Party three, two, one, and we are live. Welcome everybody back to the Segal talks here from the Martin E. Segal Theatre Center at the Graduate Center CUNY in New York City. It's a springtime. It's a springtime. People are out in New York perhaps in bigger numbers that it might be save or not, but still be in the middle of a crisis. As we all know, the epicenter is in New York State. In the world at the moment with people infected people dying. Everything is closed theaters restaurants businesses is an unprecedented situation and for many many weeks theater artists have now stayed at home confined it's against every instinct of a theater maker. To stay at home to not work in space to not communicate with other people one of the great things about theater is that humans talk to each other have a deadline to present something come to agreements and try to create meaning to represent something symbolically with imagination and as a presentation of what might be real or what is what is real like Kara Martin would say the theater of the real and theater always has wrestled with this. I don't know whether it was bright or other what is real what is reality how do we face it how do we change it. And now it's a time where we really think about what we are doing because we can do what we normally do is like fasting where you think about food. And we have had voices from all around the world from Haiti yesterday, he registered junior from Germany from Belgium from Egypt, Lebanon, Hong Kong, Italy, and light goes on and on and all the artists we invited tell us about their situation is very special the way we experiences is one way of experience it but everybody doesn't. We really have to listen to voices of artists, even so I seem to be talking a lot now, but they are the one who are on the right side of justice of social justice of social progress. And we really should listen to them and what they hear what they feel and what they engage in their lives with us we have the great Jalila Bakar from Tunisia welcome Jalila. And she is a great writer in director, she many think she is the leading writer from the Arab world the most significant one on par with us a lot of news, who is no longer with us but whose place we also published like the ones we with Jalila Bakar and so it's a great pleasure and an honor for us to have her with us so again thank you so much translating is Amanda, again, who is a student and a PhD student of literature in the US at Harvard University, who participated in our Caribbean playwright exchange last year so also Amanda welcome and thanks for helping us out. So just to start Jalila, where are you right now what time is it. I'm in Tunisia. I'm at home in my apartment with my husband, my wife and my daughter, and my daughter, and she is 17 hours in Tunisia right now, and I'm in a lot of confinement. I have a full lockdown here in my apartment in Tunis. It's 5pm, and I'm here with my husband, and my daughter, and my dog. What neighborhood in Tunis do you live? Not completely in the downtown but in a neighborhood on the outskirts but very close to the center. How is the situation in Tunis? How is the mood on the street, the atmosphere? I looked up a couple of statistics so that it would be clear for you. So here in Tunis we have 975 cases. 279 have been cured. 17 are on life support. 77 are hospitalized. So 563 approximately are being followed at home. And 40 deaths. We've been on lockdown since around the 19th of March. Since the 20th of March, there's been a curfew. And then from Monday to Friday, that is the 4th of May, we start the lockdown, but step by step. So starting on the 4th of May, they're going to begin to lift the lockdown, but only in stages. So of course in Tunis, like in all the other cities in the country and all the other regions in the country, Tunisians are very worried. It's like all the other cities in the world and all the other places in the world, every man and woman is sort of confronting the virus in some senses in the same way. And this is really where we get back to what is human. I think the anxiety is the same. The questions that we're asking ourselves are the same. Yeah, the worry is the same. And the hope is also the same. The numbers seem relatively low. Do you have a feeling the virus has already arrived or do you think the big wave is still coming? Yeah, do you think there's a wave coming because the numbers don't seem to be measured? Do you think the peak will arrive? After the specialists, there might have been a week, but it didn't happen. There was a week or a dozen days ago, but it didn't happen. But maybe what they're telling us today in the press conference that was given is that there is another wave that could happen. And in this case, we come back to the general lockdown. So it's been about a week, they've been waiting for a peak. According to the specialist, it was supposed to arrive and that hasn't quite happened. But according to the press conference that was given today, there's a possibility that another wave would arrive sometime later. And in that case, they would go back to lockdown. Yesterday, many states in the United States made wearing a mask obligatory. How is the situation on the street? Do people go out during the day? Can they? In France, you have to sign a paper. So how is it in Tunis? Yes, so since yesterday, wearing a mask is mandatory in the United States in some places. And how, at home, in the street, can people go out or how? That is to say, yes, people can go out to go run errands. There are special authorizations for people who work and who have to work.  There's special authorization for people who need to move about in order to do their jobs. But of course, the lockdown is not the same for everyone. And so it's not the same in every neighborhood. Social inequities have only been made more clear by the situation. That is to say, for everyone, there should be the usual barriers, the barriers, that is to say, staying at one and a half meters from each other, wearing a mask. I know that this has been the case several times a day, but people are afraid. Yes, they try to do it, but when they are forced to go to the post to look for a mandate, it's not always possible. And then, sorry. Everyone knows that they should be respecting the types of precautions to stay two meters apart, to wear a mask, to wash their hands multiple times a day. And so the people who are able to are doing that, however, in many cases, for example, if you have to go to the post office to get a money order and it's absolutely necessary for your survival, there's no way to manage that. And then when you are confined in a villa with a garden or in a large apartment, it's a thing. But when you are confined in, I don't know, 20 square meters or 30 square meters, 3 or 4 or more, it becomes problematic. And then culturally, in some neighborhoods, people live socially, they live more together. That is to say, the neighbors, there are social relationships that are quite different in some neighborhoods. And there, the confinement is very, very, very hard to follow. So of course, it's one thing if you're in a villa with a big garden or in a beautifully aerated apartment. But if you're living in 20 or 30 square meters with three people or four people or more, you know, some of those things are impossible to do. And then in some neighborhoods, the social relationships are very different. So people are more used to living in close proximity and having contact with their neighbors. So it's a very different story there. Jalila, for decades, you have been an artist whose work is socially engaged, politically engaged, but also through your work and play, writing on a wonderful artistic and aesthetic quality. As an artist, how do you experience the moment? I think that this pandemic is like putting the counter zero. So in some neighborhoods, it's like putting the counter zero. It's like putting the counter zero. It's like putting the counter zero. It's as if we put the counters to zero, practically.  I feel like the pandemic has sort of turned the dial all the way back to zero. So that in the terrible anxiety in which everyone is living, we're all obliged to start asking ourselves again the really fundamental questions. Everything is brought back into question. The other becomes a little danger. Being separated from loved ones. For about two months I haven't seen any members of my extended family, brothers, nieces, anyone. So we're asking ourselves existential questions about what it means to be human in terms of theater. It's about the future. What is that art going to be in the future? So there's no clear answer to that question. Obviously we're all thinking about it, going around in circles. I cook a lot. I spend a lot of time in the kitchen. And reflection right now is perhaps more important than writing or practice. You talked about essential questions. What questions do you have and are you finding new answers? The question is really about the future of certain arts. Because once you asked me a question about the future of theater. I think that the dance or the theater, the dance is not just a movement. The theater is not just a word or text. It's a core-to-core. And the core-to-core is back in question now. So the questions are really about the future of not only theatrical art but some other arts. Someone once asked me about the future of the theater. And I think that just like dance is not only movement and theater is not only language. Both of them are about body-to-body presence and body-to-body contact. And if that's not possible, what is that going to be? So there are questions also of space and time that are becoming very different. So space, especially in this moment where everyone is stuck in one space. And then time, which is in some cases feeling like it's stretching out. It is going extremely quickly. The question of isolation and existential questions about what it means to be a human being. About the limits of science, these questions that probably everyone is asking themselves. There are also questions about freedom, individual freedom, freedom to circulate. So we're brought to question also individual freedoms, the freedom of movement. For example, borders are closing and even within a same country from region to region, movement is being limited. So the question of individual freedom has also become very important. And then social problems, social problems. For example, in Tunisia, the violence made by women has been multiplied by four or five in recent times. So we can't not be listening to all of this, the economic problems that many people have already lost. Already, Tunisia had a lot of economic problems before the pandemic. But today it becomes very serious. So social problems as well. The rate of violence against women has multiplied by four or five times since this started. So one cannot possibly ignore that and then also economic questions. So Tunisia had quite a difficult economic situation before the pandemic and now with so many people having lost or risking to lose their jobs. That becomes essential as well. In terms of unemployment, there's this moment right now and how we're getting through the pandemic, but the future also risks to be quite difficult in terms of unemployment. All these reflections that we share, I think, and that there are no borders like this pandemic.  So these are the thoughts and the questions that we're dealing with now. Yes, so these are questions that they don't have any borders just like the pandemic. They affect all genders, all creeds, all races, all bank accounts that these types of anxieties with differences. But we're living more or less the same anxieties everywhere right now. Jalila, I think creating theater in Tunisia already has been complicated if I understood right, the uprisings on the street, the political situation. Will this make it more complicated to make theater? If you understand well, it's always been difficult to make theater in Tunisia, there are ups and downs, political ups and downs. So is it going to become even more difficult depending on the current situation? It hasn't been very difficult to make theater. I'm not talking about the quality of theater, but there are a lot of troops and the cultural action is quite interesting in Tunisia. Of course, we lived in 2011 the Tunisian revolution, the beginning of this wave of revolution in the Arab countries that started in Tunisia. We managed to work and there was a rather dense production. It wasn't actually that difficult to make theater in Tunisia. Of course, the quality could vary, but there were lots of troops that were active in a very vibrant cultural scene. And of course in 2011 there was the Tunisian revolution, the beginning of this wave of uprisings of the Arab Spring but which started in Tunisia. However, they were still able to work and get on with it. So of course now making theater seems to be impossible, all cultural spaces are closed and especially it's quite critical as this moment, the beginning of Ramadan and then moving into the summer are the seasons when artists work the most. But there is an impossibility to give representation, so we go out to the summer. If all the spaces are closed there's no possibility of putting anything on, so everyone is unemployed. The 2011 uprising that was the beginning of the Arab Spring, was your theater involved? Was it also close theater like now or were there performances on the street? What happened in 2011? What was the political situation like in 2011? Since 2011, right? In 2011. In 2011, yes, during the first years of course, but not for a long time we closed the theater. We had a room in the city center because there was still a firecracker, but when there was the firecracker we didn't play, but after the theaters were open and we continued to work normally. So the theaters did close but for not very long, only from the period about beginning to middle through the end of January of that year because there was a curfew. Their downtown theater did have to close, but after that everything reopened and then they could go back to work more or less normally. That is to say, the moments we stopped working were when there were terrorist attacks, when we were forced to close for three days when there was a national debt, but we continued to produce. And in our family production company, and then when Fadel Jaibi, my husband, was appointed director of the National Theater, we created two shows for this theater. So the only times that they really had to stop working were when there would be a terrorist attack, and then for two to three days they would close and stop work for the period of national mourning. But after that they would go back to work and they produced several pieces with the family production company, and then when Fadel Jaibi was made director of the National Theater, they then made work through that theater. So the last play that I was in, I was an actress, not the writer. It was a production done by family productions and directed by my daughter, Asya Jaibi, where I was just an actress, not anything else. So really a family production with your husband and your daughter and yourself. But what is interesting, maybe when there was a fire cover, for example during the revolution or even afterwards for some people, it is not the same, it is the fire cover as today, but it does not look like the fire cover before, because the anxiety is not the same. And the fear is not the same. And then before we were able to close the door, stay at home, but we knew that the next day we could get out of trouble. Today it's quite different. And that's why it's a really unprecedented period that we live in. It's interesting that before when there would be a curfew, everyone would stay inside for a few days, but it would happen with the knowledge that one would be able to get out within a day or two, go back to work, things would return to normal. And in this curfew, the situation in a sense is the same, everyone has to stay inside, but there's no, the anxiety and the fear are not at all the same, there's no sense of when things will return. I'm going to come back to the question from Franck earlier, what we had, we continued to work after the revolution, that is to say, we gave representations, but for me, for example, I didn't manage to write a line before more than a year. I wanted to go back to Franck's question about what happened after the revolution and so we continued to put on productions, but for example I was not able to write a single line for about a year. There were artists who managed to follow the moment, that is to say photographers, filmmakers, poets, but for some people, like the theater, they had to take distance to be able to create and be able to present and give their performances. So there were artists who were able to kind of capture and move with the moment, photographers, cinematographers, filmmakers, illustrators, but for other artists, like theater artists, we had to take a step back and let some time pass in order to be able to integrate those events into our art. Today, things are quite different because it's not, we don't know what tomorrow will be like and that's the biggest problem, that is to say, no one can answer to any question. Today things are completely different because nobody knows what tomorrow will be made of, so absolutely no one can respond to any question really, that's the major difference. I don't really have any clear answers, but perhaps it would be best to try to find a new way to communicate a new way to put work out there, but I don't really have any clear sense of what that would be. Did your work, your theater work, change fundamentally after the 2011 revolution? Do you think your theater work will change after Corona? I don't work alone, I work with Favell and mainly, and we have continued to work in the same way, that is to say we work a lot on, we work in the team, we work a lot with the comedians, we work a lot on improvisation and we work on the themes of the Tunisian society, not that we propose the Tunisian society, the aspirations, we do what we call a citizen theater, that is to say we are very, very close to the Tunisian problems, so after the revolution nothing has changed for our way of working. I work with my husband Fadell and with many others and we work a lot with actors, we work with improvisation and we continue working very much in the same way, we consider it to be a citizen theater, so we work on themes that are sort of offered to us by Tunisian society, the fears, the hopes, the realities and so that no, did not change. So we did three productions after the revolution, the first one was produced by Fadell, by Fadell, by Fadell, by Fadell, by Fadell, by Fadell, by Fadell, by Fadell, by Fadell. And so three productions, one under the umbrella of familial and two with the National theater. The first one, which was Tsunami, which was translated and published by you, Frank, I think. Marvin Karlson who did the translation edited the book and also as a great supporter for our talking series we wanted to thank, yes, we published the trilogy of future memory and I think Abil Sherney was a co translator. Okay, so yeah the first one tsunami was the one that chronicled the kind of wave of uprising of that first period. And the second spectacle, it's called violence. So the second one is called violence. And it talks about the rise of violence in the Tunisian society of pre-revolution. So it talks about the rise of violence in post-revolutionary Tunisian society. And the third play now that's very indicative is called fear. So that one is about a group of hikers who get trapped during a sandstorm. Inside of an abandoned hospital and they can't leave, so they're locked in there together. And that one was produced two years ago. An incredible image almost like now we are all in hospitals, a sandstorm is going on and we are on our own. There we are all isolated. For today, there are reflections when I say, but does it make a theater? How are we going to find ourselves on stage? How? Because the theater is not just... There are the relationships between the artists themselves, between the artists and the technicians. But the main relationship is with the audience. If it becomes a virtual art, it doesn't look like a theater anymore. It would become something else. The senses are completely banned from the virtual. The virtual is not the reality. The theater is this relationship. And as I said earlier, the theater is still connected. That's really a question now. If all theater becomes virtual, then the essence of the art is completely gone. Because it's not only the relationship of actors to one another, of actors and technicians, but of course the essential relationship of an actor to a live audience and the body to body presence. And so if that's no longer possible, then that's kind of the end of that particular art. Yeah, it will be interesting what a new trilogy of the future memory might be a couple of years after COVID, if you decide to write it. How is your government supporting artists? How is your production company, Familia, supported? What situation are you in? Yeah, so does the government support you? Do you receive any support from the government for your production company or others? In fact, in Tunisia, since before the revolution, now there are hundreds of independent troops. Well, a hundred really works. There are today 25 dramatic centers all over the country. There is the National Theater. There is the Marionette Theater. And all the troops practically have a help to the production. Let's translate the moment. So this was happening before the revolution and now there are about 100 independent theater companies that are really working throughout the country. There are 25 drama centers throughout the country, a National Theater, a theater of Marionette, and all of them receive some degree of government support. But with some conditions. For the last play that they did, which was directed by Esya, they did not receive any support. The conditions did not exist because there was a percentage between professional artists, that is to say with a professional card and a percentage of artists without professional cards. So we didn't have the quota. I was the only one to be a professional. There were young people who didn't have a card, so we didn't have the help to the production. But it's a show that has worked a lot and has been able to survive and live without the help of the minister. So with that play, there are conditions that have to be met, a kind of quota of what percentage of the cast are professional artists with a specific validation card, an equity card, I would imagine. And so in this one it was a lot of young, up and coming artists, and she was actually the only one to have a professional card. So they did not receive any government support, but because the play was very well received and people were interested in it, it was able to survive and have a life without that support. Will you get additional support now during Corona for your company from the government? Are you going to receive additional support because of the situation? There is a new minister because in fact we have the new Tunisian government has started to work practically a week before the beginning of the pandemic. So it's really, there's not a lot of luck with this new government. The new Tunisian government started work about one week before the pandemic. So they've got a new minister, but you don't have much luck with that new government. The new minister, it's a woman, the new minister has promised help to artists in general and to companies that are in trouble. So the new minister, a woman, has promised aid to artists of all types and to companies that are in difficulty. Julia, you have followed history over decades in Tunisia and you are an artist. What do you think about the history and theater in general? How does it fit together? History and theater? Yes, so it's been years that you have followed not only the news but also the history of the country. How do you think the history and theater are linked? I think theater and art in general, of course, we say that culture, art, we don't use the words IWX of humanity but without the culture, art, the human being has created them to try to pass this anxiety in the face of the question that is asked today with an incredible quote, it's the questions in the face of death. So people often like to say that culture and arts don't cure the ills of society but I think that theater and art in general can help move through what happens. And the question that is being posed today most acutely is that of death. So theater, at least I think theater more than all the other arts creates a space of freedom, a space of freedom from authority, from multiple authorities and that can work against all those who wish to lock the human up in a fixed cage. We worked before the revolution, we had an opponent, it was the regime, we worked against this regime. We tried to express the aspirations, the doubts, the forces and weaknesses of the Tunisian citizens. We continued after the revolution and I think we will try, I hope, at least in terms of writing for the moment. Before the revolution, we worked against the regime and our idea was to transmit the hopes and the doubts, the strengths and the weaknesses of the Tunisian citizens and we continued to do so after the revolution and I hope that we will continue to do that after this, at least through writing for me. The theater was in Tunisia, another company but other companies too, very influential in terms of free thought in Tunisia. There are four or three groups that have done a lot for this freedom of expression before the revolution and there are some who continue to work, there is another generation that shows up. So our company and several other four or five other companies that were quite influential before the revolution in working for this freedom of expression and we continue to do so after the revolution and there are companies still working now in a younger generation that's coming up, that's working in the same direction. There are many taboo subjects. When we have, us and the others, when we have addressed the problem of religion, religious extremism, already, of homosexuality, of the press, of social schizophrenia, so these subjects that were addressed before the revolution, which were subjects that were not addressed in taboo subjects, and then we continued with the words, with the words MOTS, to decrypt and try to raise everything that makes specificity, good or bad, positive or negative, Tunisian. So there were lots of taboo subjects that we talked about before the revolution, religious extremism, homosexuality, freedom of expression, freedom of the press, so lots of subjects that other people weren't talking about. And so we continued to do that now when we're using our words to address the ills that are happening now after the revolution and trying to do as best we can to really get at the specificity of the reality of the Tunisian experience. Jalila, do you think people will again go on the street and demand change or has change happened? Do you think people will go on the street and demand a change or has change already happened? A political change? Yes, if there are economic difficulties, if there is an economic crisis. I think people don't know what will happen tomorrow with all these problems, how the government will come out, but I think that if there is a problem and if the problems become very serious, more serious than they are, yes, I think there could be problems. So if things get worse, if there are economic difficulties that become severe or problems that get much worse than there are now, we don't really know what tomorrow is going to look like and how the government will react. But yes, if things get very, very bad, there will probably be riots. But I think that if the world, because there it's really not a problem, it's not regional problems or it's the whole world. Yes, because with Tunisia, we have a civil war in Libya which is just at our borders. There are wars that are still going on. If there is not a continue to think about the society individually with a form of closure, if at the geopolitical level it's the most ancient countries, we see what happened in Italy, for example, and the help that wasn't even done in Europe in Italy, what happened in Italy, we don't know what geopolitical is a question, we don't know what all of this will be. So this is not just a regional moment that we're living, it's a worldwide moment. And in Tunisia there are civil wars going on in Libya that are right at the border, there's wars going on elsewhere. If aid from countries with more resources doesn't arrive, we had the chance to see how even in Europe what happened in Italy where not enough aid was able to be provided. If that happens in our areas, we really don't know what's going to happen. I think that if we try to, despite this pandemic or maybe thanks to this pandemic, if we don't try to reinvent the human relationship, if there is no will to open up on the cultures of the world, on the other, even if we don't go to the other, if we don't try, if we don't keep good so that this pandemic is not the pretext of lifting other walls, of closing other borders, we have to resist all of this, not only at the regional level, but also at the international level. So there are risks if we don't use the pandemic as a way of opening up our relationship to the other, of trying to see and go toward other cultures, if it becomes the pretext for raising more walls and closing more borders, then the situation could become much, much worse. Because this pandemic, what does it give us? The first cases, we arrived in France, Italy, Egypt and Turkey. So what does the pandemic show us? Here, our first cases, they arrived from France, from Italy, from Egypt, from Turkey. So no one is safe. So that's the lesson that we have to take away from this, if we're going to save everyone living on Earth, is that it's not just a matter of a single region or a single place, it's all of us. Yeah, like music in a way, also a virus doesn't care about borders and lines. Jalila, are you able to write at all? How do you spend your day? Do you do work? How do you spend your day? Do you do work? In fact, I can't concentrate on specific things, so I'm like bees, butchers. But I have trouble concentrating on specific things, so I'm like a bumblebee, I kind of flip between different ones. My brain is working terribly. So you are not writing? Little things, thoughts. We are getting also slightly closer to the end of our talk to our listeners who listen in, but also young artists, artists in general, what advice would you give them from your experience having lived through so much with Tunisian history and experiencing the moment of enclosure now? What is your advice, what to do? Well, as I said earlier, this pandemic really puts the pendulums back on. We have a lot of young artists, young artists, young artists, young artists, young artists. So like I said before, the pandemic has really brought the dial back to zero and has showed us how fragile we all fundamentally are. So during the times of crisis, the will of life, like our great Tunisian poet who wrote a poem, about a glass that exists in Tunisian national anthem, the will of life is so, if it is important, we break all obstacles. So in a moment of crisis, the most important is this instinct to life. And so there are two lines from one of Tunisia's greatest poets that they're in the national anthem, which is that the will to life, overall, the will to life breaks any obstacle. Resist, resist, love, hope, and continue to dream. Well, thank you, Jolida. This is a truly meaningful and something to be taken very serious when she says you should resist. You should dream and you should go on with your work. So really take that all serious, I think this is from someone who knows. It is serious and good advice. And thank you, Jolida, for joining us. Merci beaucoup. Merci à vous, très heureuse d'avoir été avec vous et d'avoir donné cette occasion de communiquer et de dire, de parler de Tunis et de la Tunisie. Very happy to be here. Thank you for giving me this opportunity to talk with you and to speak and to talk about Tunis and Tunisia. Yeah, it is very important. The theater country was a long history, great theater scene, and it's important that we hear from Tunisia. Your work is very important, Jolida. We admire you and what you have done over decades with a family production with your family. And it is truly a model. Hans-Tis Lehmann said theater is a house and it has many rooms. And one of those rooms is the Jalila Bakar family family room and it's something that we all should visit more and also we should know more about. Tomorrow we will have Peter Sellers, the great American director with us who will speak with us about what is on his mind. I think this will be also a significant contribution like today or like yesterday from Haiti, Bremeni protocol on Monday and from Germany, the updates from around the world. We all affected this virus, connects us all. And on Friday we have Oscar Eustis who runs the public theater in New York City talking with Tony Torn who runs the small, the great actor, small, small theater for 20, 30 people out of his living home from his father. So we will go on the next year here from Argentina and many, many other places. So thank you all for listening. We need great theater. So many great, great audiences listening and makes us think that there are good audiences out there and the work of Jalila is significant and thank you for listening to her and what she had to say. Amanda, wonderful translation. I know that is not easy. That was wonderfully done. My pleasure. Thank you. Thank you. And join us all again. Thanks to howl around at Emerson College for hosting us each day now for four or five weeks. I know it's a big thing you took on additionally, so to a VJ and Thea, Travis, the Seedle team, everybody, thank you very much. And I hope we will hear from you tomorrow. So goodbye and Jalila, stay safe. Hope to see you in New York again when we come and visit you. Bye-bye. Thank you. Goodbye. Oh, wait.


Well it's interesting because there's a hadith from Imam Jaffa Sadaq and he says that one should smell an apple before eating it. Have you ever smelt an apple before eating it? Maybe I'm thinking, I haven't, but I'm thinking the aroma does have, you know like aroma therapy. So if it smells of things, I mean you can imagine walking in a market place and you smell something and it affects your mood.  And maybe not taking for granted the gifts from Allah, you know that is like appreciation. But I think natural fruit, I know when we've been to Middle East the fruit there because I suppose it's not being sprayed by so many pesticides, it has such a strong aroma sweet and you can actually smell the strawberries and the grape, everything's amazingly beautiful. And I think with apples as well, but I've smelled melons. If you smell the base of the melon you can actually get the sweetness of it and how sweet the fruit will be. So it's amazing what your nose can pick up.


India, the land of many regions, numerous languages and 1.3 billion hearts. We look different. We speak different. We eat different. But what we wish is the same. Sarve bhavan tu sukhina hai. Sarve santu niramaya hai. May all be happy. May all be healthy. So that together, we all stand in the spirit of ek baharat sresht baharat. And this spirit is truly exemplified with one emotion in every heart. Milk. An emotion etched in our culture so deeply that without dairy, our daily life is unthinkable. Dairy consumption in India has evolved over time. The National Dairy Development Board implemented operation flood in the 70s which made the cooperative model emerge as the backbone of India's mighty dairy sector. India has come a long way from being a milk deficit nation to becoming a self-sufficient nation in milk, largely produced by small and marginal farmers which tells the success story of our hard-working farmers and reflects the strength of rural India. Since 2014, under the dynamic leadership of our Honourable Prime Minister Shree Narendra Modi India's dairy sector has flourished multifold. Milk production increased by more than 44% over the last 8 years growing at an astounding rate of 6% which is 3 times faster than the world average. Today, India contributes about 23% of the global milk production. To support the dairy sector, the Government of India under the guidance of Honourable Prime Minister Shree Narendra Modi has implemented various schemes in the areas of milk production and processing animal vaccination, dairy infrastructure development, animal identification system, etc. Recognising the contribution of the sector in the Indian economy a dedicated Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairy and Ministry of Cooperation have been created. India's Nari Shakti and the dairy sector flourished hand in hand helping over 60 lakh women milk farmers of the country to achieve economic independence and secure the future for the next generation. Through innovation and transformation, dairy found its multiple forms with products like ice creams, sweets, chocolates, ki and paneer. Dairy added delight and nutrition to the lives of many. Now, India is all set to further expand the growth in milk production over the next decade. This could pave a way to ramp up exports. The Government is setting up village-level dairy infrastructure under a national action plan on dairy development to increase the share of organised milk handling. Concentrated efforts are being made in the areas like smart animal management, digitalisation, traceability and economising done by promoting manure management. So, milk flowed over the years as different emotions. It's the hope for every Indian farmer. It's the nutritional delight of every Indian home. It's an emotion called milk. And that's why 100 million dairy farmers thank our honourable Prime Minister for inaugurating the International Dairy Federation World Dairy Summit 2022.


In today's world of technology, it's hard to concentrate on the little things. Staying fit and healthy are often overlooked in our busy lives. Take the time to find what works for you to ensure you remain healthy for years to come. The single biggest thing I would give, and I say this often, is find something you're passionate about. You know, this is about a lifelong behavior change or sustained behavior that you've been working on or considering adding. So we want to make sure that you enjoy it. Not every day do you have to be rah-rah about it, but you should be looking forward to it to some degree and be able to stick with it long term, whether that means changes in weather, when it's colder and warmer, changes in different environments when you're deployed versus when you're stateside, all things that I would take into consideration to make sure that you can really get the long term lasting health benefit from it. For more information on how to stay fit and healthy, visit the Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center website.


What's going on, everyone? Sam here, late in sports cards. We are ripping 2022 Top's Triple Threads baseball hobby. Oops, that's the wrong one. Nine Box case break, number 37, Pick Your Team Style. Gonna read off a list of our names and teams really quick. We've got Alex P with a raise, Andrew S. Tigers, Brian C. Phillies, Daniel K. Giants, Donald B. Nationals, Doug R. Yankees, Mariners, Red Sox, Astros, Royals, Guardians. Good luck, Doug. Oh, and the Padres. Edward P. Rangers, Joe L. Orioles. Thank you, Joe. Joe LAW with the Orioles, Joe LAR with the Angels, Joseph P. Pirates, Justin M. Rockies Marlins, Carrie M. with the Brewers, Kevin C. Cardinals, Mark K. Athletics, Matthew N. Reds, Raymond R. Twins, Ryan M. Braves-White Sox, Scott V. Blue Jays, Steve L. with the Cubs, Taylor S. Dodger's Metz, and Timothy M. with the Diamond Bags. Good luck, everybody. Let's do some TTT. Talk for this. Good luck, everybody. What's up, Braves? Plugged in your Seahawks spot chain. I saw that come in. Here comes the Scridge 101 shield out of NT, dude. Not for real, though. Let's get you like a, let's get you the Steelers, dude. Let's get you like a picket, a nice picket out of something. Like we have NT, or iMac first off the line, like a nasty 101 patch of what's-his-face would be sick. I see a really nice Ruby with some crazy patches in here. Oh, wood or something. Nice 101. A redemption in this one. Got Clayton Kershaw out to 259. Purple Anthony Riz out of 299. Okay, hold on a sec. Hold the phone on this one. Hold on just one second, guys. This is insane, man. This is crazy. Hold on, everybody. I gotta check what this is numbered to. This is insanity. This is insanity, Cortes. Just, just, just wait in here until this next hit is, uh, is, uh, is revealed. Oh, it's, all right. It's gonna be numbered to 10. And this is going to, I believe, Doug R. Yes, this is going to Doug R. We've got a, how about, Topstriple Threads, Autograph, Deco, Relic, Bookcard, Goldparallel, The Kid, Ken Griffey Jr. Let's go, Doug. That's huge, man. That's awesome. Holy cow. There you go, TikTok. Take a look at that one. Ken Griffey Jr. Big time hit, man. Not bad. Was it worth staying? Was it worth staying? Heck yeah, man. There we go. We're off to a firing start. Kyle Lewis, 23 out of 27. Also for the Mariners. All right, dude. Later. Later. Shane goes at least $50 for that one. Yeah. Maybe 55. If you're lucky. Reggie Jackson, a 150. Orange. Straight Turner, a 199. Yeah, we're in Florida. We are in Florida, Blake. Outside of Orlando in a Popka. Space. Nice one here. We've got a Manny Machado, 11 out of 18. Grand Walk-offs for the Padres. And a Rookie Auto going to the Reds. Nicoladolo, 30 out of 75. That's an awesome hit, dude. That's awesome, Blake. It's a different plate from our plate, different plate. Come on. Oh, Griffey will always sell super well, dude. Ryan Sandberg to 259. Nolan Ryan to 299. Well, we're live mostly, bro. We're live mostly on YouTube and Twitch. We just go live sometimes on TikTok. CJ Abrams, rookie. Check us out on YouTube. I appreciate that, Boltz. It doesn't look like it. Where did you notice it? Oh yeah. Yeah, good call, Ed. Up on the top there. There's some missing foil. We'll send an empty box and wrap it with a Padres. Good call, Ed. Thank you, man. Is that worm? Oh, that's worm. Worm's got eyes of a hawk. Worm has total. Eyes of a hawk. Not off the top of my head, Blake. We do have a triple for the Rangers. Corey Seeger, Marcus Simeon, Adolas Garcia. What's up, King? King. And then we've got Brendan Woodruff, 42 out of 50 at Jersey Auto for the Bruker. His swing is so good, dude. Like, if I ever do like a my player on, like, the show, I always do Griffey swing. Carlos Correa at 199. Bryce Harper to 75. The Padres. A little bit of a mess up there. One for the Yankees. Just the base though, Garry Cole. Ernie Banks and Mark McGuire. And it's up, Card King. Port St. Lucy. Nice. What up, Buck? Buck. We've got Seth Beer, rookie Jersey Auto for the Diamondbacks. Five out of 75. Nice one there. Who took the D-backs? Tim. There you go, Tim. Tim, 80. And Walker Bueller going to the Dodgers. 37 out of 48. Yeah, King. It was unreal. Donovan Mitchell's game last night. He really did, honestly, Shane. If he ended his career right now, I don't think so. But I think he's got a shot. If he keeps another five years of really good production, I think he's got a shot. Same Paul Goldschmidt to the Hall of Fame. Mellott to 259. Purple, Bobby Witt to 299. There's a Buster Posey. Three out of 36. Comeback again for the Giants. And Tyler Glass now. 17 out of 99 for the Wraith. Javi Baez to 299. Purple, Albert Poulos to 125. An orange coming up here. Oh, that's cool. Nice one here for the Blue Jays. We've got Otto Lopez. That's numbered 4 of 10. Beautiful patch on that. One color, two color, two color, part of the S and Jays. And Austin Riley. Five out of 18 for the Wraiths. We have a lot of different group breaks with better, like, very budget-friendly card king over on the website, latensportscards.com. Link is in the bio. Pretty sure that random ran already, Tyler. I don't remember 100%, but I think Forest ran it one day. Lou Gehrig to 299. Nolan Ryan to 125. Cheese, dude. Oh my God. Spencer Torkelson. Holy moly, dude. How about going to Brian C. Triple Threads, autographed relic card, wood parallel, Bryce Harper. Boom. One of one. Wow. That's nasty, dude. Two huge redemptions in this first case. Grippy to 10, now a Harper, one of one. And we've got John Carlos Stanton. That is 19 out of 36. Four at the Yanks. The Magna, Harper obviously. Yeah, there you go. Seabass, or CB, other redemption. High Cobb to 299. Roy Campanella to 50. Onyx. Wood parallel is a one of one. One of one. Say that Suzuki Rookin. That's going to be a Mike Trout 22 out of 27 for the Angels. And Triple Threads, autographed single jumbo relic card, gold parallel, Bansby Swanson for the Braves on the redemption. Congrats, Braves. No, nothing for free. No Jayrods yet, surprisingly. Like no Jayrod base or anything, either. Lou Gehrig to 50. And Torkelson to 299. Nice numbered parallels there. They sick one here for the Yanks. We've got a Bernie Williams. 25 out of 27. First pitch for the Yanks. Nice one there. No baseball, Trav. Only basketball. Basketball and football. That's it right now. Rich, thank you guys again. Bowie took a spot. Oriole took a spot. Richard took three and two spots. Thank you, Richard. Rich. And we've got going to the Red Sox. Chris Sale, 48 out of 48. Yes, sir, Shane. I miss Bernie, man. He was awesome. Johnny Bench to 99. Mike Piazza to 259. The pizza man. I was told once on TikTok, nobody calls him the pizza man. It's not the Torkelson rookie. Card King, it was pick your team style. So different prices for different teams. Nice one here. We've got Brandon Marsh, three of three fly chaser. That's three color, three color, three color. Great patches on that game used on all those as well for the Angels. Nice one there, LA. And Alex Kierloff, 75 of 75. Bookend for the twins. Rewarding with Rich to make some XR football divisions or tiered random. I'm sure once the initial release day is over, I'm sure we'll start doing like full case division style or tiered style, Shane. That I would be surprised if we don't do that. What's up, Glow? Whoa. Yeah, we got some cheap spots and different breaks. We have spots that are like $15, $20 a spot sometimes. $30 depending on the break. Bladdy Junior to 125 or Bladdy Senior to 125. Derek Jeter to 199. What's up, Tim? Timmy, how you doing, buddy? Timmy. There's Nolan Aronato, five of nine. A little bit of a corner ding. Send an empty box and wrap it with the cardinals. Sorry about that, St. Louis. Going back to the Phillies. 51 out of 75 is JT Real Muto. Yeah, Tim. XR releases tomorrow. Iant to 150. Warren shared tonic to 199. Interesting. We've got going to the Royals is Salvador Perez, five out of 18. He's usually a redemption in this. That's pretty cool. There you go. Royals, multi-salvy. And Rookie Jersey, Wanda Franco, four out of 36 for the Rades. Yeah, usually there'll be like one or two damage cards in case generally with triple threads because the stock is a lot thicker. So you'll see a lot of like peeling or like edge or corner, corner wear. Aaron Judge to 259. Purple Ken Griffey Jr. to 299. Ace. I want the NFC East. Garrett Cole, 30 out of 36 for the Inks. It's your solution. And Rookie Auto for the Inks. Luis Heal, 26 out of 199. That's one there as well. Bertha Clemente to 199. Green, Joey Pado to 259. Rookie Jersey Auto, Tony Centian for the Red, 16 out of 75. That's one there. Mookie Betts, that is 23 out of 36 for the Dodgers. Congrats, LA. How we're looking here still. Now only five teams left in our PYT of Contender's Optic. Going a little bit later on tonight. Then we got tiered random team full case of Contender's Optic basketball again. Vladdy Jr. to 299. Manny Machado to 150. Stamped way down. Ace, nice one here. Going to the Mariners. That's going to be Edgar Martinez, 2 out of 18. Nice one there. 20 homers, 50 doubles, 115 walks. Congrats on that against Seattle. I believe that is still Doug. 400, CB. There's Chris Sale to 27. Yeah, no, as of right now, 6 from what that graphic you sent me. I mean, it's true as of right now, I would say. That's Mike Schmidt to 150. Orange O'Neill Cruz to 199. Ace. Got the Ronald Acuna Jr. That is 15 out of 27. Dingers and Swipes for the Braves. And going to the Diamondbacks. 7 out of 50. Zach Gallin on the Jersey Auto game used. Potential huge trade ship. All right, last one here. Good luck, everybody. Let's do a quick recap after this as well. Doing pretty well. 6. How about you, man? 6, what up? Got Sean with me. Sean over here, Sean and then banging. Going to the Royals. Salvador Perez to 99. Green Luba up to 259. What up? What up? Ace. Ace. Seasazuki rookie. Chateau. Ronzi Contreras. Rookie Jersey Auto at 67 out of 99. And Jake Cronenworth. That is 32 out of 48. Bad corner on the Cronenworth. We are sending a boxing wrapper with that Machado. So you should be able to take care of it with both on that there, Doug. So sorry about that again, man. And last back of the break. Good luck, everybody. Orin Sheenbaz to 199. Gold Goldschmidt to yellow Goldschmidt to 75. Wander rookie. Buster Posey. Got Paul Goldschmidt 17 out of 27. A-line, Warner. Honestly, Ed. A-line. And last hit of the break, Nico Warner, 23 out of 25 for the Cubs at Jersey Auto. That'll do it for the break, guys. Do a quick recap here. Got some of our jerseys. Paul Goldschmidt, Cardinals. Jake Cronenworth, Padres. Ronald Lacunia, Braves. Chris Sale, Red Sox. Mookie Betts, Dodgers. Garrett Cole, Yanks. Wander Franco, Reyes. Nolan Aronato, Cardinals. Brandon Marston, Three Angels. Chris Sale, Red Sox. That's Mike Trout, Angels. John Carlos Stanton, Yankies. Austin Riley, Braves. Buster Posey, Giants. Walker Bueller, Dodgers. Manny Machado, Padres. Triple of the Rangers, Kyle Lewis, Mariners. See, Sean doesn't get that. He doesn't know any SpongeBob references. Yeah, I know. Look, three. There's Nico Horner, Cubs. Roanty Contreras, Pirates. Zach Gallin, D-Backs. Edgar Martinez for the Mariners. Tony Santillan, Reds. Louis Ceele, Yanks. Salvador Perez, Royals. JT Real, Muto, Phillies. Alex Kearlaw, Twins. Bernie Williams, Yanks. Autolopez, Blue Jays. Tyler Glasnow, Reyes. Seth Beer, Diamondbacks. Brandon Woodruff, Brewers. Nicolodolo, Reds. Danesby, Swanson, Braves. And our two big cards. We had a Triple Threads, Autograph, Deca, Relic, Book, Card, Gold, Parallel to 10. Ken Griffey Jr. for the Mariners. And Triple Threads, Autograph, Relic, Wood, Card, Parallel, Bryce Harper. That'll be a one of one for the Phillies. That'll do it for the break, y'all. Thanks again for the fill. Next up, we've got the second Triple Threads 9-Buck.


Hello and welcome to the Paul Cantamene show presented by Buffalo Wildlings. I'm Greg Royce showing my Stevenson head men's lacrosse coach Paul Cantamene. Coach, first of all congratulations. I'm able to win your sixth straight Commonwealth title this past Saturday. Both games this week, both games this past week, defense really stepped up and you got it to strong starts. Well, I think they really did. You know, I think they did a great job. You know, especially Tom and Andrew Costco and Austin Howard and Kevin McCarthy and all those guys. Chas Collison and Al Falco did a great job. I think they really kind of took it personally. They didn't give as many accolades as they wanted in the conference awards. But I thought they just played so well as a team giving up the right shots and Sam making some quality saves when he needed them. And so we really like the way we're playing defense and I think they just really are playing much better as a unit. The more they get to know each other and they've done a great job. So we're really, really happy, especially with the play of Drew Costco, you know, being named the tournament MVP. He's done such a great job improving each and every week and he's really becoming a factor. Yeah. And obviously the offense was able to take that momentum from the defense. And obviously Justin winning faceoffs and we're able to score some goals quickly and get some nice leads. Yeah, it was great. You know, I think we just did a good job of capitalizing on the shots we need to. Sometimes, you know, we take some shots and we bailed teams out. But I thought we did a great job of making shots and really getting teams put on their heels. And I think they did a great job for us to really get after him, especially in that second game against Wyden. You know, in the championship game, getting out to a 10-nothing lead and really making them kind of panic and do something. So I thought we did a great job just taking what they give us, making shots. And I thought we were really unselfish at the same time. Yeah. Now, obviously winning the conference championship, I earned you another NCAA trip to 10th straight. Only five other teams, I believe, have had a streak that long. It's nice. I like that.  You know, we've had some great guys been part of this program and to make the NCAA tournament 10th straight years. If you would have told me that when I took over this program 14 years ago, you'd make 10th straight. I would have took the 100 on that for sure, you know. But I just think it's been great and all the guys involved. And it's not just me and the coaching staff and, you know, it's the school and everybody's done so much to help us. And that's one of the great parts about being about this is that how long we've been doing it. There's been so many people that deserve so much credit. Yeah, absolutely.  So I'm sure you've got a chance to look at a little bit of film. And what do you know about them? Well, you know, the great part is Jeff Long's their coach. Me and him are both Reinecoyd High School alumni. So, you know, we get a couple Indians as batting heads, as we said. But it's great to go up there. You know, they're a quality team. Just a real purist of the game. It's playing the game the way it's meant to be played. So that's going to be a great effort for us. And they've got a couple of good D guys. They've got a couple of really good midfielders. And they played a great schedule. They played in a great conference, a Liberty conference, which is really good. And they played some quality teams. And it's going to be a good game because we have to travel to go up there. So it's going to be a little tougher on us with the mental test to be able to do that. But we're looking forward to the challenge. And you've got to play good teams no matter what, especially where we are now, kind of going to the Northern region. Every game up there is going to be a really good game. And we've got to be ready to go. But we're looking forward to the challenge. I know our guys are just excited to get a couple more days together. And hopefully we can get a couple more weeks together.  You know, in five, now to 12 and six is really a great turnaround. And I don't think a lot of teams could have done that with the injuries we have. But I get all my players the credit. They really stepped up and did some great things. And hopefully we can do it one more time Wednesday afternoon. All right, Coach, we wish you the best of luck. I think we'll see you up there. And we'll chat next week. Thanks a lot. Go Stangs. All right, for Paul Cantamini, I'm Greg Royce. Welcome to the Paul Cantamini Show.


Hello, Aspirants. In this video, we will be analyzing the questions in the UPSC civil services problems 2020 that reflected from daily Hindi news analysis program of Shankar IAS Academy. We are going to take the questions based on set A of problems 2020. For some of the questions, we were able to arrive at the correct answer directly based on the daily Hindi news analysis program. Whereas for some of the questions, we were able to improve the probability of arriving at the correct answer with what we have discussed in the news analysis sessions. Thus, we have also chosen those questions for which we were able to arrive at 50% probability of correctly answering the question based on the information from the daily Hindi news analysis. In other words, these are the questions where we can eliminate two options based on the information to the question from the analysis sessions. We suggest and request viewers and aspirants to watch the video fully to get a wholesome understanding. We are happy to find that around 36 questions reflected from our daily Hindi news analysis program. Now let's start our discussion. Let's take the first question in set A that is based on Aadhar. If you see the second statement of this question, it revolves around whether the state can or cannot enter into any contract with private corporations for sharing of Aadhar data. Now we have discussed about this aspect on our 23rd November 2019 Hindi news analysis where we have mentioned about the 2018 judgment. The judgment is the Justice case Putta Swami and another versus Union of India and others. In this case law, Supreme Court struck down the last phrase in the main provision of section 57 of Aadhar Act of 2016 which is the Aadhar targeted delivery of financial and other subsidies, benefits and services act of 2016. The last phrase which was struck down was or any contract to this effect. So this makes the statement 2 as correct. If you know statement 2 is correct, you can eliminate options A and C and by this the probability of attempting the correct answer to this question has increased to 50 percentage. The next if you take the second question in set A, it is about powers of Rajasabha compared to Lok Sabha. The question asks Rajasabha has equal powers with Lok Sabha. See we have discussed about Rajasabha and its powers many times like we have discussed it on 13th May 2020 in the news analysis then on 22nd June 2020 then also on 21st September 2020. On 22nd June 2020, we have orally made a statement that Rajasabha is placed on equal footing with Lok Sabha in terms of passage of ordinary bills in terms of constitutional bills etc. Now here when we say constitutional bills we are referring to the constitutional amendment bills only. So through this you can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option B amending the constitution. Additionally on the same day we also said that Rajasabha has unequal powers or special powers in relation to creation of all India services under article 312 of Indian constitution. Already we have discussed about this all India services statement on our 13th May Hindi news analysis also where we have mentioned that in terms of creation of all India services Rajasabha is not placed in equal footing with Lok Sabha. So if you are clear about this you can eliminate option A then if you see on 21st September 2020 in the news analysis we have mentioned that Rajasabha and Lok Sabha are not equal in terms of removal of government because no confidence motion can be introduced only in Lok Sabha and not in Rajasabha or you can also consider the statement we made on 23rd July 2020 in the news analysis while we were comparing Lok Sabha and Rajasabha. At that time we said that Rajasabha cannot make or un-make the government. Simply put Rajasabha cannot pass no confidence motion to remove the ruling government. So by this you can eliminate option C. So through this elimination options also you can arrive at the correct answer which is option B amending the constitution. Next let us take this third question which is on MPLAT scheme. We have discussed this scheme on our 17th June 2020 in the news analysis and also on 20th June 2020 in the news analysis and we have also discussed this in our target 2020 prelim series for the month of April 2020. Now during the analysis on 17th June 2020 we have discussed clearly about the first two statements given in the question. We have covered the same aspects in our April 2020 target series as well. In the target series we have mentioned that the funds released under the scheme are non-lapsable that means the unused funds do not lapse that is the unused funds can be carried forward to the next year. If you know this fact you can easily say that statement 3 is incorrect. So from that we can eliminate options B and C and through this we can improve the probability of attempting the correct answer to 50% in this question. Now next if we take this question on fundamental rights it is about the protection against untouchability. On our 22nd November 2019 in the news analysis we have categorically mentioned that Article 17 of Indian Constitution deals with abolition of untouchability and we know that Article 17 comes under the category of right to equality. So from this you can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option D. Now next if we take this sixth question in set A it is with reference to macro economic framework statement. The question asks the document is presented because it is mandated by which of the following and the correct answer is provisions of fiscal responsibility and budget management Act of 2003 that is FRBM Act of 2003. On our 6th July 2019 in the news analysis we have made this statement that is as part of budget two important statements were laid before the parliament that are based on the provisions of FRBM Act. These important statements are macro economic framework statement and medium term fiscal policy and fiscal policy strategy statement. These two statements are presented to the parliament based on section 3 of the FRBM Act of 2003. This we have mentioned in the 6th July 2019 in the news analysis. So from this you can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option D. Now let's take this ninth question which is based on free legal services provided by legal services authorities. The question asks to which of the following types of citizens free legal services is provided by legal services authorities. Actually we have discussed about this aspect on our 18th May 2020 in the news analysis when we discussed about free legal aid and national legal services authority which is shortly called as NALSA. If you see actually we had a similar question on that day as practice problems question like the question which is asked by UPSC in 2020 problems. Based on the information we discussed on that day through the method of elimination we can arrive at the correct answer to this question. We discussed about section 12 of Legal Services Authorities Act of 1987. It mentions the persons eligible for getting free legal services and in this list as we have discussed the criteria do not specify persons belonging to OBC and all senior citizens as eligible persons for free legal aid. So if you know this fact then that means options 3 and 4 should not be an answer and if eliminate the options in the given codes we can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option A 1 and 2 only. Now this next 10th question it deals with international agreements or arrangements and the subject matter which they are related to. Here the Alma Ata declaration is about health care for the people. We have discussed this declaration on our 6th January 2019 analysis. We have also discussed about Talanova dialogue which is related to climate change in our target problem series for the month of October 2019. So whoever watched the discussion could easily associate Talanova dialogue with climate change. In fact on that day we gave Talanova dialogue as a statement in relation to the question on Paris climate agreement and if you know that these two are correctly matched then you can arrive at the correct answer because one and three are present only in one option which is option C. Next let us take this 11th question in set A. It is about one of the features of parliamentary form of government. If you see the entire team of this question is in terms of collective responsibility removal of the government from office by passing a no confidence motion. These aspects we have already discussed on 21st September 2020 in the news analysis. So we can easily arrive at the correct answer option B which is the government is responsible to the parliament and can be removed by it. Now here note that in this context the term parliament effectively refers to Lok Sabha in the parliament in the Indian parliamentary system. Now this next question is also a polity question. Actually it is a repeated previous year prelims question. The question is on the ideal of welfare state. Actually UPSC asked the same question in civil services prelims 2015 examination. In fact in 2020 prelims examination UPSC has just shuffled the options which was given in 2015 as you can see here and we have discussed about this aspect on our 14 September 2019 Hindu News Analysis in the practice questions discussion session. At that time we discussed about this ideal of welfare state and why we say that this ideal is enshrined in direct to principles of state policy. Actually the article which deals with this aspect is article 38 which comes under DPSP and this article deals with state securing a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people. So from this we can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option A Directive Principles of State Policy. Now if you take this 13th question it is with reference to the basic structure and judicial review. Here the first statement mentions that the Constitution of India defines its basic structure. Now this statement is incorrect as we know that doctrine of basic structure is laid down by the Supreme Court through several judgments. The theory or the doctrine of basic structure was laid down in the case law of Keswan and the Bharti versus state of Kerala and it was not laid down by the Indian Constitution and we have discussed all these details in our 7th September 2020 in the news analysis. So easily we can say that the first statement is incorrect and therefore we can eliminate options A and C and by this we can increase our probability to arrive at the correct answer from 25% H to 50% H. Now if you take the second statement in this question it mentions that the Constitution of India provides for judicial review to safeguard the citizens liberties and to preserve the ideals on which the Constitution is based. Now judicial review refers to judiciary reviewing a law made by the legislature or reviewing the lawfulness of a government decision. On our 11th January 2020 in the news analysis we discussed a news article related to the suspension of telecom and internet services in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Now the decision of government to suspend the services was challenged at the Supreme Court under article 32 of Indian Constitution. So during analysis we made a statement that an individual can file a writ petition in the Supreme Court when they feel that their fundamental right has been violated. In such a case the Supreme Court as per article 32 or the High Court under article 226 of Indian Constitution will review the decision of the government to safeguard the fundamental rights. In other words citizens liberties and several times the higher courts have said that the judicial review is an integral part of the Constitution. In a case law of L Chandrakumar versus Union of India the Supreme Court has observed that the judicial review by high courts under article 226 is a part of the basic structure. So constitution does provide for judicial review for safeguarding citizens liberties. And on several days we have also discussed about the purpose of constitutional benches under article 145 clause 3 wherein also the power of judicial review is exercised. See here constitutional benches are those benches where a minimum of 5 Supreme Court judges sit for the purpose of deciding any case involving a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution. This simply means that the validity of a law can be tested on the basis of whether it infringes upon any provision of the Constitution or not. And as per the Supreme Court power of judicial review of legislative as well as the executive actions makes the judiciary the final arbiter. Several constitutional benches have placed important ideals of the Constitution into the basic structure doctrine also. So yes, the Constitution provides for judicial review if not define or mention the term judicial review. So with this understanding we can say that the second statement is correct. Therefore the answer is option B to only to this question. Next let us take this 15th question in set A. This question asks which one of the following is the characteristic appropriate for bureaucracy. We know that civil services in general is called as bureaucracy or bureaucratic machinery of the government. We discussed about higher bureaucracy on 11th August 2020 and then on 3rd September 2020 also we discussed about the mission Karm Yogi which is the new national architecture for civil services capacity building. On that day we made a statement that the capacity of civil services plays a vital role in rendering a wide variety of services implementing welfare programs and performing core governance functions. This statement was sourced from the Press Information Bureau that is PAB. So with the understanding of this statement we can arrive at the correct answer to this question which is option D. Now the 17th question in set A is about gold tranche or reserve tranche. During our analysis on 13th June 2020 we discussed about reserve tranche. We also gave a practice prelims question involving reserve tranche. We clearly said that the reserve tranche is basically an emergency account that IMF members can access at any time without agreeing to the conditions or without paying a service fee. In other words it is the portion of a member country's quota that can be withdrawn free of charge at its own discretion. And even before 13th June also we discussed the same aspects of reserve tranche in our daily news analysis on 6th December 2019 as well. And very recently on 19th September 2020 we again discussed about the reserve tranche position in the IMF. So by this we can easily or directly arrive at the correct answer which is option D a credit system granted by IMF to its members. Now this question is about part 4 of Indian constitution which is the directive principles of state policy. Here three statements are given. Now in our daily news analysis on 14th September 2019 we have talked about DPSP in the news article analysis and also in the practice questions discussion as part of practice prelims question. In the explanation we have clearly stated that part 4 deals with the directive principles of state policy as per article 37 they are not enforceable they are fundamental in governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the state to apply these principles in making laws. With this information we can easily say that the second and third statements are correct and therefore we arrive at the correct answer which is option D 2 and 3 only. The first statement of this question is about a non-member of first state legislature becoming a minister. In our Indian news analysis published for 18th and 19th of August 2019 we have talked about article 164 clause 4 by which a person who is not a member of state legislature can be appointed as a minister for any period of six constitutive months. And on the same day we have also discussed that Supreme Court has made an observation in the case law of B. R. Kapoor versus state of Tamil Nadu in 2001. In the analysis we said that as per the supreme court only a person who is eligible to contest can be appointed as a minister if sure he is a non-member to the state legislature. And in the supreme court verdict it was stated that necessarily the non-legislator must be one who when he is appointed is not debarred from obtaining membership of the legislature he must be one who is qualified to stand or contest for the legislature. So here it is mentioned as contest for the legislature. Eligibility to contest is different from eligible to vote. All persons who are eligible to vote are not eligible to contest for the state legislature. This is because the age criteria to vote is not less than 18 years but to get elected in state legislature it is a different age. In case of legislative assembly the age is not less than 25 years and then in the case of legislative council it is not less than 30 years of age. Now with this understanding the first statement becomes incorrect as it says a person who is eligible to vote can be made a minister in a state for six months even if he or she is not a member of the legislature of that state. So first statement becomes incorrect and you can eliminate options A and C. So this increases the probability of attempting this question correctly to 50 percentage. Now this question is based on article 85 of Indian constitution. We have discussed about this article on our 26th august 2020 Hindi news analysis and as per the explanation given on that day we can easily say that the second statement is incorrect and the first statement is correct. We have discussed the same aspects on two other days also like on 11th May 2020 and also on 14 September 2020. So by this we can eliminate options B and D and we can arrive at 50 percentage probability to attempt the correct answer. Now this 27th question is on Gandhi-Irwin pact. See even though it is a factual topic we discussed this particular topic in the context of Pune pact in our April 2020 target series when we discussed about the events related to freedom struggle. So in this question out of the four statements we have discussed statements 1, 2 and 4 that are related to the Gandhi-Irwin pact in the April 2020 target series. See the Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed on 8th March 1931 to suspend the civil disobedience movement and also to invite the Congress to participate in the second roundtable conference. So from this you can infer that statement one is correct. Then under this pact it was also agreed that the British government would withdraw all ordinances that were issued to curb the Congress during the civil disobedience movement. So from this you can infer that statement 2 is also correct. Then we also saw one another important thing in this pact that the British government would withdraw all prosecutions relating to offenses that did not involve violence and that would release such prisoners who were not charged with violence. So this makes the statement 4 as correct. So if you know all these three statements are correct you can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option B, 1, 2 and 4 only. Now this next question is question 40 in set A which is about blockchain technology. We have discussed in detail about the blockchain technology in our 21st July 2019 Hindi news analysis and in that we discussed statement 1 and 2 in detail. See blockchain is a public ledger that everyone can inspect but no single user controls. Blockchain's core is a public ledger which cannot be arbitrarily manipulated. Here the public ledger is nothing but the storage system. Every block in the blockchain is linked to a unique digital signature of the participants who are carrying out the transactions. Here blockchain aims to complete a secure transaction without the help of a central authority like bank in case of financial transactions. When a transaction is initiated it must be validated that is it must be checked as genuine by the peer-to-peer network. Here the peer is a computer system on the network. Now each peer is considered equal so there is no single user control. Hence statement 1 is correct which defines blockchain technology. And then on that day we also saw the application of blockchain technology and as you can see here the application is not just limited to cryptocurrencies only. But the question mentions it as the structure and design of blockchain is such that all the data in it are about cryptocurrency only. So this makes the statement as incorrect. So if you know statement 2 is incorrect you can eliminate options b and c and from the remaining options you have now 50 percentage probability of correctly answering this question. It mentions that applications that depend on basic features of blockchain can be developed without anybody's permission and on our 21st july 2019 news analysis we saw the challenges of blockchain technology and in that the first challenge which we saw was the blockchain technology is not yet fully established. But still it is in use so you can infer that statement 3 is correct which makes the correct answer to this question as option d 1 and 3. Next let us take this 42nd question from set a. This is a tricky question on the application of drones. Drones are often in news for different types of innovative applications and we have covered some of them. We covered about drones in our 19th december 2019 in the news analysis video and again in a detailed manner we covered drones on our 6th june 2020 in the news analysis video. Now on the 19 december analysis we discussed that drones can be used for spraying pesticides which in turn helps in controlling the locust menace. So from this you can easily say that option one should be an answer which is spraying pesticides on a crop field. Then we again covered about drones on our 16th September in the news analysis video that is very recently. On that day we saw that drones are being used in mapping of geographical features of the country and this includes creators of active volcanoes also so that means two should also be an answer. So if you know that one and two should be an answer then you have 50 percentage probability of correctly answering this question. Next if we take this 44th question it is based on gene editing technology. In this we have covered the statements one and two in our 4th and 10th june 2019 in the news analysis videos. On our 10th june 2019 video we talked about gene edited babies so from there we can infer that statement one is correct and then as you can see here we have discussed editing embryonic stem cells on 4th june 2019. So from this you can answer statement two and in this analysis we have also said that transgenic animals can be produced. Now here transgenic animals means an animal whose genome has been altered by the transfer of a gene or genes from another species or breed and this includes the gene from humans also. So from this statement you can also answer statement three of this 44th question which means that all the three statements are correct. Now if you take this question in set A it is related to foreign direct investments in India and the question asks for the major characteristic of FDI. We have discussed about FDI many times if you see our 18th march 2020 in the news analysis there we saw that a major merit of FDI is that it is non-debt creating as well as non-volatile that is it is less fluctuating. Now if you know that this is the major merit of FDI then you can easily arrive at the correct answer which option B it is a largely non-debt creating capital flow. Now if we take this 52nd question it is about international trade of India. We can attend this question based on elimination method. If you see on our 29th august 2020 in the news analysis we discussed about India's steel exports and imports where we saw that India's imports of raw steel and steel products has increased in the recent years but if you see statement 2 it mentions that India's imports of iron and steel have decreased in recent years so that means the statement is incorrect. If you know statement 2 is incorrect you can eliminate option A and B. Now from the remaining options you can say statement 3 is correct. India's exports of services are more than its imports of services. Now we have to know whether option C is correct or D is correct. If you see on our 14th December 2019 analysis we have discussed that India is having an overall deficit in trade. If you know this fact then you can say that statement 4 is correct and when we know statement 4 is correct we can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option D. Now this next question 63 it is based on the factors or policies affecting the price of rice. We discussed about these factors or policies which actually influence the price of rice on our 21st April 2019 in the news analysis. We discussed some of the factors like carryover stocks which are nothing but the leftover stocks from the previous year's production after meeting the demand then we talked about expected demand which is the average level of consumption and exports during the past few years then we discussed about imports and exports which are nothing but the trade and rice. Through imports and exports government thoroughly controls rice trade because it is a major food grain crop. So through this the price factor is largely controlled by the government so that means government trading should be in the answer that is two should be in answer then after that the factors which are influencing the price of rice also includes government policies. We saw that on that day see government policies includes any change in government policy relating to the crops such as minimum support price it is also a policy of the government and it determines the price of the rice. So that means MSP should also be in answer and then if you see option three in the question it states government's stockpiling. By this they mean that storage of the procured food grain. So this comes under the procurement factor which we discussed on that day. Government carries out direct procurement through government agencies and it stores in warehouses that primarily includes the warehouses of food corporation of India. So that means three should also be in answer. So if you know that one two and three should be in answer you can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option D. Next if we take this question number 65 in set A it is about the members of G20 grouping. If you remember we discussed about G20 in our 29th and 30th June 2019 Hindu News Analysis. See we know that there are many multilateral groupings around the world and it is very difficult to remember all the members and especially if the members are large in numbers and we also discussed many multilateral groupings often in our Hindu News Analysis. But on our 30th June of 2019 Hindu News Analysis we discussed about some of the members of G20 and especially we compared them with the members of BRICS. We saw during the question discussion on that day that all the BRICS members are members of G20. So that means South Africa is also a member of G20. If you know this fact then you can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option A. Because from B Malaysia and New Zealand are not members of G20. In C Iran and Vietnam are not members of G20. And then in option D Singapore and South Korea are not members of G20. Next let us take the 66th question in set A which is about Kisan credit card. We discussed about Kisan credit card in our 23rd June 2020 Hindu News Analysis and in that we discussed about the objectives of the scheme. The objective is to meet the short term credit requirements for cultivation of crops, post harvest expenses, produce marketing loan, consumption requirements of farm or household, working capital and then investment credit requirement for agriculture and allied activities like pumps, sprayers, dairy animals etc. So if you would have paid attention to all these objectives you can identify that statements 1, 3 and 4 are correct. Now the remaining are options 2 and 5. 2 is on purchase of combined harvesters, tractors and mini trucks which means farm machineries and then 5 is about construction of family house. And both these are not related to any short term assets. They are long term assets. So we can eliminate these statements and we can arrive at the correct answer which is option B, 1, 3 and 4. Now if we take this 67th question in set A it is related to consumer price index that is CPI and wholesale price index that is WPI. We have many times discussed about CPI and WPI in our Hindu News Analysis. Particularly if we take on 13th February 2020 we discussed about both CPI and WPI elaborately and in that we clearly saw that services sector is not covered under WPI so statement 2 is correct. And we also saw that RBI is using CPI combined as the sole inflation measure for setting inflation target and for ensuring price stability. So this makes statement 3 as incorrect because it mentions RBI is using WPI as a key measure of inflation. So since if you know statement 3 is incorrect you can eliminate options C and D. Now the confusion is between A and B but now you have 50% probability of attending this question correctly. On 13th February in the news analysis we saw that the food and beverages category under CPI has more than 50 percentage weightage and we also saw that in WPI manufactured products have highest weightage which is about 64 percentage and if you see in WPI food is included under the primary articles only and if you see primary articles is just 22.6 percentage of the total weightage. So we can say that food articles is obviously less than this 22 percentage which means weightage of food in WPI is lesser than that of CPI or we can say the weightage of food in consumer price index is higher than that of WPI which makes statement 1 as correct and you can easily evaluate the correct answer which is option A 1 and 2 only. Now this question is based on important reverse and we have covered about the Mekong river in our target problem series for the month of April 2020. We have discussed about Mekong river wherein we have clearly stated that the river empties into or flows into South China Sea. So with this information we can say that the first pair is incorrectly matched. If you know this you can eliminate options A and D and you have to only choose from the remaining two options. So from this your probability of correctly attending this question increases to 50 percentage. Next if we take this 72nd question related to Indian elephants we have discussed about Indian elephant on our 19th August 2020 in the news analysis and on that day we told that the oldest female leads the group. So from this you can say that the statement 1 in question 72 is correct and here the question asks for the correct statements. So you can eliminate options B and C. Now next if you consider the fourth statement in this question it talks about the state with the highest elephant population. On our 22nd July 2019 in the news analysis we saw that Karnataka has the maximum number of elephants in India followed by Assam and then thirdly comes Kerala. And on that day we also gave a similar statement in the practice prelims questions also. We gave a correct statement in our question which is the state of Karnataka has recorded the largest population of elephants in India. But in the prelims examination UPSC has given the incorrect statement saying that highest elephant population is in Kerala. So if you know that statement 4 is incorrect then you can arrive at the correct answer which is option A 1 and 2 only. Now this question is about protected areas located in Kaveri basin. On our 16th June 2020 in the news analysis we discussed in detail about river Kaveri. That day we mentioned that Kaveri basin lies in the states of Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and in the Union Territory of Pulcheri. On the same day we also saw that river Kabini is an important tributary of river Kaveri. Now the question has mentioned about one of the protected areas which is Papikonda National Park. On 24th August 2019 in the news analysis we have discussed about this Papikonda National Park which is in Andhra Pradesh. We categorically stated that the unique feature of Papikonda National Park is that the river Godavari meanders through this national park. So just with this information and with the knowledge of Kaveri basin in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Pulcheri we can directly arrive at the correct answer which is option C 1 3 and 4 only. Because all the other options say Papikonda National Park is located in the Kaveri basin. Or else we have also talked about the Wynard Wildlife Sanctuary on our 15th May 2019 in the news analysis wherein we have mentioned that Kabini which is a tributary of river Kaveri flows through Wynard Wildlife Sanctuary. And then on 28 May 2020 in the news analysis in our practice questions discussion session we have given this practice question where we have mentioned that river Kabini forms the southern boundary of Nagarhole Tiger Reserve. And on the same day in the analysis we have also mentioned that the Nagarhole National Park or the protected area was declared as the 37th Tiger Reserve in India. So even if you do not know about the Papikonda National Park but if you know that Nagarhole National Park and Wynard Wildlife Sanctuary are located in Kaveri basin this increases your probability of attending this question correctly to 50 percentage. Now let's take this 79th question in set A. If you see this question it talks about coal fired power plants coal ash etc. We have covered aspects related to statement one and two on our 17th September 2019 in the news analysis. On that day we said that when the coal is burnt several gases and pollutants are emitted and these gases and pollutants include sulphur dioxide nitrogen oxides. So from this you can say that statement two is correct. So you can eliminate options A and C. Now from the remaining options you have to only determine whether statement one is correct or not. As part of the several gases and pollutants that are emitted when coal is burnt we saw that mercury and certain other heavy metals are also emitted. So if you know that mercury is also emitted you can say that this statement is correct and you can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option D one two and three. So that means even if you don't know that statement three is correct or not you can still arrive at the correct answer. Now this next question which is question 83 in set A it is a question regarding the concept of zero tillage in agriculture. We have elaborately explained the concept of happy cedar technology in our target 2020 august analysis where we discussed about the zero tillage concept. See a happy cedar is a unique machine that is used for sowing seed in the standing stubbles of crop residue and as we discussed in the target video this happy cedar machine consists of a rotor for managing the paddy residues and also a zero till drill for sowing of wheat and on that day we also discussed the advantages of happy cedar such as majority of the residue is not disturbed. We discussed about its eco-friendliness and then we also saw that rice stubble need not be burned. We also said that direct sowing also reduces soil disturbance it enables to retain more nutrients moisture and organic content in the soil. So with this we can say that statement one which is a sowing of wheat is possible without burning the residue of previous crop and this question is correct and then we as already saw it allows for direct sowing so we can say that statement two is also correct because it says that without the need for nursery or rice saplings direct planting of paddy seeds in the wet soil is possible. So if you know that statement one and two are correct you have 50 percentage probability of correctly answering this question and here just note that adopting no tillage in agro ecosystems has been widely recommended as a means of enhancing the carbon sequestration in soils. So this makes statement three as a correct statement so the correct answer to this question is option D. Next if we take this 84th question it talks about the national policy on biofuels we have discussed this national policy on biofuels on our 19th October 2019 analysis where we discussed about a joint collaboration between Zomato and a biodiesel manufacturer for the production of biodiesel. In the discussion we have clearly mentioned that biofuels are fuels produced from renewable resources such as wastes and residues from agriculture and forestry then vegetable oil and other edible oils then the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal wastes etc. So if you know this fact you can eliminate grounded seeds and horse gram because they do not fit in the category of wastes and residues from agriculture and forestry neither they are vegetable oil or other non-edible oils. So if you know that grounded seeds should not be in answer you can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option A one two five and six only. Now let us take this 87th question in set A it is a description based question they have given the description of cotton crop. We have mainly discussed about cotton crop in our 17th April 2019 hindu news analysis and on that day we have mentioned that cotton requires light rainfall around 55 centimeters to 100 centimeters. We have also specifically mentioned that cotton requires 210 frost free days for its cultivation. So with this information you can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option A cotton. We have also discussed about the other crops mentioned in this question we have discussed about sugar cane on 3rd January 2020 in the news analysis and we have also discussed about tea on our 20th April 2019 in the news analysis and then on 13th August 2020 also and you can clearly see that all these discussions on these crops differ from that of cotton and that is why the correct answer is cotton. Now this next question is the 93rd question which is based on ocean mean temperature. This topic was in news in September 2018 at that time we have discussed this topic in our video on 3rd September 2018. Sometimes UPSC may go back even behind the period of one year in current affairs for important topics or areas like this ocean mean temperature topic. On our discussion that day we had a general discussion on this topic where we discussed about the 26 degree isotherm in that we have categorically stated that the ocean mean temperature data is collected during January March in a year and the prediction results will be available by April itself. So we can predict with 80 percentage probability whether this year's summer monsoon will be below average or above average. So with this information the second statement in the prelims question becomes correct and now we have arrived at the 50 percentage probability of correctly answering this question and here know that for our analysis at that time we sourced this information from the Hindu newspaper. We have also given here the link of the article which appeared in the science section of Hindu newspaper. It appears that this question is completely based on this particular article. At one point even in this news article it is mentioned as during January to March the mean 26 degree Celsius isotherm depth in the southwestern Indian Ocean is 59 meters. But in the prelims question UPSC has twisted this statement and gave us an incorrect statement. Now this 95th question is with reference to the desert national park and great Indian Buster. We have discussed about great Indian Buster on our 7th September 2019 in the news analysis. In the discussion we focused on fragmentation of the habitat of great Indian Buster and at one point we have specifically mentioned that the largest global population of great Indian Buster is found in Rajasthan. We have also said that it is the state bird of Rajasthan. There are between 100 to 125 birds in the desert national park in the districts of Jaisalmer and Barmer along with the agro-pastoral landscapes of Bikaner. From this we can say that the desert national park is spread across two districts of Jaisalmer and Barmer of Rajasthan. So with this information you can easily say that the first and third statements in the 95th question are correct and we have to choose the correct statements in this question. So the final answer should contain statements 1 and 3 and here only two options that is option C and D qualify this criteria. Therefore from this our probability of correctly attempting this question is increased to 50 percentage. Now this next question is question number 96 in set A which is based on Siachen Glacier. We have discussed about Siachen Glacier on our 22nd October 2019 Hindi news analysis very elaborately. During the analysis we have explained important locations like Saksham valley, Nubra valley, Aksai chain etc from which you can easily answer that the correct answer is option D north of Nubra valley. Siachen Glacier is situated to the north of Nubra valley. Finally we have come to the 100th question of prelims 2020. This question is about tiger reserves and the correct answer to this question is option C Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam. We discussed about Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam tiger reserve on our 28th July 2020 Hindi news analysis where we have explained that this tiger reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India. It spreads over several districts in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and this tiger reserve covers a total area of about 3500 square kilometer and it has a core area of more than 2500 square kilometers. So if you know this fact you can easily arrive at the correct answer to this question which is option C. With this we have come to the end of this session wherein we saw the questions reflected from Shankar IAS academy's daily Hindi news analysis in the UPSC civil service preliminary examination of 2020.