Thank you very much for accepting my talk, for coming here. Also thank you very much for giving me the cable internet. I asked for it, but there is only cable, there is no socket to put it in here. So it will be maybe a bit slower than I expected and maybe I even have to show to you a bit less of what I intended. Okay, if you can imagine from the title of my work, subtitle of my work talk description and the images that are running there now, I'm going to talk about the early World Wide Web. And I have a lot to show, to share with you and I'm a bit afraid that there will be not enough time and then for the conclusion. So let me please make some statements right now. So what I'm... and the last drop. So final originally final statements. What I am going to show to you now has nothing to do with nostalgia. I am not showing to you out of the nostalgia. And I really believe that making web pages is one of the most conscious activities, medium specific conscious activities that computer users can do in this world. And also there is making a web page where historically you learn how things work. You write the code historically. Also making a web page meant to answer some existential questions. So it was let's say also a philosophical exercise in philosophy because you had to answer questions. Actually, who am I? What do I have to say to the world? And it's a bit what should my page be about? And this is a bit more than to answer the question of today like what are you doing today or who is on this photo? Of course you also can't underestimate such questions. Well, so you had to answer existential questions and if you find out that you don't actually have anything to say to this world about yourself, about anything, you can't even make a hate Backstreet Boy page or fan Backstreet Boy page, then you can still be a note in the network. So you can create a web page with the links to other web pages. So I'm going to talk now about the time that when web pages were made like this, like when users thought that they are responsible for providing links to search engines and not vice versa. And it's also time when users were opening source codes of other users' web pages and making their own. And this is how they learn and were making a worldwide web bigger, bigger and bigger. And this is, yeah, it's very important to keep this activity alive in order to resist the algorithmic communication and self-representation that we have today. And I also should mention that I'm very happy, in fact, about today's situation online because I see that there is already a second wave of interest to the early web. The first one was, let's say, six, seven years ago when there was interest to animate, it gives to under construction science, to all the visuals and, yeah, so, star backgrounds, so, to the aesthetics. And today we fortunately have initiatives where the fact of making the web page, the concept and the structure are put in front. I mean such initiatives as Neocities.org as Tilde Club and as Superglue it. The projects that motivate to go away from the timeline and to make your own web pages and to link to the web pages. I'm also somebody who, if you maybe remember my talk last year, I'm somebody who fights for the right of the users and insists that such category as computer users should exist, shouldn't disappear from the language and users should be educated about their noble role. And that's why, no, not that's why, sorry, I also want to mention that last year when Julian Assange said system administrators of the world unite, it was quite an excluding appeal. And this year, Applebaum actually corrected it and said that, yeah, community should unite. And I think that also this appeal should be extended even more and these are computer users who should unite. But for this, computer users again should be educated and remember that using something, it is a means active position. Being computer user means to bring system in action. And this is something what, yeah, it had to be revoked that we have to come back to this 30 years ago old ideas. Well, and that's why I'm showing to you what I'm showing to you now because if we talk about the users and power of the users, we can't skip these pages in the history of the internet, of the web and of the computer users. So having now said that, let me please greet you properly. Okay, what you've just seen now, it is a trailer for a longer film which is called Skywriting. And this film features the web pages from the JCCIS archive that uses this well-complained on the top of it. There, what you see just now here, some of them, the whole interface would look like this. So they're part of the huge database we have at this moment. And we are myself and Dragon Espen sheet, former computer musician, one part of Bodenständig 2000 band. He's also a net artist and he is at this moment a digital conservator in Rhysome, New York. We together are JCCIS Research Institute and we make one terabyte of kilobyte H project. Keep it alive. We have a stamp. And all this, I should say now, this is a bit like the end of the story because it is, what, it is 2014. And when I started, I would like now to go a bit back in time to go to 1995, when I started to work with the World Wide Web and it looked like this or like that. This is also a snapshot from that time. Yeah, and I started to make things at that time that I wanted to look quite different from this bright, loud and dynamic in another sense of the World Wide Web. So I created the projects that were different and it was already the end of the 90s. Or let's say, yeah, it was the end of the 90s when I started to teach internet design and net art. And this was when I realized that actually pages that I was trying to forget in my work that I tried to distance from what I wanted to be different, they just disappear from the web. It was around 2000 when it became completely clear that the amateur culture, the early culture of the web is removed from the web. And since that time I started to make works that are actually celebrating this early web culture. Just some examples, but to show this one I have to go to the virtual machine, to Windows, and even to start an explorer. This work is from 2004 and it only made from the found gifts, gifts from the free collections of gifts. And there would be more and more revealed. And another important thing at that time was for Dragon and Me was that this work is for the browser and it also not only celebrates animated gifts, but it also celebrates browser and scroll bar. You know, it's 2004, but the war on scroll bar already started at that time. Now it's almost the end, but we still sometimes can see it. Now I have to wait for the right bit. The work is called gravity. Okay, what's that? Yeah, now I can close the virtual machine and come back to my system. The work from the same time, which goes in the same direction, is called midnight. And there we wanted to bring back the navigation elements from the early web that were at this moment substituted by one omnipresent slide bar, which we know from Google Maps. It's again almost 10 years old project, so at that time slide bar looked like this. So you can't really, it's not functional, but when you start to use it, you reveal all these tiny graphics that early web users created, stole, found, whatever, because they didn't like what interface designers were providing. They didn't believe in back and forward buttons of the browser, and they wanted to have their own structure of their own navigation. Let's put it like this. Yeah, so after many, many years of appropriating and bringing to the, in front of the early web culture, I decided to become a GIF model myself, so I wanted to give back to the community. I wanted, it's 2005, and I wanted to be used on the web pages, believing that people were still making their web pages. This small window here is my showroom of that time, so I showed to you here that I am a perfect loop and that I will look good on every background. So use me on the web pages. And this is, I have this, a lot of my deeds documented, and there is a YouTube channel here where I document where I finally found myself, on what pages I was used, and it's very satisfying. Yeah, this is, and if we talk about the history, please remember that this is what animated GIF is. It is used not to be posted somewhere. It's not to be, to make a loop of your favorite film. The role was to be, to appear on another web page. And when you would make your own GIF, you would make it in a way that others would be able to use it. Just a moment, if we're still by, I'll teleport it, it's in connection. Yeah, I will go here, shortly, this is where all my projects could be found. And yeah, I'm making the timelines also of animated GIFs, so they're following the history. This, maybe anybody here ever used this lady on their web page. She is a bit strange, yeah? This, you can't really move legs like this. But maybe this was the reason why it was used on so, so many web pages around 1996. And then here, what we have here is the next period in the history. It's around 2004, 2006. Then GIFs became much, much bigger, glittering and static. This was the main thing, yeah? And this is already my space stuff. This is the period then GIFs started new wave of the interest. They were very aesthetically pleasing, perfect loops at that moment, but it would never be transparency, because it would be, at this time it's already about just showing GIFs to each other, not using them on the web pages. And this is very specific for today's moment, the GIF which has this moment of, it's not perfect loop, yeah? It starts again and again. And on one hand, maybe it comes from, no, actually the idea that it doesn't matter at this moment. It's just a trend at this particular time. There is also an alternative history. I can show to you here. This is my idol, maybe you know her, and this is again, this is around 2004. This is having your favorite film moments looped. Yeah, and this is something, what we have now, something important, so-called GIFs with sound. Everything what I do is of course very subjective, yeah? You can make your own timelines, but you can also spread mine. So I will continue, but to show to you, so what was happening before one terabyte project. This is our effort to recreate Facebook, Google+, and YouTube, as if they were made in 2000, as if they were made in 1997 and not in 2004. This is YouTube. There is also Pinterest. And yeah, so it was, you know, now I say exactly about 1997, because it's important for me to also to emphasize it right now that we can't just talk about the 90s as some web style. Every year, almost every half a year, there was something different happening. And for example, 1997, it's appearance of Netscape communicator, and this is when you could already, this was already the beginning of something what would end up as social networks and such hosting services. So web as for applications, not for the web pages. Yeah, and talking about the styles. When I showed you screenshots like this, yeah? This, like that, something like this again, here. You would say, yeah, exactly. This is the classic appearance of the web of the 90s. But here I want to confront you with my timeline of the design styles of that time and to tell you that usually we only see this vernacular web as a dominant style of that time and forget about something what I called profdoctor, that was before this crazy amateur web, before something what was called JVC is 96 after in design circles. And also the designers period that started in 1997, the first attempts. And this profdoctor, it is an important phenomena. So it's, let's say 1993, the first web browser, it's Mosaic, and these are pages that were made usually at the universities. And this profdoctor thing, this is, it comes from, it was my trick to show it to the students. Also, like around 10 years ago this trick worked. If I would type in search engine profdoctor, it would deliver to me many pages that were made around 93, or that still look like in 1993. Yeah, because it's very difficult to catch this content. And it's also, it's time before way back machine, before internet archive. Now it is just, it's very actual page. It's my favorite profdoctor, just shown in the Mosaic browser. Important thing about this period also, the attitude to the design. The idea that it's not me who is designing the web page for everybody else, but it is me who is just providing everything as a default.  So I decide what is my link colors for everything, what is color of the text, what is color of the background. So these are some pages that follow this profdoctor style, and these are also pages of profdoctors. And this is this look. This is the classic look. And then the work started, you can also see how things were developing. You see here is the background edit. So one step away from semantics, from the markup style to the wildness, that then in the end brings us to the situation that also astrophysics start to make pages like this. And then this armature vernacular web starts to form, and then we don't have to follow any more pages of academics, but we can go back to Jerry City's and enjoy it there. So this look of the 1996. Welcome all hackers. What's important to remember about Jerry City's when we talk about it, that it was a place that you were not supposed to go, actually. And at that time I also, if somebody would send to me a link to Jerry City's, I wouldn't dare to try it, because it was supposed that there is nothing valuable there at all. And I have all these books about web design tips of that time. And imagine none of these books uses Jerry City's even as a bad example. There is only one. Once it appears in web pages that suck. Of course maybe you know, but imagine only one example from the Jerry City's. Though today we see Jerry City's as an essence of everything what could go wrong with the web design. So it's a very special place, but too shortly the history, it was founded in 1995. In 1994 it became usable and very popular around 1995-96. Yahoo bought it in 1999 in the moment that when it was the third most visited web page on the web after AOL and Yahoo itself. And in 2009 Yahoo killed Jerry City's. The screenshot what you see here now, it comes from 1999. It's when Yahoo bought Jerry City's. It's half a year later. Then Yahoo introduced their terms of services and then finally users noticed that things changed. And there was this paragraph 8 where Yahoo said that all your pictures belong to us. And there was a lot of angry pages and a lot of people left at that moment in Jerry City's. So in 2009 Yahoo closed Jerry City's because it's already 2009. Almost everybody is on Facebook and Yahoo didn't know what to do with this at all. And then Archive Team made a great effort and in this half a year what Yahoo gave to the users to rescue their files, Archive Team actually grabbed as much as possible of the Jerry City's. And they released it as a torrent, one terabyte torrent. That's why our project is called one terabyte of kilobyte age. On the 31st of October 2010, so one year later when it was made, we started to download it. It took us several months of course to download it because there was only one cedar and it is one terabyte. Then there were months of rebuilding the city, the cities, the neighborhoods because all this one terabyte, it was not just Jerry City's sketch you can open all this and enjoy. But this is what TARS made by many, many different people. You had to put them together. You have to fight the sim link cancer. You have to also deal with a lot of problems with upper keys, low keys. So in the end, it's of course an effort of Dragon mostly, in the end we got now 395 profiles of the early web pages. Nobody knows how much is it of what was actually there ever. There is no statistics and Yahoo has no idea about anything of course. Apart from just having these screenshots at our archive, there is a beautiful, or how Dragon calls it, it is in the city's screenshot factory. I will not explain to you now how it works, but you already have seen what comes in the end. There is a snapshot of the web page that appears in the browser that is adequate for that particular moment of time. There is then these screenshots because we want to feed the internet with its history as much as possible. It comes to Tumblr. Every 20 minutes there is a new screenshot from our archive. So they are now at this moment. Everybody can enjoy it. But screenshots are only screenshots of course. It is amazing, a very rich content, but you can imagine when you look at this page something is missing of course. In fact it should look like this. But to make a video snapshot of the page it is a different size of the file. It is a much longer time you need for this. So the Tumblr is at this moment is feed only with the static screenshots. We have still material for 12 more years to feed the Tumblr. But you maybe already know Yahoo Bot Tumblr. We don't know how much time we still have. Or what should we, maybe archive team should already grab the Tumblr with everything we are posting there. What is the chronology? We started with the oldest updated screenshot. So this one is the first one in our archive. It only means that it is the first one in our archive. It says a lot about the history. But from what was rescued? This page was the oldest. So it was updated in 1995, last updated in 1995. And this is how we go further in the history. So at this moment on Tumblr, we are in August 1999. And it's already dot com. If you remember such or use such dirty words. But an interesting thing with the way with GeoCities that you can see how time sort of was frozen there. It's 99, but on GeoCities it's always 96. This is the amazing thing about it. But this screenshot is from 1995. And here I can for the first time maybe mention this, what was in subtitle of my talk. You see that this page is made for something different as 800 to 600. At this moment we make screenshots for 800-600. But this one is obviously for 640 to 480. Just because of the size of the lines. What else do we know here? What are the historically important moments? The Kelvin picture of Kelvin. You know when you look at GeoCities, you can think that it was filled with the fence of Kelvin and Hobbits. But it's not really like this. The thing is that GeoCities provided the clip art. There were a lot of flags that you were supposed to use on this place to represent particular country, Germany, Russia or whatever. And there was a spoke from Star Trek. And there was Kelvin. So if you didn't scan your own picture yet, you would probably use the Kelvin. But it is a very early web pages. But still there is a mess of Kelvin's in the GeoCities archive. Yeah, another background. But you see he is here. And the structure is still there. What is quite a touching moment, I would say here, what I was mentioning before. This comes from the template. Links to the other sites on the web. It was there from the very beginning. It's sort of, of course, you could remove it. But it also, you were motivated to fill it. So web page without links to other pages. It's sort of a useless thing. Wait a moment. Yeah. What I wanted to say. Here again, this page, maybe it's not so clear. But it's again, it's made for 640. And what was significant for that time, you could see a lot that people were still talking about the cyberspace. Not about not so much welcome to my web page, not welcome to my electronic office, but welcome to my corner of cyberspace or welcome to my cybercom. There was 94, 95. These are still time that people refer to this place as place somewhere else. And they make it for 640 without giving other opportunities. This is already from later. Yeah, these choices that designers had to make and users had to make for themselves. Or here you can even more later, but and come screens are getting bigger. And there is this choice, but it was not there at that moment. But what you can see, yeah, this is now where you can see it in a classic way, right? This is 640. And this is what we see now. And when I open this page now on my screen, I see the gentleman like an infinity of the gentleman in outer space. Or here, yeah. Yeah, maybe you can't see it here, but it's the same. It is the picture that didn't have to be dialed. Yeah, the known motif, but also it's adjusted for 640. This one is very beautiful. All the cockpit to fly with this web page to the cyberspace is built here. Looked terrible already around 96. Or not terrible, but maybe, yeah. In fact, it's how it had to grow. But the original plan was that it's like this. Media sound is of course in background. That's why I make with my mobile phone, I make the videos of these websites and there is my channel on Vine. So you can enjoy it there as well. Yeah, and just think please that this, yeah, what is here, maybe you can see it. Hello, cyber visitor is said there. So, and this is, yeah, this is still the time that you refer to cyberspace. And this is actually not because you are noob and you don't know how cyberspace looks. But because it's time when cyberspace got its look for everybody. And this look was the outer space background with underlying words on it. If it's Netscape, these words were in blue. And this was the, yeah, when John Perry Barlow was writing his declaration of independence of cyberspace, the cyberspace looked like this. And this is important to remember, yeah, such things, not to underestimate. Till this time, I almost only showed to you the screenshot in Made in Netscape. And it was a difficult moment for us earlier this year when we had to switch to Explorer. Because it was, yeah, Netscape is of course was more, you know, it was more attracting more attention and it looked like really like the past. Yeah, because Explorer, yeah, here it looks like an old Explorer but everybody knows that it's still there. It is an actual thing. But Netscape was very pleasant to look at. But we couldn't ignore any more that in 1999, actually there was almost no Netscape. And with the page what I showed to you now, this is the first, the web page that was last updated on 18th of March 1999. That's why it's the day of release of Explorer 5. And this is when we changed and now stream screenshots in Explorer, unfortunately. But in the archive you can always see in both. By the way about archive, I didn't mention. This is what I see. I use the one terabyte as my interface to the archive. If I would go now with Chrome. So here I don't have an add-on. Here I don't have proxy. I would see what you see. And here I have seen this actual page. For me, GeoCities is up. I go online to go offline. Yeah, thank you. There is something that can be of interest for you. There are also copies, but they're not as full as ours. You can access through our... There is also always a URL. So when you know the URL, you can go to... You can check this URL on GeoCities, on O-Cities and GeoCities. They also have copies. So not so structured as ours, and a lot of things are missing, but still this is where you can see a lot of the past. There was something about Farny here, about these elements, what I wanted to show to make a bridge from here. Maybe anybody used in this room ever used this bar in the web page. Somebody ever seen it? So to show you some pages, I tag these pages in our archive nightmare after this page, because it is also my personal nightmare. They are all ruins with these web pages, and they come from the certain period from 1997, and this is when Intel tried to make the template for making web pages. They tried to make the side builder, and they introduced these crazy elements, these bars and dripping, how it's called, and people were trying to make something out of it, but it never worked, and then there was already Yahoo, and Yahoo introduced their own side builder, and this is how it all went. So when I go to the archive, I also see the elements, like this duff, but you probably know the welcome skull used on so many welcome pages to invite you to enter. So it's also possible in the archive, it's possible not only to tag pages, but to tag elements of the pages. A lot of beautiful stuff. It's really overwhelming. This is, by the way, here what you see now, it is the most used graphic on GeoCities. Maybe I would better have to announce it on Valentine's Day. Yeah, but I just said it now. So after the counter and after the logo of GeoCities, this is the most used graphic. In fact, this is not so important for us, these statistics, and we are very careful not to go with the big data approach to all this, and try to make everything with our own eyes. Sometimes I'm happy to be able to involve my students. For example, this is our P-Man research, what we just finished. It's not such a famous graphic, but there are almost 800 of them on the GeoCities. Here is, with all his glory. And the great thing about this graphic is that it was always used in connection with another graphic. So this is how people were showing the disagreement or disgust about something or somebody. And, yeah, sort of a dislike button, you can also say. And finally, we could find out all this, we have more than 700 results of what users were peeing on. Yeah, what did they hate? And, yeah, they're politicians, they're handsome, of course. There are a lot of sport teams and sports symbolics. Surprisingly, I thought that it would be GeoCities, that would be the most people on the thing, but it is Ford, yeah? Whatever you can. Yeah, there is now an installation we built out of it. We made him prominent and put all this on the monitor here, and it can be, yeah, very relieving in the end of the day, too. Yeah, to get another role as a researcher. Coming now, most closer to the end, I would like to say, yeah, what else were looking for? What images or particular images were used for? What was the tendencies? Not so much who made the image or how often they were used. And also the elements of the choices what early web makers had to make and the end users had to make. For example, here there is this thing, you can decide to go high-fi or low-fi. So not resolution, but high-fi and low-fi. And this high-fi, it is something for the future. Low-fi, there is a content here about this band. But this high-fi on the page that was last updated in 1996 means that somebody believes that in some weeks maybe that it will be possible to have videos there, to listen to the music. And it is prepared for it, but nothing happens. So this is the choice. I remember myself even leaving this choice to something for the future. Okay, not possible now, but in some weeks. Another greatest choice what we all had to make at this time and to say frames or no frames. And there is a culture around this and hate graphics and love graphics and how they all appear. And if you can see here, okay, now you have a choice. The choices we could make at that time and we gladly made. Something else what I am very careful about and tried to make something meaningful out of it are the messages where people promise that soon there will be something. It is quite, you know, it's a little bit or very difficult thing because you know that these are dead pages. But you all the time get, still now in 1999, you get this promise just wait for two weeks or next week or as soon as school starts the opposite, soon school will be over and I will have time. So this sometimes it's a prominent bold message. Sometimes it's more narrative and this is another great thing that people really narrate and tell the stories and explain why they make pages and why it's not good yet and how everything will change when they get scanner. And at the same time there is another wave of messages where people say no more. There will be no page. And these processes they go in the parallel to each other in the opposite direction. Sometimes there is a reason given why somebody is not updating the page anymore. Mostly these are very optimistic in fact pages where people say that because we got a new domain, because we got a new location, we moved, there is new life starts. Also the tragedy here is that it's almost never that you would follow this link and there would be something. They also don't exist anymore. Yeah, there are a lot of hate messages and at the same time a lot of very happy and beginning of the new life or somebody is moving to Angel Fire and thinks that now things will be great. Or tripod, yeah, of course. They offer not 11 megabytes but 20 megabytes. I am moving to tripod. So things like this. We are at this moment we are two people who are mostly doing this but finally we were also joined by Chinese researcher of Chinese digital folklore and he is now going through the Chinese web pages. So pages in Chinese language. This is important for us. We for sure need somebody who would go into Spanish and Portuguese web pages. We are in general interested to open the interface for those who want to research this content to publish their ideas. And now, for example, yeah, there are a lot of things, a lot of fan pages, a lot of hate pages. There are genealogy pages, cleanse, yeah, this is very important. So the content which it wouldn't be right that a person, one person or even two people just go through this. And for example, we shouldn't forget, yeah, as J.C. Hertz wrote surfing on the internet in 1994, actually before Geocities, that the net isn't just a scientific research tool, it's an outlet for gorgeous women trapped in the bodies of male computer programmers. And one should say that Geocities was really an outlet for cross dresses, especially the West Hollywood neighborhood. Yeah, Geocities were about neighborhoods. And there are pages that we really, a lot of them, quite in a good state. We think what to do with them because they have to be analyzed, they don't have to be exposed, but it should be somebody with experience in queer culture and also experience in early web culture to analyze them and to make sense out of it. I show to you this page now because if you would scroll down there, you would see that there is a message left on this page to the future generation. So this page was supposed to be shown to you. So if you have an ideas how you could contribute to Geocities archive to one terabyte of kilobyte age research, we would be happy to listen to you to listen to you. Thank you very much. Yeah, thanks for the great talk. I founded myself very interesting and very animatic. And we have plenty of time for questions and I already see there is one from the Signal Agile. Do I have audio here? So are you aware of pages which are not in these archives and did you cooperate with other archive efforts to get the most complete set? Can you even estimate how many pages are missing? No, we can't estimate how many pages are missing. Yeah, no, we can't. There is a lot of attempt to merge them. It's in the state that I can't say how many.  No, we can't say, but we were very curious ourselves but we didn't find the answer to this question. So next microphone, please. I'm going to need therapy after this and there's a reason for that. I had to look up in my old resume. I was the chief network engineer for the parent company of Geocities and I spent many an hour both originally in Beverly Hills which is why there was a connection to West Hollywood and then when they moved to Santa Monica. So I've just got a couple of things I'll share with you. The systems were horrible. So that's the first thing to keep in mind. Sun Solaris, the first thing I did was put HTTP 1.4 pre-forking web server on there if you can think back to what happened before that. To get these bits out to the rest of the world was an absolute fight. Geocities was growing. We were rack and stacking some Sun 10s then Sun 20s and finally bigger machines during 96. We blew out 100 megs of FIDI connection out of Barnett in the Stanford University Colo which is where the servers were and this was just a continuous fight. The users were coming in in the mid-96. We had to make database changes and the light but I'm blown away by what you've done and I'm so sad that I'm saying here going I mean I know people to contact but there's no hope that anybody's got an archive from back then. Just nothing. I don't think anybody from the founders or from the original engineers has got like a copy of original stuff anymore but you just brought this all back. But can you bring to us back this moment in 1999 then Yahoo bought her? No, because I was looking at the dates and this is very finite. This was 96 for me, only 96. Wow, the best year for everybody. Next question please. Yes, thank you for your amazing talk and your amazing work and please continue to do so. I was wondering are you also looking at saving all those bits of crappy JavaScript code that ran on the back of all these pages in order to make blink work and all that stuff? Richard Stallman sent you here to ask me about it. We tried to grab as much as possible. I was now so shocked when you said JavaScript. But what was your, if scripts are included or if templates are... Yeah, are you saving them, stacking them up because I really believe that's part of that culture as well where you try to make stuff moving or whatever, blinking, crazy colors. There is not so much actually made with JavaScript though. Yeah, they're appearing more and more things but this is stored. If it was on the web page, it is stored. Or what do you mean? You mean Java probably? No, I definitely mean JavaScript. I'm just looking back at the time when I, and I guess a lot of people here started learning computer science basically like you said, the first steps into programming. And for me it was because I made this basic website. I don't even know where I hosted it and step by step you want more and more and that's how you find out. So I was wondering if there's any place to go and look back at the stuff. No, you can go back as always by the way back machine. But for this you have to know where to go. This is the trouble with Java cities. Yeah, but a lot of these builders and the scripts they are there. And sometimes I film something and they show something online and it is actually something very advanced. One could think that you only can make it with HTML5 but then it appears that this was just how things were made in 96 also with some lines of code. Thank you. So there's another question from the internet. So have you thought about the whole right to be forgotten issue regarding your archive page? Every... I look at 72, minimum at 72 old pages a day. And it's always... Every time if I want to publish something or to go deeper or to reveal something what is behind 800 to 600 I am thinking twice about it. And of course it is always this... Yeah, but there should be something to remember. I see my role in this project or we see our role as somebody who now will repair and stack as much as possible. You have as much as possible and these other questions they should be the second. Otherwise we don't know what to forget. There would be nothing to forget if there is nothing left. I can go on. There's no other question. So do you have anyone looking at the audio content of the archives? So the midis and all the way files or the embedded sounds in the pages? This is what is all this... My Vine channel. I started on Vine, the GeoCities tag because what we... Yeah, it's not there. Not really working. But yeah, we miss midi sound very much. So what's the most popular midi sound? The most popular midi sound. Now it's not from the statistics, but what I notice this is a theme from X-Files. Of course, yeah. It appears on science fiction web pages. It appears in West Hollywood on children web pages. It's everywhere. Are there any other questions? Yeah, I have a question. Are you interested in people donating the old web pages because I'm like a data hoarder and I saved everything I ever did on the Internet. And so maybe others did too and would send you the various crappy starts of the Internet. Yes, please. So it's offline, but you saved it. Yeah, yeah, I did. Yeah, and this is the GeoCities web page? I guess tripod. Yeah, this is precious. This tripod is such a mess. Yeah, and with GeoCities there is still luck, but with a tripod you wouldn't know what to do with it. And maybe you know more recent case, Hives. Yeah, Hives, it's a social network in Holland. Yeah, that was last year it was closed and their users only got two weeks to rescue their files. And there are 25 terabytes of data. That was saved. But how to make sense out of it, nobody knows yet. But they are, yeah, at Internet Archive they are stored. Another question from the Internet. So do you know anything about the popularity of CGI and friends? So yeah, basically, common gateway interface, so not computer graphics. I don't really understand that. So how many pages use CGI code, for example, for a counter or something? Oh, the counter. Now I don't have statistics. It's easy to find out, actually. But it is, let's say it's almost everywhere and there is always, by GeoCities, by Yahoo, there was always one pixel beacon that was always there. And starting from Yahoo Times, the counter was, by default, there. Some removed it, some did not. But we have a developer here. Next, microphone three, please. Yeah, okay, so at the beginning of the talk you talked about this professionalization of the web and that GeoCities don't exist anymore. So do you think we should bring back this amateur web creation again? You talked about GeoCities, like a new project that brings back GeoCities. What is your thought about the current state of amateur web creation? Is it bad? And you also talk about this, that we use Facebook instead. It's not really a creative, engaging activity. So what is the alternative? How do we bring back this amateur age of the web? It is developing in two ways, actually. You can see one about the aesthetics, let's say so-called low digital aesthetics. So these are people just having fun with graphics, having fun with templates given to them. Do you know blingy.com? Yeah. Yeah, but maybe not many know here, blingy.com. This is where you can make animated graphics. You can make them glitter. You can apply a lot of stamps on it and then use them in comments or anywhere. Interestingly, I mentioned it. Usually it's mentioned as the most bad taste thing you can do. But I observed this service for many, many years and it's amazing how it develops in a very transparent one. You always can see who made what stamp, who contributed with what to the system. You can see the layers and use the layers of everything. It's almost like opening in former times a source code of the page and being able to make your own page. But this is, of course, all used to create some cheesy, glittering graphics. So maybe the down part of it. And the last note. But I mentioned Neocities. They don't try to make Geocities. They just call themselves like this. They want to distance from this style. But they wanted people to make web pages without templates. And also I mentioned till the club. And till the meaning that you get there. You're the user on the system.  But not only. Again, you can make your pages without templates there. And you are motivated to make webbrings. So to link to each other. And this is quite, I would say, quite a precious thing to start to do again. Yeah. Thanks. Good. So we ran out of time. Thanks for everybody for listening. Thank you very much.


The Moran's Model 40N is a true looker, but it's more than just a pretty face. It's built like a tank, does two times 70 watts in class AB, has HEO streaming, AG My Arc and Phono input. Over the years I have owned several Moran's products. The CD94 has been my reference in the 80s, followed up by, if I recall well, a CD81. And the PMKI Perl light has been my reference in setup 2 for over a decade and still is. For good amps last very long. The Model 40N has the new Moran's design language with a dual layered front plate. The front one is of anodized aluminium and the sub-front behind it has a structure. Between the two subtle lightning reinforces the spatial effect. Of course the display in the porthole, a reference to old Moran's receivers, is present too. There is a silver and a black version and although I usually prefer the black version, I like the silver version too. The Model 40N of course needs a set of loudspeakers unless you listen to headphones. Since it is a streaming amplifier it needs to be connected to your home network over either a network cable or wifi. This way you can play music from streaming services, listen to internet radio and play music stored on your computer or NAS using a DLNA server program. An infrared remote control comes with the unit but for streaming the use of a free Heels amp on a tablet or smartphone is to be used. Nothing more is needed to enjoy music. But the possibilities can be expanded. Music from a USB stick or drive can be played too. A CD player can be connected over spitive, tostling or analog interlinks. A portable player or smartphone can be connected wirelessly over AirPlay or Bluetooth. Analog interlinks can be used to connect an FM tuner. There even is a phono input so playing vinyl is facilitated too. Last but not least the TV can be connected over tostling or even better HDMI audio return channel. The Model 40 can be set in a way that it automatically switches on and switches to HDMI input when the TV is switched on. A fine way to get a better TV sound. Support for Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant and Apple Siri voice control is also included. Just like the front, the sides are of aluminium too, depending on the version in grey or black. It's 443mm wide, 382mm deep and 192mm tall. It weighs a hefty 16.7kg. Left on the recessed front we find the power button or actually the standby button. A real power button lacks, also on the rear. Then the input selector, the source direct switch that bypasses tone control, the bass control, the display, the treble control, balance control and volume. Finally on the recessed front the 6.3mm headphone jack. Here we find the IC main socket with below it the Made in Japan label, remarkable in these times of Chinese production. In the middle the speaker terminals that accept stripped wires, forks and banana plugs. Then the analog inputs, labeled CD, line and recorder. Depending on the quality of your CD player a digital connection would be the better choice. There even is a recorder output, haven't seen that for a while. Then the subwoofer output, a left and right power amp input and a moving magnet phono input. As is often the case with RC5-RC6 infrared control devices, this amp can share remote control signals with other RC5-RC6 devices using these RCAs. Then the digital inputs, optical and toss link, electrical and split-if and HDMI arc on HDMI. The network cable is to be connected here, with next to it a USB socket for storage devices. Two Wi-Fi and Bluetooth antenna sockets complete the tour. One look into the inside makes it clear this is a well designed amp. It is more or less a classical setup. On the left the power supply, in the middle the power amp mounted against the cooling profile that at the same time provides shielding from the power supply. On the right shielded in a metal case the low level electronics. Let's look at the power supply first and start with the toroidal transformer. It is a sizable piece of copper windings, 13 cm in diameter and weighting 3.4 kg. If you know that the current copper price is €650 per kilo, this transformer contains €22 of raw copper material. It is very tightly wound and packed to limit the risk of vibrations and stray magnetic fields. Then the power supply circuits, for there are two. Next to the linear power supply for the analog electronics, there is a switch mode power supply for digital electronics and for the standby mode. Switch mode power supplies are faster and therefore more suited for digital circuits. But making them sound as good in analog electronics is rather difficult. The switch mode power supply is also used for the standby mode since the power consumption is clearly lower, 0.5 watts in this case. Then the power amplifier. The circuit board is mounted against the cooling profile. This way the power transistor that has to be mounted against the cooling profile to dissipate heat, are closer to the circuit board. Critical high current connections are not done over circuit board tracks but over thicker copper strips while the large custom made ELNA capacitors are also mounted directly on the power amp board so they can provide current as direct as possible. Let's zoom out again and go to the metal shell that holds three compartments, each with its own function. The top board inside does the digital interfacing. Digital inputs, USB, network and the HEOS module. Using a standard module in all HEOS equipped products makes it easier to keep all those products updated and behave identical. At the layer below this board, shielded again, we find a board divided in two with on the right side the digital-to-analog conversion which is built around the ESS Sabre ES9016K2M DAC chip. This chip allows for user programmable filters and bypassing the oversampling filter. Merantz replaced the standard filtering by two filters of their own design. The first filter rolls off about 2 dBs at 20 kHz, the second only 1 dB. Why not have it straight up to 20 kHz? Well that is because of the influence it has on the phase response and subsequently the pre-ringing and post-ringing. Filter 1, the one that drops 2 dBs at 20 kHz has almost no pre- and post-ringing. Filter 2, that only drops 1 dB at 20 kHz has a short pre-ringing but a very long post-ringing and if you look closely you see that the positive pulse is also lower. That is because of the energy spread over the post-ringing. You won't measure that in distortion but it surely is audible. Let's look at the DAC board again. On the right you see four identical circuits, meaning that the differential output of the ESS chip is maintained. Then to the phono board, that is on the same board but with a metal separator between them. I haven't played vinyl for years so I didn't listen to it but it looks seriously built. The analog preamp isn't very easily looked at but the photos provided by Marantz show quality capacitors and of course the hyper-dynamic amplifier module, HZAM for short. Here the HZAM S8 III version is used and it is a clever system. To explain it, let's first see how normal amplifier sets volume. A digital source has about 120 dB of dynamic range and standard two-folds output. If the two-folds would have sent at the same level to the power amp, the sound would be very loud. So between the input selector and often a buffer amp that has zero gain and the power amp, the variable resistor is inserted, the so called potential meter or potmeter. That functions as a volume control. It attenuates the level so that the power amp outputs less power. Let's say that the potmeter attenuates 10 dB. This not only reduces the sound level, it also brings it closer to the noise floor so that in this example the signal to noise is reduced with 10 dB's too. And if the level is further reduced, the signal to noise is equally reduced. But what if you replace the potmeter with a variable gain amplifier and change the gain structure. This way the full dynamic range remains intact. The system by Merence is somewhere in between these. As is often the case with streaming amplifiers, the Model 40N can be operated from the front using the Infrared Remote or the Heels app on a tablet or smartphone. For streaming only, the app is needed to choose the music. For all other sources and for setting preferences, the beautifully built Infrared Remote can be used. It lets you select inputs, control streaming, set volume and set preferences and even lets you select tracks if you have a Merence CD player. I used my iPad Pro and downloaded the Heels app. After startup this screen shows the Heels devices in the network. In my network it is only the Model 40N but if you have an entire house full of Heels it looks like this. When you have selected the streamer you want to control, this screen appears. Let's go to the music server and select the DNA server on the SynAid NAS. I could browse through the artist like this but it's quicker to go to the search menu and look for Pink Floyd to see I have 65 albums. Yes, I am a Pink Floyd fan. Let's go for Echoes, the best of Pink Floyd. Tapping play now does what it says without erasing what's already in the play queue. Volume can be varied here, just like shuffle play and repeat. As always I muted the music not to lose copyright and thus payment on my video. Tapping music along the bottom of the screen brings you back one level, tapping it twice brings you to the sources screen. Let's show you Tidal. If you want to select a physical input, that can be arranged too, as can be seen here. It all works the same in other sources, like for instance tuning radio for internet radio. Local stations show the Dutch stations. It's a simple app, limited in features but as a result of that easy to understand and use. If you would like to use another app, all DLNA apps will do, while programs like Audiafana and J River Media Center can send music to it since they all can address DLNA renderers. Roon is not supported. I started in my setup too, where it took the place of my trusty Marans PMKI Perl Lite to drive the acoustic energy radians one loudspeaker. They are supported by the Rail T5 subwoofer this time connected to the sub-out of the Model 40N. The crossover frequency was set to 60Hz. The network connection was made using a CAT6 patch cable to the uptown ether regen, powered by the uptown UltraCAPs 1.2. On the dirty side, the ether regen is connected to the cable modem over a long CAT6 patch cable and to the central switch on the third floor and from there to the internet modem. The DLNA server program MinimServer was running on a Synology DS1819 plus NAS. The equipment was placed in a target rack. All listening was done using the reconstruction filter 1 and an iPad Pro was used to run the HiOS app. It's a Marans app, that was immediately clear. It has the natural flow, the clean midrange and highs I know from the KI Perl Lite. The stereo image is at least 70% of what I get from my setup 1A. It's rather deep and wide and has good focus and even air around the instruments is rather good in this class. Pace and rhythm are very good. I wish I had one class higher set of loudspeakers here. Given my experiences with the KI Perl Lite in my setup 1 during the 2023 Volumeo Prima review I was curious how the Model 40N would perform on these €21.000 costing speakers. So the Model 40N was taken downstairs and connected to the PMC's on-stack audio over 70 isolators using AudioQuest Robinhood 0 loudspeaker cable. The network connection was over the network acoustic mu-on streaming system to the Zistel GS1900-10HP that was connected over CAT 6 cable to the ZIGO internet modem. The Synology DS1890 plus NAS, running Minim server again, was the DNA source. All was operated from the Apple iPad Pro. And since we are downstairs now I could also test the HDMI ARC using my 56 inch Panasonic Plasma TV. I know it's an unfair test field, with €21.000 loudspeakers and a €70.000 amp. But the PMKI Perl Lite did quite well although of course certainly not to the level of the air amp. The same goes for the Model 40N but having said that, it was impressive how a €2500 amp can sound on these speakers. Again the mids and highs are clean, voices sound good, brass sounds good, glockenspiel sounds rather good. I can mention all these properties but it's the flow, the pace and the rhythm and the ease that is most impressive. Just to be sure, you don't think this is the right amp for these speakers, it's not. But what is achieved by the Model 40N is very good. It's a Class A B amp, so a Class D amp of the same money could sound more impressive in the lows. But certainly would lose on all other properties I like about the Model 40N. Let's start with the practical matters. Apart from the loudspeakers and a network connection, you need no more to have a complete stereo. That's the advantage of a streaming amp. You can also hook up your TV and have the amp switched on to switch to the TV input automatically and switch off again. Your family won't even notice the amp does the TV sound. The volume control of the TV remote controls the amp volume while watching TV. But if you want to build a full stereo with a turntable, CD player, subwoofer and what have you, that's possible too. Given the 2499 MSRP including VAT, this is a very good sounding musical amp for those like me that love fluidity, musicality and a rounded sound without losing resolution. And for those that love a well-built amplifier, replace the top cover with the Persevix one to enjoy the inside. And on that one we come to the end of this video. See you next week, Friday 5 PM, Central European Time. If you don't want to miss that, subscribe to this channel or follow me on the social media so you will be informed when new videos are out. Help me reach even more people by giving this video a thumb up or link to this video on the social media. It is much appreciated. Many thanks to those viewers that support this channel financially, especially in these times. It keeps me independent and lets me improve the channel further. If that makes you feel like supporting my work too, the links are in the comments below this video on YouTube. I am Hans Beekhuyzen, thank you for watching and see you in the next show or on theHBproject.com. And whatever you do, enjoy the music.


It's been quite some time since we've stepped foot in the town of Hawkins, and the longer we have to wait, the more the anticipation builds for the next installment of Stranger Things. I'm Matt Rogers and this is everything we know so far about the highly anticipated Stranger Things 4. In the wake of the fourth season's second teaser, rumours are running wild regarding what it could all mean, and why we're getting an apparent flashback at what looks like Dr Brenner's laboratory. But it's still cryptic enough to be anyone's guess, but let's start with what we know. First let's talk casting. Now you'll be pleased to know that the entire main cast is returning, including all the kids and parents that have been fortunate enough to survive this far. And if the first teaser is anything to go off, David Harbour as Hopper will also be returning. But new cast members as well as their character descriptions have also been confirmed, with upside down photos of them being posted on the Stranger Things Twitter. Let's go through them. First we have the truly underappreciated Jamie Campbell Bauer, who will be playing a caring man who works as an orderly at a psychiatric hospital. Eduardo Franco, Jonathan's new BFF and a stoner who proudly delivers delicious pizza pies for Surfer Boy Pizza. Mason Dye, a handsome rich athlete who is dating the most popular girl in school. Joseph Quinn, the head of the Hawkins High official D&D club, the Hellfire Club, which we will talk about more later in the video. Robert Englund, a disturbed and intimidating man who is imprisoned in a psychiatric hospital for a gruesome murder in the 1950s, but most of you may know him already as the original Freddy Kruger. Sherman Augustus, an intelligent, no-nonsense man who believes he knows how to stop the evil in Hawkins once and for all. Tom Lashiyua, a smart and charming Russian prison guard. Nicola Jericho, who is a seedy and unpredictable Russian smuggler who loves bad jokes, cold hard cash, and crunchy-style peanut butter. Some interesting descriptions there, but I'm sure all will be a welcome addition to the already talent-filled cast. Now let's talk setting. The first three seasons were steadily moving through the 80s one year at a time. The rapid growth spurts of the pubescent main cast is surely a factor that needs to be considered, but the website PopBuzz.com made the observation that the producers of the show included in one of their casting calls that they were in need of vehicles from 1987 or older, so that's pretty telling. And the leaked set photos show some hints at 90s style fashion and costuming, so I'm sure we aren't far off the 90s. Personally, I'd love a 90s-based season. Mind you, I wouldn't be surprised if they filmed some of season 4 whilst filming season 3, which may result in a time jump mid-season, which is not unheard of in multi-season shows. Speaking of filming, Stranger Things 4 began shooting in January 2020, and then for obvious reasons went on an indefinite hiatus. It wasn't until 9 months later that shooting was slowly able to resume, which will obviously have a major effect on the release date. Looking at previous seasons, there was one year between seasons 1 and 2, and two years between seasons 2 and 3. With this logic, we would expect a 2021 release date at the latest, but with the delays and not even an estimate from Netflix, it's looking like we won't be visiting the upside down until 2022. Now let's talk more theoretical aspects of the season. The Stranger Things writer's twitter is the main source of most rumors, and we know from this picture there will be 9 episodes, as we see what appears to be 9 scripts in a pile. The writers are known to troll fans, but if they can be trusted, we have the titles of the first 3 episodes, number 1 being Chapter 1, The Hellfire Club, Chapter 2, Tiktok, Mr. Clock, and Chapter 3, You Snooze, You Lose. Now that doesn't give us much to go off, but we know The Hellfire Club is the kids' Dungeon and Dragons club, so we might be going back to season 1 vibes when we were first introduced to the boys playing this game, which foreshadowed many of the monsters ahead of them. In regards to storyline, we are waiting on answers of what happened to Hopper after the events of the season 3 finale, and if Eleven's powers will return to defend Hawkins from the upside down that was disrupted by the Russians, my guess is the second teaser is hinting at how Eleven will recover her powers by reliving the horrors that Dr. Branagh put her through. We also have to remember that some of the kids are now geographically separated, which I found a weird choice as they are no longer a single unit, but I have complete faith that the writers know what they're doing, I personally think season 3 had some of the best writing in the entire series. But how about the future of Stranger Things? Well, the producers have confirmed that after season 4 there is quote, very much the possibility of a fifth, end quote, and with the success this show has brought Netflix and the effect it's had on pop culture, a fifth season would not be unwarranted. But I footnote that by saying only if the story is planned out with the number of seasons in mind. But before the arrival of Stranger Things 4, I've put together a Stranger Things 3 recap to refresh your memory of the events from last season. But if you want to fix the entire series, I've also got you covered with my mega recap of all seasons so far. Be sure to check them out and subscribe for more Stranger Things updates as they become available. Ringing the bell will also ensure you never miss a bitchin' thing. But what are you most looking forward to in Stranger Things 4? Is there any returning or new cast you're most excited to see? I'd love to hear what you think so let me know, I'll be down there in the comments. If you subscribe during this video then walk him aboard and if you had a good time hanging out then spank that like button. This is Matt Rogers and that is all.


Death under mysterious circumstances is not unusual, but the case of J.Tample Thurston differs somewhat from the regular pattern. Although years have elapsed since the night of his passing, no one yet knows how or why he died. It is presumed that the Thurston's quarreled in the winter of that year, 1919, and decided to go their separate ways. More by April the family had scattered, the servants had been dismissed, and the house stood empty. And so, had an alert neighbor not noticed the flicker of flame behind one of the second-story windows, Hawley Manor probably would have burned to the ground. But the alarm was promptly turned in, and within a very short time, fire engines were ruffling the early morning calm of the highly respectable suburban streets. The flames had made but little headway, and before another quarter of an hour had passed, they were extinguished. But in the water-soaked and accurate-smelling room upstairs, where the fire had occurred, two members of the company would remain behind to investigate the causes of the fire, were looking at each other with considerable perplexity. It's a quill when all right-handed, Captain. Nobody in the house, no dirty rags across wires, or nothing like that. No fireplace, no smell of paraffin. Seems like it must have flared up right here in the middle of the room. It was edding toward that door there, but it never got that far. Wonder where the door leads. Bedroom, or suppose. Let's take a look. It was a bedroom, and the two firemen, standing on the threshold surveying it, saw that it had not been touched by the fire. Even the smell of smoke was scarcely perceptible. Everything ship-shaped here, Captain. You wouldn't even know that the... God, why me, Captain, look. In that chair there, ain't that the top of a man's head? The chair was facing windows, it's back to the door. It's Jay Temple Thurston, Captain. I've seen him often. You mean it was Jay Temple Thurston? Aye. He's a dead one, all right. Captain, what was he doing sitting here, fully dressed at three o'clock in the morning? He wasn't drinking. He wasn't reading a book. He was just sitting.  Must have been dead already. But what did he die of? Ah, trouble traps. He didn't burn to death, we know that. His clothes ain't even scorched. Aye, but... but... Captain, look. His anchor. The Captain glanced down. He saw the flesh of Thurston's ankle showing from beneath the bottom of his trousers. And then both men began ripping the clothes from the lifeless body. In another moment, the figure in the chair was nude, and the firemen were staring at it, their eyes opened wide in amazement and disbelief. Brawny. Not a mark on his head or his clothes. But his body has burned to a crisp. Jade Temple Thurston had died of heart failure. The coroner's jury ascertained that. That his death preceded the fire seemed probable, since he apparently had made no effort to summon help or to extinguish it. But how a dead man's body, sitting in a room where the flames did not enter, garbed in clothes that were completely unscorched, could be burned to a crisp is a mystery that remains unsolved. A mystery, incredible but true.


Entity No. 2 Habitat Architectural Description The windows are creatures in the shape of a window. The window has a figure inside, always pointing at the target. If the target is unaware of the creature, it will attack immediately. Windows will generally appear on Level 1 through Level 2, although mainly on Level 1. Some windows are safe when there is no shadowy figure behind them. Some can lead to Level 1.5. Behaviors The windows start by pointing in the direction of a wanderer, and whispers tell the wanderers to enter the window. Once close enough, the entity will grab you and pull you in, even if the said window is closed. It is rumored that it's just an empty void on the other side, even if it shows land on the other side. Biology These windows can come in many different shapes and sizes, and the same goes for the shadowy figures behind them. The shadowy figure always looks human, and will whisper to wanderers to lure them into its trap. Discovery There currently is no actual first report about the windows at the moment, but the group known as the Lost has referenced them as the Men Behind the Glass. Do's and Don'ts Do Avoid all windows at all costs Don't Do not trust any windows at any level if a figure is behind it. If the windows want you to follow them, do not agree to do so.


From the SiliconANGLE Media Office in Boston, Massachusetts, it's theCUBE. Now, here's your host, Stu Miniman. I'm Stu Miniman and this is a CUBE conversation from our Boston area studio. Got to dig in to discuss the data catalog and to help me do that, I want to welcome to the program first time guests, Joe Jacantis who's the global head of data management strategy at CLIC. Joe, thank you so much for joining us. Good to be here Stu. All right, so the data catalog, let's start there. People in general know what a catalog is. Well, maybe some of the Millenniums might not know as much as those of us that have been in the industry a little bit longer might have. So start there and help love us, let us. So our thinking is that there are lots of data assets around and people can't get at them. And just like you might be able to go to Amazon and shop for something and you go through a catalog or you go to the library and you can see what's available, we're trying to approximate that same kind of shopping experience for data. You should be able to see what you have. You should be able to look for things that you need. You should be able to find things you didn't even know were available to you. And then you should be able to be able to put them into your cart in a secure way. Okay, so Joe, the step one is, I've gathered, whether it's my data lake or whatever other oil or water analogy we want to use for gathering the data on. And I've got usually analytic tools and lots of things there, but this is a piece of that overall puzzle. Do I have that right? That's exactly right. If you think about what are the obstacles to analytics, there are studies out there that say that less than 1% of analytics data is actually being analyzed. So we're having a trouble with the pipelines to get data into the hands of people who can do something meaningful with it. So what is meaningful? Could be data science. It could be natural language. Maybe if you have an Alexa at home or you just ask it, you ask a question and that information is provided right back to you. So somebody wants to do something meaningful with data, but they can't get it. So step one is go retrieve it. So our attunity solution is really about how do we start to effectively build pipelines to go retrieve data from source. The next step though is how do I understand that data? Catalogging isn't about just having a whole bunch of boxes on a shelf. It's being able to describe the contents of those shelves. It's being able to know that I need that thing. So if you were to go into an amazon.com experience and you say, I'm going on a fishing trip and you're looking for a canoe, it'll offer you a paddle. It'll offer you life jackets. Guides you through that experience. We want data to be the same way. This guided trip through the data that's available to you in that environment. Yeah, so it seems like metadata is something we often talk about, but seems like even more than that. It really is. So metadata is a broad term. If you want to know about your data, you want to know where it came from. I often joke that there are three things you want to know about data. What is it? Where did it come from? And who can have access to it under what circumstance? Now those are really simple concepts, but they're really complex under the covers. What is data? Well, is this private information? Is this person identifiable information? Is it a tax ID? Is it a credit card? I come from TD Bank, and we were very preoccupied with the idea of someone getting data that they shouldn't. You don't want everyone running around with credit cards. How do I recognize a credit card? How do I protect a credit card? So the idea of cataloging is not just available for everything, it's security. So I'm going to give you an example of what happens when you walk into a pharmacy.  It's carefully marked in the aisles, it's described, but it's public, it's easy to get, there aren't any restrictions. If you wanted chewing tobacco or cigarettes, you would need to present somebody with an ID, would need to say that you were of age, you would need to validate that you were authorized to see that. And if you wanted Oxycontin, you'd best have a prescription. Why isn't data like that? Why don't we have rules that stipulate what kind of data belongs and what kind of category and who can have access to it? We believe that you can. So a lot of impediments to that are about availability and visibility, but also about security. And we believe that once you've provisioned that data to a place, the next step is understanding clearly what it is and who can have access to it so that you can provision it downstream to all these different analytic consumers that need it. Okay, yeah, data security absolutely is front and center, it's a conversation at board levels today. So the catalog, is it a security tool or is it works with kind of your overall policies and procedures? So you need to have a policy. So one of the fascinating things that exist in a lot of companies is if you ask people, please give me the titles of the columns that constitute personally identifiable information. You'll get blank stares. So if you don't have a policy and you don't have a construct, you're hopelessly lost. But as soon as you write that down, now you can start building rules around that. You can know who can have access to what under what circumstances. So when I was at TD, we took very careful, we took care to try and figure out what the circumstances were that allowed people to do their job. If you're in marketing, you need to understand demographic information. You need to be able to distribute a marketing list that actually has people's names and addresses on it. Do you need their credit card number? Probably not. So we started to work through these scenarios of understanding what the nature of data was on a must have basis. And then you don't have to ask for approval every single time. If you go to Amazon, you don't ask for approval to buy the canoe. You just know whether it's in stock, if it's available, and if it's in your area. Same thing with data. We want to remove all of the friction associated with that just because the rules are in place. Okay, so now that I have the data, you know, what do I do with it? Well, so this is actually really an important part of our click story. So click is not trying to lock people into a click visualization scenario. Once you have data, what we're trying to do is to say that discovery might happen across lots of different platforms.  I don't know why, but there are Tableau users. In fact, we did use Tableau at TD. But if you want to provision data and discover things in comparable BI tools, no problem. Maybe you want to move that into a machine learning type of environment. You have TensorFlow. You have H2O libraries doing predictive modeling. You have R and Python. All of those things are things that you might want to do. In fact, these days, a lot of times people don't want analytics and visualizations. They want to ask the questions. Dude, do you have an Amazon Alexa at your house? I have an Alexa and a Google Home. That's right. So you don't want a fancy visualization. You want the answer to a question. So a catalog enables that. A catalog helps you figure out where the data is that asks a question. So when you ask Alexa, what's the capital of Kansas? It's going through the databases that it had that are neatly tagged and cataloged and organized. And it comes back with Tipeka. Yeah. I didn't want to stump you there. Thank you, Joe. Boy, I think back in the world, there are people that, ontological studies as to how I put these things together. As a user, I'm guessing using a tool like that, I don't need to have to figure how to set all this up. There's got to be way better tools and things like that. Just like in the discussion of metadata, most systems today do that for me or at least a lot of it. But how much do I as a customer customize stuff and how much does it do it for me? So when you and I have a conversation, we share a language. If I say, where do you live? You know that living implies a house, implies an address and you've made that connection. And so effectively all businesses have their own terminology and ontology of how they speak. And what we do is if we have that ontology described to us, we will enforce those rules. So we are able to then discover the data that fits into that categorization of data. So we need the business to define that for us. And again, a lot of this is about process and procedure. Anyone who works in technology knows that very little of the technological problems are actually about technology. They're about process and people and psychology. So what we're doing is if someone says, I care deeply and passionately about customers and customers have addresses and these are the rules around them, we can then apply those rules. Imagine that governance tools are there to make laws. We're like the police. We enforce those laws at time of shopping in that catalog metaphor. Wow, Josie, my mind's spinning a little bit because one of the problems you have, if you work for a big customer, you'd have different parts of the company that would all want the same answer, but they'd ask it in a very different way and they don't speak the same language. So does the catalog help with that? Well, it doesn't, it doesn't. I think that we are moving to a world in which for a lot of questions, truth is in the eye of the beholder. So if you think about a business that wants to close the books, you can't have revenue that was maybe three million, maybe four million. But if you want to say, what was the effectiveness of the campaign that we ran last night? Was it more effective with women or men? Why? Anytime somebody asks a question like why, or I wonder if, these are questions that invite investigation, analysis, and we can come to the table with different representations of that data. It's not about truth. It's about how we interpret that. So one of the peculiar and difficult things to, for people to wrap their arm around is, in the modern data world with data democratization, two people can go in search of the same question and get wildly different answers. That's not bad. That's life, right? So what's the best movie that's out right now? There's no truth. It's a question of your tastes, and what you need to be able to do as we move to the democratized world is, what were the criteria that were used? What was the data that was used? And so we need those things to be cited, but the catalog is effectively the thing that puts you in touch with the data that's available. Think about your college research project. You wrote a thesis or a paper. You were meant to draw a conclusion, and you had to go to the library and get the books that you needed. And maybe, hopefully, no one had ever combined all those ideas from those books to create the conclusion that you did. That's what we're trying to do every single day in the businesses of the world in 2019. Yeah, it's a little scary. We know in the world of science that most things don't come down to a binary answer. There's the data to prove it, and what we understand today might not be, if we look and add new data to it, it could change. It would love to bring in some customer examples as to what they're doing, how this impacts it, and boy, I wish it brings more certainty into our world. Absolutely. So I come from TD Bank, and I was the Vice President of Information Management Technology there, and we used data catalyst to catalog a very large data lake. So we had a Hadoop data lake that was about six petabytes, had about 200 different applications in it, and what we were able to do was to allow self-service to those data assets in that lake.  So what we were able to do was to make it very simple to reduce that. We usually think that it takes about 50% of your time in an analysis context to find the data, to make the data useful. What if that was all done for you? So we created a shopping experience for that at an enterprise level. What was the goal? Well, at TD, we were all about legendary customer experience. So we found very important were customer interactions and their experiences, their transactions, their web clicks, their behavioral patterns. And if you think about it, what any company is looking to do is to catch a customer in the act of deciding. And what are those critical things that people decide? In a bank, it might be when to buy a house, when you need mortgages and you need potentially loans and insurance. For a healthcare company, it might be when they change jobs. For a hospital, it might be when the weather changes. And everybody's looking for an advantage to do that. And you can only get that advantage if you're creative about recognizing those moments through analytics and then acting in real time with streaming to do something about that moment. All right, so Joe, one of the questions I have is, is there an aspect of time when you go into this? Because I understand if I ask questions based on the data that I have available today, but if I'd asked that two weeks before that, it would be some different data. And if I kept watching it, it would do that. So I've got certain apps I use. It's like, okay, when's the best time to buy a ticket? When's the best time to do that? How does that play in? So there are two different dimensions to this. The first is what we call algorithmic decay. So if you're gonna try and develop an algorithm, you don't want the data shifting under your feet as you do things, because all of a sudden your results will change you if you're not right. And the sad reality is that most humans are not very original. So if I look at your behavior for the past 10 years, and if I look at it for the past 20, it won't be necessarily different from somebody else. So what we're looking to do is to catch massive patterns. What's the power of big data? To look at a lot of patterns to figure out the repeatability in those patterns. At that point, you're not really looking for the data to change. Then you go to score it. And this is where the data changes all the time. So think about big data as looking at a billion rows and figuring out what's going on. The next thing we traditionally call fast data, which is now based on that algorithm, this event just happened, what should I do? That data is changing under your feet regularly. You're looking to stream that data, maybe with a changing to capture tool, like a tunity. You're looking to get that into hands of people in applications to make decisions really quickly. Now what happens over time is people's behaviors change. Only old people are on Facebook now, you know this, right? So the demographics change. And the things that used to be very predictive fail to be. And there has to be a capability in an industry and in an enterprise to be able to deal with those algorithms as they start to decay and replace them with something fresher. All right, Joe, what about how do things like, you know, governance and compliance fit into this? So governance is really at the core of the catalog. You really need to understand what the rules are if you want to have an effective catalog. We don't believe that every single person in a data democratized world should have access to every single data element. So you need to understand, what is this data? How should I protect it? And how should I think about the overall protection of this data and the use of this data? And this is a really important governance principle to figure out who can have access to these data sets under what circumstance. Again, nothing to do with technology, but the catalog should really enforce your policy. And a really good catalog should help to enforce the policies that you're coming up with who should have accessed that data under what circumstance. Okay, so Joe, that's a pretty powerful tool. How do customers measure that they're getting adoption, that they're getting the results that they were hoping to when they rolled this out? So no one ever woke up one day and said, boy, would it be great if I stockpiled petabytes of data, right? At the end of the day, we're looking. I know some storage companies that say that. They wish they would, so the customers would say that. But at the end of the day, you have data for analytics value. And so what is analytics value? Maybe it's about a predictive algorithm. Maybe it's about a visualization. Maybe it's about a KPI for your executive suite. If you don't know, you shouldn't start. So what we want to start to do is to think about use cases that make a difference to an enterprise. So a TD that was fundamentally about legendary customer experience, offering the next best action to really delight that customer. At SunLife, that was about making sure that they had an understanding from a customer support perspective about their consumers. At some of our customers at a healthcare company, it was about faster discovery of drugs. So if you understand what those are, you then start from the analytical outcome to the data that supports that, and that's how you get started. How can I get the data sets that I'm pretty sure are gonna drive the needle and then start to build from there to make me able to answer more and more complex questions? Well, great. Those are some pretty powerful use cases. I remember back in the early Hadoop days, it was like, let's not have the best minds of our time figuring out how we can get better ad clicks, right? That's right. Yeah, it's much easier these days. Well, effectively, what Hadoop really allows you to do, what big data really allows you to do is to answer questions more comprehensively. There was a time when cost would prevent you from being able to look at 10 years worth of history. Those cost impediments are gone. So your analytics can be much better as a result. You're looking at a broader section of data, and you can do much richer what-if analysis. And I think that really the secret of any good analytics is encouraging the what-if kind of questions. So you want in a data democratized world to be able to encourage people to say, I wonder if this is true, I wonder if this happened, and have the data to support their question. And people talk a lot about failing fast, glibly. What does that mean? Well, I wonder if right now women in Montana in summertime buy more sunglasses. Where's the data that can answer that question? I want that quickly to me.  And I failed, and I failed fast. But it wasn't because I spent the next six weeks looking for the data assets. It's because I had the data, got to analysis really quickly, and then moved on to something else. And the people that can churn through those questions fastest will be the ones that win. Very cool. I'm one of those people. I love swimming in the data, always seeing what you can learn. Customers that want to get started, what do you recommend? What are some of the first steps? So the first thing is really about critical use case identification. Again, no one wants to stockpile data. So we need to start to think about how the data is going to affect an outcome. And think about that user outcome. Is it someone asking in natural language a question of an application to drive a certain behavior? Is it a real-time decision? What is the thing that you want to get good at? I've mentioned that TD wanted to be good about customer experience and offer development. If you think about what Target did, there's a notorious story about them being able to predict pregnancy. Because they recognize that there was an important moment. There was a behavioral change in consumers that would overall change how they buy. What's important to you? What data might be relevant for that? Anchor it there. Start small. Go start to operationalize pipes that get you the data that you need and encourage a lot of experimentation with these data assets that you've got. You don't need to create petabytes of data. Create the data sets that matter and then grow from use case to use case. One of our customer SunLife did a wonderful job of really trying to articulate seven or eight key use cases that would matter and built their leg accordingly. First, it was about customer behavior. Then it was about employee behavior. If you can start to think about your customers and what they care about, there's a person out there that cares about customer attrition. There's a person out there that cares about employee attrition. There's a person out there that cuts costs about cost of delivery of goods. Let's figure out what they need and how to use analytics to drive that and then we can start to get smart about the data assets that can really cause that analytics to explode. All right, well, Joe really appreciate all the updates on catalogs there. Data at the center of digital transformation for so many customers and illuminating some key points there. Happy to be here. All right, thank you so much for watching theCUBE. I'm Stu Miniman.