Welcome back to our meds smarter lecture series, or we're taking a smarter approach to preparing future physician Before we get started if you'll take just a quick minute and click that like button and also Subscribe and turn the bell on so that you'll be notified when we post new videos So let's talk a little bit about The lymph and a lymph drainage and some of those associated pathologies with that particular lymph system So we're gonna break these up into clusters of lymph nodes what it drains and then how it's associated with the pathology So our first lymph node cluster is going to be the cervical or the supra clavicular lymph nodes These are in the head and neck area of the body and it's associated with any pathologies associated with upper respiratory tract infections Infectious mono and Kawasaki's disease so if you have any viral infections of the Upper portions of the body upper respiratory tract head neck Then you can't have lymph adenopathy when you have one of these diseases The next lymph node cluster is the mediastinal lymph node This is around the trachea and the esophagus and it is paired together with the hyalur lymph nodes Which are near the lungs in the middle of the body Mostly because of the pathologies that it's associated with The mediastinal and the hyalur lymph nodes will be associated with these same diseases and pathologies So pulmonary TB is associated with both the mediastinal and the hyalur lymph nodes and hyalur lymph adenopathy sarcoidosis primary lung cancer and granuloma adis disease all four of those Will be drained by the mediastinal and the hyalur lymph nodes So if you do have any issues associated with that we need to biopsy the lymph nodes Those are the two lymph node systems that we will go to see if there's any lymph drainage and effects with that particular lymph node system and then we have the axillary lymph node system This drains the upper limb the breast and the skin above the umbilicus It's most commonly associated with mastitis and then metastasis So the most common thing that we'll see with this is a association with breast cancer So patients that are diagnosed with breast cancer We always look to the lymph nodes to see if there's any metastasis if it's moved anywhere else besides in that breast tissue It can move in other directions, but typically the first place it goes is to where its lymph drainage is So we will check the axillary lymph nodes to see if there is any Presence of those cancer cells if so then we can determine how much further it could have spread through the body via the lymph system The next lymph node cluster we'll talk about is the celiac cluster and then we'll also discuss superior and inferior mesenteric They are all grouped together here because their pathologies are the same The celiac though, however only drains the liver stomach spleen pancreas and upper part of the duodenum It does not touch any of the other systems in the Abdomen that the superior and inferior mesenteric lymph nodes will even though it's associated with the same pathologies your Superior mesenteric is the lower duodenum the jedgenum the ilium and then the colon only up to the splinic flexure so in that left upper quadrant where we have the Transverse colon become the descending colon that is where the superior mesenteric lymph nodes Cut off and below that is where we have our inferior mesenteric They come from the splinic flexure to the upper part of the rectum. So how are these all associated with the same pathologies? Well, mesenteric lymph adenitis typhoid fever ulcerative colitis and celiac disease Can all be associated with many of these different lymph node systems? So you can have inflammation in any of these associated with any of those particular pathologies The para aortic lymph node system drains the testes ovaries kidneys and uterus Most commonly associated with metastasis here You may look at this and go hold on one second the ovaries are in the lower part of the abdomen The testes are in the scrotum even further south from that point Pretty far away from the kidneys uterus, you know down in the ovaries area, but testes specifically remember the testes Specifically develop well up into the abdomen and then they descend so their Venus and their arterial blood supply and their origination and lymph drainage will all come from higher up in the body Than where they currently reside Wrapping up our lymph node clusters We cluster these three particular clusters together the external iliac the internal iliac and the superficial inguinal Because of their associated pathologies as well So our external iliac is Associated with the cervix the superior bladder and the body of the uterus the internal iliac is our lower rectum So remember we mentioned previously the inferior mesenteric goes to the upper part of the rectum From that point the internal iliac takes over on the lower part of the rectum to the anal canal And it's specifically the anal canal above the pectinate line If you remember back into our gi discussions the pectinate line is that white line That separates the internal anus from the external anal canal The bladder vagina middle third of that cervix and the prostate are all drained by the internal iliac And then the superficial inguinal is going to be the anal canal below the pectate line so Almost to the exterior of the body the skin below the umbilicus except for the popliteal area the scrotum and the vulva So the testes reside in the scrotum, but they're not drained by the same inguinal lymph nodes as The testes are so the testes remember come from further up in the body from the para aortic and then The scrotum comes from the superficial inguinal The popliteal lymph node cluster the final lymph node cluster we'll talk about is Located near the knee and it is the dorsolateral foot and posterior calf that are drained by the popliteal lymph nodes And it's associated pathologies here are going to be lateral foot and leg cellulitis If you found this material helpful for your studying Please like and consider subscribing to the channel also share this video so that more people can benefit from it like you have


Alright, now that Cell's out, I think I'm gonna have to play it a little slower than I was before. Eh, it should be okay. He only has one Super Saiyan Vegeta, just to help him out. This is a lot longer than I remember. So, they definitely extended this in some patch I must have missed, right? Okay, okay, it's getting a little comically ridiculous now. I just want to move, man. If this could just end, that would be great. Okay, I get it. Yeah. No, I'm dropping my controller. Yeah, no problems here. Yeah, okay. Okay. Oh, I ended any dragon rush me. Oh, that was beautiful. Top quality block shrink. How's it going, everybody? Dato Doi here with another Should You Play video for Dragon Ball Fighters, this time focused around Super Saiyan Vegeta. As per usual in this series of videos, we'll be going over the characters' pros and cons, and then talking about where they fit in on a team in Dragon Ball Fighters. With the overall goal being, of course, to see whether or not this character is even worth your time as a player. Now, since this series is known for its analytical eye, let's go ahead and break down in-depth the many nuances of the cons of Vegeta. There's a... There are no cons. Yeah, as it turns out, I had a really hard time thinking of any big cons for Super Saiyan Vegeta. As you'll find out throughout the rest of this video, if Vegeta isn't just great in an area, he is at least either very good in that area or decent enough to the point where he's above most other characters anyway. And you might be asking, well, a character without cons, doesn't that affect character diversity? Nah, not really. But more seriously, now we can move on to the pros of Vegeta, and there genuinely are a lot of them. Let's go ahead and start with the biggest of them all, Vegeta's Assist. For my money, hands down the best assist in the game. You can easily use it in the neutral, easily use it to extend combos, and easily use it to keep the opponent in block. Now, immediately when your opponent is blocking this, he does have the options to either reflect in the middle of getting hit by it or Super Dash, but limiting your opponent's options in any way is always a good thing in my eyes.  It was truly a wild time. Vegeta was on pretty much every team because why wouldn't you run him? And even with the big nerf to Vegeta's Assist, that's still sort of a problem we face today. And that's because Vegeta as a character was more than just his Assist. He's also really decent in every other area of the game. In his neutral, he has his amazing air ki blast to keep his opponent at bay, while also being able to react to anything their opponent does in reaction to his ki blast. Vegeta is also one of the few characters in this game that has access to a DP in the form of his rising knee, so that's always a big plus being able to escape from unreal pressure from your opponent. It's also good for wake-up scenarios. And Vegeta's normals are also actually pretty good. And he also does have a low hitting 2L, so he's okay in that area as well. And all of these reasons are why you always see Super Saiyan Vegeta making crazy comebacks at tournaments. It's because his Assist is good, so they keep him in the back, and even if he is eventually forced out on the field as the last character on his team, he has so many amazing tools that he has access to, as well as being able to do some pretty insane combos with meter. So if Arxis's goal really was to make Super Saiyan Goku and Super Saiyan Vegeta the Ryu and Ken of this game, I'd say they knocked it out of the park. Both are super fantastic in this game just because of how well they play with the systems. As for where Vegeta goes on a team, let's not even kid ourselves. We all know that he's great in any position, but you'll most likely want to keep him in either the mid or the anchor position. Again, his Assist is just that good, but the positioning on the team is always the easy part when it comes to Vegeta. The hard part is picking the team that Vegeta goes on, and for this I've drawn up a couple of teams for you, literally all of them. You can play any team you want. It doesn't matter, no jokes. No jokes this time around, just pick literally Vegeta and any other character and you're good to go. So is Vegeta worth your time as a player? Yes, no matter what type of player you are actually, whether it be beginner or expert, you're probably in a position where you can be getting a lot out of playing this character. Now, I know this video has been nothing but praise for Vegeta, but just because he's good doesn't mean he's as good as some of the other top tiers in the game. Ahem, Bar-Doc. That's right, I said Bar-Doc. But hey, maybe we'll cover Bar-Doc in the next episode, if that's what you guys want to see. As always, you can go down in the comments and let me know who you want to see covered in the next episode of the Should You Play series, as well as letting me know your thoughts on Super Saiyan Vegeta and Dragon Ball Fighters down below as well. While you're down there, if you liked this video and this channel, make sure to hit the like button and subscribe. It really does help the channel out. And hey, maybe click on a few of the other videos on your screen right now. I do all sorts of videos on Dragon Ball Fighters, including ranked matches, and I also cover other fighting games. If any of that sounds good to you, those videos should be good to go. As always, I'm Dato Doya. I'll see you in the next video.


The first time that the beat drops in the bar is gonna be Biblical The second that the sing-along starts, it'll be sensational So sound the alarms and the sirens, the bells and the churches Then your kids into the streets throw open the hatches The tradition of bracing the bloodline To be paying our dues and paying heed to our advisors We're pissed off and we're perilously best benediction We're bracing the bloodlust Bring your sons to the gathering This is our mantra, we gather together We look out for each other, we got strength in our numbers This is our mantra, we gather together We look out for each other, we got strength in our numbers And I'll be the preacher, and this is the scripture Once more we're feeling, this is a gathering Gather together, gather together, gather together This is a gathering, gather together, gather together Gather together, this is a gathering


Hey, what's up you two, I'm Zeke and welcome to the dream green show. In this episode, I'm going to be showing you guys a simple three legged option strategy called the zebo strategy that you can use to make money while the market is trading sideways or the market is having a big pullback like we're experiencing right now. So it's easy to make money in the stock market when the prices are going up, when we're in the bull market, but when the market is pulling back only experienced, knowledgeable investors really know how to make money in the stock market when the prices are pulling back. And today I'm going to give you a little bit of that knowledge in this simple three legged option strategy. It's going to involve the Greeks, the deltas, I'm going to go over that in just a little bit. So make sure that you stick throughout this entire video so you don't miss out on this crucial information. But before we dive into it, this video is brought to you by MooMoo. Sign up now by clicking the link down in the description, depositing $100 and you're guaranteed a free stock of free $25 stock just from signing up and depositing $100. That is a special deal that we collaborated with. So you guys don't want to miss out on that opportunity. Just click the link down below, get your free stock. With that free stock, you could keep it inside of the platform and decide to use it or you could sell that free stock and withdraw all of your money. It's literally free money guys. Also, I left a link in the description to Weeble. Click that deposit $100 and you'll receive two free stocks from signing up for Weeble. So don't miss out on all of these amazing opportunities to make free money guys. But enough talking. Let's go ahead and dive straight into this video. Welcome back dreamers. Here we are inside my Robin Hood account. I'm sitting at $70,816 on the week.  I'm up almost $1,000. But let's just use a NEO for example on this option strategy that I'm going to show you guys. Make sure that you do your own research. This is just an example. Please do your research on your own stocks, whichever one that you guys have been doing your technical analysis on. I'll show you a little technical analysis after this. But here we are on NEO, right? So Robin Hood don't allow you to short sale on their platform. So another way that we could short sale is by buying puts on Robin Hood. But I'm going to show you guys even better strategy because if we just buy puts, let me go trade options next week. If we just buy puts, that is us betting that the stock is going to go down. We do not actually have a maximum on how much we can lose. We can lose a whole bunch of money if we just buy put betting that the stock goes down. Because if the stock goes all the way up, we will lose a whole bunch of money guys. So let me show you an even better strategy called the zebra strategy. Now zebra stands for zero is standard back ratio. So let me show you guys exactly what I mean. The first thing that we want to do is hit sale put. And we want to pick one where the delta is 0.5 or negative 0.5. So if we click on the 35, the delta right there is negative 0.4. So we don't want to pick that one. So we're going to click on the 36. That's close enough negative 0.59. It's almost six, but it's still in the five. So we're going to click that one. We're just going to hit the plus button right there on the right. And the second thing that we're going to look for we're going to change over to buy put and we're going to click one that has a delta of negative 0.7. So let's try the 38 put. Nope, that's negative 0.85. So let's try the 37 put. There it goes down in the Greeks, negative 0.07. So we're going to click that one. Now after we do this, we want to buy two puts and just one sale put. A sale put is us agreeing to buy 100 shares of NEO at that price point. But a buying a put is betting that a stock is going to go down and we pick the 37 on that. So let's just, to make it simple, let's pull up the graph. We want to buy two of the puts and one sale. So we're going to continue and hit edit ratio right here. And remember right there that sale put so we only want one of those and buy puts we want two of those. So we're going to click that button right there. And there you guys go. This, the total cost that this would cost us is $266. That would be our maximum loss that is the most that we will be able to lose and our max profit is $3,534. So we could literally turn $250 into $3,500. If all of the stars in the sky line in a perfect world, we can make that. But it's always great to have a max loss right there. Remember when you're just buying a put you do not have a max loss. Now another thing that makes the zebra strategy better than just buying puts not only that we do have a max loss is that if NEO decided to trade sideways over the next week and we just bought a put we will lose money. But right here doing the zebra strategy if NEO trade sideways right here we will lose no money. We will break even. And for every couple of cents that NEO goes down every dollar NEO goes down we will be in profit guys. So I think that doing the zebra strategy the shorting zebra strategy is better than just buying puts on stocks that you believe is going to go down over the next week or so. And stocks have been having a major pull back over the last couple of days or so. So this is a strategy that if you've been paying attention to the market only if you've been paying attention to the market that you might want to use and utilize to make a couple of extra dollars while the market is pulling back. So let's go ahead and dive into TradingView we'll look at how I view some of these setups and then we're going to the option profit calculator just to show you guys exactly how much you can make. All right here we are on TradingView this is NEO the one hour chart. So you guys do want to plan out your chart once again NEO is just an example. Please make sure that you don't have any dividends they coming up any X dividend dates coming up any earnings reports coming up when you're doing strategies when you're playing options or else you want to close out of your options two days earlier before earnings and X dividend dates. So make sure that none of that is coming up make sure you do all of your technical analysis before you just enter a trade do not enter trade blinds that's how a lot of beginners end up losing that money so make sure you do your own research. But here we are over on the option profit calculator. The stock that we were going to be looking at is NEO it get price the first one we're going to be doing we're going to be selling a put we're selling a put at 36 right here and then we'll be buying a put two of them at 37 right here. And we're buying two of these contracts. And right here let's say if NEO goes all the way down to $25 and NEO shoots up to 40 ish dollars all right. Let's hit calculate. And there we go guys if longest NEO stays below 3550 we'll end up making profit all the way through starting off from September 26th all the way through expiration date if NEO falls down to $30 we'll make a profit of 200% $533 and so on and so on if the price falls down. But once again if you guys see right here we have a max loss the max that we could lose is $267 $267 no matter how far the price of NEO goes up we will hit our max loss guys. So as long as NEO whatever stock that you pick decides to fall down or trade sideways that week you should end up making some money and this is a little safer than buying puts because we do have a max loss involved in this and this is called the zebra strategy. And there we go YouTube I know this one was a little extra involving the deltas and if you guys don't know with the Greeks I might make a video of that if you don't want to miss out on the Greeks make sure you subscribe to this channel so you don't miss out on any future videos if you do want to be a part of me doing technical analysis I do that over in my Patreon which goes to my Discord so I post my technical analysis over in the Discord if you want to join that I'm gonna leave that link down in the comment section it'll take you to Patreon you just link your Discord to that and then you'll automatically be put in if you guys want to be a part of my trades and my technical analysis. But don't forget to pick up your two free stocks of Weeble your guarantee free money of Moomoo just for clicking those links down in the description sign up for that get your free money guys I highly encourage that but other than that I'm Zeke bringing you the Dream Green Show and I'm out peace


Hi, Longmont! My name is Karen Stallard. I'm the Membership Director with the Longmont Area Chamber of Commerce. The Longmont Chamber has been working hard to support our local businesses and connect the community during this challenging time, because we don't think that being physically distanced means that we can't still socially connect and support one another. So I'd like to tag in Jessica Wanasek, the Chamber Event Director, to tell you a little bit about what we've been up to. Hey, everyone. So the Longmont Chamber of Commerce has been hosting daily Facebook live events Monday through Friday at 4 p.m. over on our Chamber Facebook page. We are featuring a local business or a non-profit, while having fun interactive activities, giveaways, and just connecting with our community. We wanted to share the fun with you after the facts, so we are airing all of our episodes from last week with you here now so you can enjoy. And we hope that you see some familiar faces from around Longmont. And remember, if you ever want to see the live thing, just tune into the Chamber Facebook page at 4 p.m. Monday through Friday. Or check out a themed list of businesses over on our Chamber website www.longmontchamber.org forward slash llama is open. And find a business that you would like to support. Enjoy the show. Well, hello, everybody. Hello, hello for another edition of Your Mindfulness Monday. We're just going to let the audience come in and build here for another second or two. So we are so happy to see you guys with us again today. We're on our second week of our Longmont is open for business live events that we're doing every day. So we're having a great time and we're happy to have you guys here. So we're just going to give another minute or two. I'm starting to see a few people popping in. If you are watching today, please let us know that you are here by commenting saying hi. If you have any questions for our guests while they're on, please put those in the comments as well and we'll try and get to all of them. So as I said, we are in our second week of Longmont is open for business, even though it's not business as usual, but there's some amazing businesses out there doing some pretty cool things. So we're really happy to be bringing those to you. My name is Jessica Wanasek. I am the event director over at the Longmont Chamber of Commerce. And again, thanks for tuning in. Each day at 4 p.m., we are highlighting and featuring businesses and nonprofits right here on our Chamber Facebook page at 4 p.m. And just kind of sharing what businesses are doing and how they're running operations, sometimes modified, obviously, with what's going on in the world today. So this is why we are doing this. If you want to see the list of businesses that we are working with here in Longmont, go to our Chamber website. And you can reach that at www.longmontchamber.org forward slash Longmont is open and it'll take you to, we have businesses in themed lists that you guys can check out. So make sure you do that. So as I said, today is mindfulness. I always forget the nest mindfulness Monday. And I would like to invite our guest to join us here in just a second. She has some amazing products that help with some self care and maybe even help reduce some of the stress that we are, you know, feeling today. So I would like to bring in a wonderful, wonderful woman. And this is Dr. Cindy Jones with Colorado Aromatics. Say hello, Cindy. Hi, Longmont. How's everybody doing? I know I'm a little stressed. I know, right? It's crazy. Well, Monday, you know, we're excited to have you on today for our second ever mindfulness Monday. And I'm feeling like some of us need need some destressing or to help kind of get some of our anxieties and stuff under control. And besides that, you have some fun products and stuff that you're going to be introducing to us here, really, right? Yes. Well, I always like to start out with our businesses. Tell us a little bit about you. How long has Colorado Aromatics been open for business? Well, you know, we kind of grew out of a hobby, so it's hard to say a specific date. But we started selling our products 12 years ago, I think at the Longmont Farmers Market. And we opened our store at third and last week, six years ago. So, so now that for a while, yeah, I know, I didn't realize that you were over at the the farmers markets. Yeah. Yeah. Well, in this summer, I don't know how that's going to look so far. It's not looking good. So I know seeing customers there and seeing customers in my store. Yeah, I think we're all going through. I know you and I were talking a little bit about how we're kind of going through people withdrawal. I like my people. Yeah. So I know you just touched on it real briefly. But where can you tell us the or tell the audience where you are located where your store is located? Our store is at the corner of third and last week. So we're on the east side of Longmont. So probably about five blocks east of Main Street. Okay. I don't know third. That's a Main Street. So there's a complex of about three buildings on the corner here. Very good. Awesome. Okay, so I know in the way the world looks right now, can you share a little bit of how you have adapted your running of your business, how you're running operations these days? Well, we tried to help customers and do what they need. And one thing that we've been able to do is to now produce a hand sanitizer. So that's been something very difficult for people to buy because people are holding it. So we've got a hand sanitizer on our website that's available for sale. But we've been focusing a lot more online since the, you know, face to face sales avenues are diminishing. So yeah, used to be, for instance, at Lucky's, which didn't have anything to do with COVID, but they went out of business. But other wholesale accounts are kind of doing not so well either. So we're really focusing on online. We actually this past Saturday, we did a Facebook live on our website. And we want to try to do that more often so we can have some kind of better interaction with our customers too. Yeah, that would be good. I'm sorry. Besides, we are packing and shipping packages from our online site, but we also allow customers to come for door pickup as well. Okay, so you're doing like a curbside, they order online curbside pickup? Or they can call the store, they can call the store and say a time that they want to come pick up and then we can process their credit card and just leave it set outside for them. Okay, cool. Cool. Tell us now I was on your website kind of poking around. Can you talk a little bit about what is this farm to face or farm to body aspect of your business? So besides our store and our production kitchen here at Thurden Lashley, we also have a farm where we live north of Longmont. So we grow a lot of herbs there, about 30 different kind of herbs that we use in our products. And this is important because these herbs provide a lot of benefits for skin, primarily antioxidants that can help repair damage that you get from the sun and being outside as we all love to do. But I brought one of the main plants that we grow is lavender. So I brought this lavender bundle here. So this summer when we have this is a dry bouquet from last summer. When we have fresh lavender this summer, I'm thinking, I don't know, we might sell it off the farm for pick up. And then a lot of the herbs, we will make extracts. jar of calendula extract. So we dry the calendula, put it in a jar and then extract it in olive oil. So you're getting a lot of the beneficial components of the calendula coming out in that oil. And then we'll strain and we'll use that oil in our products. So we use that in a lot of products, it helps to stimulate epithelial cells. A face care product, it helps to stimulate collagen production, which is something we all want. And then I showed this thing of hops to this is hops that we grow on our farm that we're doing an oil extract up here too.  And we also distill or to make these aromatic waters. So these are this is like a aromatherapy paradise. This is lavender that we distill on the farm.  You take a deep breath. So besides toning and hydrating your skin, it kind of takes you away and helps you relax, de-stress. Just this is where I wish we had like smell of vision. I was like, do me, do my face. I can only imagine how yummy it smells. Even Karen, we're getting a few comments. Chris McGrath says I bet that lavender smells amazing. And Karen says, I can smell it. So even though we don't have smell of vision, we're all imagining it. Right?  Dr. Cindy Jones is going to show us some fun products that she's got straight from her farm. Make sure you're commenting because one lucky viewer's comments, we're going to have a little quiz towards the end of our live session today. And some some lucky winners going to win a fabulous prize that Dr. Cindy has brought with her today. So tune in, let us know you're here. Say hi. If you have questions for Dr. Cindy, also put those in the comments as well. And I'll try and get those to her while we are chatting here today. So I don't know lately, I don't even know what day it is, let alone if there's a major holiday on the calendar right around the corner. And I know that there is one. So with that, Dr. Cindy, I am actually going to turn it over to you. And you can maybe share a little bit about here, there's Mother's Day is right around the corner. So I'm going to take it, you're going to take it away. And I'm going to try and hit the right button here and go for it. Okay, so yeah, believe it or not, Mother's Day is this Sunday. And because self care is so important right now, I thought I'd talk about some of the gift sets that we have that mom might like for self care. The first of these is our foot spa. So the foot spa consists of a sugar scrub, an herbal foot soap, and a sole pleasure foot butter. So this herbal foot soap is great. You would put it in a tub of water, hot water, let it infuse in that hot water for a while, and then soak your feet in there. The herbs that are in there are herbs that can help with stress and anxiety, as well as help just help you relax and help improve mood, as well as a little bit of disinfecting from the feet. Then the sugar scrub here. This is a nice sugar scrub. And we'll see it again in our hand spa. But for this sugar scrub, you want to put that on your hands or your feet. You can see that and just rub it in. What it's going to do is exfoliate.  And then I have a wet washcloth here, but you could just do this under the faucet too and just rinse that off.  So it helps the skin to glow. And it also helps skin care products to penetrate a little better. Then after doing that, you would apply the foot butter. So this foot butter is a pretty firm butter. We use confreement and calendula in here. So they're really good herbs to help with dry cracked heels, for instance. Put that on there. And it's got shea butter, cocoa butter. I think I'm opposite. So that's really nice. If you've got dry cracked heels, it'll help that right away. Especially now coming into hopefully sandal season, right? That would be great for your poor feet. Yeah. And it's just nice to, you know, some people have a little bit more time now because they're home or some people have a little less time because they're trying to take care of children at the same time. But no matter what, you need to have a little bit of self-care to get through this crisis. Agreed. Then this is our hand spa, which is very similar. We've got the same sugar scrub that you just saw. And then we've got this knuckle balm. Knuckle balm is just such a really good general product that's good for so many things. It, again, is an oil-based balm. It's made primarily with calendula. It's perfect for those cracks and fissures you get on your cuticles and knuckles. So you want to just massage that in. And I kind of like to do this if I'm, oh, you know, sitting at home watching Netflix or something. Yeah. Massage this into your cuticles and knuckles. What else are you going to do? Now, I have a question. What is, for those people who don't know, what is is it calendula? Am I saying it right? Yeah. So, I showed you that big jar of calendula flowers. Yeah. It's an orange flower that grows. It's an annual. One of the common names for it is pot maribold. It's a very resinous flower. So, even when we're picking it, after you pick for a little while, your fingers start sticking together because the resin is so sticky on there. Good. But we pick that. It blooms. We haven't planted it yet. It needs to be a little bit warmer to plant. And we start harvesting it in August and harvest it clear through frost. And then we dry that and we'll make these oil infusions like I showed you. Oh, good to know. But it's a great herb. I didn't even know. Good. Good. And then I wanted to show you when this gets set is the lotion. There's a four ounce lotion bottle. This mountain mist lotion is a very soft, silky lotion. It won't leave your hands feeling greasy. We use calendula in here, too, as well as green tea extract and a Colorado blue spruce extract. So, it's a really unique Colorado product, too. Now, that smells good, too. I was gonna say yum. I wish I could smell it. I'm using the lavender right now, but it also comes in a citrus. So, you use either one. And then speaking of lavender, this is our best-selling gift set, the Lavender Lovers Gift Set. So, what it has is a bar of lavender soap. Our lavender soap is a nice soap made from shea butter. It's a hard bar. Some people complain that a lot of times handmade soaps will sort of melt right away in the shower. This one won't. It's a nice hard bar. I mean, it really moisturizes skin. It's got the lavender lotion. It's got this lavender spritzer. And then it's got these dream pillows. So, the dream pillows are filled with herbs to help relax you and help you sleep at night, which I know some people are having trouble with that. But it's got hops in there and lavender, chamomile, lemon balm. Some really relaxing herbs. Nice. And then the next gift set I want to show you is our athlete care kit. Everybody's trying to get their exercise in now and sometimes maybe doing a little bit different than what we normally do. You might be sore. We've got this joint jam here. I'll show you the joint jam. It too is a balm. It's got arnica, comfrey, and menthol and a blend of essential oils that really penetrates well and helps relieve pain in the joints, the muscles, the tendons. So, you can use this after workout for sore muscles. You can use it for arthritis and you know it smells good. I have a who used to work here that used to say it was her favorite smell and she would put it on for perfume. I don't like it that she did. Then there's this body powder which is great to put in your shoes. It's also, I don't know if you can see this or not. There you go. So, in this body powder we put some very finely ground herbs and some essential oils that are good for relieving odor. So, you can use this under the arms as a deodorant. You can use it for a little bit of a connector. Yeah, you can use it in your shoes and that's primarily why it's in the athlete kit is to use it in the shoes to decrease the smell. And the other thing that's in here is the foot butter. So, this shows that the foot butter comes besides that it comes in this tin or it comes in this smaller tube. That's kind of like a lip balm tube so you screw it up to make it push out. And then bath salts. So, the bath salts have epsom salt in there. This is just a fun thing we keep in the store. So, we always pour a plate of bath salts and then you can take your little rake and rake it and get real zend out there. Nice. I need one of those for my desk. Those are so cool. Yeah. Yeah. It's a good good meditative kind of thing to do. No kidding. No kidding. Yeah. Oh and then I'll show you what our prize giveaway is. Is this face and body mist set. So, these are five different spritzers that we distill. These are all I didn't tell you how we make these. They're distilled on our farm. So, we take our fresh herbs like our fresh lavender. We put them in a still and just so you know it's against the law to distill alcohol and we do not distill alcohol. But we put these herbs in the still and the still collects all the aromatic molecules that are in that plant. So, we've got lavender. We've got cucumber. We've got rose, clary sage, lemon balm, and mint. So, some people call these hydrosols. So, they're really good like I said before for toning and hydration of the skin but they're wonderful for mood as well. So, they can really improve mood. I showed you the lavender before. The mint is a really good one for kind of a pick me up. So, if you're you know it's that time of day where you're starting to get a little tired. So, it's a little mint on your face and look right up. Ready to go. So, Chris McGrath just put he says he are interested in all these products. Please be sure to post the link to her website. So, I will. We do also have the link to Colorado Aromatics. It's scrolling across the little ticker. I know it kind of goes by fast. I've tried to slow it down a little bit but um yeah we will Chris we will definitely get the website information out there so you guys can check out all of the fabulous products. Um now Dr. those are amazing. So, do you I have kind of a dumb question um when you were talking about distilling your products on the farm do you offer like tours can people come to see the actual stuff in motion or is that kind of a no no off limits? Normally in the summer we do offer farm tours. We'll do private groups for a fee and then once every summer towards the end of summer I do a free farm tour for customers and we've done farm tours for some for the Longmont Senior Center as well as other senior centers but I don't know how that's looking for this summer. Yeah and I also have a well I have a class scheduled with um the Boulder Earth School to teach them how to do distilling and I was planning on doing a few workshops like that on the farm this summer too and again we might have to push that off till next summer. Yeah maybe just have to hit pause on that but revisit it because I think that would be neat for me. I'm anything that has to do with any sort of farm or how it goes from you know once it's growing to the next steps I think is always kind of a neat thing to see. Yeah we have a class I'd like to teach. I normally teach on making herbal teas and we actually got that class in March just before everything closed down. Yeah oh that would be cool too the teas very cool. Well um I love these ideas. I think I want one of each and especially for um the viewers who are watching you know if you guys are needing maybe um Mother's Day gifts you know Mother's Day is next Sunday it's May what 10th I think is the day um yeah so it's it's coming right on us I know even though it you know we may not all be able to be with mom that day or our loved ones that we consider our mothers um you know maybe may purchase a gift or a gift set would be a really cool way to go. So um Dr Cindy I'm gonna have you help me with doing the giveaway so okay okay so for those of you guys who have been viewing and commenting I see you out there um and thank you for for commenting and letting us know your hair so in the in the beginning of the the stream today I asked Dr Cindy Jones where her shop was located in Longmont now without cheating no cheating where is her storefront located in Longmont where is Colorado Aromatics located in Longmont and the first person who comes in with the correct answer will get can you hold that up again Dr Cindy hold what up oh the gift the giveaway yep you're gonna get a set of uh spritzers so let's see let's see who wrote the spritzers in the waters right now while we're waiting for uh the correct answer to come in people are thinking hard out there um Dr Cindy is there anything else that you feel um that the audience should know well besides the products I showed you we've got a full line of face care product body care bath and shower and we have handcrafted soaps that we make as well oh very cool yeah okay so important right now to wash your hands absolutely get some good soap to wash your hands I know the soap and the lotion I think because I wash my hands so much my hands are like oh they're not happy I need some of that lotion okay so we have uh Chris McGrath is working really hard and it's so close to a little bit more information a little bit more east of Maine is correct and five blocks east of Maine is also correct um you're zeroing in what could that be that it's kind of a a main east and west road that brings you through a long lot let's see like Chris is cracking me up now they're going what what help all right okay Dr Sandy should we just give oh there third third I don't see it I don't see it on there she said Chris McGrath says on third so we're gonna we'll give it well I think what do you think Dr Cindy should we should we know the actual address is on lashley right third and lashley was the correct answer but uh Chris you are working really hard at that so we're we're gonna go ahead what do you think Dr Sandy you think it's a good try okay yeah congrats Chris McGrath you are the proud winner of today's prize giveaway it's a set of the body spritzers in all those yummy yummy flavors so um I will if you could email me at jwanasek uh at longmontchamber.org and let me know uh your email address or what's the best way maybe your address and I could run those over to you just let us know how to get in contact with you if you could do that um so that's that's awesome Chris we're laughing too with you laughing and thank you so we're glad that she got a hold of that Chris um and you know it's been such a pleasure Dr Cindy to have you on today um to let everybody know where you're located what you're doing that the amazing products that you guys are working hard um you know getting out there during this crazy time so we really appreciate everything that you were doing uh and keep up the the good work thanks it was fun to be on thanks for having me on oh good and everybody swing on by uh her website it's WWW well actually it's HTTPS forward slash coloradoaromatics.com so just put in coloradoaromatics.com and go say hi to Dr Cindy and check out all the the yummy products that she has so with that Cindy I am going to say bye-bye to you and thank you so much for joining me wash your hands yes wash your hands and sanitize she also has sanitizer available over there as well um we want to now that you feel maybe hopefully a little less stressed a little bit less anxiety ridden um just watching her do the spritzes I kind of I want to go get one now too so um we're so glad that you were here today thank you so much for joining and commenting we have fun doing these we're going to continue to keep doing these uh each week every day we want you right back here on the chamber uh Facebook page at four p.m join us tomorrow we have a really exciting um Tuesday tunes and art so really come back at four p.m tomorrow check in what we're doing um we have a little bit of surprise in there for you too so uh with that enjoy the rest of your day and everybody please please be well we'll talk to you soon see you bye bye


So, thank you very much, Madame Ambassador, for introducing me. And very many thanks to CSIS colleagues, first of all, giving me the privilege to share with you some of our thoughts about the unconventional energy revolution, but at the same time, a big congratulations to CSIS for this excellent report, a must-read report, and a very professional presentation of that report, very impressive indeed. So thank you very much. And another thank you goes to the Norwegian colleagues here. Yesterday, I did enjoy a lot the Mr. Foreign Minister's speech, who was very precise, and to the point, as far as the global gas markets and the current challenges are concerned. What I will try to do is a bit different. I will first try to tell you a bit complementing what the CSIS colleagues did, the importance of shale oil and gas, but I thought it might be a better idea to put some cautionary questions here and there about the perception of the shale oil and shale gas here in this very country and beyond. So let me start by, before looking at the future, today, where we are in terms of the energy. Now as a result of two major drivers, we are seeing a major change in the global energy scene. By far the most important one is, of course, the unconventional energy revolution that we will discuss in a moment, but at the same time, there is another one we shouldn't forget, the after Fukushima, some countries change their nuclear policies, which also has effects on the gas markets, coal markets, carbon dioxide emissions, and beyond. But as a result of that, we see a completely new energy movie. And in that movie, some of the actors who has very established roles in those movies are changing their roles. What are those? For example, some countries in that energy movie had the role of being a major energy importer and affecting the markets as such are now changing the role and becoming energy exporters, such as, of course, the United States, a major change, a huge change. For instance, there are some countries, it goes unnoticed sometimes, who have the role of in the energy movie, global energy movie, being energy exporters and affecting the markets as such are now, at the same time, becoming major energy consumers, such as the Middle East countries. When you look at the last five years, ladies and gentlemen, Middle East countries were second to China only in terms of their contribution to the global oil demand growth. About one-third of the global oil demand growth came from Middle East, just second to China. They are therefore having a double role. One is export and providing oil and gas to the markets. But at the same time, they themselves are becoming major consumers. Third change, trade patterns, energy trade patterns changing. And the first of all is the oil trade center is shifting from Pacific to Atlantic and it is happening very, very fast. Or some countries are looking at the different directions. Let me take Canada as an example. Until recently, and we have colleagues from Canada here, until recently the life for Canadians were very comfortable. They produced oil and gas, sent it to Sa'at, got the cash and enjoyed life. But now it is changing. Sa'at, they do not need so much Canadian oil anymore, they will get some. But huge Canadian oil and gas resources have to go somewhere and therefore Canada is turning its face to Asia, a very definite destination. Look at the Canadian government's website. How many times Canadian governments, the head of the government ministers are visiting which country and you will see a big portion of the visits to Asia in order to build this new trade linkage. So these things are changing and as I said the major driver here is the unconventional energy revolution. But there are certain things which are not changing and which I would like to see personally changing. What are those? First of all, carbon dioxide emissions, major cause for climate change is increasing steadily and puts the world in an unsustainable path. And energy is at the heart of it. About three-fourth of the emissions which cause climate change come from the energy sector. So without solving the energy sector, we have no chance whatsoever to address the climate change problem. Second, in many countries in the world, fossil fuel prices, the consumption at the pump or at the burning stations are heavily subsidized. They are extremely cheap, much cheaper than their own value and as a result of that people use it in a wasteful manner. If something is much cheaper than it is normal value, we human beings tend to use it in a wasteful manner, not a careful way. If I have a tire of five dollars, I can have my lunch comfortably, but if the tire is five hundred dollars, I am much more careful with how am I eating my lunch. So therefore, it is very important the value of the energy and it is undervalued that it gives a wasteful use of energy in many countries, especially in the emerging countries. And third issue, it may not be very much at the focus of your attention now, but I will still insist to bring to your attention today 1.3 billion people, about 20 percent of global population, they have no electricity. In sub-Saharan Africa, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, main countries. And this energy issue, but maybe beyond the economic issue, security issue and perhaps most importantly, a moral issue, I believe. Now, I finished the current picture by telling you one last item about the energy prices. Many of us perhaps don't notice it very clearly, but since three years, we have oil prices averaging 100 dollars. It has never been the case in the history. Three years, 100 dollars of oil prices and looking at the increasing cost of production, looking at the difficulties some countries are facing, producing countries and looking at the increasing complexity of the fields, I do not see major chances that the prices will go back to the levels we have seen in 50, 60 dollars several years ago in a sustained period of time. And the second point on the prices is something very new and critically important, namely, in the world. Natural gas and electricity prices in different regions are diverging from each other, different prices in different regions with major consequences that I will share with you in a minute. Now about the fuels, which fuels are going to win, which fuels are going to lose? Now since we have Norwegian colleagues here, again going to the Norwegian example, in 1987 a very distinguished Norwegian Prime Minister, Mrs. Brutland, made a report at the request of the UN Secretary of General about the sustainable development, brought the sustainable development context for the first time in a powerful way. And then since then, the world tries to reduce the share of fossil fuels in the global energy mix because they are, among other things, they are having environmental implications. And since 25 years, the world is trying to put new policies on renewables and efficiencies and this and that to bring the share of fossil fuels down. And when this effort started 25 years ago, share of fossil fuels in the global energy mix was 82 percent, 82. And after 25 years of efforts worldwide, government spending so much money, efforts, programs, meetings, presentations, et cetera, today, that 82 percent today came down to 82 percent. No change whatsoever. This shows us something, ladies and gentlemen. Economic facts are stubborn. We may have government intentions, we may have statements, we may have goals, but if they are not backed up with economic facts and changing economic instruments, they do not have major sustained implications for the markets. And when we look at the future, we expect, although renewable energies will increase their shares mainly as a result of current government subsidies, which may also change, fossil fuels, especially natural gas, will be the winners and we will have a fossil fuel-dominated future for the next 25 years. Now coming to the United States, we have seen, of course, a major growth in shale gas in a less than a decade, about 250 BCM, huge growth, and which is equal to the current production of Qatar, Kuwait, UAE, and Iraq put together. Or in other terms, another AAA-rated supplier, Norway, two and a half times of Norway, in less than one decade of time, the production level. An impressive result. It's a big revolution and we all have to be very happy with that. The same with oil, more than three million dollars per day, close to 3.5, is because Iraq today, a major, very important producer. This is definitely something that the Americans have to be proud of. And we, as the International Energy Agency think, this provides a major contribution to global energy security and the prosperity of the world, and as such, this is a major achievement. However, having said that, I think we may need to put this in a context. First of all, in terms of oil, let me start with oil. Many colleagues in the United States talk about the self-sufficiency being independent in terms of oil, and I will talk about the oil imports shrinking. This is a very good news. We think that the oil imports in the United States will shrink substantially, maybe go to zero very soon, and the U.S. may not need to import any more oil or just very little in the next years to come. To think that this is only, this success story is only as a result of increase in the oil shale, pardon, shale oil, is completely wrong, completely wrong. It is only one part of the equation. There is also factors which do contribute to lower the domestic consumption, the demand. Therefore, it's a combination of two things. One, the production goes up, shale oil, but at the same time, consumption comes down because of the new efficiency standards set by the current administration for cars and trucks. This is important to understand, I believe, because if we give only the importance to the increase in the production, we may forget that we also owe the achievement also to the demand-side measures improving efficiency and other measures. I believe this is an important reminder, and therefore, we shouldn't be only happy to see the production growth, but also should be happy with the good results coming from the stringent fuel economy standards set recently. The second point I think we may need to be careful is about the role of the Middle East. Now, when we look at the oil markets, we see in the next 20 years two chapters of a story. In the next 10 years, U.S. oil production will increase, continue to increase, but then come to a certain plateau, flatten out, and this is still a very good news for us, for everybody in the world. Why? Because United States is not, as I mentioned before, will not import a lot of oil at all, and it will be a sufficient country making steps there. And the fact is, after 2020, especially from Middle East, we need to see production growth. In terms of demand, there is a world beyond the United States and mainly Asia. Middle East's importance is, I completely agree with this year's report. It is not only the sea lanes issue, which is very true, but at the same time, who is going to meet the demand growth in Asia, which is 14 million dollars per day coming? Plus, the fields are like human beings. A field, we have many colleagues here who know better than me, fields go up, they are very productive in the beginning, they come to a certain peak, and afterwards they decline. Many fields are declining today. So we have to also bring new oil in the markets in order to compensate the decline, plus to meet the growth in the demand, which is basically coming from Asia. And there is one single most important region in the world in terms of resource ownership and in terms of the economics of production, which is Middle East. If we do not give the right signals to Middle East in terms of investments today, we may well be in difficulty in 2020s, and we may well see pressure on the oil prices at that time if the production growth from Middle East does not come true. And therefore, I think it is very important to understand that we, meaning the world, does need, we do need Middle East today and also in the future. A few things on the gas markets. Today, we have an extraordinary situation. Extraordinary situation. We have never seen this before. What is that? Today, the European gas prices are three times more expensive than the United States, and in Japan, it is about five times higher. And this is extraordinary. We have not seen this before. And there is no single other commodity as important as this, where you see such price differences. But I think more important than this is that we believe that in the next years to come, even we may see some increase in the U.S. gas prices, there will be at least 10, 15 years. There will be substantial differences between the natural gas prices in the different regions. And this will have major implications for everybody. One of the implications is on the industry.  But some industries use much more energy than the others. And the cost of energy in those industries is much higher than the other costs. Because you have a cost of energy, you have a cost of labor, you have a cost of capital. If the cost of energy is important in a given country, and if the energy prices are high, then these companies will be in difficulty, such as the case now in Europe and in Japan. I can tell you that in Europe, many companies today, especially petrochemical, iron steel, aluminum, cement, paper and pulp, they are in major difficulties because the natural gas prices and electricity prices are significantly higher than their competitors. They are losing export, market share vis-a-vis U.S. companies and vis-a-vis Middle East companies. And this is something which is a good news for the United States. Even I believe if the U.S. gas prices go a bit up, this will be still very advantageous for the United States. And the U.S. may well see a major competitive advantage vis-a-vis other countries in the next years to come. Now from this issue, let me come to an issue that I really want to bring to your attention, namely the issue of climate change and the share gas evolution. Now as you know, until recently, the United States was the largest emitter of the world, and recently, five years ago, overtaken by China and the United States number two now. Until 2007, we have seen the U.S. emissions were increasing significantly. But after that, when share gas started to replace coal, we have seen that there is a significant decline. This is, ladies and gentlemen, a very good news for the climate change community, a good news that we have not received many, many years, a major downturn. And this is a success as a result of the technology and the policies supporting that. However, as you may see, I have a lot of however's and buts today. And another, however, is that in 2013, we saw the trend is going back. Emissions are increasing. Why? Because this gas was replacing coal. Why Americans started to use a lot of share gas? Because Americans love environment more than Norwegians? No, I don't think so. Because Americans are very keen to use modern technologies. I don't think so. The only reason, because the gas was cheaper than coal. Very simple. But now, with the gas prices increasing, coal prices being moderate, the coalhead advantages, and we have seen 2013, coal to make a comeback. Why I am saying this is that if in the United States, if we want to see emissions to be under check, it is very important to look at the future of coal-fired power plants and take the necessary measures if needed. Again, in the context of climate change, I wanted to address one issue that Americans discuss a lot, or the Europeans discuss from Americans' point of view. Many American colleagues I met have a guilt feeling. They feel guilty for one reason, at least. Namely, they say that we now have a lot of coal, and we export this coal to Europe and other countries. And in Europe, the coal prices collapse, and the Europe uses a lot of coal because of what happened here. And as a result of that, COT emissions will increase in Europe. This is the general theory. But it is true that in Europe, the coal consumption is growing very, very strongly now, but this is almost nothing to do with the United States. So don't feel guilty, and I will help you. So in the last few years, when you look at the growth of exports from United States, it is very, very small, and even smaller than an increase coming from Australia. The biggest increase came from Indonesia. Who floated the markets was Indonesia, and the contribution of US exports to the global coal exports was less than 10%, 7%, peanuts. So you don't need to feel guilty about this. This is coming from other countries, and as a result of this, what happened is that four or five years ago, the coal prices were about $110, and today they are $75. There is a big drop in the coal prices, but this has very little to do with the United States. The production is coming from elsewhere. And second, most important, here is China. You know China is a coal country. China's coal growth was going very strongly, but in the last two years, we have seen a big change in the coal consumption trend, and we have seen a slow down of the Chinese coal consumption, a big change. And this difference between the historical trend and the current consumption of China is about 20 times of the US exports. So just to put it in context, this is one of the reasons why we have seen coal prices went down and the people went for coal in Europe and elsewhere, and the US exports has very little to do with this. Let me finish my presentation about the topic which is discussed out, about the LNG and the role of the United States. Now United States, LNG, everybody, I can tell you, is talking about it in Europe, in Asia, and they say it will be very, very nice if the US was to export LNG here in Europe, especially given the recent developments. I would say, first of all, from an energy security point of view, this will be extremely important and extremely positive. Gas security point of view, it's excellent. However, again, however, I do not think that it will, as our European colleagues hope, it will not bring the gas prices at the level even close to the US levels. Why? For the following reasons, very simple. Today, natural gas prices in the United States is about four dollars and in Europe it is about eleven dollars. Four here, eleven in Europe. To bring gas from US to Europe, gasification, liquefaction, transportation is about six dollars. So four plus six is ten and in Europe it's already eleven. It will provide, of course, flexibility. It will provide a room for negotiation for the importers with every major exporters when they negotiate the Europeans, they fit the truth. It will enhance the energy security and provide diversification, but no hope to see prices which are even close to the US prices because of this cost of transportation. Just to give you one number, the same energy content of gas and oil to transport natural gas is seven times more expensive than transporting oil. This is a major issue for natural gas and therefore we should be very careful to hope for a one or convergence of gas prices internationally. And the US will always have the close advantage for many years to come. So let me finish my words by trying to put my thoughts together. The share revolution is having a unique, a major impact on the global energy landscape, on the economy and the geopolitics. The CSES report gave us very good hints in that direction. And for me, we can only compare in the last 30, 40 years. This effect may be with the introduction of nuclear power in the early 70s, if not stronger. Second, we think US natural gas prices may increase from the current levels a bit because there are several challenges from the complexity of the fields and increasing environmental obligations just a bit. But still there will be substantial differences between US versus Asia, US versus Europe for many years to come. Therefore, the difference in the price is not a one-off issue. This is a structural issue. Therefore, we have to take it as such. Third, please, please. It is very important that we make everybody understand that we need Middle East oil production growth. We shouldn't give the wrong signals to the producers. We need Middle East oil. If we need the Middle East oil growth in a few years of time, the production growth in a few years of time need to be, the projects need to be started now. Investment needs to be done now because you don't invest today and oil comes, flows tomorrow. There is a lead time there. Therefore, it is very important that we all understand. The numbers are there. Middle East is the only region that can provide a lot of oil to the major consumer regions such as Asia. Another point that I thought, again, a cautionary, a friendly remark here. We are all very happy in the United States and elsewhere because of the shale gas and the shale oil, but we shouldn't forget the importance of energy efficiency, nuclear power, and clean coal technologies. They all have their stakes. They all have their role. If you forget their role to help us to provide diversification in the energy mix to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions and to provide room for more exports from the United States, this is completely important, and this shouldn't be forgotten as well. And finally, United States went from a psychology, energy psychology from scarcity, meaning a major importer to a now country with a resource-rich country. How the United States will formulate, will adapt its energy strategy, and foreign policy is extremely important from a global energy security point of view. And how this question will be answered will have ramifications, of course, for the United States, for the allies of the United States, and for the rest of the world. And we, as the International Energy Agency, is at the disposal of the U.S. government to help them to shape their strategy. Thank you very much for your attention. Thank you. So, if you have questions, I will be very able to take them. Yes, sir? Yes, sir. I'll take this, please. Charles Ebinger from Brookings. Good to see you, Fatih. How much is the difference in the gas price in Norway and the Netherlands attributable to taxes by the two respective governments rather than actually the market price of producing it? Thank you. Yes, please. Ken Mayer, Court of World Oaks. In a few minutes, the EIA will announce the current status of our natural gas working storage. And I suspect they will announce that we are continuing to draw it down as we have done all winter. This especially cold winter resulting in the storage being less than 50% of what it usually is. At least one of our public utilities' first energy has been told there won't be gas to run their gas-powered electric plants this summer because the gas has to go back into working storage in preparation for next winter. So, one of our previous speakers predicted that the United States would become a net exporter of natural gas soon, unless by soon she met never. I don't understand the grounds for optimism, especially at a time when we're still importing about 10% of our consumption from Canada. You seem to think we're going to become a net exporter with your discussion of the effect of our exports on world gas prices. What's the grounds for your optimism? Yes, sir. Equality. Yes, please. Thank you very much. My name is Shinichi Sobe, CSIS from JETRO. My question is about the future of automotive markets. There are so many new technologies coming into market like electric vehicle, biofuel, natural gas vehicle, fuel cell. Which technology do you see the most promising or still the gasoline vehicle is dominant power? Thank you very much. I take this one to this round and then make a second round. Thank you for comprehensive and complex presentation. My question is about the Middle East. The Middle East is a consumer. The Middle East is a consumer of natural gas. I'd like your thoughts on the prices of natural gas to consumers in the Middle East itself as compared to United States, Europe, Japan. Thank you. Okay, let me take this first. In terms of the U.S. becoming, then I'll come to the novia question, U.S. becoming an exporter or not. I think U.S. will be a net exporter sometime within five years of time if the numbers, what we have, if the data we have is right. And I don't see any difficulty in terms of resource space, in terms of the capital, in terms of policies, government policies as much as we are informed that the U.S. may export about 70 BCM, which is a significant amount of gas. And I believe a big portion of this gas may go to Asia Pacific, which is already, some of them are already contracted. And as such, it will be a big help for the global gas markets. However, again, even in the most optimistic scenario of the U.S. colleagues making here, U.S. will never be the largest exporter of the world. According to our numbers, Russia will remain, Israel will remain the largest gas exporter for many years to come. So what U.S. will do, what U.S. will help, U.S. gas is diversification, making the hands of the importer stronger and you have a new option there, which is definitely very helpful. But given the distances and the amount of gas which could come from United States may not revolutionize the markets, as some of us expect, but it would also help to improve the hands of the importers. But we expect, within five years of time, U.S. to be starting to export. Now government taking Norway versus Netherlands. We have Norwegian colleagues here. Every country has its own resources. Every country has its own policies. And in some countries, the resources are run by the, owned by the national companies. In some countries, it is by the private companies. Therefore, it changes the taxing policies, changes from company to company. And to be honest with you, this gives me an opportunity to tell one other advantage of the U.S. gas and oil production growth. Today, I don't know if we are aware, about 80% of the remaining reserves are in the hands of the national oil companies. And more than two-thirds of the gas reserves are in the hands of the national oil companies. The role for markets or market mechanisms are getting less and less in many cases. Of course, there are some national oil companies like Stutt Oil, which is a triple-R rated company, but not all of them are like Stutt Oil. Now, automotive industry. There is a big, as you rightly pointed out, a search for the new technology. The internal combustion engines today, the cars we are driving today, or you are driving today, it's about 99% total cars, okay? And there is an interest in the electric cars, fuel cells, biofuels, different things. And they are driven by two things. One, the oil price, I said $100, and it will be still costly. Second, the carbon dioxide emissions. Now, I think in the next 10 years something will happen, but I don't know what. This is like a pregnant lady. There will be a child, but we don't say boy or girl. There will be something coming out. It is either electric car or the biofuels or the fuel cells. This will depend on the government policies.  The current policies and current challenges. What we have done is that we have looked at every government's target today. China, U.S., France, Germany, Japan, electric cars, their targets for 2020. And it is very if they reached those targets, but let's assume they reached those targets. Even if they reached those targets in 2020, the electric cars share in the total car fleet will be less than 1% still, very, very modest. Middle East. Yes, in Middle East, both oil and gas consumption is skyrocketing. And there are three drivers, economic growth, population growth, and heavily subsidized prices. And it gives very, very wrong signals, to be honest with you. For example, in one major Middle East country, we use about 1 million dollars per day for electricity generation. This is economically criminal to use oil for electricity generation from an economic point of view. It is like using a Chanel perfume to fuel your car. It is in the same economic value, to be honest with you. So therefore, there is a need to reform the prices. This is the number one, very number one issue. In some countries in Middle East, there are very well intended programs to push the renewables, especially solar energy. But you cannot at the same time bring the price of fossil fuels down very low and to hope to see the renewables, which are already having cost difficulties, cost challenges to get a market share. And this is happening. In terms of natural gas prices, they are extremely low, which doesn't give any incentive in many cases to develop gas markets. So for Middle East, for me, the key issue today in terms of energy sector is the price reform of the domestic energy prices. Otherwise, they are not only jeopardizing their export revenues, which is crucial for the economies, but at the same time giving wrong signals to the energy infrastructure developments. Do we have... We don't... If you have a very short question, please go ahead. Okay, but I have to get from Frank as well, so he's a good friend of mine. What are your major points at the beginning which you didn't address was that 1.3 billion people do not have access to electricity, which to this old engineer is a late 19th century technology. Yet in sub-Saharan Africa, 72% of the population has a cell phone and 27% has electricity, which is cell phones by entrepreneurs, electricity by governments. Do you think that leads to a conclusion? Frank? Thanks, Patti. And thank you for a wonderful presentation. I and I have already decided there's at least a half dozen year slides that we will use again with attribution. My question is just so we don't leave this group with a misinformed impression, you talk about, I'm assuming, net self-sufficiency in the United States, because quality counts too. And we may export a lot of light, but still bring in other kinds of oil to meet refineries. Exactly. Easy question, easy answer. Thank you very much. The other question is, it's a... I should put it this way. I'll give you one number. There is one country in Africa which has a population of about 170 million. And this country exports oil and gas since a long time. And out of 170 million people, about 89 or 90 million people have no electricity. And we have calculated the following. If this government of that very country would have spent some part of the oil and gas revenues for building power plants, this problem would have been solved. And I will tell you what this some part means. It is not 20%. It's not 10%. It is not 5%. If that government would have spent only 0.6% of the oil and gas export revenues in that country, that 90 million people would have access to electricity. This is definitely, among other things, a governance issue in Africa. And this year, we are in the IEA when we make the virtual reality. Madame Ambassador mentioned the virtual reality we make every year. We focus on one country or a region. And this year, we are focusing on Africa. We're in all the African countries and one of the issues is this issue. And I am very happy that this coincides in a time that the United States government is also pushing the agenda of powering Africa. And we will put the, hopefully, synergies together and provide some good advice for the African governments there for oil, gas revenue management, but also electricity market reforms. With this, I would like to thank all of you and congratulate once again the colleagues at the CICS for this excellent work done. Thank you very much. Thank you.


So, good morning and welcome back to in pitel lecture series on classics in total synthesis. So, today we will talk about a natural product which is highly substituted androquinone as a core structure. So, that natural product is called veno mycinone B2 methyl ester. Actually this veno mycines have this common this dihydroxy androquinone as the core structure. There are quite a few veno mycines, but today what we are going to do is we are going to talk about a couple of total synthesis of this veno mycinone methyl esters. You can see this is there is a methyl ester, so that is why it is called veno mycinone methyl ester. So, all the veno mycines show exceptional activity against gram positive bacteria and also against some tumors in mice. The two synthesis which we are going to talk about today are from Danyevsky's group and Danyevsky's group. Danyevsky's synthesis used a very interesting heterodeal salt reaction to construct this dihydropyrene ring and they also used a Claisen rearrangement to introduce the side chain on the right hand side. In addition they also used a deal salt reaction to construct the androquinone point. Let us see how Danyevsky's group use these key reactions to complete the total synthesis of veno mycinone due to methyl ester. First let us look at the heterosynthesis. So they made this veno mycinone methyl ester from this methyl ketone using a reformatsky type reaction. So you one can easily see this CH2 CO2Me group can be added to this methyl ketone via reformatsky reaction and this methyl ketone if you look at carefully on the left hand side that is this dihydropyrene ok. So this was converted into the dihydroxyl group here using hydroboration ok hydroboration oxidation already there is a enol TMS one more hydroxyl group was introduced using hydroboration oxidation and as I mentioned this particular dihydropyrene unit was made through heterodeal salt reaction ok you start with that aldehyde and then you do a deal salt reaction with Danyevsky's diene you get corresponding dihydropyrene ok and this aldehyde can be obtained from this allyl group by isomerization of this double bond ok. Once you isomerize the double bond it goes to the internal alkene which upon was analysis will give corresponding aldehyde and if you look at this compound you can see here this also upon Claisen rearrangement followed by was analysis you can get this methyl ketone ok. So 3, 4 steps involving this reaction in this particular transformation and this can be obtained again. So this is the diene ok this is the diene and this substituted after Qn is the dienopoil they can undergo an intermolecular deal salt reaction and followed by aromatization to give this substituted anthroquinone ok and that can be obtained from commercially available natural product called Jouglou ok. Now let us see how the forward synthesis took place. So he started with again commercially available methyl protonate now if you treat with LDA if you treat with LDA what will happen this CH2 this will be picked up LDA will pick up this proton and it can generate anion here and that place one can quench with allyl bromide ok. So it picks up the gamma proton and then quenching with allyl bromide at alpha position. So that will give this alpha beta gamma. So beta gamma and saturated ester this ester as you can see this proton is still acidic isn't it. So you can generate anion and quench with TMS chloride. So that will give you the corresponding starting diene which is required for deal salt reaction with Jouglou ok. So once this is made then the Jouglou which is required for the deal salt reaction was deprotonated that phenolic hydroxyl group was deprotonated and quench with this allyl iodide to get the precursor not only for the deal salt reaction because as you can see this is the quinone moiety which can undergo deal salt reaction and here this allyl ether which can undergo the intramolecular glycine ring one. The other starting material that is tannerships is diene was prepared from this enone using LDA and TMS chloride. Now let us see how the deal salt reaction work. So first we started with this diene which was prepared from methylchrotonate and deal salt reaction with 2-5 dichlorobenzooquinone, 2-5 dichlorobenzooquinone gave this intermediate of course this is unstable so it was not isolated it underwent elimination of HCl also methanol to give this hydroxy laptoquino ok. Then the free hydroxyl was methylated ok the free hydroxyl was methylated followed by isomerization of the double bond that allyl group was isomerized using Wilkinson catalyst then the next deal salt reaction was done on this chloro laptoquino ok. So that gave this intermediate which was subsequently aromatized to give this compound ok. Now you can see here you have the double bond which can be was allized to get aldehyde and here also you can get this ketone ok. So this is one way they prepared the key anterquino. They also used another method to prepare the same intermediate where they started from juglone which I already mentioned and they allylated with this allyl bromide substituted allyl bromide then deal salt reaction with this diene followed by aromatization you could get this compound. Now you methylate this phenolic hydroxyl group and what you need is to isomerize the double bond to internal alkene. So that was done again with rhodium chloride you can isolate the double bond so you can isomerize the double bond and then when you heat it at 200 degrees then the glycent rearrangement takes place so that migrates the allyl group to ortho position. Then you can methylate this free phenolic hydroxyl group as well and followed by was analysis you get this side ketone this upon was analysis you will get ketone and in this side you will get aldehyde ok this is the highly substituted androchiron moiety which is the core unit of enium myceno p2. So what needs to be done is one has to do a hetero deal salt reaction on the aldehyde on the left hand side and then one has to add the CH2 COTME through preformatsky type reaction ok. So he carried out the hetero deal salt reaction with this diene followed by you know isolation when he did the deal salt reaction with this diene you could get this dihydrofuran which upon hydroboration ok which upon hydroboration followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and sodium nitroxide you can see the required diol was obtained ok. So now the diol is there next is to carry out the corresponding Grignard reagent. So the Grignard reagent did not work actually original plan was to carry out reformatsky reaction. So here he tried this the alpha bromomethyl acetate and form the Grignard and this reaction did not go. So instead so what he did so they removed both methoxy group ok they removed both methoxy group with PBR3 with PBR3 both methoxy were removed then from methyl acetate this proton was deprotonated using lithium exomethyl disalicide that lithium derivative was added to the CH2 ok. And of course to facilitate that magnesium bromide the ethyl ether also was added. So now this reaction worked very well and that was converted into corresponding minium isoenone B2 methyl ester after removing the TMS ok. So that is how this total synthesis was accomplished and it started from commercially available natural product called juglone and it involved heterodeal sal reaction, normal deal sal reaction, glycine rearrangement as key reactions to synthesize this compound. Overall he took about 11 longest linear steps with a yield of 9 percent ok. So 9 percent overall yield is a very good strategy and now let us see the second total synthesis which is chiral one and this was reported by Marcus Tias. So he the left hand side glycol part he started from D-glucol ok. So D-glucol was the you know key starting material to introduce the chiral center ok and according to him it and this minium isoenone can be easily disconnected into 3 fragments. So this is one fragment and then middle the dihydroxyandroquinone is the second fragment and the third fragment comes from this intermediate ok. These are the 3 fragments you could easily disconnect very logical. Now let us see how he made these 3 fragments and then combined all. He started with beta hydroxycarboxylic acid this upon treatment with pivaloldehyde in the presence of acid it gave this protected compound ok. Now he wanted to introduce a double bond here so that was done first termination followed by elimination he got the double bond and still you can see there is one stereo center then the allylic bromination was carried out with NBS under photochemical condition. So one side chain is already prepared. The second side chain he started with D-glucol ok the triacetate was hydrolyzed to get the triol then the primary alcohol was mesylated then both the secondary alcohols were acetylate ok. The mesylate upon treatment with lithium iodide the mesylate is converted into the corresponding iodide. Now upon treatment with LIH so this iodide will be displaced by hydride and ester also will be reductively removed. So you basically what you have done is from the D-glucol the CH2OH is converted into CH3 ok. And both the hydroxyl groups were protected as TBS ethers then treatment with butyl lithium potassium butyl lithium one can generate anion here then that was exchanged with zinc for the legacy type coupling ok. Then for the middle portion this is a commercially available dihydroxyandroquinone take this and protect both hydroxyl groups as mom ether ok. Then reduce these two ketones reduce these two ketones with sodium borohydrate isopropanol completely to get the corresponding aromatic one ok. From androquinone that is dihydroxyandroquinone what we have done is dihydroxyprotected ambrosine ok. So then it is a symmetrical compound so treatment with TBS either it can generate here or here does not matter both are same then exchange it with tributyl tin chloride ok. So then you exchange that with iodine ok the tributyl tin can be easily exchanged with iodine by treatment with iodine. So this side you have iodine and that side you have zinc so then do the key legacy coupling to get or introduce the CC bond ok. Then this sodium cyanoborohydrate will reduce this enol ether ok. The sodium cyanoborohydrate will reduce the enol ether stereo selectively to get exact tetrahedral pyrone unit with all stereo centers fixed. Now what is left as you know you have to introduce a tin group here and then attach the CH2 side chain ok. So first introduce the tin by treating with enbutyl lithium and then try quenching with tributyl tin chloride and this upon coupling again this time it is like still like coupling so that gives the corresponding side right and side side chain ok. So if you look at this what is missing is a methyl group at this carbon but you have enol so one can easily introduce a methyl group using Gilman's reagent so that is what he did and that methyl 1 4 addition took place highly stereo selectively because of the presence of the tertiary butyl group ok. Then what needs to be done if you look at this middle ring of this andersine in the natural product it is androquilone that means this diene should be oxidized to diketone so that was done and to get the corresponding di substituted androquilone ok. So what is left you have to remove this tertiary butyl group you have to remove both moms and you have to remove both TBS group. So if you treat with HCl so this will remove and then you also will get methyl ester mom group will go and also TBS group will go so it is a complete global deprotection followed by esterification all were done in one step to complete the asymmetric total synthesis of enium is known B2. So in summary Markasthias and his co-workers completed the total synthesis of enium is known B2 in early 90s and they started with commercially available 1-8 hydroxy androquilone and also D-glucol on the left side and the other side they started with beta hydroxy carboxylic acid which is also commercially available ok. There are 2 key reactions which they used one negishi coupling on the left hand side and still a coupling on the right hand side and the last to introduce a chiral center on the right hand side chain they used Gilman reagent to introduce the quaternary center ok. So they took about 11 steps and overall yield was 4.6 percent considering the complexity of the molecule and also the first asymmetric total synthesis this is a significant achievement ok. So I will stop here and then we will continue our discussion with one more natural product and complete the syllabus of this particular course. So we will discuss tomorrow about the total synthesis of another complex natural product called Zaragozy acid ok until then see you thank you bye.


Having been in your shoes, I truly appreciate your commitment to being here today and representing all 16 of Wisconsin's world-class technical colleges. I'm taking the machine tool techniques program. Automated manufacturing system technology program. Early childhood education program. Marketing student. Business management supervision program. And the industrial mechanical technician program. I'm in the nursing program. I'm enrolled in the gas utility construction program. Early childhood education. And I'm in the laboratory science program. And the criminal justice program. Dole enrollment program. My human services associates degree. The manufacturing information technology specialist program. The human resource management program. The plumbing apprentice program. In human services field. The associate's a nursing degree. Welding and fabrication program. This statewide showcase focuses on Wisconsin technical college students from around the state and highlights the incredible work they do both in the classroom and in the community. Becoming machinists or tool and die makers, basically you're learning CNC programming, manual milling, CAD design. The project that we have here today is a pill picking project and it uses vision to locate where the pills are. We are raising money to help moms get money for diapers that can't afford them. Today we're showing one of our research projects. It deals with the effective ways of communication between our mid-state staff and our students. We want to make sure that every veteran that walks through each one of our campuses knows that they have a place that they can come to. This year is going to be the first year that we have graduates out of the Electromechanical Technician Program. This is our first robot we have and we have three more on the way for next year. Well today I am showing how nursing students model simulation technologies. Basically we covered over two miles of cross-country trails and lit them up with lights and it was all volunteer work. Today I'm here talking about our study abroad opportunities and that very many technical colleges get to do study abroad. We have a few different cheeses today. The reason we have cheeses is there's over 2,000 dairy manufacturers in Wisconsin and they're actually the ones who came to Southwest Tech. They are looking for people. We did an internship with the Watertown Police Department. They compiled for them a brief synopsis of each case so that they could use that to try and get grants. We are seniors in high school and we go to WOTC in the morning for classes then we go back to high school for the rest of our classes. We are showing off our share of the bounty. It is a Thanksgiving dinner package that we did to the families in need. Essentially figuring out how to network factory machines. At the end of the year they get a certificate and with that certificate they also get a recommendation letter that they can give to an employee to show that they have these different skills. We are showcasing an international plumbing competition in India. Today I'm presenting our new Provost Honors Program. Phi Theta Kappa is the International Honors Society of the Two-Year Technical College System. I love this day. This is like one of the best days of my year.  They are on display all around this rotunda today. You are brave because I know for a lot of you this might be the very first time that you are doing public speaking and telling other people about what you're doing with your lives. Lastly, I know you're all entrepreneurial because these displays didn't come out of nowhere. You built them. You made them. You decided what to put on, what to show off. Many of you are going to end up being the state's employers for generations to come. And that is good for all of us. We're in the capital though today because it's not only about the lieutenant governors. It's also about your state legislators, to whom you will speak and advocate today about Wisconsin's technical college system. I would say that Wisconsin's technical college system rivals any educational system of higher learning around the globe. Our motto as a state is forward. You're going to see it all over the state flags you pass as you go into these legislative offices. Remind your legislators and yourselves that that's exactly what you're doing every single day. Thank you for what you've done and thank you for what I know you will do for Wisconsin's great economy moving us all forward.