Good morning. Welcome to CMC Markets on Friday the 5th of April and this quick look at the week ahead beginning the 8th of April and we're coming off the back of yet another positive week for global equities. Economic data has by and large been of the mixed variety. Manufacturing PMIs have pretty much continued to fall off a cliff. German factory orders have been abysmal but which when you actually look at services data that has started to show decent signs of improvement and ultimately has remained fairly resilient and I think that's what's helped I think drive equity markets higher in general. There's also the prospect that at some point we will get a resolution to the US-China trade deal. The big question I think there is when we'll get a summit and we'll get the details ultimately transpire as to what type of agreement the US and China have come to but ultimately it's a case of procrastination on a part of the US the deadline for an announcement continues to get pushed out and all the while the US economic data continues to hold up fairly well. There's really no incentive for equity markets to go anywhere other than higher given the fact that central banks are likely to remain accommodative over concerns about a slowdown in the global economy. You look at the ECB, you look at the Federal Reserve, it's going to be a big week for both of those central banks in the coming few days on the 10th of April on the Wednesday, not a Thursday on the Wednesday we've got the latest rate decision from the European Central Bank and at the last meeting they announced they would be introducing a new TL-TRO later this year starting in September over concerns that both growth and inflation were likely to come in below expectations well certainly if you're looking at the manufacturing numbers that is plainly clearly obvious that has been fairly disappointing. Services PMIs have been by and large fairly decent unemployment data continues to hold up fairly well if you choose to take Italy out of the equation but once again inflationary data or inflation data continues to slide back the latest EU inflation numbers have continued to decline with core prices in the EU now at 0.8% just above a three year low so the reality is I think for the ECB at the upcoming meeting on Wednesday is whether or not they flesh out the detail in terms of the type of TL-TROs they could be looking to roll out in September it's been pretty obvious with respect to what this prospect of easier monetary policy is likely to have on equity markets we've broken above the 200 day moving average in the DAX we've broken quite a bit higher and I think there's a good chance that we could ultimately head up towards this trend line resistance from the peaks that we saw at the beginning of 2018 certainly the direction of travel does appear to be positive the 50 day moving average is starting to point upwards it's supporting the price action underneath this trend line and there's a decent probability we could well continue to push higher if we can gain a foothold above the 12,000 level if we look at the S&P 500 it's a similar type of story the data is looking positive we've got a golden cross where the 50 day has crossed above the 200 day moving average is there a possibility that we could retest the 2900 level and the previous all-time highs in October I certainly wouldn't rule it out we've got the latest Fed minutes also due out on the 10th and I think the biggest surprise to come out of that meeting in March wasn't so much about the fact that policy makers said they would be patient on future rate rises that had been well telegraphed it was a dovishness of the overall message so soon after the central bank raising rates again at the end of last year we've gone from the prospect of three rate rises this year to no rate rises at all and the balance sheet run off to the end by September in the space of 10 weeks the Fed also downgrading its growth forecast not too much of a surprise but certainly I think if you look at the PMIs we've got non-farm payrolls coming out later today we had a very poor number in the February number I would be very surprised if that was replicated in the March numbers because I think that could have been well distorted by the US government shutdown so I think what the Fed minutes would I think I think the key take away I think with respect to the Fed minutes is what they will tell us in the context of how instructive they are with respect to why the sudden about turn in policy why go from why did the Fed go from Uber hawkish at the end of last year to Uber dovish and how much consensus was there around this change in perceptions so with respect to the S&P still looks fairly well supported 2900 remains the next target the US dollar continues to trade sideways still very very big top but around about 97, 80, 98 which translates into a fairly decent area of support 111, 80 in Euro dollar so let's pay particular attention to that because this is not just so much about dollar strength or weakness it's also about Euro strength and Euro weakness and at the moment with the push pull of what's going on with respect to Euro dollar the Euro has remained fairly resilient and I think there is a certain element to or a certain school of thought that suggests that the Euro is starting to turn a little bit like the Japanese yen in terms of the fact it doesn't matter what the data does it's really a question of how how how it interacts with perceptions of what monetary policy is going to do and whether or not it's actually going to start to turn into a little bit of a carry trade given that German yields are hovering in and out between negative territory now you may have noticed that I haven't actually as yet mentioned Brexit well you should be so unlucky because I'm going to mention it now it's been pretty much as you were nothing has changed still pretty much deadlock across the board with respect to what the likely outcome will be obviously we've seen the EU grant an extension until the 12th of April which is this coming Friday we have had some developments on the politics front and ultimately Theresa May has reached out to the Labour Party and Jeremy Corbyn to try and get some form of agreement across the line the EU may or may not offer an extension beyond the 12th of April as I record this video Theresa May has sent a letter to Donald Tusk president of the European Council asking for an extension to the 30th of June I think she just copied and pasted the last one highly original I think not but nonetheless I think it's quite likely that we'll get a much longer extension to that and it will be contingent on the UK holding European elections which is likely to be anathema to Brexiteers nonetheless the default position still remains for no deal even though MPs have voted to take no deal off the table they cannot do that because EU law surpasses UK law and the European Council can extend article 50 if they so choose to avoid damaging consequences to the Irish economy because if they don't grant an extension they're more or less throwing Ireland underneath a bus and there will be obviously negative spillovers to the French economy which is suffering at the moment because of the Gillesian protests so looking at cable big big support around about 129.60, 129.80 I think as long as we hold above that the likelihood is we're probably going to trade 129.60, 132.50 but beware for a little bit of fireworks as the politics continues to drive this particular currency pair what is more interesting I think with respect to the pound is the fact that it continues to strengthen against the euro very much in a downtrend found decent support in and around the 84.60, 70 area if we do get a break below this trend line here we could we'll see further sterling gains and further euro weakness but at the moment it looks a little bit toppy around 86, 20, 30 we'll support it around about 84.60, 70 so we've got an EU summit on the 10th of April and obviously we have the new Brexit deadline on the 12th of April it should become apparent probably around about the 9th of April as to what may happen next so at the moment the default position is the UK could well leave the EU without a deal unless we get some form of agreement or a promise of progress on talks otherwise it could be quite a choppy week other things to watch out for in the coming week are the start of US earnings seasons we've got JP Morgan's first quarter earnings, Wells Fargo first quarter earnings, we've got four year earnings from Tesco's and first half numbers from ASOS in the context of US bank earnings I will be particularly interested in how well the investment banking divisions have been doing in the context of a flattening yield curve and very low volatility trading conditions just going to finish off with a quick look at the UK the FTSE 100 pushing up against some very key resistance on this daily chart here keep an eye on that resistance around about 74.50 area we could well see further gains towards 7600 if we break above that key level there okay so that's pretty much it for this week once again thank you very much for listening it's Michael Houston talking to you from CMC Markets


Kathy and Elliot Lewis on stage. Kathy Lewis, Elliot Lewis. Two of the most distinguished names in radio. Appearing each week in their own theater. Starring in a repertory of transcribed stories of their own and your choosing. Radio's foremost players in radio's foremost plays. Ladies and gentlemen, Elliot Lewis. May I present my wife, Kathy. Good evening. As a member of the audience, I don't believe I've ever heard a bad Western. Some of them are extraordinarily good. Gun smoke here on CBS radio is probably the best example of that. Shirley Gordon, who seems to be one of your favorite writers for on stage plays, decided she wanted to write a Western since we hadn't done one since the series started. And that's what we're going to do tonight. A strange and exciting story of the West by Shirley Gordon called The Hanging at Four Oaks. The sound is coming from behind the hill out there in the distance. The sound of guns being fired. We're standing in a clump of brush several hundred yards away on the flat of the land. And then a man on horseback appears riding this way, and behind him two other men firing their rifles at him. He's got his horse. He can't get far. Two directions are good ahead. We better split up. My gun's on you, Sheriff. You know I'll use it. I need your horse. You're crazy, Cain. You'll never make it. Getting off easy. Getting off real easy. I'm letting you live. Don't count on me giving you the same break next time we meet, Cain. You don't have it coming. You'll have to find me first. Deal, boy. Without direction. That's the way it is with you. And has been for a long time now. Ride from here to there, from somewhere to anywhere. Ride hard, fast. Until your horse needs water. And its ride are a path of stronger substance. Gin. How about whiskey, stranger? My money's good, I said gin. Maybe you'll find out how good your money is, stranger. I can draw my gun easy as I did my money. Hold it. We only mean to be friendly. You come in and show your money and ask for gin. You're gonna get more than you asked for. Whiskey to wet your thirst. And gin to wet your appetite. Only bring her on. Evening, Rusty. You dance good. I say it to you every night, don't I? Every night. I like to hear it. I like to say it. Who asked for me tonight, Rusty? He's a stranger. He didn't know what he was getting, but I think he liked it all the same. That him? End of the bar? That's him. He owes me a drink. His money's good. I'll go take a look at it. That'll be the last he'll see of it. Rusty says you asked for me. I don't know Rusty and I don't know you. Well, that's Rusty. And I'm gin. You bought a dance and you owe me a drink. That's the way it is. What did you have? Rusty's brain. Rusty's getting to be no stranger. Nobody stays as stranger here in Foro. Thanks, Rusty. Thanks to stranger. I dance for you. You buy me a drink. We're not strangers anymore. What do I call you? Simon. Simon Kane. What kind of man are you, Simon Kane? Where do you come from? The kind of man you don't ask where he comes from. Or where he's going? What he says today is not where he'll be tomorrow. Here in Foro, there aren't any tomorrow. Then maybe you're right. Maybe I won't stay a stranger here. Let's drink to that, Simon Kane. Cold and gray over the unsettled dust of this western town of Foroaks. It's quiet. A disturbing kind of quiet that's no more than an interlude between acts of hostility and violence. That sliver of silence between a rattler's recoil and its strike.  You lay where you've been thrown.  Your head spins and the mind struggles to bring the memory into focus. The memory of money, drink, and a woman. Good money, bad whiskey. And the woman called Gin. Welcome to Foroaks. Summon beaten and bruised muscles to respond. Raise up on one elbow. Force swollen eyes into open slits. Bring a slackened jaw into place against a jellied lip that spills over every word. Who did this? Who did what? Who beat you up? Who threw you into the gutter? Who took your money? Who fixed your drink? Who ordered it done? Who did it? You want to know all that, stranger? I want to know. I already told you. Welcome to Foroaks. This is the kind of town you're in, stranger. You're planning to stay. Who ordered it done? I could tell you, but why should I? You bought me a drink and did me no harm. Why should I want to see you stay in Foroaks the hard way cold in your coffin? Who is he? I already told you it's more than one man. It's the whole town. The only law here is jungle law. Kill to eat. Become a glutton, sharpen your teeth on silver and gold. Going now, stranger? Away from this town? Back where you came from? That's what it's going to get. From you, stranger? You don't know this town. This town doesn't know Simon Cain. What'd you expect? Fine. Nobody's in here this hour of day. Where's your friend Rusty, who takes good money for bad whiskey? Rusty likes bad whiskey. He takes it to bed with it. Where is he? Why Rusty? Where is he? Like I said, why should I tell you? Where Rusty is doesn't make any difference. If I don't start with Rusty, I start with you. You're going to get tough with me, stranger. You're going to pay back the town that way, Simon Cain? Where is Rusty? Fine, Brunt. He's the man you're looking for. Try slapping him in the face, Simon Cain. Through the sleeping town. Through the deceptive silence of the early morning hour. Search out the slumbering citizens of this violent prairie community. See that more than one man likes bad whiskey well enough to sleep with it. You! Hear me! Hear what I ask! I want Bronson. Where do I find him? Who are you? Simon Cain. Tell me where I find Bronson. Something strike you funny? You, stranger. You're looking for Bronson. Where do I find him? You don't. You don't look for Bronson. He finds you. Flour every corner of the town. Scrape away the dirt you find there. Shake its heavy, littered, close mouthed population into consciousness. Smell the stale whiskey and watch scornful smiles spread over leather faces. Ask and get no answer. See a young boy. Move toward him and wonder what the name Bronson can mean to a young boy. Say the name and study the effect it has. Watch the young face. See it show the same smile and the same scorn.  Looks like you already found Mr. Bronson once. Once was enough. Look back on the young grinning face. You don't even any scores by beating up a boy.  And you find him. Morning, Rusty. I've been looking for you. Well, if it ain't the stranger with a taste for gin in his mouth, you ain't looking so good this morning, stranger. What's the matter? Can't take whiskey like a man. Where's Bronson? Bronson? You're looking for Bronson, stranger? Where is he? Anyone wants Bronson, don't have to look. You'll see, stranger. Tell me. Where's Bronson? You are. Where is he? I'll tell you. Why not? A man as anxious as you to go to his own funeral. Ride west out of town, stranger. Ride to the ranch as big as the town. Bronson will be waiting for you. What you want to know? That's what I want to know. Ride west out of Four Oaks. Wet the dust of the trail with your blood as you ride. Bind the wound in haste. Be ready for what's to come. Ride fast to find Bronson before he's ready for you. Ride west and look to the north and the south. Ride west and look back to the east. But when it happens, you don't see it. From the fuzzy edge of pain, feel beaten, fight to lift the curtain of paralysis long enough to look upon your faceless enemy. To see the man whose name alone you know. Let the cold water slide across the heat of your face. Puzzle over the thing that breaks through the barrier of your unconsciousness. The scent of strong perfume. Open glazed eyes to catch the glint of bright colored spangles. You never say die, do you, stranger? The woman, Jim. Kneeling there on the ground beside you. The empty water canteen in her hand. Something else. The rifle in her lap. You are listening to Kathy and Elliot Lewis on stage. Tonight's play, The Hanging at Four Oaks. There's outstanding dramatic listening in the daytime, too, on CBS Radio. Ma Perkins and Aunt Jenny make fiction as real as life with their gripping day-to-day dramas. Young Dr. Malone and Perry Mason keep you thoroughly engrossed in their exciting daily adventures. They're yours for the best at daytime listening at the stars address. The woman, Jim, have no choice. Feel the pain tear you apart. See how steady her hands hold the reins and the gun. Sit astride the horse with the woman. Fall against her as you ride and feel the warmth and the softness of her. Fall against her and forget the pain. Been sleeping a long time. Just as well. How long? Through the day, all of the night and into another day. What time is it? Late morning of the second day. Where are we? In a place I know of. In Four Oaks? Away from it. Not far, but away. Bronson's Ranch? Yes. That's the farthest edge of it where Bronson never rides and no one else. How's the pain? There's less of it. Bullet is out and the wound will heal. Your arm was cut badly as well, but it will also heal. I'll wait for the wounds to heal. You'll wait until Bronson seeks other prey and rust. And you? You strike a drowning man to save him. Drink this. If you will tell me as I drink it why you've done what you have for me. I told you before you bought me a drink and did me no harm. Why should I want to see you in an early grave? That isn't the way it is. Get cold. Why do you fill me with hot soup to make me well? What should it matter to you what becomes of me? Tell me, Simon Kane, what you've found here in Four Oaks. What I've found? The way things are here. The way you've found them to be. People. Lawless, arrogant. There's violence everywhere in this new young land. It's the same here in Four Oaks. There is nothing else here. Only violence and evil. I've seen you fight against it and I want to help you. I want to see something good made out of the way it is here. I wish I were what you think I am. But you know nothing of me, nothing of what I have done. I'm a stranger to you. You're no more a stranger to me, Simon Kane. Whatever you are, whatever you have done, I've come to love you. Leave it be. I've had enough soup. What song is that? It's not the same as you danced to the night I came to Four Oaks. It's a sweeter song. It's a sadder one. Why do you say it's sad? Because the girl's dying when she sings a song. And afterward her lover is left all along. It's a beautiful song. It shouldn't be sad. So wait here sometime. Not heated. Watch the heart mouth of the woman gin. See it fall soft upon the sweet words. The music is lost. Sleep long. And wait to hear no sound of her singing. Find nothing left but the smell of her in your room. Wait. Wait and tend your wounds. But the woman comes no more. So ride. Ride back into the town of Four Oaks. You asked me from when you got before a stranger. I'm asking for the same as I got before. Ole, bring her on. Ole, don't take orders from just anybody. Then let's hear you drop the nickel in his play of piano, Rusty. Use one of my nickels, I won't mind. As long as I get what I'm asking for. What you're asking for ain't mine to give, stranger. Or yours to get. Give only the word, Rusty. What you're asking ain't for Ole to give either. I'm not asking. I'm telling you. Tell Bronson. Bronson again? That's right, Bronson. You're in his town, stranger. Standing in his place. Let's hear you tell him what you want. Tell Bronson you want his woman. Bronson's woman? The town belongs to Bronson and the land around it and the people, but most of all the woman, Gin. She belongs to Bronson. So you tell him, stranger. Tell him you want Gin to do your dance you can't pay for. Where's Bronson? I told you once, where's Bronson? What happened that time? You got stopped by a woman, that right, stranger? Bronson's woman. Because Bronson wasn't ready for you. Where is he, Rusty? Don't worry. You won't have any trouble finding him this time. This time she led you right to him, didn't she? Once more, Rusty, and that's all. Where's Bronson? You're Bronson? I've been looking, Bronson. But I hear you have to have time to hide behind a woman's skirts. What the count of three, King? Rusty? One. Two. All in white, feel her pain passed away from four oaks. Fix you hot soup, make you well. I love you, Simon Kane. Maybe now things can be the way you want it. Maybe now somebody will make something good out of the way it is here. Nothing good can come of what I am. And in the morning feel her slip away. While the sun shines cold upon your back. Sheriff, you won't need it anymore, Kane. Well, you're going the only way a horse could do you any good is if it had wings. Stranger. He's a killer, Tom. It's too late to try your preach it on him. It's never too late, Sheriff. Well, go on inside and preach at him then. See if you can talk a halo around his head before I put a noose around his neck. I've come to talk to you. Who are you? My name's Tom Wilkins. I live here in Forill. What do you want to talk to me about? About you? About what made you a killer? What's that to you, Tom Wilkins? I like to find out the reason for things. I like to find out what makes people the way they are. The way people are is the reason for everything. In the beginning I wasn't a killer. Only then somebody got killed and people thought I did it. So they started saying I was a killer. Until I had to be one. That's the way it was. Did you ever know who did that killing? People thought you did. I saw him do it. But I didn't know who he was or where he went until I saw him again a long time later. Here, in Forrocks. Then I saw him get killed to keep him from killing me. And now I get hanged tomorrow. Figure out the reason for things. Find out what makes people the way they are, Tom Wilkins. If that's what you want to do. That's what I want to do. Can I walk to the hanging with you, Tom? If you want, boy, come along. Imagine a famous outlaw right here in Forrocks. How many people they say killed Tom? Like about a dozen, they say. I reckon maybe he was a bigger man than Mr. Bronson even, huh? If you consider the size of a man by the killings he's done, maybe he was. Well, here he are, boy. Looks like the strangers about ready to leave Forrocks. Hear the low voices of the curious and the blood thirsty. Feel the knotted rope strain anxious against your neck as the horse you sit paws restless at the dry ground. Look up to the gnarled oak tree of a hundred solemn years that is to be your executioner. Hey! Oh, boy, that's it. Let's be going back. It was a good hanging, huh, Tom? No hanging is good, boy. It's what comes of violent and evil ways. You preaching again, Tom? Reckon I am. Reckon this whole town could do with a little preaching. You figuring something out, Tom? That's right, boy. I'm figuring something out. What you figuring? Figuring how to make something good out of the way it is here. Like cutting down that old oak tree to just hang the stranger and using that good lumber to build me a church. That's what I'm figuring to do, boy. Build a church right over the grave of that killer. Hanging at Forrocks, starring Kathy and Elliot Lewis on stage. In a moment, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis will tell you about next week's play. In your town, in the next town, across the nation, you'll find the Red Cross. The Red Cross is the symbol and soul of humanity. You are a part of that symbol because it's the money you contribute that enables the Red Cross to continue its great work. Answer the call, and humanity will answer you with gratitude. Now once again, Kathy and Elliot Lewis. A wonderful new radio play by the talented Shirley Gordon. We hope you enjoyed it. To have with us tonight Barney Phillips, who you've enjoyed in many recent motion pictures. He was the bartender, Rusty. While Harry Bartell was the gentle preacher and Johnny McGovern the boy, Tom. Edgar Barrier rejoined us tonight to play the villainess Bronson, and Byron Kane was the sheriff. Next week, a delightful story by Arthur Ross called, And the Fun Farewell. Since it's about three people, I suppose it would be called a triangle play, but it's a little more delicate than that. Until then, thank you for listening, and good night. Good night.


Hey everybody, Mr. Gibson here with the next lesson in cryptography and today we'll be looking at how we can use the index of coincidence calculation to determine the keyword length when we're working with the Visionaire cipher. Let's jump right in. So here's our ciphertext. This is the same ciphertext that we used when we were looking at the Kasiski test. And we're going to start off in a similar way. We're going to try and think about how long is the keyword. So let's start by assuming a two letter keyword and we're going to look at just the first line in the text. So we picked a very simple two letter keyword just to kind of see what happens here. And we're going to create some groupings out of our ciphertext letters. So we're going to take first all of the letters in our ciphertext that were created using the letter A in our keyword, and then we'll create a second group of letters that uses just the characters that were in ciphered using the letter B in our keyword. So we've got two groups of letters here. And if we guessed correctly that our keyword was in fact two letters long, that means that these letters in each group were encrypted using the same letter out of the keyword A for group one B for group two. Now what we don't know yet is if that guess was correct. So we had to think away how we could verify that. So if we think about if we if all of these letters in group one J, K, Q, W, C, and so on were in fact in ciphered using the letter A from the keyword, they should follow a mono alphabetic distribution because they were all encrypted using the same letter, which means we could maybe plot these on a bar chart or we could just calculate the index of coincidence and we would expect to see a value that is in line with English mono alphabetic substitution ciphers. So about point zero six six or point zero six eight somewhere around there. And we would see the same thing for group two, because all of those characters should have been in ciphered using the same key letter. In this case the letter B. So let's calculate each of those index of coincidences. And we can see that group one had an index of coincidence about point oh six zero and group two point oh five six. So kind of close to what we would expect if we guessed right. But the average of that is still below point oh six. So not a real strong evidence that this is in fact a two letter keyword. We can undergo the same process. Let's try it with a three letter keyword. We'll pick a simple three letter keyword ABC. And we'll do the exact same operation. We'll look for the same characters that were in ciphered using the same letter from the keyword. So group one, all of those characters were in ciphered using the first character in our keyword a group two with the second letter of our keyword and the characters in group three all created using the third character letter C in our keyword. And when we calculate the index of index of coincidence for each group, we see that those are even lower point oh four four point oh five one and point oh four eight with an average index of coincidence of point oh four seven six five that average index of coincidence actually very close to what we'd expect for a normal vision air cipher. So that's not what we want even though the cipher text as a whole was created using the vision air cipher. The hope was that if we got the at least the length of the keyword correct, each group would follow a mono alphabetic distribution. So we could keep trying different keyword lengths just increasing our guest keyword length until we get an average index of coincidence of what we would expect to see for a mono alphabetic distribution. This table shows the average index of coincidence based off of the keyword length that we've guessed. So we've already got two three and from the previous slides. And then we've got the average index of coincidence for key length four five six seven and eight included as well. And when you look at it this way, I think the average I see for a key length of four definitely stands out point 083. That's pretty close to the point oh six six that we were expecting for a mono alphabetic distribution a little bit higher, but that can definitely happen when we're working with a somewhat short cipher text. And then it goes back down for key length five six and seven. So it seems like key length four is pretty likely our correct key length. You will notice that a key length of eight has a very similar index of coincidence. But so does key length 12 16 20 and so on any real multiple of four, which actually should make sense if the actual key length is four, but we try a key length of eight. That should still result back with the correct index of coincidence. We basically we're just taking the four letter keyword twice to create the eight letter keyword. So the algorithm that we just used there is that we're going to assume some key length we'll call that n and we'll start with a value of two. Then we'll split up our cipher text into n groups in a way that the characters in each group would have been in ciphered using the same character from the keyword. Then we calculate the index of coincidence for each one of those groups. Average those together to get an average index of coincidence for all of the groups. And if our index of coincidence, the average value is close enough to the English value of around point oh six eight, then we'll assume that that guest value of n was the correct length. And if not, we'll increase the value of n by one and start that process over again, continuing until we get to a correct English value. So there's our method for using the index of coincidence to determine the keyword length. What we'll see in our next lesson is what are we going to do now that we know how long the keyword is. Thanks for watching and we'll catch you on the next one.


American Crime Story is a true crime anthology series developed by Scott Alexander and Larry Kerazuski, with executive producers Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk, and Nina Jacobson. It is a spin-off of Falchuk and Murphy's horror anthology, American Horror Story, and the first season titled The People vs. OJ Simpson premiered on February 2, 2016. It was an instant success with premiere ratings of 5.12 Live Viewers, which set a record for a highest-rated original drama premiere on FX. Season 1 was also a hit with critics, scoring a 96% on Rotten Tomatoes. The People vs. OJ Simpson also gathered 9 Primetime Emmy Awards. After a year of confusion on when the second season would air and what it would be about, Season 2 officially premiered on January 17, 2018, titled The Assassination of Gianni Versace, American Crime Story. The second season was less of a rating smash for FX than its predecessor, but still nothing to worry about when compared to FX's other content. The slight slip in viewership is mirrored by a slight drop in critical acclaim, scoring still an astounding 88% on Rotten Tomatoes and The Assassination of Gianni Versace collected 3 Primetime Emmy Awards. Despite these immensely successful two seasons, the status of the show is currently categorized as on a hiatus. So why aren't FX and Ryan Murphy going full steam ahead and cashing in on the success while the iron is hot? Two words, development hell.  Following the immense success of The People vs. OJ Simpson, the series was renewed up to Season 4 with the second season being announced to be revolving around Hurricane Katrina and would air in 2018. Simultaneously, The Assassination of Gianni Versace was also being developed for the third season. Due to unknown circumstances that would later become more clear, it was then announced that American Crime Story Versace would air as the second season in early 2018 while Katrina would begin production as Versace aired. However, as Versace aired, Katrina was not in production and word fell silent for a while regarding the status of American Crime Story Katrina. While Katrina and Versace were being developed, it was also announced that they had already been developing the franchise's fourth installment, set to feature one of America's biggest presidential scandals, the affair of Bill Clinton with Monica Lewinsky. Yes, all three seasons were seemingly being developed simultaneously and now it seems that Versace may have been the only one to make it out of development hell unscathed. The first bit of trouble was revealed when Ryan Murphy announced that the series's fourth cycle was no longer to revolve around the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal due to the showrunners running with the real-life Monica Lewinsky. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Ryan Murphy stated that he told Lewinsky nobody should tell your story but you and I think it's gross if they do. He went on to add that he offered Lewinsky a producer's position on the fourth season of American Crime Story, stating he told her if you want to produce it with me I would love that. But you should be the producer and you should make the goddamn money. Given that Ryan Murphy is no longer moving forward with this season, we can assume that Lewinsky declined this offer. The source material for the season was announced to be the book of vast conspiracy, the real story of the sex scandal that nearly brought down a president. So based upon that, we can assume the general idea and direction the season would have went. The scandal, the denial, the trial, and the impeachment. But unfortunately, we will never know for sure how it would have played out on screen or who would have been playing these notable figures. As of September 2018, season 3 is still expected to be American Crime Story Katrina, however no information is known as to when it will begin production or when it is expected to premiere. FX chief John Landcraft says, my understanding is that they've seen scripts, so much of it right now is Ryan's. He kind of sets his own timetable. He went on to say that he believes Pose and American Horror Story will have new seasons every year. But new American Crime Story and feud seasons will come out whenever the material is ready and Ryan Murphy can fit it into his schedule. The original plan for American Crime Story Katrina went as follows. When it was originally announced, American Crime Story Katrina was supposed to be based on Douglas Brinkley's book, The Great Deluge, Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, and the Mississippi Gulf Coast. It would start Annette Benning as Governor Kathleen Blanco, Dennis Quaid as George W. Bush, and Matthew Broderick as FEMA head Michael Brown. This version of American Crime Story Katrina would have focused on how the New Orleans government, as well as the United States government, possibly mishandled the situation of Hurricane Katrina. But this version would never be told on screen because in summer 2017 it was announced that this take on the story was abandoned, and the new premise would be based off the book Five Days at Memorial, Life and Death in a Storm-Ravaged Hospital by Sherry Fink. For those who are unfamiliar with the controversy at this hospital, allow me to summarize. Potential spoiler alert for American Crime Story Katrina, but Dr. Anna Poe, who is supposed to be played by Sarah Paulson, was on duty during and after Katrina's landfall on August 29th until September 1st. By August 31st, 2005, Memorial Medical Center was surrounded by floodwaters, had no sanitation, was low on food and supplies, had no electricity, which resulted in indoor temperatures reportedly reaching up to 110 degrees Fahrenheit. Because of this, the staff at the Medical Center made the decision to evacuate the hospital. Several patients died in the evacuation process, but by September 2nd, 2005, patients, their family members, and staff evacuated under, quote, incredibly difficult circumstances. The seventh floor of the Memorial Medical Center was dedicated to providing long-term care for severely ill patients, and its goal was to improve these patients' health to the point where they no longer needed medical care. This is where things get particularly dark. Emmett Everett was one of those patients on the seventh floor and was awake and alert during the situation. He was waiting for a surgical procedure to relieve chronic bowel obstruction, which is not necessarily a life-threatening condition. Allegedly, Poe gave Everett a lethal cocktail of drugs with the intent of killing him. Everett weighed 380 pounds, so according to staff, Poe didn't believe that the staff could assist him in the evacuation, thus her decision to end his life. In testimony, Annapoe did say that the decision was a team decision and not hers alone. On September 11th, following Katrina, 45 bodies were recovered from the hospital. A psychology test revealed that 23 of those bodies tested positive for morphine and or fast-acting sedative, Versed, but a few reportedly were prescribed the morphine for pain. It was also reported that the staff had discussed euthanizing patients. Experts reported that the levels of morphine and Versed in the bodies was abnormal. With multiple reports like these on July 17th, 2006, Dr. Annapoe was arrested and charged with four counts of second-degree murder in connection to the deaths of four patients on the seventh floor. Nurses Lori Budo and Sherry Landry were also arrested and charged, but the charges were dropped for the nurses in exchange for their testimony. State Attorney General Charles Foddy announced the arrest and stated, this is not euthanasia, this is plain and simple homicide. The arrest warrant stated that Poe and the nurses intentionally killed Emmett Everett, Hollis Alford, Aretha Watson, and Rosie Savoy. The nurses that testified testified in defense of Annapoe, and after trial Annapoe's charges were cleared and the state of Louisiana paid Poe's legal fees for $450,000. Three lawsuits were filed against Poe, but were settled and the families agreed to be quiet about the terms of the settlement. That's just a basic unbiased rundown of the case and how it unfolded, but if you're interested in it there are a few documentaries and books on the subject and I would recommend you look into them if you're into that kind of stuff. When the season was originally announced in 2016, Ryan Murphy stated, in my opinion, Katrina was an effing crime, a crime against a lot of people who didn't have a strong voice. We're going to treat it as a crime. That's what this show is all about. In August 2018, director Anthony Hemingway and FX chief John Landcraft both shared their concerns about the slow development with the project. And for now, the future of American Crime Story is sitting in the limbo that has plagued many Hollywood projects in the past.  So what do you think? Would you have liked the Lewinsky-Clinton-based season of American Crime Story? Do you think Katrina will end up being scrapped like the Lewinsky-Clinton season? Let me know in the comments below and give this video a thumbs up and subscribe if you please. And before I go, I would just like to thank my patrons, Jesse Real, Keiki Art and Liz Dunham. If you would like to become a patron and receive exclusive videos as well as early access to every single video among other perks, please visit patreon.com slash Ryan Murphy Verse if you have a dollar a month to spare. Thank you for watching.


good morning Helsinki. I think the light show this morning gave the Beijing Olympics a run for their money. I'm gonna try that as a cure for jet lag moving forward. So we're here to talk about the future of work. A topic that I imagine is already starting to get tired. So rather than just talking about a set of tools they're gonna help people collaborate for remote teams, we're actually gonna talk about what's gonna happen a decade out. What will the future look like for an information worker in 2030? So I'm very fortunate to have two founders here who are gonna help shape that future. So Sophie Edelman as you heard from White Hat who is helping prepare individuals for this future of work outside of traditional institutions and I learned also her connection to Finland her husband is half Finnish. I'm very happy to have Kari here as well. I realize I've been mispronouncing his name when I heard him introduced earlier just a few moments ago who is the co-founder and CEO of Linear also natively Finn and happy to be he was one of the seed people involved in slush in the early days so happy to have him back here on stage and he's helping think through how future companies will build software in the future at his company Linear. So this is a topic that's very near and dear to my heart personally not only being involved with the company like Slack, building tools for the future of work but also in my past life when I worked at the White House during the Obama administration at the National Economic Council where we were thinking about how where the quality jobs will be in the future and how to train people for those jobs. So I want to talk today about the trends that will be impacting workers in 2030. So the first question I have for Sophie and Kari is what is the most contrarian idea you hold about the future of work and Sophie let's start with you. I think the most contrarian idea is really that university as a model is broken. We have this expectation now that everybody who wants to be successful go to university but the university is actually not preparing people for the future of work. People go to university now I think to get a credential it's seen as a rite of passage but it doesn't really give people the skills necessarily to be successful in the workplace and a lot of companies are finding they're still needing to train people once they actually hit the desk. So I think there's a mismatch there between what university is expected to do and what it actually does. It really acts as a passporting mechanism for people into work and it provides a whole host of other things besides but if you don't want to go down an academic path it doesn't seem to provide the skills you need to be successful. So are you saying that in 2030 fewer people will actually go to university? We're already starting to see that trend so I definitely believe that right now in the UK you're starting to see 50% of people going to university in the US it's about 70% go to university or community college. We're expecting that by 2030 that trend will see about 35% of people doing more of a work-based training rather than going to university and we expect that trend to start really accelerating over the next few years. You're starting to see that with the applications to the elite MBA program starting to fall over the last couple of years. So people are starting to recognize that the cost of university is not necessarily leading to the return on investment that they're expecting there. And how about you Kari? Most contrarian idea. Yeah so sorry. So it's loud. Yeah so I think like for me I think the most contrarian idea is and maybe it's just also my hope that the way we see offices and working at offices will not exist anymore. I think like it feels like the office should be the place where you do your best work and I think rarely it's the case anymore. People actually feel like they they don't have the time to do the work they want to do. They spend time on all kinds of other things that are are not as important that they like for their jobs. So I think like we actually I would hope to see that the model changes either towards more distributed or remote work situations or that the office environment changes so it's more like a workspace rather than what it is today. So more like a crafting place or like almost like an art out there or something where you make the things you want rather than like you spend time in meetings. So you think there will be less offices and more creative spaces in 2030. Yeah and I think it also like smaller offices. So I think like this huge offices what ends up happening is like the company ends up growing. You have a huge office then you now are in different floors and eventually you can get to different buildings and then the the buildings get distributed to different campuses and then eventually you're already like working in this remote way from other people. You're not actually necessarily meeting the people but you're still going to the office all the time. So like it feels to me that it what I would prefer is is place that it's a smaller place and I can work with people who are maybe have a similar tendencies than I do. Like it's more like we are all building stuff and we try to like have the focus around that. So it's more maybe work spaces or co-working spaces around like different crafts or different friends or different groups rather than like going to a company office. Fascinating. So fewer students going to university and then people meeting up who are not just with others in their company but people who share certain preferences or attributes and the types of things they want to create. Good. Good contrarian start. So Sophie looking at decade out. What will be different about how individuals prepare for their careers from how they think about it today.  You might do three years. You might do five years. You get this kind of academic credential and that passports you into your your career and then it's kind of a linear experience. But that's not actually the reality of how things work today. People study really random things. I studied geography at university. I definitely don't use the formation of Oxbow Lakes and running a business. But that that experience really gave me a lot of things. It gave me access to a community and network that's been really valuable in finding my first job and getting on in my career. It's provided me friends and relationships that have been super valuable. And it's also it also helped me think more broadly about the world. But those things are not unique to university. And if you can replicate that in an apprenticeship system which is what we're trying to build an outstanding alternative to university by bringing people together from outside of their workplace and giving them training that's really applicable to their job and gives them the skills to be successful in their career then you can really create this alternative pathway. So in ten years time we really I really expect that a lot of people forego the university route if they don't want to go down academic path and you'll end up with pathways that are equally prestigious where people can go and either do training whilst they're working or academic learning and you can move between them. They're seen as you know equally prestigious. And you talked a little bit about how individuals will change their training and what will change from a company's perspective about how they're going to identify talent. You've kind of talked about forgotten talent and who's not being captured by the current model. I mean I think we talked a little bit as one of my favorite things about the SAT in the US was by having these kind of standardized tests you could get people outside of the boarding elite boarding schools on the east coast in a broader population and you could actually test them for aptitude and give them access to universities. So how do you think kind of companies will interview in the future? So it's company is already starting to remove the academic requirement for entry into a job. So I think that's a really positive step forward. So you're seeing Google and a lot of the big four accountancy firms and people like publishing houses actually say academic success does not correlate with work performance. We're seeing that again and again and in fact some of the big four accountancy firms ran studies on their apprenticeship scheme performance versus their graduate scheme performance. Not only did they find that their apprentices were more loyal and therefore retain longer but they actually outperformed in the job and on the professional exam. So we're starting to see real evidence of that. For companies what they're starting to do is look at competencies that indicate success. So they're looking for evidence of resilience, conscientiousness, interpersonal skills. They're looking for motivation and intent. These are all things that you can measure from somebody's prior experience without looking at their academics. And to your point I think one of the biggest determinants of somebody's success right now in terms of getting into the elite universities and then ultimately in their life is their parents' wealth. If you come from a wealthier family, you live in a wealthier neighborhood, you're more likely to attend better schools. I know in Finland you have fantastic free schools but in a lot of countries, the UK and the US particularly, there's a real differentiation between different schools. And what I think we're seeing increasingly is that you need to rebase people's academic performance against their school performance. You've got to look for academic outperformers, people who both have personal drive but also ability that's not reflective of the situation they've started at in life. And that's good for companies, right? Because every company out there is trying to now hire for diversity, whether that's through ethnicity or gender or socioeconomic diversity. And the only way you can do that is by fishing in a different pool. Yeah, I mean it's actually a very creative solution to inequality. I mean you reference this and I know in the US it's true that parents' income is becoming a stronger predictor of their child's income, the greatest data point to prove inequality. But kind of what you're talking about will obviously broaden the set of people who will get access to jobs and potentially the best policy measure to respond to growing inequality all over the world. See, I get to policy very quickly. Kari, you've worked at some of the greatest companies or new companies out there at Airbnb and Coinbase and have said that the joy seemed to have disappeared from some of the work, even at these innovative startups. So what is really broken and how could that be different in ten years? Yeah, I think like connecting back to what I said earlier about like the office as an environment, it hasn't really changed a lot in the last, I don't know, 50 years. I think like, yes, we have computers, but overall it's like the still same model. And I think like what's now happened when the companies have been scaling even faster, what happens is that there is not enough time maybe to build that kind of like the systems or the structures that the company needs. So what ends up happening is that like people have to like figure those things out on the fly often, which then means that that like generally like in the work, if you whatever professional you are, maybe you're a designer or engineer or a marketer or a salesperson, like a lot of your time goes to go to this like basically coordination alignment between the different people in a company. And I feel like a lot of people are feeling frustrated that they actually have great ideas to what to do. They could also execute with them like those ideas really well, but they can't because they don't have the time because most of their time goes into this kind of meta work, which is just like talking about what are we going to do rather than doing it. So I think like that I think a lot of people are starting to feel that kind of like frustration that I'm actually not feeling that this work is meaningful for me because like actually like I'm not seeing the outputs of the work. So I think like there what we and like what also in my company what we are trying to like figure out try to really be thoughtful about that like how can we structure the company so that it's clear how the project should be run and that like it's effective. Back at Airbnb and with this other I also at Coinbase that the main way for me to be successful with the projects was actually kind of push back on a lot of things and say that now I'm not going to come to this meeting and I'm going to decline or ask people do we really need 10 people in this meeting that or that if there's 10 stakeholders for this project I don't think there should be. I think there any project should have like one stakeholder or maybe two but if there's 10 people that are deciding about the project so I think that it's not like either none of them are stakeholders or one of them is but it's like I think usually what happens is that every every one of those 10 people will have a slightly different opinion and then that will like just kind of mess up with the project and the and the schedule. And do you think that will change by behavior change of people like you coming into organizations and saying no more meetings or will it be the tools that people use like how will we get to the kind of more efficient state in the future. Yeah I think like there needs to be some kind of change on overall like how we think about these things which is generally like how do we like I think like companies could be more observant on a way that they operate. I mean it's like a lot of I think a lot of things are so much obvious that like how they could operate better. I think the hard part is actually like people know like yes we should have less meetings but it's hard to enforce or it's hard to like systemize so so what some of the things what we're doing is we're trying to figure out some of those best ways like how what are the best ways to actually build software and like run the team so it's like efficient and people feel actually that they they feel meaningful that the work is meaningful with them. But I think like the way to do it is that it's to build this kind of like a platform or like a system that helps the companies and the management run the process rather than them running it themselves. So I think a lot of the management today is about you call to talk to this person and then you talk to this person and this person and you repeat the same things to everyone and that's what every like management like CEOs have to do. You just have to repeat everything which I think it could be much better if you have a system that okay we want to change the priorities I put it into this system now it's will kind of deploy to the organization or we want to say that okay now project should be actually focusing on this metric or this goal okay. Now it's great. The future has arrived. Yeah anyway so so so the project should focus on this goal I can like set it up into the system and then it will automatically like deploy to all people who are working on projects and like any new project that will be started will use that as a as the template. So got it. And back so VTU to talk about individuals that how will the career trajectory be different for Gen Z? Will I have one job? Will I have multiple jobs? You mentioned a little bit the difference about not an educational chapter and then a work chapter. What will it look like for that generation? Right I think I think we've already seen that trend with the millennial generation right people don't go in and have one job they don't have one career path they switch you know every two to four years and people need constant retraining I think the pace of change is so fast now with new technologies coming in that everyone always needs to upskill everyone always needs to be changing career paths and changing their skill sets so I actually think we'll have a system where people will always be learning will always be applying those skills so edge in fact everyone will be going through effectively an apprenticeship whether it's a formal apprenticeship or not whether that's in a digital tech or professional service career or in sort of more the traditional trades I think that's the system that we're moving towards and and I definitely I think that the for the Gen Z or Gen Z and they expect much more career fluidity we're seeing that they expect fluidity in everything right their identity whether that's gender or anything else they think about themselves in a much more fluid way and they also expect that with their career they they question why they can't move from being a digital marketer to being a software engineer to being a manager like why can't they make these moves to their their career and I think the answer is they can but interestingly because they are also the generation that grew up during the financial crisis they also crave stability so it's a funny you know tension there between identity fluidity and wanting career fluidity and stability and I think companies that can embrace that give people the opportunity to stay within an organization keep that stability of company but give them fluidity in terms of their career path by seeing potential harnessing that potential giving investing in them with training will actually reap huge dividends from from their employees so I think we're seeing a world where people may stay longer with a company but move more fluidly fluidly between different roles and have that constant training on a longer basis and what's exciting to me with the young people we work with at White Hat is we work primarily with people who at the start of their career people who are leaving school 16, 17, 18 to so 24, 25 and they're starting their their career path with this experience of simultaneous work and training so they're learning knowledge skills and behavior they're not going just doing an online course they're embedding those skills that they're learning in their work and so they they've never experienced anything different they don't think of work and education as being separate they expect to constantly be learning and I think if you embed that early that's actually a fundamental shift in the system and do you think it'll be apprenticeships at least as they are today is one chapter do you imagine someone will be doing multiple apprenticeships as they pivot throughout their career right we already see that I think apprenticeships are not limited to people at the beginning of their career and you will do these consecutive apprenticeships throughout your career so for example somebody might start doing a digital marketing apprenticeship for for a couple of years they build deep skills in that area but they realize that increasingly they're using data I mean everything involves data these days and we have to manipulate and crunch that data is becoming more and more challenging so then they would progress on to say doing data science and doing a data science apprenticeship and they would become the expert in that team who can use Python and R and do regression analysis and then they take on a team and they need to have management skills and so they'll go through a management training process rather than being shipped off for two years to do an MBA program they'll actually spend the time learning the skills applying those skills reflecting on those skills and fundamentally building their businesses to be better businesses I think the companies that embrace that will end up being much more productive and much more successful because investing in your employees and developing them is the best and cheapest way to create more a shareholder value thank you and Kari I think there will be a lot of people who want to be apprentices to you and how to build a more efficient kind of business so can you talk a little bit about how at linear you're working asynchronously and you get to build it as a founder a friend of from the ground up so how are you implementing some of this what the future of business should be like at linear yeah so so yeah like we even with the founding team now like we are now distributed between San Francisco New York and Helsinki so that's already like 10 hour time zone difference and that's that's like I think the main thing that people sometimes forget about remote work is that the time zones is the real problem it's like there's no fix to it really I mean people could switch their how they sleep and are awake but that's really hard but so what it needs to happen is to the only way to solve that problem is to try to move more of their work into asynchronous so that I think for example like rather than have a meeting like make a decision like write a document talk about it on the document then maybe have a meeting if it's needed and I think like this is already I think we also again like we know probably going to meetings it's often they are not productive if people don't prepare for it like for example Amazon they use this memo that you have to write before the meeting and then half of the meeting is actually reading the memo silent in silence and so that everyone is informed the same way and as much as everyone else and so I think like what we we are also trying to obviously we need to figure out no one has really figured out what it looks like so what we do is is we actually do do those calls few times a week just stay in touch but overall we set up the roadmap we we obviously talked to a lot of our customers like what what they need we set up some kind of roadmap we talked about the roadmap and then basically every every month or so we we look at this is the still the right way or is this these still the right priorities for the projects we someone owns the project and can write like a brief about it like this is the project and then we can like asynchronously like chat about it and then each week we will just like decide like that that week's priorities in in one basically we do it in our tool we do it before the meeting or before the call and in the call we can just like see if we just like if everything is okay everyone is aligned rest of the week we don't have to talk about it or like obviously we do but it's it's like everyone knows like this is the plan for this like 90 days this is a plan for the next 30 days this is a plan for the next seven days and so that's one way to to kind of I think what ends up happening a lot of companies it's like people are really reactive and I think that they're changing priorities every day and I think you shouldn't be changing priorities every day unless something is really on fire and then you should fix that but but other than that like if you're my if you change your mind every day it's like you're not gonna make a lot of progress it's basically like if you're trying to sail somewhere you're like you shouldn't oversteer like you need to like decide this is the path I'm gonna go and then you adjust it every now and then but if you keep oversteering you're gonna lose speed so I think like that's I think is the tendency that we want to avoid that can we build the company so that we we don't oversteer every day where we are going but we can have a reasonable time frames for for things this is what's fun to have a designer talking about how to manage very systems like approach I guess what to each of you what are you and your companies doing today that you think will be a trend that will extend kind of beyond tech to other sectors kind of over the next few years how are you setting the example so it's interesting that Kari was talking about so dog fooding his own tool we definitely dog food our own apprenticeships at White Hat we have a lot of apprentices on our team and I think it's at different levels to your point about people going through it at different ages and different points in their career we're already seeing that we over the next few years expect people to really start embracing this trend of investing in their people investing in their training and development putting them on these structured programs we work we work with tech companies for sure the Google's the Facebook's improbables of the world they take on apprentices and I think it's a great way for them to start bringing in new ideas into their businesses and really competent people but we also are working with with companies that you wouldn't expect outside who are also pioneering so the BP's the you know the publicist media some of the big music companies like Warner Music and Warner Brothers the law firms like Clifford Chance they're all embracing this trend of okay the world is changing the world has changed university doesn't provide us with the skills we need for FPP we're still having to train them so let's actually look at this again how are we going to make our team reflect our customer base how are we meant going to find the best and the brightest and the most ambitious people and they're really changing already the way that they they recruit the way they retain people the way they train people I think that is that is the big trend that's going to extend beyond the tech sector though it's great to see some of the leading lights of tech really driving that as pioneers it's exciting to know it's multi-sector already so the future is always I try to get ten years out and it's already these ideas are already happening Kari how about you is our what was that question the question is what are you doing today that you think will be replicated in other kind of industries like what how is linear implementing something that will be a part of the future I mean yeah I think I generally like I don't know it's linear one thing but I think the software and the technical industry is another thing I think overall I think one of the things in interesting in software industry is that and especially engineering is like you're building your own tools all the time so I think it hasn't really happened that much in a lot of other industries so I think like legal or or I mean I think they have tools but I think they're not like actively thinking about it though like how could this be better so I think like that that's like an approach that I would want to see more in different industries like should we actually like try to like figure out what is that what is kind of like I think like the best tools also describes some kind of workflow or a system so like if you have a company goals like we want to improve this thing or like generally this is the most important thing for us can we set up a system that isn't incentivized people to do that and like or that it's actually in the tool that like this is the right way to do it and that way also I think it's it's gonna help other people coming from the industry like new like recent grads or someone like or this these younger people coming to industry to understand like how things actually work because like you don't have to go ask this person like how do we do these kind of things so I think I just think that like overall the approach of like understanding and and trying to understand like your what is your company's system and then what would be the right tooling to to support that or improve that and like do we even have a system and and then like if that and like what if we don't then like what would the system look like so I think I just generally like having this like meta thinking of like what is our company's operating system kind of and then how can we keep improving it all the time listening to you both it occurs to me that this is all so fundamentally about talent how do we find the best talent how do we recruit them how do we continue to let that talent grow how do we build organizations to attract this kind of talent I mean I think one of the reasons that a lot of these companies are so good at attracting people is that they are innovating on the ways that we actually spend our time and achieve our priorities and I think again from the policy angle this is an opportunity for countries to think about you know can we have innovative policies around work contracts should we have apprenticeships in the US like how can we incentivize these remote teams to get up and running around the world instantly I think that's a real opportunity for governments to think about how to attract kind of the best of the best from all over so I hope everyone in the audience got a sense of what 2030 is going to look like from some of the people who are building that future so thank you both very much for the conversation thank you


I think this is the best contribution of Otpor, you know, framing of the use of humor. Here is the thing, I think they have this idea of branding the movement, using a lot of marketing strategies to make the movement popular. So humor constituted a part of this whole marketing strategy. So sometimes, but not all the time, sometimes, activists deliberately staged humorous actions in order to sort of, you know, construct this image of the movement as being hip, cool and as being quite playful. You know, not, you know, serious kind of politically serious movement on, and I think trying to be inclusive because I remember Yvonne Marowicz saying that, you know, the majority of rank and file activists in Otpor, they were not interested in politics. They were not interested in political change. They just want to have fun. So, you know, that's the idea. How do you include people without political ideology into your movement? And then you may be able to convince them after their, you know, participation in one or two of your activities. So that's, I think, the contribution of Otpor in nonviolence action.


Here's a function that draws a square with 50 pixel sides. That's great, but what if I wanted to draw a square with sides of 50 pixels and another square with sides of 100 pixels? We shouldn't have to make two separate functions that do almost the same thing. Instead, we can use one function with a parameter. Parameters allow us to pass values into a function that get used as variables inside the function. Let's try adding a parameter called length to this function so we can use it to create squares of different sizes. In the function editor, you can edit the name and description like before, but now you can also add a parameter. Write the name of your parameter in the space and click Add Parameter. This will create a red block with the name of the parameter you just created. Now we can replace the Move Forward by 100 block with the parameter Length so it will move forward by length. Click Save and Close and drag out your new Create a Square block from the Functions category in the Toolbox. You'll notice there's an empty space next to length because the function wants to know what value the parameter length should have. Drag a number block from the Math category and place it in this space. See how you can use the function again and again with different lengths to make squares of different sizes? Try it for yourself!


Welcome to the CUBE's coverage of KubeCon EU 2024, live from Paris, France. Join hosts Savannah Peterson, Dustin Kirkland, and Rob Stratche, as they interview some of the brightest minds in cloud-native computing. Coverage of KubeCon cloud-native con is brought to you by Red Hat, CNCF, and its ecosystem partners. The CUBE's coverage of KubeCon EU 2024 begins right now. Good afternoon, nerd fam, and welcome back to Paris, France. We're here at KubeCon cloud-native con with three days of coverage here on the Kube. My name's Savannah Peterson, and I am really excited about our next guest. In fact, I would not be sitting here in this chair if it wasn't for the fabulous Neil Creswell. Neil, thank you so much for being on the show with me today. This is heavenly. This is like a fun family reunion for us. I love it. I know, I love it. I love it too. Obviously, you're with Portainer. You've been to KubeCon a lot of times. Yeah, this is my fifth as well. Was our first together in LA? Yeah, yeah. Oh, wow, how are you? Wow. We're pretty cute. Lots has changed, both for Portainer as well as I think for this ecosystem and collaborators. I want to get into that a little bit. How has this show different than some of the other shows you've been to? Well, first of all, it's massive. It is. Biggest one ever. I can't believe that your shoulder to shoulder, you're queuing deep to speak to people. Yes, salespeople you mentioned to me earlier, which is wild. I'm seeing people at a booth, eight deep queuing to see a salesperson. That's unheard of. Yeah. So there's a lot of people. The personas here are seen quite different as well. You mentioned you talked to Kelsey Hightower about that a bit. Yeah, I think KubeCon historically has been very engineering centric. There's a bunch of engineering practitioners and engineering leaders coming here to understand what's new with the technology. Now it seems to be very much more the architecture leaders, platform engineering leaders who are coming here to say I need to build a platform, what's the composition on my platform?  So I think the persona's changing a lot. Yeah, I think it is. And I think the ecosystem has matured a lot too since we were first coming. I feel like, I mean, Kubernetes is everywhere now. It's still very confusing. I couldn't imagine how daunting it is. If you're a company and you're looking to get started with containers, and you're deciding that Kubernetes is how you want to get started, how do you make the decision of which of these vendors to back? Yeah, we've seen some big name vendors, unfortunately, fold. It's a great point. In the last six months. Vendors who you would have never have imagined have folded.  That's a daunting task. I think it is a daunting task. How would you advise people do that? Oh my goodness. So with Portainer, our view is don't do that. Our view is have one tool that has all the capability you need. And that way, but arguably then that's putting all your eggs in one basket. So it's a tricky answer. It really is. In the open source world, open source unfortunately, companies do come and go, or projects come and go. So I suppose you really want to say, well how well funded are they? What's their revenue growth like? What's the people like? What's the management like? What's their adoption like? And try and figure all this out and build a map? It's confusing. Yeah, it definitely is confusing. What does the open source community mean to Portainer? I know you're, I always used to describe you as a community first CEO. What does open source crew mean to you? So purely functionally, it is an awesome way to get your product in the hands of as many people as humanly possible, without any barriers, without them having to reveal their identity. It's a way for people to get a lot of hands on experientially the product. For those that love it, spread the word. For those that don't love it, spread the word. I've said for a long time that the people who dislike our product from the community are our biggest asset because they tell me what we're doing wrong and what we need to fix to get better in the future. So a lot of people take negative or take criticism badly. I mean I do take it personally because I love my product and my company. But I take that criticism as well, this is something we need to improve if we want to get better. So for me, open source is a very, very good way to get people using your product to get the feedback on what you need to do to get better, understand where the gaps are in your product. And yeah, that's it. Yeah, I just want to give you a pat on the back there. I know you personally sit on those calls with the community as CEO. You do a lot of that interfacing. Talk about direct access. I am on Twitter, I'm in Reddit, I'm on Slack. You try and get me out of it. I spend a lot of time on planes and hotels and alone, and all at alone time in social media engaging with the community. Yeah, no, I've always really admired that about you. And it has driven the product roadmap quite a significant amount. Oh, so much. Yeah, what's the latest from Portainer? We actually just released the new version. We actually moved to a short-term support and long-term support model. And this was basically off the back of customer feedback saying we're becoming significantly more adopted in large enterprises and large enterprises move slower and they couldn't handle an open source release cycle where we release fast release often. They couldn't handle it. And so we said, okay, well I'm fine. We'll break it in half and we'll release two or three maximum long-term supported stable releases in the market and we'll release short-term support much more, much faster and so iterate, iterate, iterate. And then every so often we'll put a stake in the ground and say, okay, everything that's been released up until now, we'll go do deep regression and release it as a long-term support. So this, we just released the version two days ago. It is the first short-term support. There's a bunch of new features, hundreds of new bug fixes and it's really exciting because... That is exciting. It's a whole new way of releasing for us. Yeah, and so how do you prioritize resources with those two pipelines? Also the only difference between long-term support and short-term support is QA. Oh, okay. So when we put the stake in the ground, we say, okay, everything that's made it until now now goes through deep regression testing. So it's a QA resource, not a dev resource. Oh yeah, cool, all right. So we had Priyanka on earlier this week and we've had a lot of folks chiming in on this. I want your hot take. Is Kubernetes having its Linux moment? I think Kubernetes has reached the point of mainstream. So obviously with Portena, our customer type or our ideal customer persona is more mainstream businesses than deep engineering-led organizations. And we have seen a dramatic pick-up in inbound inquiry for our product. Now that's just the market maturing. And the companies that are hitting us up, they're not what I would consider tech innovators. They're everyday businesses. And so that to me indicates that it's now reached that mainstream... You're bequity. Yeah, and so normal companies, not tech innovators, are now saying, let's go. Formal companies. I love that. Yeah, I love that. Let's talk about that a little bit more. You touch a lot of different verticals and customers with Portena. I remember a lot of fun instances that you and I uncovered, robotics and a whole bunch of stuff. What are some of the trends you're seeing across verticals beyond that ubiquitous adoption? Because it doesn't have to be about Kubernetes either. Okay, so what I'm seeing especially now is there's a lot of companies out there who would have preferred to have remained, not in the past, but remained where they were on virtual machines. It was, IT was easy. You didn't really have any major challenges. It was just easy because we've done it for years and we know what we're doing. Yeah. And they weren't really wanting to make a move to containerization. There was no real motivating factor. The problem is, Kubernetes and containers in general is such a revolutionary change for people who make software, ISVs or internal DevOps. It's such a revolution. Every ISV now ships as containers. Yeah. You are procuring software. The ability for you to ignore containers now is zero. That was going to say impossible. Because your vendors are now saying, we're no longer shipping a virtual appliance. We're now shipping a Helm chart or a Docker image or a compose file. You can't ignore it. You have to go there, right? So there's that angle. The second angle is the VMware challenges. And be careful what I say there, VMware challenges. You can say anything you want. And there's a lot of people now saying, okay, we want to get off this and onto something new. And whatever you want to believe to move off VMware virtualization and onto another virtualization platform, you're up for a big amount of services, right? Big amount. Now why in your right mind would you go and spend hundreds and hundreds or even thousands of hours migrating from one virtualization layer to another? You haven't moved forward. You've moved sideways and you spent time and money. So this is another forcing factor that says, well actually, let's move from VMs to containers. Let's use those hundreds or thousands of hours and actually move forward, it's not sideways. So I think there are two levers being pulled concurrently which is basically forcing this rapid maturing of the technology. I think it's really interesting. So it's got to be kind of a moment for you. You must be feeling, yeah. That cheeky grin tells me everything I need to know. We're now eight years in, it's about time. Well and when we started talking, I mean it was something like only 15% of companies had even really thought out their container management strategy. I would imagine it's a lot more than that now. I can't wait to see the next survey of the market. But when you're getting everyday companies, manufacturers and automotive companies and everything else, these are the guys who you'd say are slightly more laggard than others now that they're doing this technology or embracing this technology, it really has matured. So yeah, I think the next two years are going to be telling and I think you're going to see that mass pickup now. I think we've reached that point where you get that dog leg in adoption and we see the huge pickup in the next two years. Like, hot take. You're hot take. I think you're right. I'll validate that hot take. I'll plus one that. I'm curious, so Portainer is used by so many different companies. Are there any use cases lately that have surprised or excited you that you can share publicly? Automotive is interesting. Yeah. And I think Tesla changed the game with their over the air updates and being able to push new features to vehicles on demand. And I think a lot of people have woken up and said well actually we need to do more of this and so I think we're going to see more and more automotive companies saying well actually the in-car entertainment or the vehicle control system or other things are going to be container driven. Yeah. IoT, it's kind of struggled for a while.  Just because again all the vendors are shipping now as containers and if you want containers on your devices where you need a container runtime there and so how do you control that when you've got thousands of devices? Yeah. You've got to have it got a management tool set. So. You do. So IoT I think is having its moment as well. So automotive, IoT is interesting. The industry for adoption of containers also is skyrocketing. The number of manufacturers looking to get better efficiency out of their plant and material and people. There's so much cool stuff happening. So much cool stuff happening. There really is some cool stuff happening. AI has been a big topic of conversation. Lots of hype. How is that entering into your world? Do you think it's over hyped?  So we just turned on an API chat bot in our documentation right now. Pultainer we invest really heavily in our doco and our academy. What we found though was people's willingness to go and search documentation is not there. They'd much rather ask a question than go find the answer in the documentation. So even though we've got this amazing documentation that probably answers 90% of the questions, they still ask them. And so putting a chat bot in that was able to front all our documentation, our hit rate from AI to answering community questions, support questions is exceedingly high, right? And I'm like, my goodness, that's amazing. So now we want to put that, rather than just being on the website or in the documentation, we want that in app. But also the questions people are asking are not necessarily Pultainer questions there. How do I get this application running? And I think the ability to provide really specific guidance to how to get the application running through AI is going to unlock even more mainstream use of this technology. So again, there's already two levers. Now there's the third one, which says it's actually going to get dramatically easier because you can ask the questions and it will give you a lot of data innovation. So it's going to be a really simple way of using AI and I know there's a lot more advanced uses of it, but. Brett Hatt talked about the exact same thing. I would give you more credit than that because it's all about increasing, decreasing developer cognitive load and increasing productivity. I mean, everybody wants to do more and if you meet your community where they are when they have that question and they have that struggle and you can provide the right guidance, that's extremely valuable. Also, if you look at the spread of technical capability across the world and developers, right there, not everyone is equal, right? Not everyone is equal, right? That's reality. This has a way of normalizing things. It normalizes out the curve and says actually those who need a bit more help can actually be given the guidance they need without having to admit they don't know the answer. They can ask anonymously and they'll get a lot of guidance and it really helps them with education and again removes a barrier to adoption of this new technology. Yeah, absolutely. Are there any of the CNCF projects that you are particularly excited about? Is it Covino, I think, so you pronounce it? Perhaps. We'll go with your pronunciation. I quite like it. The ability to centrally control policy and governance, I think it's quite interesting. One of the biggest challenges when you get to Kubernetes at scale is how do you centralize your policies and controls and governance and make sure that you don't have any weaknesses or backdoors or holes in your security posture and I quite like this ability to define a policy once and push it at the environment so quite like that. So that's something that we're very interested in as well. I can imagine there's a little bit of overlap. I can see why you like that. Yeah, that's awesome. What do you hope when I have you on the show next that you can say that you can't say today? I know you just got an exciting new announcement and whatnot but next, KubeCon, what do you want to be able to tell me? Rapid adoption to the masses. Again, we've seen at least three times an increase in inbound interest. If that continues, the inbound interest will be off the charts. I see no reason for it to stop based on the market dynamics. So if that's the case, that to me says that this is now a completely unstoppable force and it's crossed that magic threshold to being a technology that's with us forever and mass adoption, it'll have its VMware moment where it's everywhere, ubiquitous and that would be amazing. Well, I look forward to having that conversation in Salt Lake. Neil, thank you so much for joining me today and thank you for hiring me originally and bringing me to my first KubeCon. I am so grateful. It's been a great fun. Yeah, hopefully, yeah. We had a lot of fun. We had a lot of fun every city we ended up meeting each other and I've seen you all over the world at this point now. And if you remember, that was right in the peak of COVID and I think there were more sponsors than there were attendees because everyone was too scared of getting sick. 100% and we were all masked, we remember all the protocol.  That's right. It was the weirdest experience ever. That was a very franken conference and it really does, we've noticed it here today, over 12,000 people, biggest KubeCon ever. It feels, and I don't want to jinx it, but it feels like the before times a little bit. It feels like we're back. It feels like the community is super stoked. 100% Yeah, well, anyway, this has been a blast. I can't wait for our next chat and to talk more about the ubiquity. And thank all of you for tuning in to our fabulous coverage here in Paris at KubeCon, CloudNativeCon. My name's Savannah Peterson. You're watching theCUBE, the leading source for enterprise tech coverage.


Welcome to the Knuckleheads of Liberty. The story out of California where now Gavin Newsom is literally saying, okay, well, if the Supreme Court and Republicans are going to do this, then we are going to essentially pay for anybody to come here and have their abortion. So, you know, I guess he wants to be the abortion travel agent of America.  It's got to make me pay for it. And everybody else that lives in California, we have to pay for their travel arrangements. But, you know, I mean, if I suppose if the, you know, the majority of the people of California who are Democrats and keep electing these people and keep voting for this, and I'm sure the majority, if they were put up, this were put up to vote, hey, would you pay, you know, we're going to increase your cost of taxes 100 bucks a month, but you'll be able to use that money and help a woman come from Mississippi to get her abortion or whatever. And I bet most of them would pass that in California. They have no limits to how much money they want to pay the government. So that I've seen, and I've seen a vote for a lot of tax increases. So I would assume it would pass. And, but, and, you know, so this is a whole 10th amendment. If that's the kind of government that the state of California wants them, that's kind of good. And that's probably how it should work.  You know, it's not going to be essentially a federal government cannot say yes, you have to you can get an abortion. It's a right or no abortion is not allowed. It has neither power nor disability to do either one of those things. Yes, either one is what the ruling said. Am I wrong about that? No, that's correct. That's absolutely correct. There you go. Yeah. The Constitution is completely neutral about the concept of abortion. Exactly. So if that's the case then it goes to the 10th amendment and then all those other powers and disabilities are held in the states and the people. And that's us. And so, okay, now you can still have you can live in a state that allows your abortion or you can travel to one and get an abortion, whether you pay for it yourself, whether you hitchhike, whether Gavin Newsom takes money from other Californians, which is what Gavin Newsom is going to do. He's not going to give it to him himself. He's going to take money from other Californians and give it to somebody from other states all over the United States. And how many millions of abortions do we have in the United States every year? Millions. It's a big number. It's a big number. You have to put a dent in the budget of California and say, hey, come on over. But that's basically the way this ruling went.  All of a sudden. Oh, heaven forbid. You can't get an abortion. But they act like that's the way it is. No, you can still get an abortion.   I get it. I know. I know.  But it's okay if the little baby's still in the womb. Then it's okay. I get it. And by the way, for our listeners here, we have a diversity of opinion on abortion on this show. So it's not like one side of that. We just don't have the time to dive into that. It's not. That's a whole show by itself. That's a whole show by itself. We can really go off the rails arguing about that. Oh, we could. Oh, we could. You know, but I always wonder, I always wonder why these Democrats are so generous with our money. Okay. Tim, you're absolutely right. If that's the kind of government we voted for and Gavin Newsom want to take money from me and you and Jason and give it to somebody in Arizona or in Mississippi to pay for their abortion for them to come here to get their abortion. Okay, fine. That's the 10th Amendment. Fine. Okay. But I always still wonder why are these Democrats always so generous with other people's money? Gavin Newsom want to pay for other people's money. Yes, because other people's money. Non-Californians come here to California to get an abortion. This is insanity and it's worse. Okay. And I always wonder why is this right, this so-called right of abortion so important to the Democrats? Why? That they're willing to do all these crazy things just to make sure that this is quote-unquote a right. Why? Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness always.


Hello and welcome back to the craft box. My name is Brent and today we are on episode 78 of the Completionist Crafters series today We are back in Aquila crafting the lovely storm senators rain cloud shoes adepts actually not senators, but yeah, everything you will need is on screen as always And also the requirements for it and we're gonna go home and craft this boy up real quick real quickly So, yeah, let's do this equipment crafting station as always lovely lovely lovely boots adepts rain cloud shoes But you need one senators rain cloud shoes which is from the first boss in Mount Olympus is the one that I recommend farming Three tridons which you can get from Fitzium or you can go and get them from the bizarre as well Crystal vials Celestia crafting vendor black pearls transmute black lotus or you can find that in the Athenium and Dragon spire water lilies Transmute cat tails blood moss. I recommend farming pink dandelions and finally red mandrake Which is very painful to get and annoying, but yeah, you can kind of find that around the place generally in caves Is generally where I find it. I don't have a good way to get red mandrake at the moment There is quite a few of them. I believe in Firecat alley, so yeah, that's one way, but anyway, let's craft this bad boy up Lovely and as always we will compare this to the Zeus boots, which are generally the best boots But this gives you 60 max health 4% power put chance 9% fire resist 6% ice resist 4% incoming health Incoming heal boost. Sorry and 4% storm accuracy and 9% storm damage level 30 plus storms for only nothing else can be added to it So yeah, that is all for today I hope you enjoyed thank you for watching remember to leave a like and subscribe if we subscribe press the little bell soon Or exactly when I post another video and remember to craft outside the box