Well, hello and welcome to another Dev Nation Live. I'm coming to you live from Amsterdam. Hopefully my internet connection will stand up enough to get through this session today because we have a very cool topic to talk about. We're gonna show you serverless on Kubernetes, specifically this open source project called Knative and we have one of our resident experts here from Red Hat. He actually goes by William Marquito as his nickname. So just some insider knowledge, he actually knows something about Brazil. So that's where that middle name comes from. Maybe he'll tell you more about it when he gets on the scene here. But at this point, I'd like to turn it over to him. He's got a lot of great content to focus on and I'm sure you're gonna enjoy what you see with this trigger technology. So William, it's up to you now. All right, thank you, Per. Yes, happy to talk about Knative and a little bit about our serverless plans in Red Hat. Yeah, as the presentation already on, can I start already? Let me share my screen here real quick. There you go. Put that full screen mode. Alrighty, so let's cover a little bit about the basics on Knative and I also have prepared a demo. Let's see if we can get it running on my machine. I mean, it's a lot of moving parts installed on Minishift on my laptop. If that doesn't work well, we have a recorded session as well as a backup, but let's see. So to start, I'd like to ask a question. So can you actually implement the serverless way without functions, right? And that might be a weird way to start up talk about serverless, but in fact, we are used to have that question, I would say, and back on the SOA days, we have the same question about service buzz and people would say, can you actually implement service-oriented architecture without service buzz? If you're doing IT, I'd say around 2004, 2009, you would have the same kind of similar question. And I'd say that even today, that still hasn't been completely solved because if you actually search service-oriented architecture on Google, you get the definition that it's actually an internet protocol, which is quite weird if you ask me, right? But going back to the actual topic here, which is serverless, right? The actual definition from CNCF, which I think is a very good one, covers some of the main topics here, right? I would say about serverless. So the idea of building and running applications that of course do not require server management that are executed and scaled and built, ideally on demand, right? That's the whole point. And there is something in the middle there where you see the bundled as one or more functions, right? But if we actually remove the bundled as one or more functions from the picture, does that change the concept of what serverless is? Like I really don't think so, right? Then let's dive more into that. If you actually look at the high-level traits, I would say for serverless, right? Again, beyond just talking about functions, right? You get those same traits regardless if it's a function or microservice or an application or any containerized application. So the idea of leveraging no server, no management of servers, implicitly high availability and consumption-based pricing, auto-scale, auto-provisionment, if you can leverage all that in any class of application, right? So why limit that to only functions, right? And that's exactly where I would say Knative comes and help and provide a lot of that infrastructure. So what exactly is Knative? So you can think about Knative as a set of extensions to Kubernetes and those extensions, they provide building blocks to build a serverless platform, but again, not specifically tied to functions or not. Again, any container-based application can be used here. The three extensions, the three modules that are part of Knative are build, serving, and eventing where build is more about the actual building your source code into an artifact. That could be a jar, that could be a zip file or a container, of course, that to run in Kubernetes, we're talking about containers here, but that's the idea of like coming from source and going to something that is executable, right? And then you have serving. So now that I have that container, that application build, I gotta serve that application some way, right? And serving takes care of that, but not only that, it also offers a way to serve that application reacting to events, right? And it also offers the capability of scaling according to the number of events it received and also scaling down to zero, right? Which then saves some resources when that application is not being executed. Last but not least, we have eventing, which is that the third module here, the third component I'd say from Knative that offers infrastructure for eventing. So that's how you define event sources, channels, and how those events are actually going to trigger your application in serving. And I'll dive a little bit more into that in the next slide. So diving a little bit into build. So the idea of build is then to provide a step, so a list of containers that are run in a certain order and those steps become your build steps. Just this week, this component is being out, I mean, I'd say redesigned or discussed to be called pipelines or build pipelines because in the end of the day, all those steps of build, they kind of create a pipeline itself, right? There is this idea of a build template as well. You can use, you can install different build templates on the platform and by using those build templates, you have then effectively a reusable template to build an application. So if that's a Java application, you wanna build using build. Or if that it's maybe a build pack, you can think, you can install those different templates. And on the right side here, you have an example of that CRD of that YAML file that describes the build, right? But if you're already an OpenShift user, I mean, this idea is probably not new to you. You already had OpenShift build and source to image, but this is now applying or reusing some of those concepts to, I'd say, any Kubernetes installation. Serving is then about serving that container that you just built. So you have the idea of a service that it actually includes routes, configuration and revisions. The configurations are then it's a pointer to the head of the latest revision of that application. A revision is then a snapshot, a pointing time of that particular application of that code, if you may. And then you have routes, which is then how traffic is going to be sent to that revision, right? That said, you might notice some similarity here to what you probably have seen already in some issue talks because behind the scenes, Knetive serving is today leveraging issue to do traffic split and to deal with all the different revisions and route the percentage of the traffic to those revisions as well. Last but not least, we have eventing. Eventing is, as I said, again, this idea to provide a generic eventing framework. It's already using Cloud Events, the CNC app spec, as far as the format for the events or the messages.  The API at a high level, I can define some of this construct. So the idea for receive adapter, channel subscription and those I would say are the three big ones. Receive adapter, you can think of it as a way for your event source to map that particular event to something that is going to be then sent to Knetive channel. And then you have the channel itself, which is a named endpoint and all these concepts, all these APIs, I would say they are high level constructs. The implementation behind the scenes, for example, for a channel, it could be provided by Kafka or an AMQP server or what have you, right? And then you have the subscription, of course, which then registers to a channel to receive those events. If we look at the eventing model in this diagram that's coming from the Knetive docs, you get a better sense for the whole workflow, right? For example, for a GitHub event, you implement a receive adapter that runs on a single pod, that receive adapter then sends to a channel, that channel is backed by a Kafka topic. That Kafka topic then has a couple of subscribers, in this case, two subscribers. And then from there, you actually deliver that event to your service, which is effective within your application, right? That's a high level, I'd say, description of the whole workflow of eventing. But so when we look at the Knetive constructs and the high level, I'd say the traits you see here, so configuration, revision, route, service, build, all of those you can map to, I'd say, one factor, right, from the 12-factor app. So those, I would say, are common traits for most modern cloud-native applications today. So the idea to keep code and configuration separate, the idea to trigger a new revision for every single change you make in your source code, how you're going to handle concurrency, disposability, again, that's something that is, I'd say, natural for a serverless platform. And then the idea of separating the build steps from the running steps, from releasing, all of that, I would say, you already get out of the box from this high level constructs in Knetive. And looking a little bit now into what Knetive and Red Hat is, I'd say, I mean, what Red Hat has been doing with Knetive, overall, I'd say that would be the architecture we see. I mean, of course, you have RHEL, you have Kubernetes, and you have OpenShift, but then you have Knetive there providing this infrastructure for events and build and serving applications, right, where you'd have this thin layer called function as a service on top of it, if you want to build a fast. And effectively, what comes, what goes into that function as a service layer is just the invoker, the runtime, and maybe a CLI, but you already get that out of OpenShift with OC or ODO, OpenShift do, right? And then you have the API also. So this is, I would say, how we are working with Knetive to enable some of that in OpenShift, but we also, I would say, envision a future where different cloud providers that want to support their function engine on top of Kubernetes, that they could also embrace Knetive or make it Knetive compliant, if you may, or whatever that means. But if you get to that stage, I would say, then you effectively have a way to implement function as a service that is interoperable, right? Because given the nature of Kubernetes and OpenShift, you can run that on-premise or on any cloud. We are also working on our own fast, which is OpenShift Cloud Functions, but you can see how that becomes then a more easy way to avoid, I'd say, locking, right? So you are not, if you're using, if you like the Azure Functions model, let's say, or the IBM Cloud Functions model, you can still do that on-prem or even on a different cloud provider if you want to. So looking at the whole workflow here, and soon enough, I'll get to the demo, you can see here that, I mean, it all starts with the functions or an application. So someone builds an application, for example, and send that to KnativeBuild. That is going to then provision or send that container to serving. And then going with the workflow, let's say application A here, send a new event, a new entry or upload a new file to a service. And I'm just using some Red Hat products here, but again, you can think of that or any other event source, any ISV event source, what have you, right? Those services, those event sources then, receive that event, send that to a receive adapter, and then you have in Knative events, the channel that is going to receive that, send to the function or to the application as a cloud event, and then you have Knative and events handling, Knative serving and Knative events handling those moving parts, I'd say behind the scenes, right? So for you developer, again, you were concerned, just I would say with the yellow parts, everything else become part of the infrastructure. So let's dive into the demo, which hopefully makes things a little bit more concrete. Let me move away from the full screen. Let's make sure things are up and running here, up and shift console. So I'm running everything locally, right, on my machine. And as I said, because I'm sharing my screen here, and I do have a lot of things deployed on my mini shift cluster, my CPU, as you can see, it's a bit overwhelmed, but this is a mini shift environment with Istio, Knative build, Knative eventing and Knative serving already installed. And I'm going to now execute some commands, to demonstrate how to create a service. Effectively, I'm going to show you how to create a blue-green deployment using Knative, right? I have a set of instructions here. Those will be available on a GitHub repo as well, but just to get started, right? I mean, I'm skipping the installation steps, and I can cover that later if we have time. But at this point, we have, this is the definition of a service in Knative. So you have the definition here of what the service looks like. I'm asking Knative to run the latest configuration for that service. You have the definition of the revision, and I can't double click here. Let's go back. There you go. You have the definition of the revision template and the actual spec for that container to run. So this would be a straightforward configuration for a revision and a route as part of a service in Knative. But I think it would be more interesting to actually show that into separate steps. So let's start with creating just the configuration, right? So at this point, I have the configuration for that same container, and I'm specifying here the container concurrency as well. So how many instances of that container I want to run? So let's add into this real quick. I'm in the wrong directory. There's this terminal here. It's already in the right place. Okay, so here I have... Oh, I just learned about that, which is much better. So this is the revision as I showed you before. I'll leave it there so you can digest a little bit of the content. There you go. Now I'm going to apply that revision to the cluster. And here I have, not again, I just lost my watch. So let me watch, there you go. All namespaces, watch, now there you go. So it looks like my mini-shift is not behaving properly. Bummer. So okay, let me transition to the video then, which it's exactly the same steps I'll be doing here, increase the video. Apologize for that, probably need a bigger box. I recorded this last night, thinking about concern about this exact same problem. Hope the phone size is good. So same deal here, I'm just playing the video. So showing that Istio is installed, Knitiv is installed, Knit build, serving and eventing. Increase a little bit the speed and I'll pause if needed. So here I'm showing that in my namespace, I don't have any application being created at this point other than the templates and the infrastructure from Knitiv itself. And on that side now, I'm going to show the YAML. I just described the configuration for the first revision. Great, at this time now I'm going to apply that configuration here on the top, you should see the container being initialized and this is a very interesting thing. You can see that there are like the three slash three there showing that in a single pod I actually have three containers being created. When I switch back to the presentation, I'm going to specifically cover what those containers are. And here I have also executed a current command to call that service, but you see that it failed, right? Because I have just created the configuration but I'm still missing the route. So if we look at the OpenShift console, you can see the deployment going on for that container, for that application. And as part of that, you see the user container and the QO proxy that got created. And the third container was still being established with this, which is the Istio, right? So again, curve is not working, great. Let's create the route. The route here, again, using the same principles from Istio, you get the percentage there. So 100% of the traffic is going to that revision. Let's see, apply. Now the route is created, great. The current command worked. But guess what? I had a problem in my application, right? So it would still be not exactly running the revision, the version I was expecting, right? You see here the three containers that are part of the service being created, the Istio proxy and the Q proxy. There you go. So now I need to fix my application because it was missing one of the parameters, right? To make it run successfully and print hello world in a message. So I'm adding that here to another revision of that same app. I'm gonna create the second revision. And you can see that it's going to trigger here the 002 and you see the pod be initialized and all that. But by the same token, right, I have not yet defined the route that point to the revision number two. So now I have to update the route or create another route to the revision number two as well. And then in this case here, I'm just sending, I'm sending 100% of the traffic to that new revision. So now that that got created, I can curl and voila. Now I get the sample, the result I was expecting pointing to V2. Now I have created also another route object that actually maps 50% of the traffic to each version. So again, if I was actually doing a blue green deployment here, I could say for V2, I just want let's say 10% of the traffic to go. And I don't know, do a dark deployment. I think it's also one of the patterns that could be used here to implement. In this case, just for the sake of demonstrations, I'm implementing, I'm doing 50%, right? So you can see how every call for the service actually calls a different revision, a different version of that service. Can we speed up a little bit in the interest of time? So this is another interesting part. You can see Kiali here. It's already installed in my cluster. That comes as part of the Istio operator that I installed. And you have the two revisions of the Hello World service being displayed, right? Let me just go back to my project namespace. And you have here, so this is 001 and this is 002. The unknown here, I mean, this is a work in progress as you might know, again, the Knative is really new and the integration with Kiali has been worked. But I'd like to show you here just to kind of make a point I mean about the, how this application, how this can be used combined with Istio, right? And with Kiali as a visualization to understand the traffic of that application. So now I'm going to put some load into the cluster. I'm going to fire two threads and 32 connections against the Hello World service. And if we check on Kiali, you can also see a little bit of the inbound metrics and I mean the number of connections it's being handled by a given instance, a given version of the service. You also have Yeager out of the box, I would say provided also by our Istio operator. And with that, you can also do tracing for your service. And remember that I have just created, I have just defined those resources for Knative. So the configuration and the route, I have not created anything specific for Istio or for tracing. Those are just being provided by the platform for you. So you can see how long it's taking each step of that particular service, right? I mean the whole workflow. But now I'm going to transition a little bit into the build part. So I'm going to delete all the services. I have been, have created so far and I'm going to demonstrate how one can actually create a build and build your application, let's say inside OpenShift, inside the cluster, right? Using Knative build. So I have already installed a build template. I can go back real quick here so you can see that. So this is a build.template for Java that it's already installed in the cluster. And I'm going to follow the nice tutorial that Kamash put together here. Here you have some of the steps to create that. So the first thing I'm doing here is creating a persistent volume for Maven. This is a very interesting step because it can save a lot of resources, right? The fact that we are sharing a Maven repository, I'd say a Maven location for all your dependencies in this storage that is provisioned for you inside the cluster, right? And then you have the actual installation of the template itself. But to build the application, right? You just have to run the service YAML. That's the only YAML you actually have to apply. And that's exactly what I'm going to do next here. So just going to the right folder, there you go, speed up a little bit, right? Looking at this YAML, and I can show the YAML here. It's probably interesting to dive into that a little bit. You have the definition of a service, the name of the app, the same service definition we have seen before where you have run latest, run the latest configuration. But as part of that now, I have a build template as well. So that's defining also some of the steps that are going to be executed as part of this build, right? And I'm going to trigger the build here. Okay, I'm just doing the same thing here. Ba, ba, ba. Great, apply. Nice. So now the build has been started, right? Looking at the OpenShift console, you can't actually see the pod because it's just the build still going on at this time. But if you look at monitoring, you can see that the build has been initialized and you also see the steps. So all the individual containers that were started as part of that build. So again, all the steps, so grabbing the source code from Git, performing the actual build, doing the Git push into the internal container registry inside OpenShift. All that was already defined during the build, at the build CRD, I would say at the build YAML file that I've created for my service. This is the push that is still running. It's waiting to do the actual provisioning which is the last step. Speed up a little bit here. So now that the build was completed, right? You can see that the deployment of my application already started. Again, I just did the OC apply service Java.yaml. Behind the scenes that build was triggered and the provisioning of the application was also started. Now I can call that service. And in this case here, because I deployed the service, I got the configuration and the route already created for me. I'm going to execute the call and there you go. That's the hello world build for, the build for Java, right? Now I'm going to just repeat that same step, updating the code in Java app and then perform another build. So you can see how just by detecting that change, behind the scenes you get the same experience, right? I'm updating the value for the container name to from one to two, doing the same here to point the revision to the right version of the container and I'll keep the build using the same command. So the workflow becomes, I'd say, a little bit more easy, right? Again, another build was triggered and from there another version of that greater service is going to be provisioned. And I mean, that's pretty much, I'd say the idea of the demo. So showing you how the build happening on the server is being handled by Knative builds. I'm going to go back to the slides because I know we're kind of almost on time already, but I'll have a quick recap about the demo here. So real quick, the installation itself, so we have been working to provide mini shift add-ons. So it's very easy to install on your laptop. If you want to install just build, just serving or events, I would recommend having, I would say, probably a beefy machine. I mean, 16 gigs is, I'd say, the bare minimum today. But we're also working to build Knative operators and make that installation through the UI for OKD as well. That also work, I mean, you have the documentation links here, you can follow along and see which way you prefer to install. Mini shift add-ons or operators. The demo I did for blue-green deployments, again, the step, the high-level steps, you create a revision for an application, you create a route, you test and repeat. Very, I'd say, straightforward once you get the gist of it. I know that the first time, and because I was running through the video here, maybe it was too fast. Inside the pod, you get the three containers being created. So the Istio proxy that is going to handle all the inbound, outbound traffic to your cluster. The Kio proxy, that is something that Knative adds to control concurrency and the actual user container, right? That is where your code is going to be executed. And for the build part, that's pretty much it. So you can think about a workflow here where the ops team installed those build templates. I'm using build.ah here for that and maybe create the Maven persistent volume. So that's going to be shared. A developer just writes code and the platform takes care of executing that build, caching the dependencies and then provision your app. So in conclusion, so far, I have not created a single function, right? And if you're going to ask, can you implement serverless without functions, I would say yes for sure. And you should think about how you can leverage those serverless traits in any class of applications, I would say today. Here's just a little cheat sheet. If you are starting getting started with Knative, you want to see and list some of those resources in your mini shift, in your cluster, in your Kubernetes. And I just joke about here, like if we had to see a live for this, I mean, that's something that it's, I would say, in progress and being discussed upstream as well. To learn more about that, we will be at KubeCon. And at KubeCon, we will have a demo session live on a more powerful machine in my laptop. So you can see that live as well. And on that demo, we're going to go over eventing as well. So come see us there. And to learn more as well, I have a bunch of links here from blog posts that our team already produced to our actual progress on the add-ons, on the operators, in all the Knative community as well. Thank you very much. Let's go for Q&A if we still have time. I know it went a little bit over, I guess. Right. So there are a couple of questions I just want to throw at you and see if you can have a quick answer, right? One is if I have autoscale turned off, do I need to worry about any nodes or resources, resources associated with this Knative thing? Have you guys thought about it on the team? Sorry, Bor, your audio was breaking up a little bit. I almost got the question. I got the part of the auto-scaler being disabled, but then what else? No, so Kubernetes has an autoscaler. How does this integrate with that? Oh, right. Oh, great. Yeah, that's a very common question. I mean, the idea here of the Knative scaling bit is that it's scaling based on demand, on events. The Kubernetes or auto-scaler is based on resource consumption, right? So it's going to scale down, it's going to scale using memory or CPU, but it's quite tricky to do something like, let's say, scale to zero, right? Because you can't really go to zero for CPU or memory. With Knative, the scale is based on demand. So I have a new event, I'm going to start one container. If I have 10 events, I'm going to start 10 containers. If I have zero events for a minute or for 30 seconds, I'm going to scale down to zero, right? You can't do that with the Kubernetes auto-scaler. So that's kind of how you differentiate those. Okay, no, good answer. And we have, let's just try to get one more question in. Peter asked this question really early in the session. What about RBAC, and RBAC is built into Kubernetes? And what's the relationship to operators and the CRD? Oh, that's a very good question. I mean, because we are running Knative inside Kubernetes as native resources, I mean, the RBAC story becomes, I'd say, natural, right? It's not applied today, but I mean, you can integrate because it's controlled as an object in Kubernetes, you can definitely apply, leverage the same RBAC system from Kubernetes to those objects as well. I mean, in fact, looking at that, for example, example, when I was creating the service, the configuration and the route, you can envision a model where a developer, for example, has permission to create as many configurations of that application as he wants. So as many, he's just writing code and pushing those versions to the cluster. But then another person with a different permission, with a different role can come into play and just push the route, tweaking how much load, how much traffic is going to be sent to that particular version of the code, right? So you can play with that and that's definitely something we want to explore. Okay, well, there'll be more questions. And actually, we do want to schedule a deeper dive. Well, not more questions today, but we'll do a deeper dive in the future. We're certainly out of time for today. I want to thank everyone for coming and participating in our session. Markito, awesome job, even though you had a fun video with demo kind of thing and actually people on the chat. So thank you for that. All right, but we need to get this point. No problem. Thank you all.


is find the size and the nature of the image the nature of the image will be real and inverted why because it is being screened okay sure there is a screen required for that so real and inverted why very obvious size of magnification is minus V by U which is negative of negative 54 by negative 18 which is equal to height of the image upon height of the object so height of the image will be negative 3 times height of the object so negative 21 centimeter here negative shows inverted image so the height of the image is 21 centimeter


The M4 is the key artery for the economy of south Wales and without the M4 the economy simply wouldn't be able to grow or prosper. It's absolutely essential for investors to be able to see that Wales is open for business and I think demonstrating that by making sure that the Bringlass tunnels has the investment that it requires is very important. Ar yr eginfedd o'r ffennaf 2006, dechreuwyd y gwaith y ddorod ddynnell i Bringlass yn nôl i safonau europiaid. Byddai cyfnodau ca i hyn yn digwydd am beth arnoson yr ythnos o 8 yr hwyr tan chwech y bwre. Mae hyn yn cynnwys ambeilgefnod byr ar y pen ythnosau. Mae angen gwaith cynnal achadw angen reidiol ar bont avonwysg a thraffond malpas. Ar ôl cwbl heir gwaith byddai tunnel, y bont a'r drafffond yn ôl i'r safon cywyr. We're on track to see completion in spring 2018 but there will be points at which the road works actually cease. So for example during the Six Nations and the Champions League final and other major events. So we're trying to keep disruption to an absolute minimum. This is essential work and it will help the economy and it will help communities in south Wales in the long run.


To import a new project, we click on File, Import, General, Existing Projects into Workspace and Not Archive File. So, Existing Projects into Workspace. And now, instead of root directory, choose Select Archive File. Browse. Choose the archive file that you have. Open. You should get a tick against that and finish. You can see that the project has now been imported successfully. You'll also see that J in the project is a thin line font and not a font which has white filling. Anyways, one of the major mistakes beginners make is when they delete a project, they do not delete it from a disk. So if you want to delete a project from Workspace, you need to delete it from the disk as well. Otherwise, Eclipse keeps the metadata and it's not fully deleted. So let's see what happens when you do not delete a project from the disk. So if I do that, then I go File, Import, Existing Projects, Select Archive File. Now you'll get an error message that some projects cannot be imported because they already exist in the workspace. So you cannot import them in the workspace. In this case, you have to delete the project from your workspace. In my case demo S1, I'm going to delete the project that's there. And then I can go to Eclipse, right click and refresh. Then I go again, Import, Existing Projects, Same Archive File. And now you can see that the project can be imported. So that's how you import projects from archive files in Eclipse.


The James Webb Space Telescope is the planned successor for the Great Hubble Space Telescope. It's much bigger, more powerful, and measures longer infrared wavelengths than what the Hubble can do. And so that enables us to make discoveries that the Hubble cannot do. And so we hope to see farther back towards the earliest parts of the universe. We hope to see the formation of stars and planets nearby. We hope to understand how the galaxies grow, what came even before the galaxies. We even hope to find out whether planets around other stars could potentially support life.


I am very delighted to welcome a young leader but a very important personality for the future of Europe, Prime Minister, or as they say in Italy, the President of the Council of Ministers Matteo Rensi of Italy to the annual meeting. Prime Minister, I should use the opportunity to tell you how impressed we were by the cultural message of your country yesterday. It was a very moving moment, and I am sure we will be impressed by your political message just to follow. Following our meeting and discussions, I must say how pleased we are to have such a strong presence from Italy this year. Not only you, but members of your governments. And Prime Minister, I should also tell the audience that you just celebrated last week a very special birthday. So congratulations. You assumed leadership of Italy's government in February 2014, so just a year ago, and we all know that it has been an incredibly busy 11 months for you coming at a particular critical time for Italy, for Europe, and for the world. You took office with an ambitious reform agenda and have successfully passed, and that's not always recognized internationally, the Jobs Act in Parliament and the Senate as a key pillar of economic reform. You also have tackled political and institutional reform in the justice and parliamentary system, and at the same time, you have also held successfully the presidency of the Council of the European Union. Prime Minister, your vision, your usefulness, your resilience, your energy are welcome in Europe today. At this year, at our annual meeting, we all know we live in a rapidly changing world, and Italy, as a member of the G8 or as a member of the G20, as being one of the ten most important economies in the world, still have a large saying as far as our future is concerned. So Prime Minister, the floor is yours to be followed by a conversation with my colleague, Billy Brössler, former Vice-Chancellor and Minister of Economy of Germany. Prime Minister. Thank you so much, Mr. President, ladies and gentlemen. So after the birthday, I'm out of Young Global Leader of Davos. I finished because over 40 is finished this time, but I'm really, really glad to be here, and I appreciate your invitation. Also, if not very easy, speaking about the future of my country, because you know, and you listened yesterday, while Andrea Bocelli showed every quality of the lyrics, music, of our tradition, how many important is the past in our country, an incredible country, rich of culture, masterpieces. It's not very easy to discuss about the future, but it's absolutely an enthusiastic moment for our country. This is an incredible window of opportunity in Italy today. So I know there are a lot of risks. There are a lot of risks in Italy, in Europe, around the world.  And every year, every season, every era presents a lot of risks. I was born in 1975. Italy is in the period with great growth, but a lot of problems, for example, of terrorism inside our countries. Europe was a place without democracy, without a strategy for European institutions. 1975 was exactly the moment in which for the first time it was decided the direct election of members of parliament in Europe. And if you think, what was divided between western and eastern blocs? So every season, every era presents risks. And also today, we see a lot of problems, of difficulties. But I believe this has a particular opportunity. And I think the role of politicians must be that, sees the moment. I use an expression that comes from Rome, ancient Rome, Carpe Diem. This is exactly the moment in which we can choose the future after a lot of difficulties. So very, very briefly, I think this is the moment, first of all, in my country. Italy needs an incredible season of reforms. And the future is a start. I'm not here to present a future of tomorrow. For my country, the time of future is today, not tomorrow. We started with the change of labor market, with the fiscal system, tax reforms, with the civil justice, with a solid and strong ability to innovation of the civil justice, with the innovation technologies in the court. And I believe absolutely important the new approach in the public administration. Because I believe our enemy is a tape of bureaucracy. And give time clears and a possibility to ensure the investment for Italian entrepreneurs and international capitalism is one of the most important thing. But at the same time, we present in the first year of government a constitutional reform with more than 40 articles, one-third of Italian constitution we changed, because we think constitution is very important, it's very beautiful. But we need the constitution for the future, not only for the past. And a new electoral system to give finally, also in Italy, the possibility to choice the leader for five years.  I think we must absolutely create the condition because we'll be clear the winner as the leader of the country for a period, a stable period, and not with the change, continuous change of government. But in this job, we are very, very, very happy because we have a lot of Italian people who believe that the place of Italy is not simply a museum. If I think about the future of my country for my children, I don't image to describe Italy as a museum. I appreciate museum, quality, culture, and lifestyle. But I prefer image my country as an innovation lab for my children. And for that, we need a different idea of Europe. This is the second big point. A different idea of Europe for Italy come after structural reforms because if we wait by European friends and colleagues the ability to solve our problem, we are finished. We must make our reforms because this is important in our country. But we must also say very clearly European direction is not in economic the correct direction. I participate as my colleagues to Brisbane summit of G20 in the last November. Every continent, every country spoke about the necessity to invest in a growth every country, Europe apart, Eurozone apart. Eurozone spoke only about austerity. So I think it's absolutely important to maintain attention to budget, reduce the taxation, invest in a different idea of relation between citizen and the leadership. But I think also this is the time in which European direction stress with more attention the importance of growth and public and private investments not only a discipline of austerity. For this reason I think the first steps of new commission and the discussion in the next days of European Central Bank and let me be very clear I respect the independence of the European Central Bank could help Europe to give a message of new in economic direction but Europe is not simply an economic community. I spent the January 11 Sunday in Paris with other colleagues after the terrible attack to the capital of France and one of the most important capital of Europe and the world. I spent with other colleagues and I felt the idea very clear Europe is not simply Euro. Europe is not simply a currency on a budget policy. Europe is first of all an idea who ensure 70 years of peace, 70 years of prosperity, of stability and so for this reason I believe absolutely important Europe could be in the next years not simply the last but the place in which we can give a message of innovation in the economics and also in the culture and in values and in the ideals. This is the request to come from around the world for Europe. If you think this is the moment in which Russia and Ukraine but also Syria and Iraq but also Libya very important discussion show to everybody the real importance of a very strong idea of Europe around the world. I think if we combine together the necessity of structural reform in the economy the necessity of change of mind in the European people and the necessity of a new international order we can give a possibility to this country and in general to an idea of politics as a possibility of solve problems so I conclude exactly from the same point of the start of my speech. Yes, there are a lot of risks. In part new risks international terrorisms idea of lack of sustainability but I believe if finally the leadership is able to invest in the future not as a problem but as an opportunity we can finally come back to the message very, very significant to our citizens. Carpe diem means exactly that. I can speak about commodities about the relation between euro and dollar but the possibility come from the new reform in Europe. This is very important but not crucial. The real crucial point the key point for the new Europe and for the new Italy is image an idea of future focused on the ability to invest in the new generation and not simply to maintain the traditional approach in future is a problem and if this could be possible I think Italy is a great country not for the culture not for the values not for the music but it's a great country because Italy in the past was the place in which what possible invest in innovation and I believe for my children Italy will be an innovation lab and not a museum and this is the reason for the which we serve this country and for the which we change with the structural reforms the traditional country very beautiful but the best moment for Italy is not yesterday will be tomorrow. So ladies and gentlemen Prime Minister thank you very much for this impressive speech first. Second you mentioned a lot of reforms and you achieved a lot in nearly one year some would say you achieved more than all your predecessors in the entire mandate for example reforms such as the reform on the labour market and now please Prime Minister let us ask what is your next reform high on your priority list to improve Italian's competitiveness? I have a long list labour market, yes realised the fiscal system public administration I prefer school and education and the university reform constitutional reform electoral reform but let me be very clear I think the most important structure reform for Italy will be credibility because we lost a lot of opportunities in the past for lack of credibility we lost a lot of opportunities because the government changed because we didn't respect in the past every deal so this is the time in which very important labour market very important justice very important public administration very important education but the first structural reform for us will be the credibility and the credibility for Italy is the key point for the future Great, particularly because you know the headline is new global context but the meta message of this annual meeting is how to deal with the decline of trust so it's excellent to hear something about this and you have been successful on your national level with your national reforms but at the same time last year was the time the semester of the Italian presidency of the EU you have been successful as well given the new interpretation of the growth and stability pact and traditionally the annual meeting is a place to strengthen our hope into Europe you started in your speech in the Eurozone giving all the anti-discussions like Greece in coming elections like the exchange rates of the currency given here in Switzerland so my question is how can you foster our trust into Europe and the Eurozone I'm not very happy for the results of the presidency of Italy I'm not very diplomatic and so I think the results are 50% good and 50% bad why? because we convinced the other colleagues to invest in innovation and in growth the pact of stability in the bureaucratic expression of Europe is not pact of stability it's pact of stability and growth but in the past they cut growth and they cut the G of growth so we come back to the importance of growth with the investment plan of Jean-Claude Juncker we come back to a new role I believe for the European Central Bank we try to combine together the necessity of good results for the budget with the attention to investment and growth but I believe Europe in this moment must change the red tape of bureaucracy if Europe is only bureaucracy Europe is finished so I think the Gaspery at the now the Mitterrand call didn't build Europe to become a place of bureaucratic discussions but for an ideals and for economic interest now I think 12 months in front of us will be crucial because if we give an up with European Central Bank if we finally concrete the process of investment of Jean-Claude Juncker and if we reduce the spread the real spread in this moment is not between Bund and Titoli di Stato in this moment spread is the dreams of the citizens and they have the expectation of the citizens young citizens and concrete results of European leaders if we reduce this spread with a different approach in bureaucracy in Europe I think we will win for the moment I think is 50% 50-50 as a result of Italian presidency so after discussing Italian reforms the issues on the European level allow me a more personal question as a last question so the annual meeting is always about leadership and here in the audience in the respected audience we have a lot of leader business leader, political leader leader of the civil society and they are here today to discuss the new global context and all the challenges we are facing the crisis and the economic challenges so I would like to ask you as a leader of an important country like Italy in an important region like Europe would you share one of your leadership moments you have had in the past in your new role as a prime minister of Italy so that we can learn something for all the issues all the challenges we try to address with this annual meeting it's not easy to give a brief answer I think that this is a moment in which really we can build a piece of new international order really really in every part of the world and I know it's not easy if I think about Libya I know the new international order is not very clear because three years ago Neto decided to strike in Libya and now the situation was good to remove a danger a dangerous leader but now if I think about Libya I know this is the place from which we can receive a global attack because a lot of instability in Libya could be a problem for every country in Europe, just one example so I know there are a lot of problems but I believe in face the new challenges I think politics come back this is very important for a lot of years maybe somebody also here think the future is economy it's not correct it's not true economy is very important but without a political leadership we are not in condition to invest in a different world so my personal point of view is that after a lot of events also the last event in Paris there are the ability to understand finally politician and politics come back to play a key role obviously this means we must absolutely change laws and change situation, difficult situation but also give a vision and exactly this is the strategy today my country is famous around the world for the division in every city not only in the soccer stadium but in the discussion, in the public debate Italy is famous as a country of divisions I hope Italy could come back offer a vision not only a division a vision focused on the new renaissance I was the former mayor of Florence renaissance was decisive for the economy, for culture, for ideals when decided to invest in the quality of values and in the quality of human being I hope this could be a period in which a new renaissance could change the situation around the world obviously depend on the quality on the dreams but also the concrete projects I'm not believable if I don't change structural reforms in my country we started, now is the time for the development these are faults but combined together concrete and the dreams is the only way today in the difficult times but also in the exciting times so thank you very much Prime Minister and we are just in time first, thank you very much for Italy is not normal that's a question of credibility so I think we delivered at this moment for the people in Italy for the people in Europe and for the people on a global level thank you very much you are the new face of Italy you are the leader and hope you see you soon maybe here on the stage at our next annual meeting thank you very much


Good morning. We are at the Sheboygan County Historical Museum. It is the third Saturday in October, October 15th, 2011. And our theme for this month is collectors of Sheboygan County and their collections. We have a lot of interesting things in store for you as we take a look around today. We also have some questions for you. We have a few mystery items that we are wondering if you can help us to solve. One of the things is we have a picture of a place that we know that was taken in Sheboygan, but we are not quite sure of the establishment, so we're looking to see if you can help us with that. We also have a soda jack that was produced in another state, but we had a distributor in Sheboygan, and we don't know who the distributor was, so we're hoping that you can help us with some of those questions. We have a very, very nice collection of Sheboygan memorabilia businesses, so you will see a lot of different things displayed in that display. We also have an interesting selection of different types of irons through the years. We have a collection of valentines, and many of the valentines were given to a lady by her husband, and actually some classmates as she was growing up, so that's kind of interesting also. We have some Wells Fargo information, and we actually have a running display with that, so that should be interesting. We also have some toy tractors, and the toy tractors, you can get a lot of history with that because they have some that have been refurbished and some that are older. Many of the things that we have today go through much of the 20th century, so it'll be a very, very interesting display. We also have Sheboygan bar memorabilia that will be interesting to see some of the old bars and also some of the souvenirs that they handed out. And one of the things that has been requested many times is comics, and so we have a big selection also on comics. And then we have some Mark's cars from the past History 2, and we actually have an ambulance that is working, so that should be fun to see also. So enjoy the day and enjoy seeing the selections that we have. Good morning. I'm Karen Huffschild, and I'm here today at the Historical Museum to display my collection of vintage irons. I would say probably about 15 years ago I started to have an interest in antiques, and so I would go to antique stores and flea markets, and I developed an interest in old irons. When I was a young girl, my mother used to make me iron. That was my job, and my father would wear these white shirts, and my mother never had time to iron, so in those days she would sprinkle them, roll them up, put them in a plastic bag, and stick them in the freezer. And all of a sudden when it got there to be there was too many shirts in the freezer, or my father ran out of shirts, she'd say, Karen, it's time to iron. So I would have to take these shirts out of the freezer, left them on thaw, and then I would have to iron them. They were quite easy to iron because they were cold, and the iron slid or glided over them, but there was always wrinkles of galore, or the possibility that you would scorch the white shirt, and it would then be yellow. So anyway, I really hated to iron, but for some reason I became fascinated with irons. So I have an assortment of various irons from the first electrical irons, and in a display over here they talk about the American beauty iron that you could buy. Salesman actually came to your house and sold these irons, and you could put them like on almost, it wasn't a credit card, but they would bill you monthly for your payment. Then we have here, we have the old iron box, which people use to transport their irons. I particularly liked the irons that had this ball at the end. I was kind of fascinated by them. They put fuel in here, and then they would adjust the heat by turning this knob back and forth here. The thing is, a lot of times these irons would explode because they became too hot, or some of the liquid would leak, and you would end up getting them all over your clothing. But I was fascinated with this type of iron. And then as we move over here, I also found this little child's ironing board. So then I was in the process of seeking out little irons for children. Right here we have this little iron, which became a classic iron, and it actually works today. You just plug it in and can heat. This was really more of a toy iron that children would play with. And then over here I have another one that actually still works today too, where you plug it in and heat it up. So this is my display of irons. Although I hated the iron, I love to collect them. I'm Dave Martini, and I'm here today at the museum with my collection of 1950s cowboy and TV and movie cowboy items. And I've been collecting this stuff since I was a kid. Several of these items were mine as a boy. Several I bought later on for auctions and things like that. The first item here is a Lionel train set. It's called the General Frontier Gift Pack. Around 1961 or thereabouts, Civil War was a very popular subject on TV, and there was a movie called The Great Locomotive Chase with Fess Parker, where the Union Army goes down to the south and still has a Confederate train and takes it north and destroys the tracks and bridges. This is a model of that train set, the Western Atlantic, and the locomotive is called the General. Over here is another General Locomotive. That's a Turner, that's a Lionel. That's a newer one, but it's based on the old original one. Over here is the official tales of Wells Fargo play set and electric train. This was made by the Marks toy company. I'm going to turn it off a minute. The original box is back here. This was a show that was on TV, and it had Dale Robinson. He was Jim Hardy, he was the Wells Fargo agent. And the play set, you got the Wells Fargo headquarters building. You got the Western town. You got the Wells Fargo stagecoach. You got Cowboys that were shooting in bank robbers. You had Indians. You got the whole Western town, complete with spittoons in front of the tavern, lanterns, watering trough for the horses, a box of Winchester's, hitching rails, everything you'd have in a Western town. Of course, here's the stagecoach. These are Indian arrows and things I've never used. Over here is the Roy Rogers guitar. This I bought years ago, and I never used it. But this is probably from around 1957-58. It's got the original box for it. Made in the United States. Roy Rogers sold a lot of items. And anything from... Here's a coloring book, Pat Brady. That was Roy Rogers' sidekick, and now he bailed the Jeep. And you can buy anything from Roy Rogers, from cap guns, stagecoaches, covered wagons, anything Western related. Over here is my original lunchbox. This is Roy Rogers' Dale Evans, what they call a dome top lunchbox. I carried this to school when I was a boy, so you can see it's kind of beat up. The bottom's really beat up, because we used to play a lunchbox slide. We had slider lunchboxes on the floor in the school. And whoever's lunchbox went the furthest and didn't tip over, you could pick all your buddies and take, like he had a candy bar or something, you could take his candy bar. So this was a good lunchbox for that. Most of the guys had these square ones. And these tipped over easier. So this was a pretty good lunchbox for playing that game. This is the thermos. This is not the original thermos. I broke my thermos when I was a kid. This thermos I picked up in an auction years later. They're glass lined. The original thermos are glass lined. So it's very common as a kid, you drop your thermos and you break the glass. They marketed here's a Roy Rogers puzzle. The puzzle next to it is Rin Tin Tin, which was another TV show at the time. There's a story about this dog and the boy. They were on an old Western outpost with the 7th Calvary. That was a TV show that was on for a while. The next one is Joy and Fury, which I used to watch before I went to school in the morning. That was a boy and his horse. The horse was Fury, the black horse. And he lived on the broken wheel ranch with his uncle. Next one I got is a Gene Autry book. Gene Autry and the Golden Stallion. And Gene Autry, I don't have a lot of Gene Autry stuff because he was a little bit before my time. I was more of Roy Rogers in that. Over here is a Davy Crockett pencil case. You can take, you used to carry these to school. You put your pencils and your acers and stuff in there. But this is actually a Walt Disney Davy Crockett. It's even got like the Coonskin cap. It's like felt, like real fur or whatever. In the cabinets down here are the complete Roy Rogers Western Town, Mineral City. You've got a saloon. You've got the bank. You've got the Wells Fargo office, the Barber Shop and Post office. And all the furniture here would actually go inside the building. So if you go behind the building, you can see there's like the wallpaper and the floor and everything, like in a real building. And all these pieces would be in the buildings. On the buck board here is Roy Rogers. There's another one over here. I got Dale Evans II, I can't remember where she is. But if you look down into here, as a matter of fact, maybe can you go down inside or not? But all the figures are very authentic looking. Here's our guy in a bar fight. He's actually slugging another guy. This guy here is robbing the bank. He's riding off on his horse with his six-shooter drawn. He's got his Batman's mask on. And here's a guy getting ready to shoot at him with his rifle. I mean, everything was based on the TV show's back then. You know, a lot of gunplay. You know, then here we got a lady that's just walking down the street in the town. She was just coming back from the market. Then we got the old-time milk wagon with a case of milk in it. You know, everything was horse-drawn back then. Now we come back to the other end here. Here's the Roy Rogers ranch. And of course, the Roy Rogers westerns were kind of unique is that they had cars and stuff in them. And every Roy Rogers, a movie had an old-19, like 39 or 40 Ford Woody. You know, and there's always some reason that Roy Rogers could catch one of those on his horse. The guy would get away in that car and he'd chase up on his horse only in the movie's TV shows. But you can see we got the rodeo shoots. We got the corral, the fences. We got some long horns. Everything you would need on a ranch. We got the anvil, the forge, the water pump, the axe, the wood pile, the water barrel. There's Dale Evans on the porch of the house and bullets laying down sleeping or he's laying on his side. And of course, there was Nellie Bell the Jeep where it was Pat Brady's transportation. Then we go back to the end over here because we missed the whole showcase over here. This upright showcase in back here all the way around. On the top shelf is the official Iron Horse train set. Iron Horse was a TV show and only lasted like one season. It started Dale Robertson, which was the same guy that started in Tales of Wells Fargo. But this show only lasted like about one season. It was a very difficult thing to find. I like the artwork in the box, but the Indians and the cowboy shrinkage show off the train. I don't think they could do that today. Down here is DeRoy Rogers fix it chuck wagon and Nellie Bell Jeep. There was a little wrench. You could take the tires off of the wheels. You could take the wheels off of the chuck wagon and like do maintenance on it. You could take the wheels off the Jeep and you had the tools.  You got the jack stands. You could take a part and put back together. Then you had a strong box.  On the bottom here are my six shooters. You can see that. They're pretty authentic in those days. Here's the whole sort of gun belt and there's actually plastic bullets in the gun belt. And the six shooters are all pop metal. In the middle of there is what's called a ranch phone. It's an old time phone. You turn a crank or ring and there's a little record inside. It would say hello central. What ranch do you want to get? Please ring. I'll dial in number for you. And it still works. Hello. My name is Tom Brear. I've been collecting farm tractors and it implements for about 25 years. Some of these here the combine and the manure spreader distractor, the disc and the mine when I was young they have been refurbished When you started becoming a collector? Yeah. The tool scale set. They started putting tractors on way back in the 30's 40's Our kid was one of the first I believe that put guys on the tractors. They were usually nickel plated or aluminum. That one there? That supposedly is the world's biggest tractor. It comes from either in Montana or South Dakota where it was built and the two on the end there one shows the way I bought it and this one here after it was restored I have somebody that does my restoring. The pictures on the wall already came originally from the old Ford garage in Howard's Grove My dad found them He must have been exploring downstairs as they were carrying the building the building down and I ended up with them. My name is John Brown and I'm from Wagon Falls, Wisconsin and I'm 85 years old so I'm in my second childhood I've collected toys and trains from way back in 1938 and some of these toys I had as a youngster and I was here in April presenting my Tootsie toys and I brought a couple of these along and they said how about setting up here in October and bring your Marks stuff so that's what I did I'm bringing the Marks toys and Marks is over on your big displays that you got in the back over there there's a Marks tractor and so forth, same one that's in here sold for 83 cents they see those days Well this first one here was I had as a child and you can wind this up and it'll run around and also you put a battery in the lights burn has a little switch on the side has a little brake in the back and my father one day he got kind of disgusted with me playing with his toy and he was reading a newspaper and he says bring that toy over here so I brought it over and he has a siren on it and I can show you that this car had a siren in the back and my father couldn't stand the noise anymore so he tore this thing out of there but I had another one and that was this ambulance that I had gotten a couple years later it has the same motor and everything but this one has a siren so I wasn't going to let them get close to this one and just to give you an idea what it sounds like I'll wind this up and you can see why he took the siren off of the last one so as a kid I would run these now if you listen this baby is really going to whirl so as a kid running that toy all the time drove him crazy but this was also mine as a kid so the other one I found a car in Florida one time at an antique show and it was just like my police car except this one was fire department and I thought boy that's kind of neat so I bought that one and then later on I found an earlier Mark's or even earlier the one I had here and this one was probably about 1931 this was about 1934 and that was one of their first ones however Mark's bought out another company in this truck and this is not the one I had as a kid but it is a similar truck and this truck on the wheels says Gerard well the first Mark's cars like this had Gerard on them also so the Gerard company was bought out by Mark's so the first ones that they made still had Gerard on them they have this car you can get with Gerard or get with Mark's then the rest of them he started calling for Mark's so I've got one of the Gerards because that was the company they started with then I've got over here caterpillar tractors and the caterpillar tractors I've got the oldest one and then they get newer as you go along the line and really the scarcest one of this group and the one you cannot very seldom cannot find and that's this little one and this little tractor sold for a quarter and I've had one of these as a kid but they didn't last very long they're real cheap and you only ran them 3 or 4 times then they quit so there aren't any of these that you find around well this one still operates and so very unusual little tractor because none of them are survived and none of them operate if they did survive so I found this one also in Florida at a flea market and I was real happy to get hold of that this one cranks from the rear and the other one's cranked from the side now notice some of their older tractors like this is really quite beat but it has the original patent on the back when they first sold them they had a patent on it and everything written on on the back of their tractor then as they started to upgrade they didn't list those anymore but this is kind of a rustic old thing but it still does run so I picked this one up just because it's very old there are some trains here and this one here I also had as a youngster this was my tractor and I got this about 1938 and then just about World War II they upgraded this tractor and put a fancier front on it this one has a straight front this one has a curved one and this one here in the 1950s and 1960s so this is their latest one they're basically the same tractor and this one that shows the side of the motor on here it's molded right into the plastic now when Mark did he came out with his new one however if you look at it right the old motor is still you see that we'll take it out of here once the old exhaust is still molded onto the car so they used the same body and Mark's was good at that using things over and over so they moved the same body but they just painted it different and then instead of having metal wheels it has plastic wheels so you think it's a new tractor but it's basically the old from the silver one that they had now this was my car and I bought this in World War II and I got the original box yet and it's called Tricky Taxi and what it does it never runs off the table because as it runs it has a little wheel that turns sideways so as the car gets to the end it turns and never runs off the table so they made Tricky Taxi before the war this was the last one the Black and White one so these go back into about 38 38, 39, 40 all the way up to the war this was one that was made about 1941 so I picked up I have one that I don't have yet but I do find them I pick one of these up so now the reason I brought this along this was a train Mark's train I had from 1938 and it's an old Commodore Vanderbilt and it had a lot of miles as you can see and it grooves in the center but Mark's made this engine and it sold at dime stores Creskies and Woolworths for $1 then a tinder, you had to buy separate and this one sold for $0.10 so all the cars that went with the Mark's train all sold for $0.10 so that was quite a bargain now after the war most people don't know that so this is part of an HO train set and if you look at the caboose for example you say this is rock on the caboose but in the center and I don't know if that will show but there is a Mark's symbol and so if you look at the round thing with an X in it so Mark's did make trains and particularly their old steam engine it has quite an engine and so Mark's did make trains and I brought this just because not many people know that Mark's went into the train business but they didn't stand it too long now there is only one other thing here this is a German made tractor and this is only about 20 years old but I bought it because you wind this tractor up by the wheel and you put the key in here and you wind it up and then you can shift it to first, second, third and fourth gear and it will run at a different speed when you put it in first it runs real slow second a little more and you can put it up and then it has also a reverse so you can put it in reverse so it really does that so I brought that as kind of a novelty so this one over here is a Mark's train from 9th and a lot of people don't know that but this train is a model of the M-10,000 and the M-10,000 was the first liner in the United States and it was made by Union Pacific was the railroad and you can see on the side and there's very very few of these and I am the only one I've actually seen so Mark's made this when the company came out with a first streamliner and they took this all over the United States and all the big cities in one year they just toured with that with that train and so I brought a model of that because Mark's of all things made a little toy of that first streamliner well it gives you a little bit of a cover of some of the things I've got here so Hi, I'm Candice Schmidt and I'm daughter to Irv and Laura Schmidt and my dad had owned the Schmidt stand-up service station on 8th in here on and I brought a few mementos of his service station and also of other gasoline service stations from the 50s and 60s and what I have here is it had been a photo album and any of your vacation pictures you would put in the photo album and that is something that my dad had passed out and also then we have here this had been in the Sheboygan Press in 1953 and it lists all the gasoline dealers association members in Sheboygan and it has pictures of them and where their service station had been located and like I said that had been in the Sheboygan Press in 1953 and it was actually a newspaper and the service stations would put it in their window so this is just a copy of what it was and some of these service stations are still in existence some are just empty buildings or whatever and then here I have a picture of my mom and my dad Irv Schmidt he was a board member for the Gasoline Dealers Association and also president of the Gasoline Dealers Association and this is just a write up from 1968 and when he was first elected this here picture is from the 1940s shortly after the war I know that because my uncle Hank came back from the war and my dad asked him if he would come and work for him for a little while and like I said earlier this station is on Athean here on it's no longer in existence the building is still there right across from Holy Name Church and so anyway my brother John who is now 70 is here the little guy right there and John would pump gas and wash windows and check the oil and everything else and then I remember growing up and my dad talking about the gas wars and Gasoline back then was like five cents a gallon or something like that and he gets so upset because another guy might have raised his Gasoline higher or lower and this here picture is from 1955 and back then my dad would have tires delivered and they would be put into the service station and then after they were all delivered he'd bring them home we lived on North 20th Street and would put them in the basement and whenever a customer needed tires or one tire or four tires dad would come home get a tire from the basement that matched the right size and would bring it back to the service station because he'd have hundreds of them delivered so there wasn't enough room right there to keep them for my dad and myself this is from the 1952 in front of the service station where my dad was holding me that's me with the big bonnet on back then we had those big son bonnets and this is my mom Laura Schmidt and that's my dad's pickup truck and it says Schmidt Standard Service right there and that was my dad's business car and then also here's a receipt and this gentleman was a Max Pittner who lived on North 29th Street and it stated August of 1961 and back then Max Pittner for only $15 and 10 cents had almost 8 gallons of gasoline in his car had an oil loop filter air filter and a full service check for only $15 and 10 cents all of that so this is just a receipt that my dad had and I kept it and this is just like an invoice and then they would just pay him later they didn't have to pay him right away and sometimes my mom would do the billing she'd come into the service station sit at the desk she would send out the bills to people and then that's how they would bill them charge cards weren't really all that popular there and when I was little I would lick the stamps and put them on the envelope and then my dad would give me a little bottle of root beer out of this red thing where the soda was in and also my dad he would give out key chains this is good but this was a key chain and it said who gives a hoot we do Schmitt's standard service and then he also gave out pencils Schmitt's standard service and also playing cards and then this is just a calendar from Dick Hyers service station he's on 9th and Erie and this calendar was from 1991 and I saved it and it just has pictures of the old service stations throughout United States and because standard oil also became Amaco, Sonoco depending upon what region you were in United States they had different names for it and also not part of Erv Schmitt's Schmitt's standard service but I had collected this when I was in Connecticut and I found I ran across this in an antique shop and I bought it and I don't know the date of it it was back from the 1920's maybe, 1910's and this is when cars did not have a gas gauge inside so you had to use a measuring stick to put it into the tank of the gas gasoline tank to see how much gasoline you were going to be needing so they didn't overflow so this is the measuring stick Sonoco of standard so standard oil was also Amaco and you know the Rockefeller flag or history of that and then on the other side it says here also Sonoco Motors and so forth New York on Broadway Avenue so this is just something I picked up when I lived in Connecticut um in the 1910's, 1920's so that's the history of Schmitz standard service on Ethan Heron these hats are from the collection of Carol Schmidt from Sheboygan, Wisconsin she has had fun just having fun with hats throughout the years she has quite a few different kinds in her collections you can see a number of hats that she has that have feathers on a hill box hats, you can see some straw hats there's a pink hat that is actually from England and then in front she has a very thin hat that just has a band and has a lot of netting and she calls that her wedding hat she was very unhappy that her favorite hat has disappeared when she was on vacation in San Francisco they left it in a rental car so she's trying to get that hat back but you can see that she has quite a collection some have bands on that would have been worn underneath on the chin and there's velvet ones there's felt ones there's silk ones so she has quite a collection this is the comic collection he was not able to be here today but many of his comics span quite a bit of the 20th century he has quite a few over here we have Roy Rogers and we have little Lulu Red Rover and then he also has about Betty Bailey quite a few of the western ones Roy Rogers and then he has quite a few of the Looney Tunes Tarzan Gene Autry Tom Mix so he has quite a few that he has collected over the years he has a few newspaper ones one from the comic weekly and one from the Chicago American comic pictorial so he has collected quite a few throughout the years he also has a number of resource books for comics that we have on our round table that we will show you later on Hi I'm Phyllis Smith and we're here at the County Museum and in this room is about 25 years worth of collection that I have done of any kind of advertising item of a business that once was in business here in the city of Sheboygan not the county but the city of Sheboygan I do not collect a specific type of article it can be anything from a match book to a letter opener to a croc a sign bottles any kind of a thing so long as it tells me of a business that was here sometime old modern new in business out of business the best way to determine how old a business is on this woodworking apron the phone number is 1063W I have some items that have phone numbers that are only 3 digits when they get up into the 4 digits or the 5 the 7 they're getting newer this one the maple shop is a GL 8 G and L and 5 on the phone dial so this is a little more recent probably in the 60s 50s 60s maybe but I collect anything and everything paper cardboard old signs pine hills golden corn now that's pine hills is not in the city of Sheboygan a little line at the bottom says Schultz Brothers Sheboygan Wisconsin and another thing when they put Sheboygan WIS that tells me it's a newer or older item than if it was WI here we have a crock from art Schmidt phone 780 7305 here's newer 1378 I have bottles from Crystal Springs pinsies candies, yum yum kites, candies more yum yum all kinds of pins and tickets checks, blotters box drugs this is Huffman's flower land which is now cons out on the EE Enzo gel and these shoes and I don't know can you pick that up let me hold this one can you pick that up it says it's printed in there H.C. Prangie Company Sheboygan WIS it's a high heeled shoe and then they put out a little commemorative compliments of the Prangies big department store that is what Prangies used to be known as if somebody said oh the big department store they knew it was Prangies it's a little top over here we have several crates I have a Kool-Aid nowadays Kool-Aid is in powder form in those days it was a soda pop locally distributed Spillerspring Duffel Bay Sheboygan Dry Goods Sheboygan Dry Goods was across the street H.C. Prangie Company they were another department store held just about everything the Sheboygan Baking Company Golden Crust Red Meadow Box I do not know where that came from but I know that it was Sheboygan I don't know the street address and then there's Schultz Brothers they're still going to find that's a banana box in the fall of the year the banana boat would come in they bring in the bananas and the fresh fruit now we just go to our grocery store and buy bananas and fresh fruit those days it only came in once or twice and that was the only time that you would have fresh fruit and bananas some stuff that you didn't grow around here over here we have a board of different years and different businesses calendars all kinds of calendars and wooden hangers this little hanger is also from the big store H.C. Prangie that's for hanging a child or an infant's garment on it that's why it's so small we've got a yard stick from Ram's little home and we have more crates here from breweries mineral water shriars over on the other table I'll talk about their bottles this let me take this away this is a Prangie's folding box I ordered your groceries there but couldn't take them home because maybe you were invalid they would put your groceries in these boxes deliver it to your home and I was just recently told not only did they deliver it to your home they would bring it into your house take the food out of the box and put it in your house where you wanted it and then fold up the box and go back to Prangie's that's what I call service this is a picture I don't know how well you can zoom in on it of the H.C. Prangie store we feel that it's about 1927 it's going to be hard to see but there are some vehicles here and they look like their model teas over here we have a collection of soda bottles this is springtime lake breeze Kool-Aid again this is somebody by the name of Barney Grassy West Side Dairy there's a few Shriars this is when it was beer this is when it was soda various eyeglasses from Rudnicks and Emick AF Rust Dry Goods Sheboygan Old King and Kool and Arts Tavern Art Duel Furniture Avenue Exchange and everybody's favorite see if you'll come back Don McNeil everybody knows Don McNeil and his breakfast club on the wall here is a large poster of the PoloWare Company their enamelware I have some of their enamelware and some Valrath enamel and then because a month or so back it was the 100th anniversary of very fine I brought the paper and some glasses and the glasses celebrate the 75th anniversary this is a crock from Triangle Grocery which later on became Miesfels and then Miesfels moved out I have a phone book from 1943 which the February of that year was a very good month and March 30th and this is a monopoly game of the various businesses of Sheboygan this is only a part of my collection my name's Fred Zimmer and I collect 10 types I started around 1830 I'm all the way up to about 1850 they started getting painted with color 10 types actually it's on iron it's a photo that is hand painted very similar to a painting and they really are considered in the sense of painting the one you're looking at right now has the twins and the twins is one photo and then somehow the artist, the photographer reduced the dog through photography on the same plate and then after that was finished, those two photos he hand painted it and then he painted the floral composition on top of that this is a very rare tin type actually where they were done with a double photo on them as such we come to the next tin type with the gold frame the frame was found in Sheboygan it's actually a very beautiful frame from probably the 1860's 1870's the lady is from Indiana that's an early tin type I have dated an 1860 it could be even earlier again this hand painted it's an early pioneer lady I just love the piece because of what it is being so early with a pioneer lady the one down here in the corner is even earlier than the previous one which comes to around 1850 probably 1860 and you know that by the style of the frame and the hair cell and clothes the ladies are dated through the clothing you're where are we now the lady the lady the lady was found in Manitowoc looks just like my sister-in-law and my nephew is trying to get it out of me because it is a dead ringer again it's lightly hand painted the one to the right can you get the one with the triangle and that is a very a nice piece because it's in a triangular frame it's so unusual those two are probably about 1870 1880 for as far as I know my name is Scott Levendeski and I have a collection of different tavern items mainly bar tokens and the reason I started collecting the bar tokens is that I'm working on a book on shabuigan bars and taverns and I'm using a lot of the bar tokens to illustrate in the book to show that the tavern was in existence other than just the name and there are very few pictures of many of these taverns so other than some newspaper ads the only thing that you can find for some of these taverns are the tokens earlier taverns had metal tokens now just about every tavern has plastic of some color most of them are round or square couple taverns do have wood nickels or wood tokens commonly called wood and nickels and I have some of those in this book also and tokens are all pretty much the same size now earlier they used to be different sizes depending on the amount sometimes the tokens that were good for a nickel or 10 cents were smaller than 25 cent ones hello my name is Darla Jean-Crowis I live in random lake and I'm displaying my mother's valentines my mom was islaverne greenewald wilkie she grew up in random lake and she went to school in silver creek the valentine collection is from her school years this one was sent in 1942 my grandmother wrote on the back of every one of them they have a lot of them have moving parts this guy winks my aunt my my grandma wrote this one out to my mom from my aunt in 1938 where my mom would be five years old and my aunt would be three I gave this valentine to my mom and it says I'd like you to picture you as my valentine it says laverne g from howard wilkie and it was given in 1937 they would have been seven and eight at the time they are now married 62 years all these valentines are from school people or from cousins a lot of the names we recognize that there's still people that live in the area some have little bump outs of little foam things that pull out some are handmade there's also personal letters in this collection so it's a really neat remembrance especially with my grandmother writing on all the cards thanks