way and even the master database will not be able to decrypt this data and visually you can kind of imagine it like this you have half the key in and your white listed regions are the u.s In EU and you don't want these two specific cities. I can see there Yeah, Dallas in London for some reason, but you do want your keys in Sydney and Tokyo, so combine these together and You can't see the background, but so if anyone were to visit any of these gray pops group gray locations that are outside of these regions You would connect to there and you would do keyless SSL to whatever the closest Network node is so we have this this network where pair-wise we have a long-lived connection between every single location and You look at the key see where it's available and go to that place If you're actually in a location that has access to that key you just use the key encapsulation mechanism decrypt it and go there so Because there's pairings involved People typically say you can't deploy pairings. They're too slow. They're not really That useful, but when you compare the time as I mentioned to Network latency it actually isn't that big of a deal if you're worried this much about where your keys are this this hit Is is something that you can Occasionally take so this is beta this beta for this is live. There are over 50 customers that are using this something like a hundred to two hundred requests per second are being used through this new keyless SSL distributed key mechanism and we have cryptographic enforcement and Compatibility so We've deployed this sort of thing but what I described earlier was a slight simplification When you're building a hybrid crypto system You think you have the outer layer and you have the inner layer and in the system that I described the outer layer here is this Brilliant kind of identity-based system and you're wrapping this basic symmetric key inside of it So the thought was you know we're doing a lot of these pairing operations at least one per private key per location and Probably per machine in each location can we do better is there a way to do a better type of encapsulation and One way to do that is to have a three layer hybrid scheme So you have your identity base scheme and then inside of it You wrap a public key base scheme and the inside of that you wrap your symmetric scheme so The details here I Can kind of walk through this but essentially When you have a certain configuration that says you know These are the ten locations that are white listed or these are the ten locations that are black listed you create these sets of key encapsulation mechanisms in what I described before this is you know a Symmetric key that's like a yes or something like this that split three ways in this case what you're encapsulating is a Diffie-Hellman private exponent, so the interesting thing about this is once you've computed for first given configuration the this set of configuration These set of key encapsulations you only have to have the public values.  That's just arbitrarily generated you Essentially do a key exchange with your configuration So every time that you have a new key you generate your key encryption key this way so You can wrap it with the private key and you have this kind of Diffie-Hellman type of situation in that You in this case, it's a plus p you're kind of rather than key splitting by taking a symmetric key and X soaring it You're using exponents in the Diffie-Hellman case And for your whitelisted region the one that is not actually Key split you do this key escrow business where rather than doing a key exchange You you you do a key exchange and then you just encrypt the key key encryption key so The nice thing about this is that once it's actually distributed You only have to do a pairing for once for every configuration So if it's very common that people say I want my keys everywhere except for Moscow Then you know that really you only have to do a pairing once for any particular key that uses this even though They're they're wrapped differently so Given this and given this this mechanism right here You have a very configurable way to Distribute keys using this broadcast mechanism and it's been working for us and it's been live in production for a little while and That's it here are some references. Thank you very much We have lots of time for questions Thanks Nick so one of the Features you generally want out of a broadcast encryption scheme is that two people that can't on their own get the secret can't work together to get the secret and It seems to me you lose that when you do your splitting between the share one and share two So in your example for example If you have the man that the second one or the original one the map Yeah, that this one. Yeah, right. So if London so London will get share one, but not share two and Moscow can read share two, but not share one and So London and Moscow working together Could get the key now it may not matter in your system because you don't treat your Your right. I think the presence as adversarial, right if there's a compromise in both London and Moscow I think that's that's kind of worse. Oh, yeah, yeah Okay, yeah, it doesn't really fit into this model because each each location is is not considered adversarial as you said It's it's a an independent location. I Have a question actually speaking of adversarial points of presence So Microsoft has been fighting this case about a search warrant from the US in a data center in Ireland and I guess it's going to the Supreme Court and I was wondering if you had any thoughts about the interaction between this kind of system and and what the United States government is doing Yeah, so so one of the one of the reasons I guess this I don't know how well this has been borne out in court, but One of the reasons that this is built the way it is is so that it's actually cryptographically impossible to Access a key in one of these locations that it's chosen not to talk to be in this is it's cryptographically enforced so For a court of law to say this key is in my country. You can make a pretty strong argument that it actually isn't it's actually something that is Indiciferable that's that's actually in in the country. So despite the fact that you're broadcasting the same information everywhere Because the keys to decrypt that information is are not everywhere It's it's a lot stronger than having say like an access control mechanism like a look like a white list or a black list and say Like can you access this yes or no? I don't know how well that type of argument would hold up in legal scenarios, but At the very least It's it's cryptographically sound Hope that hope that helps Protect the master key and in which country that is held. Yeah, so the master key is There's actually a pretty big difference between the This part right here where someone uploads their keys and it gets put into this database This can is it's sort of we have to lock that down It's ephemeral versus like the master secret which lets you encrypt things for the rest of the world in this case Actually, you don't actually have to have live decryption data, but Then there's this piece where the master keys right now. They're in a location. That's a lot more locked down than the rest of cloudflare's network, so Essentially you have different levels of access to different machines and different administrative domains and this is in the most lockdown administrative domain that we have Are there any questions from the invisible microphone upstairs looks like no, okay? So if there are no more questions, let's thank Nick again