So, good morning. You are with the House Government Operations House Judiciary and Senate Judiciary Committee this morning. We are gathering here together to have some time with Dr. Aiton Nasred and Longo, who is the co-chair of the, or the chair of the Racial Disparities Panel, advisory panel, and Dr. Nasred and Longo is going to review with us some of the takeaways of the report that was published, I believe, in December. Is that correct? That is. And so committees, if you are able to, you can go to the legislative website and find a copy of the report there. And so I would love to turn this over to you and have you share any prepared remarks. And then I will keep an eye on the participants list to see if folks have questions for you. Okay. I will, my remarks are relatively short. I had a much longer presentation, but I figured for some reason, unaccountably, I should condense everything and make this as quick as I can and leave enough time for questions or comments that people may have. As you all know, Act 54, which created the panel in 2017, got the ball rolling. It had, the panel had a rather rocky start. There was some friction between the first chairs and other members of the panel. It was awkward and we don't really need to go into it, but it became clear at a certain point that I would, I was appointed to the chair by the attorney general or to the panel, the panel voted me as the chair and it has been that way since. We are required, as you probably know, to produce a report every two years that makes recommendations more or less to the amelioration of racial disparities in both the criminal and juvenile justice systems. This took rather a while. There are a lot of criticism that we weren't moving fast enough. I kind of came on with the belief that from my sixth grade civics class that democracy is one of those things that's horrifically inefficient and really wonderful and take some great deal of time. I said, so we're going to take a great deal and there was some criticism as I say that. But what I was pleased by was the fact that we managed to produce a report that everybody on the panel voted in on, and I felt that that was really important. That we got as much buy-in as possible. I didn't expect unanimity. I was very pleased by it. And I think that part of that had to do with the fact that as David share, who is on the panel, he is the attorney general's representative said, we were making remarks from 30,000 feet, which is to stay very broad, very big. And we didn't feel that we wanted to get too specific because we also felt that that was the job of the legislature, the elected people. We would certainly make recommendations as to areas that we felt needed to be considered. And that is what we've done. We are now, just so you know, in the process of refining that of getting down to perhaps 10,000 feet and thinking about the fact that there probably will not be unanimity at that close range. And what does a report look like when we in fact do that. The big takeaways are one of the big things that act 54 asks is that the panel address a public complaint process. How to institute as it says a public complaint process to address perceived implicit bias across all systems of state government. Again, spoke about this at great length, and the simple answer the readers digest redacted version that is reduces all the new one, I should say, was that we didn't feel we should create a new body that there was no real need for that but that earlier, the Human Rights Commission would be beefed up and we felt that that was an appropriate place to house a public complaint process to in fact address a plus implicit bias across all systems of state government. We suggested that additional resources were needed to prioritize race related bias complaints and to resolve them in a timely manner. The Human Rights Commission would have to establish the infrastructure that was needed to handle and redirect to resolve these cases, and also of course maintain data related to complaints and to outcomes. We recommended of course that funding would be needed to support the Human Rights Commission's well educational outreach and certainly training, caseload coordination, mediation, etc. One of our other mandates had to do rather dramatically with race data collection. The question was whether to expand law enforcement race data collection practices to include data on non traffic stops by law enforcement. And I certainly can note at this point that Act 148 recently passed has provided a path for implementation of data collection reform, and I can certainly let you know that we have been in a lot of meetings over the last probably three weeks with various actors in IT around the state and pulling that together in such a way that we can produce a report about data that is asked for by Act 148 and we will be doing that in association with the Sentencing Commission. The report back in December spoke about the need to increase data collection that captures what we call the high impact, high discretion points that occurred during judicial processes within the state's attorney's offices, the Office of the Attorney General, Office of the Defender General, and certainly of course the judiciary than other high impact, high discretion moments, administrative processes within the Department of Children and Families, and certainly within the Department of Corrections. Other moments would include charging, bail and pretrial release, plea bargaining, sentencing, and the usage of alternative justice options such as diversion. We also feel that data collection needs to be improved with respect to law enforcement by providing resources and expanding them to include information about all use of force incidents, and of course that's starting to be looked at now with S219. And we urged very strongly a commitment to staffing and other resources to collect and compile data properly using best practices given that those change. There were other issues here that I can go through. Those were perhaps the large ones that the mandate from Act 54 required. Oh no, one other, racial profiling in fact. We were asked whether and how to prohibit racial profiling, including implementing any associated penalties. This was somewhat more contentious because there are members of the panel who just don't feel very positively about the idea of creating new laws. And so we didn't get perhaps as far with this as we might have, but we did do some work. One of our recommendations was to ensure that Vermont statutes track federal requirements with respect to due process for those with limited English proficiency, and that would certainly include juvenile delinquency proceedings. Supporting the use of objective and simple screening tools, by first responders to assess the need for mental health or substance abuse treatment and the involvement in this of behavioral health experts. Supporting the development and implementation of training to educate the public on their individual rights. Training should be focused on the people most affected by racial disparities and include training on where to report racially disparaging experiences. Next implementing and expanding training for officers promoted into supervisory and managerial positions to ensure that people occupying those roles will hold all officers accountable on issues of race, racial disparities, cultural competency and of course data collection. We certainly were behind continuing to enforce high standards of training for all law enforcement officers to ensure cultural competency and adequate education in relation to matters of bias. And then lastly in this section, expanding and supporting the use of community policing approaches to law enforcement. Again, those were the big areas that act 54 asks for the panel to consider. We did go a bit further. And we did so because people were thinking, I have to say, these were, it was, it's been a wonderful experience to work with this group of people. It is a platitude to speak of them as people of good conscience and I now know why that's a platitude, because there's a lot of truth in it. And these people thought very broadly, there was a lot of, there were a lot of difficult conversations. There were a lot of truly difficult conversations that I think brought forth some very interesting points. We spoke about training and outreach, needing more training in the area of racial biases, racial equity, cultural sensitivity, and understanding how these matters impact discretionary decision making points. How they entrench or how that kind of bias entrenched white supremacy in the criminal and juvenile justice systems. Training that exists for actors in the system should be expanded to include members and staff of the legislature and citizens as needed. We also spoke about legislative inclusion, you may have heard the phrase, not about us without us. This is something that has come out of many minority communities. The point of this saying concerns the ways in which legislation that affects minority communities is usually created and we felt wrongly without the input of those communities. We were hoping that the legislative proposals that conceivably could impact minority communities could be vetted in some fashion that includes these often silent or ignored voices. We spoke again about home detention, the need for that, for individuals detained pre-trial, having the potential to help keep already tattered minority communities and families together, in this case while the criminal process is underway. We focused again on mental health and substance abuse disorders. Of course, that's very much in the news right now in the wake of the killing of George Floyd. We believed that there needed to be expanded support of response teams that include experts in mental health and substance abuse disorders to assist in responding to behavioral health situations. The hope is that that would avoid a necessary entry into the court system of people who really don't need to be there. And certainly reducing court involvement can reduce the impact of racially disparate outcomes. Staffing, the panel supported a move towards a more individualized approach to cases, one that is more outcome based and designed to address the specific needs of each person in the criminal justice system. This requires a reduction in current case load pressures. We spoke again in this point, it sort of goes back to legislative inclusion in a way impact upon people of color. We were concerned, are concerned with conceiving of strategies to track and document the racial impacts of policies being made in the state. The creation of such legislation shouldn't involve the input of communities of color, and that a body is likely our gap in self. We focused a bit on the matter of discretion, in fact, knowing that discretion is a cornerstone of the criminal justice system. I feel it was necessary to speak of its known benefits, but in light of racial disparity in the application of the law, it was necessary we felt to speak of the many ways in which implicit bias can make its unacknowledged way into decisions made by prosecutors, law enforcement officers and judges. It was felt that by several members of the panel, that a system of oversight of checks and balances, which does not presently insist for the aforementioned official should, and that that lack of oversight that currently insists contributes to the persistence of a problem for citizens who belong to communities of color. So the issue is sort of, that's kind of the big takeaway in here. And we, as I say, are working currently on the data issue which came up very happily in Act 148. That report is due to the legislature on the 1st of December. We're making great headway on it. Our next meeting is a week from tonight. And I think that probably covers it. At least, it's enough. Can I answer any questions for anyone. Thank you so much for for that overview and I see Senator Sears would like to ask a question. Yes. Again, I'll also thank you for the overview and thank you for the report. Very thorough. One of the places that I'm looking at is page, the bottom of page eight staffing. And I'm opening it up at the moment, Senator, it's, it's one of those wonderful moments of having one computer. I guess my question is this is something that frankly I think both judiciary committees and others in the legislature have strived for as much as possible, making the criminal justice system more individualized and the juvenile justice system as well. So that we're dealing with people's actual problems. Because oftentimes, as you know, the crime may not indicate the level of dysfunction or the level of the problem. And I, I wanted to highlight that as an area where we could use ideas, help on how to make this better because our goal has been, I think Representative grad would agree with me, our goal has been an individualized criminal justice system that looks at the person and what their needs are and whether they need to be incarcerated, how long should they be incarcerated, if they should all be and what are the alternatives to incarceration. And I realize this report is about the impact on people of color. But I think in general, this has been our goal. And I would like you to comment a little bit more about that particular section. I need to comment more sir. I'd like to know a little bit more about what went into the thinking of the panel. It is, it is sort of interesting, because in a weird way it imbricated very much with questions around mental health, you know, because in it, and I don't think I'm leaping too far logically here to speak of how mental health are so individual so singular and yet also the sorts of things that get people entree into the criminal justice system. I think we started there and then we kind of went you know, it really is a broader issue of looking at each case more specifically, because in many cases, you know we certainly have this huge overpopulation of people of color. That may have to do with a lot of things, a lot of social problems that need to be looked at so that people are directed in different directions that might then we would hope reduce their involvement with the criminal justice system. And that was where that recommendation came from. I appreciate that I feel. I think it's more than just embedding social workers in police departments. I think that's probably having having adequate information about the individual and their needs before we make a sentencing recommendation. Exactly. And I, I appreciate that I think it's important. I'm not sure how we reduced current caseload pressures, given the budgetary pressures but it's something we should strive for and one of the, one of the, frankly, one of the problems in the criminal justice system it's asked to take on people with significant mental health issues that should be dealt with in a different system. Right, right. But we were. We were acutely aware of funding issues of budgetary concerns, and there was a dialectic really involving most of our discussions that had to do with how far do we go do we really shoot for the moon do we back and off and we really in the end decided to shoot for the moon. And part of that had to do with the fact that 400 years of racism took a tremendous amount of capital to put into place. What systemic injustice looks like in 2020 took a lot of money. I'm talking about slave ships. I'm talking about the kinds of hearings that went on on the federal level to ensure the existence of gerrymandering of redlining I mean it's there was a lot of resource allocation to create systemic problems and I think once one gets to that observation shooting the moon when you come to make recommendations like this seems like a reasonable thing to do, even if money may not at that moment be there. But the fact is, if it took that much to get here. It's probably going to take a fair amount to get away from it. So far as to say that if you if one doesn't think that it would it's probably a bit naive. That doesn't get us away from the budget. But I'm just saying I think that was certainly behind a lot of our thinking when we went for the moon with our report. I will say that and you were involved with it that the effort of justice reinvestment to by spending money that we're sending out of state currently, and spending that on back in the community to try to provide alternatives for people as a step in the right direction, precisely, precisely. Thank you. Representative Colston has a question. Thank you. And I want to thank you Dr. and that's read and long go for a well written and impactful report. And, you know, I believe that white supremacy culture is the air that we all breathe. Regardless of the color of our skin, we are all impacted by this system. So my question is, was there any conversation by the panel on what does dismantling this culture look like? What does mitigating this culture look like? Because for my brothers and sisters who identify as white, you know, you don't know what you don't know. And so any specificity about what that could look like. And on the recommendations, the simple answer is no. We got very concrete. That was partly, I guess I have to take the blame for that. I was very much into, can we make concrete recommendations that actually can be worked on by the legislature. And then could be dedicated to that is certainly an area that the report is lacking in. I would defer to the people who are working on the curriculum. In fact, the people who are working on the, what are what is the term, it's not culturally sensitive it's culturally competent curriculum and I'm not presenting that in the schools that that educational approach is certainly and I'm a teacher so of course I have a bias that way. But I think that that is absolutely where this has to begin. And they are doing that. They are doing that. So I have to say no beyond the recommendations we have not gone into the areas in the ways in which you are asking. Thank you. You're welcome. So I appreciate you framing this and and really helping to challenge us to see this as a as a broader issue and also recognizing that some of the investments that we need to make in order to correct this generations of of disparity and bias are are going to be significant and that will take us time to to appropriate those resources in the right way. I think in that context we recognize here in at least in House government operations and House judiciary. We've talked quite a bit about this that we have a few bills that are in front of us right now that are the ones that we can accomplish right now but we realize that they are but small steps in the in this more systemic process a holistic process of of really helping all of our neighbors. Educate themselves and realize how they have been impacted by systemic racism so we recognize that this is you know we're we're we're at just step one or not step one I mean we've done we've done a number of different things including setting up the the panel that that you headed up to to bring this report to us but there is definitely more that we can and need to do. And you know and there's a lot of culture change on a lot of levels that needs to happen I mean I was speaking with assistant attorney general David share the other day about the cannabis bill and that had come to my attention and sadly too late because we don't need as a panel until next week. But I kind of had a moment, you know, going thinking that if you just think of American history, the regulation of substances has, I think it's not too much to say, really contributed to the mass incarceration problem that we see nationally. So I kind of looked at that bill and had a moment of panic, going, you know, why is this on the front of the art app, you know, what do I do and that's a culture change thing that we need to figure out a better way to kind of get those bills maybe the art that maybe some other body in some way that it's, you know that there is some assessment of racial impact, certainly on a bill like that I mean that's it I must admit to a certain amount of trepidation that that is as far along and committee as it is and you know, I'm kind of like, Oh God, I wish we could have looked at that. And of course with COVID I mean everything is crazy it's 2020 nobody knows what's going on, but you know, those sorts of things culture change, you know that naturally someone would say we need to get this through to and get response from them and then we need to have a way of, you know, looking at it, coming back with concrete suggestions, comments and so on. Those kinds of things and that will take time to figure out. Well, I can speak for myself and hypothetically if I'm chair of government operations in the coming biennium. I would welcome your feedback, obviously passage of the bill is a very small part of the implementation of a tax and regulate system. So there are other opportunities for us to to hear your concerns and in the context of of tax and regulate for cannabis. We are, of course, in Maxine's committee talking about expungement of prior conviction and so would welcome Maxine to jump in for a moment and and just fill us all in on on where the expungement process bill is right now. Great, thank you so we're currently working on it as past the Senate in a larger expungement bill but we are just focusing on cannabis and and I hope to pass that in our committee. This week would be great. Ah, okay. Thank you. Thank you and I thank the Senate for their work on it. Representative Christie has this hand up. Thank you all. Great to see us all here today, working on this together. Both bodies, you know, more importantly. It's a great opportunity for collaboration. And thank you, eat on for being here today. I think your point, your points well taken about intentionality with regard to all legislation that passes through both bodies. I think that we have an opportunity, let's look at this in the positive. We have an opportunity to change the paradigm, as far as how we usually review things. So why not take this opportunity and look at how do we evaluate the effects of our work as a body on the racial and social equity directives across all, you know, establishments of state government. I mean, and the thing is that could probably be simply done. It wouldn't necessarily take a lot to do that. And what I'm getting at is creating a tool, you know, a tool that we would all use that would say, okay, did we look at this, this way. You know, instead of having to get all the way through the process and then go back and go, oh wow, we forgot this we forgot that. So if we can create a framework, you know, a new framework, it wouldn't be too difficult, I think it would just take resolve on behalf of the legislative entities involved to create that. But I think the intentionality around doing that would be a monumental step in mitigating systemic racism. So I just wanted to throw that out there to all of us collectively, but thank you all. So we have, we have only another 25 minutes or so together as as House and Senate members. And so we do want to switch gears to look at a draft of an amendment to 119. And so Barbara if your question is quick. Let's go to that now and if it's not let's see if we can hold on to it and and perhaps there'll be time at the end. Either way, whatever is best. I don't want to keep, I don't want to stop the flow. Okay, well let's let's jump to 119. I think it's valuable since the bill resides in our committee right now. It's valuable for all of us to look at this together, because this is a Senate bill that that we are hoping to bring across the line before final adjournment in September. And so let's look at the draft of an amendment to this bill, and then we can have a few minutes of Q&A and we'll come to you Barbara after that if we if we don't run out of time with the senators. Erin, thank you for being with us this morning and if you would please tell folks where they can find a copy of this bill. Sure. So good morning everybody. I'm going to start with the record brand here from Legislative Council. So on each individual committee web page there should be both a draft of the House judiciary amendment to s 119 and also a side by side comparison of s 119. That details on the left hand column, what the bill as it came out of the Senate look like, and then the right hand column, what the amendment looks like. I think that it may, since we've got the senators and the House members here together, I think it might make sense to do the walkthrough of the side by side because then I can point out specifically where the differences are between the Senate version and the House amendment as it as it currently stands. Thank you. If everybody could pull up their side by side. I'll start the walkthrough there. To start off, I just want to make something clear, which is that the draft amendment has been edited, and the side by side has not been edited so there may be minor technical differences between the two documents. But that will be fixed shortly, but since the editors didn't get a chance to look at it until this morning. They have not had time to look at the side by side. So as I mentioned, the side by side has the Senate version on the left and the House amendment on the right. I'll just start out by pointing out that the House version changes the title of the bill to an act relating to a statewide standard for law enforcement use of force. So rather than referring to this as a use of force policy, it rather sets out the standards for law enforcement use of force, and it also doesn't specifically set those standards for the use of deadly force, but rather for just more generally the use of force by law enforcement. So section one, you'll see that I've highlighted areas where the versions are different. And I'll draw your attention to those as we go through as we go through the sections of the bill. So since you don't have a whole lot of time, I'm just going to say that the subsection a is the definition section and the first four definitions, deadly force imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury law enforcement officer and prohibited restraint are the same in the Senate version and in the House amendment. So these definitions are largely the same as the version of H 808 that House government operations looked at earlier in the session so I'm not necessarily going to go through those carefully. Unless there's a specific question. Instead I'm going to turn the page to page two and look at the fifth definition which is totality of the circumstances because this definition does have some significant differences in the House amendment. So the Senate version set out the totality of the circumstances of the pretty short definition, all facts known to the law enforcement officer at the time, including the conduct of the officer and the words and conduct of the subject leading up to the use of deadly force, a little bit different here in the House version that it includes the words and conduct of the subject and the conduct and decisions of the law enforcement officer leading up to the deadly force. And then if you continue on to page three, it sets out some specific considerations of what the totality of the circumstances is to include. So you see all this language on page three and going on to page four which is in yellow is new language. So this, some of this language comes from the Seattle law enforcement policy for use of force. So this is an additional language regarding whether or not the subject is under the influence of the substance and factors that may indicate the presence of a mental illness. So I'm going to go through these one by one. So A is the seriousness of the crime or the suspected offense. B is the conduct of the subject being confronted as reasonably perceived by the officer at the time, and that includes two subsections here. The first is any signs of intoxication, impairment or disorder thought that's related to the use or consumption of alcohol or controlled substances or subdivision to signs of the subject is suffering the effects of a mental defect or has a physical disability that impairs the subject's ability to understand or comply with law enforcement commands. Subdivision C and at the bottom of page three now the time available to the officer to make a decision. Moving to page four D, the availability of other resources including non-lesal means to gain the compliance of the subject. These include factors regarding like the physical characteristics of the officer and the person that the officer is dealing with factors such as age, size, relative strength of the officer in the subject, the skill level and training of the officer and whether the officer or the subject are injured or exhausted. Subdivision F is environmental factors and any exigent circumstances. So all of those particular factors fall under totality of the circumstances. So any consideration of what the totality of circumstances includes is going to include this whole list of other factors. Is that clear? That's pretty important since the policy really hinges on totality of the circumstances including like you'll see objective reasonableness or the reasonable belief of the officer is throughout these standards. And all of those determinations are going to hinge on what the totality of the circumstances are. Is that clear enough for me to keep going? Jim Harrison has his hand up. Yeah, just a quick question, Brian. Adding all of these details make it more complicated in the sense that you've got to go through all these steps to see which ones you satisfy. I mean, I would think in the original language is sort of like a gut check by the officer quickly in his head. Or her head that of what they got to do. I'm just, I don't know, it seems like a lot of detail and I'm just wondering if it muddies the waters a little bit, but maybe that's just me. Well, I would, I would note that this, these factors are going to be considered by the finder of fact and any, in any case that's before a court, for example. So I wouldn't, I look at these more of as something that as what a court will look at in determining whether or not the use of force was reasonable in a particular set of circumstances, rather than something that the law officer has to consider before using force. Thank you. Representative Gannon and then Senator Benning has his actual hand up. Thank you. Most of these, you know, are fairly clear but going down to the final one environmental factors and any exigent circumstances. Can you explain that a little more what that means. So, again, this is from the Seattle law enforcement use of force policy. And because it comes last, I think that it's designed to sort of be a catch all what else is going on at the time. I read exigent circumstances to mean any other sort of pressing environmental factors that are going on around the situation. I do think I agree that it's sort of a broader, a broader factor to consider and I do think it's intended to be a catch all. Yeah, it's huge. I mean, could throw anything in there. I mean, are these known to the officer or just general. So, to me it that reads as generally what is going on at the time because exigent circumstances really means any pressing circumstances at the time I think that you could extrapolate to the officer, but it doesn't specify that. Thank you. Senator Benning. Thank you madam chair, Brent, I'm assuming that these factors have been incorporated into the training of law enforcement officers in Seattle. Do you have any information that they have not been. No, they are required to receive training on this policy. I'm not, I don't know. For sure what that with the amount of training is. Okay, and just to follow up, are you aware of any court cases where this has been used to defend an officer who's been accused of violating the policy. There are court cases, I would, I'm not able to summarize those at this time, but I can certainly send you some if you'd like. If you have links, I'd love to read them. Thank you. And representative again if I might just follow up on your question. I would just correct myself that the definition of totality of the circumstances is all facts known to the law enforcement officer at the time. And those are to include that long list of specific factors. So any environmental factors and exigent circumstances would need to be known by the law enforcement officer at the time. Thank you. Thank you. Representative Hooper and then Senator Sears. Sorry, I was just rolling my finger over that but since it did catch. This is been intended for criminal type evaluation of an officer's behavior does delineating all this stuff have a civil impact also. So, as we get a little bit further into these standards, we can talk about how these standards are likely to be evaluated. I don't think necessarily this would be have a criminal impact. Because you do set forth an affirmative right in this amendment or in the bill. I do think that it creates a civil cause of action, but I think that it's an open question whether or not it would have any impact on a criminal proceeding gets a law enforcement officer. Senator Sears. I just wanted to suggest given that this is still in House committees that we review this and and hopefully finish it by noon time and many of us have to leave. So understanding that at some point the House and Senator going to have to reconcile any differences that are still there. And hopefully we'll be able to use a process that perhaps avoids a conference committee but if necessary that's what we would take so I, I just kind of urge us to look at this as the House proposal of amendment and see where you end up. Before we start to pick it up. Yes, and let's see if we can jog through this in the next 10 minutes, since I know the senators do need to leave. Thank you. Thank you. Okay, so I'm going to pick it up again then. So I'm on page four about halfway down the page subsection be use of force. So just generally I would describe the changes in this section are to set forth standards that apply to the use of force by law enforcement generally as opposed to the use of deadly force. And we'll get into the use the standards for the use of deadly force in the next subsection C. So you'll see the one is the same B2 sets out the standard for law enforcement use the force generally. So again that general use of force standard provides that law enforcement shall only use the force that's objectively reasonable, necessary and proportional to affect an arrest to prevent escape or to overcome resistance of a person the officer has reasonable cause to believe is committed to crime, while protecting the life and safety of all persons. So again, that general use of force standard provides that use force has to be necessary has to be reasonable and has to be proportional. And you're going to the standards here are going to get into what those words mean necessary, reasonable and proportional in terms of this subdivision, a little lower down. And I'll point those out as we go. And I just also want to point out you see that subdivision to in the Senate version that language is doesn't appear here in the house version, except for it does a similar language is set forth in C2 of the House Judiciary amendment, which is in the use of deadly force section of the standards. So you do see something similar there that language doesn't go away completely. So I'm going to move on to page six now subdivision for this language has been reworded slightly to turn the evaluation on whether it was objectively reasonable, whether the decision by law enforcement to use force was objectively reasonable is evaluated from the perspective of a reasonable officer in the same situation based on the totality of the circumstances, which we described earlier on the definition section. I highlighted the language and subdivision five in the Senate version there. You see it doesn't appear here in the house version, but you can find that language or modified version of that language in subdivision to a subsection be so that language also from the Senate version doesn't disappear completely. Now that's a little confusing. Let me know if you need clarification there. Otherwise I'm going to move on to subdivision five. So this is language that also comes from the Seattle policy and this describes what the word necessary means in the use of force standard that we went through in subdivision to. So provides the use forces necessary if no reasonably effective alternative to the use of force appears to exist. And the amount of force used is reasonable to affect the lawful purpose intended and whether using forces necessary again is based on the totality of the circumstances at the time that the force was used. So that sets out with that word necessary means and when it's appropriate to use force. Subdivision six. I'm on the following page page seven now this talks about what the word proportional means. And with respect to that use of force standard. The forces proportional if the level of force applied reflects the totality of the circumstances, including the nature and immediacy of any threats posed to the law enforcement officer or others. Proportional force doesn't require officers to use the same type or amount of force as as is used by the subject. And then you'll see this is sort of a broader statement. The next statement is a broader statement that the more immediate the threat and the more likely that the threat will result in death or serious bodily injury so essentially the more serious the threat and the more immediate it is. The greater level of force that may be proportional, objectively reasonable and necessary to counter it. And again that's all language that appears in the Seattle use of force policy. I'm on subdivision seven now I know I'm rolling through this I will listen for the chair if you interrupt me for questions. Bottom of page seven subdivision seven is a new section. And this language really describes proactive steps. The law enforcement should take if feasible prior to using force. This language is essentially describing de escalation tactics and techniques. And it comes from the justice and policing act from the congressional House of Representatives. So prior to using force law enforcement, if feasible she'll take proactive actions to stabilize the situation. So that more time options and resources are available to gain a person's voluntary compliance or reduce or eliminate the need to use force at all. And those would include verbal persuasion warnings tactical techniques slowing down the pace of an incident waiting out a subject, creating distance between the officer and the threat and requesting additional additional resources to resolve the incident. I'm going to move on to the next subdivision now subdivision see. So this sets out the standard for law enforcement use of deadly force. Subdivision one languages largely the same law enforcement is justified and using deadly force upon another person only when based on the totality of the circumstances, such forces objectively reasonable and necessary to do one of the following. Subdivision three is the same as defend against an imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury imminent debt threat of death or serious bodily injury is defined or apprehended fleeing person for any felony that threatened or resulted in death or serious bodily injury. If the officer reasonably believes that the person will cause death or serious bodily injury to another, unless that person is immediately apprehended that language same as the Senate version. Subdivision two, this language is new. This is a description of what the word necessary means in context for this for the standard for use of deadly force by law enforcement. So the use of deadly force is necessary when given the totality of the circumstances and objectively reasonable law enforcement officer in the same situation would conclude that there was no reasonable alternative to the use of deadly force that would prevent serious bodily injury or death to the law enforcement officer or to another person. And when feasible law enforcement officer shall employ all other reasonable means before resorting to the use of deadly force. And that sort of reiterates that language that you saw in subdivision B seven about deescalation tactics being required. I'm going to move on to subdivision three. I'm on the top of page 10 now. This is also new language law enforcement officer shall cease the use of deadly force as soon as the subject surrenders or no longer poses an imminent danger of death or serious bodily injury to the officer or to another person. That language also comes from the Seattle policy. The remaining language on pages 1011 that details the policy for the use of deadly force by law enforcement is the same. There's no difference there until you turn to page 12. And we get to subdivision seven and this is the language that relates to prohibited restraints. So you can see, if everyone's with me on page 12. I'm going to move on to prohibited law enforcement from using a prohibited restraint as it's defined in the bill for any reason. And the house version here provides that law enforcement officers may use prohibited restraints, but only in a situation where the use of deadly force is justified, and no other intervention is available to law enforcement to defend against an imminent serious bodily injury. Again, that's a defined term to the officer or to another person. Some additional language there that provides law enforcement is not justified and continuing to use a prohibited restraint, when there's no longer an objectively reasonable belief that the suspect continues to pose an immediate threat of either death or serious bodily injury to the officer or to another person. And lastly, that subdivision eight is the same language that appears in the Senate requiring officers to intervene. If they observe another officer using a prohibited restraint on person. So representative Lalonde briefly before our Senate colleagues need to go to their next meeting. I wondered if you would frame up a little bit about where this came from. Well, I'd be happy to. So this came from really looking at a lot of different sources, looking at various policies on Seattle policy has been mentioned. I was kind of pointed to that after discussion with Julio and David share at Attorney General's office about where to go with this bill. I mentioned that Seattle has one of the best policies in the country you mentioned a few others, but I knew this one would be close to representative bird its heart. So I looked at that one particularly but there are there are policies in Vermont, including in South Burlington which is very similar to the policy that's in in Seattle so so it wasn't just looking at Seattle I looked at several policies around the state of Vermont also spoke with some states attorneys who gave some input on this spoke with a professor who was written about this and looked at a number of law reviews and are in cases etc to come up with with some proposed language which I'm sure will go through the ringer with testimony over the next week and a half but just wanted to let you know where where these ideas came from. Thank you to expand on that, what if anybody wants to know a little bit more. So, thank you to Senate Judiciary for for joining us in this joint hearing this morning I know that it's a short amount of time, but we do appreciate the opportunity to look at these. These proposed changes together and trust that we can work together over the coming weeks to iron out. I hope so. I, if you could get us a timeline that would also be helpful. Since two committees are working on it sometimes. It takes longer in the house and so we need to know a timeline of my understanding is we're adjourning about the 25th of September. Yes, won't give the Senate much time to react if we're not working together on this. Exactly. So, chair to chair, we'll, we'll have some conversations in short order. Thank you. Thank you. So I wanted to go back to to Barbara's question. Okay, so. Is our witness still here actually. It was a moment. Yes, he is. Okay, so. In trying to take in everything in the report. And please tell me if this doesn't feel like a fair question but I'm wondering what would success look like for you. In what we end up doing for the rest of this session. I mean, I feel like you have a really great handle on some of the parameters, but it would be sort of good to hear your vision of what would be really important to to accomplish. I have kind of an odd idea. Um, Julio Thompson, I am honored to call a friend. Me too. I am one of the things that I enjoy about Julio is, is his just sort of boundless and protean intelligence. One day we were talking about consent decrees, because he's been involved in many of them really. While we were talking, I had one of my moments and I said, why can't the legislature create a consent decree for itself. I kind of paused and he kind of went, and I'm like, I know you're going to do precedent at me, and I'm going to say I'm not a lawyer, and that I don't care. Um, because I like the idea of the body setting for itself, a timeline of saying here is the big picture, or shall we say, here is one big picture. And we're committing that at this point we're going to be able to do this and at this point we're going to do this and so on, as police departments who are under DOJ jurisdiction during the consent decree do. And what I like about that is it gets us past a problem that really arose, certainly after the murder of George Floyd, and I will admit to an extraordinary amount of personal frustration with, we need to do it now. And I reactivity I'm the son of a social worker of a psychiatric social worker who is extraordinarily wise and brilliant and she has. She's given me everything I have I think, to this day. And one of the things that I have learned from my dear mother is that reactivity is a terrible space from which to act. I felt like we were all reacting after May 25. And I feel like there's a lot of legislation that was rough around the edges. I certainly know things I brought back to various panels and commit committees that I'm on people were angry. I feel like a consent decree would make it clear. First of all, because it's not done. It would be so clear to the, to the world that Vermont is doing something really different and serious about this that we're going to put something you know it's not unprecedented in law. Not it is a legal idea, but that we're going to put something together here and we're going to use it very unconventionally, we're going to put ourselves speaking as a legislator that I'm not. We're going to put ourselves on a consent decree. We've taken testimony from community members about this. Here are some deadlines and here are some things that need to happen. And we're not going to rush it because we know that after four centuries rushing it is nothing more than lip service. That's my fantasy. So one, I'm glad to listen to your mother. Yeah, I'm a social worker so double yay. I agree about the reactivity and I just want to say two things. One is when representative Morris and I were both serving together. We started the idea of doing a racial impact statement requirement on legislation, and I've committed to trying to see that out. I have age 362 which didn't get any action this year, but I think that would help us with reactivity if we're absolutely. And the only other thing I'd say is while I appreciate reactivity, if silence feels like it would be being complicit and so I see your point about a consent decree and I'd be curious to have my colleagues, if that's binding future legislatures. You know, I don't know. Yeah, very much. You're welcome. So Mike per wiki has his hand up. Thank you madam chair and thank you a ton and absolutely reading from the readings from the other side of pot me. Oh, I appreciate the idea of a consent to grade it makes me think we're getting ready to pass a global warming Solutions Act, which I think does something very similar, which holds the state to some standards, and allows us to. I forget the term now but we can take action so I'd like to follow through on this and see what we can do with it. Thank you. Thank you so much. Committee any other questions for Dr. Nesred and long ago before we switch gears. All right, so I appreciate you. You know, framing up this urgency that we all feel and and also, you know, suggesting some restraint in terms of how we, how we act on that sense of urgency. Maxine. Yes, thank you. Thank you as well. I want to echo those those thoughts as well and look forward to, to working with you more. Thank you. So at this point, House Judiciary will, will meet separately and move on and but I want to do thank you, Sarah and your committee and everybody for for this this was helpful. And I know that tomorrow morning we will be doing another walkthrough of the amendment. So I know pretty quickly, but it was important having having a house government ops and synergy judiciary here to get through that. But we'll do that again tomorrow in our, in our committee. So, okay, thank you. So, so we leave and I guess you stay right.  So thank you all for joining us this morning and see you soon.


happy afternoon everyone present here hope you are all healthy now well I'm allowing a self-professional department of commerce and humanities and I'm pleased to be a moderator for the session on the suspicious day 2021 the NSS unit of Tetsuo College Presidency webinar and I'm very much happy to see you all to this digital platform and I'm taking the privilege to welcome you all of this before all this is all of you for the sisters and every year 20 second of April observed as a yet they across the globe and the people and the majors they couldn't take part in civic activities towards what towards rising awareness and about a critical issues like this way like that we have the speaker Mr. M. he was he is currently working in faculty of Department of Management in Naifothima College of Arts and Science in Madurai Tamil Nadu and he is a brilliant academic record and he is also a high-class coordinator of this college and he is currently in Indian society for technical education and Indian society for ergonomics and right now all the countries on the world were exactly suffering from the medical efficiency and now we have an exhibition on this topic and yes the session is also starting a climate action and this is the time to invite our speaker to present his thought on this day and welcome himself but he can present your position and welcome to this board and the session will be in the process. Sir good evening sir. Good evening. It's audible to you all. I'm clear to you sir. It's not that much audible. Can you please raise your hand? Sir, it's audible right now. It's audible right now. Sir, can you increase your voice? Sir, it is audible right now. Yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, yes. Yes, yes, yes, yes. Sir, good evening on Nandola, present over here. I thank Testo College for being organizing this NSS unit talk about Europe Day and the topic of climate control. I first stand Mr. Salahuddin for bringing me this opportunity to talk on to the students of NSS unit. Sir, you start off the session. Sir, shall I go on? Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Yes, sir. Can you show the QPD? Yes. Yes, yes. Good evening. So here I'm going to talk about the world climate change, right? And I'll just start with some trace of sentences, right? Relatively, it is speeding up of spreading of any other day to day life. It is speeding up of spreading of more diseases or natural disasters or unexpected cyclone or a storm, right? Or unexpected heavy rainfall. So these kind of activities make us to wake up that the earth is responding to us something about the climate, what is going on right now. The climate change refers to a change in environmental condition of the earth. So, and foremost I start with the word earth is a planet or we live there. It is not only for the human being, it is also for all the living beings over in the universe, right? So I hope you all agree with this point. And first thing, I must say that this happens due to the internal external factors. So what is internal and external? As now in the pandemic period, we have been more safer. We feel safer and we are more caution to be as a safer site or being more hygiene to not to make ourselves in the shelf of the disease. The climate change has become a global concern over the last few decades, right? And beside this climate change affect life on earth in various ways. This climate changes are having various impact on ecosystem and ecology. So there are many scientific words we use. Ecosystem, atmosphere or ozone layer. So everybody knows the point of change of any way that scientists or as before we call it as intelligent species over the years, right? So nowadays it is not we have to change that idea that we are not responding to the earth. We are just making us a comfort zone. What are the facilities we have? And what are the, we are just thinking of the earth as a facilitator. And that facilitator also needs some concern in our internal external factors. And here the internal factors I refer to the word of the, what the mindset, what the people they have, what's the mindset of the people they have, right? And second thing, when you go for any, due to this number of changes that happen to the climate, the climate started changing a long time ago, human activities also. So here the human life, we just make ourselves to the respondent as we have some changes in your lifestyle. So before that we are not thinking of the global warming or the ozone. We are just having many words and we are having many forums to resolve these things. And now in this pandemic time, we feel the warming of the earth. That is warming in the sense, the heat that is generated over the year, which affects the agriculture, water supply. And there are many several problems that arises. And also we are very familiar about the greenhouse effect, right? So there are many technical terms that we not go to the technical terms. I go for the internal factors, whatever we have. So as a human life, as for example, it is a horse race, right? We are just moving our life towards this world's success. And as we are the human, we just have in our mind the word success means. Sir, that's right. Just go on the side. The success means the point we get money, the comfort and the position, everything. And now the earth is responding, the success of a human being is to have the optimum level of using of your resources, what we have. And usually this NSS unit, people's or students, we are here to educate or conduct some campaigns or any modules or program to make the public or the people who live nearby to make them to insist the smaller moves that can have a tremendous change in the climate, what we are being observing right now. So there are many factors, right? So earth is living being as the main factors, we say, mainly technical terms and go on. So what's the actual reason for this climate change? So there are natural reason or a human reason. And now the human reason plays a main role in changing the weather condition over time. So climate is the average of weather over time. And it has been, I'm here to say these three lines. CCPA index, that is sea plant, the impact of their letters C. So I'm going to say some, at the end of the session, you'll be trying to know the importance of the letter C. So whenever the climate change that whatever we use, we come across a word of carbon or carbon dioxide. So that carries the letter C. The initial stage, the C carries out the meaning of the word carbon or carbon dioxide. So water may be that thing. So what is CCPA index? So there is a global need. There is a climate policy. Countries that progress implementing the policies work towards the Paris agreement goals. Actually, they just make some values or statistical values depending upon the country's performance. Whatever we have, we are coming across and how much we use the nature and how much we re-resurgence factors, whatever we use in the field of nature. And second, I just say the word what is Paris agreement? That is the Paris agreement goal. What is Paris agreement? They just agreement that what is the promotional measures that doesn't take them both economically, economically and socially, which have a positive impact over the people mindset in controlling the climate changes. So it's a legal binding internationally to economic and social transformation. So it carries about the three points. First one, action towards resilience. The word resilience is more important towards right now. I hope you all know the meaning of the word resilience. It is a rebad or a game. Or after getting some effectiveness, we are just returning back to the same position. That word implies the meaning of the word resilience. So the action towards resilience, whatever we get now, we need to get some action. For example, in this pandemic time, we are being used to being home and doing all our work. Automatically we are being maintained the social distance and we are being automatically following the hygiene factors or hygiene procedures by learning about new things. Even the kids, three or four or five year kids, they are learning to wear a mask now. So the education can be imparted by God of lifestyle. So the earth is responding to change a minor change in the lifestyle of a human being. Which also enhance the living being. There is animal plant in the universe can also be as a facilitating factors of the living things. And supporting a collective progress of preventing of raising temperature. So what is the raising temperature? Everybody knows the bird sea as is earlier before. There is a carbon or a CO2, whatever may be the thing. So the raising temperature in the sense that the earth is getting an atmospheric climate or a change or a designing of the atmosphere is getting a slight change. As our history says, before 100 years of time, the Himalayan snowfall, snow, there is a snow cap, ice cap which is started melting that everybody knows. So what is the reason behind that? The raising of one percentage of your heat temperature with the channel. So can you please wait for a minute. Check with this side. Okay, talk to this side. Sir, we will join you. I have a net focus here. So we will be back in few minutes. Please be patient. Sir, I am audible. Yes, yes, yes. Sorry for the interruption. Sir, we have been having a driving force towards a human being to have some smaller, minor changes in your culture of life.  It is not a climate change. The nature is insisting us to change ourselves as human being. We have been more of an intellectual in inverting new gadgets or we have been connecting a 5G network with a human being. And what are these we connect with the earth. So the earth has been giving us a one signal to connect the human being or living things to the earth first. So we are having foremost things. For example, when I do this presentation also, we do have any plastic or a headphone or whatever material we use. Sorry for the interruption. Sir, it is clear now? Yes, sir. Thank you. So I come again to the point again. So human being we are having using the network of 5G to connect the peoples. And it is a time to connect with the earth right now. So the earth is insisting us to have a connect with the people and the earth with the minor changes in their lifestyle first foremost. So more than a human being, we are also responsible with the living creatures of animals and plants over the earth. And also we have been responsible to give space to them also. So next slide.  We are being connected with the people with the high technological base and now it is time to connect the earth with the human beings as the internal factors. So next slide. So what does our climate changes? So I can just say that we have been surrounded with many practices what we do. And what are the climate things we do? And basically we say that the increasing of average temperature is responsible for getting the earth more warmer. So this average temperature it is consist of all the season. It is maybe summer or a spring or autumn or whatever it is. Only the summer or rainy season we are being more caution that today is more rainfall. Today the temperature is so hot. So it is not like that actually. It involves the average flow of temperature during all the season. And at the end of summer season the sun or the earth respond towards the human a lot. And states that you are not being right for the before season as well. So this kind of changes is called the pattern changes. What is the pattern changes? As we know rising sea level and rainfall pattern change and heat waves. And these are the three first symptoms that the earth conveys to the human being that some changes has to be made in the pattern of life that human what lives now. So we are here to change the pattern of life right now. And this kind of things also now we are being with the situation of disease spread. So this may be also reason of the warm of the earth. Due to that interruption of the cyclic process of the atmospheric level. We have been facing this kind of abnormality or this irregularity of the heavenly earth that been processing for a years of years of time. Next slide sir. As we are being respondent. First we think about ourselves that whether we respond to the earth whatever things. So it is a fact of atmosphere or it is a factor of what are the gadgets we used or carbon issues. And what are the food cycle what we are planning right now and what we consume right now. And in case of food nowadays the packed food right. And we are being very used to be as a using the disposable waste. Before the period we are being thinking of how the waste can be reused or it can be recycled or something else. Now the percentage of this disposable waste ages is more higher and we are being in the position not to use this disposable and prevent the factors which generate the waste right. Which generate the waste that's a prime thing now we have to do things. So the first thing I just say the minor changes what we like to do right now is growing the native plants as a NSS unit. And here in Tamil Nadu also we do we have started these things planting the native plants. So what is the native plant? The native plant is a amicable or a suitable plant which grows to the geographical units or a geographical areas which is more suitable for that climatic condition. So such plants also contribute in changing the carbon percentage or carbon dioxide percentage. So in that we have a two set of plants that is C3 plant and C4 plants. First I will go for the word C3 plant. So every animal needs food for all seasons right. So animals in the sense bovins. And C3 plants are for cool season plant. What is a cool season plant? Usually I just go with the small scientific explanation of plant. The plant is a living thing which absorbs the carbon and also it absorbs the oxygen level from the root and it produces the help of reviving enzymes. It produces the energy and midway there are many processes that goes on. So they reduce the CO2 and they directly try the enzymes reviving and this kind of molecule converts into three carbon acids. So it actually reduces the C. That's the second Cm just saying right now. So C3 is a second C. These plant help the atmospheric temperature and minor changes right. For example daffodils. So daffodils are flower is there in the roadside and they are C3 plant and they communicate to the earth by having these kind of absorptability. So what they do they are being more effective in the season of cool season and they absorb and they usually we know the process of photosynthesis right. The somatos processing process in photosynthesis it closes in the daytime and absorb all the oxygen and during the night time it closes. So in case of cool season it absorb all the gases that is C gas from outside and emit the oxygen level and produce some enzymes and this varies the temperature of 65 to 75 Fahrenheit and these plants are less efficient in summer season. So see that a plant which is having a minor incise or we are not being noticed well this contribute the control of climate. So these kind of plants usually we home what we have we don't select these kind of native plants and now we have been more emphasis in ornamentation plants or what are the shelves whatever we use. So now people can move on to the search of C3 plant their nativity right. So you can search for your geographic location and search for the plant to your campus or your home around and you can plan this kind of plan. Obviously this plan doesn't look good or they are not more harmful at all. So this plant also contribute to the earth atmospheric temperature at the minor percentage of level. So next slide. Next I come to a point of C4 plants. So why I call the word C4 because it converts the molecule of 4 carbon acid biologically and what is the C4 plant? It is a warm season plants and usually I said before in Himalayan the ice cap melts so during that warm season we can see some sharp or a smaller grasses that emerges in the icebergs or the landscape of icebergs. So these plants are being naturally doing the job of high efficient in gathering the CO2 and they withstand the temperature of 90 to 95 degree Celsius. So see this kind of plant can survive in warm climate and they are having the longer period of stomato photos in this process. So this plant also contribute in the process of summer season or a warm season in conversion of this process. So this is a third C, process of the C of carbon and C3 plants and now I am crossing the word of C4 plants. So these two plants contribute the season wise controlling of the atmospheric temperature which we are not being noticed till now so that I use the word native plants to be given more importance. Instead of having, I am not saying that it is a not point to neglect all other plant or flower or something else. From right now we can give some importance to grow the native plants which contribute that geographical temperature as well. So depending upon each areas or each delta or each geographical location you are living for depending upon that location these plants contribute their contribution in reducing the four carbon acids. So we can go for the C plant or C3 plant conversion whatever the things. So next slide. And usually whenever the warm global warming the first word we get in the mind is greenhouse effect. So wherever the country they go, greenhouse effect is nothing but it is a blanket over the atmosphere in preventing of the warm air or the exhibition of this CO2. So even though it is a conventional process or it is being used right now and this has also been deviated effect in the cyclic plan of the atmosphere. So the greenhouse effect it also help but in case of controlling our climate that is it control the clients of the communicating part of your earth. For example I said the word now so it is some areas of geographical plant this greenhouse effect also contribute to the extent. So next slide. So next slide. So then I go for some form before I said the word CCPA that is an index which rate the country's contribution over the renewable resources what we use. As first I said the Denmark is a country which has been placed one they have been using all the renewable resources in the country and they insist the people also to use such kind of pattern change of life. So IPC stands for the intergovernmental plan in climate change created by the world meteorological organization. So they are the forum which produces a report of each country and gives a scientific report to reduce the green gas emissions. So they keep on for example and television daily we use to see the rainfall and the temperature prediction. Same way this IPCC will exhibit the report of each country's renewable gas emission and what are the adaptability of all trade system can be done in water and food management. Basically they give advice for the water management. They give some advice what are the smaller or some policy alteration can be done in managing the water system in a country. So then and there they will be giving some policy design for each country depending upon the report what they get. This is purely based on the statistical report they get then and there or maybe daily report or weekly report something else. So what is now I am going to say the second word of after the C plan now we are being the step of thought process. Usually the words have more power to change the human behaviors as till now we have been listening to the same words it may be a Bhagavad Gita or Holy Quran or something else. We just read from that word we get some changes in our behavior. So it is not a thing that we are going to have a concrete step over there and I cannot say that we are just packet all this concrete buildings and we can go and settle in the forest. It is practically impossible right now. So only the possible way is we can have some baby steps. Why use the word baby step? Baby step is initial step and it is a firm step of a baby which is going to walk or run throughout their life.  Sorry Is it clear sir? Yes sir So I will come to you with the point of baby step. So thought process measures and thought process measures the sense of the baby steps. First one stop generating waste before the years after 16 or 17 we have been confusing and using our own technology how to recycle the waste or reuse the waste and with that idea now we are being ended up with the word of disposable wastages. So wherever we go it has been mandatory to use some disposable wastage which came from the word recycling of goods or reusing of some used materials same way. And now it is a point that stop generating waste. Why do we create a waste or a plan to reuse the waste? So it is a plan right now to stop using stop generating the waste. And second one prevent wastages that's a common thing that's the same point and optimize the need and the native plants as I said earlier this kind of thought process plays a main role in controlling the carbon emission which in turn regulates the climate controls that is climate change right so next slide sir and now we are being having some see right there is a see for comfort change climate again a chance and choice so let me come for each and every word as I said earlier we are being enjoying the comfort zone till now with the word of comfort we are being inventing more technology which has harmed the earth mother till now right right so we are the point to rethink now or we design the process what we are being now and re-rise the thought that's the main thing the comfort usually we used to say when you are in a comfort zone we are being not it is a fear of changing the challenges and now the earth is saying that humans you are being a comfort zone and we created all this gadgets or whatever thing and we are not being thinking of the effect of these plastics or whatever things we use right now and second thing in case of changes the word change usually the restriction to change that is R2C in management we used to say the word when a company is going to develop if there is any R2C that is RTC there is a restriction to change the company cannot develop right so there are many management process which does eradicate the resistance which are going going for the changes and now we are being a situation that already we are being there during the pandemic period we have changed ourselves a lot we have changed our lifestyle and we are being more recognized towards the geographical lifestyle right now right as I said earlier this kind of change is being carried out with the form of need based economy I am using word economy it is not a turn of money that is the need based thing before that human being needed many things for their life comfort so they created all these things and the next thing we transformed to the greed based economy what is the greed in the sense what are the need we know and what are the sophisticated life we want so we have enjoyed other things for example even in right now we are being if a temperature is high outside we are being under the cool air conditioner room and even the noon time we are being using the light right so it is apart from the it is it cannot be avoided or it can be thrown off to the next segment right now so this kind of change to be done right now also so we we need to have some stop producing waste rather than regenerating the waste and second thing climate so climate is what is right now and everybody is speaking the word of climate right now before that we are just saying that there is no rainfall there is a summer season what is the season we enjoyed all the things we know that that should be a holistic change in the lifestyle even though right now we are being a better life or a happy life or a safety life so we need a holistic change holistic in the sense we need to have a mindset to change ourselves there is not a change of life we are going to redesign our feeling of what is the time we spend that is during as I said earlier we are being feeding to the temporary pleasure points so just you think of what are the things what we use right now we know that it harms the earth but we use as it gives the feel of temporary pleasure points so just we have a shift of change in our daily routine life or minor changes which can change a better life or a happy life or a safety life so practically and possible measures that kind of activity is called as a baby step right now we are being handling right so whatever we are not thought of we are being using this kind of connectivity with the people in this pandemic so we are being using some unusual things which we are being usual right now right so that kind of point is being termed as a word practically and possible measure to be done and scientifically also they are being going for a green protocol to reduce the excess emission of gases there is a point or a way of track it is being going on a scientific way as people everybody cannot be a scientist right and now it is a point that everybody need to have some changes as well right and usually we also have economy of use and throw economy right now what is we are being confined to the word of use and throw economy we use some temporary disposable tumblers or a pet bottles or even a packed food and we have been not concerned what happened next to the packages we use and throw that economy that economy now has transformed to a giant in the factor of climate control system right that was in case of statistics we used to have we used to say the word of linear change so linear change in the sense the factor X will be a constant and the factor Y will be moving on to extend variation if it reaches the maximum level the X variant changes that is called the linear linear economy usually we used to say when you compare this linear economy to this carbon emission atmospheric system what we have been having we need to have some alternatives we are not going to have change externally I can use the word go local go natural so this kind of practical and possible measure can be started with the native place or I can use the word geographical place to prevent the wastages and not to generate wastages I can go for the word go local and go natural as we have been come across the unhealthy process food comes what are the things we have been more concerned about the taste of the food rather it has been unhealthy even the food may be unhealthy the packing of that to preserve the healthiness of the food pack in such a way that the packages damages the atmospheric environment so this promote usually we used to do that we used to promote this kind of thing starting from an entrepreneur what is the word of entrepreneur why it comes to the climate change we can just start with this minor changes with the entrepreneurs we can go and say them about these kind of changes or go natural or just be an eco friendly system that we can use so this kind of activity can be done to the local things or the place where we live and these people can start their changes in warming up the communication part so usually when we go for exercise we used to warm up warm up in the sense we have been preparing ourselves to do exercise in the same way when we are going to do some baby steps for example C4 plants or giving some the prevention of wastages what are the other things now we are being teach the entrepreneur how the unhealthy process of food comes in effect of the climate changes so at least the future generation can know the word of methane or sulphur so we are being used to the word CO2 for a longer period of time everybody blames the word CO2 and no human blames the word of human being they are being giving a part to grow that carbon birds that is a sea bird we have been blaying the word sea and not being the root cross who evaluated or given more dismissive evolution of sea which affects the human life as well and we say the word modern life or technological life so these kind of technological or modern life again it goes with the same word of comfort things the only thing is we need to have some changes and educate the change to the people nearby it is not more scientific we cannot go and take classes of what is the greenhouse effect and what is the atmospheric layers what is the stratosphere what are the practices of the lifestyle and say them these kind of minor changes can also have some effect in the next season and it is more for example in case of COVID-19 we have been having a shield of COVID-19 in whatever comes but scientists say that only the sanitizer can have the first measure of killing the virus even though we intake all the medicine or precautionary food whatever we use same way this kind of baby step can prevent the or it can contribute the larger percentage of controlling of this warming of the earth the next slide sir audible sir audible yes sir audible sir so here I am going to see the word of change can change climate change so this is a C5 firstly sort of word C and carbon dioxide 2 and C3 plant and C4 plant and now we are being saying the word of C5 change can change climate change so you cannot go on output of all the what are the electric gases we use we cannot go on conventional practices of making food that is not possible practically but we can have some changes in the potential way that what can be done even a percentage of 2 or a 5 or a 10 percentage of potential changes so these C5 that is change can change the climate change so this can be initiative measure to control the factors of this climatic process so insistent to be right what is insistent to be first what we are doing now we are being speaking up as I said earlier words have more power than doing things right so what we are doing here we are gathering here from various places to speak about what can be done for the climate change right so this first to have some words that can change or they can have a alphabetical order of the word changes that is we can have a word A in form of changes and second thing power your home with the renewable energy nowadays we government is insisting more renewable process which can be used and second thing weatherize what is weatherize in the sense we can weatherize ourselves right how we can weatherize to have a new precious food right and using nowadays we use the word organic food right we can use the word organic form right so organic in the sense they don't use some artificial fertilizer and that thing so we go for and as I said earlier the entrepreneurs so entrepreneurs also been producing some organic goods we just encourage them or we can be a part of producing our native foods or a goods material which can also change some weatherizing process and invest on energy efficient appliances so we can just we have been educated we can just insist or say that which appliances can have less harmfulness we cannot say that it can be brought on to a zero level at a full stretch I can say it is a kind of reduction of percentage to use of the applicants which is more efficient in energy conservation process the next slide so reduce water waste and actually the food you buy that's the main thing we should not waste the food or we should not what I am saying that it is not a waste of food we are also wasting the packages of the food also so what we mean we can buy and we can consume what we buy so in turn it also has some percentage of reduction in packages food packages which has been coated with the high ethylene which has been that is we know the poly ethylene or PVC we know many forms of plastic right now right so to keep the food being preserved with the freshness the packages being coated with the ethylene which turn it doesn't decomposes as it goes so that's the point and buy better bulbs that's a few are it is an ideal things nowadays we do follow right now buy a better bulb in case of saving of electricity and also it can also in turn usage of your solar energies what are the ancillary elements we can use in right way and pull the plugs right usually in an organization or any company we used to have a energy management department or energy conservation department for example if you are not using any gadgets or a fan or something else pull off your things which has not been under use that also gives some minor percentage of energy conservation and maintain your right usually we do right now in pandemic during the lockdown usually if it is not a lockdown we used to go wherever we think and during that lockdown we precise the need and we schedule a plan and we go out and we have a full length of purchase in a single ride of stroke right so this kind of restriction before that we have been covering the earth with all the waste plastic so think of right now when you go to hospital or any official or any go we are a mask dress that is a human is being covered with plastic right now to avoid the spreading of disease so it is the right way that the earth is communicating to us so we spread all the plastic over the earth and the earth has been we have been covered with the plastic right now so humans have been covering the plastic right now to safeguard ourselves with the diseases so it is the right way of giving a lesson that is earth has given lesson that the climatic change it has been hand of the human being in turn we can also have some reflectable factors of other living beings and giving importance to the living things or native things what are we looking after in a daily processing things and usually the last thing we have been saying the word of increase of sea level or rainfall pattern changes or heat waves or eye cap melting or a disease spread and coral bleaches as India has been having a longer coastal line in ancient days we do have a seaway root right seaway root transportation the trade or commerce is done by the way of seaway root this seaway root has been formulated by the help of tortoise right usually in the season of seasonal waste the ancient people provide themselves with the help of the root of tortoise which moves from the each season right so it means that it is a safer root for a person to attain from one place to other place with the use of seaways as India has a more coastal lines the coral that is the coral as you know the word coral what is the usage of the coral the coral get bleaches that is the coating of the coral which reflects the sun wave that is ultraviolet wave it has been diminished right now so due to that reason also the earth is getting warmer right now so the coral bleaches coating is also getting diminished due to the diminishing factor of the coral bleaches there is coral leaf the sun rays which reflect UV rays which reflect deeper to the ocean also doesn't have any absorbing abilities so in turn it affect the creatures which live in the ocean and also in turn it have initial factors in the evaporation part right so next one so next slide so it is a time to think about re-think or a word of re-visit the needs or re-design the life little so I sum up with the word of re-think re-think in the sense just we are going to recapitulate what are the things we do and before doing the thing how it can be done with the conservation factor of climate and re-visit the need so whenever we need a thing nowadays we think twice and now it is advisable to think more than twice and which things to be bought to a need and which is more optimum usually we use the word optimum level of utilization right optimum in the sense we buy the thing what we need so obviously the waste get reduced and the thing what we buy we use it 100 percent right so in turn it re-design the life little on a single day this warm cannot be brought down on a single day the temperature cannot be brought down so we need to re-design the life little it is the designing in the sense I use the word pattern right so what is the life pattern we use right now it can also plays a main role in changing or we can contribute ourselves individual human can contribute by having a re-design of life or we can educate the neighbors right or in your family members what is the importance of re-designing of a lifestyle or re-visit the needs or re-thinking about the nature mother right so I conclude the word of again just resizing the word of sea it is a sea for carbon and sea 3 plants and sea 4 plants and sea 5 change can change the climate change so only the change can be done with the mind of thinking process right already we have a thought now we are going to re-think or re-visit or re-design our thought so it can also helpful and we are here to teach others it's not thing that I understood the thing what the climate change and what can be done these things to be spoken up to others that's what I mentioned the word word has more power word in the sense whatever we talk to others they listen and they just inhale what are the things what we express towards this climate things right and I hope I have been given some valid point about this climatic change on this year day sir I just finished about this section sir yes sir thank you so much sir actually thank you so much sir as a sad point around everything exactly what are the factors which affect the global world and he clearly suggested that what type of plant we should plant according to our particular occasion explain the word the importance of word let us see it's a major role to save our life and like see for comfort see for change see for climate and what I feel is here what I feel is not only the I feel the power of let us see see for corona see for corona what comes see see for corona see now the time to have a question and discussion and the audience can display this because by asking valuable questions related to this topic and please ask question one by one through you can unmute your mic and you can ask the question or you can also use the comment section for this it's time to ask the question audience can ask question thank you so much for giving your time to our students we are very much grateful to you I would like to have a question can you please like our students that how can they do rainwater harvesting so that rainwater problem can be sought out in this situation rainwater harvesting in the sense as we know in case of excess rainfall as it has been implemented that every home should have a rain conservative plant to the nature wise scientifically also they are being given in case of natural way every home or building can be given as water conservative things and second thing we can just have the reconstructive term of the things water we use the commercial things so water is there in our locality it can be reconstructed so it can also give a way that we can have an effective water control or water preservation or water saving things thanks ma'am ma'am excuse thank you so much sir thank you ma'am next question anyone anyone can ask please speak please if you want any information regarding this problem this how to save the year if you are at the right position you need to save the year anything anything sir it is all audible sir it is all audible sir we are at the end of the session and thank you so much sir very wonderful explanation wonderful speech we had with you and this is valuable information we had for our NSS students also getting lot of information from your speech and explanation thank you so much for spending your time with us and we are really we are really we are really we are really we would like to thank you for giving opportunity to give a speech to our college and to our students and for the audience also thank you so much for spending your time with us and stay tuned and we will be having a next session some other session like this thank you so much thank you thanks a lot for hearing me sir


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Geographical information system for agriculture applications, now we have been talking about what was the different methods, different data sets which we have which we were using it for the past so many years that includes your cadastral map then rate card or ROR that is about your farmland activities then topographic sheets and further on and there were problems in knowing what is happening the rest of the area in addition to what you are looking for. So and second thing is there were no references with reference to whatever they have surveyed. So now there is a need because of the global climatic change and other things we need to know what is happening in our field as well as in the adjoining areas. For this purpose we need to georeference the or we need to look around that all the data sets in one platform and then integrate it analyze it and then get a information. For this purpose we were trying to use the geographical information system is being up is useful in doing all those things in type analyzing it in space in time and other activities. So now we will just get into what are the different aspects in the geographical information that we could use it for the agriculture practices. Geographical information system is a system designed to capture capture in the sense wherever it is however it is the data could be captured and stored in the computer and the integrated data could be manipulated in the sense giving to a common reference system of mapping and also you can analyze as well as manage the data set and present all type of basial or geographical data. So these data they are all location then based on the locations on the earth surface which has been recorded as a x y coordinates as well as z coordinates that is the vertical coordinates representing the longitude as well as latitude and elevation respectively. This portion can also record dates as well as time of the occurrence of the any event that we are going to record on that surface. Now if the earth paste has to be a spatial temporal and locations and it should have ideally related to each other. So that is what the geographical information system if you look at the geographical database what is the system geographical database which we have got we have got one set you have got a thematic data in another side we have got a framework of data. Now thematic data which basic thematic data comes from different sources it comes from the aerial photography it comes from the digital elevation models which has been done by the topographic sheets and also it has come from the different landowner records and transportation network like that we have got a framework of data and these data sets they can be integrated in the sense whatever the information which you wanted to do it those things they will be able to overlay each other and thematic information is the nothing but it is the output which you wanted to present it for a geological or it is a decision making purposes. Suppose now we are interested in the flood zones if you are interested in making out which are the areas which are likely to be come under flood zones during the activity. Now the functions also there are several functions one of them is input from how you give and where you take it up manipulation it is adjusting the data types to a common platform management and query and analysis nothing but it is what is the information result like the thematic data which you wanted to do that could be done visualization is possible either in the form of a map whether in the map of a turbo or either in the form of a P chart and other things so that your results can be presented to a decision making bodies. Now another view that we want to just to see that is the different layers one thing is this is the data these are all the geo reference points on either side of on all four corners and this is captured and the road network is given over here and here it is position of the various structures on this side and vegetation cover in and around as a separate layer that has been done over there but in after integrating all the things this type of information what you are likely to get is the one where you have a road where you have the actually it is nothing but what you see each on the reality content. So each reality content has got a relevance as an attribute data this attribute data are given over here in the form of a different features and what else and it is the address and it is IDU code. So then in this way what we can do is different type of data layers can be merged and you can say and you can visualize or you can project it as though what you see it on the reality things. So what are the different type of data set DS which we can use it one thing is a desktop data so wherein you are the software is installed and runs on a personal computer on the side the another one is on the web GIS this is for an online GIS applications having data visualization tool is very good in this category. Another one is what all of us are about all of us are about or know about the Google Earth images maps and other its own thing the Google Earth what you might have done it the road network and road network then you can superimpose the satellite data and you can select where all the places which are available like restaurants and other bus stands and so many things which you are able to see it those are all the things are known as the geobrocessor data that is also available for our process. So these data sets what we have got is nothing but this is how we will be able to use the geographical information system on a different platforms and it can be given it for a different information or different decision making bodies that is what we wanted to show it as a short presentation.