Professor Klaus Schwart, I said I'm the chairman of the World Economic Forum, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen. Representing the Vietnamese government, I would like to warmly welcome international and national organizations, enterprises and students and youths representing the young generation of Vietnam to come here to attend the open forum ASEAN 4.0 for all how to enable startups to seize opportunities generated by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. I'm very honored and privileged to welcome Professor Zhuang, the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, one of the major and pioneering economists who devoted a lot of determination and intellectual on the Fourth Industrial Revolution. And he is the author of the book called The Fourth Industrial Revolution, the theme of our open forum today. Ladies and gentlemen, we are witnessing that the world is trying to develop integration and cooperation based on the fruits of science and technology, particularly the technologies by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It has dramatically changed the society's change in each country, including Vietnam and other ASEAN member countries, where opportunity identifying the challenges is what we should do, and it is the shortcut and effective roadmap for us. And that we also need to select the national strategies and guidelines to narrow the gap between countries, and also we should bring into full play different opportunities to turn challenges into opportunities and to turn initiative into products and to reap success in the journey of innovation and startup. Over the years, the Vietnamese government has identified that enterprises, including startups, as the center of socioeconomic development, of innovation, as a force to develop the economy, and also the Vietnamese government has played an active role in further promoting Industry 4.0. As of now, we basically completed the building of the National Incubation Center, and we, for the first time, attracted the attendance and participation of startups and enterprises based on our efforts and strategies. Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished delegates, under the Open Forum of World Economic Forum on ASEAN today, we would like to propose that we need to discuss ways and views to foster cooperation among ASEAN countries and between ASEAN and global partners to turn Southeast Asia into a center for innovation and startup. We should play a leading role in exploiting the fruits of the Industry 4.0 for the promote socioeconomic development, how to make all those countries smarter and more effective. We want to have more candid dialogues, and we wish to receive support from leaders, experts, enterprises of World Economic Forum in general, and His Excellency, Professor Thuong, in particular, in seeking out different solutions. And we should also further promote the cohesion among ASEAN countries to grasp opportunities and to seek solutions for challenges, distinguished delegates. Ladies and gentlemen, the Vietnamese government is developing the strategy for innovation and startup, and we also developed a different scenario for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In the implementation process, Vietnam wishes to cooperate and to join hands with World Economic Forum and ASEAN to enhance the connectivity, and we are ready to provide our resources to join hands with other partners. I would like to take this opportunity to introduce all of you to participate in the biggest event of the innovation and startup community of Vietnam Tech Startup, organized in Danang from November to the 1st of December 2018 under the theme innovation and startup in the Fourth Industrial Revolution global integration process. Let's join hands together to build up a community of innovation and success. I wish the conference every success. I wish this open forum the first of many, many events under World Economic Forum every success. Thank you very much. Minister Thuong Ngoc An, thank you very much for those opening remarks. And Professor Schwab, thank you as well. At now we will turn the session into a panel discussion where we have many established, sorry, esteemed speakers to share their views with you on how we translate this Fourth Industrial Revolution into an inclusive, human-centered, prosperous future. The theme of the discussion is ASEAN 4.0 for all. The idea is that we want to be able to embrace these technologies and turn them to the benefit of society. And as Professor Schwab mentioned, to use and to harness entrepreneurship and all of your entrepreneurial ambitions to build a better, more prosperous and inclusive society. So to moderate and chair the next part of the programme, I'm delighted to welcome Amrita Chima from Deutsche Welle who will be overseeing the second part. And perhaps also the panellists can also join on the stage as Amrita comes as well. Thank you. Hello and a very warm welcome to you. Thank you very much, Justin, for that introduction. May I also thank Minister Thuong Ngoc An for his very insightful comments and a warm welcome that you've given us to your country. Thank you also for your hope and optimism that the Fourth Industrial Revolution will be a force for good for your people and the people of ASEAN and a determination to make ASEAN a hub of innovation. Thank you also for telling us about your vision for your own country, Vietnam, the 2035 vision. Now as you're the Minister of Science and Technology, I'm sure all the students will be very encouraged to hear your words. May I also thank Professor Klaus Schwab who described the minister as a driver of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Now Professor Schwab is the founder and the chairman of the World Economic Forum. Now it was very good to hear in your own words Professor Schwab, your vision of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Now it was a term that you coined yourself. You've written a book on the Fourth Industrial Revolution which came out in 2016 and there's a special gift to all the students who are here. Professor Schwab has brought 1000 copies of this book in Vietnamese so that you can read it for yourself. Give them a big hand for that. As we heard Professor Schwab has talked about the huge opportunities that the Fourth Industrial Revolution offers to society in general but also it has a transformative effect in our lives not as he said what we do but who we are. And Professor Schwab if I may say so one of the quotes that I found most interesting in your book was we have to ensure that the Fourth Industrial Revolution is empowering and human centric and not that it is divisive and dehumanizing because I think there's a lot of discussion about how technology is going to change our lives but you have insisted and you want to ensure that all the technology that we are getting is for the benefit of humankind and not that we become slaves of the machines but we master the machines to serve us. So thank you very much for sharing your vision with us. And ladies and gentlemen as Justin said I'm Amrita Chima and it's my great pleasure to welcome a panel to discuss some of the issues raised by the minister and by Professor Schwab and to see how we navigate the opportunities the Fourth Industrial Revolution has to offer but also to manage potential risks. One of them as Professor Schwab mentioned is maybe the loss of jobs how do we navigate that. So to discuss that let me begin by introducing our panel to you. On my left is Yasmin Mahmood she's the CEO of Malaysia Digital Economic Cooperation. Now she began in a very humble role as an analyst and a programmer then she was CEO of many companies before she said in 2014 she got a national calling to join MDEC. So a warm welcome to you and we hope to hear more about what this national calling was. Next to Yasmin is Rajan Anandan he is from Google managing director Southeast Asia and India. Southeast Asia and India are the fastest growing region in terms of internet usage 500 million. So obviously Rajan you are in the right place but because he's manager responsible for sales and operations he's not satisfied with that he wants to expand even more expand what he says is the internet ecosystem and accelerate innovation. Now I grew up with Google and I thought Google existed all my life but it's just 20 years old. Last week we celebrated your 20th anniversary congratulations to the company for that. Now next to Rajan we have Honorable Saeed Saadik Abdul Rahman he is the minister of youth and sports of Malaysia. Now he's described in the internet as a politician and an activist I like the description. Now you're the youth chief of the Malaysian United indigenous party Bersato you were elected and became a minister in July and I heard rumours that Mahati Prime Minister Mahati's election was a lot to do with your support as well you got the youth vote. Now you're also many of the young students might know him he's a champion debater he won speaker of Asia three times in a row but what some of you may not know that he rejected scholarships to Oxford twice. But Oxford didn't reject him he rejected Oxford. Now as a graduate of Oxford I'm not trying to take this personally but you are the youngest member in Malaysia since the country's independence. Now you have said that your aim is to empower the youth and lower voting age from 21 to 18 we'll hear more about that later. Next to Sadik is Annie Kosh she's a professor of finance from Singapore management university she has many portfolios including in the office of business development international trading institute she's on the board and advisor to many companies including which is interesting for us Gov Tech Singapore at the skills of future committee. She has an interesting thing she said everyone can embrace digital as our new sixth sense that is an interesting concept that we have five senses but digital could become sixth sense we have the potential is what professor Annie co has to say and finally we have a local star for all of you we have Lee Hong Min he's a CEO and a co founder of VNG corporation he said I shouldn't call him a star but he is an entrepreneur and a star startup entrepreneur from Vietnam his story is compelling it's fascinating maybe he'll share some insights with us but he did become fascinated by gaming at the age of 15 and went on to set up his own organization which has expanded hugely he's also moved into other internet portals in the Zing category and one of them is Zing Me which was the most popular social media platform before Facebook took over but you have another one called Zing Alo which is a bit like WhatsApp so I think a lot of you young people would know these Zing Alo Zing Me and things he's the man behind all of that so ladies and gentlemen please give a warm welcome to our panel first of all okay now what we're gonna do is good I'm going to start asking questions but you also have a job to do how many students here raise your hands how many of you are students here raise your hands that sounds like two few I see many students okay wonderful a huge majority of students here thank you for raising your hands so the thing is that I'm going to be asking them questions you listen carefully to what they are saying and then I'll ask you to ask questions because this is a fabulous opportunity for you for these people here to share their expertise with you so remember write on questions or think of questions you want to ask and then we at the later stage I'll ask you to ask the questions let me start with you now Aniko you're a professor and all these people are students here so they're used to hearing professors do you think Annie that ASEAN and the region is prepared to embrace the fourth industrial revolution thank you Amrita and a good morning I love it I love a room full of students and of course we are all young on this panel we are young at heart now the reason why we are here is we are actually very excited about the fourth industrial revolution and I think it's not just because it's youthful you know nation in Vietnam but all of us believe that the faith of ASEAN is in your hands it will be in the hands of our young people across the 10 countries in ASEAN and I like to think of it as the four eyes two years ago I spoke in Malaysia and I spoke very very poignantly about the issue of having an ASEAN identity and I call this the soft side I think we talk a lot about digital and we talk a lot about you know technology but at the heart of ASEAN is the ASEAN way but at the same time identifying with ASEAN so I would like to see cross-cultural movement I'd like to see a lot more exchange between students across the 10 countries and that's how we build identity the next eye and I think minister spoke about it very powerfully is innovation we need to unlock the enormous entrepreneurial skills within ASEAN the young ASEAN countries all of you represented in this room I have seen some of the great technological advancements coming out not from the more mature countries in ASEAN but for the younger ones and through technology you could leap frock you could actually not be inundated with legacy the third eye to me is very important is about inclusiveness I think the more we have technology the greater the digital divide and so what I wrote about having the sixth sense of digital skills there are still many people within ASEAN within individual countries that do not have access to health care to payments to financial accounts and even to education so I need the inclusiveness as the third eye and my last eye is integration I think we do not work hard enough we we need more hard work integration calls for working integration calls for champions I need government champions I need social champions and I need corporate champions and I think today we have that in and on this panel and if we work towards the four eyes I think we can actually happily galloped into the fourth industrial revolution thank you very much Annie that was very interesting four eyes I'm going to turn to Rajan now with the second eye which is innovation now you obviously are from a huge tech giant Google so what role does a company like Google play in spreading innovation in a region like ASEAN yeah first and foremost great to be here good morning good morning everyone I love coming to Vietnam I think without question of all the countries that I go to it is by far the most entrepreneurial country everybody I meet is either an entrepreneur like Min or has many businesses that they've started or is about to start one which I assume is most of you most of you in the room so look when it comes to the fourth industrial revolution at the core of it is a digital economy right and when you think about ASEAN the 10 countries combined and the digital economy in ASEAN it's actually quite sizable growing very rapidly but it's got enormous potential so one way we look at sort of the digital economy is as a percentage of overall GDP so if you look at digital economy as a percentage of overall economy in ASEAN it's about 7 percent China's at about 16 percent the top five EU countries at about 25 percent the US is at about 35 percent right so in terms of full potential of the digital economy in ASEAN we've got about five times growth that we that we can achieve and and achieving that as an ASEAN as a group of ASEAN countries really is about making sure that we have one integrated digital economy all right so what does that really mean I think it's very important to have free flow of data across countries it's important to have seamless payments across countries and finally for goods and services as well to move across these countries right but all of that still won't actually help ASEAN achieve its full potential the most important to to to address one of the concerns or issues that professor raised which is how do we make sure that humans win over machines is skills right and and I think skilling is by far the single most important thing and as a company as as Google we've specifically focused on skilling and skilling at all levels right for students for developers for for entrepreneurs and also small and medium businesses and today I wanted to take a minute on small and medium businesses if you look at small and medium enterprises SMEs in in ASEAN they account for about 50 percent of all GDP in the region and they account for 80 percent of all jobs in ASEAN actually small and medium enterprises and if you think about how will ASEAN capture the full potential of the digital economy we believe that probably the single biggest level or you know area that we should focus on is skilling these small and medium enterprises to be able to capitalize on the digital economy and on that front Amrita we I'm delighted to announce today that officially we are going to announce that as Google we are committing to train three million small and medium enterprise owners and employees on digital skills by the year 2020 so across the 10 countries we will commit to training and making sure that these small and medium enterprises therefore can really get the best out of get the best out of digital and the fourth industrial revolution Oh Rajan that's wonderful news especially given that as you said SMEs are the backbone of ASEAN member states turning now to you minister Sadiq now you are obviously the youngest minister as I mentioned in Malaysia since it's independence and you're one of the youngest ministers in the world I would think that is there a great sense of excitement among the young people you want to empower the young generation is there a great sense of excitement about these new technologies and the potential they have to offer there's definitely a great sense of excitement and also a great sense of concern I think as the professor rightfully pointed out just now they are also concerned about growing unemployment rates if we fully rely and we do not transition well but at the same time I believe the future is a lot more optimistic while there are some who say that doors will be closed the point in which we fully automate the point which artificial intelligence replace more conventional jobs however similarly like what happened when spinning Jenny was introduced during the first industrial revolution while you replace one there'll be thousands more which will be created when the computer came in type is were replaced but then you create computer engineers IT software developers and the rest so I think especially in ASEAN when the youth population are very young it's about 25 to 35 years old on average I think the dynamism in which it provides in which it brings is very big there are a lot of untapped potential in Vietnam for example the entrepreneurial community is very big in Malaysia the youth community which takes great interest in gaming for example acts as a precursor towards greater interest in IT and software development and I believe the government or previous governments have been focusing on this even for example since since 2001 we've been focusing on the creation of cyber jire you know we try our best to ensure that we have our own Silicon Valley at the same time we assist a lot of young entrepreneurs to prepare for the fourth industrial revolution since 20 years about 18 years ago so I believe the future looks well and the point in which young people partake in that change making process they equip themselves well the drive to learn is a never-ending journey I believe the youth will be prepared but most importantly here I think they must be great recognition of the youth potential which exists and that's a unique part about the fourth industrial revolution it takes out the age barrier the age limit which previously or the conventional wisdom is that if you are young you are incapable you are inexperienced but when we see some of the best startups being started by young entrepreneurs then it breaks stereotypes it shows that young people are capable but that you recognition must be given by the government by corporate sectors to ensure that in the end we can march forward and not just become leaders of tomorrow but also shape the future today in the fourth industrial revolution I believe will be shaped by my generation and also the success of it will be defined on how governments today defined the current education policy entrepreneurial policy because if we fail today then we'll be left far far behind if we look previously there are some countries who unfortunately fall back when they simply do not accustom from the transition from agrarian economy to industrialized economy to a service based economy I believe ASEAN countries simply cannot take a back footing of this we must be the leader of the fourth industrial revolution with great untapped youth potential I believe we can do the impossible if you put our hearts and minds together thank you ah you talked about you had this high flying corporate career with lots of big companies as a CEO and then you said you had a national calling to join the Malaysian digital economy corporation what was this national calling does it mean that you felt that you needed to shape and give direction to the digital sector in in your country yes thank you good morning it's a pleasure for me to be to be here um MDAC is a um government agency and it was it was started 10 years ago when there was a vision about this Malaysian this multimedia super corridor the MSc um and um at that time when it first started I was a very young manager in a multinational because I feel really old by the way I've been in the industry for 30 years you know when I was studying in school in university the power that you now have the computing power that is now residing in your smartphone actually took computers to feel I would say half of this room um and and and in the 30 years I was I was I was witnessed to I was a witness to the evolution to the revolution that was driven by when Bill Gates said that there was his vision of one desktop on one computer and every desktop when Steve Jobs unveiled his his first Macintosh and the smartphone when the internet face came on board but right now at this current junction I have never been as excited yet also feel threatened with the impact of technology and I really want to uh you know the the whole four IRR uh a concept really put it all together and four IRR will be very much driven by AI and much has been spoken about AI and rightfully AI being artificial intelligence AI being artificial intelligence and because I truly believe that four IRR would be the driven by the AI revolution but if you combine the other things that's happening in the area of um nanotech or neurotech for instance AI is fed through data and data is through sensors from this IOT now there is now technology and innovation about making sensors to the size of atom so can you imagine you can put sensors into bridges sensors into into even your human body there is also this neurotech which talks about how you can transfer your brain waves into into computing into signals that can be translated into computing which means that you can literally be having this telepathic capability so if you think about all that is happening and you couple with the pace that Klaus spoke about the pace of innovation it took 75 years for the for the landline for the phones to go to 100 million it took the smartphones the mobile phones only 16 years and it took the internet only six years and you know what angry bird took only 35 days to go to 50 million users so the pace is going to be so phenomenal so the question is then how do we as a country and I think many have already spoken about it if left with own organic dynamics they will be the winners of this whole revolution the winners would be as as if we were to compare with what happened when horse carriages was taken overtaken by cars the winners were the car companies but they were also a lot of losers you know there was a horse owners owners of horses horse riders who who went out of job so what what do we how do countries and how do nationals I mean leaders of a country really make sure that it is an inclusive an inclusive innovation not just about developing the the the you know the amazons or the apples of the world who will be going to 1 trillion they'll be at market cap of 1 trillion in fact amazon alone the market capitalization is equal to the seven of the largest consumer traditional consumer based companies so it is very important it's only through government intervention and I think many have spoken about skills how do we prepare and waf is is my favorite code waf talks about 65 percent of our children who are going into schools right now will be coming out to jobs that don't even exist jobs that are called traffic drone traffic optimizers you know you wouldn't cryptocurrency consultants so I think this is where the role of the government needs to come in and there is a lot of opportunity but undoubtedly this ever this revolution there will be short-term pain before there will be the long-term game good so if you're talking about governments must be involved and that brings me to Lee Hong Min the government was not involved in your enterprise at all you are a start-up entrepreneur which I think almost everybody has everybody here obviously heard of VNG corporation it was founded by Min and it was co-founded by Min and it was your idea you have a fascinating story to tell Min if everybody in this room from Vietnam knows you but maybe they do not know how you began do you want to tell us how you started VNG corporation okay so the room is full of student and all I can say you just play game and you can start a company that's the short version what's the long version of it and I think a longer version of it is you know I often said to my friends that we are the very lucky generation because when I grow up in the and become a teenager in the early 90s that when computer got introduced to Vietnam and then also a little bit later than internet got introduced to Vietnam so we are the generation that look at the computer and the internet and say wow you know this is something so amazing you know you can just make things happen you can play games you can you know connect to people that not sitting in the same room and right now for all of you in this room that concept seemed very trivial right you know it's it's you know so normal but then 20 years ago in my generation when we grew up be able to sit and wait for a diode computer like 10 minutes connect to a to the internet and then let you go to a forum and you type something and someone respond to you that magical so that's how our generation grew up and then it's very natural for us to to set you know what this is going to happen in a significantly impactful way and everybody is going to do it so let's build a career let's build a company that out of it so in a way many of the thing that you think magical today going to become normal 20 years from now right so I'm not sure like you know what you think is magical but I think it's pretty magical if you ask the computer something and it can answer you in a very natural kind of way I mean like Google just demo something in the Google IO a few months ago right and even you know we are in a tech community we understand that that a demo which means that you know you know you'd have to be prepared very well and then stills it give you a sense of magical wonder month similarly I mean like you know 2007 when steep job introduced the iPhone and for us in the industry we understand that is one of the magical moment so the comeback thing is like you know you sitting in this room I mean I'm trying to address these students right and you hearing all these big talks and you may not understand a lot of them I mean sorry I'm just trying to be practical that my job and the point being is think about 20 years from now just like us 20 years ago because that's your future that's something that you're going to build hopefully you know the next billion US dollar company out of Vietnam or out of Asia and and do the thing that right now don't focus on a thing that is normal right you all having a smartphone on your pocket you all can connect with thousand or maybe you know some of you may have hundred or thousand followers similar to the minister here on social network but all of that is normal today don't do the normal stuff right because the future happening with something today you think is magical something today you think is unimaginable and that's how things normally work right don't believe I mean sorry again I mean don't believe in all the thing that we the people say because we just say the thing that we understand today right and maybe we say something that serve our own interests right think about your interest think about what something that really make you excited and that that I think that that's something gonna be cool for you in the next 20 years hopefully you know what you can make for I'm gonna give you an interview in the station say like you know how you start so that my long story sorry oh that's wonderful if I may just add to the story you know all of your students what he didn't tell you that he was passionate about gaming when he was 15 years old 15 years old and you know at that time parents are always telling their children go and study and stop all this gaming and things but he was passionate and then he went to the world cyber sport in Korea cyber games and then was completely taken by the idea and that was a seed of vng corporation that you see today now how how many of you would like to become a startup entrepreneur like men students all of you are listening how many of you would raise your hands high so I can see them okay so quite a few of them are impressed with your story short and long men and they would like to be like you so okay can I can I ask the question how many of you would like to be a minister on the age of 25 like him raise your hand I mean they want to be both mean all right they want to be an entrepreneurial minister at 25 so okay so I think that more of the students here want to be politicians young politicians then to be a young startup sorry about that man okay now do any of you have questions do does anyone want to raise a hand and ask a question of any of the panelists we have people with microphones who can come back to you okay okay do I see a hand there no I don't someone there raise your hand and stand up if you can because it's difficult to see just a little hand you know in my university we always tell the students don't be afraid to ask questions because that one question from you many other people are also hoping to answer do you see a hand see yeah I can see yeah I see the gentleman there can be take a microphone see I tell you the yeah why don't you stand up so he can bring the mic yeah just and if you just tell us your name and obviously you can speak in Vietnamese and we have a headset so we'll be able to listen I speak English so I want to speak English so my name is my name is Quyen I'm from Hanoi University of Science and Technology so I heard uh uh he has a wife uh Mr. Siddique talk about the uh what the young people um talk about the adaptation to be able to prepare for the future well well I know history has been proven that new technology creates more jobs than it produced but I want to ask you guys what do the young people shoot or must do to be able to adapt for the new era or what do the other people like the uh unadoptable individuals have to do to be able to find jobs to be able to work in the future so that's my question thank you okay should I ask Minister Siddique do you want to uh answer that question yeah firstly thank you very much this is a great question I have a different strategy there I don't believe that young people should just adapt if it's about adaptation I'm pretty sure I wouldn't be here today because adaptation means you conforming to the convention in convention unfortunately usually under privileges young people because the fact of age and experience my suggestion for the youth of ASEAN is for you to think out of the box to ensure that you do beyond the normalcy in the unique part with the introduction of the fourth industrial revolution as we're going to a more tech era a more digital based economy these are our areas of expertise I agree with my colleague find your passion we all have our own passion some of you might want to become politicians some of you want to become young entrepreneurs some of you want to have your own unique tech startup and once you identify that passion while you must you know learn from those with great experience but always think 10 steps ahead always look what your generation or our generation will demand for the next 20 years because if you start up and you follow you conform and you follow the convention there will be thousands or tens of thousands people who will be ahead of you who started earlier but the unique part when you are young usually we are race takers when you are young you have that great enthusiasm and that ever-burning passion in you find that ever-burning passion push all the way and use the most unconventional means to achieve that at times conventional outcome and I believe that if we are able to do so and if every single young person steps into their own passion and potential I believe we can do miracles so I hope that helps thank you can I come in and Rita sure yeah so you know I'm not young like the minister and he's a rock star okay but um I'm employee number 18 in my university and my university is only 18 years old so what happens is we have to keep innovating even as a university and I love the question I don't think you want to be confining yourself just like what Sadik said but what you could do is build your capabilities and I think in science and technology that's digital there's a lot of things in science but even in the arts I'm an economics grad then I move to finance even in econs and finance you could also build your domain so that capability is very important but at the same time you must build your cultures I think regional culture knowledge and awareness of ASEAN is not in your curriculum but you are connected you are connected from day one most of you in this room are born in the year 2000 18 years old in the year 2000 are already digital from birth so you are already connected digitally so build that culture but the last one build the communities I think Min is where he is because he had a community he has an ecosystem so a lot of your learning is not confined to classroom a lot of your learning is outside of the classroom in connecting with the community and sensing where the future will lead you thank you I think we have a question so hand up from a lady there in the middle did anyone raise a hand there can you stand up I see a lady at the back there can you stand up please can you stand up I think there's a gentleman there because it's easier to see you did you have a question yes please stand up there's someone there's one more there okay there's one behind her as well okay uh just can I ask a middle madam as a chief executive of Google in Southeast Asia and India question that is uh do you have state that you like Vietnam and I want to ask why will go don't have an officer department or office in Hanoi which is a very a place that have very young innovators and talented here because I promise with you that uh my country especially in Hanoi we have so many of them um compared to other countries in Asia thank you so that's for your right I think it's a great question so I think first and foremost Vietnam is an extremely important country for Google uh right because of a number of reasons right one um it's got a large number of internet users over 50 million internet users secondly it's an extremely dynamic internet ecosystem there are more small businesses and entrepreneurs that use the internet and leverage the internet to grow their businesses here than actually most other countries around the world and so what we've been really focused on you know the way we approach uh any specific countries to take things in phases so first we want to make sure that all our products work very well right whether it's android search youtube mail and so on and so forth second we want to make sure that we address some of the biggest barriers uh to getting uh citizens of a country online so whether it's access with things like wi-fi whether it's providing uh providing lots of support for ecosystem developers and so on and so forth and and then the last step really is for us to have an on the ground presence so this is something that we have been in discussions with the government for quite some time on and there's a number of things that need to come together in terms of our policies and regulation and so on and so forth that will enable that so uh we are extremely excited about about Vietnam and uh we look forward to obviously making sure that all of you i think the most important thing for us is google is to make sure that all of you work for yourselves and you become amazing entrepreneurs which really is what today is about right and i think the way you should think about google is uh how can you really get the best out of google so you build the skills and the tool sets and the capabilities to build the next google or to build the next vng i'll make it difficult for you so when exactly that's the spirit that's a great question meant i saw another hand of a woman up there or is anyone this side do we have okay we have a lady there uh in a black jacket can we take the microphone yes sorry in a pink glass i come from transformation and communicate university uh and i have a question for you uh nowadays the explosion population is the serious problem so uh can you talk more clearly about uh what pressure on earth on the young people who want to get a job sorry your question was what pressure is there on young people when they get a job yes okay um jasmine do you want to uh uh take that question what um sorry what pressure is on young people when they get a job i mean i think the question is uh because of the fourth industrial revolution what is the pressure on the young people when they go out and get a job yeah okay is it i won't ask me to answer that question because you know she's been through a lot herself and began as a young programmer and then she's risen to all these things so what are the pressures so let the auntie take the question i let it translate first so you know this um when when i spoke just now about the fact that in this whole revolution there will be those who would be disrupted and there will be those that will be disrupting so the chances are that those who are already in the workforce you know like in manufacturing people who have already very they're already very um set in their skill set and are not willing to get re-skilled those will be for sure will be disrupted but the potential disruptors will be the young people so the question is what can young people do right now now i want to talk about this thing may talk about magic magic i am a computer science and applied maths graduate so i'm a science geek from yang i love physics in school and i remember that the one thing that has taken me across and that is why i'm still relevant as an auntie is because of the curiosity you know because i remember watching the tv i came from a small village in melasia and we didn't have a tv in our home but we had a tv in our neighbour's home and i remember watching the tv and i was so upset about not understanding how the little people can appear on that screen so i wanted to study it i wanted to understand it now what is worrying to me right now is if you young people when you study in schools or in university and you only you know it's a degree is the end not the means to an end so if you don't have the curiosity if you look at the phone and you just enjoy it as a consumer and you don't have that curiosity to understand the magic behind it and only when you understand it then you can start creating you can become producers of innovation as opposed to just you know just just enjoying it so that curiosity that curiosity i think is what's going to make you because technology is going to change what you learn today in school it's not going to be relevant two years even three years down the road right so that curiosity to learn is something very very important okay um let me let me quickly ask a question how many people in this room are studying marketing raise your hand like marketing no one i i saw one or two there's one over there okay so just give you an example of what pressure you're gonna face in this so-called industry 4.0 right because it's actually happening so and and thanks to google um sorry i can't like you know make you like they're really loving for this you know yeah i think we are in between you know about five years ago then digital marketing is a very hot sector right because you have to understand how to you know uh advertise a normal business online using google and facebook and a lot of digital marketing tools and you and right now as we speak google is making ai doing most of the job of a digital marketers right so before let's say in vmg then we have teams of people who have to design the campaign who have to set up like you know parameter who have to do search engine optimization we have to do so many things right right now it's magic but basically we tell google we need this and we have this much to spend and google ai figure out the rest so basically within a span of about five years then a very hot sector in vietnam become obsolete right so maybe a lot i mean like not maybe definitely most of the thing that you are learning right now not going to have a lot of practical values i'm sorry to say that right but hopefully you're going to learn some fundamental skill right so that you can continue to learn so i think that the difficult the most difficult thing that you are facing right now is you have to continue to learn to do new things there's not any fixed job in in today world i mean like you know at a moment so we we're looking at our our marketing team and and it's totally different from five years ago all right and then we're looking at kind of like you know what companies like google have done and we we just think it's amazing amazing for for business amazing for google not so much amazing for the people who have done that job before so that that the pressure you are facing and it's happening right now thank you i mean i mean when you started your company which was in 2004 you it was quite a lonely experience for you from what i read i read an interview you gave in 2012 and you talked about how the ecosystem for the kind of work that you were doing did not exist very much but now this year earlier this year in april you were in silicon valley to connect with other people of vietnamese technologists and create an ecosystem for people here in vietnam could we have a silicon valley in vietnam do you think um i i may have a also not a contrarian views on this as well and um maybe the government may not like what i say the minister is there you can say directly face to face to him you don't need an appointment you know in business right so so basically a very common way of doing business is you look at what other people have done and you say okay i'm gonna copy that i mean copy is the word right so many people trying to become a google many people trying to become a facebook and so on and so forth and how many of those people really be successful right you're not hurting someone saying that hey this guy is the second google of the world so in a way if you think about innovation and you think about kind of like you know you're trying to do i think the most important thing i mean yes we would love to learn from google we love to learn from silicon valley but you're not going to be successful learning from google and saying that i'm going to be the second google in a way many of the government trying to say i'm going to build a silicon valley of malaysia or kind of like you know china or vietnam i'm sorry i mean like you know that's the truth yes maybe that in an analogy way that kind of like you know how you're going to explain it for people to understand but it's a fact how we think about you know how to make innovation happen in our context so what we thinking i mean right now as we speak you know we think you know even i come to silicon valley and talk to the vietnamese communities there i think that i should go here and open an office not the other way around not asking those people to move back because i said to them you know what you're living in one of the best place in the world who am i to ask you to move back and who am i to ask you to move back because you love your country i mean like okay thank you but you know you have your life to worry about right i'm i'm very practical so in a way thinking about innovation is again my point being is how to make that happen within a context right and then right now the word you know in a way i think the whole world is sick and valley innovation happening in in any way in any form i mean like you know you don't need to try to confine it within a geographic location right so the trick is to think about what problem you want to solve and how to mobilize resources from wherever possible to solve that problem and i mean you combine two very interesting elements you always talk about being practical but at the same time you talk about magic i think that's a wonderful combination being practical and yet having magic in your operation jasmine you want to say something but before we go to you can i just put one piece of information towards you we also put a poll on twitter we ask people you know a lot of people have concerns that with the fourth industrial revolution a lot of jobs will be lost so we put a poll up on twitter do you think technology will create jobs or destroy jobs overall we got about three thousand replies within a space of a few hours and a majority 58 percent felt the fourth industrial revolution would lead to the creation of jobs 58 percent and 42 percent said they would destroy jobs so i just want to put that information out there and jasmine turning to you what was would you like to add i just wanted to add a little bit more to what ming was saying and this is about the the magic of silicon valley it is true that silicon valley is the what i call the mothership of innovation but it would be cautioned to emulate silicon valley as is because if you think about it two facts that i always put forth number one is silicon valley hasn't been replicated in its in its in its totality anywhere in the world not even in the us so everybody has their own version so we should look into what is organically the strength of a country and and to build innovation ecosystem based on those strengths and not you know because if you say that we want to be the silicon valley of so-and-so then i think it's it's it's almost saying that we're starting off setting ourselves up for failure because silicon valley has not been replicated anywhere in the world so that's number one number two is the question as to whether it's a silicon valley footprint the best and i think it's only half of the story because i was i was on a panel at the economist a year ago and i there was this argument there was this question is asia gonna win or is the us gonna win in the in the race for innovation and i put up and say asia is gonna win because if asia is if if um if winning means as a national win then inclusivity has to be the key driver and america is not inclusive at all silicon valley has got these companies they are trillion dollars in market cap but if you go into midland if you go into the heartland of the us you hardly see any adoption you will still see entrepreneurs who have not embraced um you know in totality you'll still banks who are still very arcade they're still very credit card driven as opposed to um you know e-wallet driven so i think we need to be aware of the fact that silicon valley is only one component of it but inclusivity is something that governments have to really focus on okay so i mean be inspired by silicon but don't copy it is the message i'm hearing okay let's and i want to ask you i told you about this twitter poll the majority things the fourth industrial revolution would lead to the overall more people felt it would create jobs what do you hear in this room thing raise your hands the people who think that the fourth industrial revolution will create jobs how many people think it'll create jobs and you have to raise your hands high because otherwise we can't see them because all of you are wearing white shirts wow okay so the whole panel thinks it'll create jobs and how do you think it will lead to a loss of jobs that is very interesting okay and sadik since you are our youngest panel member here i want to ask you obviously you're very keen that the young people will profit from this digital economy but every time there's big change people get left behind yeah now you as a youth minister how do you feel what would you do to engage that people don't get left behind in what is described as a digital divide sometimes firstly the reason why i believe young people benefit the most because the majority of disruptors are indeed young people so while they are job losses you know it's expected in next two decades about 50 percent of the jobs today can be automated or replaced with ai that's a huge number but the same concern was also dead during the first of the third industrial revolution but the job creation after is a lot more and a lot more tax specific and high skill the concern which i have is access to education in the next 20 years why do i say this with the fourth industrial revolution you'll see the specifications or the specialization needed in order for you to get that job will increase because repetitive jobs can easily be automated and can be replaced once which cannot and once which require high critical thinking creative thinking and also greater specialty like in nanotechnology and the rest which means that the time taken to educate that person will also increase and if you look since the 1800s i mean back then you don't need a very coordinated studying module the time taken to study is also a lot less as time passes by it takes one year two years three years not even four to five years in universities imagine with greater specializations that time will also increase therefore the cost barrier will increase as well however while i say that the unique part about the fourth industrial revolution we cannot imagine what the world will look like in the next 20 years i'm very sure when spinning jenny was introduced and replaced the cotton industry a lot people didn't know that in the end a lot more jobs will be created because from there on word there's a trickle down to greater communities access to those jobs increase as well greater technology and the rest so similarly when i talk about education so while you may seem well the time taken for educational increase therefore the cost will increase as well but when you see education being digitized as well the cost of education becomes cheaper when it is digitized you have digital universities you have free courses you can take up online and now a lot of unnecessary skill sets are being faced out therefore you're only taught what is needed to you so in a way i believe i mean almost everyone i talk to have that concern especially in malaysia because again when young people we were very young country when young people entered the job market you know they haven't specialized yet then their skill sets can easily be replaced but while that is true i think the next 20 years with vr genetic editing a lot of technologies in which we could never ever expect to take place in this era there will be that development at the exponential increase and i believe naturally the inclusivity will also come with it as well especially with a more equitable government a government which cares and takes great interest in protecting the needs of young people the reason in the malaysian context why i'm very optimistic is because firstly we're a very young population at the same time the youth population is very big and especially if you reduce the voting age it'll become bigger so in the end when the youth becomes the future governments corporate entities must cater to their demands in order for the nation to progress so while they are concerns and this concerns are concerns are indeed legitimate i think the benefits in which we will gain will be much larger because not only are the benefits which we can see today but the unimaginable benefits which will come in the next 20 years similarly what we could not have foreseen when spinning jenny was introduced when the computer and internet was introduced i think there will be a greater benefit which we have not seen today but we'll see in the future see malaysia is a good example because you are the youth minister and then you have a prime minister mahatir mohammad who's the oldest leader in the world so you are your you have both ends of the spectrum there where i think and what i would also suggest to all our young student friends say you're all very of course savvy and clever with technology but do also discuss and help your mothers and your fathers and your grandmothers and your grandfathers so they also stay in touch with technology my mother is 85 and she's completely you know with iphone and i messages and whatsapp and everything she does all that i'm learning from her more than she's learning from me so i think you must make sure that your generation of your parents and your grandparents don't get left behind as we make progress in digital technology now okay time for one of you to ask a question a lot a question back there gentlemen in a white shirt hello everybody my last name is paich i have a comment and i have a question the comment is you actually don't want google to come here it means they've cornered the market and the question is for the government officials the EU had just passed a very important law regulation called the general data protection regulation which protects us from google and facebook so the government officials what are you doing to protect your populations against the seeping and intrusiveness of google into our into your population's lives thank you for the government you are the one i have a confidant viewpoint um trust me i'm not being paid by google so i believe data should be as open transparent and accessible as possible not only because data sharing or the transparency of data alone will allow for small companies to then climb up a lot faster in comparison to having monopolies or oligopolies but the same time in the world which we're living today the interconnected the interconnectedness of the world adds a great value to all of us it allows for specific advertisement which then benefits a specific community allows for people or for corporations to target or to cater to the demands of specific communities not on random but what those communities demand for but most importantly what i care about is to allow for small countries or to climb up or to catch up with the european giants i believe that since i mean i follow quite closely the addition the additional regulations placed in european countries based on data protection i believe that will be one of the stumbling blocks in europe especially when you see chinese companies in china which has open data or at least among their own respective communities then being able to tap a huge market and a bigger market if not in europe then in asian in other parts of the world and they are companies having a greater advantage and leverage over european giants but i'm not just looking at china i believe then they will face their own problems as well but then we will look back at countries like melasia singapore vietnam in which these concerns are not the greatest of concerns which then gives greater room for these respective startups and companies to expand data protection is important but over zealous regulation in the long run will hurt the development especially of small medium enterprises and tech startups which already place at a great disadvantage because you don't have the capital like the more bigger industries but i believe that in the end having greater access to data and at the same time data transparency and sharing of that data allows for small medium enterprises and for developing countries to tap into a market which they've never had the opportunity to tap into before thank you but at the same time i i agree all right we studied but i think that's the reason why we have an open forum i think asian is nicely sitting and an opportunity here i think amongst all the 10 countries if we could come together and discuss how do we set in place data governance so that people could trust the data that we are sharing across the 10 countries then i think we at least have a great pilot and we could say that you know data can be shared but shared within certain guidelines and protecting the individual the companies so we don't want to stun the growth but i think we have the capacity to come together and that's why i was very excited because three months ago in smu we started the data governance center which was funded by the economic development board and the private sector so i think today's world we need public-private partnership not in just fixed assets or infrastructure but in digital assets and digital structure i think we have a chance as a region rajin do you want to add anything no i think a couple of thoughts just building on this i think when it comes to privacy you know privacy is consumer privacy is incredibly important right and i think the most important thing for a consumer is to have control of his or her own data right you should be able to control what data is captured how that data is used and the minute you want to delete all data that a platform has whether it's google or other platforms you should have that ability to do right and and where we are today is actually we have that we've created that ability so if you can go to google i'm just speaking specifically about google because the comment was on google you can go to google my settings and actually we share with you as a user all the data that we have about you and you can decide to completely delete the data you can decide to take that data ported to a different platform and so on and so forth right so i think from a privacy standpoint this idea that as a user you control your data is paramount right and then we need to obviously be custodians of that data and give you the choice that you need that whenever you can do that so i think that's first point i think the second one just to build on what the minister was saying look asian's power is in asian right it's 10 countries it's several trillion dollars of a gdp and if you unlock the digital economy of asian it can create a trillion dollars of incremental value right simple way that all of you should think about it is that is pretty much your future if you unlock the digital economy in asian but to be able to do that it's very important i think to the point that was also made is that we have free flow of information with the right set of governance models integrated payment systems again which goes back to information and really a harmonized set of regulations across these countries right because if every country decides to kind of lock down you pretty much have a whole set of small countries that have locked down so by definition not only are you going to impact small businesses and impact their growth and make it harder to start companies but also the addressable market see ideally a vietnamese startup or a vietnamese company should instantly wake up in the morning and say my addressable market is 660 million people and it's two and a half to three trillion dollars right when you do that all of a sudden you're pretty much operating at massive scale from day zero so i think we need to be very very thoughtful about this topic because sometimes you know we forget what's the real objective the objective is to give you as a consumer control of your data amrita if i can just uh just add in quick one to say that you know everybody has said i want echo the fact that for asian this whole concept of data is the new oil and how then do we get the greatest value out of this new commodity that doesn't get depleted you know i mean that doesn't get depleted right i mean data is the only commodity that gets better with time and with as as as it grows but right now the opportunity for asian is really about to leapfrog and understand the optimization and i think what wabi minister has mentioned how do we optimize this this data value at the same time being able to you know balance it with the whole data governance now the caution or the the worry that i have is that data governance i know that within the asian you know there's one of the five tracks in waf asian but however a lot of it is driven from itu and in itu i don't believe there is a track on asian so it's very much driven by the developed countries where i think like the minister says i think going a little bit overboard when it comes to data governance so i think we need to find our own flavor asian otherwise it will be a lost opportunity okay now we have just about five minutes left in this session so um we also actually put out this session and ask people questions on facebook and i have a few questions we'll take one last question from the audience and maybe that gentleman right at the back uh in a white shirt right at the back if you take the microphone to him and while the microphone is going i'm just going to read out a few questions with people ask ethan wang said my concern is how do we compete globally ked kate asukum said um as the u.s economies entering a late cycle of growth expansion would the possible recession greatly affect asian what are the pros and cons of growing presence of china in asian countries amelia kings and ethical considerations should not be neglected as i mentioned uh sre prana my question to asian leaders how do clm countries enhance economic growth and radon sung with increased importance of blockchain technology we didn't talk about at all in the supply chain taking into account the technology advancement gaps across member states what are the strategic plans to ensure that the technology will benefit asian international trades and enhancing um mobility okay so those were the internet questions that we i'm sorry we were not able to answer but some of the questions were answered in what we were said we'll take a last question from the gentleman at the back and then we'll have final comments from the panel i think i have a question for you that um i know that uh when we join asian group i think that there are many uh country uh when uh when um um big combined and um that that means that there are no boundary between uh country and uh i am uh i think that there is many a big company when uh join in vietnam so do you think that if you uh uh advantage or did advantage with the small business uh in vietnam i think many of the panelists will agree that asian collectively is stronger than as individual nations but i'll let uh in fact min answer that but since there's a gentleman right next to you also wants to ask we'll take your question as well and we'll get collectively uh min to answer them please ask your question the gentleman in the blue shirt yeah have a very good young people and 50 percent of uh southeast asia uh create 50 percent of the uh gdp of the uh southeast asia and google is a very uh strong companies on ai and i are for a so now what uh google is uh uh take uh pay the attention to in asian and in vietnam in particular do you have any mechanism to support the uh companies in asian and in vietnam second questions go to the minister of asia uh you are supporting the government so what are the support that uh malaysian government uh pay for the sme and start-up to uh uh follow uh the i for ir and the last question for mr min you are the very successful start-up uh we have a very difficult uh for the start-up which is the capital do you have any advice uh for the start-up uh to raise the fund and to collect uh to call for the capital thank you uh may the uh may uh one question we've now got four questions if you don't mind minister do you mind if you just take five minutes over the session if it's fine with the minister sorry about that uh but these are important questions and i think we'll start with you min um if you can answer the last question the young man asked as well as uh the earlier question that we heard yeah i got i got a lot to ask this question a lot um you know how to raise money and uh you know specifically and uh in a way it's a simple and difficult question to answer because you know you asked specifically and not generally right because people are going to often say that uh you know you're going to go to cvc you're going to raise money from friends and families and so on so forth i think generally for my own experience raising money and then i own my own experience of seeing other people raising money my answer may disappoint you i think the best way of raising money is not to raise but wait for people to give you money yes right okay so basically when you are so good that people like myself or rajan say please take our money please that is how you raise money i agree of course i mean like you know if you are not i mean and i'm sure that uh in in in this word economic forum there's many people many startups that you may got to see later that they experience the same thing so so how to to do that um and and there will not be any specific answer to to the the word how right because it's really pan on you but but basically the point being is i just make it simple don't go ask for money right do something that people want to give you money that that's how you're going to get it if you go ask for money it can be painful and it's not going to work out okay thank you okay rajan there was a question for you for google and yeah no i look we uh um we we're doing a lot to try to support startups right and it ranges all the way from skilling right so we've got huge focus programs around helping you know whether it's mobile developers skills in ai ml and so on so that's at one end of the spectrum which is skilling second you know we have a whole set of programs around cloud around digital advertising and so on and so forth where we actually specifically our focus and support startups and third we have a program called launchpad accelerator um you know it's a those of you that are building startups and if you're interested in leveraging the best of google it's for early stage companies where we have a six month intensive uh period of mentoring with startups we don't do it for a large number we do it for a very small number of startups where we bring the best of google engineering product sales marketing so on and so forth and then it culminates with uh with spending some time at our corporate headquarters head office in mountain view so it's really a range of things that we do all the way from uh skilling developers to actually working with early stage uh early early stage companies and then across a zian we've also started uh investing in in companies so some of you may be familiar we actually made an investment in a company called go jack and and several others so so so it's really a range of things that we do to uh support startups we are i mean i i open with this uh we are incredibly excited about the entrepreneurial energy and the entrepreneurial passion in in vietnam okay and minister sardik is a question for you as well on malaysia yeah um i personally believe it's not a great idea to micromanage the success and failures of startups i'm a bigger fan of ensuring that we prepare a fertile ground for young people to then be well educated so that then they can have their own startups because startups are independent right um so i want to talk a lot more about creating a fertile ground what is i think from the lowest of spectrums is just to ensure that internet is accessible to as many people as possible so while we have the great city of koala lumpo there are also areas in malaysian which internet access especially for g is not the greatest on some areas where it is at least uh there's a big cost barrier so one thing the government is focusing on the minister of communication why we go bin sing is to ensure that internet becomes more affordable and accessible and one plan which we put forward in the next two years is to ensure that the cost of internet is slashed by 50% and internet speed is doubled and that's one of the biggest kpi's which i believe he is looking into that's one part because then when you do that entrepreneurs will come out on your own interest from the internet will then develop your own independent startup communities secondly is through education that's why now we are ensuring that coding is made the subject in schools so that it can be taught to students as young as um eight nine ten years old we have a lot of coding competitions run by the government and also by private sector to ensure that interest in coding is also expanded for the more um i also believe in using unconventional ways to achieve a conventional outcome because to me that's all about young people wherever i travel almost all the successful entrepreneurs who i've met especially in the tech industry usually start up their interests in playing video games i mean i mean this is one more which i just heard i met out of the founder and uh CEO of razor and he said the exact same thing yeah i mean he started out by becoming a gamer look at some of the best uh i mean multi-billionaires it all started with their interest partially due to that so that's why i'm very keen because it's not just about the youth ministry it's also about the sports ministry which is under my portfolio which is to make esports very big and very keen on that i mean i'm competing with a singapore with vietnam um i know main world that we try to capture the market but in malaysia for example half of our population are made up of gamers i mean i just remember my bodyguard and he's like about 40 to 50 and when he's free i see him playing mobile legends his children play dota at the same time malaysia while only a population of 32 to 33 million but in terms of gaming revenue it's ranked 21st much larger than some of the biggest economies but why i'm interested in this talk of the gaming part less about that of the industry and the ancillary benefits in which we'll create the interest and passion in not just becoming a gamer by becoming a software developer an IT developer the passion and love into one's mobile phones or specifically IT i mean i think if we are able to create that fertile ground and territory which acts as a helicopter pad or a launch pad for more startups i think in the end the government doesn't need to micromanage in the end we will have successful entrepreneurs like min coming up even without great government assistance just by inspiring them and preparing the right ground will move them forward for more detailed explanation we have the amazing mdector here that's a yes man who's definitely leading that chart so let's give some time dear audience the challenge is that we are fighting against time at the moment so i'm just going to ask yasmin to in 30 seconds to give a final comment and then i want any to end with the first i identity because we had one question about asian as as a whole and sovereign nations so 30 seconds for you and 30 seconds for you and it's amazing how the young minister learns to delegate so fast but okay just to just to wrap up i guess yes so uh you know i mean for sure this four i r is real is coming and either we wish which which end of the stick do we end that uh you know are we going to be disrupted are we going to be disruptees so um the role that the government and and i do agree that it's not i think min you're mentioning or any you mention it it has to be a public private government cannot micromanage government cannot be too prescriptive about what needs to be done innovation is also about you know about creativity right so a few things that we need to do like in malaysia why be a minister mentioned i'm the minister mentioned the fact that infrastructure and a lot of asian countries need to leapfrog in this malaysia has apart from the our minister uh has mentioned has doubled the speed at half the price but as well has gone to say that uh internet base internet access to internet is a basic human right and that we are that he is actually pushing for this to be put into the constitution right so that thing that's number one the second part is that skills and skills and skills and skills investing in our young this is so crucial and this is something that the government education is not about textbook it's not about telling them exam base it's about curiosity it's about projects about problem solving skills and the last one is about you know to the young people you are at such an interesting journey i wish i'm young all over again i wish you know i was right where you are coming into the coming out of university with the world ahead of you if if asian or if vietnam is going to leapfrog in this it's going to be driven by you if you do not do it then the rest of the people who are already in the workforce are chances are they will be disrupted so you will have to leapfrog and how do you do it you got to be a society of dreamers and i'll always say this dream the big dreams to solve the impossible problems nothing thank you very much yes that's very inspiring and and your final word for you very good thank you i get to say the last word i think um the idea of identity actually came from the global shapers so the fact that we have 75 startups showcasing on this platform today is great so how do we get there i think the identity can only be built if you know purpose and passion i think min talked about magic the reason why he has the magic is he has a passion we need to be here now on a good common purpose and we cannot do this alone so we need partnerships and that's why we are on this stage because we believe that the public private partnership can make this happen and the last one is not because google is here platforms asian is a platform so come on this platform come together with the governments with the companies and all of us can make a better bigger a safer asian together thank you thank you very much that's a wonderful so a final word from me and i want to thank all of you very much for being here especially the students as well as the public because the whole aim of this exercise was to open up the forum to new ideas to share with you the new insights of these experts have and you know it's been a lot of talking we've all been sitting here and talking talking talking and maybe some of the stuff was a bit academic but i hope for the students particularly that there was some ideas which you took away from this discussion things about passion things about dreaming things about magic these are all wonderful words i hope in some way they have inspired you to a better future because you know i heard the two things i want to share with you one of them is dream but dream with your eyes open and the other thing that i heard is that when opportunity knocks at your door open it so i hope that we've opened some doors for you today in terms of ideas in terms of inspiration we have a very inspirational panel here so i'm going to thank the minister very much for being here thank you very much minister and i want to thank all of you in the audience and especially i want to thank my wonderful panelists thank you very much a big hand to all of you and thank you and all of you i hope you've got your copy of this i have one copy here and min had said i should give it to the person who asked the best question but min there were so many good questions can i give my copy to you he doesn't need it but i would like to give it as a tribute as an inspiration of vietnamese startups may i give this copy to you thank you very much thank you thank you thanks adik lovely to have you thank you rajin and thanks jasmine minister can we have you on the stage and have a photograph with you thank you very much thank you please come and join us


OK, da se vse. Zato pa se počnem, da se prihodimo na tribole, da je zelo, da so prihodili, tribole je zelo, da se inožite vse, da se je rejtivne vse, da je naredila vse, da je zelo prihodila, kaj je način, da je zelo prihodila, da je zelo prihodila, je zelo vrčak. Počnem, da ste sečni, da se v 50-jih, kako je bolj in tabo izgleda za najbolj koncept vajne zvršenje, ne vsega vzvečenja vzvečenja je zelo vzvečenja in vzvečenja pa vzvečenja in vzvečenja in tribolega.  Protočno nanov technologicale, mikro in nanomekanika systems, slj hearts. Sofer serious problem of addition and friction due to the high surface to volume ratio, and very importantly the energy saving. The friction and well results in massive economic and environmental costs. So virtually every nation has realized that it cannot afford to overlook the advantages in resorcije in trivoložije. Tukaj je pravda za energijegi in karstvom. Zvukaj, da je tudi 21% energijegi in karstvom izgleda, da je vse karstvom. Vse karstvom je vsega. If you consider the large number of cars that are in the world today, you can understand that just 10% of the friction reduction in every car engine will produce very consistent fuel savings and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Technologi, ki so vznikovati, are based on materials. Liquid lubricants, constitutivne base oil, where lubricants additives, molecules, compounds, are included. Solid lubricant powders, like molydron disulfide and graphene graphite, and coatings made of hard materials, like diamond-like carbon, that can virtually reduce friction and wear of every surface on which they are deposited. The functionality of all these materials is deeply affected by surface chemistry. So it's very important to... So first principle calculation of a very important tool to investigate the intrinsic interfacial properties and also to quantify them. We defined a computational protocol to calculate the work of adhesion between two surfaces in contact by means of first principle calculation. This is simply obtained as the difference between the interfacial energy, the interface is defined as a system constitutiva of two slabs in contact, and the sum of the energies of the two separated surfaces. By calculating this adhesion energy as a function of the relative lateral position of the two surfaces, we obtained the potential energy surface that describes the variation of the adhesion energy during sliding. And by selecting symmetry direction, we can obtain the potential profile along that direction and by derivative the frictional forces, and we defined the ideal shear strength as the minimum force that represents the resistance to sliding, that represents the static friction force of that interface, and divided by area gives the ideal shear strength of that interface, which represents the maximum resistance to sliding. So thanks to the MAX project, we could implement this computational protocol as a workflow based on the AIDA platform that allows to obtain these intrinsic interfacial properties automatically for a large number of materials. And the workflow that we implemented is thought for non-specialized users, so a limited number of input parameters are required, and most of the computational choices are made within the workflow, in the test that are carried out automatically. And the workflow is composed by four units. In the first one, the bulk properties are calculated, so the theoretical lattice parameter is obtained, as well as the optimal k-poj density for that system. In the second unit, the surface is constructed, and the optimized surface structure is calculated, as well as the surface energy. The third unit is dedicated to the interface, which is optimized, and the potential energy surface is obtained, calculating the adhesion for different lateral positions. And finally, calculating the interaction energy of the two surfaces for different positions. And finally, the tribological properties, intrinsic of that solid interfaces are obtained, that are the adhesion energy, which corresponds to the PES absolute minimum, and the ideal shear strength, which as I said is the maximum resistance to sliding offered by that solid interface. Here you can see a representation of the potential energy surface calculated, for example, for the aluminum 111 interface, which presents the symmetry of an hexagonal lattice. Here you can see the potential profile along the x-direction, this 101-direction, and this is the potential profile along the y-direction. Of course, the system will not follow in a straightforward way these directions, because the path that has the highest statistical weight is the minimum energy path that connects the PES minima passing through the saddle point. So we implemented in our workflow the zero-temperature string method that allows to identify the minimum energy path on a given potential energy surface. So this method evolves a string, a gamma path, according to the forces acting parallel to the path, because in that the perpendicular potential forces is equal to zero. And the simplest dynamics is given by this equation where v is the velocity perpendicular to the path, because the velocity along the path is irrelevant and it simply describes the motions of the points of the path along the path. So for the same reasons, it is also the parameterization chosen to describe the path can be chosen with freedom, and also in a simple way. And so by solving an ordinary differential equation, the motion of the path toward the minimum energy path is described and so the final path is obtained. We have collected some preliminary results for FCC, BCC, crystalline structure. Here I show you, for example, the outputs that are collected from the workflow in a database which are the theoretical lattice parameter, the optimal k-poj density, the surface energy, the adhesion and the shear strength along two symmetry paths that are optimized to the minimum energy paths along that direction. So we will use this workflow to calculate these intrinsic interfacial properties for many solid interfaces, including also the presence of adsorbates and the passivating species that can deeply affect the adhesion and the shear strength resistance to slide. And so the comparison of the data will give insight into the functionality of lubricant materials. To explain a little bit in more detail what I mean for this insight that we can gain by calculating the adhesion and shear strength, I would like to present an example based on graphene. Graphene has been recently proposed as a new emerging lubricant not only for nanoscale applications, but also at the macroscale. You can see here the measurement of the friction coefficient of steel on steel performed at Ergoni National Lab in dry conditions. And when some droplets of this ethanol solution containing graphene flakes has been applied at the sliding contact. You can see that the friction is reduced by 5, 6 times and the wear rates decreased by 4 order of mantitudes. So these are very interesting results that attracted the interest of the tribology community to identify the microscopic mechanism that provides lubricity when graphene flakes are present. And a fourth explanation was proposed by the group of Mauseler who performed classical molecular dynamic simulations and suggested that the lubricating properties of graphene are related to a mechanical action basically due to the load carry capacity of the graphene layer that reduces the penetration depth of the tip, reducing the friction. And when the layer is ruptured, the substance friction is recovered and the lubricating properties are lost. This explanation, however, doesn't take into account the chemical interactions and in particular it doesn't fully explain the Raman spectra recorded after the tribological test that show that the low friction regime are observed when graphene is present in the wear tracks, even very defective graphene and while the high friction regime is obtained when graphene is removed from the wear track, not just ruptured. Indeed, we consider that the lubricating property of graphene may be related to a chemical effect due to surface passivation and the negative effect of load could be that of peeling off graphene and that reduces the coverage of the surface by graphene. We investigated these hypotheses by means of first, popularized density functional theory calculations. We used different same correlation functional, also including the van de Waas interaction. In order to minimize the mismatch between the graphene lattice and the 110 surface of iron which we considered, we rotated the graphene layer with respect to the surface and used this rectangular cell. And we calculated the binding energy of graphene on this substrate which is rather high, 0.9 javol square meter and that indicates that graphene can be solved on iron which is in agreement with experimental spectra that reveal an idealization of the pi orbital of graphene with the 3D states of iron which are not fully occupied. We also consider rebones where the reactive edge enhance the adhesion so this edge anchor the flakes on the surface and then we constructed the interface. First of all, by mating two iron surfaces and that's obtaining the adhesion which equals twice the surface energy as expected. Then we consider an interface composed by a clean iron surface fully covered iron surface by graphene and we calculated the adhesion which is 80% reduced by the clean surface with respect to the clean situation and in a fully passivated interface we obtain almost 90% decrease of the adhesion. Iron surface is covered by graphene become almost inert and present very low adhesion and very low adhesion. This is clearly evident if we plot the adhesion energy as a function of the surface separation in the blue core, the blue core represents the clean interface and the black one is a fully passivated interface by graphene. This core is very similar to the red core which is obtained for the belayer graphene so you can see that the surface passivation by graphene changes the nature of the surface-surface interaction from chemical to physical. This produces a nine-me impact on the resistance to sliding of the system. As you can see by comparing the potential energy surface obtained for iron on iron to that obtained for a fully passivated interface. Not only the symmetry of the two potential energy surface changes but most importantly the corrugation. We have used two different scales here and the minimum energy paths the corrugation of the minimum energy paths is reported here and from which we obtained the shear strength for the two interfaces which are very different almost two orders of magnitude. The fact of graphene is to reduce by almost two orders of magnitude the resistance to sliding of iron. These properties affect the macroscopic properties such as the friction coefficient. Adhesion and chemical interaction really have a high impact on what is measured macroscopically. These calculations seem to confirm that the passivation plays a very important role. We verified these hypotheses by experiments in our institute. We can also perform tribological experiments by means of ball on disk trebometer and we compared the friction coefficient of graphene on iron and on bronze. When the ethanol solution containing graphene flakes was used for a ball or steel on an iron substrate we obtained this red friction coefficient which is much lower than in the case of dry condition and in the case of poor ethanol which is not stable. And the Raman spectra revealed that the graphene is present in the wear track on the iron disk. When we repeated the experiment on bronze we obtained an even lower friction coefficient with the ethanol solution containing graphene flakes. And the Raman spectra indicated that graphene is present not on the wear track not on the bronze disk but on the steel ball. Indikati, if we compare the binding energy of graphene on copper which the sample of bronze was made mostly of copper so the binding energy of graphene physics of some copper while it can be solved on iron as it's also clearly visible in the addition energy is a function of distance. So what happens is that graphene flakes attach to the ball made of steel and they cover the native part of the balls that are very reactive and are exposed during rubbing. So in both cases, in the first case the reactive part of the surfaces of the contact was on iron, on the iron disk that was covered by graphene and in the second example the ball was covered by graphene because the substrate doesn't present a very high surface reactivity. So the lubricating property of graphene are related to its ability to passivate the reactive native surfaces that are exposed during rubbing. So, in konkluzion we developed a computational protocol to calculate from force principle the adhesion and shear strength of solid surfaces. The protocol has been implemented as either workflow and now we have this software that can be used to calculate the tribological properties of solid interface in a high throughput way and knowing these intrinsic interfacial properties the knowledge of these intrinsic interfacial properties like the adhesion and the resistance to sliding is very important to get inside into the lubricating properties of materials and I have presented an example which is based on graphene that is considered a new emerging lubricant. I would like to thank the people who mostly contributed in the development of the workflow first of all Paura Restucia, Giulio Fatti and Mikael Wallock also Giacomo Laudite, professor Mauro Ferrario I would like to mention Diego Marchetto who performed the experiments and of course Tankte Max project for support and I would like to thank you for your attention.


Hi, I'm Jess. I take care of the social media here at Art Resin and I've got a resin tip for you Well, it's not really a tip per se But I did want to let you know that we're active on all the social media platforms Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, Pinterest, and TikTok Check them out because that's where you'll find lots of resin tips, project videos, artist profiles, and lots more The links are in the description box below. And that's your resin tip for today. See you next time!


I've looked at the line of the speakers from 2020, 2021, 22. Every single person there is someone that I want to learn more from, and they're all experts, unquestionable, impeccable credentials.  They are showing you it can be done, they have proven it, and that's the best part. So the idea of this is to not just share, but also provide these recipes that engineers and managers and directors can take away and actually implement immediately. It has an application immediacy. You can use these ideas, apply it immediately, and get the wins. So in that way, it lives up to its name. If you are thinking about the investment of the time that you're coming here or participation costs and things like that by your own team, compare that with how much time it will take to learn all of these things via Google or other training exercises, those costs are prohibitive.


If you try and chase two rabbits, they both get away. So pick which one you're going after and go grab that sucker. And there was a study that I saw, and this changed everything for me, because I also was someone who could easily chase the shiny and chase the flashy, try and do multiple things at once. I saw a study that was done by a gentleman named John Berardi, who started a company called Precision Nutrition. And he did a research study. And he found that when they had one group focused on changing one singular behavior at a time. And when they only focused on one behavior, they had an 85% success rate. I'm not a gambler. I'm not a big better, but you tell me that I have an 85% chance. I'm taking all of my chips, and I'm all in. They're all going in. I like those odds. But what absolutely blew my mind was in the second group, control group, they had them try and change two habits simultaneously. And the percentage of success dropped down to about 40%. Less than half of that original group. And then just for giggles and smiles, he had a third group try to change three behaviors simultaneously, and their percentage of success dropped down to about 4% or 5%. So just by diverting our focus and attention from one to two or one to three, we go from 85% success down to 4% or 5%. And as soon as I read that, I said, I'm going to start having singular focus in everything I'm going to change. So here's the process that I recommend folks go through. Do a self audit. Come up with a list of a few things that you think you should start doing and a few things you think you need to stop doing. Because these things are getting in the way of you becoming the best version of yourself. And once you have a list of three or four, I want you to really reflect and I just want you to circle one. Not one on each side, just one. Here's something I need to start doing to improve my life or improve my business or stop doing because it's been undermining it. Once you've picked one, and that is step number one, you make a commitment to doing that for the next 66 days. I love printing out a paper calendar, getting a red Sharpie and making an X. And I tell you what, there are very few things in life is satisfying as putting a red X on a calendar and starting to see that chain of red X's build up. It will help you get confidence. So that's step two is you make the commitment to doing it for 66 days. And then here's the big one. You recruit an inner circle of people to hold you accountable to this. So this is going to be your, they're going to help keep the spotlight on. And these people are going to check in with you every single day for the next 66 days to make sure you do what you say you're going to do. So let's just say to make this one easy because I think physical fitness is a visceral example. Someone says, I need to start having more self-care to how I treat my body so that I have more energy and more focus throughout the day. So I'm going to make a commitment to go for a walk for 30 minutes every morning. That's just one thing. They didn't buy a Peloton bike. They didn't get a membership to the yoga studio. They didn't have a dietitian come in and buy them groceries. All they're going to do is go for a walk once a day for 30 minutes. They make the commitment to doing that for 66 days. They print out their calendar. They put it on their desk. They get a beautiful red sharpie. And then they tell the people closest to them. Could be a spouse.  Could be a coach. Could be someone they work with. Could be a neighbor. And say, I want you to text me every single morning and ask me if I went for a walk. Ask me, did I go outside or walk on the treadmill? Ask me how far I went. Ask me what I listened to and check in with me. And you know, one of the emotions that unites all human beings outside of psychopaths is we don't like to disappoint the people that we care about. So if I know you're going to text me later today to ask if I went for my walk, I don't want to let you down. You're my guy. So that's going to give me just a little bit of extra incentive to do it. Above and beyond the own personal commitment I made to myself. And if you pick one, you do it for 66 days, and you get a team of people to hold you accountable, I'm betting everything I got on the fact that you are going to change that habit. And then the beautiful part is at the end of 66 days, now you pick something else.