How come women can't have children after a certain age, and what can we do about it? Actually, that brings up another question. Is it true that the odds get worse each year, or is it more like an on-off switch? Stick around to find out. Welcome to X10, your one-stop YouTube show for all things life extension. Learn the science, keep up with new research, and live longer and healthier. If you're new here, you can subscribe to hear about new videos, and press the bell icon and select All Notifications so you won't miss a thing. Let's start by looking at why a woman can't have children after a certain age. The common explanation that women run out of eggs doesn't tell the entire story. Yes, women lose hundreds of ovarian follicles every month, and eventually the number gets so low that menstruation becomes irregular, and then menopause sets in. But that idea has gotten a bit of a challenge from recent research, which showed that rare stem cells in the ovaries of adult women can produce new eggs. Even if that doesn't change the basic picture, it might point us towards treatments that could extend fertility. Another thing to keep in mind is that fertility isn't just about quantity, quality also matters. For example, chromosomal abnormalities seem to be more common in the eggs of older women. This makes the woman more likely to conceive a child with an abnormal number of chromosomes. This might mean having a child with Down syndrome, but in the majority of cases it will result in a miscarriage. Menopause in hormonal regulation also play a role in declining fertility. That could explain why some women experience hot flashes despite still having a regular menstrual cycle. Like so many things we've talked about, this turns out to be a complex picture with lots of interacting parts. So even if we develop therapies to extend our lifespan, extending fertility might not come as part of the package. It might call for separate therapies. Likewise, we might find ways to let women who are already likely to live past the fertility deadline stay fertile if they want. But let's look at this fertility deadline business a bit more closely. The idea that women face a ticking clock appeared in a Washington Post article in 1978. Since then, it's become an accepted fact of life that women have to balance having a career against having a child. But why? That original article didn't make its case with statistics, but with an anecdote about the composite woman. Let's have a look at some numbers and see what we can find. Here's a graph from a 2002 paper entitled The Variability of Female Reproductive Aging. It shows the number of births by women of a given age at three different time periods. The most obvious thing is that the average maternal age has gone up. But the more interesting thing is that the shape of the curve isn't dramatically different. It's a pretty normal looking curve with a drop at around age 40, but it doesn't run into a hard wall. The article describes the drop at 40 to 41 as the mean age at which female fertility comes to an end. It's about 10 years before the mean onset of menopause. But behind that average, there's a lot of variability. Menopause can happen anytime between 40 and 60, so we'd expect to see the same variability in fertility. So how does a woman's fertility change as she ages? Psychologist Jean Twenge surveyed what we know about this in an Atlantic article in 2013. She found that some of the statistics about the topic come from a 2004 article which used data from French birth records between 1670 and 1830. She wrote, In other words, millions of women are being told when to get pregnant based on statistics from a time before electricity, antibiotics, or fertility treatment. Twenge tracked down several studies using more recent data and they showed that women in their late 30s had only a slightly lower chance of conceiving within a year than women in their late 20s. So it turns out that, one, there's a lot of variability in reproductive aging, which is hardly surprising. This is biology, after all. Two, there doesn't seem to be much of a decline through the late 30s, but there's a significant drop about 10 years before menopause. Actually, that doesn't answer the really important question, which is, why are we only talking about women? Concerns about reproductive aging in men are often brushed aside, but there's no justification for that. There's good evidence that older men have more mutations in their sperm, which means their children could suffer from a range of genetic abnormalities. Genetic defects can also make conception harder. A 2003 study found that couples in which the man was over 45 took five times as long to get pregnant as when the man was under 30, regardless of the woman's age. A 2019 review reported that sperm motility and semen volume decline with age and children born to fathers over 45 had poorer health and were more likely to need intensive care. Delayed fatherhood has also been linked with children having schizophrenia or autism. The authors wrote that the disparity between the social interpretation of men's and women's fertility and role in reproduction speaks volumes regarding our assumptions about gender roles, reproduction, and family planning. I couldn't agree more. Research on longevity may help alleviate these problems for elderly people. Until then, if we insist on talking about a ticking clock, maybe it should tick equally for women and men. Thanks for watching. If you enjoyed the episode, you can help us out by clicking the like button. And if you're new here, don't forget to subscribe to find out about new episodes. You can also leave a comment below to let us know what you liked about it or if you've got other feedback. This episode, like all of our work at X10, is possible because of the support of the Lifespan Heroes. If you'd like to promote and support longevity research, you can make a pledge at lifespan.io slash hero.


So far, we have looked at NGN from so many perspectives. A very important aspect is the economy of scales. With regards to the deployment of technologies, fiber optic communication systems exceed any other technology in terms of the economy of scales by far. Therefore, NGNs consider fiber optic communication system to be a very important technology. We'll see how this technology is being adopted as in the fiber to the home architecture. Specifically, we look at the access network perspective of the fiber to the home. In this module, first of all, we shall convince ourselves that fiber optic communication system is the future. Fiber optic communication, if I just quickly recap, is based on the transmission of optical pulses on optical fiber, which is a strand of a material which could be either glass or it could be plastic. This medium replaces the copper based conductors, which have previously been used. Consequently, the telecommunication companies are giving fiber optic communication systems more importance because of the bandwidth availability, which is there in these fiber optic networks. For the last good about 20 years, optical networks have seen immense deployment as regards to network traffic aggregation. For instance, the synchronous digital hierarchy or the synchronous optical networks have been used for serving as the transport networks. However, optical fiber is found to be very, very useful, not only at the back hall or in the transport, but also at the core and the access network. Recently, broadband technology is increasingly being deployed in terms of the last mile optical fiber cable instead of copper. The advantages are, of course, as compared to the electrical conductors. Optical communication is less susceptible to electromagnetic interference since fiber optic cable is now being considered for deployment right at the doorstep. So different architectures are being considered for deploying fiber optic under different conditions. The various architectures for implementation are, they are known collectively as FTTX, that is, fiber to the cabinet or fiber to the curb, fiber to the building, fiber to the home, fiber to the pavement, fiber to the distribution box. In all, these are known as FTTX, but we can conveniently refer to these as fiber to the home. The reason for calling it fiber to the home is that the fiber can be laid from the central office to the location which is closest to the customer premises and from there different hybrid or fiber-based solutions can be provided. The emphasis, however, is, as we initially said, the economy of scales to reduce the overall cost of deployment. It requires significant investments both in terms of time, the physical labor and the cost, of course, because generally there's a thumb rule. The thumb rule is when you consider a technology for deployment, the last mile technology part is the most cumbersome because it involves interaction with the number of users which are interested in getting the service. As a general thumb rule, it says two-thirds of the overall cost, including even the electronics and the server cost, two-thirds of the overall cost goes to the last mile. So you can well imagine that a very cost-effective solution for deploying fiber right at the home is very, very critical. As a makeshift, some solutions have already been there. For instance, a combination of optical technology along with the electrical technology has been used known as the XDSL. XDSL is what combines fiber-optic communication systems with the digital subscriber line technology and likewise, when we integrate or when we dovetail the coaxial cable with fiber-optic cable, it is known as the hybrid fiber coax. In all these, of course, the emphasis is to have a mechanism that reduces the fiber installation cost, including the fiber cost itself. The conversion between the electrical to optical and the optical to electrical domains because it is important to understand that the processing of packets, such as buffering, storage, and the packetization and the scheduling of different packets, is carried out in the electrical domain. So it means the cost considerations must include these as well.


Hello everybody! E here. E here. Welcome back to another book review. Today we're talking about a book that hit my radar because of the channel, massive channel. He's got like 10 times, no joke, 10 times the subscribers I do. He doesn't need a shout out. I'm going to give him a shout out anyways. I'll leave a link down there in the doobly-doo also, but it's better than food. The dude who does those reviews, he focuses more on translated and literary fiction, that kind of thing. I became a big fan of the aesthetic of his channel. It's very crisp and clean, and it fits the tone of him. I also like his sense of humor. I like the way he reviews books. He does deep dives. He talks about the authors, all that stuff, so definitely check him out. But today we are talking about One, No One, and 100,000 by Luigi Perendillo. I think that's how you pronounce it. I don't think it's Perendillo. It might be. I don't know. This book, the whole reason I wanted to read it, I'm going to go ahead and set it down. The whole reason I wanted to read it is, I don't want to talk about my writing too much, but one of the things I focus on in my writing is how everybody's realities are different. Of course you have certain facts of the world. The sun is the sun, the moon is the moon, that kind of thing, but you still have those people who think that the earth is flat, or any number of wacky ideas, but the coolest part about it, and the reason why I wanted to read this, I'm trying to get my words straight here, is because the book opens up the very first page.  He had never realized, and he starts going down this rabbit hole of how no one is the same to everyone else, not even you to yourself. How you see yourself is not the same how Tom Dick and Harry see you. It's completely different from person to person, and that concept alone drew me in. For those of you who are triggered by people writing in books, please look away, I made all different kinds of notes, most of them having to do with page numbers, just quotes in the book. I'm not going to share any of those quotes, because I want you to actually go out and read the book for yourself. It's a very short book, it's about 220 pages, I believe, but I took my sweet time with it. I did about 20 to 30 pages a day, and I really enjoyed reading it that slowly. I would suggest that you read it that slowly also, unless you're one of those people who can speed read and absorb everything. I know some of you are like that, some of you are not. With me, if I read something fast, I usually forget what I read on the last page before I get to the next page, and if that's a thriller, that's fine, you know, as long as you have a vague idea of what's going on, but with a book like this, this book is very cerebral. There's a lot of stuff where he is talking to himself, and it's not entirely obvious that that's what he's doing. There's some second person narrative in here, basically what's happening is he's talking to himself. He's not talking to the reader, he's talking to himself because he ends up fragmenting. I guess that is the best way to put it. Also, I am not going to do this book justice with my review, you really do need to go check out Better Than Food's review of this book, but I would just want to tell you why I enjoyed it so much. There are so many different ways that he brings this one idea. Like I said, right off the bat, the very first page tells you what the book is about, and you would think after a certain amount of time that it might get a little bit old reading about this concept over and over and over again, but how he changes how this affects his life and how it has driven him into madness, and the idea that he knows, well part of him knows, that he has gone crazy because of this. It's almost like trying to wrap your mind around the enormity of the universe, because there's seven billion people on this planet, and if you meet every single last one of those people, there's seven billion different versions of you floating around, well seven billion in one if you want to count yourself. That concept alone is nailed throughout the book. It is absolutely fantastic. My highest possible recommendation. Now I will add this, it likely will not end up on my best of the year list, because I don't think that this book will be amazing for everybody. There will be a lot of casual readers who will just kind of write it off. There will be deep thinkers who read this book and just kind of write it off for maybe even repetitiveness, but what I enjoyed the most was watching how it's almost like with Junji Ito's Uzumaki, how I saw spirals differently, or how I started seeing them more and more every day because I read this book. With this one, it opens up the floodgates on how everybody sees you. The most striking concept in here, or the most striking section that he built, is how who he is to himself is of course not who he is to his wife. This person that he loves, he cares for, that he knows, he thinks he knows, inside and out, well literally, this person that he thinks he has lived with is completely different from what he first thought of, what he first thought of her.  So yeah, definitely check this one out. If you think that concept is something because I can't harp on this enough, the concept is a metaphor throughout the entire book. Every single time he bumps into somebody or he's talking, that metaphor is there for the fact that you are someone completely different to everyone that you meet, and those people are different to people they meet, all of that stuff, it's fascinating. So if you think that that is a fascinating idea like I did, definitely pick up the book. So have you read one, no one, and 100,000, the titles of mouth full y'all, if you've read it, please let me know whether or not you liked it or hated it down there in the doobly-doo. If you hated it, I'd love to hear why, just as always, it's one of those times where I honestly want to know what kind of fault someone else would have with this book. But until next time, I have been E, you have been U, this has been another book review, I'll talk to you guys later. Bye bye.


Hi everyone, Joe for jazpiececasebreaks.com, coming at you with 2020 Panini Spectra Football Random Number Block Randomizer for these following teams right here, the only one we have to do. So coming up in a separate video will be the break itself for Pick a Team 5, fresh case too. That's how a number block works, if you're not familiar with it, it's also in our Frequently Asked Questions page, bottom left-hand corner, if you want to take a look at that, especially if you're new. Big thanks to these folks here, there are the numbers right there, let's roll it, let's randomize it, three and four, seven times for each list. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seventh and final time. Eric J, down to Mike T, after seven, three and a four, seven times for the numbers, one, two, and seventh and final time, after seven we've got nine, down to six, all right. So Eric, with nine, Eric with zero, so you'll get any and all redemptions for those teams right here, including one-of-one redemptions, but Josh, you'll still get live one-of-ones. Chris with three, Peter with seven, Andy with two, Kaden with five, Travis with four, Debra with eight, and Mike Tower with six. So let's order these numerically right there by column B, and coming up next in a separate video will be the break itself, stick around for that, jaskyscasebreaks.com, bye.


Hi Rudy, so I'll be talking on Application that we build known as RCB so RCB is a IC bouncer and we implemented it we want to implement it as a RC bouncer as a service so Before starting off with the talks, so let me introduce myself. So I am Saiyan Chaudhary. I am from India and I work with the federal engineering team as a federal infrastructure engineer and This is my Twitter handle, GitHub URL and my email ID So let me give you a background of the talk. So we started off with the project called Varta. Varta is an Indic word which means to talk in Hindi and The aim was to build an open communication and a collaboration tool for humans so that So that on top of open protocols, right? So we chose RC as our platform and We also had a prototype working on we built it on MeteorJS and we ran it for One year and then last year we had to stop it and because we hit some issues because of its monolithic code base and so since it was a prototype and MeteorJS was also in its development stage and so we hit a lot of issues while writing code and then issues were like we when any When there was any issues we had to we could not restart a part of that particular application and we had to go for restarting the complete application as a whole and also The maintaining connections with the server IC servers was very was becoming painful in the long run. So So we chose to rework on this thing and Started of working with ICB So this is Varta. So we had we made a responsive UI on top of Bootstrap Twitter Bootstrap and it was working really good until it hit the issues which we faced last year so why a bouncer so bouncer is a Bouncer is a basically a proxy between your IC client and your IC server which accepts all the traffic and it all the messages pass through passes through that particular IRC bouncer the IRC bouncer basically resides in a remote server where Which is always online so that if you all if you even if you disconnect your IC client It can keep logging your messages and keep a like it's like a ghost for you on the internet So but why another bouncer? So We were we did a couple of research while doing on bounces and we saw that there are a couple of bounces like ZNC, but We did not want to reinvent the wheel But we saw that the things we which we needed was not there in the existing bouncer some was like multi-hose bouncer So if you know of in free nodes so free nodes Restricts your current number of connections to 50 and if you want to increase that connections You need to do go through a long process. So instead we thought of Supposed thought of a multi-hose system where suppose you get exhaust on a particular host So it would automatic scale to Scale to another host so this was the thing which we wanted for a bouncer and then When when the condition for multi-host comes in the scenario the data synchronization between those bounces get tough so We thought so we also faced this issue issue in the existing bounces and So there's no consumable and same API for any of the bouncer so cut all the current bounces have API to At the max create a user or delete a network or anything like that on that level But there's in it. There's no way to control your browser at the whole So we wanted something in which we get a person can Automatically create its own IRC client of the on that top on top of that particular API. So we started writing a API on top of IRC be also and Most of the if you start configuring ZNC, it's really tough to start configuration So we wanted something that is easy to deploy easy to configure and easy to maintain So these were the reasons for which we started off working with IRC be so As I told you like so we have basically Python pine boys and since Python 3 is is the latest version of Python right now, so we started building IRC be on top of Python 3 and we use a sync IO a combination of a sync IO and Python 3 in IRC be and the features that We want we which we have as a In the which we have and also we have been since it's in the building process So some features are to be implemented in next few months. So Currently we have a distributed and auto scalable System in place so whenever we have whenever Particular my host get exhausted So we automatically try to scale it to another level and if the if there's no need of that host we try to scale down also at the same time and So then we have a web CLI and we have web and a CLI to Control your bouncer. It's not that great right now, but in the future it will be so the CLI is pretty much good But the web is test we are working on the web part right now. So it would be good in next few Weeks maybe so we are planning for to do a release in next month and Right now, it's really easy to manage. So you just need to fire a few commands and your bounces is ready to go and So consumable by external services, so we plan to have like So we plan to make that API so that API I was talking about so we are building an API on top of ICB so so that using that API endpoints the people outside People can actually build their own IC client on the top of that particular API. So the architecture we plant is Like this so we have a lot of so those are the IC client which actually connect to a load balancer So the use of the load balances that in it runs on 80 or a 443 443 port So it's helpful Because it can be accessible from anywhere and this scenario we have seen that in many Indian colleges the ports like the IRC port or the gate port is usually blog. So in that scenarios Students actually find it helpful to connect to something on the internet itself on 80 port so we have a load balancing place and those and then We have this cluster of bouncers which actually connect to the IRC servers and Then we have the CLI through which an admin as CLI and a web console through which an admin can actually add network create users and Actually manage the bouncers But if you see right now so this is actually a data store which might not be visible properly and so You might see that this Bouncers web console and CLI is kind of divided into components, but how do they actually communicate? So recently if you have heard of Facebook Facebook Gave a new proposal on a framework called flux. So basically it's a unidirectional directional Data flow the so they propose that there should be a unidirectional data flow so whenever there is action the data passes to the dispatcher and the data store is updated and They the data store actually emits out events based on which the view is re-rendered again, so We implemented a similar thing on the Server side, so whenever a bouncer wants to connect to Suppose they want to update a network, so it makes a initial initialization call To the data store wired to via the dispatcher and once the data store is updated it actually events signals to all the Components and the consumer which are actually listening to this particular events can actually work on those messages and suppose they can Disconnect a bot update a bot or do operations based on that particular event so the current status is we did a 0.1 release recently and we have a basic authentication support in which the IC client is can connect to this particular IC bouncer which through access token and Through and then we have support for multiple connections multiple clients through the same IC server So if you connect through X chat or it see the so it uses the same connections to connect to the IRC server and Then we have a like I told we have a CLI in place So it we are building on with the CLI also so since it's a 0.1 release. We have a lot of scope in future and Let me explain like what's the way ahead so As I told you like a free node restricts the number of connections to a from a particular IP so After talking to the free node guys, they told that if you have an IDent server if you do identification So we give a increased number of connections that you can do so we are planning to build an IDent server and then This is kindly we are implementing like I told we have we are planning to implement a flux architecture on the server side, but this is actually done which we have which we will be releasing in 0.2 release and Autoscale to avoid maximum connections per limit IP limit. So this is basically dependent on IDent server. So We will be so once the IDent server is done. We will be working on this third issue So on the bigger picture if you know so after IACB is stable, we will be working on Varta again and So that Varta will be use case so IACB will be use case for Varta and if you know Fedra is working on a communication tool for its Fedra contributors known as Fedra hubs, so Fedra house will be having an IACB widget through which all the Real-time chat that is happening over the Fedra channels can be seen so We are having a plan to integrate Fedra house with IACB in sometime future so Right now we are two of us are currently working on this project. So the more the hands it would be better so how can you join so we are working on IACB ground up there are plenty of tasks to do and This is the github repo which we have under the Varta organization. You can look up for the issues on Varta on the IACB repo and Start contributing to it. We also have an IACB channel called hash Varta. So You can come down and bring us there also. So my IACNIC is sign. So you can come down and ping me there So, yeah, so the free note channel is hash Varta The code rep is in Varta slash IACB and we also have a mailing list for discussion, which is on Google groups So you can join in there and post any questions that you have So that's all from my side. So any questions? So I think I can end this talk. Thank you


For this episode of brutal battle beer break I will be trying a beer that I've never done on the brutal battle beer break before and I actually just had my first of its Variety on the podcast not long ago The style is a grotzer or grotzer. I don't know. I say grotzer Which is like a German smoked wheat style beer So I Remember the first one I had I was very confused by I wasn't huge on it It was the new Belgium lips of faith one that they did with Three Floyd's so just wasn't a fan, but let's give it another shot This one is done by Westbrook brewing Westbrook brewing as you can see I mean they don't you know, there's not a lot of flash to their to their labels, but you can take a look at that They're out of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. This beer is 3.4% alcohol by volume so very very low as far as the alcohol goes and that had a lot to it I have a feeling here it comes Not good not good out of the gate Okay So that that was kind of a gusher. I was able to you know Make sure it wasn't a total mess, but obviously as you can see Lot of head to that thing. It is like that. It's so cloudy You know That's so cloudy kind of looks like grapefruit juice a little bit not like pink or red grapefruit, but you know Good god I have a feeling there's gonna be an issue with this. It's gonna be extremely carbonated based on what just happened I hope that's not the case smell Super super weedy. I get that kind of lemon peel smell to it some coriander There's a bit of The smoke I definitely get the smoke in there But it's also imparting like a little bit of like a salinity to go with it as well Man, that's the smoke is making it also smell a little like shoe leather ish, which is interesting It's not really smelling totally appetizing It's it's also bubbling up in here in case you can't see still trying to get out of that bottle. We'll see So when I taste it I mainly get that wheat flavor with some smoke and a bit of that kind of salinity to go with it There's a little bit of a tart aspect coming out on the end which Might be why It's acting acting this way out of the bottle. It could be a little um a little bit of an infection, but Kind of gonna be honest. I don't think it's too bad I think that little kind of twinge of tartness on the end is kind of nice It's a little bit of a funk to it as well and it goes well with that kind of smoky aspect. So Happy accident. I don't know very Very carbonated very effervescent on your tongue But um nice easy beer to sip the smoke isn't too overpowering, which is pretty nice I kind of like it. It's pretty good I'm gonna share this with the wife and see what she thinks she liked the other grotzer before that I didn't like but hey, this this is quite interesting and Westbrook. You did a good job Let's see what they said about it It's it's their interpretation of a grotzer they say which is a traditional German style smoked wheat beer brewed with lots Of hops and 90% oak smoked wheat malt the result is a spritzy smoky and refreshing now It is all of those things. So very cool. Thank you very much Westbrook Thank you everyone for watching and stick around because I'll be having plenty more beers coming your way Something else to kind of say if you have any beers that you would love to see me do on one of these videos You can go on itunes search brutal battle and give me a rating and review on there And then send me an email at brutal battle podcast at gmail.com Let me know that you did that rating a review and then give me a list of a few beers that I could pick from And I'll go and grab one do one of these videos and give you a shout out in it So just a little bit in incentive to get some ratings or reviews But thanks again everybody and go get yourself an awesome beer


Mobility and transport in our cities are powerful illustrations of the world's current triple crises. The pandemic has brought the movement of people in cities to a halt, hyperlocalising and virtualising our activities. The climate emergency is forcing us to recognise that the way we travel across and between our cities has make and break implications for global efforts re-establishing a safe climate. And seeing who has access to the city and who is excluded, or what consumes our streets and what contributes to urban life, makes abstract notions of justice and fairness comprehensible. For urban transport, the early 2020s are going to be an inflection point hard to overestimate. Digital connectivity will increase not just complement but substitute physical access. Public transport finance will require new business models and funding regimes. And the fiscal recovery packages and infrastructure investments being rolled out are crucial to either further entrench transport-intense urban development patterns or accelerate progress towards greater proximities based on density and mixed use. The greatest initial risk to sustainable urban transport may well be a pandemic-induced increase in the use of private motorised modes and the perpetuation of car-centric urban development. This shift is more likely if the level and quality of public transport services are not maintained at pre-pandemic levels. Uncertainty surrounding the restoration of public confidence in mass transit systems could lead to a death spiral for public transport if the loss in revenues are not compensated by alternative forms of finance. At the same time, many cities witnessed increases in walking and cycling and attracted significant investment to support these modes alongside a new form of localising urban activities and transport. As a result, uncertainties not only exist in relation to future mode shares but average travel distances in cities including and beyond travel to work. Are we witnessing the shift towards 15-minute walkable urban districts utilising digital connectivity for metropolitan and global accessibility or the persistence of a physically connected one-hour metropolitan region?


Good morning, everyone My name is David Gavis. I'm a reporter at the New York Times and I'm part of the climate team there Several years ago in 2017, which is a year. We'll come back to in just a moment The New York Times decided we were gonna found a climate team with the express intent of Marshall in the New York Times resources across the globe to really focus on how it is industry Countries we're gonna actually make this march toward net zero and a more circular economy I joined the team last year with a specific focus on the intersection of the private sector and Public policy looking for those multi-stakeholder solutions public private partnerships that we're gonna help get us there And so today it's very exciting to be talking about an effort that began here at the Weff six years ago in 2017 As well that is delivering real results and so we're here to talk about the launch of the Global Battery Passport and the GBA Alliance and to do that we have a terrific panel and some of the people involved in it we've got Dr. Martin Brudenmiller the chairman of BASF Benedict Sabotka the CEO of Eurasian Resources Group and Dame Ellen MacArthur of the MacArthur Foundation Champion of the circular economy will have closing remarks from Inga Peterson Who's the executive director of the Global Battery Alliance? Thank you all for being here so as discussed the This idea was really founded right here Six years ago now and since then there's been real traction The idea was to create a format a way to actually track what's inside batteries Their life cycle where those minerals and other components came from and what would be done with them When their life cycle at the end of that initial product was done It was a great idea But the question was was it actually going to come to fruition and today we're very excited I know Inga and some of her partners are extremely excited to say that it is Finally today launching the first proof of concept with the world's first battery passport on the way in there are QR codes And I think you can scan and actually have access to that first passport But that alone of course isn't going to be enough we need regulations to make this a reality and make this ubiquitous and It was in December that the European Council and the European Parliament provisionally agreed on Regulations that will make these mandatory starting in 2026 so this is going to be something that all manufacturers of large-scale EV batteries and up are going to be expected to be having associated with their products in the near future and this could go global the inflation reduction act in the US Which was just passed of course Finally committing $370 billion of federal funds in the United States to the fight against climate change Also includes guidance that will make it very likely that the United States will have to adopt Something like a global battery passport as well So this is real and we are here on its birthday to really see it into the world so First I would love to turn to you Martin You've been involved in this effort from the absolute get-go and I wonder if you could just talk about the need for it Especially from a corporate perspective as we were talking earlier I made the remark that these are sometimes well-intentioned ideas that come from you know activists, but Your involvement and your sustained commitment to it suggests that there's a real market for it and a need for it from the commercial perspective as well Well, I mean, I think it's very clear that batteries are key for the energy transition So there will not be any energy transition without batteries in the same moment We all know that this is a quite resource energy and and material intensive Play which also inevitably involves also social and environmental impact and that certainly includes Greenhouse gas emissions that are coming with the materials Working process But it is also the issues of child labor and also human rights violations that come with these materials where these materials actually are We have to tackle that as an industry as I think as society because there will be a massive growth in this industry if we want to achieve the Emobility targets so we have just recently with McKinsey looked at a little bit of the data and it looks like it is quite Real that we might have growth rates of up to 30% until 2030 in this business and Involving all the whole value chain. We're talking about more than 400 billion Of value and a market size of 4.7 terawatt hours of battery capacity So there will be a lot of players involved and it's very evident if we want to design this value chain That battery supplies a sustainable battery supply, but also a life sign end of life strategies Play a key role and I think it is in the absolute interest of everyone to really tackle this and make this Transparent and if you think about if that is done well what we could save actually alone in the electric mobility more than 70 giga tons of co2 until 2050 and we could also if we do the Recycling well most probably save up to 90% of the co2 that is involved in the in the version material. So That is why we actually took that up by I think it's also you said it was incubated in 2017 to have this idea and it was a small group that started and now we ended up with 130 Members in the global battery alliance and they actually comprise not only foundations and government agencies But also companies from automotive for mining from chemicals and from cell manufacturers and even energy companies So and I think this is very clear that that we have to tackle this and this is why I'm very happy that We came along to design and have agreed on 10 guiding principles that bring transparency and also show actually how we can tackle the different Important topics and this is also why my company as a as a player in this field is strongly interested in in running a Sustainable Value chain and I think at a very end it goes down to the end consumer who wants to have transparency Indeed. Thank you very much for that. Let's drill down into the details Benedict. Can you talk a bit more about how this actually works? You've been involved in the development What are the actual details of this? How is it going to look from the? OEM side how our consumers and people who are curious about what's actually in what they're buying going to use this The the battery passport is is a perfect example of The magic that can happen at the world's economic forum because what started around a little coffee table Just looking upon Lake Geneva in 2017 turn out to be Bringing us to the world's largest Organization in the energy storage space that tells you and I encourage everyone at the forum is to think about the coffee table as The incubator for potentially great ideas that can have a big impact And I like the battery passport which is the flagship initiative of of the global battery lines among a few other projects that we work on It's because it is very tangible it delivers impact It's not just a conversation is actually something that consumers will be able to use to differentiate What went into the battery into the electric vehicle that they will be purchasing so it gives consumers choice? They can choose a battery that has a lower or a higher co2 footprint They can choose a battery that contains minerals that have been mined sustainably or not And it's that kind of pressure that is going to really have an impact because once you give people a choice They will make choices and they will push in addition to what we do as the as the industry we push for certain standards They will pull for those stands to be adopted very quickly So the battery passport is essentially a digital twin of the physical battery. That's in the car Right sounds pretty simple It's not because you've got dozens of minerals in that in that product with very very diverse sources of orange So what we've tried to do is really to work towards something that gives a very tangible Overview of the current batteries. We've got three pilots One from Tesla two from Audi you funny enough you when you go around in the and down in Davos here Some of the cars already have that sticker on it So you can people can actually go now and scan the sticker and I have a little sticker here is to show you how it looks like My ambition is that ten years from now every single electric vehicle has a sticker like that on the back I don't even go and scan and I let me see where that cobalt comes from. What was it refined again? Interesting right because it triggers the right discussions and particularly if you do not have information on the provenance and The ESG compliance of those products that raises the right questions and it puts pressure on the supply chain to be more sustainable So in the battery passport as you click on it you can open it and open the website It's publicly available. It gives you the technical specification capacity manufacturing history material provenance What are materials flow? How do they move? Do they go through China? Do they not go to China go through different refiners who is actually the manufacturer of the cell of the precursor and so on And it compares that against what we've included is a greenhouse gas Emissions rulebook which has been put together by a broad coalition of multi stakeholders, which is very important This is a multi-stakehold initiative. There's not an industry initiative Which is very important for the acceptance of the standards that we have in this in this in the system The battery password will bring very new levels of transparency in the supply chain From beginning to end you mentioned circularity and recyclability That's going to be an important element of that because we will have to recycle 10 11 12 million tons of battery materials In in the very near future. So the ultimate goal is really provide end user end user transparency That's a quality seal And again this these are the kind of things that can happen around a coffee table in doubles Amazing and and to the point about how it actually works I mean it sounds like we can actually all go see how it works when we walk out of the Congress Center right now Just briefly better. You mentioned these partnerships and developing the proof of concept with Tesla and Audi What did that work actually look like? Can you just take us through some of that development process? Perhaps one of some of the challenges for the global battery alliance and also I suspect real challenges for the Manufacturers as well as they had to navigate some of these new data requirements Maybe dig down into their supply chains in ways that they hadn't before The the most important challenge is that the the energy storage supply chain is highly complex And it's highly globalised. I mean a unit of a battery material may be produced in Africa That would be shipped for refining to China from refining to Korea from Korea to Japan from Japan to the US So you would have a unit of that battery will be going around the world two or three times before it actually ends up in the Vehicle, so it's very complicated and you have a multitude of different products that go in and of course You have to be very clear on what kind of standards do you want to measure you cannot measure everything in the beginning That's what we have piloted. That's why you focused on the most immediate ones, which is CSR particularly human rights Which is a concern in some of the supply chains and greenhouse gas emissions because some products in a battery or some batteries Have a significantly lower co2 footprint than others So the complexity and the globality of that has been one of the big challenge and then of course agreeing on the rules Because we don't want to water down the rules that are being applied to the supply chain quite the opposite We want to raise the standards and to make sure that we raise the bar for the industry as a whole as we built out this supply chain To be a sustainable supply chain. It's the it's the the biggest build-up of a supply chain probably since The hydrocarbon revolution at the end of the 19th century was we're witnessing a transformation in an industry That's been that's that's historic and we have to make sure that's done in a in a sustainable fashion That's great, and you just mentioned things like greenhouse gases child labor Martin as you and the alliance thought about how to measure some of these very difficult metrics How to standardize them across the globe as we heard, you know standards Operations differ vastly from region to region. How did you think about creating something that could actually translate as it were with a? Passport and and come up with a common set of metrics standards that would actually be useful for Consumers and OEMs going forward, and I think this was the key and that was the first obstacles We had to take as a group and actually get together because we have quite some different perspectives But that was also what the working groups did they took all these different experience to actually define a Rule set and let's say a manual How you do that because if we if you compare apples with peers that doesn't help also the consumer and doesn't give the transparency So what actually was done, and I think Benedict just said this there are many many more which we have to do so it is water usage It is it is forced labor its biodiversity which in the long run you have to do But we said what are the two crucial ones from our perspective? And this is really on one hand greenhouse gases and the other part is the the child labor Issue so we have actually in working teams been sitting together and have made I think the first real setup that is Usable in both categories That's more than hundred indicators actually on the child labor part where you can assess How much you go back down to the root cause of that and actually how you can access Assess your own performance in that respect if you go to the greenhouse gas also here We have I think developed a very comprehensive framework to calculate It is a set of about 80 rules a methodology How you actually take this and how you make this in a very comparative way a kind of a manual and I think it is a Methodology that was broadly accepted by the players in the value chain Which is important and as you mentioned it looks like that this is now Making its road in the European part But I think the signs are also good that in the Canadian and in the American environment They will be adopted and at the very end it has to be a global set And I think this is where we are proud because I think the first one that comes sets a little bit the standard That might move a bit then some other parts coming in But I think we have actually made the first step here and I'm very confident that the rules had as we have Defined them makes its world to become really a global standard and Martin I'm always curious as a reporter when I hear Corporations effectively welcoming more regulation as it were effectively asking To be forced to be more transparent Whenever I see that it suggests to me that there is real economic value at the end of a process like this Can you talk about the way in which for big companies for big corporates? This could actually reduce costs at the end of the day if you believe that's the case Well, we don't embrace all kind of regulation There's good and bad ones and I think in something like this the value chain You need that because you want also to well to optimize the value of your product and that ultimately will be only Maximized if actually you you adhere to the standards and you have transparency to the consumers as Benedict said people will make choices later But they have to sure if they pay a higher price that is also everything fine along the value chain So it is in the purest interest also of the commercial player And I think this is also one of the reasons why we moved forward. It is not an altruistic and Idealistic approach only it is also desperately needed to actually orchestrate that chain in terms of Being commercial and competitive it is very much about competitiveness Because certainly the the battery prices have to go down if you want to penetrate electric cars So there is this piece on one end going down, but you want to optimize your value So that is one piece of regulation which we embrace Thank you very much. Ellen. Let's turn to you You've been a champion of the circular economy, which I think several years ago might have still been sort of a somewhat foreign term To many people I feel like it's broken through into the mainstream and and here today We're talking about, you know a real manifestation of regulation of public pride private partnership That is starting to bring, you know the vision of the circular economy into reality Can you talk about how you see something like the battery passport fitting in to this work that you've been sort of beating the drum on for So long and where do you think it goes from here? I think you need to take a step back and look at the whole economy Because I think the battery passport is a great shining light as to what's possible and what the future looks like But when we look at the whole economy and you know, we've been talking about, you know, the future and what's needed The economy has been predominantly linear Manufacturers have been buying raw materials making things and then selling them and once that product is sold that material is lost They have no means of recovering it and in many cases nor has the economy because we don't know what sits within that product They do and when we look at circular economies three principles, we have eliminate waste and pollution Circulate products and materials for as long as possible and then regenerate systems and nature In order to eliminate waste and pollution you need to not create it in the first place And that's a design question and that design question is crucial when it comes to the battery passport because this whole Idea is about illustrating what sits within the product So when you illustrate what sits within the product through a passport, you know where your materials are within the world Therefore they have much less chance of becoming waste because once you've sold it and you've lost it Anyone could end up with that product But this is about keeping the value of that battery because we understand what sits within it And we're then able to recover the materials and feed them back into the economy And then that set set foot into the resilient space, you know, why do businesses want this this this change? Well, actually they need the raw materials of the future to feed into their manufacturing processes So you're building a circular system through the passport to enable the tracking of the materials through digital Enablement to flow back into the system, which is vital for business business needs new raw materials in the future and the other point that was touched on and Martin You mentioned it was the 90% co2 savings through the way that we manufacture batteries. That's massive and when we look at the the the need to shift towards a More climate-friendly economy, we always talk about the energy needs We always talk about where does the energy come from which is vital Which is why we have the electric cars because we know that combustion engines are not the long-term future But when we look at the split as to the the carbon savings of that transition 55% comes from the shifter renewables cleaner energies, but 45% of the targets needed for that 1.5 degrees That's how we make and use things. That's how we make and use batteries That's how we we collect materials and feed them into the economy and that is huge And that's everything. It's not just batteries And I think this is a great example of using digital enablement to track materials within the economy And this will be for everything in the future. This won't just be batteries. It'll be IT equipment. It'll be it'll be Plastics, it'll be Infrastructure we need to know where those materials are to feed them back into the economy not only from a resilience perspective But also from an economic perspective because you know where your stocks and flows are and today we quite simply don't Well an endorsement from Dame Ellen MacArthur means a lot for anyone doing work in the circular economy Or in the corporate world in general Let's turn to Inga Peterson who's the executive director of the Global Battery Alliance who is really championed this work Especially over the last nine months Inga could you talk to us about what some of the challenges have been some of the learnings and also what comes next because it this is a Important day, but it's really just the very beginning Exactly. Thank you so much David and also the panelists I would just like to start by Acknowledging that the organizations involved in launching the world's first part of your passport are true pioneers because they are the first to ask them Sometimes difficult questions about their own performance. So I would just like to officially congratulate all of our members And it is also important to recognize that this achievement wouldn't have been possible Were it not for the countless hours of in-kind expert time that we've benefited from Establishing this proof of concept is a major milestone, but it is only the beginning But we have at the same time already taken away some invaluable lessons from this So just one thing to consider is that a typical value chain for a typical OEM For the automotives may have upwards of 40,000 suppliers So for us to establish end-to-end value chain from cradle to gate mine to OEM Has been a real challenge and we were only able to overcome it due to the trust build amongst the members in the alliance We're all united behind our vision and Interestingly as a result of our pilots despite the early stage one of our participating OEMs For the first time learned about the exact mines. They were sourcing their cobalt from so this immediately triggered Due diligence processes if these materials were actually responsibly sourced So despite it being a proof of concept is already shown its effect. I think what's important is That by creating a harmonized performance standard and framework through the rule books that Martin and Benedict talked about Will really be able to make transparent supply chains the norm Creating the pathway to address the issues that are the most salient and with the urgency that they require Another little point to make is that we've engaged Battery manufacturers that represent over 50% of the global market So we really that gives us confidence that these pilots can set the trend for the industry to as to become the new norm really Now what the process of agreeing the reporting rules be more straightforward and a more homogeneous group in an industry setting? Certainly, but our members are completely committed to this multi stakeholder concept We will build on that and continue building out more comprehensive indicator frameworks including streamlined indicators on circularity for example But critically we also need to work on enabling interoperability with existing standard systems and frameworks and addressing mission critical issues of data governance disclosure commercially sensitive information and data verification So striking this balance between comprehensiveness level of ambition But also a company's ability to implement what we're designing is really the work that we're focusing on and in this way We'll work towards guiding consumer purchasing decisions based on product sustainability performance So I'll just close by also thanking the World Economic Forum for writing the beginning of the G base story for which today We've completed the next chapter. Thank you so much. Thank you Inga. Do we have any questions from the audience? We've got a few minutes Yes, sir, please in the front because material may be taken out and then again put it backs. How do you do that? So that's a question. Maybe I'm Benedict Martin or Inga could take which is at the point of recycling which is of course, you know We're I don't know that any of the batteries clearly that have gotten the passport yet have been recycled yet So some of this may be somewhat theoretical What actually happens? How do you track it and and what happens to that initial battery passport? And is that next battery passport presumably? On a battery that perhaps was actually made with recycled components going to identify all that history of those materials The battery passport assigns a unique Identifiable number to each battery. That's in a car. So that's a big step forward Actually, we'll actually know what kind of a battery is it? What's the chemistry and where is it right? How long has it been used and where is it going to end up? So it's less of a problem today because there are very few batteries that are being recycled Recycling today happens predominantly in the actual manufacturing process because it's today a very wasteful process A lot of materials actually lost in the production of batteries. So I think it's a it's a problem We'll have to solve a little later on But this unique identify will actually allow to find the battery and then Recycle the batteries for as most valuable components one of the challenges today is is you actually cannot recycle a significant part of the battery Right because of the chemical composition because of the materials that don't lend itself to recycling but some you can And I think it's it's a over time We will be finding ways to recycle some of the other materials in the batteries as well the theme for example It's very difficult to recycle today. Whereas cobalt or aluminum is not So it's over time. We'll find a mechanism to do that. But We have a few more years to work on this until these big volumes of of used electric vehicle Batteries will hit the market and I think your question was also the entry point For a new battery has to have the batches of the information where it comes from So it has to have the endpoint of becoming a black mass powder Which is actually engaged in the production again So that in that respect you can track things for a long term and at the very end The nickels and the cobalt will fuel many generations cars. The cars might look different But say always the same metal doing the job. That must be the battery material or the battery with the low CO2 footprint will be a recycled battery Yeah Extraordinary any other questions from the audience? Yes, one move. Please ask one more. So now as you said that there'll be unique code And you know that battery particularly each manufacturer also tracks his battery Your life cycle time will there be any time conflict between Tracking the unique code or there'll be no tracking of unique code Is there any global agency will be tracking where this battery is going because then there might be conflict that The company which is using it also tracking its own battery and the unique code which is a global code also being tracked Well, I would say if it if you have to have a consistent system where the information is correct It can go in all channels, but you can always trace it back And this is I think why it is important that we have one global system and not running four or five system because otherwise There will be information lost then the material will disappear and you don't know where it came from So that is why I think the global standardization is very important And then certainly a material travel you might have a car assembled in one region It goes to another region and the end of life is another region. So if we don't close that loop I think we lose the information. So it must be the goal And may I just ask a follow-up of Inga? Can you describe just very briefly where the actual data is being held and how that's being organized and And how transparent that's going to be is it going to be open source is going to be on the blockchain Where is all this data because it's huge volumes that we can see is on the way Where is it going to be held stored and and how is it going to be accessed? Thank you easy question These rules are in fact still being written So one of the principles that we tried to implement for the proof of concept is to really enable interoperability of different it solutions Because we believe that the market will select their own instruments and there will be much competition With different systems different it solutions. So the gba doesn't see itself very much in prescribing this But we would like to excuse me Really orchestrate this ecosystem that the different solutions can a talk to each other issue comparable information and Consistently report against the same rules so that we can benchmark it. Okay. Yeah more work ahead clearly Still to be done. We have one more question in the back Thank you. Could you just talk a little bit more about the pilot with the pilots with tesla and audis with that entails? yeah I passed that question to Inga. She's been intricately involved in in those pilots But clearly tesla and fox wagon group. I think they're by far the largest Electric vehicle manufacturer sort of have them in the pilots I think it's a testimony of of the relevance of the gba and as as the industry is galvanizing around these standards So please Inga Yeah, we basically had these companies involved alongside non-governmental members international organizations governments to first Define the rules against which they need to be assessed In terms of the pilot participation, this was open to all of our members It was opt-in who wanted to be the first to disclose data that hasn't yet been asked for so it's it's a brave step Which is why it's also important to note that the data in the battery passport is realistic data It doesn't serve yet for comparison. We've selectively Withheld parameters so that it cannot be prematurely compared, but we show the principles And we've worked with these companies to mobilize their value chain Composed of gba members so that we can create that trusted interplay Between the different actors to start sharing information without getting locked down in 10 years of nda negotiations And really create that trust in the system. And that's how We mobilized the cell makers because the gba combines really the entire value chain and is is quite unique in that respect Support showing up yet. Yes. So if you leave the room, there is a barcode displayed at the door You can scan it with your mobile phone and access the data Well, clearly we have more questions and answers than we have time for today. We are unfortunately out of time Congratulations on the launch of the battery passport into the global battery alliance and all its partners Thank you very much for Ellen MacArthur for sharing with us Her view that this is really the fruition So the the manifestation of the circular economy One step at a time, and thank you to all those in the room and our panelists. Thank you very much


What's up everybody? Jason here for JaspysKageBrace.com. This is the last two bowman spot giveaway break So we needed to sell out here with this 2021 Top's Chrome Platinum Anniversary Baseball 1 box break round team number six So again the last two bowman random division spots being given away here at the end of this break So first we do the break and randomize the customer names and teams distribute the hits out then at the end We'll take the customer names randomize them top two out of the 30 get into the divisional break Which will be coming up next right there Now we only sold 24 spots guys. We're gonna give away Six free spots to customers that bought in so the first guys really here will be for the list of customer names top six Get extra free spots. We're gonna paste them. I don't have to cover names teams and do the one box break So let's roll it two and a four six times. Good luck top six get extra free spots one two three four five and six Fred Andy Michael Michael Fred Fred. There you go Top six after six times on two three four five six So now we're gonna switch teams Are not switching is now we're gonna randomize the customer names and teams for the break Which will be six times One two three four five Six and then it's gonna be six times here for the teams now one two three four five six Boston Red sauce and the Los Angeles angels All right, so stick to what you guys is a quick little box break, but I'll let you guys take a quick glance at your teams And then we'll do the quick box Let's go quick how you box break. Oh guys. Good luck. Time is even since our autograph for the Reds that's number to 199 and Since any reds that would have been out of cover so we can get a mantle one time John Smoltz blue to 189 Kanto my it up often for the Padres Don trail Willis. I see he was working for the Dodgers Network yesterday I didn't realize that Santander and Dalton Jeffries. Nice. That should be out of 70 or out of 50 75 Tristan McKenzie and Chris Alright, so there you go. It's your one autograph. Let's put that in a top loader there and appreciate it guys That was the quick break. Now. Let's do the main giveaway what everybody has been wanting Get those two spots in this Bellman six hundred dollar random division break. So top two get in guys. Here's a dice roller roll it five and a two seven times. Good luck top two are in one two three four five six seven Boom Missing I was Fred Let's see Fred didn't have a handful of spots and maybe could be the top two but from Fred down. I was a sorry guys You guys are not in top two Michael L and Adam cupperman there you go top two After seven times. Congratulations guys I'll paste your guys's names in here and Coming up next is the break itself. Thank you