Good morning and welcome to the course on In some of the books of the Bible, let's pray and we will get started. I'll just begin with the word of prayer Heavenly Father, we thank you once again for this opportunity Lord to discuss your word and know it in a deeper way We pray that you will breathe upon it Father God by your Holy Spirit, we pray God that you will receive the full power of Lord your word and the work of the Spirit in our lives of God Father, we sing blessings upon every single student faculty Lord the college and father even our families right now father We we commit ourselves into your hands and Jesus name we pray All right, so let's come down to the end of Second Peter chapter one, that's where we were we saw how Peter encourages the believer to Grow in the Lord he says that we can escape the corruption of the world We can be partakers of the divine nature of God because God has given us what What it takes to live a life of that kind We saw how he shows us the path of fruitfulness and maturity and he says that we need to add to our faith, you know many different many different aspects that build our character Then we went on to the fact that Peter is saying he's reminding the believers He leaves a reminder with the believers because he also had an idea God had already Confirmed to him that very soon he will be taken away And now moving forward there is a Section where he talks about you know how we must follow God and we must also heed the prophetic word of God so from verse 16 He says Don't follow coming devised fables when we made known to you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we're eyewitnesses of his majesty. So what he and the other apostles have handed us Handed to us. They are by eyewitness Peter was very much with Jesus Christ and they are not Built up fables, you know, sometimes people trust and believe in non-historical Events and people but Peter says what we handed over to you is not like that There is so much evidence. We were eyewitnesses to the life of Jesus Christ and You know the fact that Jesus is the Son of God and he talks about that incident right in the Mount of Transfiguration Where they saw they saw Jesus being transformed and then you know also he he states that Once again, let me just read out for he received from God the father honor and glory when such a voice came to him from the Excellent glory. This is my beloved son in whom I am well-pleased So he has seen different things and he has also heard different things So he saw Jesus being trans transfigured. He saw a voice from heaven come, right? You know at the time of his baptism They must have seen they must have seen something unusual Experience something unusual So many different things have happened as they've walked with the Lord So he's just kind of summing up those experiences and he's saying, you know, they even heard that voice That that affirm that Jesus is the Son of God and was 18 And we heard the voice which came from heaven when we were with him on the holy mountain Okay now moving on he says that we must we must Believe in the word of prophecy. So he says that the prophetic word You know, that is like he gives this Comparison like light that shines in a dark place. So that is a characteristic of The prophetic word because it brings hope, right? It brings hope and this word actually comes from God and he is also saying that you know Why is he talking about all these things? He's saying put your trust in Jesus as I witness We have seen that he's the Son of God and then he says his word is sure his word is valuable and In fact, no scripture that we have is, you know just by itself But it is inspired by the spirit of God. It is actually prophetic. All of scripture is a prophetic What is prophecy? We said the mind of God being spoken, isn't it the heart of God being communicated? So all of scripture He says is prophecy it is not of any private interpretation and we all know that prophecy does not come from man, but it comes from God and You know, even the people who wrote it down, we might say that they some were some people wrote poetry some wrote prose you know some wrote some other forms of Literary writing, but it's not from their minds But they were inspired as they were moved by the Holy Spirit He says so all of scripture is God breathed and we can put our trust in the scriptures now. Let's Continue we will move on. I'm just going to keep moving on if you have questions Please stop me and you can always ask me and now we'll go to chapter 2 and Chapter 3 we can kind of read it together because you know, it has one Theme running through it. So we'll quickly read chapter 2 chapter 3 and then I'm gonna Share the meaning of both these chapters So anyone please feel free, I think I'll let one person read chapter 2 and one person read chapter 3 second Peter chapter 2 Destructive doctrines, but there were also false prophets among the people Even as there will be false teachers among you who will secretly bring in destructive heresies Even denying the Lord who bought them and bring on themselves swift destruction and many will follow their Destructive ways because of whom the way of truth will be blasphemed By God justness they will exploit you with deceptive words For a long time their judgment has not been idle and their destruction does not slumber Doom of false teachers for if God did not spare the angels who sinned But cast them down to hell and delivered them into chains of darkness To be reserved for judgment and did not spare the ancient world But saved Noah one of eight people a preacher of righteousness Bringing in the flood on the world of the ungodly and turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah into ashes Condemned them to destruction making them an example to those who afterward Would live ungodly and delivered righteous lot who was oppressed by the filthy conduct of the wicked For that righteous man dwelling among them Tormented his righteous soul from day to day by seeing and hearing their lawless deeds Then the Lord knows how to deliver the godly out of temptations And to reserve the unjust under punishment for the day of judgment and especially those Who walk according to the flesh in the lust of uncleanness and despise authority They are presumptuous Self-willed they are not afraid to speak evil of dignitaries Whereas angels who are greater in power and might do not bring a reviling Accusation against them before the Lord Deep Previty of false teachers verse 12 But these like natural brute peace made to be caught and destroyed Speak evil of the things they do not understand and will utterly perish in their own corruption And will receive the wages of unrighteousness as those who counted pleasure to carouse in the daytime They are spots and blemishes carousing in Their own deceptions while they feast with you having eyes full of adultery and that cannot cease from sin Enticing unstable souls They have a heart trained in cautious practices and are accursed children And are accursed children They have forsaken the right way and gone astray Following the way of Balaam the son of Bior who loved the wages of unrighteousness But he was rebuked for his iniquity A dumb donkey speaking with a man's voice restrained the madness of the prophet These are wells without water clouds carried away by a tempest For whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever Deceptions of false teachers for when they speak great swelling words of emptiness They allure through the lust of the flesh Through lewdness the ones who have actually escaped from those who live in error While they promise them liberty they themselves are slaves of corruption For by whom a person is overcome by him Also, he is brought into bondage for if After they have escaped the pollutions of the world through the knowledge of the lord and savior jesus christ They are again entangled in them and The latter end is worse for them than the beginning for it would have Been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness Than having known it to turn from the holy commandment Delivered to them, but it has happened to them according to the true proverb A dog returns to his own vomit and a soul Having washed to her blowing in the mile Yes, amen. Thank you. Thank you. Rosalind. Thank you so much again for reading that long passage Uh, maybe what we'll do is let me quickly explain this otherwise, you know You may not remember it by the time we come back and then we discuss this So let's go through this and then we will read chapter 3. So as we can see here, this is so very Similar to the book of jude Because even jude is warning about false teachers false prophets their characteristics and how You know, they they despise authority. They live ungodly lives almost the same same You know teen so When was this written? We have to remember, you know, like peter Jude these were some of the early episodes that were written. So they were written around the same time, you know and Maybe like we can understand that there was a real problem of a false people false teachers and heresies and wrong doctrine around them and they needed to warn the people and even more Because they knew that there will come a time when they are going to leave Then all the work that has been done so far, uh, you know, if it is not protected Then what will happen? It'll be destroyed, isn't it? Uh, the the labor of all these decades the work of god The preservation of the the doctrine the teaching You know the authenticity of our faith in god Remember jude said content for the faith. So that's the spirit with which peter is writing this passage I'm gonna touch the highlights, you know in various sections of chapter two. So basically he says look, there will be False prophets false teachers among you who will secretly bring in destructive heresies even denying the lord Who brought them and bring on themselves with destruction. So what he's saying is there will be Uh, you know people are rising in these categories Uh, even you know, maybe even false apostles we can say Basically those who are not true ministers of god and he says there's something About the way they do this secretly bringing in destructive heresies And and so we realize that sometimes the way heretical teaching comes in is not very obvious It may be very subtle most of it sounds wonderful, but then there are these you know sections or These these portions that are wrong so very wrong But what do false teachers and prophets do they smoothly bring it in secretly bring in destructive heresies? It says and it can go to a great extent even denying the lord Um, and you know, there's there's a lot of this happening in the world around I once came across some very weird form of teaching and doctrine You know where where someone was talking from scripture only Um, but then it there was no christ in it Like there are a lot of biblical truths that they're talking about they're talking about fasting They're talking about faith. They're talking about moving the mountain. They're talking about the spirit of god But uh, it's all about, you know, how we as people can can Use these principles But where is the honor to our lord jesus christ that that was not there jesus and the cross There was no emphasis on that and it was actually quite scary because it looks it looks so much like a church and it looks so much like you know, um I mean, I saw this on on youtube actually some of the teachings of a particular individual and it was so shocking that Everything talking about faith and prayer and fasting sounds so biblical But when you look at the whole part of what is actually happening, uh, there's no concept of salvation also over there So once when that person was asked, what do you think about salvation? He does not he says, yeah We don't need forgiveness For anything then what what does the whole doctrine about if there's no question of receiving forgiveness from the work of the cross So you see things like this are happening in the world around us And why did he talk about maturity earlier? You see the the best Way to identify Wrong teaching is through maturity when we are well versed in the word when we are strong in the lord We can quickly pick it up But if there's no maturity then identifying these things becomes quite difficult So maturity is needed these kind of people will come up He says secretly bringing things even deny the lord and uh, you know, he says that they are very influential Many will follow their destructive ways And uh, it's unfortunate that you know, they can lead people and they will exploit people with deceptive words However in the next section, you know, he is just reminding us the way jude said, uh, you know that there are consequences We in jude, he also brought up the angels who are imprisoned punished by god for for leaving their domain Uh, you know those who did not respect the authority of god And he talked about bala right who was rebellious So he gave those examples here again. We have the example of those angels in noah's time who Did not You know, they they did not stay in their position They were covetous and they desired something else and they got into sinful relationships with human beings And then you know that he also talks about the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah Where there was so much of sin existing But the point in the section over here is consequences So he's saying there will be consequences these false teachers may think that nothing will happen But it will happen even look at the angelic host who Engaged in sin. Where are they now? We know that some of them are like the the ones who sin They are imprisoned, but then we have other fallen angels who are what we call as demons And they will also experience the judgment of god at the right time and one one other Different not here is he mentions about lot and he says in verse seven And delivered righteous lot who was oppressed by the filthy conduct of the wicked Right and then in verse nine, he goes on to say then the lord knows how to deliver the godly out of Tentations and to reserve the unjust under punishment for the day of judgment So he's saying for unrighteousness. There's going to be judgment for sure It may not look like judgment is happening or coming Right and ungodly people keep propagating their teaching But it will come but for the righteous Righteous lot that's an example where god is reminding us See god knows how to deliver those somebody who's righteous and oppressed So god knows both how to judge the ungodly how to deliver the godly So we must put our trust in god And you know, that's where our faith must be And uh, you know, he goes on and talks about these false teachers and false prophets if from verse 10 He says they walk according to the flesh In the lust of uncleanness and despise authority very similar to what jude said, you know, look at their life Look at their rebellious nature Where they don't respect authority So that those are signs those are signs actually of uh, the false teachers So then how do we identify one is we need to be mature that gives us the capacity to recognize Secondly, we listen to their teaching if it is not Glorifying jesus, you know, there is error over there And look at their life. What kind of a life Do these prophets have do these um false teachers have those lives are more about Fulfilling their own lustful desires. It's not god honoring. So these are all signs of You know such such false people false leaders and we as the church We must be warned and we must warn others as well. He says they are presumptuous Self-will. What is the meaning of presumptuous? So presumptuous is when one is not Um, like Learned or one is not knowledgeable It's one thing to come from a place of knowledge Where we read the scriptures we understand and therefore we make a statement, but presumptuous is Not having knowledge just saying whatever we want whatever we I mean, it's not really backed up. It's just you know, our Our imagination and so that's presumption and he says A lot of these teachings would come that way because people are presumptuous They just make up stories. They just say whatever they feel like and he says self-willed Self-willed also again has to do with a fleshly kind of an attitude yielding to the flesh So these are characteristics and again, he says they're not afraid to speak evil of dignitaries. Remember jude said that even uh When when it came to the body of contending for the body of moses There was a manner in which you know the angels spoke and he said the lord rebuke you Right, uh, but these people have no respect for For structure order or even Authority that god himself has placed on them. So he's highlighting False teachers false prophets for us to understand how these people are so that we can identify Now moving on to a little bit more about such people So he is expanding on the fleshly kind of a lifestyle of these people And he says different things about what they end up doing. He says, um, you know They firstly they will have consequences They are like rude beasts. He says out of control When it comes to their their fleshly engaging in their fleshly lusts and they Are made to be caught and destroyed, which means they will face Consequences now. What are some things that they might do? Speak evil of the things that they do not understand So they don't have knowledge and they speak presumptuously And he says he goes on karaos in the daytime. What is karaos karaos has to do with, you know, like very, uh, loud Drinking parties that people hold. So you can imagine if somebody is partying like that in the daytime That's not the appropriate time. They don't seem to have a sense of responsibility or focus or purpose And so, you know, he he's just saying that they are all about For their own benefit doing things for their own benefit. Uh, and he says That you know, they're part of the feast Uh Own deceptions while they feast with you meaning they they love to enjoy they love to enjoy Uh, you know resources and uh even fellowship.  They entice unstable souls So they are very deceptive Trying to catch those Among the fellowship or maybe, you know, among the the brethren who are not strong enough Because that's easy for them To catch them, uh, and and they have they they're very covetous And then he goes on to the example of balam just like jude, right? So balam was working for profit money Right willing to go against god for the sake of money. Even these people they won't have that strength of character or That determination to honor god if it means that they're going to get something they can easily change You know the the premise that they have and so such are these people Be careful about them. Be careful about them. They have forsaken the right way and gone astray, right? they've they've done that and You know in the case of balam, it was so sad.  What are you doing? You know, so The the the problem here is that such individuals not only are they they Deceiving others unstable people. They're trying to grab their attention and deceive them But they are themselves deceived So when we are self deceived, you know, that is one of the biggest problems ever Because when we are self deceived and we are very convinced that we are correct We are right. We are righteous when god is Showing otherwise through his word or you know through circumstances through many other People around us, we're not willing to listen and that's dangerous because in that situation when we are self deceived Nobody can help us. Even god is not able to help Right. So these false teachers and prophets not only do they deceive others but unfortunately They are themselves are self deceived and it's like lucifer. That was the problem of lucifer, isn't it? He deceived himself that he can be greater than god and that led to his destruction They're kind of moving in that same path And we can't expect anything much from them because from verse 17 He says they are wells without water So it feels like the teaching they are bringing Has some value it will build us spiritually, but actually there's nothing in it We will never be edified spiritually, right from the false teaching or the false doctrine And he uses it's like poetic language. He says clouds carried by a tempest Right for whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever. So These clouds are not pleasant when there is a tempest We we're not happy about those clouds But they are like that because they'll only bring destruction and they themselves Will of course face the judgment of god and now the last section He continues to add about the deception of these false teachers and he says they speak great swelling words What kind of words he adds of emptiness So it's like you have the form But it's lacking power Which is why we need maturity to identify that And he says they allure through the lusts of the flesh through lewdness and ones who have actually escaped from those who live in error And now he speaks just like the writer of the Hebrews. Remember the writer of the Hebrews in chapter 6 He says those who have tasted Right of the things of God. We were born again. We were walking with the Lord And now if one such person falls away, it is impossible to revive that person and Peter says, you know If a person is so deceived and they go away from God, it's like saying They should have never come to God in the first place because their their Status will be worse if they come to God and then they go back Soon verse 21 he says for it would have been better For them not to have known the way of righteousness Then having known it to turn from the holy commandment Deliver to them. So it sounds like these false teachers and false Prophets They Would be among us Right the people who are believers, but who have who have Corrupted corrupted their teaching corrupted themselves now corrupting people And Peter is very unhappy about this category of ministers and he says, you know, it's better If they had never come to know God because their end state is actually worse and then he gives the example, you know Of a dog going back to its vomit or a so going back To her wallowing in the mayor Which are again a picture of you know becoming clean and then again becoming dirty And which is not useful at all. So this whole section. It's a warning and not just is it a warning but He is helping us understand the characteristics of deceptive ministers So that when we hear them when we observe them when we see the fruit of their work We can identify and you know get away from it. So Uh, that is like the highlight Of what is being spoken here and we can move to chapter three now If this yeah, if there's a question, we can take that up okay, so there is Question in the chat How can we bring out those That once received the word of God and was active in church programs and serve If that one is become rebellious now to the parents and church and gone astray What can bring them back to God? So what can bring them back to God Rosalind is of course, you know, like We know in Second Peter chapter three, we will see there's a verse that says it's Like it's not God's will for anyone to perish So as long as we are alive God wants us to come back And that option is always there. So we must hold on to that word and if you recall Hebrew 725 he saves to the utter most So the work of salvation has been completed by our Lord Jesus So on the basis of the finished work We can keep praying we can keep engaging in spiritual warfare. So that is something we can do And uh James also said, you know, it's good. It's a good thing to bring back those who have gone astray Right, so we must work on it by praying by extending love and and all of that However, uh, you know after having done all this and maybe even counseling them And speaking to them the choice is completely theirs And hopefully Their hearts will be softened and they will come back Right, so uh that much we can do now Uh, we don't know whether That person will You know, I mean because it's it's a matter of free will right? We cannot force anyone If they've gone away from God, we can spiritual aspects we can engage in practical aspects of Uh, you know finding out the reason why they are not active anymore all that so those practical things we can do But then ultimately it will be the will of that person to come back to power Or does that help proselytum? Okay, great Sure So jeffina says whereas angels who are greater in power and might Do not bring a reviling accusation against them before the lord. Does it mean angels usually tell About people to god. Is it something that happens in heaven? Okay, so jeffina. We wouldn't interpret it like that because we don't have uh other scripture like A corroborating that truth. So then how do we understand it? See it's just for us to understand that angels Though they are mighty because they carry glory The kind of glory they carry as heavenly beings. We don't have that here on earth Even though they carry glory and authority. They don't misuse it. They don't bring a reviling accusation. So that's what it means Yeah, they honor their position of authority and they honor the authority structure unnecessarily. They will not Uh, you know get out of line. That's the understanding Yeah, great. Okay. So now let's continue Uh, second Peter chapter three If someone can read through it We highlight The key key aspects second Peter chapter three Beloved I now write to you this second epistle in In both of which I stir up your pure minds by way of reminder That you may be mindful of the words which was spoken before By the holy prophets and of the commandment of us The apostles of the lord and savior knowing this first that coffers will come in the last days Walking according to their own lust and saying where is the promise of his coming for since the fathers fell asleep All things continue as they were from the beginning of creation For this they will fully forget that by the word of god the heavens were made Were were of old and the earth standing out of water and in the water By which the world that then existed perished being flooded with water But the heavens and the earth which are now preserved by the same word Are reserved for fire until the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men But beloved do not forget this one thing that with the lord one day is as a thousand years And a thousand years as one day the lord is not slack concerning his promise as some count slackness But is long suffering toward us not willing that any should perish But that all should come to repentance The day of the lord was ten But the day of the lord will come as a thief in the night In which the heavens will pass away with a great noise and the elements will melt with fervent heat Both the earth and the works of that are in it will be burned up Therefore since all these things will be dissolved What manner of persons ought to ought you to be in holy conduct and godliness Looking for and hastening the coming of the day of god because of which the heavens will be dissolved Being on fire and the elements will melt with fervent heat Nevertheless be according to his promise Look for new heavens and the new earth in which righteousness dwells Therefore beloved looking forward to these things be diligent to be found by him in peace Without spot and blameless and consider that the long suffering of our lord is salvation As also our beloved brother paul according to the wisdom given to him has written to you As also in all his episodes Speaking in them of these things in which are some things hard to understand Which untaught and unstable people twist to their own destruction As they do also the rest of the scriptures you therefore beloved since you know this beforehand Beware lest you also fall from your From from your own steadfastness Being led away with the error of the wicked But to grow in the grace and knowledge of our lord and savior jesus christ to him with the glory both now and forever Amen, thank you rosalind. Thank you once again. Uh and as we saw here we uh He continues talking about You know these people and he says that look i am reminding you right i am reminding you and uh just be Mindful of the words that were spoken to you by people of god About all these matters things that are coming up and things that will come up uh in in uh, you know the the years ahead and uh, he is Continuing regarding these uh false prophets and false teachers uses the word scoffers, you know scoffers who who kind of uh mock Uh something that others say uh, and and so they are scoffers who mock the very word of god meaning that implies that they don't have faith in the authority of god's word or the power of god's word So they may ask questions like you know, uh, when is jesus coming back? Uh, from the beginning they are saying he'll come back, but he where is he now?  Now. How can how can people mock the power of god's word? But these people it's as if they're sitting themselves up for the day of judgment and uh, you know, they they are continuing in in wickedness And that is so dangerous But he tells the believers he tells the believers look, it's not like god cannot Rain down justice on them right now. It's not like that Because see for god a long time is actually not a long time. So he's giving god's calculation Regarding timelines in verse eight. He says beloved do not forget this one thing that with the lord one day is as a thousand years And a thousand years is as one day.  But god is faithful to the the laws that he has said god is faithful to his word He's not slack Consonning his promise, but on the other hand, we understand that he's very long suffering Now he has to let things take its time uh, and we know When we study eschatology, there is a certain manner in which we are going to see god work First we'll have the secret coming of the lord, you know, then we'll have the great tribulation Then we'll have the second coming of the lord You know following that we have the a thousand year millennial rule of christ Right, then we'll have the judgment. So there's the the way in which things have been structured God is going to take it through in that order It's not because he's slack, but right now. What is god focusing in on he's focusing in on people being saved It says in verse nine, uh, you know that But is long suffering towards us not willing that any should perish But that all should come to repentance. So how many does god want to come to repentance? All should come to repentance. So he's being patient in that sense, you know, giving us time people Use the word we are living in a period of grace Yeah, that's true. God is just waiting for people to change for lives to turn around but then finally, you know Once things begin to take place He's talking about the period when god is going to dissolve all things We know that the bible talks about the new heavens the new earth If we go back to uh, the book of hebrus when we learn we said god will roll up the heavens as a cloak He's able to do that.  He's just going to roll it up. He's going to dissolve things are going to melt Melt away and then you know the newness of god the new heavens the new earth. There is a reference over here That will be formed in which righteousness dwells. You know at that point all this wickedness that we see you know up until Then god is going to You know completely destroy it And also we know about the judgment of satan and his demons how they will be Thrown into the bottomless pit. So judgment would have been completed at that point and you know god The dwelling of god's people in new heavens and the new earth All of that will take place And so in view of how powerful the word of god is and how true he is to his word He's just reminding the believer when evil things happen when we see false preachers and teachers are not somewhere we get disturbed We think god, why are you not doing anything? But he's just reminding the believer don't worry god is true to his word whatever he said it will happen So how should we be how should we be in in the midst of that? He tells the believer You look forward to these things that god is going to do And you know you be you be without spot and blameless and you know you be strong in the lord And that's what he's he's calling the believer to do and he makes a reference to brother paul Over here. Thankfully by now, you know, they've understood that even he is an apostle and he is a honored apostle among the other apostles people like peter who walked with jesus And he is actually applauding and commending The learnedness of paul where you know, look at peter being one of those mighty apostles. He's so humble he's saying You know consider that the long suffering of our lord is salvation as also Beloved brother paul according to the wisdom given to him has written to you and he says verse 16 as also in all his epistles speaking in them Of these one second Huh think these things in which are some things hard to understand. So that is peter's uh acknowledgement He's saying paul is so knowledgeable That even peter is saying, you know, some things are so difficult for us to understand the way paul puts it Because he received revelation from god And you know that really shows the kind of relationship that apostles had among themselves Honoring one another Honoring the grace of god upon other ministers of god. So he's saying you know paul so brilliant The revelation that he received that some things are even hard to understand But what is the what becomes a challenge with those hard to understand matters is Again, he refers back to these Uh, you know ungodly ministers and he says look they twist these mysterious matters because people are looking for answers regarding these matters So what do these men do or you know women do? They twist it to their own benefit and he says their own destruction Right as they twist the rest of scripture And he adds to their description and he says They are untaught unstable untaught unstable meaning They don't have Uh proper knowledge of the scriptures or they've not worked towards it to gain proper knowledge of the scriptures And he also says unstable meaning there are issues of character. There are issues of Um, you know when it comes to sincerity of worshiping the lord. So those are the Uh characteristics of those people and they twist scripture especially The mysterious things that paul talks about because many of the things that he has written are so Amazing and then again he goes on to remind the believer to just be steadfast So i'm going to read through verses 17 and 18 With which we finish. So he says you therefore beloved since you know this beforehand Beware lest you also fall from your own steadfastness being led away with the error of the wicked But grow in the grace and knowledge of our lord and savior Jesus christ to him be the glory both now and forever amen. So he two things one is We are steadfast Don't lose that second is keep growing Right and uh ultimately all honor All glory is of our lord. So That is the final exaltation in the chapter Three of second veto. So if there's anything that we want to discuss We can Bring that up Okay, but I would encourage us to uh again go back and In personal study to also refer, you know to uh tools like e-sword and Uh look up commentaries what we've recommended is david kozik's enduring word Because with the positive of time we have managed to complete the portions that we have been given But i'm sure we can dwell on this for you know, double the time triple the time and still get so much more out of it So I encourage us to please do that. We've only managed to cover Uh keeping in line with the scope of you know, what we have in this course, but yeah This is not the end. Even though this is the end, uh, you know, please do take time to keep studying these books Over and over again and uh, surely it'll it'll keep speaking to us Right. So with that we will close and uh, thank you everyone is really wonderful journey with all of all of you And I know this is the graduating batch. So three years, right three years And yeah, god bless you all and really looking forward to Keeping in touch and seeing what the lord does in each of your lives. So let's close off with the word of prayer and just pray and speak of blessing Abba father we thank you lord lord truly it is your grace lord By which lord we have come thus far and lord it is you lord was enabled each one of us to to journey in the courses and lord Uh, thank you lord for each and every student in this class Father we pray may your spirit Bring the word alive in their hearts in their lives Oh god and thank you for each one lord as a minister of of the the gospel Thank you that lord you you will stir up the grace and the gifts of god Upon their lives and god that every single one of them lord will be a mover and a shaker A father filled with the holy spirit lord Extending the kingdom of god and father bringing glory and honor to your name lord We pray that you will continue to empower them continue to strengthen them lord continue to comfort them lord so that lord they they will Not not be weary But press forward lord passionately father to to live for the for the honor and glory of your name father I speak blessings uh upon every single student father god in this course We give you all the praise we give you all the honor in Jesus name. We pray amen Amen So thank you class. Uh, I'm just going to end this class


This study developed a low-cost and stable electrochemical apto-sensor for the detection of alpha-fetaprotein, AFP, in human serum. The sensor utilized vertically-ordered mesoporosilica films, VMSF, which had selenol groups on their surfaces and regularly-ordered nanopores, providing binding sites for further functionalization of recognition aptomers and conferring the sensor with excellent anti-biofiling properties. The sensor's sensitivity and specificity were enhanced by the target AFP-controlled diffusion of Fe, CN, 63-slash-4-redox electrochemical probes through the nanochannels of VMSF. This resulted in a linear relationship between the sensor's electrical signal and the AFP concentration, allowing for accurate and reliable measurements of AFP levels in human serum samples. This article was authored by Tongtong Zhang, Luo Xiangyang, Fe Yan, and others.


10 richest African countries by overall GDP in 2022. The overall economy of Africa stands at about $2.6 trillion. Some African nations hold the greatest share of this money while a majority suffers in poverty. Africa is home to many of the world's poorest countries. Numerous African economies are in disarray. Poverty is widespread and a lack of vaccine access is slowing the continent's recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, many African countries including Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria and Somalia are at war with either terrorist insurgencies or with one another putting additional strain on their economies. Despite these challenges, Africa's 54 countries have some of the world's fastest growing economies. The African economy is expected to reach $29 trillion in GDP by 2050, fueled by agriculture, trade and natural resources. Do you want to know if your country is amongst the countries that own the greatest share of Africa's GDP? Stay tuned till the end and give us your opinion in the comment section. 10. Ghana GDP $73.89 billion. Ghana rounds out the top 10 richest African countries with a GDP of just under $74 billion in the previous year. Ghana, located in West Africa, has a diverse and resource-rich economy. The country was the first in sub-Saharan Africa to be liberated from colonial rule and the first to achieve the goal of having extreme poverty. Because of its overall favorable business environment, the country has attracted foreign investment and experienced economic growth of slightly more than 6 percent over the last two years. Services account for roughly half of Ghana's GDP and employ nearly 30 percent of the labor force. Agriculture is the next largest contributor to GDP, accounting for just under 25 percent. Ghana has an abundance of natural resources, which contributes to the country's economic boom. The country's main export is gold, petroleum, which accounts for half of the country's foreign exchange. Cocoa beans, timber, and gold are also important exports. 9. Tanzania GDP $77.51 billion. Tanzania, with a GDP of more than $75 billion, just makes the list of the wealthiest countries on the African continent, ranking ninth. The country has a lower middle mixed income economy and is home to some of the continent's most famous national parks, including Kilimanjaro. Agriculture dominates the country's economy, accounting for nearly 25 percent of GDP and employing half of the workforce. Mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, natural gas, and water supply are all growing sectors of the economy, accounting for nearly 30 percent of GDP. Gold, coffee, cashew nuts, and cotton are the most important exports. Tanzania has experienced relatively high economic growth in recent years, with a 5.6 percent growth rate, but this appears to be slowing. The medium term economic outlook is positive, supported by large infrastructure spending, with real GDP expected to grow 5.8 percent in 2022 as trade corridors reopen and tourism sector performance improves. 8. Ethiopia GDP $105.32 billion. Ethiopia, a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa, divided by the Great Rift Valley, is Africa's 8th richest country. This ancient land is famous for being the origin of the coffee bean, with archaeological finds dating back over 3 million years. The country is Africa's largest producer of coffee and honey, which account for a large portion of the country's foreign exchange. Legumes, oily seeds, and cut flowers are also exported. Agriculture, construction, manufacturing, tourism, food processing, resources, and energy account for more than $100 billion in GDP. Agriculture is the region's most promising resource, accounting for more than 40 percent of GDP, 60 percent of exports, and more than 80 percent of total employment. Since 2008, Ethiopia's economic growth has averaged 9.9 percent year on year. This consistent annual growth, which few African countries have achieved, has begun to attract foreign investment. In 2018, the government launched an ambitious economic reform to further open up the economy and drive transformation. The country's poverty rate fell to 31 percent in 2015, and it aims to be a middle-income economy by 2025. Kenya, GDP, $114.68 billion. Kenya, a country in East Africa known for its vast landscapes and wildlife, is the seventh richest country in Africa, with a GDP of more than $100 billion. This country is the wealthiest in Southeast and Central Africa, thanks to its stable living conditions, established coffee anti-sectors, and rapidly growing agricultural sector. For centuries, its coastline has been home to a number of strategic ports for Asian and Arabian traders, becoming a regional trade hub. Kenya's economy, unlike many other countries on this list, is not based on the oil industry, but it is experiencing diverse positive growth. Kenya has emerged as one of the fastest growing economies in sub-Saharan Africa, with GDP increasing by 5.7 percent in 2019. This is due to strong investor confidence, a stable political climate and service sector, a favorable macroeconomic environment, and a well-defined business agenda. 6. Angola, GDP, $124.86 billion. Angola has one of the largest reserves of raw materials in Africa. In essence, it could be higher up on this list of Africa's richest countries. However, the country's economy has suffered as a result of resource mismanagement and internal corruption. It ranks sixth on this list, with a GDP of more than $124 billion. Angola's economy is based on oil, with large reserves of natural gas and oil accounting for more than one-third of the country's GDP. Crude oil production and export contribute significantly to foreign exchange. In fact, the sale of crude oil accounts for 90 percent of the country's export revenue. Diamonds and cargo ships are two other notable exports. Agriculture is also expected to become an important economic sector in the future. Angola's civil war ended in 2002. Positive steps have been taken since then, with the goal of achieving economic advancement and stability. Along with the IMF and the World Bank, work has been done on both political and structural reforms. Since then, the country has had one of the world's fastest growing economies and has become one of the richest African countries. 5. Morocco GDP $133.06 billion Morocco ranks fifth on this list of Africa's richest countries, with a GDP of more than $130 billion. This North African country's economy is versatile and stable, with growth in a variety of industries over the last decade. It is Africa's second-richest non-oil producing country. Mining and manufacturing drive the country's economy. Industry accounts for 30 percent of Moroccan GDP. Agriculture for 15 percent and services account for 55 percent. This is supplemented by a growing tourism sector, with locals welcoming tourists and the government emphasizing attracting visitors to the country known for its attractions. Morocco is heavily reliant on agriculture and is the world's third largest producer of phosphorus. The country has reaped significant benefits from its diverse exports, which include but are not limited to electrical equipment, vehicles and vehicle parts. Furthermore, the telecom and textile industries contribute significantly to the economy. 4. Algeria GDP $193.60 billion Algeria, the continent's largest country in the North, ranks fourth on this list of Africa's wealthiest countries. With a significant economy and available infrastructure, as well as a GDP of more than $190 billion, the country has achieved a notable achievement of reducing poverty by 20 percent in the last 20 years. This developing Saharan country has an abundance of crude oil reserves and the economy is heavily reliant on it. So much so that hydrocarbons, oil and natural gas account for nearly 70 percent of the country's income. More crude oil reserves discovered recently have boosted this rapidly growing industrial country. Agriculture, industrial works, commercial services and construction are some of the other sectors that contribute to the Algerian economy. The country is also one of Africa's largest suppliers of ammonia. It is worth noting, however, that the recent depression and volatility in oil prices have resulted in a decrease in the country's currency reserves. Furthermore, political unrest and scandals in the hydrocarbon industry have slowed Algeria's economic growth. 3. South Africa GDP $426.16 billion As the continent's third richest country, this southernmost country is also a significant player. With a highly developed economy, advanced infrastructure and a GDP of more than $400 billion, the country is regarded as one of the world's fastest developing. South Africa, also known as the Rainbow Nation, is one of the few countries on this list that does not rely on a single source of revenue. Mining, manufacturing, financial services and tourism are all important industries in the country. It also has a wealth of natural resources and raw material exports such as gold, diamonds, platinum, coal and iron ore. It is a significant exporter of these commodities, particularly gold and platinum. The country is well known around the world as a major tourist destination and places a high value on tourism as a source of revenue. 2. Egypt GDP $435.62 billion For many years, this ancient land in northern Africa was Africa's richest country. However, the economy suffered greatly and foreign exchange. Reserves plummeted following the 2011 Arab uprising. Egypt is now the second richest country in Africa with a recent GDP of more than $400 billion. Over the last decade, economic activity has improved and stabilized, resulting in positive economic growth. The government recently completed an economic reform program with the IMF to reform and strengthen the economy. In 2019, real GDP growth increased to 5.6 percent, up from 5.3 percent in 2018. The country has also seen a decrease in unemployment, an increase in foreign exchange reserves, increased exports of goods and services, and a strengthened tourism sector, all of which have contributed to its development. 1. Nigeria The richest country in Africa, GDP $510.58 billion With a population of over 200 million people, this West African country is vital to the African economy. Nigeria is the richest country in Africa with a GDP of slightly more than $510 billion. Finance, transportation, infrastructure, tourism, and an abundance of crude oil thrive the substantial GDP. According to OPIC, the country exports approximately 1.6 million barrels of crude oil per day, making it Africa's largest crude oil exporter. Petroleum exports account for 10 percent of total GDP and more than 80 percent of export sector revenue. Nigeria has an abundance of raw materials and natural resources in addition to petroleum, which contributes to the region's wealth. Coal, limestone, zinc, lead, tin, natural gas, neobium, and iron ore are among them. There is also enough fertile land for agriculture, which accounts for more than 20 percent of the GDP and produces cocoa and rubber. Nigeria's large population has helped propel the country to the position of largest consumer retailer in Africa and the country's digitally savvy residents have contributed to the country's rapidly growing tech sector. Nigeria, known for its vibrant cultural heritage, diverse ethnicities, natural splendor, and large population, remains the continent's top producer in terms of GDP output and Africa's wealthiest country. As stated earlier, these are the top 10 African countries in terms of GDP ownership. These countries' economies are primarily driven by raw materials such as cocoa, rubber, and petroleum. Which country did you expect to see that isn't in this video? Make a note of it in the comments section. Please like this video and follow us on Africa, Reloaded for more updates.


Okay. So, good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to the talk on application catalogs and how to understand them. The speakers today will be Alexander Tyvelkov. That's me. And I'm one of the core developers of Morano project and the driver of glare artifact repository. And clear lights of the PTL of Morano project and the core of community catalog and well, the great guy after all. So, today we'll speak about the different entities we call catalogs. There are a number of catalogs in OpenStack. There is Morano, there is glare, there is community application catalog, and different people usually mean different things when they speak about catalogs and cataloging applications. For example, even Keystone has a catalog, a service catalog. And some people think that this may be used as application catalog. They are obviously wrong. But our task for this talk is to dot all the i's and cross all the t's to understand what's the app catalog, what it really is, and what are these projects which are often called application catalogs should do with it. But let's first understand the project themselves. So, it all began with Morano and I'll pass the ball to Morano's PTL, so he'll tell the story of this project and how it relates to application catalog mission. So, it all dates back to somewhere around Havana. And Morano originally started with complex windows apps as a service. Apps like MS SQL, active directory, complex cluster, windows-based solution, and so on and so forth. So, originally Morano was something like a windows as a server, or Windows data center as a service. Hence the name. But, well, Morano, even originally Morano was more about apps and less about windows. So, with time, Linux support was added and basically any operation system support was added. Mind that that was a no big tent era. So, we couldn't be at that time, we couldn't call ourselves something like app orchestrator or pretty much any orchestrator of sorts because there was heat and that would mean unnecessary competition. But, well, hence there was some identity search. Morano tried to find what it was, how it was. And finally, Morano, and while we were looking for our identity, we were building more and more apps. And those apps were more and more complex and big. And at some point in time, they were big enough and a lot of those so that we could finally say that we should be the app store of the open stack. The official name is the application catalog service. And, yeah, then there was BigTent. So, once the BigTent was a thing, Morano applied and was like one of the first or second BigTent project with this kind of mission. This mission hadn't been changed. I think there was one tiny little change to it. More of a wording thing. Or to provide an application catalog service so that users can compose, deploy composite environments on an application abstraction level. That's pretty much our mission since the beginning of time. The beginning of BigTent. But what does it exactly mean? Here's how we imagine the application life cycle stack. And in this stack, we usually see different roles for different catalog users. So there are, obviously, should be some people who develop the apps. So these are the people who create the apps, publish, and distribute them somehow. Then the cloud operators are the folks who decide which apps go to the app catalog, to the current cloud. And now they design the role-based access, design what goes in, what goes out, how people can use them. And, finally, the end users are exactly those who, well, find the apps and say, I want this app, compose them into the application stack they need and deploy and finally use them. That's how we imagine things. But here's how most people actually interact the app stores or the app catalogs. The first one is solely about development. When you imagine, say, an app store, you don't really imagine developing for the app store. And the sixth is deployment. Again, it's not really about the catalog usage. And, well, what we really know in Murano how to do is we know how to write apps, deploy apps, and combine them, have the life cycle for these apps. But some of these things are more about categorizing and catalyzing things. And this is not exactly what Murano is good at.  There's an inner story of their own inside the app, which has nothing to do with the complex deployment in orchestration scenarios. And that's why they were, we decided that it would be logical to extract some of that functionality to a standalone component. And that is the component that is known today as glare. It's glare. But let's nail the things down, since it's not very easy thing to understand, and that's why I'm here to help. So, as Krill said, it all began with the extraction of these four middle components into standalone service. But in the beginning, we just were doing it as part of Murano itself. We just identified a set of use cases we need to handle for this application repository thing. And this would be just plain old index of binary assets. That's it. We are just cataloging binary assets. These assets have some metadata. They have some dependencies between them. They should have versions assigned. And they should have some, well, pretty basic role-based access control rules and other stuff you usually expect from the catalog. And initially, we started implementing this inside Murano itself. Like, Murano can do lots of things, and we started just baking this package repository thingy into Murano. And basic, the first implementation was pretty naive. We just even were storing the packages as zip archives in my SQL database as blob fields. A lot of you who are developers probably know that's really bad. Well, luckily, the size of the packages was small enough, and this didn't impact performance much, but still, it's bad from an architectural point of view. And at some point, we understood that we are reinventing the wheels. We are just building the things which has no Murano specifics in it. Other projects in OpenStack ecosystem would probably have to do the same. Like, for example, at that point of time, HEAT was thinking about how to catalog the HEAT templates for their usage. They were using HEAT as a storage for that template, and they needed some more appropriate way to have a catalog of packages. So we went to the community and proposed to spin up a new project, which would be a repository of assets, of artifacts, we call them, but we got a counter-proposal from the technical committee. Once again, this was a pre-big-tent era, and there could be no competing projects in OpenStack ecosystem. So the technical committee said that since there is already an OpenStack project which acts as a catalog of assets, and the project's name was Glance, so instead of just spinning up a new project, we should join the Glance team and just enhance Glance with the ability not to just catalog the VM images, but other assets types as well. And so we decided doing that. This is a development history of the feature known as a Glance Artifact Repository, or GLARE. So we began development in the KiloCycle, and by the liberty we had the first working prototype, and at that point we were considering it as the version 3 of Glance API. Glance had two major releases of their application programming interface, the V1 and V2, and we envisioned the Artifact interface as the version 3 of Glance API. However, the OpenStack ecosystem evolves and it becomes more and more user-centric. And because of that evolution, there is no such user-facing entity as a project. So in some sense there is no such thing as Glance at all. There is images API. And images API is very specific thing which is intended to be very stable, very well maintainable, and it should not be changing and evolving this time unless we want to increment the major version. And it should be focused on images. And Artifact's API, which we have implemented, eventually was a different thing. So we had long conversation with different stakeholders in the community, and finally we've decided that instead of being the V3 API of Glance, or V3 API of images, we should have a new standalone API which would be called Artifact's API or Glare API. And this happened in Mitaka. We have made a standalone API specification for Artifact's API. And in the Newton cycle, in the last cycle we have just finished, the working group for this API has split into the standalone working group, standalone project called Glare. So since it's now unrelated to Glance, the acronym translates not as Glance Artifact repository, but rather like Glare Artifact repository. So it's a recursion like GNU. And, well, this process was kind of painful. You may see by the changes of Glance mission. It all began like the mission to provide a bootable data essence, build VM images, then it was changed to accommodate the needs of Artifact's, and it was more generic statement. And then finally it was changed again, and now it says about the bootable VM images once again. This just demonstrates how complicated the process to align all the APIs and all the project missions in the upstream, but eventually it all leads to better granularity and better user experience. So this thing that Glare now covers these two blocks in our usage stack, but what about the upper two blocks? So today we're not used before the Vancouver Summit, and then another project appeared. Kirill, please tell us. So you're winding back to Vancouver Summit's apps.openstack.org has been presented there, and the ultimate goal of the project is, was, and is to have a single entry point, a single place to discover all things that run on OpenStack. And from the app user perspective, from the catalog user perspective, this exactly fulfills this publish and distribute and find an input part of the app lifecycle workflow, from the catalog workflow. It was already a big tentera, so it's not just a website or some Git repositories, but an OpenStack project with a mission, and here the main part is to give users a central location to find and retrieve apps, cloud native apps. Originally started with Morano, Glance, and Heat templates, now with Doska, always open to contributions of both individual assets or new assets types, so not limited to any of those. So here's what it is now. It's a website at apps.openstack.org hosted by their foundation. Go visit, download the things you like, share the things you have. No really extra cloud components needed. Of course, if you want Morano, you'll need Morano on the cloud, and Heat if you want to consume some of the Heat templates. But, well, strictly, you don't need those for Glance images. And there's a Horizon dashboard plugin available that will allow you to do that from inside your cloud. Still, we have some limitations there. The main thing right now is that all the assets are described in a big static YAML. The way to add an asset there is view base. You have to submit a review. You need to note just a tiny bit about how submitting works, how OpenStack review process works. And we have a simplistic V1 API that allows you to retrieve all the things, but doesn't yet allow you to upload things through the API. Those things are roadmaps to be fixed in Okata. So here we have the three catalogs of things. So how do those align? So we just reviewed, quickly reviewed the three projects, which are usually called catalogs. And now we have like three major questions. Like, there is an application catalog, Murano, but it actually doesn't have the actual catalog capabilities. There is a community catalog, which is also a catalog, and how does it fit in with Murano. And then, finally, there is artifact repository or glare. How does it fit in in the picture? And the answer is that when we are just speaking about these components, we are looking from developers' point of view. That's how developers see this, like company in one, company in two, company in three. But the users, as we said before, do not care about projects or components. The users just consume a single application catalog user story. They have a single feature, single catalog experience, and they just have a single workflow, starting with Create and then with Deploy. And they actually don't care much about what are actually bits of software code running under the hood of different infrastructure solutions. So if we look at this, we just understand that there is an application catalog feature, which is much more than any of the projects besides it. So is it a program? Yeah, kind of. At some point, OpenStack had the notion of programs. Then it was abandoned in favor of other notions. But in this case, we may speak about app catalog as a feature, which is more than any of the projects which compose this feature. So yeah, it's kind of a program. We just need to understand that the projects which compose this feature are still different from organizational point of view. They are made of different people working on different schedules and different communities and different time zones. But what we are trying to achieve right now is to align the roadmaps of these different projects to align the goals of the teams, to align the, well, whatever code we write, to meet the single user's goal to get the application catalog up and running from A to Z. And that's why we are trying to bind all those things together. They have value on their own. Like Morano may deploy application packages without any community app catalog thing. Community app catalog may be listed even if you don't have your OpenStack cloud at all. It has its value on its own. And glare is just an optional back-end. It's an implementation detail on how to store images, or images, or heat templates, or Morano packages, or any other artifacts. But in synergy, they will give the end users the most benefits. And so that's what we are working on, as three distinct community initiatives to make a one. And so this is a work in progress. And Kirill, being a PTL of Morano, can give us an update on what's actually going on in a community report. So yeah, kind of community report of things going on right now. Here's what we have achieved in Newton. So there's the unified dashboard. I actually think we only merged it right after Newton, so you need a more recent version. But anyway, it's a single horizon dashboard to browse remote and local applications. And that's the way forward. That's the way we see it should go. It's going to evolve. So now it allows you to see both the remote assets in the app catalog and the local assets in, say, local apps in Morano. Then Glare has been incubated into a standalone project. It has the artifacts V1 API released. It's not yet a Big 10 project, but that's an intentional decision to have a faster development pace at this point. But that's probably going to change and Glare is going to apply for a Big 10. And Glare is experimentally used both by Morano as a backend for storing the assets, and we're trying to abandon and deprecate our database storage. And for the community app catalog as a backend, we are really close to deploying a staging server with the Glare. All the bits are already there, already here. That's how it actually looks like right now. So we have the single app catalog dashboard with all the stuff there. And by the way, if you only need Morano, if you only need a catalog UI, it will still work together, oh, or without each other. But yeah, it's intended to work in synergy. And here are some of the plans that we have for Occata and Beyond. Well, first of all is adoption of Glare V1 for both Morano and the app catalog backend. In Morano, we use the experimental V0.1 thing. So now that Glare has published the V1 and it's stable, we're going to transition to that. Same with the apps OpenStack.org. We had plans to use the experimental V0.1, but since V1 is now there, we're going to use just that. Then improved API for the app catalog that would allow you to log in, upload from the API, possibly the UI improvements that would allow you to upload from the app catalog dashboard from the app catalog UI. And finally, we are actually doing a lot of things to improve operators' life. We want these three components to be deployed as easy as a single one. There's a lot of work on the Morano side on making, installing, and having Morano installed simply. And yeah, finally, we can't for Glare. And well, we'll always like to welcome new contribution possibilities. All the three projects are open for new contributors, or new contributions, be it the assets, types, code contribution, user feedback, operator feedback, stuff like that. And I think that's all we wanted to say today. I hope we have cleared up the situation and the confusion with all the app catalogs in OpenStack. And if you have any unanswered questions, we are here to answer them. Not sure if you have a mic. Yes, of course. In Python Morano Client, we started that work, I think a couple of cycles ago, to have our own plug-in for the OpenStack client. At the previous summit, we had a conversation of exactly about that on the app catalog working sessions. I think we had two conversations, one about the dashboards and the second about the CLI. And we implemented the dashboards, but didn't touch the CLI yet. That's exactly the case, exactly. That's a very good question because this OpenStack Unified Client is a very good example of the users caring about features and not projects. Like, the old clients had all those commands starting like nova, list, something, or hit, list, something. In the Unified Client, the users care about OpenStack and their features. They say OpenStack servers list. And in this case, this should be one of the integration points of these three projects into a single app catalog as a feature. And this will be like... OpenStack applications list. Yes, OpenStack applications list. So it has to be designed properly to include both local and remote case, but it should be a single entry point of the users to work with different kinds of applications provided by different servers, regardless of which particular services they have in a local cloud. Other questions? An instance of the running application. An instance of the running application. Yeah, so the question is how to identify the instance of the running application. So it depends on what particular OpenStack service you use to run the application. From implementation point of view, it depends, as I said. So as we have demonstrated, right now we support different kinds of applications in the cloud. This may be the heat templates or the Stosca blueprints, Morana packages, or just plain images with pre-baked software. But as we said, from a user's point of view, these are just applications, and they have to be discoverable in the same way. And that's where another OpenStack project may come handy. There is a project called Searchlight, and it's like a cross-indexing thing which allows you to index different types of resources owned by different types of OpenStack projects, but groups them or arrange them by different kinds of metadata associated with them. And so if we just have a centralized way to spin up applications, then we may add appropriate meta-informations to them, and so we may use Searchlight to search the resources which belong to particular application entities, the instance of a particular application. And this is yet to be defined. This is another point of integration between different projects to have the combined and unified user experience, but we definitely are working towards that. We actually had this kind of conversation when we were discussing the unified dashboard that we should be somehow able to identify, say, if you have a glance image and you use that as an application, then probably the VM spawned from that image is the running application. So, of course, with Murano we have that, but you may not have Murano. So, yeah, we had that. We've discussed that, but it's complicated. We'd like to do that. There's not an easy solution to that, but yeah. But there is a way towards it. There is a clear direction where to go, and yeah, that glare, that glare, yes, it does. So, it's a separate service, a listening on an independent port, and it's listed in Keystone Service Catalog as Artifact Service. So, it's independent, and by now the version one even has a distinct code base. The experimental version 0.1 shared the same code repository with the main glance, but it turned out that the code overlap is reasonably small. Glance has lots of image-specific things, and it's much easier to create a cleaner and lighter implementation from scratch. So, we decided to separate the repositories. Of course, we use the same libraries. For example, we use the so-called Glance Store library to access the underlying storages to retrieve the actual bits, actual binary information from, say, SWIFT or SAF, or whatever you use to store your bits, but the source codes are different for Glance and Glare. So, theoretically, you may install glare without having Glance. I don't know if it makes sense a lot, but at some point, I believe it will be. So, you're right. Right now, Morano is using v01, the experimental thing, and the experimental thing is currently in Glance code base. It's in Glance code base, but it's still a separate part. It's a separate project, but, yeah. It's a bit complicated with all this moving from a v3 to a separate API to a separate project. I understand all that. I regularly get that kind of questions about this contribution. There will be emigration. So, there will be a deprecation period, first of all. So, by now, the glare support in Morano and Newton is experimental. By default, Morano still uses its legacy database-based back-end. And, like, if you're using Morano in production, you're probably using the legacy Glare database and the legacy non-glare database, unless you configure it otherwise. So, what we plan for Occultant in Morano is to switch this default to use Glare by default and Glare v01, not the v01, to announce the legacy implementation of storage as deprecated. Deprecation in OpenStack means that it's there for at least a cycle. And it means that if it's announced as deprecated in Okata, it will be removed, not forever. In Queens. Queens. Okata, Pike, and only in Queens. Officially, Morano doesn't have this badge for those standard deprecations, but we want to apply for that for no reason to break the rules. And by the time we announce the deprecation, we'll have the migration utility, obviously. It will be just part of Morano which announces this application. We don't have that now, but that's a really good feature request. Definitely need to know that. Other questions? If you're raising your hand, but I don't see you, just please speak up. The lights are very, very, very bright. I just don't see you. The faces. There are some. But if there are no other questions, then thanks for coming. Thanks for joining. I hope this stopped. Use the applications. Write the applications. Launch the applications. Yeah. That's it. We love applications. And downloaded them from community app catalog. Don't forget that. Okay, thanks.


The Cavalcade of America presented by DuFont, maker of better things for better living through chemistry.  The great university and world-famous hospital in Baltimore, which bear his name, stand among America's foremost contributions to human welfare. Johns Hopkins gave them to us out of the sorrow of his life. And to tell you that story, Norman Rostin has written tonight's radio plays suggested by the life of this great American humanitarian for the Cavalcade players. Our star is Carl Swenson. The orchestra and the original musical score are under the direction of Don Buries. DuFont, maker of better things for better living through chemistry, presents Carl Swenson as Johns Hopkins on the Cavalcade of America, 1807. In the quiet and modestly furnished plantation home of Samuel Hopkins, member of the Quaker Society of Friends, his family sits around the large fireplace listening to Master Johns Hopkins as he recites lines his mother taught him. And she's there too, proudly listening. His queenly mother heard him as she sat in the deeps of the sea.  Is it true? Did it really happen that way? Well, of course it happened. Everything that's written in books really happened or else it couldn't be so beautiful. Isn't that right, Mother? Yes, Johns. It's right if you believe it. Oh, if that's what you learn in school, I don't like school.  I'd rather go fox hunting than read that stuff. Especially when I get to be as old as you are, Johns. Now don't make fun of your brother. Johns likes school and he's going to study if he wants to. How long are you going to study, Johns? A hundred years? Maybe I will. Maybe I will so I can read all the books in the world. Oh, there, son. A father? I'd leave a few books for your father, eh? Samuel, what happened at the meeting? Just as God would have willed, Hannah, we must have a talk. The children can listen too. What is it, Father? What's the matter? My children, tomorrow you will wake up in a slightly different world. What do you mean, Samuel? I mean we've decided to free our slaves. Let them go? Is that it? You mean all of them? We'll work the plantation then. Who, Johns? You, Harold, Albert? All of your brothers and sisters too. Time has come to roll up our own sleeves. For remember, we are Quakers. You've chosen the right way, Samuel. We're proud to be among the first. And if we lose these houses and the wealth of our fields, we'll gain a greater thing. George, come here for a moment. Yes, sir. You are free to go, George. Tell the other slaves tomorrow. Leave, sir. We've got no place to leave, too, sir. We've got no place at all. Nevertheless, you are free, all of you. Those that stay will be hired. Tell them. Yes, sir.  I'm ready, Father. Tell me what to do. I can help too. Yes, I can. You, Johns, you're silent. Well, I'd... I'd rather try my hand at something else than working in the fields. It's truly not suited to him, Samuel. Then he must suit himself to it. Or else he may go then to his uncle Gerard in Baltimore, work in his wholesale grocery business, become a merchant if he wishes that instead. Well, is that all I may wish, Father? It is, son. Well, must I become a fieldhand or a merchant? Am I to put away school for the way in the groceries? It's a matter of money. But, well, it just isn't right for money to stop a person from going to school. It may not be right, son, but it happens to be that way. I'm sorry you feel so badly about it. All right. All right, I'll go to Uncle Gerard. I'll become a merchant. I'll become rich. If that's what I have to do, I'll make more money than anybody else in the world. John Hopkins, eh? Quite a grown-up lad. Right-looking lad, I must say. Thank you, sir. Don't call me sir. Remember I'm your uncle. How old are you? Seventeen, sir. Your uncle? You want to become a businessman, eh? Well, I want to make a great deal of money. What do you do with it then? Well, I'll build a big school so that I can go to it any time I like. A school all for yourself, is that it? No. No, for anyone else who wants to go, but hasn't the means. If you are, I can see you'll make a devilish businessman, given away your fortune for what's properly made. First thing, you can't make money being an idealist. Dreaming is all right for those who can afford it. But remember, big dreamers end up in little houses. Let that be your first business lesson. Yes, sir, uncle. Father, mother says to come in. Don't be so vague, Elizabeth. Come in for watchin'. I come in for my bath, and my tea, and my what? A saucy child. What's your name? Uh, John's. Yes, eh, Liza, this is John's, your cousin. Why is his name John's instead of John's? I don't know. You're not looking like just the same. I don't think so, Father. Huh? You don't.  I've spared the rod and spoiled the child I have. Well, I'll go and see to your mother. Father's very ignorant for a man of his age, don't you think? You don't like anybody much, do you? When I grow up, I'm going to marry a fisherman with a big white boat.  What are you going to be when you grow up? I'm grown up already, if you please. Oh, you're not much bigger than I am. I... I haven't any time for girls. Please leave me alone. Is that so? Well, you can stay alone. I won't ever talk to you again. Fine. Are you going to stay with us long? Yep. All the time. I'm going to work in your father's store and become a big merchant someday. I'll buy a boat big in your old fisherman, too.  Why?  You go right ahead. You have all the fun you want. But don't bother me too much, because I'm going to be a very busy man with a career. $3,480 this week, Uncle. Sure. Business is getting better. I don't know how, but we're moving ahead year after year.  I suppose I did, even if I say so myself. You did for sure. You just took your cellin and buying like a cat takes to fish. You've got a shrewd head on you. Remember you once said big dreamers end up in little houses? I say that? Well, thank you, that. Well, I'm on the way towards my house, Uncle, and it won't be little. A few more years, I may decide to go into business myself right across the road, maybe. Across the road? Now, you forget about that, John. Promise me you'll put that out of your head. Well, I got a plan to deal in barter. Lots of people across the Alleghenies haven't got the money, but they have lots of good whiskey. Whiskey? Not in this store. I won't be dealing in the devil's goods. John! Oh, John! We'll discuss it later, Uncle. Meanwhile, there's a good deal of stock to check in the cellar. Why don't you do it? All right. Say, whose boss around here? Today, John, you didn't call back. Well, I had to get your father out of the way. What for? Well, you and I have got to take inventory alone now. I know what you're going to say, Max. You do? Oh, no, no, you don't, Elizabeth. You're going to ask me to marry you. Elizabeth, you shouldn't have said that. I'm sorry, John. But you've had me waiting so many times before this, I decided to make it final. Well, here I was all prepared to ask you. Ask me again. Woman likes to hear it again. Well, may I kiss you first? Yes. And, uh, now, uh, will you marry me, Elizabeth? Yes, John. You do look so black and foreboding. I'm sorry, but this is a very sacred moment for me, Elizabeth, and if I sound ominous about it, it is... Oh, not you're really wonderful about it, darling. And I'm proud of your work here. Father is too. You're talking about me, eh? Now, if you don't mind being as I'm the owner here, I'll walk through my own store and out into the street. Oh, one moment, Uncle. We have something to tell you. Well, I won't give you any more money, John. Well, it's not about money this time. It's about Elizabeth. Well, what about Elizabeth? Nothing, Father, except I'm going to marry John. Marry? Did you say marry? Well, it's impossible. Why should it be, sir? So I'm sir to you now, am I? Well, remember, I'm your uncle still, and Elizabeth's your cousin. But it doesn't matter. It does. It does matter, I say. And by heavens, I'll say it again. And Elizabeth will say it. I enter Mr. John Hopkins himself. Go, Elizabeth. Father. Go to the house. Now, sir. Uncle, there's nothing you can say to make me change my mind. There'll be no such man in this family, do you hear? But we've grown to love each other all these years, growing up together and reading and laughing together. Well, then there'll be no more together. You can go off and become a beggar again. But you better not try to stop us, Uncle, or I'll have enough money to line your grave with banknotes. If that's the answer to everything, I'll teach the world some pretty tricks with money. If money is the price of the highest seat in this world, the heaven, I'll be sitting there and looking down on all of you. Father wouldn't let me out except to come here to the meeting house. He's told me many things, John. I had to listen. There's nothing that he can say to stop us. You mustn't believe it. He said it would be a curse before God. No, Elizabeth, no. We have to face the truth. What the truth is that we love each other. Now we'll go away together. There's a world waiting for us, for new men and women and their children. Children? No. No, not for us. Never for us, John. We're lost to each other. We can't reach out and touch one another again. Elizabeth, I won't let you go. But I am growing, John, dear, and you must go to in another direction. I must love you from a distance. Oh, how the gods must laugh at their little joke. They're always laughing at John's Hopkins taking away his hopes one by one. John! Marry that funny fisherman with the white boat and I'll be left alone, always alone. I'll be near you, John. Always watching you. Yes, my dear uncle, Gerard Hopkins. What can I do for you today? Mustn't be angry at me, John, for the actions of my daughter. Not angry. Not angry. Not angry. Not angry. Not angry. Not angry. Not angry. Not angry at you, uncle, for you've given me ambition as your lost business can well testify. Who are these other gentlemen? I brought them here. Our own brother Quakers, John, to save you from your reed with the devil. We have been informed by your worthy uncle that you are engaging in whiskey part of Mr. Hopkins. I sell goods, gentlemen, and money buys it or anything I can turn into money. And I might have let people starve because they have nothing but whiskey to trade for food. I told you when you were working for me.  And I'm doing very well alone. And I've just begun. Driving all the people from Ohio into his trade. That's right. Oh. It appears, gentlemen, the evil is not in the trade, but in who does the trade? Well, be assured, I'll continue to do business long after you've left this remarkable earth where all things are bought and sold. In that case, Mr. Hopkins, we will be forced to deny you the Sunday use of the meeting house. Very well. I'll build another meeting house. I'll build many new houses. I'll continue to do many things. Your big dreamer, Uncle, will not end up in little houses. Next item. The Council of the City of Baltimore is assembled to consider a railroad over or through the Allegheny Mountains to Ohio for the purpose of handling certain cargo. Who is to build this railroad without horses? Let him testify. Mr. Thomas, rise. First, my most recent experiments definitely prove the possibility of steam power. We can't waste time with dreams of a madman. I tell you, gentlemen, the deed is ready to be performed that will startle the world and bring a great honor to our town of Baltimore. All in favor of allotting certain funds for a railroad, say aye. All opposed, say nay. Nay. Point of business pertaining to railroad hereby forever closed, according to record. We now proceed. One moment. Is there no one here who can look further ahead than his purse? Is there no one here with vision? Mr. Jones Hopkins did not ask for the floor. I have it, nonetheless. Gentlemen, since the representatives of this town have not the courage to act, I propose to finance this railroad with my own funds and credit, which is very sound, as you all may know. Well, Mr. Hopkins, since you feel so confident about the matter, perhaps... Perhaps we'd better reconsider. Where's the inventor? Yes, sir. You come to my office and we'll draw up the plans. You do believe that? I am certain. Certain that we'll have a railroad over or through the Alleghenies to the higher valley. And it'll be my railroad, with stocks open to the general public, including yourselves, gentlemen. And it shall be called the Baltimore and the higher railroad. And there'll be no rebates on tickets for members of this council. These moments I await for them. I told the crowd at the railroad celebration that you'd be late, but I knew you weren't coming at all. Why? Well, you see, I've been very busy... No, John, that's not the real reason.  This cholera, John, you must be careful. Yes, I haven't been too well lately, but there's no time to rest, not for the great Johns Hopkins and his rapidly expanding enterprises.  Banker, a merchant, pioneer. Am I, Elizabeth? No, I think not. I think I'm just a lonely man. I'm like King Midas, you remember? I've touched everything into gold, but lost the flesh and blood.  You're still on the outside. You must come inside. There's a wall I can't climb. You haven't found those other things yet, John, that lie in the people themselves. You think too much of your own disappointments. Think of the poor dying by thousands this very day right here in Baltimore with the cholera. I had planned for our own children. My fortune was for them, Elizabeth. Don't be bitter, John. You have given freely to all causes, except to your own. What is my cause? What has the world given me to be grateful for? Nothing. It's denied me the two greatest things in my life. I lost my chance for education, and I lost you. Why should I open my heart to this world? What's it given to me but gold? I tell you, Elizabeth, I have just cause to end my life this moment, for I've failed. I've failed in my own house and heart where no sunshine has entered. Elizabeth, I... John, what? You help me. What is it? What's the matter? I feel pain. John, you're ill. You shall keep your windows sealed from the plague and are urged to burn a quantity of feathers. Or to wear a tarred rope about the neck will also help this cholera away. Worse than all the others, I remember. There's no room to house the sick and dying. Nurses and doctors are awfully scarce. And those who cannot pay? They've been put in camps outside the city, poor wretches. I'd die for the thousands. You know, Elizabeth, while I was dying I found I had things to live for. All my life I want to amass a fortune for ourselves, for our life that was never lived. But now I've learned that I must use that fortune so it'll not shame my ambition. Your ambition was always a brave one? Ah, but it was a selfish one. Now it's dedicated to the people who are poor, who lack medical care and attention. To these people, I now prepare to return and bear in gifts our gifts, Elizabeth. How many gifts, John? Many little ones, but two very big ones in honor of the human race, a hospital and a university. What do you say to that, eh? John, you've come back into the world stronger and braver. It may take long years to get the building started, but like children they'll grow fast. Yes, John. Our children. To belong to the world. John's Hopkins University and John's Hopkins Hospital. Hey, I tell you, Elizabeth, I've found some pleasure even in thinking of death in a whimsical sort of way. I even carry my will with me now. It is. You read it, Elizabeth. Go ahead, read part of it. And I give, devise and bequeath my country place known as Clifton and all my shares and bank stocks owned by me at my death. And not only intended for the use of sick, poor white persons, but for the use of sick, poor colored persons. Oh, John. Yes, Elizabeth, I mean it to be that way.  And if I shouldn't live long enough to see my buildings, I'd like certain words inscribed over the door. What words, John? Well, these. If ye continue in my word, ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make ye free. Upon it rests the dream of Johns Hopkins, whose lifetime sorrow inspired him to create two of the world's greatest institutions for the progress and welfare of mankind. Wilson and the cavalcade players for their performance of the story of Johns Hopkins on the cavalcade of America. And now DuPont brings you news of chemistry at work in our world. In the DuPont Company, highly specialized trained research scientists have been working now for many years. They have accumulated a store of facts and skills, what the technician calls know-how, with the result that manufacturers engaged in major projects of national importance at the present time come to DuPont for help in many problems. Since this is National Fire Defense Week, here are two instances of know-how and fire prevention. On one defense project, the workman and the plant had to work near open flames. There was constant danger that someone's clothing might catch fire. DuPont experts, asked for their advice, suggested impregnating the workman's overalls with ammonium sulfamate, DuPont's fire retardant. Clothing treated with ammonium sulfamate, for example a welder's jacket, will char but never burst into flames. Also because of its fire retardant qualities, as well as its preservative value, lumber treated with DuPont's wood preservative, chromated zinc chloride, has been specified on a number of important defense construction jobs. In another field, a manufacturer of windshield wipers for automobiles and trucks was electroplating his wiper so they wouldn't rust. Something was wrong with the finish, and he was rejecting as many as 20,000 wipers a day on his production line. He asked DuPont for advice. A know-how change in his plating process cut rejections to less than a dozen a day. There are some problems of gigantic scope. The Delaware Aqueduct, under construction in New York State at the present time, involves the world's biggest tunneling job, so enormous that 14 separate contractors are handling it. These contractors needed a way to get fresh air down to the men in the tunnels, and they turned to DuPont for help. The Delaware Aqueduct tunnels have been provided with auxiliary ventilation through DuPont Ventube rubberized tubing. Ventube is so flexible that it goes around corners and up and down hills, and so light that one man can install an entire ventilating system with it in a few hours. A whole book could be written about the problems solved by Neoprene, DuPont's chemical rubber. An airplane manufacturer had trouble with his gasoline tanks. As you know, a plane carries its gasoline and its wings, and the wings are subject to terrific vibrations in the air. If vibration opened the seams of the gas tanks, that wouldn't be so good. Could DuPont help? DuPont could and did. Now the gasoline rides safely in Neoprene bags inside the wings of the plane. Knowledge gained in one field often aids in solving a problem in another field entirely removed from it. Thus the DuPont research chemist serves industry and serves you in a thousand unseen ways as he works to bring you better things for better living through chemistry. And now the star of next week's program, Agnes Moorhead of the Cavalcade Players. Next week our play is about a mystery woman, the unofficial member of President Lincoln's cabinet. Her name was Anna Ella Carroll. She's little known in American history, yet Lincoln relied on her judgment in many of the critical moments during the Civil War. We hope you'll listen to Anna Ella Carroll's dramatic story on next week's Cavalcade of America. Reporting Carl Swenson tonight was John McIntyre as the uncle and Agnes Moorhead as Elizabeth. On the Cavalcade of America your announcer is Clayton Collier sending best wishes from DuPont. This is the National Broadcasting Company.