This is Amit Dan of amitdan.com. Today I'll have another episode of unboxing and review video and I'll be opening the Amazon Echo Show 5 which you are looking at right here. So in the past I have reviewed Echo Dot 2nd and 3rd generation which I have right here. So the Echo Show 5 is not actually the later version of Echo Dot 2nd and 3rd generation. So basically the Echo Show 5. The named 5 comes from it has 5.5 inch. So basically this device just takes you know Alexa beyond these devices which do not have any visual screen. So you'll be able to see some of the comments on the screen and also you'll be able to you know watch movies and TV shows from Amazon Prime and when you're listening to songs or radio stations or audiobooks then you'll have also visualization. And then you can also personalize by choosing a favorite clock face or you know photo album from Amazon Photos and create routines and alarms and everything is going to be appeared on the screen. So this is basically is giving you more visual and if you have a smart home devices then you'll be able to you know see your front door or your camera via this device. So I'll just you know unbox this first and then I'll go through the setup process. So let's start with unboxing. I took out everything from the box and the box is empty right here. So basically this is what comes inside the box. So we have the device right here and then we have a power plug and power cable. So which is right here. So looks like you know this is not any USB-C or micro USB cable. This is just a dedicated power cable which will hook into the device. And then we have an EcoShow brochure or instruction manual. It just tells you like you know what to do or how to plug in the EcoShow. And then we have here looks like there's another brochure but this is in French. So we have both English and French version for Canadian. And then basically that's all we have here. So I'm going to just remove this you know plastic wrapper here. This is the device right here.  So I have a 6 inch phone right here and if you're if you want to compare then you can see that you know this is actually even bigger. I'm smaller than my phone because my phone is bigger than this Eco device which you can see right here. Okay and then let's look at the device here. So we have the power button right here and plus and minus. This looks like you know this look like to control the volume. And then we have a physical button which to cover the camera. So if you don't if you're on privacy and if you don't want Alexa to see then you can just you know slide it to the right and it's going to cover the camera. And then we have a two mic right here and then on the other side here basically we have not much and this could be the you know speaker. And then here we have okay so it looks like there's one button for power in and another one for audio out. You can connect it to a separate speaker which possibly I'll do and there's a USB C sorry micro USB cable but I do not know what is this for. So it could be for like you know upgrade or something later on but this is not to power the device.  So let's wait and just go through the process. It's going to appear or show right here. So that's another advantage you have when you're sitting up these instead of you know the non-skin version. It's going to be much easier here because you can see everything here. Okay so it's just getting information. So you can see that you know there's the progress bar and it's probably one okay so you just show it up to the next level. So we're going to choose English Canada. Okay so it's searching for network so we're just going to choose our network and it's going to ask to enter the password which we'll do right now. Okay so right now it's trying to connect and let's see what happens. Okay so it's just asking for you know Amazon account information and I'll just you know input that. Just registering the device and loading the device and let's see how long it takes. Okay so your echo show is now registered to me and agreeing the terms and conditions continue. So time zone is going to be standard is going to be standard time and then continue. Okay so to keep your devices organized place your echo show five in a group. Okay so bedroom living room common groups. Okay so I'm just going to choose here living room. Give it a name. So is echo show five. Let's put in five. That way it will be easier to detect if we buy another version. Okay so echo show five done and continue. Okay so it's asking for updates so let's you know go through the updates. Updating this device. It looks like it's going to take a few minutes so let's just you know wait and and go through the updates. Updating is almost done. So this one has actually screen resolution of 960 by 480. This is not full HD but the advantage is that this is a very tiny screen. So lower or mid-range screen resolution should not be a big problem because you know as you can see that it looks just fine because you know the smaller space and this is not something you're going to be watching a movie or everything so that should be just fine for daily activities. You're going to be using Alexa for so that's not really a big deal to have the slightly lower resolution such as 960 by 480. So basically it's here showing what else you can do. You can actually also use this to make a you know video calls using Alexa. Possibly Skype I haven't checked that yet and then looks like as I install the updates this device will restart twice. Okay so the update has been completed and the start the device is going to restart. So let's wait for that and then I'll go to the next section. Looks like the updating is done and it's just doing a brief video. Hi we're glad you're here. It's time to get you and your Echo Show 5 off and running. Here are three things to try first. Number one use your voice. You could say something like Alexa play happy music. Okay here's a station you might like. So just showing you know what you can do with Alexa. Try using the touchscreen. So I'm going to just let it play because it's just some information. Choose your perfect clock face to get started. This is just the beginning of things you can do with your Echo Show 5. For more things to try just ask Alexa what can I say. Welcome to your new Echo Show 5. This device is ready. Okay so by default you know this is just playing a clock face with the weather and the date which is not bad. So let's take a look here. So here are some settings we have and if we do from left to right then looks like you know it has some more settings and let's just try video and most likely it's going to pull up video from prime video. So that's what it did and I do have a prime membership. So it's just like you know we'll show video from prime video. So let's go back to home and basically that's the setup for Echo 5 or I'm sorry Echo Show 5 and if you actually close the camera which is right here then you can see that you know there's a message mentioning camera shutter closed. The camera will be off until you open the camera shutter. So that's an additional you know privacy feature Amazon added. So just keep it up. The settings has Bluetooth network home and clock. So if we do home and clock then it has night mode and basically you know it can switch to night mode and it will show a dim you know version of the clock at night and you can actually change the schedule to do this. So it has looks like you know lots of features which I'm going to have to go through and I'm going to have to you know check everything out. But this is the main basic setup of Echo Show 5 and I'm hoping to do more video with the tips and tricks once I like you know get used to the device and I learn more and I you know get some insights into some of the stops stuff this device can do. So that's all for today. Thank you for watching this video. Forget about subscribing this channel. Forget about liking this video. There'll be more videos coming up. So I'll see you shortly.


Any questions from the homework? That's going to be a little loud. That's what I kind of implied. Absolutely, Nicole. I would love to. So lesson four. Which one, kiddo? Number eleven. This one here? Good, because I think I like this question. I think I like this question. I think I like this question. It says, draw the force diagrams. Well, I'm going to draw the obvious, easy one first. What are the forces acting on this? Get the obvious ones. Nicole, what are the forces acting on this one? Get the obvious one. Big M, G. What else? Yeah, that's cool. What are the forces here? Well, here I would have little M, G, and I would have a normal force. Do I have friction? The question seems to suggest low friction. I think low friction means no friction. What about this force right here? I know there has to be one, because it's moving in a circle, which means the net force must be towards the middle. Sorry? Absolutely. In fact, that's the force diagram. It says B, find the chord tension. Well, you know what? Tension equals what's moving me in a circle. It has to be. Tension equals M. I'm either going to use V squared over R, or 4 pi squared R over T squared. Let's see, they gave me ah. Wait a minute. I don't know V. Do I? I don't know the period. Do I? Rats. Wait a minute. I have this equation here. I have this mass here. Maybe I can find tension by looking at this mass here. Let's see. Looking at this mass, I'm winning. Wait a minute. It's a tie, isn't it? Looking at this mass here, here's how I can find tension. I'm not going to do this. I'm going to say it turns out tension must be exactly equal to that, because they're in balance. Is that okay? Ooh, I like.  Turns out the tension is exactly 24.5 newtons. I started out wrong, but I didn't panic when I said, well, they didn't give me the information that I need as a good physics nerd, then I'll ask, what did they give me? Hey, there's a T in my other diagram. Why don't I go look at the other diagram? Now, I bet you I'm going to use this tension to find the V or the period that I couldn't find that I didn't have before. Let's see. Part C says find the speed. Now I'm going to start out by saying tension is also FC 24.5 equals MV squared over R. Is that okay, Nicole? Do I know R? Yeah, do I know the little mass? I think it's 1, as a matter of fact, which is really nice. So I think it's going to be times by R in square root, and that should give me the velocity. Nice little twist. I guess it also means this. Nicole, if this car somehow had a motor and sped up, went faster, it would start lifting this guy up, because it would want to... It's inertia would want to make it go in a straight line, so it would need a greater force to pull it inwards, so tension would get bigger, so tension would now be a winner, and MG would accelerate upwards. Right? If this car slowed down, it wouldn't need as big a tension. This would drop down and accelerate downwards. Makes sense to me now that I think about it. Any others, either from two days ago or last day's homework on orbits? Yeah. From last day? Less than four still? Absolutely. I like number eight. I like number eight. Number eight is a nice question. Now, there's two parts to number eight. The first part drives me crazy because kids keep forgetting it, even though I've tried to emphasize it. When I say gravitational field, they think, oh, that's that. It's not. Gravitational field is symbolized by a lowercase g, which on the earth is how big, by the way, Nicole? 9.8. What about an outer spin? Well, we said you can calculate it, and this is not on your formula sheet. You can derive the equation, Joel, by recognizing that's gravity, yes, the force of gravity, but also that's the universal force of gravity, yes? You may notice, Joel, that the mass is canceled, and you end up with, this is your equation for little g. This is how you can calculate little g. So it's going to be big g, big m over r squared, where big g is 6.67 times 10 to the negative 11, that Newton's universal gravitational constant. M is earth, yes, masses of the earth, 5.98 times 10 to the 24 divided by, and the radius, I got to be careful, they gave me above the earth, oh no, they gave me the distance from the center after all, but what's it measured in? 8, 8, sorry, 8, 3, 8, 0 times 1,000, that now it's into meters squared. I'm going to ask you a gravitational field question. What you need to recognize is gravitational field, Nicole, is as soon as we leave any earth and travel out any distance. And I would, by the way, have no problem, for example, telling you the gravitational field and saying how heavy is the planet that we're on, if you knew the radius of the planet, that would work just fine, or telling you the gravitational field, telling you we're outside the earth, how far from the earth center. We're outside as well. Okay. Any others? Orbits? Okay. Did you get A? Okay. If it's geosynchronous, it stays above the earth, how long to take the earth to go around once? No, not to go around the sun. How long to take the earth to go around once? More specific in time, please. 24 hours change that to seconds. Okay. All geosynchronous satellites, and any satellite TV dish, any GPS satellite, many satellites are geosynchronous. They have to stay above the same place so that your satellite dish knows exactly where to point always. They have a period of 24 hours. They have a period of 8,600, sorry, 8,6,400 seconds. Okay. Now that you know the period, then you can do B. Let's see. And yeah, they all have the same radius as well, by the way. B is going to be gravity equals circular.  I know to use this one because they gave me the period in part A. Does an R cancel? No. Because one's on the top and two are on the bottom. In fact, if I get the R, and they want me to find the radius, if I get the R by itself, I'm going to end up with an R cubed over here. A T squared over here. Hey, the M's cancel and a 4 pi squared. I'm going to end up with this. R cubed equals big G, big M, T squared over 4 pi squared. How do you get rid of a cubed, Vanna? Route 3? Or we like to say cube root. Third root. It's going to be that. I'm assuming. Try that on your calculator. I totally like that question. Absolutely is going to be a question where I give you the period and say find the radius. In this case, you have to derive the period by clueing in it was 24 hours, but I have no problem just giving you a period and saying, okay, if you want the satellite to rotate around the Earth every five hours, figure out how many seconds that is, and okay, how high does the US military have to put it if they want to spy on you every five hours. Would the US military want satellites to go around the Earth in a shorter period or a bigger period? I think it depends.  Probably. But then they probably have a bunch that rotate around the Earth every three or four hours as well, because that would give you, you have them so that they overlap so that when one was vanishing off the horizon, another one was coming into view, hopefully. Because the US likes to spy on people. Although I'm sure we would too if we had the capability and the technology. I don't know if we have any spy satellites though, they're pretty pricey. Is that okay for you? Any others? Yeah. Number ten. Sure. Nicole, this ties in with yours. Here I gave them the gravitational field strength. Okay. I told you that G is equal to this. Yes? I gave you that it was 8.75. You know the mass of the Earth? Could you find your orbital radius at this point in time? Okay. So you find r. And now they want how fast?  Conveniently the mass cancels and one of the r's cancels and now you can find v squared. Does that make sense? I'll try it. Or did you try that and not get succeed? Gravitational field. This is one of my big peeps because I keep repeating myself and I'll do the same thing next block as well. Gravitational field strength is that just because it's not on your formula sheet, people are like, I don't need to know. You do need to know that it's that and I've showed you now how you can I don't have it on this page, how you can derive it. It pops out of the gravitational formula by cluing in all the masses cancels and the other big expression must be the acceleration, which is g. Is that okay? Yep. Any others? I would argue that the next two lessons would rank among the top five in terms of difficulty. So pay attention for the whole year. Don't wrinkle your lip. It also means it's nerdily cool. Okay? But because you don't have... How many of you in calculus? Okay. Calculus at the end of this I can give you a way better explanation for what I'm about to tell you but because you don't have calculus, I'm going to those of you that don't have calculus, there's a negative that's going to show up. I'm going to give you a lousy explanation. Calculus the answer would be when you take the derivative you get a negative but I can't really tell them that. So let's start. What we're going to look at today. Last day we looked at the math of what happens once you're in orbit. Maybe I just secretly don't want you to learn. Maybe it's a subconscious like I want to increase your level of difficulty and make it tougher for you. You know what it is really. It's what I'm counting. There's someone that I just miss all the time. I won't mention any names. Okay. I didn't say anything. Why would you assume? People online are going, what's going on? Last day we looked at what's going on once you're in orbit. Once you're up there if you want to achieve a stable orbit, gravity equals a particular motion. Hey, the mass is canceled. Today what we're going to ask is how much energy does it take to get up there? And it's a big issue because first of all you're having to go through a tremendous height that's a lot of potential energy. Where does that potential energy come from? The fuel. Oh, but it's not just like we want to lift you up there and have you stand still once you're up there then Joel we have to give you just the right velocity.  Where does that kinetic energy come from? The fuel. There's a reason that it's so expensive to put satellites up there. There's a reason that really only countries or multinational corporations can put a satellite up there. There's a reason why we don't say in here in pit meadows, hey let's do a satellite project and put one into orbit. It's not the technology of building the satellite. We could probably build like a little radio beacon for a couple of thousand dollars and it would probably last for a few years. We wouldn't power it through nuclear power the way most of them are. We'd power it through a solar battery. We'd probably do something like that. It's prohibitively expensive to just get them up there. So the problem is, well you'll see in a second recall the area under a force versus distance graph so if we have a force graph versus distance and I tell you that the force is increasing in a nice straight line like that so the force is getting bigger as distance moves further. You'll remember this is good review. What was that area? What was the area under a force distance versus distance graph? It remembers. And I'm going to add a phrase now Emily the work done on the object. Let's instead of just saying abstract the work let's say it's how much work you did on the object that you're applying the force to the object gained this much energy and usually it was in the form of kinetic energy. Usually it was speeding up. This time it's going to be gaining potential energy because we're going to be pushing it up higher and higher and higher. The problem is this we have to look at the graph of the force of gravity. The force of gravity unfortunately is not a nice linear graph. It's got exponents in it. If you graph FG versus R so you're moving further and further and further and further away from the Earth. When you're close to the Earth it's at its maximum but as you move further and further and further away what happens to the force of gravity? Does it get bigger or does it get smaller? In fact it looks like this. Those of you in Math 12 look up for one second when you're done copying that. It's the reciprocal of a parabola. It's the reciprocal of R squared. So remember Math 12, those of you that are in Math 12, the reciprocal graph. Zeros become asymptotes. Bigger becomes smaller. So as the parabola graph gets bigger and bigger the reciprocal graph is going to get smaller and smaller. As the parabola graph gets closer to zero the reciprocal graph shoots off to infinity. Those of you that are not in Math 12, whatever. It looks like that. We actually experience that big a force of gravity right there on the surface of the Earth. And then as you move further and further and further away essentially gravity gets weaker and weaker. What would the force of gravity be out here at infinity? And yeah, calculus students I'm sort of taking the limit but you're wondering about that. What would this eventually get closer and closer and closer to? Zero. We would say out of infinity you're so far away from any planets there you can float forever.  And it's kind of an abstract concept I realize but those of you that are in calculus get the limit. Consider the following. So here's the force of gravity. Here's your separation distance R. Here's our little sketch. Let's suppose we wanted to lift off from some planet and reach a certain height and say a significant height not like 30 meters where G hasn't changed. Not even like Mount Everest height where G has changed maybe on the tenth decimal place but nothing that we can really measure. But let's say several thousand kilometers of height. Several hundred thousand meters of height. Let's suppose we'll call this right here zero. Your initial radius that's the planet's surface. And you'll notice now I'm trying to generalize from the Earth. This could be the moon be Mars. I just have to change the numbers forever but the concept would be the same. And I want to end up way over here at our final. How much work will it take? How much fuel will I need to burn to get the energy to get that high? Joel the answer is this much here. This is compared to lift object from the surface R zero to a big height. Our final. Got a bit of a problem here though. All of the math that you've done in high school nothing has taught you to find the area of a curvy shape. Unless it's a circle and it's not. So we're going to have to cheat just a little bit here. I'm going to do some math that a math prof would kind of scream at me about but that's okay. It'll get us to the right place. Work equals force times distance. So we can say this then the work done against gravity is equal to the force of gravity times and we've been calling the distance the radius because we've been moving in circles. Now this work here because it's a change in height because we're lifting you up and up and up Brett I'm going to argue that it's really the potential energy. It's change in but Katie potential energy.  How many on the bottom? R cancels. Here's what I get. Big G big M little M over R. On Earth potential energy equals MGH and the reason we can use that shortcut is because G doesn't change. The gravitational field is 9.8 and even on top of Mount Everest Breanna it's probably like 9.7999998 close enough. But as soon as you start really going cosmic distances except this isn't quite right. We have to add one more thing. We're going to add it to both of these. Negative and this one here negative and this leads to the obvious question. Connor what's the obvious question? Calculus students it's negative because if you take the derivative of this with respect to R you get the force equation and you get another negative appearing and you want the force equation to be positive. If you're bored Calculus students take DR, DT or whatever. Take the derivative with respect to R. It's R the negative one, the negative one moves to the front, the exponent moves down by one, you get an R the negative two. It's an R squared! Calculus students. Those of us that are in Calculus here's also why it's negative. Here's a physical explanation Brett what did you say earlier? What will the force be out at infinity? Zero. Which means I won't fall. If I can somehow go out to infinity I won't fall because there's no gravity on me. If I can't fall if I can't fall how much potential energy do I have if I can't fall? Think about it. If I can't fall how much potential energy do I have? Zero. Out at infinity you have no zero potential energy. Now here's the question. Do I have to get to infinity to do work? Do I have to burn some energy to get out to infinity? That means Zay that to get there I must have less energy because out there I used up all my energy. What numbers are less than zero? Negative. Let's read this out. It says out at infinity at the end of the universe an object would have zero potential energy since it's not being affected by any gravitational field. Can't fall anywhere. If our height is less than infinity we have less potential energy. What numbers are less than zero? Negative.  I think it's the last equation in this unit so here is our trigger phrase. We often will use the phrase relative to zero at infinity that says use the cosmic potential energy equation with a negative in front. Or it'll just be very clear that we're in outer space. Example one. How much work is done in lifting a 1200 kilogram satellite from the surface of the surface to a height of 1.2 times 10 to the 7th meters. By the way this is where you want to get your calculators out. This is the question I think I mentioned this the other day where I don't bother trying to get stuff by itself. This is the question where you'll be doing the most calculator typing all year. Connor what does this question ask me to find? Now look up I'm going to start out wrong. Normally I would say this wrong. Why is this wrong? Because this assumes the force is never changing as you go further from the planet. What happens to the force of gravity? It changes. Can't use this. If they'd given me a graph and I could find the area I could use the area under a graph have they given me a graph? No. Let me remember what was our third definition of work? Yes it was force times distance, yes it was the area underneath the graph but there was a third definition. It was called the work energy theorem. We've got some change ins. Now read this question carefully. Does it say that we're putting the satellite in a stable orbit or does it say we're just lifting it up there and letting it sit there? I think the fact that it says lifting says we can imagine little visible angels or something they're lifting it up there and they're hanging on to it but it's standing still. You know what that means? It's not moving. It's not a stable orbit.  By the way we wouldn't. We would then also add some kinetic to put into a stable orbit that's going to be coming down later but I'm starting out with a simplified case. How much would it take just to get it to the right height? Katie what's changing anything? Oh don't let me down here. What's changing anything Katie? Nicole help her out and now look at Katie and just smile sadly. Katie what's changing anything? So when I want to find the change in potential can I use MGH or are we cosmic here? We're cosmic we're in outer space so can I use MGH? No no this is where I'm going to use the brand new equation for potential energy which is negative big G big M yeah I made a mistake for a second there little m over r final minus negative big G big M little m over r initial. Change in I'm assuming it's not the masses that are changing the planet's not changing oh it's the radius it's the distance that's changing. By the way what do you notice right here? I got a minus minus which is a plus just keep an eye out that will happen very often anytime you need to change in. Alright let's plug in our numbers here. Work is equal to negative 6.67 times 10 to the negative 11 Andrew that's the Newton's gravitational constant. Big M what planet are we talking about in this question? Earth? 5.98 times 10 to the 24th. You'll notice the little masses don't cancel here that's because although once you're up there it's easy to keep you up there to get you up there the heavier you are the more fuel we have to burn sticks around divided by what's my final radius? Did they give me the orbital radius in this question? Ah no they gave me the height. So I think my final radius is going to be 1.2 times 10 to the 7 plus the radius of the earth. Yes is that okay so far Emily? What's a minus minus the same as? 6.67 times 10 to the negative 11. 5.98 times 10 to the 24th. 1200 and my initial radius it says from the surface of the earth is just going to be 6.38 times 10 to the 6th. I do not try and type this in Matt in one fell swoop but this is where those of you that would have graphing calculators I'll show you a great trick. Those of you that don't if you're able to back edit that's also very useful here's what I'm going to do I'm going to type in the first expression very carefully 6.67 times 10 to the negative 11 times 5.98 times 10 to the 24th times 1200 divided by bracket 1.2 times 10 to the 7th plus 6.38 times 10 to the 6th. I'll double check to make sure I typed this incorrectly. Did I put the negative in?  That first expression works out to 2.60413 times 10 to the 10th. I'll carry some extra sig figs negative Mr. Dewick 6.60413 times 10 to the 10th plus question here's where if you can bring back the previous line on your calculator on the graphing calculators at section function enter you can save yourself a lot of typing because is that the same in the second question? Yeah. Is that the same in the second question? Yeah. Is that the same in the second question? In fact you know what the only difference is I want to get rid of delete, delete, delete, delete delete that 1.2 times 10 to the 7th enter plus 7.50218 type 7.50218 times 10 to the 10th this is how many joules of energy is taking me to lift this satellite from the earth to orbit oh actually this is ignoring air resistance so this is the minimum amount of energy oh and I said into orbit actually I'm not in orbit yet I'm just lifted there and if I let it go it's going to come crashing back down to the earth minus 2.6043 413 Mr. Dewick times 10 to the 10th here's my final answer now I'll do sig figs 4.90 times 10 to the 10th that's a fair bit of energy that's not a real heavy satellite you can try typing this whole thing in in one fell swoop I never do Matt I always type in the first one write it down to like 5 or 6 sig figs and then almost always most numbers are the same anyways so I just delete and edit and change what I need to and there's my second one just be careful minus minus minus plus that was just lifting it up but Kara if you lifted it up and let it go it would fall back down number 2 says how much work is done now we're going to place it in orbit we're going to lift it up that's potential energy but then we're also going to give it just the right kinetic energy so that it can continuously fall towards the earth but at the same time match the curvature of the earth what's this question asking me to find how much what can I go force times distance no can I find the area under a graph it didn't give me one it's going to be that it's lifting it up and holding it there into an orbit oh so you know what I can't assume the kinetics going to be zero fact it can't be zero it's going to be also having some kinetic energy this question is going to have two parts find the change potential find the change in kinetic I like this question I like this question I like this question I like this question John what do you want to find first change potential or change in kinetic I don't care which change potential okay Katie what's changing can I just go MGH final minus MGH initial no because G is changing I have to use my cosmic potential energy equation let's see the change in potential is going to be negative Trevor what's big G 6.67 times 10 to the negative 11 yes that's big M it's mass of the planet and that's my way of saying I see your formula sheet tucked inside the inside cover if I see a little blue sheet there do I not that's not it I want to have it in front yeah there we go what's the mass of the earth okay what's little M Andrew that's the mass of the satellite minus did they give me my final orbital radius or did they give me my final altitude oh they give me the radius I don't need to add the radius of the earth that's nice minus minus which is a plus all right Mr. Duke Mr. Duke do you mind if we do this because the top is identical and we just use ditto marks yeah sure I probably wouldn't on a test but in your homework or on a quiz yeah sure because the only difference here is going to be the bottom oh what's my initial radius why that's the radius of the earth surface which you from your formula sheet is what I think you read that wrong radius of the earth is I don't think it's 6.13 that makes more sense by the way there's a reason I left you a whole page to do this question we're almost halfway done but not quite all right boys and girls try typing this into your calculator my suggestion is do the first one to five sig figs do the second one to five sig figs and then add them up see if you get what I got yeah yeah and I said we're barely halfway done because all we found is the change in potential but what do we say work was equal to at the very very top line change potential Katie plus what kinetic Katie what's changing anything now I've done so much writing by the way usually what I do at this stage is I put a box around this to remind well I need your box in that slightly neater to remind myself I'm going to be using this there's my change potential that's this part Katie now my change in kinetic which is going to be final minus initial on the earth before the rocket launches how fast are we going Mr. Duck yeah technically that's not right okay why technically is that not right are you guys moving right now yes you are really yeah why the earth is spinning okay so you could make and in fact what NASA has found out is the further south you launch closer to the equator you actually get a boost from the earth spin that's why Cape Canaver was built in Florida and not in New York that's why Russia's space program they have to burn way more fuel they don't get that boost because they're further north in fact the best place to build a space launching platform would be on the equator somewhere and they're looking at I've seen a couple of models of building a ship based one that would launch from the ocean on the equator and you could use then the spinning momentum of the earth as some extra kinetic energy boost but since that changes depending on what latitude we're on once again we're going to say in our idealized physics world it's a super standing still okay what is kinetic energy equal to a half little m v squared do I know little m the mass of the satellite yeah do I know v how fast we're traveling in orbit ooh why did I suddenly get my aha and almost caused Kara to wake up can anybody see the guy what is this question really asking me to find v how can I find the orbital speed I'll give you a hint you did it in the homework last day do this big g big m little m over r squared equals m v squared over r yes z mass cancels one of the r's cancels how to get rid of a squared hey wait wait hang on hang on wait a minute wait a minute wait a minute I just saw something Jacob what did I write here I'm going to actually say you know what I don't need v I need that don't I so why don't I just leave the v squared by itself and save myself some square rooting wouldn't that be clever v squared is big g big m over r yay we're halfway done almost the change in kinetic energy is going to be a half m big g big m over r there's a half m v squared by the way Sean that was me being very clever and very lazy to say wait a minute actually technically I don't need v I it's v squared that I want there's a v squared there why square root if I'm just going to square it again on my next line say let's be clever because now it's plug and chug ugly plug and chug lots of calculator work but plug and chug it's going to be a half 6.67 times 10 to the negative 11 massive the earth oh wait a minute I missed the little m didn't I be more careful come on I actually missed the little m first of all that one half suddenly became a little wonky let's try this again make that a two what was the mass of the satellite 975 925 big g big m all over a single solitary r what was the orbital radius 2.6 times 10 to the 7th what's my change in kinetic okay I'm going second function calculator a few times because I just realized I have big g big m little m and r typed in except with the negative in front of them so I can just go delete and then multiply this whole thing by point five so you can save yourself a lot of typing if you know how to use your calculator there's a half little m big g big m over r I get 70952 2500 so 7.0952 times 10 to the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7.0952 times 10 to the 9th 7.0952 times 10 to the 9th joules yo yo I did let's see I did instead of 6.38 good gosh Mr. Duke how much is that going to change things 5.7829 what did I say it was holy smokes 5.8725 this is going to change stuff going to point this out a little sooner there mr 5.7829 it's been going so well I told you though this is as much calculator work as you'll do for one question all year long so 4.3099 Brandon is that better you got a candy for catching the mistake meanwhile there's our change in potential only took us 1 2 3 4 5 lines there's our change in kinetic only took us 1 2 3 4 5 6 lines so none of this was what I wanted to find what was I asked to find Emily at the very very beginning oh the work which we said was change in potential plus change in kinetic change in potential 4.3099 times 10 to the 10th plus change in kinetic 7.0952 times 10 to the 9th alright here it is how much energy to put this satellite into a stable orbit 5.02 now I'll go to 3 sig figs times 10 to the 10th joules I guarantee this question is going to be on your test I'm going to say hey here's the orbital radius how much work you got to find the change in potential Katie was change in anything yeah very good then you got to find the change in kinetic Katie was change in anything oh if you find the change in kinetic you have to go fc equals fg conveniently there's a little shortcut there next page a missile is launched from the surface of the earth but this is a strange missile counter we're going to use all of its fuel on an initial burst and then shut off the engine and coast and we're going to ignore air resistance so that the only force is experiencing is gravity so here's my question as this missile rises what happens to its kinetic energy what happens to its orbital potential energy well what happens to its kinetic energy if you fire the engine then shut it off and you start coasting what's going to happen to your kinetic energy what's going to happen to your potential energy what's the correct answer see escape velocity escape velocity asks a simple question how much work do you need to do to get the potential energy to zero how much work do you need to do to get the potential energy your final potential energy to zero we can solve for escape velocity using conservation of energy conservation of energy said this ignoring heat if we want to escape the earth's gravity in such a mighty burst that we can shut our engine off and coast to the edge of the universe when we reach the edge of the universe what will our final potential energy be what did we say that our final potential energy was out at infinity and what we would like to do Kayla is reach infinity coasting but slowing down coasting but slowing down because gravity is still plugging at you we'd like to time it so well Matt that right when we get to infinity we come to a stop if we come to a stop what will our final kinetic energy be in fact the right hand side of this equation is going to be zero left hand side is going to be a half m v initial squared plus can I use mgh or are we going cosmic space in this question negative big g big m little m over r you know what Brianna since this is negative why don't I plus it over to the zero side and get a nicer equation I'll get this a half m v initial squared equals big g big m little m over r what turns out the escape velocity for a tiny rocket is the same as the escape velocity for the space shuttle and since I'm asking for the escape velocity why don't I get the v by itself how would I move this one half over well having a one half here the same as time zing by what over on this side two and then how do you get rid of a squared turns out the escape velocity needed if we ignore air resistance Caitlyn and on the earth we couldn't but certainly on the moon or most other planets we could because they don't have an atmosphere the escape velocity to leave those planets is equal to two big g big m over r sorry kind of a cool question kind of a neat question I mean one second I'm just trying to plan my attack here I think we're going to pause here I'll finish this part of the lesson next class but for now your homework number one number two number three number eight right now I've assigned one two three and eight nine and ten eleven we'll pause there


In this discussion, we will discuss the discussion question of what does it mean to be a common stockholder? So the common stockholder first we would define it as the owners of a corporation So if we see an essay question like this, we may first want to discuss. Okay What is a corporation briefly compared to other types of legal entities? What is a stockholder? What does it mean to be an owner? So a corporation unlike other legal and other types of entities is a separate legal entity Unlike a partnership or a sole proprietorship. So the corporate structure then differs from the partnership or or a sole proprietor in that we don't just really have a capital account for each individual owner Instead we're going to issue stock and that's going to be one of the huge benefits to a corporation It does have some cons too, but it's one of the general benefits of a corporation is that all these stocks are going to be uniform standardized and then the difference between the owners then is not going to have to be tracked individually by owner But is tracked instead by how many stocks they have how many how many shares they have So what do these shares give the owners of the corporation? We can think of the corporate structure is going to be Like kind of a step removed from say a partnership the general partnership who is acting directly You can think of it almost like a government structure and a democracy meaning We've got the owners that would vote for the board of directors typically and the board of directors would then Hire management which would then run the country run the business So in a similar fashion as we vote for you know people who represent us who then make you know Decisions and hire people to actually make decisions on a government level same You could think of it at that at that level and that therefore we're going to be a step removed You can see that if we're a large corporation and we're investing in a large corporation Especially if we're investing like a mutual fund or something we have ownership through that But we own a very small amount and what does that small amount do then? Obviously, we're not making direct day-to-day decisions in that type of situation What we do have the right of as stockholders is is to vote on stockholder meetings and one of the primary things we can we can vote on is The people representing us the board of directors that are representing there who can then hire management Who then commit hire employees then acting as agents supposedly on behalf of the stockholders Just like the Congress people are supposedly acting on behalf of citizens So that's going to be the we have voting power for for the stock now Clearly if it's a closely held company then it's possible for one individual to have 51% of the voting power And then of course they would have control because they would win any vote. They have 51% Of the shares so if we have less than 51 if we're a very small stakeholder So if we have a few stocks and like Apple or something then it's kind of like us voting for a congressperson or a senator We have a very we have a vote, but it's not a significant in terms of the total still counts, right? So that's going to be one of them the major benefits. We have another benefit We have as a stockholder is that even if we are a small little person little stockholder We don't have a whole lot of stocks. We are entitled to dividends meaning If the corporation decides to give a dividend What that means is they're going to take money out of retained earnings And they're going to give it to the stockholders and you can think of this like if we're a sole proprietorship Clearly we put money into the business. We hope the business will generate revenue We then take that revenue after the business has generated it and give it to ourselves in the format of Draws so that we can then take that money and use it for personal use instead of business use Same thing happens for a corporation Except that we cannot just give a draw to an individual like we would with a partnership and have each partner Decide how much they want as a draw in accordance with certain rules and their partnership capital account In a corporation if we give some of that money back to somebody we have to give it to all stockholders In an even amount So for example, if we were in a situation where one individual has 51% of the stocks and we have one stock Then that that person that has 51% although they have all the power for any vote Cannot go to the corporation and say I want a dividend given to me and my 51 shares I'm voting for that and not give the same proportional dividend to all other stockholders who are owning stock Can't do that because all the stocks are the same and part of the rights of a stock Is that you're gonna get whatever dividend is declared? So what that 51% shareholder could do is is influence and say we're not we're gonna I'm gonna exercise my influence and not basically Provide us a dividend so nobody gets a dividend meaning the corporate will get corporation will just hold on to it Or they can decide how much of a dividend will be given But however much a dividend is given will then need to be given evenly to the stockholders because they're all the same That's the point of the stocks. They're all they're all the same. So having 51. They'll get 51 times however much per stock and us having one stock will get one stock times how much per stock But they all have all stocks have to be the same amount of distribution We also have rights in terms of if there is a liquidation meaning if the corporation goes under if the corporation closes for whatever reason We don't have a lot of control over that if we don't have much stock again on the to say whether they should liquidate or not We can give influence through voting again But if it's determined if they decide the board of directors and management decide to liquidate the company What we do have the right to is an equal distribution of after they sell the assets and pay off the liabilities An equal distribution to however, it's going to be distributed to the rest of the stockholder Meaning again, the 51% stockholder can't take all the revenue and give us even though we have no power and voting rights with our one stock They can't just take all the all the revenue. They have to they have to give it out evenly to all stockholders That's that's the point of the stock. It has to be all even so within revenue revenue and dividends being given out and Liquidation process the distributions need to be the same per stock


The FCC has granted an administrative bill to the Speaker of the United States House of Assembly, Alachun Leolomaw. A correspondent gathered that the Speaker was released around midnight Friday on the condition that a return on Monday would both the Assembly Clerk and the accountant. Leolomaw was arrested on Thursday morning at the Motel-a-Mohamed International Airport in Lagos. The Speaker insisted that the commission should charge the Assembly to court over the allegation.


Data protection is becoming a fundamental component of cybersecurity strategies. As organizations move to the cloud and battle increased threats from ransomware, supply chain attacks, and other threats, backup of recovery is not only the last line of defense, it's increasingly becoming a first principle in cyber recovery strategies. A leading company in this space is Commvault which just reported earnings today. Joining me is Commvault CEO and CUBE alum, Sanjay Merchandani. Sanjay, you guys beat estimates this quarter and ended up the year at 785 million in revenue, up 6% in constant currency over a fiscal year 22. Metallic hit the $100 million ARR mark subscription revenue on the way toward 500 million milestones. So congratulations on the beat. What's happening out there? How much of that beat is very sound forecasting by you guys, strong customer demand, product leadership? Give us the rundown. Good to have you. Good to be here, Dave. Good to see you again. And thanks for having me on the show. Well, you know, the team's been working pretty hard for the past, I would say three years, which is what we sort of mark as the anniversary of metallic, as well as our shift from perpetual licensing to a more subscription, repeatable oriented model. And the results we just announced at the show, both of those coming together are SaaS business getting critical, you know, having critical mass and momentum and our subscription business also sort of getting critical mass and momentum. So the two coming together results in a great Q4. And we've also sort of put out some guidance for the year, which we haven't done in a long time for a full year. And both of those are on the uptick. So we also took advantage of this timeframe and the business is coming to size scale to also recast how we show our financials as a company. So lots going on. Yeah, so before we get into the sort of P&L mechanics, I wanted to ask you, got to ask about the macro. I mean, we're probably sick of talking about it at some point, but the conventional narrative from tech CEOs is deals are taking longer. You know, the bigger deals are getting trimmed down or more approvals required to close deals. How would you characterize the macro environment impact for Commvault relative to that narrative? And how are you dealing with the current climate? You know, we sort of called it out, I would say almost early when we saw it in Q3, the quarter that was the past quarter for us Q4 calendar. And we said, you know, we saw bigger deals getting more scrutiny, taking longer, you know, deal sizes being looked at by customers, a general second and third look. And we quickly, you know, we learned from that. We adjusted. We started looking at our forecast and our pipeline very differently. Our data science models that sort of help us get closer to the number. Also, I mean, sort of we've been relearning them, reteaching them with the current situation. So as we went into Q4, we sort of assumed that Q3 would continue. And as we went into fiscal year 24, which is what we're in the throes of, we kind of assumed that it would, it would not necessarily deteriorate, but it would say about the same. One change we did see between Q3 and Q4 for us was Q3, the Americas for a for Compolt was a little soft. And it, thankfully, we're very happy. It's steady quite nicely in Q4. So, you know, otherwise we kind of called that about four months ago. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I thought I saw in your, in your announcement that the percentage of large deals, you know, was sort of suppressing, shifting toward a broader base. Was that deliberate? Was it a function of the macro? Is it a function of just, you know, the metallic is a different sort of ACV? What's going on there? I parse that out. You know, the large, what we consider large business, which is a hundred K and above, from a transaction point of view, you know, year on year, we saw a little change where the number, the volume was probably not the same with a year before, a little less, but the ASP was higher. So, you know, there was a little, there was a little shift there. Metallic is a definitely a lower ASP on average. And we're just seeing a whole, you know, this is the volume of transactions that metallic is bringing into, into Compolt is at a different scale. Hundreds, hundreds of customers every quarter. And the nice part there is those customers very quickly, a large percentage of those customers, very quickly become Compolt customers too. So, there's that piece. Yeah, I got it. Compolt was founded in the late 1980s. There was no SaaS, there was no cloud. So you had to transition the business from, as you mentioned, as perpetual license model to the SaaS subscription and ARR model. So it'd be useful, I think, for the audience. Talk about the challenges of doing that and how should we think about that transition from the sort of legacy on-prem business and the relationship to the new growth areas and particularly, I'm interested, are you building a cloud platform, a hybrid platform? You talk about a single platform. I wonder if you could explain that a little bit. So, you know, as a company, we're about 27 years old and we're, you know, we've, by the pioneers in data protection, we continue to be the largest public, you know, pure play data protection company. And, you know, we have over 1300 patents. You know, we continue to innovate. Innovations at the heart of what we do and protecting customers' data in a difficult world is the only thing we do. And so if you look back as to what it is that Commvault does, it's about making sure that we're one step ahead of our customers' needs and data protection. And along with that, as the industries evolve from a more classic perpetual way of purchasing, buy one's use forever type of approach to more of a subscription model where you have a much more engaged customer experience to a SaaS model where you let, you know, you land small and then you have, you work with the customer to embrace, adopt and expand. We've made, you know, we've made that shift consciously. And today, perpetual is a declining part of our business while subscription and SaaS, I'll be calling our subscription platform is the growing part of our business.  That's, you know, that's evolution and that's good momentum and that's a leading indicator for our business. The way we, you know, the way we're thinking about it is, I don't want the customer to have to choose between, hey, do I need this to be on-premise or do I need this to be on SaaS and can they work? I want the customer to do it as naturally as possible. If they're starting on-premise and moving to the cloud or they're working with us to get a cloud-based data protection strategy, ransomware protection strategy and saying, oh, but you know, we can also do our on-premise stuff with you. And the beauty is our platform, which we're constantly keeping modern, keeping on the bleeding edge is one platform. In our history, we've only acquired two companies, okay? And that's why we're able to really give a consistent user experience, single pane of glass, not just, we don't just use the term, we mean the term. And a customer can start on-premise with their Oracle workloads. They can then add on Office 365. They can bring ransomware to the table and they get everything on one pane of glass. It's one platform that is extremely modern and can render a software-based experience and appliance-based experience or SaaS-based experience all natively. So that's how we've evolved and the licensing and business models that support those ways of consuming have evolved. So doing that transition as a public company, obviously it requires really clear communications to the street, which I think, you know, again, we'll talk about maybe the, if we get time, the P&L sort of mix, but I think people were really pleased your investors with the transparency you guys shared. But we've seen other companies, I mean, Splunk has clearly struggled with this transition that maybe that's product stuff. Tableau did a pretty good job of it, going from sort of, you know, desktop base, Ellipsky took over and figured out how to get to the cloud. There were little bumps there. Yeah, a company like Klick decided to go private. So it seems, my question is, was it that single platform approach that's allowed you to have a somewhat, I don't want to say seamless, but less rocky than some of the ones I've seen before. Is it more of the communications that you're delivering to the street? What would you attribute that to? You know, I would say that we've been very transparent about our intention and even if there were tough decisions to be made when we decided to, you know, really introduce the subscription model which predated me maybe by a year or so. And at some point people said those were headwinds because of the way revenue recognition worked, et cetera. I said, we knew it was the right thing to do. And we've been very, very transparent with our shareholders, with the investor base saying, this is the transition the industry's in, we have to start doing this now. It's a multi-year transition. And there's no ripped the band-aid situation. And then as SAS became real for us, that was accretive. That was additive to that direction. So I don't know if you messaged it well, but we messaged it consistently. And the platform strategy absolutely underrode our conviction around the direction we were going on the business model. The platform had to support it. And if it didn't, you know, you'd be a tangent between your intention and your capabilities. Thankfully, that was not our situation. It was notable in your data this quarter that 70% of the metallic customers claim a new to Commvault. So my question is, where are you getting them from? Where are you stealing share? You know, this is all new to us. And then off that, you know, very quickly about 40% of those of that customer base also quickly embraces another Commvault software product. So there is that reinforcing, you know, single platform capability that you see in the numbers. You know, we're seeing customers of all sizes. You know, when we started Metallic three plus years ago, you know, we thought like an enterprise company, built an enterprise-grade SaaS data protection capability. And over time, we've seen service providers and partners and marketplaces want to, you know, we have the product available through them. And they're bringing us customers and they're bringing us customers with different profile, a different size, a different ASP, and we've evolved very quickly to, you know, to really move into that. And we'll continue doing that. So we're really excited about that. These are customers that, some of them, not all of them are a new profile of customers in the company. Now, because the shift of ARR and subscriptions, it's obviously vital renewals or, you know, the lifeblood, right? It's like, poor renewals is the killer, silent killer of SaaS companies. So you got to have, you know, good, good retention. You shared some metrics this quarter on net dollar retention. I think it was 107% for subscriptions and metallic. For subscription overall and 125% for metallic. So how should we think about these metrics going forward? How confident are you that these KPIs are sustainable or maybe it could even be improved? Well, you know, we took our time to get into the details at this level and these metrics are more or less the ones that we're going to keep sharing some quarterly, some annually, as it makes sense. We have a good degree of confidence now that the business, we've had the SaaS business for three years and really the subscription journey has been on a little longer than that. And given it's almost 50% of our ARR, we feel that it's a good time to, and it's also, we have a good ability to predict the business. So we felt good about it. You know, there's no guarantee but we feel pretty good about where we headed. And I think we feel that we could now give an annual guidance. We haven't given annual guidance for a few years. We've been giving quarterly guidance and we gave a two-year perspective a couple of years ago. And, you know, we feel our technology and our go-to-market ability allows us to do that. So they're very positive about it.  So is that fair that you feel sort of, maybe more confident than most about your visibility? Is that more business- It's a few things, it's a few things. It's, where's the platform? Where is our ability to deliver what we're promising? And we feel very good about that. Where is our go-to-market capabilities? We've spent three years really building up where the SaaS product is when Metallic is now and as many years, if not more, really getting our subscription motion in place. We've had a couple of, you know, two to three years of renewal capabilities and know what that looks like and sort of the predictability around that. And let's be, you know, the most important thing, what we do matters to customers. You know, with the rise in ransomware, with the rise of, you know, cyber breaches, what we do from a protection point of view is actually front-room stuff, boardroom stuff. And we believe that if you look at that, if you look at the business model that we've put ourselves, you know, the paces, put ourselves through the paces with, the platform itself and our go-to-market readiness, you know, we felt, you know, giving a forecast for the next couple of 12 months was, was probably doable. Is doable. I got a couple more questions before I let you go. There's a lot of talk, hot topic right now about cloud optimization. We've seen slower hyper scale growth rates. I just wrote a piece, don't be fooled by that. You know, but customers are dialing down consumption. My question is, are you shielded from that because you're in such high growth mode with your metallic business? And if so, specifically, I presume your customers are asking you to help them save costs as well. So how are you helping customers optimize cost? So, Dave, I don't know if it's so much about consumption. You know, we help customers, customers consume. And I'd say we probably, you know, we trail a little bit from some of the numbers the hyperscalers put out because customers have already committed and we help customers consume what they've committed as part of that, you know, their agreements. And so, I mean, a data point in the, you know, we've, we think conservatively we've helped customers move over 3.5 exabytes of data into the public cloud. That's a big number, okay? And we're helping customers do that. So as much as, you know, there's this scrutiny right now about, you know, whether the cloud is slowing down, there are still commitments that have been made, agreements that have been signed, and we're helping with our partners to get customers to take advantage of that, value out of that. And we think that's going to continue for a long time. Are you saying that you basically, your customers are using their credits on maybe their savings plans and applying them? So they're basically shifting, and this is the premise that we put forth last week in our breaking analysis is that it's just a shifting of priorities and you're saying you're one of those priorities to help them get into the cloud. Because one of the reasons you might see, you know, one of the reasons that customers may be slowing down is because they're actually taking a step back and saying, hey, what have we committed to? What's already been, you know, in the books that we could utilize better, smarter, and cloud commitments are one of those. And, you know, we're there as part of their strategy to help them with data protection and cloud is part of it. So that is one way that we work with them to really make sure they get advanced to what they've committed to. Yeah, interesting. All right, I'm going to end where I started. You said in the earnings call today that the worlds of data protection and security are blurring. What do you mean by that? And how does it inform your strategy?  Do you see it as an adjacency? How should we think about that? Hey, Mike, if my data protection platform didn't keep you safe over the past three, four, five years, we didn't do our job. It's implicit, sticking, you know, sticking a security moniker on your tagline or your company name doesn't make you more secure. It's implicit by design. We have, you know, we have customers who use us every single day to recover from ransomware, to recover from natural disasters, to recover from insider issues.  And the infrastructure guys have to go find a backup. And there's what I call IT collision. And then this policy, do we pay ransom? What does that mean? Who do we need to involve? It becomes very complicated. It's not as cut and dry as all process would have you believe. So, you know, we have to make sure, and we believe this is our responsibility as a data protection company, is to really make sure that the technology we bring to our customers makes their lives easier. So if it means integrating with Microsoft Sentin or CyberArk, you know, we want to make sure that's happening, that's implicit. So they don't have to. We brought technology to market through an acquisition we made. Trapex was the company we bought. The technology is called Threatwise. It's an early warning signal, both for your production environments and for your backup environments to say, hey, read the signal, something's going on.  It's implicit. I'm not going to just stick a security moniker onto something and say, we're a bit more secure. We make our customers more secure. Our products be for themselves, Dave. Well, Sanjay, you are a rare breed in that, you know, most typically CIOs don't become CEOs, although your second one in a couple of weeks, Mike Capone from CLIC was the former CIO. Of course, Michael Capella, you know, remember him. I do? Maybe it's a trend. There's some momentum going on. Sanjay Marchandani, thanks so much for coming to theCUBE. Congratulations on your quarter and look forward to seeing you in the future. Thanks for having me there. All right. And thank you for watching. This is Dave Vellante for theCUBE and we'll see you next time.