We need a lot of study, including the study in these head of trenches. Because of lack of equipment, scientists cannot access that region, so I lead a team to develop that system as quick as possible, provide the tools to the scientists, let them make a completed survey of all the trenches, then understand the whole ecosystem. If we can use this kind of philosophy to replace the currently materialistic philosophy, the main of the social problems can be automatically solved or disappeared. What's up everyone? Welcome to Simulation. I'm your host Alan Sokian. We are on site at the beautiful Westlake University in Hangzhou, China. We are now going to be talking about deep sea technology. We have Dr. Wei Cheng-Sui joining us on the show. Hello. Hello. Thank you so much for coming on our show. We really appreciate it. Yeah, I'm so excited for this. For those who don't know Wei Cheng's background, he's professor and PI at Westlake University researching deep sea technology to provide research tools to scientists to understand and explore our oceans. And you can find the links in the bio below. Wei Cheng, let's start things off with one of our favorite questions. We like asking our guests. Yeah, what are your thoughts on the general direction of our world? Okay. And in the last 200 years, our science and technology developed very fast. And it has changed dramatically to our everyday life. And initially, people always think science and technology can bring happiness to our human beings. But as the society develops, go on. From my own observation, there are still a lot of people still living in high pressure and didn't feel so happy. And there's a gap between each country, poor countries, regions, poor regions, and one country or different people. Then even rich people have some of the problems they face. Poor people also have some problems they face. And so basically, I have the question, whether science can really bring happiness to our human beings? Can really solve the problems, the development problems, or the disputes between different countries, different nations or different religions? And I find that science actually is limited. And maybe the fundamental reason or the cause is philosophy. Can we find a way of common values of human beings? And actually, what are our human beings? What's the perfect direction to be a success of a human being? And quite a lot of questions have not been addressed in science. And this is related to the philosophical questions or something. At the moment, it seems that people are more favoured on science and technology. Even though quite a lot of people think philosophy is not important. So from my own point of view or observation, our world or our human beings, we are lost in the right direction. We may go to the wrong direction or something. And at the moment, the person who can destroy the earth, more and more people have the power to destroy it. Then other people just live under the risk of this individual person. If they are lost in the temple or they are fighting each other, it may certainly affect other ordinary people or something. So how to solve such kind of issue, it may be more important than just further developing the science and technology. So if we look back at when we first discovered fire, we can use the fire to help us cook food. We can use fire to burn villages. So immediately the philosopher was needed to say, please cook just food, don't burn the villages with this. And so now fast forward millions of years later to modern day civilization. And we have exponential technologies, nuclear bombs, biotechnologies, neuro technologies, artificial intelligences. We need philosophers at Google, Facebook, Apple, LinkedIn, Amazon, Tencent, Alibaba, Baidu, all of the big companies in the world need big staffs of philosophers, ethicists, moral scientists. And this can ensure that maybe instead of making technology that helps wealthy people become wealthier, which we'll talk about in the show, that you can use some of these great deep sea technologies to pillage the oceans and take for myself the resources or we can use them to advance science and understand ourselves and our oceans better and share the benefits with the world. So I love your focus on this and we'll return to this topic again. Let's talk about your journey. How did you as a child get interested in science and the oceans? Yeah, great. That's a great question. And as a matter of fact, when I was a boy, so after junior high school, we were good to the farmers. We never had the chance to go to university or something. So during that time, we had no hope to be like we're educated. And then near the last or end of my junior high school, only half a year left, then the cultural revolution stopped and our country like a new period started to have an entrance examination who can go to the high school and then go to university or something. So given only half a year, I have seen the chance. That is the first time I started to have my dream and I played three steps. First to go to the middle high school in our country, then second step go to university, to be a university student, and then finally to be a scientist. So during that time, in my impression, scientist is the greatest person I can admire or something. Then I started hard and I step by step, went to the middle high school, went to the university, actually to the Qinghua University, one of the best universities in China. In the university time, then I spent some time to read philosophy, read history. And then actually during that period, after I was thinking what actually society or observation or something, I gradually was set up through this reading, through this thinking, that actually I found my idol or the person I actually admired, Mr. Li Suotong, I taking him as a life master. So what I wanted to have a life is a life like him. So in that case, scientist is not my final target. I wanted to be a person like him, to be a useful person to the society, to the people.  He is a personality based on two characteristics. One is very kind to the society, to the people, only do good things to the people. Second is to do everything if he wanted to be the best or to be perfect or something. One is very care to everything, to be very careful to do it best. Second, I only do those things that would be benefited to the society, to the people, not myself. So that's actually the two fundamental qualities. And nowadays, from my observation, I think like scientists, maybe only pay to one aspect, I wanted to be the best to science or technology, do not care how to use your result or something. If you paid to me either by a politician or by a rich person or something, and then I receive the payment, I do the scientific development. But I think in that case, advanced scientific tools could be misused.  If I found this guy maybe misused my research product, I should refuse.  I do not want to be something. So basically like such kind of person is the one I admire. Other than pure, I can solve the technical problem. I don't care in other scenes or something. Yeah, yeah. So this is really cool that if we have a very deep ethical grounding in our lives that we can really be vigilant with what we accept as friends, as money, as all different types of what is being added to our lives. We can basically have a filter and say that I will not accept what value, I will accept what I am making into the world if you are going to use it inappropriately to cause violence. I like that a lot. And it is really interesting how even in your youngest years you began caring a lot about that. And it is very evident that it is here with you now also. I think that is actually really important for young people that if we can have them at younger ages and care more about philosophy and ethics and these types of leaders, then later in life it becomes without a question these types of I like that a lot. So what about when you did mechanics and then you did structural reliability at the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom. What were you studying about? Yeah, the technology. That's because it's my attitude. I actually was very flexible to the environment I was in. I was to be chosen as China's Super Scientific Research Centre to be the place. I started my master degree, but lucky enough I got the chance to be sent to the UK for starting my PhD. But that scholarship was awarded by the British Council. Basically, they can't respect your select or for like the Dutton Navy architecture or something, but they can also allocate you to another university or another. So they allocated me to the Imperial College in the civil engineering department. So in that case, okay, I have to start my PhD in the civil engineering systems. And after that, of course, I spent 18 months in the Imperial College, then transferred to Bristol, finished my PhD in civil engineering. So that subject, because at that time, firstly set a theory or something quite new mathematics, or ideally I chose that subject. But after that, I wanted to get some experience on postdoctoral research. My supervisor did not have the project funding to support my continued research, so I found another advertisement to work on composite materials in aerospace engineering. So I just, probably, to speak to the professor, your project I can do it because my previous background is solid mechanics. So after that, I actually did three years postdoctoral research in the Department of Aerospace Engineering. But so during that period, I did a lot of work on composite materials or something. If according to my own preference, I worked in that area, it's much better. But I had the equipment with the China Shepard Scientific Research Center. They gave me the chance to study in the UK. I had the responsibility to return back to that institute, to work for them. So after the three years postdoctoral, I went back to the China Shepard Scientific Research Center to start my research as a leading architect. You're still now an adjunct professor at Shanghai Ocean University. You started there in 2013, though, and you were doing project lead in the research and development of Hadal Science and Technology Moveable Laboratory. Now, we need to talk about the Hadal trenches because these are trenches that are deeper than 6,000 meters. They're pitch dark, there's no light, and they're kind of the last unexplored frontier on earth. So why are you so fascinated with that zone and what were you doing at Shanghai Ocean University? That's a good question. The first is that I treated myself or regarded myself. I was sort of top level scientist. I should do all these challenging tasks or frontier work. And then what do you find? For the geolon, we reached 7,000 meters. But at the same time, James Camelon developed 11,000 meters, mainly submersible. So for our technology field, from 7,000 meters to 11,000 meters is certain direction that what I wanted to do. Secondly, develop this submersible also very useful for the society of human beings because deep Hadal trenches is least explored by our human beings. We still don't know actually how deep is the challenging deep, whether there is a fish or not in these deep trenches. There are a lot of curious questions we don't know. And also, maybe very soon or 10 years, 10 to years later, our human beings will explore the ocean resources. But in what speed, in what method we explore this ocean resources, we are not just sure our ecosystem or something. We need a lot of study including the study in these Hadal trenches. Because of lack of equipment, scientists cannot access that region. So I need a team to develop that system as quick as possible, provide the tools to the scientists, let them make a completed survey of all the trenches, then understand the whole ecosystem. Then you can assess, such as in our South China Sea, if we are decided to explore certain type of resources, what's the consequence, what's the effect, will affect this ecosystem, something. We can answer this question, we will not bring such as very bad consequences to the society or something. So I think that one is to demonstrate my idea, any kind of team I can lead, I know the management method already, and to attack these challenging technological problems. Second, the tools I developed is useful for the ocean scientists. They can use that to do some useful work to help the society. So that's actually the motivation. So like if you manage the resources and the people and processes, in effective ways you can get more science done effectively. And then also, I like how you focus on being able to take the scientific advancements that you achieve in the field, it requires really good engineering skills too. You have to engineer the submersibles to be robust. And then you take that tool and democratize it to scientists around the world so that they can research the hadel zones and understand life on this planet more deeply. I like that process for you. So now let's talk about these differences in our unexplored oceans and how we're exploring them. So you guys have about 14 people in the lab here at Westlake University. Let's break this down. There's a couple of things. Let's start with this. There's the human occupied vehicles. Okay, so that's HOVs. Then there's unmanned underwater vehicles. UUVs. And unmanned underwater vehicles, there's AUVs, which are autonomous underwater vehicles. And ROVs, which are remotely operated underwater vehicles. So that's what requires a human but behind the computer. And so what are the differences between these? I mean, they do all different types of missions. We were talking about Remus, which goes and does the mine sweeping. So it's finding all of the old mines from the wars and destroying those, which it can actually terminate and discover and terminate underwater mines in one square mile in 16 hours. Whereas it used to, this is only a three foot long robot, which it used to take teams of divers and it used to be less safe and blah, blah, blah. But we also do things like map submerged wrecks, rocks. We do things like just scan our ocean floors, look for samples and take them back. Let's talk about the different vehicles, submersibles, how you design them and what they're doing. Okay. So basically, yeah, you're right. Manned, unmanned, two types. Unmanned can be divided into ROV, AUV. So basically AUV means without any cable. So you can do a wide area survey. So the basic way is the lights and the videos, cameras. So just record of this, the wide area information. And if you want to do some focused work to take samples or something, then you use the remotely operated ROV. ROV has a long cable to transmit the power to the submersible. So basically have a long, unlimited use of the power or something. What is the point? Because of this cable, it is harder to move the wide area. So you get to be focused on this particular side or something, and then you are remotely operated as a manipulator to get the sample or something. But the cable is there so it doesn't get lost? Unless the cable is broken. The cable is broken because when you are in the recovery or during operation, you got a sudden accident, it could be lost. So a lot of ROVs also get lost. AUV is expensive. Yeah, AUV is pretty plug-in. But if some unexpected situation happens, then change the plug-in, go to other directions, then far away from your ship, you couldn't receive any signal from it. It will be lost. So basically unlimited submersible has a high risk to be lost. Then also the main submersible, the main inside, you can do the very defined work focused. I can focus from a window or play my manipulator or something. And then they can actually freely like the sailing or something. So you can work it in a wide area. This work, that work area. But you need oxygen, food, water. Yeah, exactly. So basically like the three different types of submersibles, each has disadvantages. So basically a good set of tools is a combination of a system. If that work can be done using AUV, that's the cheapest, use AUV. If that work can be done using AUV, OK, use AUV. If that work needed to be defined, work needed to be use HOV, then you send the HOV down. And maybe in the evening, you use your AUV, AUV. In the day, also put your main submersible there. And also there can work collectively, like the AUV go around. And also you show how the AUV, how the HOV are doing, working or something. So this is a combination of tools. That would be very ideal. Record all the comprehensive information for the scientists. You know where, which place did the sampling. How do you get the sampling or something. Because otherwise, if we use only main submersible or something, we know the code of others. How do you get the sampling? Which actually the location was nearby, topography or something. So that's why the main idea, why I had the comprehensive pneumatic system. It's a combination of unmanned submersible, main submersible. And now for the unmanned submersible, actually started in the West Hall. The new concept, hybrid unmanned submersible. So one submersible, you can either convert it as an AUV or operate it as an ROV. So just in the ship, this time I use a cable. That time I without a cable, it's an AUV. So one submersible has two modes of working. That's very economical. The human can maybe remotely operate it when you need a very precise movement or resources to grab. But for these submersibles, you're still working on the batteries. The battery can only last, say, 10 hours or 10 hours or something, limited time. And in the deepest part, such as if you wanted to catch the fish or record the behavior of the fish, you don't know how long the fish will come or something. So if you wanted to stay in the button for a longer time, then land is the cheapest means. So that is why we also developed some sort of very economical, very cheap means, landers, like this camera system. We threw it into the button. We can work there for one week, one month, even a year. That's no problem, set it on record the long time. So if you want equipment to be installed on the ship button for a longer period, then land is the cheapest means. So that is why you see my comprehensive system. I designed several 11,000-meter landers, one hybrid unmanned submersible called ARV, autonomous and remotely operated vehicle, one HOV, and then one specific ship for this equipment to be operated. The landers are so interesting too because they have a glass sphere for buoyancy and then you can drop them down 11,000 meters and then they have different, like you said, you can add video cameras, you can add sampling ability so I can sample from the floor. So we can conduct science for months or years at a time with these landers and then resurface them afterward instead of these limitations with the battery powers, which I think is a really interesting part of what you're talking about. Now, what would we want to be finding? What's the top, let's say, three reasons that we... The oceans I think, what is it, 95% unexplored? And 70% of our planet is oceans and 95% unexplored. And below how many meters? There's no light? Well, basically about, say, 500 meters deeper, there's no sunlight at all. No sunlight once you go 500 meters deep. And the deepest is Mariana Trench, which is 11,000 meters. And this is usually next to the land, the continents, is a little bit the sea shelf. And then it goes down the deeper. So we can find different things on the sea shelf than on the very 11,000. So 1,000, 3,000 meters different than 11,000 zones. So what do we send the submersibles to find? What are the top three things we send to find?   I'm a technologist. The landers and the... Up to now, our human beings' capability is actually less than 6,000 meters for the ocean. Basically, we got some tools to do the exploration or something, scientifically, so to speak. But below the 6,000 meters, there's very few or little equipment for that. The Water Hall in the United States, you developed the Nile's unmanned submersible in... In 2008, it lost in 2014. In Japan, there's a Keiko ROV, developed in 1995, and it got lost in 2003. And James Carmillon, developed an 11,000 meter manned submersible, but that one, only for dive ones exploration or something, was just taking the Guinness record or something. Not very useful for the scientists. And so the scientists still at the moment don't have access to us to the head of trenches. So this more or less gave us a chance to be the leader in that area to develop or make some contributions to that area. So that is my wish or hope. So for a person, I find there is a gap there. If I can provide operational manned submersible, the first operational manned submersible for the world scientists, that would be a big personal achievement or something. So that's my main motivation. Five or six years ago, I studied it. And then I work on that. And yes, you're a tool builder for deep sea technology. But just give us an idea like what would the landers be finding or what would the submersibles be looking for? Top couple things. Yeah, basically there are a lot of things. One is like you get the first basically the survey of the sea pattern, say geography, and the map or resource distribution or anything like that. Second, you get some somebody in particular taking the ocean sea water and then sediment. And the button, what kind of structure, what kind of... Serving, then sampling. Sampling of anything you started and say currently one of the focus with our plastic pollution has been affected to the trench. So like the creatures in the trench, they are polluted by this plastic and it is now confirmed. Even the amphibos in the marine trench inside the stomach. There is a plastic bag. It has already been confirmed. So basically like the whole severe situation. And also you can start the impact of like the atomic nuclear waste if you put it inside the cafe. And also you could do the rescue and recovery like the loss of the MH370 or something. You need a lot of submersibles to make the survey where the employee crash. If you also for the rescue, say in Mexico or your platform accident or something, you need a lot of equipment, submersibles for rescue. So I think that then use archaeology or tourist or anything. So actually also you find the lost bombs in the ocean or you get to dispose of these bombs in the ocean like the left for the Second World War or something. So there are plenty of work can be done by these submersibles. And our human beings are lacking of this kind of tourist because they are not easy to be developed, cost quite a lot. Technology is very challenging. Only a few people can do it. So that's actually quite very useful. Wow. So we need to survey first our entire ocean floor with high quality video and just geographical, geological research. We need to sample the different sediments, the different ocean life as well down there to catalog it. Maybe there's unique things like GFP came from the jellyfish. And so maybe there's other unique aspects of biology that we can use in understanding neuroscience or the cell in general. So we need to do that. And then we have this... I like how you also said we can deploy the different technologies like a suite, like a big suite of deployments. So it's not only the landers, but it's the landers and it's the autonomous ones and the human operated ones and the robotic ones, all this type of stuff. And then also there's recs that need to be explored. If we want to understand the archaeology, the record of how humans got here, we should go look at some of the sea floors. There's interesting things down there about how we... The microplastics is a little bit... It's a little gross. We are hopefully evolving fast enough to realize that we come from those oceans that we need to stop. Plutium also somewhere in the range of 70% of all of our carbon sequestration is from phytoplankton. Yeah, phytoplankton. But also about 50% of the carbon may be located in this head of tranches. So the area is very small, but the carbon content actually occupies quite a high percentage of this carbon cycle. Interesting. So it could be that these ocean geothermal and geological events produced a decent amount of the carbon cycle process. Yeah.  Oh, yeah. That head of tranches is also very important. Yeah. Wow. So some of the tectonic plates, we usually only study on the continents, but when you look at the ocean floors, those... Those junctions of the ocean. Yeah, continental plates. And then the energy accumulated in that area to a certain level, it became a bit as quick or something. Yeah. So maybe these places are the first places to be detected where there is a big ice-creating or something. Yes. Yeah. So that's an ideal place for studying the ice-creating or something. Yes. Wow. Wow. Okay. That's so interesting. Okay.  What is where you see this heading? Like, maybe in 50 or 100 years, let's say, what would be your ideal way for us to go and survey and sample the oceans? What would be the ideal tool or technology? Okay. From my point of view, such as the technology, say, another five years or ten years is matured to explore the oceans or something. And if you spend some cost every country, pay some something, get more submissive to do the survey, because this trend is working load. No one country can afford to do all that. And this is benefited to all our human beings, similar as, you know, like the map to the land. This is a competing map for the ocean. So basically for this, if you want to complete a survey of one trench, say modern trench, maybe it costs one year ship time or something. It costs quite a lot. And there are more than 40 trenches or something. So if we only have one system, one ship, maybe it takes 40 years or something, similar as our human beings gene project. If we would organize together, you survey this trench, you survey that trench, we put it together maybe another 10 years or something. So now actually the main problem our human beings face, can we really work together for the same target? It's very difficult. I like that. For our reduction of the carbon dioxide, we initially had agreement, but if one country blocks, and for this, how to organize like the United Nations or some organizations, playing more rules to do that or something. Like the ocean cleanup project or the ocean mapping project, this type of stuff. So we can make all the ocean transparent, similar as you are working on the load or something. And like the human genome. Yeah, that's right. So with this organization, will someone come to lead that project or something? Open source the oceans for scientific, open science, notebook style. Exactly. Research. Yeah, like the Argyle project or something. There already has some project to be done, but for this head of transit, we also need, without that kind of organization, this could take 40 years or 100 years or something. Well, whether we can finish or not. But another district is really for me to see for our human beings is how to avoid the wars either local or global. Of course. The third world war. Because if there are two leaders or three leaders, they are not happy with each other. They started fighting and then divided into two parts and they're fighting each other or something. So as our human beings, actually no one can destroy ourselves, only ourselves. Yeah, yeah. So basically, such as... Oh, an asteroid. Yeah, an asteroid. Yeah, yeah. So basically, like only our human beings, like every country, respect each other, their different harmoniously. Then we try to solve the environmental issues and kind of issues or something. That's under that condition, all this science progress. Then we exploit the ocean resources to make people live much better, to improve our situations. Let all the poor people can survive, can live a better life or something. Yeah. So that's from my point of view. That is more important. I agree. Than purely technology-proclaimed, science-proclaimed. Yes, yes, yes. The importance of our relationship to nature, let's talk about this, because in order to avoid more war and suffering and issues with our lack of ethics or philosophy, if we dive deeper into where we come from, where do we come from?  We all come from a single source and that source is nature. We breathe the air, we eat the food, we drink the water of the planet, of Mother Earth, of this beautiful planet. It's also interconnected. There is no air that I breathe that you don't breathe. So when we see it that way and we connect to nature more and if scientists, especially when you push the frontier of knowledge, this edge further and further, if you have philosophers or ethicists or moral scientists working with you of these big tech companies, these big governments around the world, it's easier to collaborate and it's easier to remember that we come from, we come with this at the same time with evolution. So how do you see the human relationship with nature, especially with our oceans and how does our disconnection from that affect the issues we have in our world? Yeah, so that is basically, I had quite a lot of thinking about that and now what I find is that actually that's a collective mistake in the 20th century and the materialist philosophy dominates and actually this philosophy, scientifically now we can have a lot of questions to that, this is not very scientific, have a lot of paradoxes about that. But they didn't address like the relations, who am I, what's the relation? I with the other people, with the animal, with nature. So more or less separated, but as a matter of fact, we should have another philosophy this harmonious system, I can live better only if my environment is better. My environment includes other people like this one of skin of my body or something. So in that case, if you cheat the whole earth, it's my body and every one or every life on the earth is part of my body, my self or something. In that case, if most people believe in that kind of philosophy, then you can get harmonious with nature or something. But otherwise it's like, oh, we are fighting for the resources.  I become rich, I can live better or something. So in that case, maybe the people really should, I said very clearly, want to like you become, well, I can only live better, sacrifice of others. And no one wants to be sacrificed. So they want to fight against the survivors or something. So in that case, this is a very big mistake in this philosophy. What's actually the value or how to assess good people, better people or something. Get rid of this kind. Without this humans greedy or something, it's very hard to get harmonious with society, harmonious with people. From my philosophy, there's no enemy at all. Enemy was born from your heart. You regarded someone as my enemy. I treated him as a friend, he's my friend. Similar as any animal, a dog, a snake, anything. Because if you kill one kind of species, it will affect others. It's a cycle. Butterfly effect. Ten million species right now on the planet. Every single one of them is thought of like a cell in an organism. So there's heart cells, muscle cells, bone cells. It's very important to remember to be very, very careful with this ecosystem that gives us life, that sustains us, that is all interconnected. I want to talk about this too. This has now been said over and over again. This idea that we must slow down. And it's hard because a lot of people want to speed up. Speed up technology, speed up science is very important. And we agree it's important to push the science and technology. But if you do it without long-term thinking, seven-generational thinking, seven generations out, you risk causing serious issues. Because if we do the genetic engineering of a way of disease, this is of course, we understand this is important, yes. Can we also really consider what will happen seven generations out with this process? Thank you. Thank you so much for coming on our show. It's been such a pleasure talking to you. Thank you. Thanks everyone for tuning in. We greatly appreciate it. We would love to hear your thoughts in the comments below on the episode. Let us know what you're thinking. Have more conversations with your friends, families, coworkers, people online about the things we talked about in the episode about deep-sea technology, about all of the different styles of underwater submersibles about their importance in understanding our oceans and also about ethics and about philosophy and about spirituality and about nature, about all the things we talked about regarding that as well. Check out the links in the bio below to Wei Cheng's profiles. Also, support the artists, the entrepreneurs, the organizations around the world that you believe in. Support them and help them grow. You can support simulation. Our links are below. We'll be doing cool things like coming on-site to Westlake University for incredible interviews with leading professors, principal investigators. And go and build the future, everyone. Manifest your dreams into the world. We love you very much. Thank you for tuning in. And we'll see you soon. Peace. Good night. Thank you. Thank you.


Bonjour and bienvenue, this is Lama Delis and welcome back again to my channel. In today's tutorial, we are going to learn how to draft and how to sew a twist knot technique for tops or blouses. This technique will only require paper drafting and draping is not necessary, though it may seem like this method is draping related but it is not. It only gives the draping aesthetic since the technique relies heavily on a pattern-making technique called slash and spread.


Hi everyone, my name is Steph, this is Little Bookish Teacher and welcome or welcome back to my channel. Today I'm here to talk about short books that you can use for junior book clubs in primary school. So the idea from this came from a discussion I had with some colleagues earlier last year and we were talking about literature circles and traditionally literature circles have been used in middle and upper primary and early secondary as a way of students discussing longer texts. Our discussion really centered around how actually book clubs, literature circles slash book clubs, that's just another name for them, can actually be very successfully implemented in junior classrooms from kindergarten, year one, year two, etc. And it's just about choosing different texts, texts that students are interested in would be engaging for them and setting up the routines and expectations for them. So for anyone who's unfamiliar, literature circles traditionally came about by having a book that students would discuss and students would have different roles and would talk about the text from the lens of their different roles. Now those roles were initially created to help students understand how to have a conversation about a book, they were never meant to be hard and fast rules for what you had to talk about while in a literature circle. One of the things about teachers is when someone tells us, oh, this is a way that you could do it. We tend to stick with it because it's usually something that works. However, my philosophy with literature circles has always been to yes, teach the roles as a way of giving students a structure and a framework to think about the book, but you have to pull those roles back pretty quickly so that they know that they can actually access multiple of those roles anytime they're reading a book, because that's what we do as confident, capable independent readers as adults. We're always looking at the book through multiple lenses all the time and thinking about it in lots of different ways. So anyway, our conversation around book clubs in the junior grades came down to well, we need to actually find some really good short texts that we could use because literature circles usually run over a couple of weeks. In a junior classroom, you don't really have the luxury of running a four, five, six-week-long literature circle because that's just too long for a younger student. Those students are usually able to hold a story for a little bit longer, so they can manage it if you need to, which prompted me to go out and find some short novels. Now, I will also preface this by saying literature circles or book clubs do not necessarily need to be a novel. It can be a poem. It can be a short story. It can be anything that you want to talk about and that you can draw ideas out of and have a really rich discussion about the text with. For the purposes of this, I've gone on with some shorter novels and these actually range from short texts that would be fantastic in kindergarten grade one, grade two, as well as some books that would be fantastic in the upper years but are much shorter texts. So that would be great for those students who really struggle with much longer books. So we're going to start off with two that would be absolutely perfect for junior grades. The first one is Fairybred by Ursula Dupasarski and illustrated by Mitch Bain. This is part of the Puff and Nibbles series here in Australia and to be honest, any book in this series would work perfectly for a K-12 book club because even though they're novels, they have very large texts. They do still have chapters, so students feel like they're reading a chapter book but the story is much shorter and they often deal with contemporary situations that students might find themselves in. In this case, our main character, it's her birthday. She wants to have Fairybred for her birthday party and she and her mum make piles and piles of Fairybred that doesn't get eaten and then she has to figure out what to do with all of the Fairybred because she doesn't want to just throw it away. So there's a lot of scope in here for students to make connections, to talk about the characters, to talk about what they think might be happening in the story, what might happen next. The ending is also really great because there is an implied ending so you would actually have to talk about well, what do you think actually happened, which is amazing. Another short text, this one has slightly more text in it, is Born to Sing by Sally Morgan and illustrated by Craig Smith. This book I found in my school's library and I absolutely loved it. It's very, very short. Again, the text is a bit smaller in this one, so probably grade one, grade two, this would be perfect for them and this is about Maddie who loves to sing and she and her family end up going on a trip to see the whales because she's absolutely obsessed with whales along the coastline and along the way she becomes really worried that she's not going to get to see the whales so there is a little bit of suspense building around that and it opens up lots of conversations about family holidays, about being worried that you might miss out on something, things that those students can connect with. So I really love these kinds of options for younger readable clubs. In a similar vein is the Our Stories series. This is a collection of own voices stories that look at different cultures, different groups within communities, and their stories. So there is The Very Best Donut by Randall Adel Fattah. This one is about a young boy who is trying to fast for Ramadan for the first time. There is When Granny Came to Stay by Alice Peng, which is about a young boy whose Chinese grandmother comes to stay with them and she does things just a little bit differently and he's trying to reconcile that with all of the fancy new things that he wants. There is Marku by Main White. This is an indigenous story and this one follows a boy who wants to write the first Aboriginal superhero and then 29 Things You Didn't Know About Me by Sully Raphael. And this one is about making friends and being worried that you're not going to have things in common, particularly when you're having your first sleepover. These are short, they're great, they're diverse, they have an incredible cast of writers and I'm kind of hoping we get some more books in this series this year because I've really loved them. And also these ones do have quite large text as well. So these would be perfect for grade one, grade two, grade three. And then two books that sort of move more into that middle and upper primary category. There is Uncle Xbox by Jared Thomas. This one is an Australian First Nations story. It's about Dusty whose stepdad ends up moving out and takes away the Xbox that Dusty loves playing on. But then Dusty's Uncle Rick comes back into town and starts to teach Dusty how to surf. And it is about Dusty learning that it's okay not to have the video game console, that there are other things that he can do, which is rather topical for kids these days. But it's not preachy about it at all. It's about Dusty discovering new hobbies and finding things that he really loves, even when he thought he couldn't survive without one of his favorite things. And then finally there is Sea Glass by Rebecca Fraser. This one is about Kaelin who ends up staying with a grandfather. She doesn't really know very well while her mother is working a nursing job in a small coastal town. Kaelin and her grandfather bond over hunting for Sea Glass along the coastline. But of course Kaelin is there over school holidays and she's feeling like she's far away from her friends. She doesn't have the things that she absolutely loves and was planning on doing in the holidays. And so it takes a little while for her to come to groups with that and she's not always really nice to her grandfather and she's forced to realize that our words have power. I will say in this one just be aware that there is a character who ends up in hospital from a heart attack so be aware of that because that may be triggering for some students. So that's just a little collection of short books for book clubs in classrooms. Hopefully that is helpful to people. I'm looking forward to running some book clubs this year and I will keep you guys informed as to how that goes. We will probably start off with short stories and poetry just to get a sense of how we can actually build up stamina for longer book clubs. But you know some of these will definitely feature in them if we get a chance. If you've read any of these books I would love to hear your thoughts on them or if you have suggestions for other short junior fiction or middle fiction titles that would make for great book club books for students for free to leave them down below.  If you just want to let me know that you're here but you don't want to leave a comment for free to leave a whale emoji down below otherwise I hope that wherever you're on the world you're staying safe and healthy and I'll see you in my next video. Thanks so much for watching. Bye everyone.


Hello. Hi everyone. Pleasure to be with everybody here today. Hi James. We're excited to dive into this topic, how product and marketing teams collaborate on experimentation to drive growth. It's a subject that we are deeply interested in and we think you are too. My name is Colin. I'm leading Chameleon here in North America. I'm joined today by one of my friends and colleagues, James. Hello. Hey Colin. That's super exciting to be involved with this project with yourself and Chameleon. Yeah, just I guess quick introduction to myself. So I've spent a large part of my career being really fascinated in what I term the digital intelligence market and specifically around the experimentation practices that large enterprises have kind of adopted and it's been interesting to to watch how experimentation has matured over the last decade or so from a kind of a niche, nice to have kind of think into the strategic imperative that drive growth today. So and a large part of that was during my time leading the research at Forest as a principal analyst there. Nowadays, I'm an independent growth advisor, working with some of the leading brands and technology firms out there. And also I lead an awesome marketing team at a software company called CreativeX. So that's me Colin. Over to you. Yeah, thank you. Well, for everyone on the call, I just thought it'd be helpful if we took a big step backwards and explains a little bit about, you know, the research that we are aiming to present to you today. I'm not sure if this paradigm looks familiar, but you know, essentially what we see here at Chameleon is we talked to a lot of teams where they say like there's this wall in my company where I work really hard to like optimize acquisition funnels to generate interest and brand awareness and to create leads and demand. And once I build the prospects and customers are into that funnel, and they convert the hand over into product teams and cross this wall or this line in my company and often I never see them again. And that is a that is a story that we hear quite a lot here at Chameleon. And you know, it's a story I think that's a little bit of an old fashioned one, you know, this is something that that we see a long time ago, speaking technology so just for the last eight decade, but really the world has changed a fair amount. You don't have to live in this world where there's this line and this wall. The world has changed to a point now what what we're seeing is that it's less about just marketing lead growth and just trying to stimulate as much demand as you can to taking a more balanced approach to understanding that you can grow with marketing lead growth but you can also grow with product And this is an important point that we want to try to highlight for everyone on this call today is that you do not need to choose between marketing lead growth and product growth. In fact, the world has changed. What we see from these leading companies is that they are combining marketing lead growth and product lead growth. And one of the things that has a strong overlap between these leaders that work together on both types of growth is that they're relying on experimentation. This experimentation for them is is not necessarily just about, you know, conversion rate optimization. Like I said, improving those acquisition funnels, but really about trying to be as data driven as possible about where they should invest what sort of business decisions they should take. And if you look at these type of companies that are doing this today, the names are going to be pretty familiar to you. Right. These companies that we know about and talk about, you know, they're organized around how to support growth overall and often product led growth or people who have strong capabilities to affect product are leading those sort of teams, but they very much are collaborating with marketing. So this is the story that we've seen at Chameleon for, you know, the last few years. And we just thought it would be helpful to sort of begin to understand it in more nuanced detail. And that's where we invited James with all of his experience and experimentation research. We thought it would be really helpful to dig deeper into this trend.  What did we do here and what were some of the key takeaways? Yeah, I mean, what do we do is we ran a survey and I think produced with you and your team Colin some fantastic results that it's a kind of a one of a kind survey that certainly I've seen, you know, research around this before but not specifically on this topic kind of looking at growth and growth strategies and experimentation certainly not in this way. The title of the survey is, you know, the 2023 experimentation of growth survey, obviously sponsored by Chameleon, led by myself with involvement of many people at Chameleon and others. What we did is surveyed around 160 managers and above in the UK and within the US, you know, from like leading companies. And from the graphic, you can see that the roles that we surveyed were roughly split between product, marketing, engineering and experimentation. And from six verticals, for instance, BFSI, healthcare, media gaming, retail e-commerce and software as a service technology companies. And what we actually wanted to do was actually enter to your point Colin was to see what industry leaders are doing differently from the rest, especially when it came to the experimentation and growth strategies around, you know, market and product led growth strategies. So the first thing we really needed to do with this study is to identify these leaders.  One is the perception of themselves as industry leaders and their expectation for growth over the last 12 months. And what we actually found was that around 20% one in five of respondents came from industry leading organizations that we identified as organizations that identified as the only one, the one and only leader in the industry, as well as they expecting to grow faster than any other organizations in their sector within the next 12 months. So two very strong signals that indicate leadership within the organization. So what are we fine? Well, I'm going to go into that now. But before we go too much into detail, I want to maybe iterate a little bit what you kind of said, Colin, which is, you know, an important outcome of the race to digital transformation over the last couple of decades is the ability of companies to measure and manipulate digital engagement to understand and deliver great experiences. That's what essentially one of the outcomes of digital transformation, right? And this has driven huge opportunities for marketers, particularly around their growth strategies as they improve engagement within their brand and their CRO or conversion marketing efforts, right? However, an even bigger benefit factor over the last, let's say decade has been teams that we now call product teams that deliver digitized engagements within the products and services that many companies now offer their customers. And hence we've gone through this huge, you know, this kind of era where we've seen the rapid rise of product led growth strategies, which are now maturing. And these product led growth strategies now sit alongside these kind of more traditional or longer standing market led growth strategies in many of these companies, countries, sorry, companies. And what our survey shows is that leading companies tend to line, not only have both these strategies in place but are strongly aligned on both of these strategies. As you can see from this first kind of result that we show you right where we say that 90% of industry leading organizations have product led and market led strategies that are strongly aligned. And this contrast quite significantly where companies that are leaders or not leaders, should I say, and laggards have a 50% or less chance of lining on their strategies. So of course, you know, a fundamental characteristic of any organization or organizational strategic approach is how these teams work together. And so it's no surprise really that organizations where product and marketing teams are aligned have an 81% chance of growing significantly. So that's kind of parallel kind of result to the previous slide where it says the alignment of the strategies. This is actually the alignment of the teams. And you know organizations that are kind of of average success are much less likely to be aligned on their teams, the teams as well. So now we've, now we've looked at the kind of growth strategies of leaders, let's now look, have a look at how leaders are investing in experimentation to support this high growth, right. So the big hypothesis we had coming into this research was that great aligned experimentation strategies support these kind of holistic aligned growth strategies. Our survey clearly shows that experimentation supports both the product and marketing teams with with the growth approaches. So for instance, product teams benefit from investing in feature experimentation. And if they do, they're almost, you know, they are three times or almost three times more likely to come from high growth organizations, as well as the marketing teams benefit from investing, for instance, in web experimentation. If they do invest in web experimentation, they are over actually around three, three and a half more times likely to come from high growth organizations than those that don't, and will be growing significantly in the next 12 months. So investing, so investment in experimentation is critical to the success of both product led growth and market led growth strategies, particularly in the year ahead. So a few slides back, we reported that there's an 81% chance of a significant organizational growth for organizations where product and marketing growth strategies are aligned. The same alignment story is true actually for experimentation, where we see the alignment of experimentation metrics is critical to business success, at least so say 87% of the respondents. So let's talk a little bit more about the approach these leading organizations take to support multi team alignment on experimentation. We touched on the people and process part of experimentation strategies, but what about the technology part of it, right? So to bring people, in other words, teams together to drive enterprise wide processes needed for holistic growth approaches requires the right technology approach, such as a single platform approach. Our survey shows that around 90% of leading organizations are using one platform to execute and collaborate on experimentation, as well as the maturity of using mature proven technology. And by that we mean off the shelf technology provided by great vendors such as chameleon that have the scale capability and stability needed to support sophisticated experimentation programs. And what our result showed was that 63% of leading organizations realize that off the shelf experimentation products are the way to go over and above the kind of build it themselves. And actually what we find is that there is a great combination of buying these sophisticated technologies that we see today and building on top of them as well. So there's this kind of dynamic equilibrium between the two. So I want to take a little bit closer look a closer look at the technology approach. And what we show is so let's take a look at what the leaders are saying and what we see is that critical to growth is the existence of a fully integrated platform with the organization. So what does that mean? It means that so what is a fully integrated platform is one that brings together web and feature experimentation within a single platform. It's not only a single platform, but it also has all these integrated features as well so slightly different from a nuanced perspective inside from the previous slides. And so we need this fully this full integration of web and feature experimentation and other features to support the needs of all the teams. And what we find is that firms that have a fully integrated platform are 70% more likely to grow in the next 12 months. And this is what our surveys are showing us. No, I just want to I want to add touch on that point there and give a little bit extra context if we can. James, because what I see is when I talk to these teams is that it's not enough just like it's one thing to say like okay well we've got a web experimentation solution and we've got a feature experimentation solution and okay fine it's great that they're on an appearance maybe that they're on a single platform. But often what is happening is that the web experimentation solution has its own KPIs, its own events, its own segments, its own team management, and then the feature experimentation has an entirely different data model. And what happens is that it may look like it's an integrated platform but in reality there's still this bickering intention about what data model are you using what data model am I using and then that's that benefit of having like a single source of truth is missed, and it just bogs down the experimentation efforts. And that's not what the, I think I just wanted to touch on that point that's not what we're seeing the leaders do. They know they have a single library for all their events and KPIs and segments. They have a single dashboard where developers and engineers can see these flags and these experiments and marketers can see these over here. But importantly they're all trusting that the information that they're using is accurate and not worried about apples to oranges problems which I think a lot of like immature or laggard stuff. Yeah, I mean you got your, you said something that's key there, it's like they share the same data model, the same measurement engine, right? And if you, I mean, just notionally if you're going to have a marketing and product or two teams driving the growth strategy and that is a merged or integrated growth strategy driven by experimentation, you need a single system of insights and experimentation to really do that. I mean, it's not possible to do it, right? To have two measurements or two experimentation systems will essentially drive two different programs and never the train shall meet all they can, but it's really difficult. So, yeah, totally, yeah, totally get that. So, shall I take us to our final insight then, you know, that I just wanted to share. You know, it takes us back to the people part of the people process and technology discussion, right? And it really brings us to an age old debate of the involvement of technology people such as developers, right? So, you know, I'm kind of old and gnarly enough to kind of remember where developer was King or Queen and she, you know, ruled the roost when I came to driving the adoption and enablement of technology. And we've gone through a couple of decades where, you know, the business person is now kind of in the driving seat when it comes to leveraging technologies that drive many practices, not least experimentation, right? And we've almost sidelined the developer. We don't want the developer there because she or he slows things down when we want to implement, we want to do stuff, oh, we need to get to the developer. And so, you know, hence the rise of business friendly, low code and even no code technologies. And, you know, chameleon has again with the rest of the experimentation community chase that kind of that mantra of like we want just the stuff in the hands of the people that the operators, the business people, etc. However, you know, to really maximize the ability to innovate and scale experimentation within enterprises requires at least some involvement in of the developer, right? Why, for instance, if we're going to integrate a your experimentation platform with your, your, for instance, your engagement systems or your experience delivery systems as your personalization system, or even your, your CDP or other data delivery systems, you are going to And you want to do that in ways that perhaps you're competitive on doing, you need that secret source that the developer can do to kind of do that, as well as you need that, you know, the dev person to customize and tailor capabilities, you know, processes and outputs that are unique to your own business so that your experimentation is supporting your business processes rather than altering your business processes to the needs of the, the, you know, the system itself. And so that's why experimentation is important. And, you know, hence no surprising that leading organizations rely heavily on developers when supporting their holistic strategies with experimentation. You know, this insight that we see here from the survey shows that 59% of leaders see developers as critical to experimentation. And that's about, you know, one and a half times more likely than the non leaders. So I thought that was a really interesting kind of final insight Colin from from this this research and so I'm going to take a breath now and maybe did you want to summarize some key takeaways. Yeah, you know, but I do want to stay on this point because I think it's so important for everybody. You know, the bottom line is that if you're going to be optimizing the product, you're going to be working in the back end. You're going to be working with full stack developers and engineers so it's, you know, if you want to be a part of this trend of taking marketing led growth and product led growth and collaborating to become a leader in your category. You have to have engineering support. But what we see is that it's not the zero sum game where it's like, okay, if engineers have to be involved, then everything when it comes to experimentation needs to be engineering heavy. Do you need engineers to have code back end experiences? Absolutely. Like no one's going to, you know, no one's going to tweak the algorithms or, you know, build the on the back end without an engineer. But does that engineer actually need to be involved in like allocating how much traffic your experiment gets or choosing the KPIs that are going to be used to measure the experiment. Because the developer need to be part of, you know, picking out the targeting in the segments. No, this can all be handed off to somebody that may be dedicated to experimentation. It could be the product manager that knows their segments much better. So I just want to highlight there's a nuance to that point. Developers absolutely need to be involved to be able to reap the benefits of experimentation, but they don't necessarily have to be involved in every single step of the experimentation launch. And I think that's just a key point everybody should hear. So I know it's, you know, if you try, you know, there's different ways of like compressing that into some report, but the way that thought that comes to mind is that, you know, developers are really important to create innovation and integration and make it relevant to your organization to kind of create that differentiation. And then they need to kind of take a step back as they've created this enabled feature these integrations and let the operations and business people scale it right and to scale those experimentation. So this is exactly an dynamic. Yeah, and I think that's the real sauce of success is that when you look at those leaders again, you know, I can kind of pivot over to some of the key takeaways because I always just like to think like, how, what do I do here? I want to roadmap, give me the table. But, you know, before I, you know, before I dive into this list, I just want to highlight the one big thing that's, you know, seems apparent, but it's important to like continue raising is that these teams that are aligned, they're relying on a common set of metrics that and they use those metrics to build these flywheels and you can see that is what these leaders are doing. So to kind of get into that more detail, they do not choose between marketing led growth and product led growth. They go on both. I think that's very important. If you're going to pursue both methods, then you have to again understand experimentation is an engine of growth for marketing led growth and product led growth. You're going to have to give the marketing side, classic web experimentation. James, it speaks to that like no code, no tech, non technical teams being able to like easily optimize UX and messaging to help, you know, optimize their acquisition models. You're going to have to give the product and engineering teams the ability to gate features with a flag control release control rollouts rollout go back easily. But what's so important is that flywheel point here, which is that these teams that understand, okay, well, look, wow, when this particular cohort of users really is sticky. We see great engagement, a lot of retention from them. How can we get more of these type of users that information is fed back into the marketing led growth teams or the marketing teams, and then they use that information to build more refined campaigns. So essentially, they're optimizing their funnels so that they can deliver more of the types of customers that product team knows, love, and will adapt to their product. And again, you can see that benefit that flywheel just like feeds itself again and again and again. Yeah, you know, I thought you said it really well. So when you look at laggards, what they what I commonly see is that they're, you know, I can't tell you how many times, you know, call the day with somebody complaining about in house and built in house technology that is super old nobody said and wish they had never done it to begin with. But again, it's there's more nuance to this where you shouldn't just go off and say like I'm going to build a robust unified experimentation platform from scratch. That's a very hard thing to do. But you don't have to say to yourself like I'm never going to try to like integrate something that's off the shelf with my tech stack. I think you can have both essentially today, which I think is really important. Yeah, that's a fundamental shift. I've seen literally in the last like three to five years right that kind of this sophisticated hybrid approaches, only because it's been supported by you know chameleon and similar types of technologies that have enabled to do that right. So yeah, yeah, yeah, you mean again, you can have it both today, which is super exciting pursue appeal gene emoji pursue in house and sorry off the shelf technology and then build customized stuff on top of that. And then we already talked a lot about engineers so I think that points just welcome welcome your engineers don't be that you know, be kind to your engineers because you can work together definitely. Yeah, yeah, you know, so you can invite them into the process by giving them the tools and the methodologies that they want, but you can simultaneously guard how much of their time needs to be in experimentation by being thoughtful about the solutions you're working with because again, not all solutions need to be so deadhead. So, you know, everyone on the call. Obviously, we have a big stake in this. It was important for us to see this research really kind of confirmed the vision that we had for chameleon, which is that hold on to be successful today you have to have a single platform that's going to work for all time teams and all types of teams. You have to make sure that you're giving all the solutions that those teams are looking for, you know, do they does marketing need a whizzy wig. Absolutely. Does product. No, they don't as engineering. No, they need feature flag future experimentation. And then, you know, each one of those teams is going to require that we work very well with their preferred analytics tool, or their preferred CDP or whatever kind of third party martech that's important to that team to make sure that you're getting ROI from experimentation from we have to integrate with. So, yeah, I just wanted to thank you for the this research and because it again confirmed the sort of path of the vision that we have for experimentation. Yeah, it's been fun. Huge fun. I love it. For everybody on the call. We just touched on some of the key takeaways from this report. It's really interesting if anyone is really struggling to communicate to senior management about how experimentation needs to flourish outside of whether it's marketing or in product. And how it needs to come together so that you can become one of the leaders that we highlighted here. I really encourage you to have a close look at the research. You'll see the full report there. Thank you very much for your time. Thank you everyone. Bye bye.


I'm actually MCing and keynoteing and we're going to talk about all the amazing announcements and news in the open source community in Europe from the Linux Foundation Europe standpoint and more globally across the open source world in the Linux Foundation. Hi, this is your host Appli Bharti and we are here at open source summit in Bilbois. And today we have with us once again, Gabriele Colombro, GM of Linux Foundation Europe and executive director of Finos. Gabriele, it's good to have you back on the show and actually you are the one who's opening my whole interview sessions here at the event. We met a few months ago at the open source summit in Vancouver and there is so much to talk about especially that you are MCing this event, you delivered a keynote and a lot of announcements there but before we go there just tell me how has been the event so far, what kind of audience, what kind of turnout. Let's just talk about the event. Well, first of all thanks for having me here Swapnail. It's always a great pleasure. Well, I feel at home here. I actually, I'm Italian but I've studied in Spain, I speak Spanish and it's you know Bilbois is such a beautiful city. The event is looking great, the venue is fantastic. I think we had a great turnout, the keynote this year. I've been MCing for the first time as you know I run Linux Foundation Europe now so I was really pleased with sort of the energy. I mean we're just at the beginning but I see folks being very engaged. It's a momentous time in open source and I think the crowd is very diverse, you know corporate contributors, individual contributors, public sector, I think they get that this is a super interesting time in open source. Now, when we look at TechConf as in a general open source summit before that it was LinuxCon, you folks play a very big role in this space and I do like to repeat that message because the fact is Linux Foundation, you folks paved path for a lot of corporate players, companies to not only start embracing open source but also get involved with it. So talk a bit about corporate presence, companies presence or just give us kind of some takeaways, highlight of your keynote this morning. I think you make a very important point and this was actually one of the themes in the keynote. I tried to really tee up the common traits and the themes that we're going to develop over the next three days. Linux Foundation does you know bring together all the different constituents and historically as you say the open governance model that the Linux Foundation provides is really about creating a level playing field for individuals and corporate contributors. I would add with my Linux Foundation Europe hat on that we are seeing a new frontier here where the public sector is starting to also get engaged more effectively in open source and in fact you know this is one of the themes that have started developing today during my opening keynote we've identified five main themes that we're going to touch on throughout the conference through the announcements that we're going to make and that really are very topical you know across the Linux Foundation but particularly in Europe I think and the first two we really started today. The first one is the critical role of open source in vertical industries as you know I also run Phinos so I might be a little biased here but I have seen how open source is now pervasive in you know finance through Phinos in telco through LF networking. We actually announced today Project Silver which is another European based LF Europe centric cloud telco project across the large operators and mobile operators in Europe so definitely vertical industry is continues to be I think an important area of development open source is not just about technology it's truly about delivering business values as industries undergo the digital transformation so I think this is the sort of one of the key themes I developed today and then the second one is we touched on it the growth of public sector engagement in open source the creation of venues for the government to be effectively influencing and participating open source projects you know the open wallet foundation it's one of our LF Europe projects has a government advisory council has recently announced Microsoft and Google as members so that really is the epitome of this idea of bringing together the public sector technology companies industry companies across the same project in open source and then there's a couple more teams that we're going to develop in the next few days through our announcements and our keynotes you know you would not be surprised to hear that one of them is open source and AI and I'm not going to spoil it just yet but clearly we've seen in 2023 the year of AI we've seen how open source has accelerated the democratization and innovation of AI through the you know llama a large language model sort of being the first milestone in this area and so we're going to have some exciting announcements throughout the week here and then finally the other two teams are open source and sustainability it's something that is really critical you know not just open source sustainability but the impact that open source can make on sustainability and issues like climate change social inclusion and then last but not least kind of going back to your initial point the importance of open governance as an additional layer on top of of course open source and using licenses that are you know allow the value exchange that we're so used to in the open source community kind of going back to the theme of open governance and the importance of it I think you know one of the major news earlier this year was you know Hashikarp changing their license for Terraform on some parts of Terraform to the business source license which is effectively not an open source license and so probably most folks in the community are familiar with the fact that a fork a hard fork has been launched formally known as OpenTF with the manifesto they came out and we're very excited to announce this week that uh uh now called OpenTFU will become a Linux foundation project tofu is of course a very malleable food and the idea is really that this new framework will be supportive and adaptable to all needs in terms of you know infrastructure provisioning uh and you know before I close I want to be clear this is not a religious thing I think each corporate like Hashikarp has fully their prerogative of you know changing the license of a project that they own the full copyright for but from the consumer standpoint from the standpoint of a individual or a company or an enterprise that is investing or creating a dependency on an open source project it's truly important to be able to say hey I have an alternative I have optionality I know that the project that is openly governed will not change the license and sort of change my risk profile effectively and so I think this goes back to what we were talking before about you know the importance of layering open governance on top of open source and that's of course you know sort of our bread and butter you mentioned AI and as you know genitive AI AI is a hot topic these days and I feel that this is a place where a Linux foundation can play a very big role there are a lot of AI related projects which has the word open in it but they are not truly open source so talk about what is Linux foundation doing what are what are you folks doing in this space you're absolutely right and we're very excited uh on Thursday oh sorry I restart um yeah we're you're absolutely right snapnail uh open source and AI uh you know has been a hot topic this year I mean AI itself as of late 2022 of course we're we're I would say leaving the AI summer as opposed to the AI winter over the last couple of decades um but you know earlier in the year most people probably have seen the leaked paper from google called we have no moat that really truly talked about how open source large language models uh are accelerating faster than anyone would have had predicted and that really you know the paper really said neither google nor open AI have a moat versus open source AI innovation and so uh you know if you pair that with the need for open governance around some of these large language models and the idea that you know it's important that such a powerful technology be democratized um we are super excited uh to announce uh that uh we're starting a new initiative under the LFAI and data foundation called generative AI comments uh we are going to host uh um you know we're going to provide a way to have large language models in uh an openly governed uh fashion and we're also announcing our first large language model uh contributed to the linux foundation under the gen AI comments under the auspices of LFAI and data so very exciting developments I think for the open source community and for the AI community now let's talk about Linux foundation Europe it was announced almost a year ago in in Dublin let's talk about some updates on the foundation let's talk about either new members new projects just give us a date what's going on with the with the foundation actually yesterday we hosted our first linux foundation member summit in europe uh it was uh I think a smashing success uh we had uh you know it it seems a lifetime ago but it was just a year ago that we announced a linux foundation Europe and since then we have now reached almost 150 members uh who clearly have validated the need for a regional entity that can act as a gateway uh towards the broader linux foundation uh you know open collaboration platform and federation um we uh showcase the four projects that we launched in the last year the open wallet foundation project silva who we just announced today became a funded project so but some of the largest uh telco operators in europe and then we have rise the risk five software ecosystem uh you know companion to our risk five international uh uh organization but building you know the software part of it the sort of software companion to the uh specification work that happens in risk five and then last but no least is announcement from a couple of weeks ago uh the servo project uh was moved to linux foundation europe uh servo is a uh rust based uh web engine uh so think about you know alternative to blink or webkit truly that uh platform layer that enables you know web rendering but based in rust so you know with all the good things that come with the sort of memory safety and and sort of security features of that language uh there's actually a pretty big project 20 000 starts on github so we're very excited about that uh and of course last but no least this is going to be something that we really unpop our messaging this week uh is uh you know the cyber resilience act i honestly when we launched linux foundation europe a year ago i didn't realize how much of uh our effort was going to be focused on educating the public sector on uh you know the impacts of uh uh the cyber resilience act and other uh legislation that is coming down on the open source community and so today we have launched our fix the cra campaign we're asking for our community to uh help us and and be vocal to help adjust you know the aspects of the cyber resilience act that truly risk to undermine open source in europe as we know it and i want to be clear the cra has very worthy goals about bolstering cyber security but the way it's drafted it truly risks to append the value exchange of open source in the way we've all have been used to you know appreciate and and we'll benefit from gabrielle thank you so much for sitting down with me and talk about the foundation give us an update especially the whole involvement with the public sector of course genetic AI so thanks for all those updates and i would love to chat with you again soon thank you thank you swapnell it's always a pleasure to talk to you


The Reform Workstream really is about supporting the implementation of priority structural reforms. The Treasury has done a lot of work on exploring the kind of structural reforms that South Africa needs to sustainably boost growth and create more inclusive growth. And through this workstream we've been able to bring on board certain kinds of expertise in advancing the reform agenda that doesn't currently exist within government. So the Reform Workstream is really aimed at supporting Operation Wulindlela, which is there to accelerate the implementation of priority structural reforms. And through SA Tide we've been able to access the kind of expertise that we wouldn't have been able to elsewhere. So it's just been a great partnership for us in helping to achieve some of government's broader policy aims. The structural reforms workstream is actually a little bit different to the other workstreams in the sense that it's more demand-driven than the other workstreams would be. So other workstreams you'd be able to have this work plan and to say upfront what kind of work you're planning to do. Ours is a bit more surprise. You kind of discover as you go that, well, we're going to need to bring an expert in on this issue or we're going to need to commission a paper on this issue or we're going to need some specialist support on implementing one, two, or three. So it's a little bit difficult to say upfront what we anticipate, but in terms of the areas that Operation Vullintela covers, we have five priority areas that's across water, transport, energy, visa reform and digital communications. So going forward, I think we have quite a packed agenda in terms of what we hope to achieve with Operation Vullintela. It has a fairly short lifespan, so we may not be around after the next political cycle concludes. And so we have a lot of reforms that we want to get over the line in the next year or so.


So I requested the speaker to summon the foreign minister to the parliament for questioning regarding the due to get remarks by some of the government's senior officials day before yesterday. And while the parliament is still in recess, we are trying to hold a special session within the recess for the summons. Okay, so how do you see the actions taken by the current government against the ministers who made such delegated remarks? So I think what the government has done is not sufficient. I think that it requires the gravity of the situation requires that the government issues a formal apology as well as immediately terminate the said deputy ministers in question. I think suspension is not the right way to go about it. And I think we have had a very strong and valuable relationship with India. And I think the ruling party needs to weigh what the Maldives requires more, whether what the Maldives values more, whether it values its relationship with India or it is holding the relationship and the loyalty the said deputy ministers have with the ruling party as more important. So when can we see that in the parliament? I mean, when will the parliament reconvene? The official date for the parliamentary convene is February, but we are trying to hold a session within the recess as well. So as we speak, the Maldiving president is in China and he's supposed to meet the president of China, Xi Jinping, you know, breaking away from the tradition of visiting India first as their first foreign destination. How do you see such shift in the policy? Well, I am sad to see that Maldives has steered away from its age-old foreign policy, which would always put India first. And it was a very balanced foreign policy approach where we, I think, understood the realities of our geography as well and our mutual strategic interests. And we have always remembered that we are India's backyard. And I think that is a reality that we cannot ignore disregard. So it is very disappointing that the government has taken this approach and steered away from years and years of foreign policy that the Maldives has maintained. So we have seen what China has done to Sri Lanka. As I mentioned, he is in China and key agreements are supposed to be signed. Do you think Mali is going the same way under President Muizu? Well, I am concerned that there is the lack of transparency in disclosing the agreements and keeping us privy, the parliament privy to such agreements. And we had recently heard that they had made a 30-day visa free. Sorry, we had recently seen that the government declared that Chinese tourist arrivals wouldn't need a visa anymore. But we have had a 30-day visa free rule for all countries in the Maldives. So it is a bit strange for them to announce such things. Sir, what will you say on India's assistance to Mali that it has provided over the years, be it COVID vaccines or supporting through operation? Pani, how do you think that this is going to have an impact on the tourism? Because since this controversy has begun, there has been a decline in the Indian tourists who have been coming to Maldives. So what will you say on assistance and what impact do you think it will have on the tourism sector? Well, India has always been our strongest ally when in our time of need. And India has always given us a helping hand. Be it the 1988 coup which we had here or the COVID vaccines which were provided to us and we were the first, I think, country to have received such assistance from India. India has always been with us. And I think that what's happening is, although it is sad and appalling, I don't find it shocking that I find that this is the culmination of years and years of systematic anti-India rhetoric that has been spewed by the current ruling party. And I think it is very sad that they are finding it hard to differentiate between working as opposition activists and now managing their roles as ministers of government.


What's going on guys? It's your boy DPJ here today with another Destiny video and in today's Destiny video I'm going to show off to you guys my amazing foul winters lie roll of mud. Now the Iron Banner finished earlier this week and a lot of people were basically new to Iron Banner, had the foul winters drop for them and have had constant tweets and comments on videos. People asking me what in your opinion is the best roll of mud you can get on a foul winters lie. Now there are a couple of amazing foul winters mud you can actually have. I have two foul winters lies and two completely different weapons due to the muds. Now the thing about this weapon is and the thing about this roll is basically I find myself more times with this weapon coming up against people, multiple enemies and not being able to shoot quick enough to take them all down because of its slow fire rate. More time than I do getting heat markers from range. So I basically wanted a roll on this weapon which improved its rate of fire and that meant getting full auto. Now fully auto on this weapon does drastically increase its fire rate it really does. I didn't believe this at first until a friend showed it me and I couldn't believe it was the foul winters lie he was shooting. Now I'll show you guys both of these on screen. Now you've got the standard foul winters lie and the one with full auto and you guys can see the difference. It is ridiculously increased with full auto. Now I wanted full auto paired with a range perk and a damage perk and that is what I got. I mean I spent way over 100 mobs of light I think pushing 150 maybe even more. I haven't even counted but I did get there in the end so this roll of mud I mean you could drop for you on your first roll but for me it certainly did not. It's like the game knew what I wanted and held out until my last few mobs of light. Now it did come across some amazing rolls of muds which I know a lot of you guys will prefer because I know a lot of you guys want more range on your shotgun and ain't really worried about fire rate but it's the other way around for me. Like I said I find myself entering rooms with multiple enemies and not being able to shoot quick enough with the foul winters lie and this happens a lot more than me not hitting people at the range. So range for me isn't really a problem I mean with hammer forge like I got which is the range perk I did have and with lock in the chamber paired with fully auto that is my perfect roll of muds and with aggressive ballistics also but there are some amazing rolls like I said you guys will like and prefer more than the one I prefer things like final round hammer forged and shot package lock in the chamber hammer forged and shot package knee pads hammer forged and shot package for those of you guys who like to slide you can also replace shot package with range finder but I do think shot package is more effective but that's just my opinion. So yep guys my perfect roll of muds on a foul winters lie is full auto lock in the chamber and hammer forged or in correct order lock in the chamber hammer forged and full auto and if you can get aggressive ballistics that is a bonus too. Now I do have a second foul winters lie which I actually did get this week from the iron banner it dropped for me and on that one I do have aggressive ballistics I have lock in the chamber hammer forged and shot package that is a perfect roll of muds for me and the best thing about it is it dropped this way I couldn't ask for more. Yep guys take your pick of the roll of muds I mentioned in this video all of them are effective it just depends on your play style hope you guys enjoyed the video do drop a like I do appreciate the support thanks for stopping by as always and peace out until next time. Peace!


There is nothing better than chewy and toasty flaked coconut. Hmm? Me. My daddy just loves coconut. He loves coconut cake. He loves French coconut pie, and he loves these macaroons. These are very simple and so delicious and so quick too. We're gonna start out with two egg whites, and we're gonna beat them. Make sure that you preheat your oven to 350 degrees. You're gonna pull that up to a high speed. And then you're gonna add two thirds cups of sugar. I'm gonna show y'all some time while that's beating. Um, I had someone send me some vanilla. It's called Los Cincos. So a Cosmil, uh, vanilla. And says it's 100% original. It does have a very strong flavor. It's made in Mexico. It's sold for Los Cincos souls. I have no idea who sent me this. Maybe the company did. But I'm gonna see if we can get it on amazon because it is delicious. Here we're gonna put in 14 ounce bag of flaked coconut. Times from two different brands. This is the bakers. And this is some that I had that was Aldi brand. I mix in the two together. And the bakers is more moist. We're just gonna fold it into our sticky egg mixture. Now these are my favorite, one of my favorite cookies. Gady loves these. And let me just say, if you make these cookies, you need to make them the day you're gonna serve them because they're so crunchy and toasty on the outside and delicious and chewy on the inside. And of course they're best the day they've just been made. These are so good, you won't want to keep your hands out of them. Daddy loves these cookies. If you love coconut, this is such a simple easy must try recipe. If you take it anywhere, you won't have any left, I promise. So now we're just going to drop them out on our parchment paper. Make sure you use large eggs. So that you have enough sticky. If you want them to be really sticky and go where you can use three egg whites, but I always use two. That's what my recipe says. You're gonna bake these for 25 minutes at 350 degrees. So they bake for a while to get nice and toasty. Okay, the timer on the cookies went off. They do get nice and toasty. Okay, I'm gonna get out this first batch. I really got them a little too brown. This little oven I usually set, these smaller ovens really need to be set at least 25 degrees down lower than a regular oven because they're just, it's a tighter space. So the next batch, we are going to make it 325 because it is a small oven for 25 minutes. And we're going to go ahead and put those in and see how they turn out. And the great thing about these cookies is that they're, they're very chewy. You can tell by looking at the bottom. Definitely easy and definitely delicious. There is nothing better than chewy and toasty flaked coconut. Y'all have got to try these. They're so simple and so easy and so fast. Thanks for watching Colored Belly Cooks. Wherever you cook, like mama did. Bye y'all love ya.