All right, so we're about to begin an interview with Heather Bruce Vitch the interviewer, as usual, will be William McCrack. It is November 26, 2015 and we are in St. John's, Newfoundland. So, let's begin. So, can you please state your full name? Heather Bruce Vitch? Can you please state your age? 56. And where were you born? St. John's, Newfoundland. And what did your parents do as a child? My dad was a sales rep, presented a manager of sales, and my mom was the homemaker for the most part, although she had a daycare in her latter years. I was a reader. I was always involved in public speaking and I was from a big family, so I'm one of seven and actually, when I was growing up, we didn't have as many organized activities, so really, with six brothers and sisters, we basically, I lived quite close to a park and we played outdoors. When I was a child, just a little bit of everything, I think, yeah, just typical kids books. And did you, was there ever a point, as a child, that you were at school when you were young? Were you interested in school of sciences or No, in actual fact, I was always interested in languages and so it's ironic that I would end up in a mining career. French and English, I really like to write, so English was a favorite and I was always fascinated with the fact that people could speak a different language and because of the proximity to the French islands of Saint-Pierre-Miquelon, I had traveled there and so was quite interested in learning the second language. So what did you do after high school? I actually went to Memorial University without a real idea as to what I wanted to do, but thinking that French was a great subject, so perhaps I'd pursue a degree in French. Spent a year in Trois de Vierre and a year in Stoutini and then came back into my last year at Memorial University and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts with a major in French. So any, I guess, quite often in University, that's where you discover yourself and realize what you thought you liked and sometimes that changes. Did that do, did that at the University have any impact on you in terms of changing your perspective? I think it did in the sense that I knew that I wanted to work with people. I was more clear that I really wanted to work with people. I wanted something, I think with an arts degree because it's general and you touch a little bit of everything. It gave me a sense that that's what I wanted to do in life. I wanted to touch a little bit of everything and so I guess I wanted to be a generalist without knowing what that term really meant. I wanted to be a generalist rather than a specialist and I think the language just opened up the fact that I think I realized how much I wanted to travel. So sort of a career with a little bit of travel and a little bit of use of the French language. My first job, my real first job was with the R&R company of Canada and I think the interesting thing of how I ended up there is that I was actually, in my last year of university, I was teaching French as a second language to what I would have called grown-ups. I was about 20 years old at the time and they were all professionals in St. John's area and one of them happened to be a recruiter for IOC for the R&R company of Canada. And so as I was getting closer to graduation, not knowing exactly what I was going to do, I said to them, if any of you here have a job, you know, that might be of interest, please give me a call. Lo and behold, I took the summer off and in September the interviewer from IOC called and said there's a job in Labrador City and having never been there, I thought Labrador, I think that's Igloos and lots of snow and said I don't really know and he went on to describe, they were looking for a second language teacher in the mining company to teach employees because they have a facility, we still have of course a facility in Sitzel, Quebec and our mining operations in Labrador City. So I was offered the position to teach employees French as a second language. That was my first job in Labrador City. So how was that? It was a really big transition. I grew up in St. John's, Lab City, Wabush, which is now called Labrador West is about, you know, 13,000 people combined, so it was very small and I missed family and the first time, the first year or two, I really wasn't sure I was going to stay, but people were very friendly, so the weather really wasn't anything to be worried about. You know, I sort of got used to the snow and the cold fairly quickly, people were great. We always say the weather is cold, but the people were warm, so that was helpful and then over time I just became very interested in the work and really committed to sort of the company and enjoying the company and then just grew a bigger network of friends and decided to stay. 25 years, 25 years. So I've actually spent about half my life in St. John's and about half in Labrador West. I was just curious, it must take a while just to get to Labrador West. Did you always buy? It's a milk run, so unfortunately it takes about three and a half hours, a direct flight's about two. And when I joined first and up until about 2000, we had a company aircraft, we had a couple of company aircrafts in the real good days, so we take the company plane and it'd be about two hours. I didn't think it was always a direct flight. That's better than I thought. I guess it's 25 years and about two. So I know now, I mean we work with new resources, so when was that transition or what was next after your second... So I joined in 1980, which was actually a really volatile time for the iron ore company, for the iron ore market, which is again where we are today in 2015. So the position was actually became redundant after a couple of years and I was asked if I was interested in a position in public relations in Sattile. And of course the advantage of having a French language meant that I could function in French. So I relocated to Sattile for a year. The iron ore industry continued to do significant downsizing and I was laid off. So I came back to St. John's for a couple of years, my parents were still here and I came back for a couple of years and worked with federal government and I worked with Revenue Canada. But again, keeping the French language, I was their language retention coordinator. So for the employees who were bilingual, I helped them maintain their skills. And I was really interested in leadership development. So I started to sort of do some volunteer work within the taxation center in terms of leadership development training, just as a little bit of a side. And then the next thing I knew I transferred back with Employment and Integration to Labrador West. I had met my husband and I wanted to go back and I went back as a bilingual employment counselor. Did that for a couple of years, got married, had a couple of children. Really began to enjoy as a family the smaller community because all the advantages of a smaller community when you're raising children are just wonderful. And IOC asked me in 1990 if I was interested in coming back and I came back as the superintendent of government relations. And interestingly enough, I said, interestingly enough, my first reaction was no thank you. I got laid off before. The mining industry is cyclical. I want something that's more life long. In those days, you took a job for life long, unlike what most people do today. Sure. And IOC said, oh no, you really have to think about this. And I went back in, I met with a number of colleagues and I was an automatic guest. I mean, I just, you know, just the atmosphere within the company and the energy and the commitment was a great place to work. Tell me a bit about that. That sounds interesting. So I primarily was responsible for provincial and municipal liaison on major files. It could have been anything from environment to apprenticeship, sort of quite a wide range. And I did quite a bit of travel back and forth to St. John's was luckily able to balance home and work. Quite well because I'd often take my children on the plane and bring them home here to grandparents while I do my work. So that was an added advantage for sure. I was the first female superintendent hired at the company. So that was quite an honor within IOC and continued to use my French quite a bit with my counterparts in Sattile. Did that for a couple of years and then moved in on to the leadership development and training side of HR. Design and delivery of training really enjoyed that. Got to meet across section of employees, worked with, at that time we co-facilitated, you could have been an hourly or staff person. We co-facilitated a lot of training based on your strength as an individual, not your job title. So that was a lot of fun. So I might have had the vice president of operations working with me to deliver time management or I might have had a journey personal electrician. And so that was really kind of cool because we were doing a lot of cross-training and it was more about the role models than the sort of formal pieces of the education as your background. Did that for a couple of years and then I guess then the next move was into manager of HR for Labrador City in Sattile. And then I had responsibility for recruiting organizational effectiveness, labor negotiations, comp and benefits, so really the full HR portfolio. Did that for about I guess about almost 10 years and again used my French constantly because it was back and forth between Labrador City and Sattile. A couple of rounds of labor negotiations which was certainly a learning experience. United Steel Workers were at the union at IOC, had never done labor negotiations before. So that was certainly an experience. I mean typical IOC is to give you great development and training. So we were sent off to Harvard to do the training for interest-based negotiations which was quite an exciting opportunity. But thought we would change the world and came back and realized it isn't quite as easy as that. It was quite a challenge. We had work stoppages in both rounds of negotiations. But certainly a great way to learn the business, a great way to learn people. And a great way to learn how to influence because there is equally as much negotiating probably with your management team as there is with your union team in terms of what are the priorities and what does the business really need. So it was a very good learning experience. And was there any project or have you been dysfunctional or just unsuccessful? I guess I don't know if there is anything in particular in terms of a particular project. I mean I think you know when you go through so much the cyclical nature of our business just means that you are continuously in a change management mode. And so I think you always look back and think oh what could we have done differently here. How could we have perhaps moved things along more quickly. But I think for the most part it's been pretty productive. I'll ask the different two. What would you consider to have been one of the most difficult parts of your career? Oh certainly it would be the negotiations. So I was new to negotiations. It was a wonderful opportunity given to me by VP who was very close by to coach. My counterpart in Satil was equally new to the process. We were looking to make some dramatic changes in the business. And I'll just give you a quick example. We were looking to take a wide range of roles and compress them into some broader occupations to allow for more flexibility in the business. That was very different. We were looking to introduce what would be a performance assessment type of tool for hourly employees. Not something that we've seen quite often in the industry. And differentiation is very different from sort of union's mandate if you will. So some very tough negotiations successfully completed but very tough. And when you're in a small town in a role like that it becomes challenging because your neighbors are often times people who have to make a feeling to have to take sides through those periods. And so yeah so it can be tough. And at the same time if you understand the real business rationale while you're doing it it helps a little. I had mentioned you were the first woman to become superintendent for the company. Yes. Now speaking of women how absent or pleasant were they for your career? And I mean you were through the natural resources so. Yeah in the early days certainly very few. I would say that you know when I started back in 1980 if you sat around a table I was likely the only female for quite a number of years. And then we had a few supervisors and we actually had a couple of trades people and a couple of laborers quite early. But in terms of the management employees not a loss. That has certainly changed. IOC now has about 20 percent females and rising quickly. And in the mining industry I would say the numbers are still fairly low. I think it's I think the national average is somewhere around 13 percent 12 13 percent. So certainly not near where it needs to be. But it is growing quickly. And as a woman were there ever and maybe more common earlier on but were there any experiences or times in your career where it was made obvious that women weren't as prominent in that industry. No I have to be honest. Right from the beginning I was quite comfortable. And I know that there were earlier days prior to my arrival sort of in the early 70s when women first started to come into the workforce that they may have experienced some different things than I did. But no I felt very comfortable from the beginning and to be honest with you. And you know I mean I would say to you that certainly from time to time you run across someone who perhaps thought that you should still be at home in the house. But I don't think that's any different from today you're still going to run into an odd person like that. But for the most part it was really you know if you could do the job well you did the job well and really it was the gender wasn't a huge issue. Thank you. Now as a now now working for HR would you still consider one of the biggest challenges to have been the negotiations or now at the new title? Well my role now is actually director communications and external relations. And when we spoke I was actually I did have the HR portfolio so I'll just clarify. So five years ago we decided in late 2010 we decided to open the office in St. John's. We were in a growth mode and obviously when you're in a growth mode there's a lot of interaction particularly with government. And so we decided to open this office to strengthen our relationship with particularly the provincial government. Great opportunity for me to move back home. My children were raised my husband was retiring I still going to work so wonderful way to combine both my own experience and come back a little bit closer to my original home. And I travel back and forth now because I have municipal government and community as well for Labrador West. We open the office and we were very successful I would say to you in the last in so sort of 2011-2012 in strengthening our relationships with the external stakeholders. Now we're in a very different position. It's very tough times in the R&R industry. The price is very low. It's very competitive. We've had to make some really tough decisions in the last year. And the external piece was a little less required and we needed much more focus on the internal in order to sustain the business. So I actually went back into for 2015 and managed to help out in both roles. So I did HR and did the communications and external relations piece as well. And just in the last week or so and moving back full time into communications and external relations. Now working relations in a natural resource company are there. I mean you haven't necessarily worked HR in different industries and sectors but are there like signature challenges that come with dealing with working HR for natural resources? Certainly I think so. I mean if you think about communications first of all the ability to communicate whatever the messaging is. You have people on machinery. You have people in plants.  They're not all easy accessible. So trying to cascade important messaging and you know business basics is often a challenge. And even though we have the technology of the iPads and you know and cell phones and things sometimes parts of the plant or parts of you know if you're operating a piece of machinery it's not practical or safe to be doing it that way. So that's one of the challenges. The fact that we operate 24-7. And particularly as we move into not just increased women but increased appearance you know who need to be at home or who. So daycare for example. Daycare for a 12 hour shift is one thing. Daycare for a 24 hour shift is a completely different thing. So there are some unique challenges. It is remote. And oftentimes we are able to recruit one of you know if there are two partners we can recruit one into the business. But because it's a small region and a small area the question is can the second person find that same career opportunity. And so you know in the good old days I think companies were able to create jobs for that second person. Those good old days are long gone. And so that's another one I think that is unique in terms of probably not just mining but remote and generally mining is a remote and they come together. And yeah this would be an interesting perspective to not necessarily as someone who is working in the lab for the mills. But do you think there is a disconnect between the general population and the natural resources for Canada? I don't believe people understand the value that it brings. Certainly I think that because you don't visit the mine because they are often in remote locations people don't get to see what the day to day jobs are. And so I think for that reason it's often an overlooked opportunity for career choices. And there is a terrific amount of automation for example now as well in mining. And so gone are the days when you know people sort of typically they would have pictured the underground miner with the light on the hash. And you know we now have autonomous trucks for example in some of our operations in Australia. We have you know certainly we're using drones to do satellite imaging in the mine. So it's a completely different place even then when I started. But even when I did start we had some terrific opportunities as career choices that I think would not have been known to many people who would not have visited a mine site. Part of the challenge over the years and certainly as part of the CIM and some of the mining promotional work we've done is to try and bring the mine as best we can to conferences. And so things like mining matters which is a terrific educational tool and form through our local CIM we try to do as many interactive displays as we can. So again what we always joke about is we're bringing the mine to St. John's every fall versus bringing the miners or people to the mine. And a couple of years ago we had a promotion IOC had a promotion where we did a contest and we allowed school children to apply and we actually flew them up with the teacher to site to get a first hand look at the mine. Loved it absolutely loved I think the teacher loved it as much as the kid I think he was I think was a kid in the teacher. Yeah but you're very right I don't think most kids realize they understand roughly that there's mining and what a miner does but the countless jobs around that. Well if you think about you mentioned lab I mean there's terrific you know chemists there's chemists and there's that piece of it there's statistical analysis there's all your regular IT finance all those jobs that support any kind of a business that are you know that are generic. And then you have you know the actual operations of the mine itself the mine engineers for example the metallurgists in the plants. We have a full occupational health and safety group so we have everything from a hygienist to a you know to safety safety advisors. What has been your most important work with stakeholders. I would say there's certainly been a lot of a lot of variety one of the ones that I've certainly enjoyed is worked over a number of years to to develop and facilitate a women in mining form in the province and which was held here in St. John's we did that for five years and we have we brought women from across the province in a variety of occupations and have been present school groups. And groups of interest and that grew from I believe the first year might have been about a hundred people attend up until I think it was seven or eight hundred the last year so that was terrific. And we also we also provided a booklet to the schools that showed career choices for women in mining along with sort of the educational requirements for typical salary range. So again that was a really rewarding project for sure from a from a women in mining perspective from a general perspective we have in Labrador City created two community forms since 2010. One we call a community advisory panel which really is the grassroots leaders of the community and we work together collectively on on things like recruiting and environment and homelessness. And then what we found when that was up and running a number of years. We really needed a more senior group who could commit kind of the funding for some of these things so it was great to have a group who could come up with some of the ideas but we needed the money and we needed the the stronger influence in terms of a higher level. So we organized a group called the regional task force and that actually is really creative in that it brings together municipal federal and provincial players. Quebec as well because nearby Fillmore Quebec which is Arcelor Mattel have been involved the town has been involved and we have deputy ministers sitting on that assistant deputy ministers. And so really it's a regional committee which began together looking at growth. And as I said to you in the last year and a half has really completely switched focus to issues like sustainability and are now looking at things like potential regionalization of services such as fire services because the whole community of the whole region to communities three communities has changed significantly. So that that has been really rewarding because it's brought together people from a whole variety of backgrounds who have a common a common vision who developed a common vision and are really working toward achieving it. Yeah you just mentioned sustainability. It's something that you see not just because she used to see kind of companies hire from the outside to build a sustainability or stakeholders. But now it's more and more it's become a must have for each company. Definitely. And I think the interesting thing is that we all learn from each other. So you know in this past year it's been very difficult and very challenging as I said to you. But one of the things we've drawn on more than ever is our stakeholders and asked for their support and support might be in terms of financial. But the term but the support might also be in terms of just helping us to to to get others to understand you know what what the nature of the business is about and what the market is about. And so in other words they're an extension they're almost ambassadors if I can say it that way to helping us you know get better understanding of a situation. Now the next question may seem loaded but there's there's no wrong answer. It just seems like a broad question but really it's whatever you do. So it's it's in your opinion are there any events people inventions disasters anything really that you must be mentioned when discussing the natural resources. I don't know if there's anything that comes to mind in terms of a particular event. I think though that what comes to mind is how far we've come from when I began in 1980 to today. In terms of in terms of just in terms of the whole the whole social you know the social environment the sustainability of the mind. I think that you know it was always very short term thinking and I think that now it's certainly it's certainly not. I think the whole safety health and environment well I would say health safety environment and communities. That whole you know that was sort of a you know in the early days safety was really the one branch that we looked at. I think from a mining industry now we you know those those four areas are covered very well by the majority of businesses and are really deemed to be a part of your social license to operate. So they're not a nice to have their equally as important as the operating metrics. So when we sit around a table and I just don't think that's unique to IOC I think in the mining industry in Canada when when executives are sitting around the table they're not just talking about production. They're talking about health safety environment and communities and the roles they play. So I think while I can't think of something that sort of brought us to that I believe that a variety of events over the years have brought us to that where that is now just part of everyday dialogue within within the mind and business. And I think that's really wonderful because it's taken us to a very much more responsible place and it's exactly where our communities want us to be. It's where our stakeholders want us to be. Our employees are just as interested in us being environmentally responsible as are the regulators. And so I think that's I think that's progress. Do you think that's come from the stakeholders? I think it's come from the stakeholders. I think it's come from awareness. I think it's come from increased education. It's bad points to some degree. It comes from that certainly social media plays a role again a good and a bad part sometimes but it certainly plays a role in terms of people's expectations and people's exchange of information. So I think it's been a it's been a healthy a healthy transition. Thank you. We'll just go into a few last questions. This again might seem like general one I can split it into what what are you proudest of in life and I could say in life and also professional. Proudest in life is that for some reason when I was 21 and just starting my career I decided that family were number one. Career was number two real close number two but there'd never be a question. And so I've been really lucky to have traveled extensively to have a great family and have a great career that I'm now in my 29th year. And honestly I enjoyed as much as I did when I started when I was 21. That comes from having a great family a great support a great support system. It comes from having some great bosses over the years. But I think it also comes with for whatever reason having a real clear understanding of what you want out of life and then not deviating from that. So that's been really wonderful from a personal perspective. From a work perspective I have I would like to say to you that one of my strengths is coaching. And what I had a great VP a number of years ago who was coaching me who actually helped me move into the labor side when I was very hesitant to do so. It looked pretty overwhelming. And he was great at helping you to stretch your boundaries. And I remember saying to him what do you like most about your job he was about 15 years at that point as a VP of HR. And he said I love to watch people develop and go beyond the comfort zone. And I would say to you it's really interesting but that is what I love about my job. And so I have the opportunity lots of times to help coach. I've done a lot of recruiting of junior engineers and I ran the graduate program for a number of years. And so a lot of that was mentoring. And I continue to do mentoring in a variety of ways. And the most rewarding part is to actually see some of the young people develop to be very strong leaders in the organization and beyond the organization. And to them watch them go ahead and go on to mentor and coach others. I think that's the most rewarding part. You just mentioned a while ago the CIM. Are there any organizations you're part of? Yes I am. I'm currently a member of CIM but I'm actually the president of Mining NL. So the Mining Association for Newfoundland and Labrador. First I want to say yes. First female president. So again that's kind of cool. And I'm certainly enjoying that. It's been a tough couple of years because we have a great board and we have a great executive director. But you know again it's a tough time to be in the mining industry but we're continuing to pull together and continuing to move ahead as best we can. We're looking at a great innovation conference early in the new year. And that's partly to sort of say to the membership yes it's a tough time. But you know we have to keep growing and innovation is a key part of the success in any business going forward. So let's look at what mining can do in terms of making themselves more competitive. So we're looking forward to some top notch speakers to do that early in the new year. So from a mining industry and L perspective we're working on that as one of our challenges. Yeah unlike what many people say or used to say that mining is a sunset industry. It's so much innovation. It's really rewarding and interesting to see. And again I'll say to you one of our Australian operations actually operates a control center in Perth which really controls what's happening in the mines in some very remote areas within Australia. And we're now looking at doing something similar in Labrador West. And we've just begun our operations excellent center. It's amazing and I think the other interesting the fun thing is that it's going to be allow a number of employees to upskill. So there are a number of employees who have jobs that for which you know after a while they become fairly routine and so the chance to introduce new technology into their jobs I think is going to be really well appreciated. One last question. If you were speaking to someone like a student you would just say you'd like to mentor and coach. What would be the one important life lesson or piece of advice you would give them? Resilient. You have to be resilient. You have to be resilient. You know what I've seen since 1980 to 2015 in IOC and within the mining industry. You have to be able to roll with punches. You have to be able to move as change requires. You just have to keep adjusting. So yes there are good times and there are the bad times. The good times, bad times. If you're a person who can't handle the gray or the ambiguity which was a word I remember at one time looking at it in a job hosting and I didn't know really what the word meant and I looked it up and thought oh I'm very good at that. So if you can't live in the gray zone mining I don't think mining is the place. If you like never knowing what's going to happen the next day and you can roll with punches I think mining is a great opportunity for anybody in any sort of block of life whether it's science, resources, technology. What are a few of your examples of the grays? Well I think again we went through a growth period and opened this office and within two years and staffed up and within two years we were taking 50% of the workforce from this office and unfortunately making redundant and heading into a survival mode. So that's a pretty tough and as a community liaison with your stakeholders you're out investing all kinds of money in community groups and doing all kinds of growth and then within days or weeks it seems you're turning around and going into a completely different mode. So emotionally that's tough for people to be able to sometimes move through. So I think miners are a different breed. Yeah, they're always better. A cyclical business, yeah. Yeah, so thank you. Is there anything else you'd like to add or share? No, I just think this is a wonderful project. I think mining is sometimes not as out there in the forefront and I think the opportunity to speak to some people who've been involved in mining is a great project and certainly across the country there's a range of experiences and within the age groups there's a range of experiences and I certainly commend you for the work you do. Well, thank you Emma. Thanks for your time. Thank you.


to Cooper Union. Today we'll be looking at UN resolution 43-1 systemic racism and police brutality acting on Dubois's dream for dignity appeal. Currently the UN Human Rights Council is having its 47th session and while that might not mean a lot to many people it's very important because right now they are looking at specific agenda item number nine that's looking at UN resolution 43-1. This resolution was adopted last year because a great amount of people came together to demand a new way forward. One year ago as the nation writhed in pain from the death of George Floyd in the pandemic a handful of human rights defenders mobilized directly impacted family members and civil society movement in the U.S. and around the world to apply moral pressure to the UN Human Rights Council. The shine of light on the lack of liberty in the U.S. and stand in solidarity against racism over 600 organizations called on the council to mandate an independent inquiry into the killings of violent law enforcement responses to protests. Today I'm fortunate to be joined by four amazing activists who are working on the ground but also bring the cause of justice and racial equality and equity to the global stage. Thank you all very much for joining me. Eliza could you share what happened last year and what's going to be happening next week on July 12th during agenda item number nine. Yes thank you Joshua I'm so happy to. We are about to see what's going to happen but a year ago like you said really the United Nations wasn't really confronted at the volume it was last year with the voice of black Americans really crying for the U.S. to come into compliance that's what their national law stopped killing black people and the African Union really helped put their foot down and insist that something happened and what happened was the great debate there was an official special meeting call where on the record surviving members of families who've lost loved ones to police crime and many human rights violation survivors themselves spoke to the body and what happened at the end was a little it was unique and it's something to celebrate but resolution 43-1 really was just for the first time really deploring this issue and the U.S.'s particular role in it and of course this is in the context of you know the U.S. human rights network together constant battle to really shift who polices human rights and who commits torture which in the U.S. we know is the police so by having a resolution this is you know we hear by the floor this happening in the states and everywhere they also insisted that the office of the High Commissioner look into it and do a report on the steps so now that we have that report we're looking at what will happen at this meeting of the Human Rights Council and that's the agenda item number nine that you talked about Joshua they're going to have to decide are they going to follow up with this last year's resolution are they going to say something stronger are they going to actually name the U.S. as still someone who needs to be held accountable not the leaders spending accountability on this and so you know we've been organizing the organizations here I'll pass the mic to but the U.S. human rights network is hundreds of organizations that's been working on this with many allies globally and nationally so yeah it's really a moment to keep your eye on we're hoping certainly that the international community intervene and the U.N. do so as it's meant to do because clearly the things that are happening to our black people are illegal under that international law but no existing you know mechanism seems to help correct courts so we're looking at a new one and intensified one hopefully you know of spotlight on the U.S. this was Columbia Brazil and places all over the world and then again you know the African Union put their foot down to really ask the U.N. to to stand up with them for African descendants all over the world. Thank you so much Eliza and I was wondering you know we know the resolution didn't go as far didn't ask for that commission of inquiry but many people were surprised with the tone of the report do you think the report is stronger and indicates a more serious approach to what's going on. Just just like the actions a year ago it certainly shows a practice it certainly shows thanks to the people that the truth it can't really be looked away from and so you know certainly we're looking for something stronger and with a clear course for holding our country accountable for international law but thank you so much. Christa I know you're focusing a lot on the issue of police brutality could you highlight some of the challenges that people are facing in Chicago and how using the international instruments has been a powerful tool for transformation in your experience. Sure in Chicago in particular you know we've been well we started in Chicago I guess during the torture the John Burge torture but that John Burge torture wasn't just John Burge there was torture going on across the many different area precinct jails and wherever police were taking them because we have home and square as well as well which was kind of a black upside. So I would say that it probably started with Stan writing his report in like 2007 I think it was he wrote the report somewhere around there could have been 201 and then it picked up with Rikia because Rikia Boyd who was shot while she was walking to the store with her friends shot in her head while she was walking to the store with her friends and I think that kind of gelled it for everyone and then we had Demo Franklin Dominique Franklin who was killed after he was tased because he like I think he stole a bottle of liquor out of the Walgreens and they tased him and he hit a pole and then had to be taken off of life support or passed away and then finally Laquan McDonald which was 16 shots right so all of those together and it goes back to Latonya Hagerty from 1999 right all of those together just gelled and we in the in our history of having gone to the UN in 2000 we just kept using that as a option but I want to make it clear that we did try locally before we went to the UN and that's important because when we went to the UN I remember one of the commissioners for cert specifically asked did you go to your state did you go to your city and we were like yes we went to our city we went to at the time Anita Alvarez we went to the Department of Justice here in the city the federal courts here in the city not the federal courts but the federal oversight here in the city we went to Lisa Madigan you know and you know wrote these letters telling them that this was something that they needed to address we wrote shadow reports women's all points bulletin wrote American police crimes against African women and women of color we had written with the Chicago Alliance a collaborative report on the killings the extra judicial killings of African people by the police it's a longer title but it's it's out there on the usherns website and it it just all gelled together to be able to go to the different us reviews and bring these cases which you know it was it was a question of why the Department of Justice the US Department of Justice had not engaged in at an investigation of the police before uh Laquan right you know so when we were speaking to them when they do the reviews and they invite you out to Washington and to talk to them we were asking you know why they weren't doing that you know so at the point where we're using international mechanisms right um we had already talked to them right so it just solidified it you know I remember that me and Martinez were talking to Lisa Madigan and Lisa Madigan is the person after the DOJ came in we did get the investigation and I can point directly to the work that was done by we charge genocide women's all points bulletin we even had uh Mike Brown's mom uh Leslie was there uh all of this work came together uh to bring us to this point you know but I really believe that it started you know internationally all of this started internationally and just built to this so you know Chicago we still have our issues they just uh shot and killed Adam Toledo who was 13 years old with his hands up they chased down hands up don't shoot I told everyone that this is universal for you know don't shoot me right everybody knows that right you know everybody across all countries and this is the way he was when he was shot and the argument of split second decisions which they like making that argument they go through training called shoot don't shoot that actually trains them to make the right split second decision and they continue to use the excuse of the wrong split second decision knowing that they're trained to make the right one right um and we're gullible enough to listen to them so that's another thing changing the narratives those narratives are changing at the international level and so we're really happy about you know uh the movement that started with uh well I won't say that it started with George Floyd but the the movement that uh just how could the the word for the 28 million people going on to the street right that's the consciousness there you thank you beautiful um and made people get out of their houses and I'm sure COVID had something to do with that a lot of people didn't want to be locked up anymore and said well this is a good reason to come out the house and put your life on the line right um so when that when that occurred you know it it like you said it really woke up the world George woke up the world if it hadn't been woke up by uh Mike Brandt if it hadn't woke up by Laquan McDonald if it hadn't been woke up by Sandra Bland if it hadn't been woke up by Rukia Boy if it hadn't been woke up by Tanya Haggerty if our Oscar Grant it was awakened by George Floyd and so sad how many more names we have to bring up and new names added even since George Floyd there's one aspect uh I want to move on to other speakers but you did a lot of great research as well about police violence towards women maybe we're gonna touch on that very briefly and then we'll move on to Monica but I wanted to allow you to share that because I know that's an important aspect as well of your work yeah well a lot of people uh the focus is on shootings right and so and and being shot there there's a lot of focus that's not on survivors so if you can imagine that they've killed about 35,000 people since the early 2000s the police in America have killed about 35,000 people since the early 2000s and to give you an idea the death penalty is about a thousand people in that same period of time so you know they are extra judicial killers right and they are way better at killing people than than the actual quote-unquote state is you know the U.S. uh government um but with that being said even though they they're representing the U.S. government um but with that being said women we're not just shot we're raped we're killed in car chases when we're the innocents we're beaten in our homes the domestic violence police are number one in domestic violence so when you put all of those things together rape domestic violence shootings beatings they're they've even serious they're serial killers and serial rapists right so when you put all those together I think that women are the number one entity that's affected by the police um and that's we we were trying to bring visibility to that in since 2009 and Andrea Richie you had been out there since 2007 and it picked up with say her name and speak my sister's names and all of the work that we've been doing but it's just important to realize that it isn't police violence isn't about shooting Sandra Bland died in prison right or in jail right so we have what we call extraordinary occurrences that happen when you're arrested unfairly right um and put in jail and the things that happen because of confinement uh and you have to just think of police violence as this really large um set right and then you take the little subsets right um and that will give you an idea of how violent they really are and they're very very violent on all different levels but women are usually even women will write articles and not mention women who have been killed in police custody you know so you know it's something that you have to we have to put in our minds and constantly uh be uh vigilant in making sure that you speak to the violence against women thank you chrissa and the report that was just released introduces an inner four-point agenda to end systemic racism and the human rights violations by law enforcement the first one is to step up stop denying and start dismantling the second pursue justice ending impunity and building trust the third listen up people of african descent must be heard and fourth redress confronting past legacies taking special measures and delivering repertory justice monica do these four steps do they sound like a strong beginning or what else should be taken into account well i'd like i always like to start off and saying as an african-american descendant if i am not free if i am not safe if i don't have a fair chance just like any other citizen my counterparts the problem is there everything else about me my identity my class my age uh my ableism or disabilities all of that is collateral consequences i think that it is so important that we focus on uh ending racial oppression racial violence at a state level and that impact us on so many different levels i remember being in my senior year of high school and being kicked out of high school on the first day because i transitioned and there was no recourse for me there was no resources available for me and at that time i was i was put out into the streets and at that time i encountered police encounter after encounter because i was walking as trans and as a result of walking as trans a lot of times i had to negotiate my body with police for my freedom i was forced into psych act to be free um only to be locked up the following week um and then i was forced to be incarcerated in a man's penitentiary in a man's holding facility um and and i was forced to violence during that time and one of the greatest violence that i remember being forced into was solitary confinement i was forced into solitary confinement for six months and at that time it was the greatest challenge on my psyche because i had never been forced and i had never been in solitary confinement and so for me that was very that was extreme punishment um not to mention that i was being harassed on a daily basis i was denied um health care um my eighth amendment was violated because i was trans and it still happens today i still receive numerous uh request for help from different women around the world in the united states asking for help to receive their basic health care um for whatever their health conditions may be um but a lot of times those requests are for gender-affirming health care a lot of times people are saying that they're at their breaking point because they are forced into solitary confinement they feel as though they have been lost into solitary confinement and i find it ironic that we're still fighting to end solitary confinement as a means of housing um people that are considered to be part of a vulnerable population um and that could be anyone from the lgbt community someone who is disabled automatically being placed in solitary confinement for the duration of their incarceration and i do understand that i cannot ever compare that to a lot of my political prisoners brothers and sisters who have been in prison for their political stand against the treatment against black and brown people in america but however we know what it is like and at that time we are not able to focus on rehabilitating ourselves we are let out back into society the same society that discriminates against us on the basis of our race first and then second our gender third our age and ability and so it the list goes on and on and on and i always like to say respect me as a black person i want to be free as a black person because if i'm free as a black person everything else is obsolete because it's really personal and i have yet to witness a time that i have not had to confront and address systemic racial oppression in my everyday life and i am happy to see that the conversations are where they are i also second christa i was out there for um rikki a boy advocacy we wanted justice for rikki and we did not get um lakwan mcdonnell lakwan mcdonnell we we wanted that justice and we did not get and then let's just continue to go on and on and on and i like to say that george boy revived the people to remember that this is still active this is still happening and today we have it on camera and we cannot let this go by but then following that it was briana taylor and something that is hugely important for us to address is no knock warrant there are so many people of people from our communities are dying they're having their lives traumatized the shovel disrupted broken due to a no knock warrant and a lot of times that no knock warrant is not even for the house whose door they kicked in and so i like to always say that as an african-american descendant it is important that i know what freedom is and look like feels like tastes like as a black person before i can focus on what freedom looks like as a transgender person as a as a a senior citizen or anything else it is my blackness that you see first and it is my blackness that acts that prompts you to act in a certain way against me or in support of me and so i like to see people focus more on race and all the different identity politics i like for us to kind of contain them and in other ways but let's stick to the issue at hand and for me the issue at hand is always race it is race thank you monicon it really does bring us to our our final speaker jihad because i mean i know he was an amazing leader in the black panther movement and also a political prisoner of conscience and that's something that has really been ignored when we're talking about systemic racism it's because the system's doing exactly what it was set up to actually do and i know when we came to the un in 2000 with the different upr reviews with the third and with the cat jihad your voice was really listen to in geneva because you brought up the points that everyone you need to know you talked about the hypocrisy of democracy in the us i thought one of the best quotes i remember i'll always remember it is you know instead of putting that microscope on those other countries that need to work on their human rights that the us needs to really hold up that mirror and look deep into its soul and so i just want to see what do you think of this latest report and if you think it is a step in the right direction and thank you so much for being with us today yeah joshua and everybody else appreciate you very much i can cannot be more profound with that so just adding to a really briefly is that um i think it's a step in the right direction to always have trajectories that reach international and to highlight our issues as human rights issues on the human right on the national international stage is very important uh i think what's oftentimes is remiss a lot is that um as our hot malik sabah said that we have to really we are our own liberator and when i came back from geneva each time i was kind of it was kind of demoralizing to see that we didn't have the infrastructure to be able to capitalize off of all the wonderful work that's being done internationally so um i think that that's something that that we have to build up our national statue our national organizing our strength to make a demand to make to be able to make a demand we have to have people power and people on the same page and working together building viable real co-sincere coalitions amongst each other we don't have that sisters and brothers this is 2021 and when i'm 66 years old and when i was 16 i'd be doggone if i wasn't dealing with the exact same issues and as the same goes the more things changed the more to remain the same we're falling off we're not we're not doing the organizing on the ground so the ask that the ask okay that's on the table has to remain on the table but how do we effectuate it into a demand the only way we can do that is to organize better to make sure that all the wonderful work that we're doing through the united states human rights network that joshua cooper is doing that all of us are doing in our own capacities um and listening to your wonderful powerful voices you know what's remiss and we won't make it that far if we do not muster the strength organizing the mobilization within our own communities to effectuate a demand otherwise we'll be asking the slave master to tell the overseer to treat us better and that's my point that's it and the black panther party was into the community to do these i know it's so retro to say that and this and this is not to overlook the many powerful organizations that are in the community i'm just saying and you know what the landscape looks like you know what the landscape looks like you know how we treat our own and we have to come out of our silos a little more and and really work together to bring about this change other than that joshua i think that we're doing our admiral job on the international level and bringing people into the picture here in the voices of those that directly impacted that's powerful i'm listening to monica i'm listening to everybody that was on early in the book to the um u n presentations today and it's powerful and but you know as i told the african union if you don't know that these exist issues already exist you may not know the sort of detail that you know they exist if you didn't you've been under a rock and you shouldn't not be in that position that you are in and i say that very directly people are dying so i'm going to talk directly to the issue and not sugar coated you know and the united states is very arrogant it doesn't care what we're saying and we all know that that's why our demands has to be backed by people unified people power so that when we hit that international stage those looking and those listening know that we are we represent an organized mass of people not a just a fragmented mass that we are in this present state so i don't want to bring a negativity to the table but it is real talk because we will be on the same page and every year doing the same thing with these stellar presentations and sisters and brothers marching overseas to make it real and people overseas will look at you and they say well you haven't done your homework in your own community and that's it you know so i'm with you all the way everybody um and we just have to stand united and make that work in a broader sense thank you thank you so much jihad and that's excellent point that we do have to shatter those silos and create the campaign and the communications together and it will be an opportunity next monday for the world to really in a way put the us in the court of public opinion the world court of public opinion but then there are more opportunities with the un committee and the illumination of all forms of racial discrimination that review will be coming up uh there's also the anniversary of the durban declaration program of action we definitely need a national action plan and i know we only have like a minute left alize if you'd want to say maybe some of the next steps after the uh discussion on monday at the human rights council what you see the next steps could be briefly oh yes i just um looked in by any of your watchers and listeners to keep in touch with the us human rights network um so you don't miss a beat it's info at ushrnetwork.org info at ushrnetwork.org um you can get in touch with the coordinating center there we're based in atlanta network you know nationwide and globally to connect people to people at the center of the human rights solutions that are so urgent um thank you thank you so much and we thank all of our guests for appearing and more point for all their advocacy from the grassroots on the ground up to the global and we look forward to continue to changing the conditions daily and making sure that human rights are realized for all mahalo and thank you all and look forward to our next event of course what will happen on monday at the human rights council aloha


Becca has a great question. I use stream videos and forums for my flipped lessons. So she's in the EDU sector. I'm working through some Microsoft Learn modules and just read this. Here's the quote, record one video, upload it to stream, and use forums to insert questions into the video. This procedure allows students to pause and reflect on what they're learning before they watch more. I've used this, I've done this, it's been around for a long time. She says, I do the opposite. She doesn't want people to learn and to reflect, apparently. I do the opposite where I create a forum and upload short videos into each section. My method gives me one forum with all the answers in one place, and I would like to know if you add forms to a stream video in different places, do you end up with many different forms? If this is the case, is there a way to consolidate the forms data into one document? So I can answer this. One, to separate it, yes, you would have to have multiple forms. Unfortunately, no way around that, right? However, can you consolidate the data into one place? Yes, because as when you fill out a form, you can actually connect, you can create a list instead of just getting it through the Excel format behind the form, right? So you can create a SharePoint list with all of the fields of the information that you're wanting to fill out, and then you can use Power Automate to map those fields to that SharePoint list. So your first form, whatever questions they are, you map them to that SharePoint list. The second form, you map them to the same list to those columns and so on and so forth, so that all the answers end up in one SharePoint list. So that works great. I did a ton of workshops, you name it, on that type of scenario. However, however. However. However. That does change. However. However. Works great, as it is, but we all know that there's a big stream migration going on from OneDrive and whatnot to SharePoint. One of the things that is not fully baked and Sherry, you can back me up on this, add some information to it. One of the things that is not fully baked is how the forms integrate into that right now. Okay, Sherry, yeah. Yeah, there's a lot of feedback. There's a lot of feedback that's been shared with Microsoft about exactly this scenario. Yeah, because people want to be able to do this and this is a real world thing. And the biggest frustration for me is that when you have a multi-select item in your form, it populates into the Excel spreadsheet as a common delimited value and it does the same thing in a SharePoint list. So it's really hard to get a roll-up view when you have multi-select. You have to break it apart, put it back together, just using layman's terms and that's no joke. So there's, if you have any kind of multi-choice, it makes it a little bit more difficult to capture that in a list. But I'm hoping, going forward, they find a better way to improve that process and the whole thing, the whole process in general, because it is a little clunky, I'm with you. I do flip training as well, flip classroom training and I want them to be able to, here is the form, here's a little video. Now, here's a form, a little video. Now, if you could put the video in the form so that they're watching the video as they're going through it, now that would be cool, but that's not an option yet. So we'll see what happens. Yeah, and I don't care how they do it. Form, video, video, form, it comes to the same output. Just my perspective. My issue is the fact that they're changing how it works from, it was embedded into stream, then it went to one drive and now it's all going to share form and our connections are gonna be broke for anything we built previously around that. Yep, yep. And there's gonna be a lot of work for us in the next year or so. Yeah, and we all know the migration tool is not 100% as it is and hasn't been and they don't project that the migration tool is gonna be 100% until almost May, but yet, you know, drop dead dates about October or whatever.  Has anybody used leveraged sway and done integrations with forms and the videos content? Because I believe you have the same problem. Yeah, I haven't, but I think it would be exact. Yeah, yeah, exact same problem, Christian. 100%. Yeah. So, but that's a, I always like to bring up because nobody talks about sway. It is a full-fledged member of the office suite people. Well, and I always promote that as like digital brochures, you know, make them and I've seen it used well and I was looking at one yesterday, I'm like, who did this? This is terrible. There's a lot of dead space in it. So, yeah, you gotta know what you're doing in order to- So, I promoted a lot to my clients that use newsletters and they use third-party utilities for newsletters. I'm like, you know, you already pay for it and sway and they're like, well, how do I use it? And I give them a quick tour because I don't use sway myself, right? Because I don't have a function for it in my day-to-day, right? But I was like, hey, here's the things you can do. I know enough to write my A disease series, right? And so, you know, I'm like showing them getting the brief overview, whatnot.  It comes down to they just don't know what it's fully capable of, but yeah, you just have to introduce it. I think once you introduce it in the right way, people find it more beneficial to the right people. I know it's a separate topic, Becca, but just in case, just wanted to throw it in there for a little, you know, color commentary on other products that we never talk about, but it's kind of a, it's the same problem, same non-answer to your questions. Yeah, I mean, yeah. I mean, it's a great tool. I love it for what it does, but it only caters to a very small portion of most companies.


And it was a bit simpler. You know, Freedom Rides, we want to ride anywhere we want on the bus. You know, Freedom Summer, we want the right to vote. But there were clear goals. And I think that's, in some ways, what's lacking today. And that's why we have these eruptions. We have Occupy Wall Street, and we're like, yeah. And then it, you know, it just fizzles. Because we don't have the clear goals. And also, I think that one thing that people don't talk about enough is that the people who were part of the Civil Rights Movement, many of them, were trained and committed, you know. And it was not an eruption. It was, this was, the thing was planned. You know, Bob Moses was in Mississippi from 1961 until 64, before, you know, Freedom Summer started. You know, Jim Lawson went all over the South training people in civil disobedience. So they were trained. And I think that's one of the things that we, there are, we are starting to see trained leaders, you know, of what's happening, what's going on today. Young people. Yeah, young, young trained, I'm talking about young people, you know. But what I want to see is more of them on TV.


So today's talk is about automating machine learning workflow with DVC, and let me introduce myself first. My name is Hongjoo, I'm living in Korea, and I worked for SK Hynix as a data scientist. So some of you may not know my company, but actually SK Hynix is one of the largest memory chip maker, and you would easily find some when you uncover your laptop or desktop, especially when you are using the computer from Apple or Dell. And my recent work interests is building a knowledge graph and supply chain management doing them automatically, and some kind of mining software repository. It's all machine learning jobs. So today I'm going to talk about DVC, an open source tool for managing ML workflow efficiently. And firstly, I will start from how software developers, I will start from how software developers work well with various practices and tools, then talk about data scientists and machine learning developers who have some challenges to adopt their work with software developments. I think DVC could help them to work more efficiently. And then lastly, I will show you how to use DVC, how DVC works with an example of projects. Actually the title is automating ML workflow, not automated machine learning itself. So actually there exists an active area for auto ML, so you better notice that this session is not about auto machine learning. So let's start with Waterfall to agile. I don't think people used to work with Waterfall way for developing software even in the old days, designing, building software and release could never meet a set of requirements at once. I've never experienced such a case after doing my homework as he has 101 class. However, it's useful to learn that we should work with iterative process other than Waterfall. Since the requirements are always changes or not concrete enough, we used to organize a small set of tasks and do what we can do earlier and release features in a progressive way until all the requirements are satisfied. So as we are not working alone and the iterative process should run fast with extreme efficiency, we used to divide our work stages into a few steps and try to keep moving forward without a stop. And for each stage, we have been continuously, we have been continuously think about how we can do better with the job. Some people start to talk about methods, just like TDD and continuous integration or continuous development or deployment. And some develop some efficient tools, such like Git and Maven or a JUnit, Jenkins. So those tools help us to do our job easier and more efficient way. So we have so many health even on deploying, operating, and monitoring our software and maybe sooner or later software development could be the easiest job in this world. Now how about machine learning? So there are typical workflow in machine learning as well, which are data acquisition and data preprocessing and build model and evaluation and model selection. And lastly, deployment. Although such workflows are a part of whole process of developing machine learning application, but they are relatively new and less developed. This is because data science or machine learning is different with software development as the software development is different from the developing hardware with more waterfall process. These are the typical process of machine learning. And this is the typical workflow in one chart. It is an iterative process starting from data acquisition acquiring on the left side, but very different from what that software developing process is to deal with data and more along with codes. Sometimes data and model takes more important part of process with just a few lines of code. Also, it is a team sports and some parts need some specialists like data acquisition and processing stage, these data engineers area, and also preprocessing and model selection is for data scientists or for machine learning engineer. And even the software developing engineers are needed for the last step, the deployment to build an application code. That's pretty complicated, isn't it? So for this reason, machine learning workflow cannot just follow software development processes. And I think there are machine learning's own three main challenges in machine learning projects. They are burgeoning data along with code and deploy a model, not a code. And lastly, metric driven development development. So people used to have their own burgeoning system as you see in the screen. And later, we don't know which one is the proper working version. And also data scientists should share those data, but it's not easy because they usually take so large space in storage and hard to manage. A few gigabytes or even larger data, how can we easily share them? Another problem is sometimes changes in data triggers pipelines, even there's no single lines of code changes. But it's difficult to notice which part of data has been changed. So we should keep organizing the data with its related code so that we produce output at any time if the data changes. I'm sorry, this line is supposed to be a separate section as a separate challenge. I made a mistake here. Different from software development, the most important and final artifact is a model, but not a code. So we have a version, we have two version models, and keep tracking of the which data and code produces the model. Lastly, machine learning is a metric driven job. Our software development process starts from requirements and ends with requirements. A metric is the most important milestone teaches what we should do next for the improvements. I'll show you some examples of what kind of decision can be made for tracking the metrics at the last step. So metrics should be kept tracking along with codes, data, and models. Metric must be kept, tracked, and now DBC comes out. DBC helps to handle these challenges. There are other solutions such as heat LFS, MLflow, and Apache Airflow, but I recommend DBC because it's easy to use. If you are familiar with using Git, then it's very intuitive to use the DBC with Git, and it's language independent. Even the DBC is written in Python, but you can use DBC with C languages or Java, or any other tools, whatever you want. So it's language independent. Lastly, it's useful to individual to a large team. Other tools like MLflow, Apache Airflow, they need to manage the web server. But in case of DBC, it's just a client command line tool. So for you can adopt to your project individually, or you can share the tool with other members in a large team. So it's easy to start with. Okay, it's time to see how DBC works with the problem of cats and dogs classification. Actually, this example, the project trains a small VGG net to classify cats and dogs images. So go to the GitHub repository later, and there will be an instruction to build a Docker image that which contains everything you need for following the walkthrough example. And later containerize the image with running bash cell, then follow the commands and the following commands should be run inside the Docker container. So this is the typical directory structure I used to work with when I'm doing machine learning project. So I put a data, some raw data and process. And when I'm ready to deploy the model, then I put the retrain finalized model in the finalized data. And there's a notebook directory. Actually, I use this directory occasionally, but mostly I just put the source code in the source directory at the bottom. So I make a cat dog module. Then when I need to experiment such a module, then I open a notebook and import the cat dog module and test the modules and do some experiments. And also there needs some data downloading scripts in a script directory and also the script for deployments. So to start with, we need to initialize the GitHub repository as you see in the screen. And add the source directory, then do some commits. And after that, we do the same thing with DVC init, which initializes the DVC repository inside the Git repository. So you can see some .dvc directories and some files inside the directory organizing the whole repository. And also we need to add index.dvc directory into the Git repository so that we can track the DVC version as well with Git.  There's a script download.chill, which downloads 25,000 images in total, half cats and half dogs, that's pretty large. So the script put those files in temp directory. So there's a cat directory and dog directory, which has 12.5k images for each. And next step is a set of the parameters. Those parameters are used for data preparation or pre-processing, or it contains some hyperparameters for training a model. So as you see in the prep stage, we use splitrate as 0.9, which splits the whole data into the training data and test data for training a model and evaluating it. The class size is actually, the data set is two large, so the training takes a long time. So I just limited each class with 2,000 images, so in total 4,000 animals inside a store in the training data set. So if you have a GPU computer, then the whole training step will be finished in a minute. Then we have learning rates and batch size and number of epochs and validation rate, 0.2 for the validation steps. Now it's time to define the first stage of the pipeline, which is called prepare. So there's a preprocess.py file in cat dog directory, which divides 4,000 images into training data and test data, and sampling 4,000 images in total out of 25k. So the process data stored in data process with the Python command. So you see the options, minus n is the name of the stage, and p is the parameter, which you have seen in the previous slide, the parameter, and d option is the dependency. So the prep stage is dependent on the preprocess.py, and the output stored in the data processed directory. So after running the dvc run command with such options, we can check what kind of files or directories have been changed. So there are three directories and files have changed. So I add them to the git repository and commit. So now we are sort of tracking the preparation stage. Thank you. And next step is defining a train and evaluate stage. So I named it version 0.1 because I just put a one convolutional layer and one fully connected layer, very simple model. So such code is written in cat.train.py. So as you see the first command, I run dvc run again with another name train, and it accepts a train parameter with p option and depends on data preprocess, which is what's the output of the previous stage and depends on the train script itself. And the output goes to data with the model.h5 file. It's a model exported file. And it draws the plot data to the plot.json. And the task is run by cat.train. Running the cat.train model. And so you will see some output in progress of training the model. And then we will define another stage named evaluate, which depends on the model.h5, which was the output of the previous stage and also depends on evaluation script. And it tracks the metrics with M option, option M, with the score.json. So the train evaluation metric will stored in the score.json. And it will keep track with the model. I mean, the metric information stored in the score.json will be kept tracking with the model file. So I added some more files and made a commit and tagged the version as 0.1. Now we have defined the three stages, starting from prep to ending with evaluate. So with dvc.dag command, we can see an ASCII art. So the prep or when the train depends on the prep stage and evaluate depends on the train stage. So when you have changed on prep stage, the whole deck has to reproduce. Or if you have only changes in related to train stages, then only evaluate stage has to be run again. So when there's nothing have changed, if we try to reproduce the experiment with command dvc.repro, then you can see there is nothing changed in the previous stages. So nothing has to be done. But if I update the model with adding another convolutional layer, then running dvc.repro, it detects some change in the source code. So it starts to build model again. So after finishing the training of model, I put a tag 0.2 as another version. And did the same thing, adding a third convolutional layer and put the version 0.3 and commit. Now it's time to compare the metrics for each version. Regarding to the accuracy, as you see, the accuracy ACC score is just around 0.67 to 0.71. So it says just adding more convolutional layer since not helping the results. And I try to check the training process for each experiment and tell something. As you see, the training accuracy goes high, but the validation accuracy sometimes drops and stops increasing at epoch 2 or 3, which means it's overfitting. So it's a clear sign of overfitting. So I put some regularization with the dropout and then run the dvc.repro and do the same training job again. And you see, it's still sometimes the left part of the chart. It says sometimes the validation accuracy drops, but it continues to increase. So I also tried data augmentation. So rather than increasing the size of data, I tried to manipulate the existing 4,000 images. Oh, sorry. And it also helped. So later, merging two data augmentation techniques and regularization technique, I could have up to 7.8.0 operacy. So maybe later, you can try this at home with the walkthrough example and the slide. So good on. Thank you. If you have any questions, just shoot. Thank you very much. So we are now in a room. People is there. So time for questions. Stanislav is asking, how do I recreate the data on a different machine? For code, I don't get. Clone, what does one for data? So you can check out the code with a review about it. How do I recreate the data on different machine? Oh, a good question. Actually, I haven't explained the great feature of DVC in this slide. But you can make a shared cache. You know, the git has a cache inside our home directory. But you can think of sharing such cache to the shared storage. And then you can share the cache so that if I'm on training version 0.5, and follower tries to train the same model, it won't take a minute. Because the shared cache will just come inside my DVC repository. So it's amazingly fast because it's sharing the cache. OK, thank you. So any other questions? Oh, another one. Yes. The DVC handle version control on the data or rather input data must always be the same. And we are just burning, receive, so transport, repair, train. Actually, it makes a hash of the file or the directory and put inside a cache. So DVC doesn't do anything with git. But git tries to manage everything with DVC repository. Because the DVC repository has been kept versioning after we are defining a pipeline or training a new model, everything output, input, and dependent file will be hashed and stored in the cache. So it's going to be managed with the git. Would you use consider DVC as alternative airflow or can those work together? Let me read the question, please, because we need it for the recording. So if you read it all, it's better. OK, would you use consider DVC as an alternative to airflow or can those work together? Actually, airflow, they have advantage in monitoring, but which DVC doesn't have. So if we want to do a monitor our job, we have to use another tool. So in that case, we cannot use airflow with DVC, but like Jenkins, we can use Jenkins with DVC to monitor our Jenkins as a DVC test. When it takes one hour, two hour, or a day to train a model, you can put those DVC tests inside the Jenkins so that you can monitor the job. OK, perfect. So thank you very much. Thank you for presenting. We are just one minute.


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Hey everybody, welcome to Tutor Terrific. Here we have our second lesson in our chapter three of my physics course We're looking at kinematics in two dimensions and today We're going to really really really study the type of motion that we're really going to focus on for this whole chapter of projectile motion We're going to review components of vectors and look at something called range as well. All right, let's begin So what I want you to do first is to describe this trajectory here I don't know if it's clear to you, but someone behind this black curtain has tossed a tennis ball in the air and taken many photos and superimposed them on each other at equal intervals, so it's like a fast-motion camera and This is what the tennis ball would do after it's let go by the person throwing it. Can you describe this trajectory for me? What are some of its characteristics? What do you notice about it? It looks like to me that The tennis ball seems to glide back down to earth in a very particular Pattern, so the trajectory has a certain shape to it. It appears as those as time goes on In the second half the ball seems to fall at a faster and faster rate towards the earth and it seems to turn around at some height and Also when I'm looking horizontally at the tennis ball just its horizontal distances between these picture frames that the distance seems to be pretty much Constant horizontally speaking, but vertically speaking. It's definitely not constant So what's the shape first? Let's start with the shape Anybody recognize this shape from their math classes If you're not sure, let me give you a list of possible shapes. It could be Okay, here's some basic functions in math. It looks like one of these shapes. I'll be at upside down and That would be this one here the quadratic x squared Except upside down. What's the other name for this? It's problem. Well, that is the shape of all these trajectories when something is in mid-air and it's Go undergoing free fall. It's the shape is a parabola or a section of a parabola Okay, now obviously since the velocity is changing at least vertically speaking it seems there must be an acceleration Well, what acceleration is causing that motion? If you remember from previous classes, it's got to be gravity gravity is acting on That tennis ball and it's acting on anything that's in the air that is in free fall What we call this specifically is we call this projectile motion projectiles Some people call it parabolic motion as well But the common name used is projectile motion and anything that is the undergoing free fall is a projectile So that's what we give it the name It's always in this upside down parable parabola shape, excuse me, and if no other forces are acting It's a perfect parabolic shape All right the motion In an object in two or more dimensions such that the acceleration is only due to gravity and is constant is the formal definition of projectile motion So if I were to draw the acceleration vector at each of these snapshots They would all look identical And it all point directly downward and their magnitude would all be g which is 9.8 meters per second squared near the earth's surface So this is the acceleration that is responsible for this type of motion Now let's look at the basics of this particular Shape and this particular Trajectory so the parabola is the trajectory shape specifically There will be for each projectile an initial velocity. Okay, and here this red vector in this picture is that initial velocity There is a launch angle associated with The initial velocity vector with respect to the horizontal and we need to know that and It's usually Denoted with respect to the horizontal like this angle here The initial height is also an important factor as we will see For that the projectile for example this football is not on the ground when it's thrown But eventually reaches the ground later the horizontal distance covered before the Projectile reaches the ground is called the range. We have a special formula for that that we'll learn later But that is the idea of The horizontal displacement only not the vertical displacement the horizontal is called the range Now that velocity vector is at an angle and as you might have guessed we didn't just learn Component in the last lesson for no reason We are going to split vectors at an angle velocity vectors, especially initial velocity vectors into components So let's just review here. We've got this Velocity vector that's 12 meters per second at a 32 degree angle And I've shown you that components here the horizontal component and the vertical component what they look like What are their values? We're going to resolve this vector v into components right now Well, the horizontal component will be the total magnitude times the cosine of 32 degrees okay, and that would be about 10 meters per second with proper sig figs and Then the vertical component here will be 12 meters per second times the sine of 32 degrees which will be less In about 6.4 meters per second. I'm about half of the total magnitude So just review that we are you're not going to do that this chapter. You're going to be definitely Resolving these vectors into components at an angle. Okay. Can you apply the knowledge of components at least conceptually in the following situation? So, let's say you've got here a You've got a cannon that shoots a cannon ball directly horizontally off a cliff from the edge of the cliff Okay, I want you guys to determine what the components of the velocity not the entire velocity vector But the components of the velocity vector would be what they would look like at each of these snapshots Okay, right now we have the total velocity vectors for you As you can see they increase in size but When you draw the components, I want you to determine what they would look like Okay, so to pause this video take a minute and this is a good exercise for you and draw these One two three four five six cannonball pieces the last one it has not yet hit the ground This is the instant before it hits the ground below And try and draw the components of the velocity horizontal and vertical components for each of these snapshots So take a minute to pause right now. So now that you are back. Let's see if you Have got this right. This is what it should look like. Okay. I'm not looking for magnitudes here I'm showing you what the magnitudes would be if the initial is 20 meters per second Notice how if this is done correctly the vertical component continues to increase in magnitude, but the horizontal component is constant the horizontal component stays constant Its initial value is its final value and its value everywhere, but Every second in time and you can see here. We've got 9 negative 9.8 meters per second for the first v y a second later would be the Time distance then between these two snapshots and all the other snapshots look at how it's increasing multiples of 9.8 and They're all negative because they're pointing down, but Vx is constant This is what the components look like for projectile motion when we start directly horizontal Okay, the horizontal component isn't changing at all I'm going to animate this motion for you so you can see this in a more animated sort of video format There we go As you could see This is a little bit Many more snapshots were taken, but as you can see the v y down here is constantly increasing each second It's about 10 meters per second faster. That's about 9.8 But Vx is constant in this case. It's a constant 100 meters per second And I'll just show this one more time You can see that vertical velocity vector growing in size, but the horizontal velocity vector is not Changing, okay, so we need to practice this more. I'm going to give you a slightly different situation What if we have a projectile that's launched from the ground and not from the top of a cliff up at an angle? So what I want you to do is draw what the components of velocity would look like in this case We're launched at some angle upwards And we turn all the way back around and come down to the same vertical position some horizontal position over Okay, I want you to draw take take a minute to pause this video and draw the Components of velocity for this situation pause the video now Okay, so let's see what you're able to come up with If you came up with anything like this You're doing well. You're starting to understand this material the Velocity x components should all be constant. They should all be pointing to the right the vertical velocities Should always should all be different for each snapshot They should start by pointing upwards and be large and as you get higher up. They should decrease in size and Then at the very top you should have no vertical velocity because we are turning around Vertically speaking and then as we start to fall our vertical velocity grows in size This is what will occur when there is a constant downward acceleration equal to g It's constant. This is the type of motion you will receive And you can see this is a parabola parabolic motion a projectiles motion Okay, so I'm going to animate this motion for you. I notice this is a slightly different situation here But it still works You can see the vertical velocity vector Decreases upwards and then starts to decrease downwards being zero at the very top and notice how the Horizontal velocity component is constant. It does not change. It's always 60 meters per second in this case and the v y starts being 60 and then Completely becomes negative and grows in size about 10 meters per second per second, which is about the value of g So one more time look at that This is what occurs in projectile motion. Okay, this is the type of Velocity vector components that we will always have they will always follow this sort of trajectory and this sort of Idea for change okay vx does not change v y is undergoing an acceleration downward that is constant, okay So let's look at the basics of what we learned Here's another snapshot for you This one of course also shows the total velocity vector at the same time as the component so you can really see how it's related to the components So first of all Acceleration that causes this motion is due only to gravity We have to ignore air resistance and other things like that and there's no other Accelerations involved the direction of the acceleration if we are talking about normal situations for an intro trick physics course Would be near the center of the earth it will point downward and constant at all times I have not drawn the acceleration vector for these snapshots just the velocity Okay, it only affects the vertical component of the velocity since it points constantly downward As you can see here v y is the only component that is changing vx is constant Okay, vx horizontal component velocity will remain constant these are the properties these are the Important facts about projectile motion that you need to know All right All of this all of this right here is what leads to this general shape for this trajectory The overall shape being a parabolic parabolic parabolic shape Okay, and it's usually an upside down a parabola or a section of an upside down parabola That's the shape of the trajectory All right now a thought experiment for you guys We're going to discuss This machine up here Again equal timestamp snapshots were taking of an orange excuse me a red and a yellow ball Okay, the red ball was dropped directly downward with no initial velocity as you can see here The yellow ball was launched with a specific initial horizontal velocity And it left the machine at the exact same time that the red ball did okay, and we can see that their snapshots There's the same number of snapshots for both. Okay So I have a question for you my first question is this which ball reaches the ground first Look closely at these snapshots both balls were released at the same time and Pictures of them both were taken at the same time. I'm not sure the Distance between the photos, but they were taken at equal time intervals Which ball reaches the ground first take a minute to think about that if you look at the snapshots you seem to See that they're each vertically They're horizontally separated by a greater and greater amount, but they're not vertically separated at all each Snapshot shows the tennis balls or whatever balls these are at the same height at the same time Basically, okay within the margin of error And so if this is the ground right here you could tell they're both going to hit the ground at the same time Why does this make sense? This makes sense because they are undergoing the same acceleration It's all vertical and their initial vertical velocities were the same zero Because of that they will reach the ground at the same time their vertical components of velocity will always be the same So another question I have for you. I'm sorry that the answer is already there. Which ball has a higher Vertical excuse me horizontal component of velocity when it reaches the ground now the red ball as you could see has no Horizontal component of velocity because it has the same horizontal position as it falls So it can't be the red one the yellow one has a higher Horizontal component of velocity because it has one at all it has the same one as It stays constant if we ignore air resistance. I know this probably wasn't done in a vacuum chamber So there is air, but all intents and purposes. It's constant and so The yellow one will have a higher horizontal component of velocity Vx when it reaches the ground It has some constant non-zero Horizontal component of velocity one last question Which ball has a higher Magnitude of total velocity when it reaches the ground so which one's total velocity vector is bigger Take a minute to think about that The red one has no Horizontal velocity the yellow one has a horizontal constant velocity and both of them have a Vertical velocity which is the same at each instant in time Well as you might have guessed that means that the yellow one will have a total higher Magnitude of velocity, so if you're to be struck by the yellow ball It might hurt a slight bit more than being struck by the red ball all right guys, thank you so much for watching this video a little overview on Projectile motion, which is the kind of motion we are going to be studying For the rest of this chapter. I know there's lots of different types of two-dimensional motion out there But we're going to study projectile motion specifically in this chapter. Thanks so much for watching guys. This is Falconator signing out