Good evening, everyone. Hope you can all hear me and thank you so much for joining us tonight. I'm Jen Santos, the Deputy Director of Parks for the City of Santa Rosa. We are going to go ahead and get started while we get our interpreters set up in just a minute. We do have one on the line. So, as you may have surmised, we do have interpreted services this night for our discussion about Fremont Park in Santa Rosa. We're excited to have you with us to reimagine the park. Our interpretive services. With the interpretive services, we'll meet about a half an hour break to an hour break every night. We'll be taking breaks at every half an hour to an hour in the meeting to allow our interpreters a small five minute break. So we'll keep you posted as those roll forward, but we wanted to make you aware of that. And I'm going to turn it over to our host to explain how to how Spanish translation services are being provided. A live interpretation can be heard on the Spanish channel. You can join the Spanish channel by clicking on the interpretation icon in zoom toolbar. It looks like a globe. Next slide, please. Can we go to the next slide? Bueno, se puede escuchar interpretación en vivo en el canal de español puede unirse al canal de español haciendo click en el icon de interpretación en la barra de herramientas de zoom que ahora parece un globo terráqueo. At the time of public comment the interpreter on the panel will be prepared to assist anyone needing interpretation. It's recommended that you shut off the main audio so you can clearly hear the Spanish interpretation. Additional instruction will be given at that time. Jen, back to you for additional housekeeping for today's meeting. Bueno, en el momento de comentario público, el intérprete del panel estará preparado para ayudar a cualquier persona que necesita interpretación. Se recomienda que apague el audio principal para que puede escuchar claramente la interpretación en español. En ese momento se le dará instrucción adicional. Jen, de nuevo contigo para asuntos de mantenimiento. Thank you. Okay, so I have a little bit of housekeeping. As members of the public join the meeting, you will be participating as an attendee. Your microphone and camera will be muted. Only today's panelists will be viewed during the meeting. If you are calling in from a telephone for privacy, the host will be renaming your viewable phone number to citizen, and only last four digits of your phone number will show. Once our informational presentation concludes, we'll move to item three on the agenda, questions, questions and answers and community input. At that time, we will ask that you raise your hand and zoom if you have a question answer or question or comment, and our zoom host will move one by one down the list of attendees attendees with their hands raised. If you have asked your question or shared your input, the zoom host will lower your hand. If you heard your question asked and then answered, we ask that you lower your hand so we can move through as many questions as possible. Additionally, the city of Santa Rosa is committed to providing a safe and inclusive environment free from disruptions and will not tolerate hateful speech or actions. Everyone is expected to participate respectfully or if necessary the meeting will end immediately. Next slide please. So as I mentioned in the beginning I'm Jen Santos deputy director for parks, but I also have a special special guest with us tonight for you won't be seeing that you are well represented tonight by your board of community services members attending, including the chair and vice chair of the board of community services, and then tonight's presentation will be provided by our Meyer landscape architects, and I will turn it over to them for introductions. Hello, my name is Nicole Kelly, and I am joined tonight by my colleague and friend and the owner of the firm David Meyer. I will be doing the most of the presentation tonight and I'll be taking you through the site analysis and and the polling and all of the presentation. Next slide please. We were so excited. So thrilled to learn that we had been selected as a landscape architects. And we, and part of the reason that we just feel like this park has so much potential, but we desperately need your help. So we are so grateful for you taking the time to attend this meeting. We're excited that all of you are joining us tonight. As we start dreaming about how Fremont Park might better serve your needs in the future. So here we have the agenda. We're going to start by talking about the site location and a short history of Fremont Park. I'm going to talk about the project goals and objectives for this project. We're going to go review the schedule, and then we're going to do a short poll with some really easy questions just to get you used to the polling function on this zoom webinar format. Next, we're going to go dive into the park and talk about site analysis, we're going to talk about what its context and what's nearby. We're going to talk about the beautiful existing trees and some of the original features found in the park, and we'll talk about the cancer memorial features as well. After that we'll have, we'll review some reference images, and talk about and then start dreaming about what the park might become in the future and what your ideas might be so we'll look at some reference images of other parks, and you'll be able to vote on your favorite elements. And then we'll have a question and answer section, which Jen just described. And then finally, we'll give you more information about the survey that's available on the city website. Talk about next steps, and give you contact information if you have, if you would like to request any additional information. I know many of you already know about where this park is and what's nearby but this aerial photograph really shows you how close it is to downtown. It's just a seven minute walk between courthouse square and Fremont Park which is highlighted in the aqua color surrounded by yellow. It's between 4th Street and 5th Street and then hope on on the Eastern boundary where it's really close to the Cherry Street Historic District, which you'll see in blue. It's right across the street from Santa Rosa Middle School. And it is this proximity to all these businesses and the residential districts as well. And of course the Santa Rosa Middle School that really mean it has the potential to be activated by all these people who are within walking distance and that's really an exciting thing for us. Next slide. A little bit of history. In 1865, the local school district at the time, bought the land from an early settler with the last name of Pullman. The site was occupied by Fremont Grammar School until 1924. The park and this grammar school were named after historical figure John C. Fremont, who was an explorer and also one of the first California Senators, US Senator representing California. In 1926, the site was sold to the city of Santa Rosa and the rock, the stone that's at the corner of Hope and 4th, that you can see in this photo commemorate that, that the land, the donation of, sorry, the selling of the land to the city and honors the Frontiers people in the first settlers in the area. The park was designed by landscape architect Howard Filty. We have the original blueprints and they're really beautiful. The park you can see a photo in the lower left. It was designed in what was called the bow art style, which was very romantic, and it was. It was very fashionable in that time and was very was seen throughout Europe and the US and in landscape design and in park design. In 2000 cancer survivor Plaza was installed and we'll be talking that a little bit later. The top photo shows on the top left shows a camp. This is the park I think this was taken in the 1950s or 60s, and just showing a huge community of people who were using the park and as a place for their camp. Okay, so this park has been a rich part of Santa Rosa's history, but it's no longer really serving the community. So, together with the city, the project goals and objectives and why we're here today is, we'd like to reimagine Fremont Park through community participation. We hope to work to create a safe, inclusive and welcoming green space. We hope to enhance the park's beauty and celebrate its historic past. And we hope to improve park amenities infrastructure and most of all user experience. Next slide. So the project schedule. We are in the first phase, which is master plan and community engagement phase. We just got started in November. And so we're off to a fast start. We're in community meeting number one, which will be site analysis and polling polling, you'll see you'll take you'll be able to do twice in this meeting. And you'll be asked multiple choice questions, but we want to let you know and I'll remind you again in the end that if you have more comments, it's always, you're always open and we welcome comments on the city website should be shared with you at the end of this meeting. The city sent out over 900 invitations to this meeting so. And we're, I know that the principal Diaz we've been working with the middle school principal Diaz also these are helping us with outreach so we're super excited to talk to as many people as we can. So, part of this community meeting we're going to just record everything you tell us. And then at the next community meeting which will take place in spring of 2022. We'll present you three draft plans for the park, which will incorporate your favorite ideas from this first meeting. So, again, you'll get to see three ideas, and you'll get to vote on what your favorite one is. And finally at community meeting number three, well after the second meeting will record everything you tell us all your favorite parts, and then we'll distill that into one plan, and we'll present that in late spring of 2022. And let you again tell us what you love and what you hate, and, and we'll record all of the comments and get to work with the engineers in drawing plans to get this project built. So, according to our schedule, we're aiming for starting construction in summer of 2023. Next slide please. Okay, so we're just about to start our first set of polling questions. And these will be really easy. We'll ask you some really simple questions about your age etc. But one of the questions that we want to make sure that you, you have a clear idea of is, we're going to ask where in the city do you live. And that's really broken up by quadrant. So the Northwest quadrant is represented by number one on the map. It's north of highway 12 and west of 101. The Southwest quadrant is south of 12 and west of how I want 101. Northeast is number three, north of highway 12 and east of 101. And number four, finally, the south of highway 12 and east of highway 101. So, find out where you're where you live within that area so you'll be ready to answer the question that's just going to come to you in just a sec. Okay, I'll turn it over to Lisa. Nicole, all the poll questions are multiple choice. You must answer all the questions in order to submit your responses. The submit button is at the very end of the poll. You may need to scroll to the bottom of your screen to find it. If you are completing the poll on your smartphone, you must first answer the first question before you can answer the second question, etc. If you are participating in the meeting via a landline, you will not be able to participate in the poll at this time. However, the poll is posted on the project webpage through May 6. If you completed the poll, and it has been closed, the results will appear immediately. And Nicole will walk you through the results. We're ready to begin. And I think we have a correction to the data I don't think it's May 6. But I think Jen or Nicole you guys can give us the correct date on that sorry about that. Thank you. I believe we're at January 6 for that. Essentially, we're going to take it to the first possibly second week in January we'll see how many people are participating in that survey online. And you can also participate right now. So please feel free to click in there. You see the pop up on your screen. Remember to scroll down so you can select all the questions. And so it'll be a little bit silent for a minute while you're filling these questions out. But we can see the results live as soon as you're all done. In the first poll, you're going to choose your age. Less than 15 years, between 16 and 20 years, between 21 and 30, 31 and 50, 55, 75, and has an age of more than 75 years. The second poll is about where you live in the city. What part of the city does it live in? Maria, we don't need you to translate those questions. Thank you for that. We'll keep you listed as a panelist. And we currently have Pablo in the Spanish translation right now and we will do a break at six o'clock to swap the rules, but no need for you to translate those survey questions. Thank you, though. Thank you. All right, thanks for your patience, everyone. It does look like everyone has answered the poll questions. So we're going to go ahead and end the survey now and show those results. Okay, it looks like 24% of you are between the ages of 31 and 50. Just over half of you are between the ages of 51 and 75 and a quarter of you are over the ages. Okay, excuse me, Nicole, you ended up being muted there. Yes, I'm moving on to the next. Oops, I think I accidentally closed it. Is it possible to reopen it? No, it's not possible for me to populate it on your screen. I can go through really quickly. You can. Okay, great. Yeah, that's okay. Thank you for joining us off, Nicole. And so on question number two, where do you live in this city? It looks like 76% are in the Northeast Quadrant, which is the quadrant where the park is located. So that's great. We have a lot of folks who live around the area. And then we also have some from Northwest and Southeast Quadrants. And we asked you, how did you hear about the meeting? It looks like the city's e-newsletter was a popular way to learn about it, as well as it looks like word of mouth. That always works well for us. And we have some notifications at the park, social media banners, city website, et cetera, flyers that were helpful as well. And how often do you visit the city park number four? Every day, 33% of you visit every day, at least once a week. And once a month, the split between 29% and about 10% of you visit once a year. And then how long does it take for you to get to Fremont Park? Most of you put between zero and 10 minutes at 67%. And 10 to 20 minutes to get to the park was about 33% of respondents. So this was just a quick and easy poll. It gives us a lot of really valuable data when we move forward. But it's also a good starter. We'll have another poll for you, as Nicole mentioned, that gives we're going to ask for more responses about what type of amenities you want to see or what sort of changes you want to see. In the park. So we have a little bit more presentation and then we'll go through another poll a little bit later on. So I'm going to turn it back to Nicole. I'm sorry, Jen. Actually guys, at this time, I think it's a good time to transition Maria into the interpreter role. And again, as a friendly reminder, please just make sure that when you are speaking, that you are speaking at a slower pace so they can interpret everything that you're saying. So at this time we'll resume at 6.05. All right, great. Thanks. We'll take a little bit of break and switch out our interpreters and we'll be right back. All right, Nicole. Looks like we're. The interpreter's slot here and Maria is in on the Spanish channel so you will go ahead and let you take it back over and I will put it back on. Like 10 and you can just tell me when to advance the flight. Thank you. Okay. Next slide. We're going to dive a little bit deeper deeper into the park. So this map shows us the elements within the park and just really close by number one and Santa Rosa middle school just to cross fifth street. Number two is Santa Rosa church lines Hope Street to the east. Number three is future residents. If you've driven down four street recently you've probably seen the construction of the multifamily housing that's going in, which we're really excited about again hoping that that will draw families into the park. Number four is surface parking on both fourth street and and Hope Street, and then we have parallel parking on on Fifth Street. We have existing crosswalks already at the two main corners. We'll talk about some of the planting elements that the key planting elements within the park number six at the corner is some saucer flowering saucer magnolias, which will show photos of and shorten seven. Right under that we're under those magnolias by the way is where the memorials the rock is this commemorating the purchase of the land. Number seven is the original central paving layout. Originally the park was designed to have brick paving, but that eventually became a maintenance issue and it's been updated to asphalt throughout the park but that central yellow portion that you see on the map is is really the main, the main focus of the park and where most of the elements are. The cancer, such as the cancer survivor arts installation that's seen in number eight and the red band in the center. That's located within these two, the two hedges on either side. Number nine is indicated by those white dashes and those are positive mental attitude packs plaques which will share photo with later. That is also part of the cancer survivor art installation. Number 10 is the formal you hedge planting you is a type of very dense evergreen hedge. So these particular ones were planted back in 1926, and they're huge and massive today and a little bit problematic and we'll talk about those in a minute. Number 11 are the original arbor, the trellises were part of the original design. And those are on either side of the water feature, the fountain which is number 12. Number 13 is a majestic walnut tree that we just love. We actually had an arborist come out and take a look at all the trees a couple weeks ago and they said, because there were no leaves on the tree they couldn't tell there was a walnut or a butternut tree, which you might be familiar with but is more commonly found on the east coast, but if it is a butternut tree will be the largest in California so we are just waiting till spring so we can correctly identify it. And 14 finally is along that Western boundary you have just some beautiful specimen redwood trees. And I can't do a show of hands right now but really I'm guessing that many of you know this park as the Cancer Survivor Park and not Fremont Park. The most notable thing elemental on Fifth Street is the sign that you'll see in the top top left. In the central part that we just showed it when I showed you the map is the Cancer Survivor art installation that you can see in the top right on either side of that installation are the use the hedges that's really form a wall defining that central space. You can define that central space but they also divide the park and that's one of the issues that we see with them in the lower left you'll see how that wall is on the left hand side of the photo. And then you have the open park to to the right but the park is divided into three spaces really to the left and right of the hedge and then the central and then the central part with the art installation. So one of the impressions that we love is the trees. This lower left, excuse me lower right photo is just all the trees layered on top of each other there's redwoods and oaks, and my mullies and just really numerous trees that really add to the seasonal character of the park, they provide shade, and they are just beautiful. So, that's one of our really favorite parts about this site. Here's again some of the beautiful existing trees, likely installed back in the 20s we have some. These photos are taken once winter had already started so they're a little, they're dropping their leaves and fall but there's some magnolias on the left hand side and then a beautiful oak tree along that western boundary between the redwoods. Next slide. Again the redwoods. They really are tall and beautiful and just great to be underneath the, the, you just feel so protected underneath there and just in all the trunks and the size of the tree so we're excited to, to have those existing in the park. Next slide. Some of the more problematic species in the park. I've already talked about the use the hedges in the center and that's on the right side. It's really the walls that they create are creating problems with site visibility and safety. Someone could be just on the other side of these use and you could be on the other side and not see them and that's really something that we're concerned about and you think is an issue. The second set of trees is the magnolias that are on the corner of hope and forth, and that's on the left hand side. Right now in winter, there's no leaves on this tree and they you can see right through them but come spring and summer, when they leave out you really it's hard to see into the park from that corner. And again that were concerned about site visibility and screening and safety. Some of the original elements closer look at the trellis and arbors that were installed on either side of the water feature. They've been painted and the wood has been replaced over the years, but they, they to create a bit of an issue with screening and visibility. Although they are right now they have a steer growing on the top and they're, they're pretty lovely but they do create a problem with sightlining visibility. Next slide. And the water feature. The water feature this photo was taken in summer. I think if you go now you might find some more water in the pond but typically it's not functioning and it's, it's really charming and you can see the really cool light fixtures throughout the park on the left hand side. And both of these are charming and but they are really no longer becoming unused and a bit problematic for maintenance. Next slide. This is a close up of the art that was installed as part of the cancer survivor Park Plaza. And it's really it's a metaphor, it's a metaphorical representation of cancer survivor so the cancer survivors are coming through this this tunnel of the arches that you can see. And it's about like the happiness and the feeling that you get once you've gone through this difficult period. And the plaques that I mentioned earlier can be seen in the right hand photo. There's several of these tucked into the you the shrubs. I'm talking about positive positivity and remaining, having a positive attitude, when you're going through a difficult time. So, these are really a beautiful metaphor and a part of the park that's been there again since 2000. But since they are as we described in the, in the center of the park we just will ask you a question later if perhaps there's might be, if you might might be open to relocating them within the park or to another park within the city. That's just something we're considering as we think about all the ways we might want to reinvent and reimagine this three month park. Next slide. So, now we're going to talk. We're now we're going to start dreaming about what Fremont Park could be those were all the elements that it is today. And what we really want to hear from you to now is, what can it be in the future. So, where I'm going to walk you through the questions that you will be asked shortly. And so that you can have, so you can be prepared for answering and kind of get a visual to go along with what we're thinking these elements might be. Number one is an easy one it's what is the primary reason you visit Fremont Park now. Next slide. The second question will be which features would make Fremont a great park and you can pick three every. Are you looking for playgrounds. And are you looking for open lawns for picnicking. Or do you like the idea of community gardens. Are you looking for activating the park with sports fields or sports courts.  Are you looking for seating areas for maybe you can so you can walk and eat your lunch in the park. Would you be interested in public art. Or pollinator gardens. Or walking paths. And lastly, none of the above or other. And really when you say none of the above or other, you won't be able to fill in the blank here but again, you can go to the city website and tell us your ideas there. Next slide. Okay, what kind of play features would you like to see. Climbing features. Natural play. A sandpit. Play mounds. Or more standard play equipment like swings and slides. And lastly, would you like to see game tables like chess or anything like that. Or gee, none of the above you prefer not to have any play features in the park. Next slide. The next question will be about sports features. And you can pick two I believe what sports features would you like to see a skate park ping pong or chess tables. Pick a ball or tennis basketball, even half court or full court, half court, it's a little bit smaller and doesn't take up as much space. And that's the athletic equipment. And F will be no sports features you prefer they're not to be in the sports features. Next slide. Okay, and lastly you'll be asked how you feel about relocating the cancer memorial, either within the park, or to a different part. We're not quite sure we're just listening to everyone and seeing what what what the most people feel. Do you strongly agree that relocating it is a good idea. You agree, you have no preference. You disagree you don't want it moved, are you strongly disagree, or the last is F, you just don't know, you need more information. Okay, next slide. So now we'll go ahead and start the polling. We have a little bit over half of the people that have responded so we will let me know if they've completed. I promise not to close it this time. All right, Nicole, it looks like we have wrapped up on our end so we will go ahead and share those survey results and turn it back over to you to discuss those. Okay. So what is the primary reason you visit Bremont Park now. We have 10% of people saying for a drop off or pick up with your student at Santa Rosa Middle School. We have 10% saying they do come here to walk their dog. We have 38% saying they come to enjoy nature. 10% to enjoy the art. 14% says, I say to come to enjoy the water feature. 30% or just about 30% of us 29 come for your lunch break. 19% of you come to socialize and 33% said none of the above. Question to which features would make Fremont Park. A great place would make Fremont a great park. Okay, so that's our answer to three. Play elements got 43%. Open lawns got 38%. Community gardens only got 10%. Sportsfield or sports courts got 24%. A dog park only got 5%. Seeding areas scored high. Public art is 33. Gardens, pollinator gardens, 52%. Walking paths, 57%. And there were no menopause. Question three, what type of play features would you like to see? Climbing features got 29%. Nature play got 33%. Sand areas got 10%. Play mounds 14%. More standard play equipment got 24%. Game tables scored really high with 52%. That was the highest score. None of the above was 19%. Question four, which sports features would you like to see? Escape park got 10%. Ping pong or chess tables got 38%. Pickleball or tennis got 19%. No one wants basketball. Well, that will be easy. Athletic equipment got 14%. But half of you, almost half of you said you don't want any sports features. So that is really, really good to know. Relocating the Cancer Survivor Memorial within the park or to another park in downtown is a good idea. These 52% strongly agree with relocating it. 29%, so they simply agree. There was no one had no preference. We had 5% saying they disagree with moving it. Another 5% saying strongly disagree. And then 14% saying they need more information. Thank you again for taking the poll. That was, we will together with all the answers we received here in the online survey. We'll take these all into consideration in the coming days ahead as we start thinking about the new design for the park. At this point, we're going to open it up to question and answer period. And again, we are really hoping to hear what you would like to see in the design. Some, what are your ideas for making the park a success? What are your ideas? You know, what are your, we were just waiting to hear what you, if you've been walking by the, and thinking this park would be so great if it had this. We'd love to hear that. And if you have any additional questions for us, feel free to ask those as well. And I think we'll go ahead and get started by raising your hand if you have a comment or question. We can just also go to the next slide, please, or Q and A. Yes, next slide. And if you wish to make a comment via Zoom, please raise your hand. If you're dialing in via telephone, please style star nine to raise your hand. And I'm going to ask the host to go over a little bit more details on how to participate in question and answers. We'll turn it back to the host. Thank you, Jen. A countdown timer will appear for the convenience of the speaker and viewers. The first speaker will be acknowledged and invited to speak. Please make sure to unmute yourself when you are invited to do so. Your microphone will be muted at the end of that countdown or at the conclusion of your comment. If you are participating in the meeting from the Spanish channel in Zoom, we have an interpreter on standby in the English channel to assist during your public comment. If you wish to ask a question or provide input, please be sure to pause throughout your comments to allow for interpretation. Those using interpreter support will be afforded additional time for your comments. For Spanish speakers, at the time you hear your name called, turn off the Spanish channel to make your public comment. The icon may now look like a circle with an E-S in the middle and the word Spanish underneath. Thank you, Shelley. So I'm going to turn it back to our host to call on our first folks. It looks like we have some hands raised. Turn it back to our hosts. Thank you. Our first speaker. The name on it is home. I'm going to invite you to speak and you will have three minutes. Hello. Are you hearing me? Yes, we can hear you. Go ahead. Thank you. I just wanted to make a couple of comments. One comment is that I very much like the park open. Without a lot of features, I feel, and the poll pretty much showed that many people go there to simply enjoy the peace of the park, to eat their lunch, see a little greenery. My other comment concerns the cancer survivors monument. And I know you gave us the choice of either relocating that monument to the park, to that park or to another park in town. I very much feel that that monument should be relocated to the corporate yard. And it should be taken out of the park and not placed in another park. I find it to be a really creepy sculpture. And I don't wish to offend anybody. But I think that that should simply be removed. And that is all I have to say. Thank you very much for your comment. Thank you. Our next speaker will be Cappy. Cappy, you'll be asked to unmute it. You'll be followed by Bonnie. Hi, I'm Cappy. And I live in the historic district that is like two blocks away from the park. This park is an historically designed park by a well, you know, renowned landscape architect. I think the actual footprint of the design of the park is excellent. I think that the city needs to maintain the park. The fountain obviously needs maintaining and probably could run when we're not having a drought. I don't understand the conundrum with the U hedges as I, I've had, I have a U hedge and you can take them down or I had, I no longer have a U hedge and you can take it down. I sold my house. You can take it down and make it almost any size you want there. They will grow back and they just need to be maintained. I don't know if you think we need sight lines through the park. I think that's important so that we don't get homeless there. And I like the fact that people from the downtown and from the surrounding neighborhoods can walk to the park, sit and have lunch and be in a quiet, calm green space in the middle of town. Thank you. I just want to take a quick moment. Do we need to switch interpreters? Is this a good time to do that? Yes. We will go ahead and take a five minute recess. To get those interpreters walked out and resume. At let's say 637. All right, Nicole, it looks like we have walked the rules here and we are going to go ahead and just proceed with public comment. Thank you. And folks will start calling on those names again. Hi, Bonnie, we had you next. I'm going to allow you to talk if you don't have anything to say. Hi. I just really, I just agree with Cappy. And I agree with the gentleman who said that the cancer skull should be. Bonnie, if you could just hold on for a second. There we go. It looks like we needed to get our interpreter muted. You want to go ahead and start again. Oh, okay. Sorry about that. That's okay. I do agree with Cappy that some of the design elements should remain. But, but I love the idea of open calm space. And I agree with the gentleman who thinks that the cancer sculpture should be removed. Thank you. Thank you for your comment. Thank you. Our next speaker is going to be last four digits. 1918. 1918. Last four digits, your phone number. Did you, did you wish to speak? Oh, I'm sorry. That's my wife's phone number. This is our computer. So I didn't recognize it. Yes. This is Bill. And I just like to say that I consider. Fremont Park to really be one of the city's prime historic spots. Because of the beauty of the park, the historic architecture, landscape architecture. The fact that it was designed by Howard Gilkey, who in the 20s was extremely well known. And then the WP helped build the place. And even the cancer survivors aspect of it. So when that went in, that was heavily supported by people who were survivors of cancer. So I think the historic aspect of the park is critical. And should be emphasized. They also think the plantings are critical and should be emphasized and improved. For example, the use could be pruned up and narrow. They were done many years ago that way. And they would let to get too big. Magnolias at the corner. Could easily be pruned up so you can look under them. So I don't see that as a big issue at all. I think a small playground in that area, particularly as the neighborhood has more children into it would be appropriate. I would like to see somebody probably like at the Southwest corner. Carefully fit in very small. Maybe in the order of the playground that's at. At Julliard Park with some climbing elements and such, but very kind of a low key. And. Okay. It's about all I had to say. Thank you. Thank you so much. Thank you for your comments. Carol, we're going to have you talk next and followed by Judy. Hi, thank you very much. I'm thrilled that you have the original maps. I'm wondering if they could be posted for all of our education and enrichment. And because you have the original maps, I'm wondering if you could call out which of the plantings and elements are original. And if the park is from the 1920s, that makes it about a hundred years old. I don't think those redwood trees are about a hundred years old. And because you do this for a living, I bet you could date those redwoods for when they went in. Word has it that redwood trees by nature don't actually belong in the Santa Rosa plane. So, I was wondering if you could talk a little bit about the fountains. Several years ago, a number of them were taken out of the courthouse square. Also, I would love to know which of the older trees are healthy as opposed to. Disease. So perhaps some of the trees such as the use as other people have mentioned could be pruned. And preserved because of their historic nature. And that was from the WPA era. And that was in the 19th century. The Balsalt and its historic nature. Bill mentioned that it was from the WPA era. I'm wondering if the basalt. That the bricks are made of were quarried locally, which would give it additional. Historic value. And last, but not least, I'm wondering if modern playground design. types that are rather classical in nature. I know older playgrounds have a tendency to be more dangerous, but I'm wondering if the playground element, if that goes in, could blend in with the more historic nature of the park, with Juilliard Park and Fremont Park being the two downtown, perhaps not classified as historic parks, but definitely historic in nature. And I look forward to some answers. Thank you. Thank you for your questions, Carol. So we just had, as I mentioned, we actually just had a arborist review all of the trees on site. The redwoods were shown on the original plan, as was a buckeye that is planted within those redwoods. There are several that, I think if you know trees, there's a cedar that's existing, that's a beautiful, beautiful specimen. And then some of the crepe myrtles as well. There was a lot of planting along that western boundary that were more like shrubs that are no longer there. But the redwoods and again the cedars and the ewes, crepe myrtles, if you know your trees and you can go out there and see them. There are some trees that are unhealthy and some that require a little bit of work or attention to bring them back to life. Some of the redwoods, she knew we were told a couple of the redwoods really need a little need irrigation or water, I'd say with a bit thirsty, but other than that are fairly healthy. The original map, I'm not sure if we can post it, it's a little hard to read. It was drawn by hand and then blueprinted, but it is a lovely document. And to be honest, the footprint of the park that you see today in the asphalt paths largely is exactly what was initially installed back in 1926. As far as the stone and the quarry, I'm not quite sure, I don't know if we have that kind of information, but we can look into that. And then lastly, as far as the playgrounds go, there are, unfortunately, when I think about classical design and the types of playgrounds that I grew up with that would probably be a good fit, they're constructed of wood and would be more natural and paid perhaps more in the line you're thinking more classical, but there's many, many ways of doing it. And so we will definitely, if the historic features are really desired to maintain and whatever we install will be mindful of that in style and in design and in location and placement. So thank you for your comment. And if I could, Nicole, I'd like to add on top of that. I thought that comment about the playground equipment was really insightful because this historic fabric creates kind of a soulful quality for the park that we find interesting. So a good point about not letting playground equipment of a modern look become a too dominant of appearance because it would potentially conflict with the historic nature of the park. So thank you for your comment. And I'll just add on top of that that we can definitely post the original plan online. If people are interested in that, it is very hard to read, but we'll post it. Thank you. We'd like to just remind everybody to slow your comments just a bit so the interpreters can keep up. Thank you. Our next speaker will be Judy. Judy, I'm going to unmute you. Go ahead, Judy. Hi. I have two comments.  They take your breath away, so I don't want to see that little grouping disappear. I know that you can prune magnolias so that you can have an open aspect. Number two is I have been involved in creating and exploring public art for a long time. The cancer, and I resent that this cancer survivors park installation is referred to as art. Number one, there are 25 installations exactly like it all over the United States and Canada. The Brock family has some kind of a situation where they will put the installation in place if the citizens or the city come up with the money. Unfortunately, at the time that this was being considered to be put in a public park, the art in public places committee had no artists on it. I think they made a big mistake by accepting this as art. It is not unique. It is not interesting. Something that is a copy of 24 other replicas is not art. Most of the ones in the United States and Canada are situated at hospital gardens and cancer centers. I would suggest that we might be able to repurpose this to one of the local hospitals or a cancer center in the area. Thank you very much. Our next speaker will be Richard followed by Michael. Go ahead, Richard. Hello. My name is Richard Bell. I am part of a group of people that are trying to get Petanque courts put in a park in Santa Rosa. In many ways, this park would be perfect for them. Even if they may run afoul on some other ideas for other people. The main comment I would like to make is that I think this should become more of an urban park in that it should be a park that has lots of different uses in lots of small spaces for as many people as possible.  Because as I see it, everybody likes the idea of this park being so classic and old. But I've walked through that park hundreds of times and I don't see people using it much, except for the people who are there because they have no place else to live. And if we want to make the park into something that's really got it going to be used, we need to develop it in such a way that it provides something to do for people of all different ages and activities. Thank you, that's all. Thank you, Richard. Thank you very much for your comments. All right, Michael, go ahead. Yeah, I can hear me. Yes, we can. Thank you. Yeah, I'd like to do a tail on what Richard said. I really strongly agree with multi-use to have it very inviting for all types of folks. And I'd like to see it open. I think that will help in terms of security and safety. Right now it's very difficult to imagine middle school kids hanging out there. I walk downtown every morning with my dog from between 9 to 11.  And in that regard, I'd like to see when you choose plants, choose more native plants. We're moving into a different era of climate change and scarcity of water. So I'd like to see more native plants that are drought tolerant. I'd like to see more permeable surfaces, like the asphalt walkways removed. There are plenty of great permeable structures and surfaces now that will allow the water to slow and sink in the ground. So you recharge the underground aquifers and that would really help with the depth of the roots of the redwood trees. And in terms of the water fountain, I have mixed feelings about that. I think, you know, you need to move the water if you're going to have it. So maintenance is an issue I know about three times a week as I walk downtown, I take a bag and pick up stuff, trash as we're walking along. And I can't tell you the number of times that I've picked food and all sorts of items out of the fountain. And it's just really, I can see in my mind, a maintenance issue, although I love flowing water. So it's complicated and I have mixed feelings about that. I think that's all I want to say and I really applaud you for really starting the conversation. We need more parks in the city, more usable parks, so we could beautify Santa Rosa. Thanks a lot. Thank you, Michael. We now have Katelyn. Katelyn, I'm going to go ahead and unmute you. Go ahead. Can you hear us? Katelyn? Would you like to speak? Katelyn, I believe you're muted. Katelyn, you accept the unmute? Okay, I think we lost Katelyn. If she comes back on, I'll let you know. But at this time, we have no other speakers. All right, great. If you do want to speak, just let us know. We can always add you in if you have a comment. But let's go ahead and go to our next slide, please. And so Nicole, did you want to go over these two next meetings for us? Sure. Sure. So thank you again. We heard really, really thoughtful, wonderful comments.  These are just really, really, really, really wonderful comments that we're going to take and recording them all, like I mentioned earlier. And we're going to come up with three conceptual master plans. So we're going to take all of the comments. I believe Jen said we have until January. Is that right? To the beginning of January? So if you have any friends who missed this meeting or you think would benefit from taking the survey, it would sure be a benefit to us. So please pass the email, sorry, the website that we're about to share with you to anyone who might be interested. We're going to take and record all of that, those survey responses and create three conceptual master plans, three landscape design plans. And next meeting in February of 2022, we'll let you vote on your favorite option. At that time, you'll also be able to comment similar to today. And then following in April and in spring, we'll have one plan that will take in all of the comments up to date and kind of coalesce into the preferred master plan. And again, you'll have a third time to two comments. And that again is in April of next year. Next slide. So to close, here is the information and the survey and more information about this park and always be found at the city website, srcity.org slash park projects. And then for questions, you can email Jen, Jen Santos, who's the deputy director of parks. And this is her email and phone number. And with that, I would just like to again lend our sincere appreciation and I'll pass it over to Jen for closing. Thanks so much, Nicole, really appreciate. And I also agree, really great questions, great feedback. We really appreciate your time tonight, especially during the holidays. It's got to be really hard to listen to a long community, you know, meeting about Fremont, but it's so important and we're so happy you're here with us. And like Nicole said, this is definitely not the only time you can provide your input. If any of your friends, neighbors, et cetera, anybody from the Santa Rosa Middle School would like to participate. We have an online survey. It's exactly the same as the one you took tonight, but it does allow for more open ended responses if you'd like to do that. And that'll be open. We'll keep an eye on it until either the first or second week in January, as soon as we've got a lot, quite a bit of responses from that. And again, just wanted to thank you all, really appreciate it. And you have my phone number or you can always call Recreation of Parks. They'll connect you to me if you have any additional follow-up questions or would like any further clarification. And thanks again for attending and we'll see you in February. Thanks and have a good night.


This is the Dalhousie Health Law Institute's Health Law Primer's Electronic Modules series. This is the second part of the E-Module on an overview of the Canadian legal system. The first part covers four sources of law. This second part will address a few areas of law that you may encounter in the practice of medicine. This is only a basic introduction. Some of the most pertinent topics will be addressed in separate full modules in this series by other instructors. My name is Jonathan Shapiro, and I'm an instructor at the Schulich School of Law at Dalhousie University. My e-mail and telephone number are provided. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions about the content of the module. In this second module, we will cover four areas or types of law. First, contract law, covering the making of agreements. Second, tort law, which deals with acts that cause injuries. Third, criminal law, which deals with the punishment of wrongful acts. And lastly, administrative law, which is about the rules made by administrative bodies. We'll begin with contract law. Contract law is the law governing binding promises between people. A contract is an agreement between two or more parties, usually for provision of goods or services, in exchange for money, though contracts are not limited in this way, and can cover almost any conceivable topic in exchange. Contract law is governed by the common law, which was discussed in Part 1 of this module series. This means that the rules about how a contract is formed and performed have mostly been created by judges over hundreds of years of dealing with contractual disputes. While contract law can be quite complex, at a basic level there are three elements that form a contract. First, one party must extend an offer, usually to provide their goods or services, and the terms of the offer. For example, would you like to buy my car for $10,000? Then, the other party must accept the offer. When the offer is accepted, a contract is formed. Lastly, the contract must be supported by consideration, which is something of value for each side. In the example above, one side gets $10,000, and the other side gets a car. In the daily practice of medicine, you may see contracts that govern the intake of clients into your medical practice or hospital, agreements that perform specialist medical services, such as in a urology or cosmetic surgery practice, or even the employment agreement between a doctor and a hospital. The next area of law we will discuss is tort law. Like contract law, tort law is defined primarily by the common law rather than by statutes. A tort is a wrongful act that causes an injury to another party. One classic example is the one shown here, a car accident where a driver is going too fast and fails to see a pedestrian. Tort law is primarily an area of private law, which means it is between two private, mostly individual parties. The person who is injured ensues, called the plaintiff, and the person who committed the injurious act, called the defendant. Mostly what is at stake in a tort case is damages, known in everyday language as money. We'll briefly outline two types of torts. First, intentional torts, and then negligence, which in the medical context is, as I'm sure you know, often called malpractice. An intentional tort is when one person does something deliberately which causes harm to another person, or that they mean to cause injury to another person. A good example of this type of conduct is the tort of battery. A battery is the intentional interference with the body of another person, not this, but this. The courts have set out four requirements, which is that the conduct must be direct, meaning aimed at the victim, intentional, meaning deliberate, must involve physical contact, and must be harmful or offensive to the reasonable person. An example in the medical context, which I briefly mentioned in the first part of this module series, would be touching a patient without consent, such as administering an examination or an injection without patient permission. Some other intentional torts include assault, which is threatening someone, false imprisonment, which is limiting someone's freedom of movement, and intentional infliction of mental suffering, which is harassing someone. The second branch of torts is negligence. This is by far the most common tort encountered in society. Unlike intentional torts, where one party has to do something intentionally harmful, negligence occurs where one party doesn't mean to cause harm, but acts without taking proper care, such as driving too fast or failing to maintain your brakes. In the medical context, negligence is called malpractice, where a doctor fails to act as a reasonable doctor would in carrying out his or her duties. It's such an important topic that you will have a whole module on it provided in the series by Professor Matthew Herter. Some basic examples of medical malpractice include failing to ascertain if a patient is allergic to a medication or taking other medications before prescribing one, leaving a surgical implement in a patient after an operation, or performing a medical procedure when impaired by alcohol or drugs. Further detail will be provided by Professor Herter. The next area of law is the criminal law. Unlike both contract and tort law, criminal law is primarily governed by statutes. Mostly that is the criminal code of Canada, but there are other crimes in acts like the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, which deals with illegal drugs, or the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, which deals with human smuggling, for example. Criminal law covers a situation where a person commits a wrongful act that is punishable by law. Where tort and contract law are private, criminal law is public. That is, the people involved are not both private citizens. The alleged wrongdoers are private citizens, called the accused, but the other party is the state, often called the crown, who acts in the public interest. What is at stake is not money, but the liberty of the accused. While we're discussing it here for informational purposes, you should know that criminal law only punishes the very worst behavior, and it is extremely rare for any but the most egregious acts to proceed by way of a criminal charge. Almost all medical cases in the courts proceed by way of tort law. Here, I outline some important differences between criminal law and the law of tort or contracts. In criminal law, there was a higher burden of proof. You may be familiar with it from television, which is proof beyond a reasonable doubt. In tort and contract cases, proof of a fact need only be more likely than not, sometimes called a balance of probabilities. Also, in criminal law, because the accused's liberty is at stake, the crown must prove everything about the crime. In tort or contracts, sometimes the defending side is required to prove things. Here are a few sections of the criminal code that create crimes which might arise in medical practice. First, section 216 of the code creates a duty on a person who performs a life-endangering medical treatment to use reasonable knowledge, skill, and care. Failure to do so can, in very extreme cases, constitute criminal negligence under section 219 of the code. It would only be in the most gross cases of negligence that the matter would be criminal rather than handled privately as a tort. Section 241 of the code makes it an offense to counsel someone to commit suicide or to aid in the commission of suicide. This may arise for doctors in the context of end-of-life treatment, and will be discussed in much greater detail in the module at end-of-life law in this series, delivered by Professor Jocelyn Downey. Just as performing an examination or administering a treatment without consent can constitute a tort of battery, discussed previously, in extreme cases it can also constitute the crime of assault under section 265 of the code. Again, it is only in the most serious and egregious cases that criminal law will be engaged. The vast majority of medical wrongdoing is dealt with by way of tort law. The final area of law worth outlining here is administrative law. In the first part of this module, I describe what an administrative body is and how it gets created, but not a lot of detail about what it does or how you might encounter it. Like criminal law, administrative law is primarily governed by statute law, usually the parent statute of the administrative body. There are important common law rules about how a decision from an administrative body is challenged, but for our purposes, the rules from the body itself are mostly statute-driven. This area of law is also public. The people the body regulates might be private citizens, such as individual doctors, but the body gets its power from the state through the enabling statute and acts in the public interest in its dealings. Parent statutes authorize bodies to do all sorts of things, such as conduct discipline or other sorts of hearings, create rules and guidelines for certain actions, and keep records or require registration. And that is just to name a few. As a closing example, let's look at the most important administrative body to you, the Nova Scotia College of Physicians and Surgeons. There will be much greater detail in the college provided in the module in this series on the regulation of the profession of medicine provided by Professor Herter. This is purely a basic introduction. The college is created by its enabling statute, the Medical Act. The Medical Act of Nova Scotia authorizes the college to create all sorts of rules about governing the practice of medicine in Nova Scotia. For example, the college can issue licenses to practice medicine under Section 5 of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Registration Regulations, conduct investigations, and if necessary, hold discipline hearings under Sections 58 to 66 of the Medical Act. The college can pass guidelines on prescribing medication and record keeping, and it has done so. These policies can be found on the college's website, and much, much more. That concludes the two-part opening module on the overview of the Canadian legal system. I hope that it introduced you to some of the key concepts you will see in the remainder of this series of modules. Thank you for your attention. If you have any questions about any of the material I covered, please feel free to contact me. My phone number and email are provided here. As before, please note that this module is not intended as legal advice and is for educational purposes only. Development of this module was made possible by the generous support of Dalhousie University's Health Law Institute.


once again welcome you all to MSP lecture series on interpretive spectroscopy. So now we are discussing about IR spectroscopy. While it is not necessary to remember all of the peaks for each functional group, learning a few key characteristics will be enough to answer 99 percent of all IR related questions. I showed you a few IR spectra in my last lecture. If you just look into it, you can identify certainly functional groups presence, and also the fingerprint region. So fingerprint region would not really tell you much information, except for the fact that that can be compared with the known samples pure spectrum. But if you want to see whether you have performed some reaction and product have changed to something else, that information would come only when you focus your attention to functional groups. And then that's good enough to answer 99 percent of all IR related questions. For example, if you have a formaldehyde spectrum is that I will show it is not there. One can see that there are few different possible ways that bonds can behave, which leads to many different peaks. So I would come back to that one again before that let's look into the all kinds here. In case of all kinds, we look into aliphatic hydrocarbons and also we look into cyclohexane. Now we shall look into all kinds here. Here in this case, the stretch would come around CH around 33, 10 centimeter minus 1. And alkyl CH stretch would come around 28, 57 to 29, 41 centimeter minus 1. And C triple bond C stretch would be around 2, 1, 1, 9 centimeter minus 1. Then when you look into CH bend, which is attached to a triple bond, the war tone will be around 12, 50 centimeter minus 1. And then CH bend, fundamental vibration would appear at 6, 30 centimeter minus 1. Strong and broad absorptions around 700 to 6, 110. And war tones in the range of 13, 70 to 12, 20 centimeter minus 1 are characteristic of all kinds. If you have an alkanic group, you should focus your attention to this range. In case of aromatic hydrocarbons, CH stretch would appear around 3,008 centimeter minus 1. And CH 3, CH stretch would be around 28, 50 to 29, 40. And then war tone or combination bands would be in the range of 2000 to 16, 67 centimeter minus 1. And C double bond C present in the ring would be having stretching frequency around 16, 0, 5. And also 14, 95 and 14, 66 centimeter minus 1. In-plane CH bend would be 1, 0, 5, 2 and 1, 0, 2, 2 centimeter minus 1. And out-of-plane CH aromatic bend would be around 7, 41 centimeter minus 1. And out-of-plane C double bond C bend would be 4, 38 centimeter minus 1. So these are the few things for your information. There's no need to remember all those things. So now what would happen if you have halogen bonds are there? So carbon to halogen bonds such as carbon to fluorine, carbon to chlorine, carbon to bromine. In that case, what happens? CH stage would be in the range of 1110 to 1350 centimeter minus 1. Whereas CCL bond stage would be 550 to 8,500 centimeter minus 1. 850 centimeter minus 1, not 8,500. And then CBR stage would be 550 to 690 centimeter minus 1. The strong CH to wagging bond for CH to X will be around 1150 to 1300 centimeter minus 1. So these are the important regions as far as CX bond where X is a halogen is concerned. The spectrum of propanamide is given here. And you can identify NH stretching vibration is around 3,500 to 3,200 centimeter minus 1. And also we have a carbonyl group. So it comes around 1650 to 1690 centimeter minus 1. In the same region, NH and CN combined vibrations also come, 1590 to 1650 centimeter minus 1. And then CH vibration, one can identify here. And then this 1500, if you take 1500 to this range, this is called fingerprint region. Then let us look into the structure of anizole now. So anizole is methaxybenzene. Its molecular formula is C7H8O. Anizole has 5 ESP to CH links. So here 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ESP to CH links are there. And they have between 2960 to 2838 centimeter minus 1. And 3 C double bond C aromatic linkages are there between 1600 to 1500 centimeter minus 1. And 1 CO linkage is there here at 1249 centimeter minus 1. And 1 aliphatic CO bond, this one, this aliphatic CO bond is at 1100 centimeter minus 1. And also 3 ESP3 CH linkages here. So these are the bonds you can anticipate some bands in IR spectrum. So now we should look for the associated frequencies in its IR spectrum for its identification. So now we have identified from the prior information we have about the different searching frequencies and other things. And we have identified whether we have ESP, ESP3, ESP3 carbon is there. And when we look into spectrum, we can see whether all these things are there or not. So 2960 to 2988. So we have here. And then 3 C double bond C around 1600 to 1500 we have here. And then CO linkages at 1249. So here 1249 it should come here. And then 3 ESP3 CH linkages. The CO bonds have two pinnacles you can see here. One because of the asymmetrical COC at 1250. So 1250 somewhere here this is. And the other at 1040, this is the one, this is the one 1040. Because of symmetrical stretch, asymmetric bending is stronger since the double bond character increases due to the resonance. The double bond feature gives increased bonding strength and improves the elongation frequency. So this is the spectrum of any sort. Whatever the bands we identified from prior knowledge could be seen here with little or no difference. So now IR spectroscopy typically has a spectrum reading organized as shown below. So we didn't discuss about those things. For example, say transmittance versus the frequency in wave numbers. So if you just consider this one. This spectrum is for formaldehyde and is typical of most infrared spectra. IR readings are inverted compared with UV visible spectra. Thus a sample that did not absorb at all would record a horizontal line at 100% transmittance while one that absorbs a significant amount would be towards the bottom. So this is in contrast to the spectrum that is recorded and plotted in case of UV visible or NMR. The advantage is, as it is clearly mentioned, the horizontal line at 100% transmittance shows there's no absorption at all. But only wherever absorption is there, that will be coming towards the bottom. Each peak dips on the graph represent various bond characteristics and because most functional groups have specific bonds, they can be identified due to this reason. A typical IR spectrum will be plotted like transmittance versus frequency. Or, you see, one can look like this, then this will be absorbance. So this would look rather odd. That's the reason the convenient ways to plot in the other way I showed. So something like this. So the absorption spectrum here, the complexity of infrared spectra in the range 1450 to 600 centimeter minus 1, makes it difficult to assign all the absorption bands. And because of the unique pattern, it is often called the fingerprint region. That's what I told you in my earlier lecture. It is not necessary to remember any peak in this region as they do not help you determine any significant functional groups. This is only to identify, yes, this pattern is there or something is there. Yes, fingerprint region. There's no need to worry about interpreting all the bands. It is a little bit more complex and it's unnecessary. Absorption bands in the region, 4,000 to 1450 region are usually due to stretching vibrations of diatomic units and this is sometimes called the group frequency region. This is also quite important. In the IR spectrum shown below, so here, focus on 3750 areas. There is a sharp peak at 700 here. This corresponds to a CO group and it is most likely a ketone or an aldehyde. So that means you see here, you should be able to think that this has to be due to a ketone or an aldehyde and if you see double bond O is there. No broad or sharp groups above 3000 mark. So that means there is no OH or NH. Why we decided it's ketone or aldehyde is because no OH group is there. So carbide acid is ruled out. So there is a sharp peak just below 3000 maybe due to CH, CH2 under CH3 bonds but it could also be part of aldehyde CH bond. So that means it gives you some idea about the what type of molecule this IR is representing. If the choices are between 2-meter cyclobutanol, 3-meter butanol and 2-chloropentonic acid, certainly it should be clear to recognize that this is only due to 3-meter 2-butanol has both necessary CO bond and there is no OH bond at all. So that means when you have option of identifying the spectrum with 3 or more choice by simply analyzing we should be able to arrive at the right kind of molecule this IR spectrum is representing. So now I have given little bit elaborated and extensive table here for different groups and also the range in which absorption bands are seen and also what kind of assignments and comments can be given for those things. When you look into BOH the range is 3300 to 3200. It is sharp, strong, broad band due to OH states, OH states here. When we have BH or BH2 it appears around 2650 to 2350 sharp a doublet for BH2 here and then also we can see 1200 to 1150 medium strong or 1980 to 920 medium and again 1430 medium strong. So they are respectively assigned to BH2 deformation of BH, BH2 wag and benzene ring vibration. That means if there is a benzene ring is there and then if we look into BN it shows the band in the region of 1460 to 1330 very strong stretch borosins and aminoborans. If you have borosins and aminoborans possibly you can identify using this range and BO 1380 to 1310 very, very strong. This is a stretch boronates and boronic acids and then if you have CBC 1280 to 1250 and anti-symmetric stretch we can identify. Similarly if you look into silicon compounds if you have silicon hydroxide SiOH bond we can see in the range 3700 to 3200 and OH stretch this is very similar to what we come across in case of alcohols or OH and then if you have SiH or SiH2 or SiH3 that means primary saline secondary saline or tertiary saline primary saline tertiary saline or tertiary saline is not there here yes tertiary saline is the SiH, SiH2 or SiH3 we can see they all appear in the range of 900 to 820 centimeter minus 1 and SiOH stretch for the other one and then this is SiH stretch here and then SiH deformation or WAG will appear in 950 to 800 and SiA or if it is connected to a phenyl group or aromatic group it comes around 1430 as a medium and strong and 1100 very strong and this indicates this ring mode here and then SiOC aliphatic 1100 to 1050 very, very strong and this is due to anti-symmetric stretch and then SiOAR will show around 970 to 920 very strong it is again SiO stretch and if you have SiOSI we can see in the range of 1100 to 1000 very strong and it is again due to anti-symmetric stretch. So, now we about phosphorus compounds if we have a direct pH bond phosphorus acids and esters and phosphines we come across 24, 25 to 23, 25 centimeter minus 1 this is essentially due to new pH and then we can also see bands in the region 23, 20 to 20 to 40 this is again pH stretch this is very sharp and if you see 10, 90 to 1180 medium strong pH to deformation and then 990 to 910 medium it is for pH bag for POH in phosphoric acid or phosphorus acids and esters and salts they appear in the range 2700 to 2110 this is OH stretch 1 or 2 broad and often they are weak and then if you see something around 1040 to 920 strong absorption band that is again due to POH stretch and POC in aliphatic compounds will be in this range 1050 to 950 very strong it is POC anti-symmetric and then 830 to 750 POC symmetric stretch here OME and OET compounds of P1D. So, trimethyl phosphate or triethyl phosphates to show this kind of range for POC symmetric stretch and then aromatic compounds if you have PPH3 or something like that RPOPH thrice triphenyl phosphate we come across 1250 to 1160 very strong aromatic CO stretch and then 1050 to 870 we have PO stretch. So, this should be C double bond C not CO stretch and then PC aromatic compounds we have 1450 to 1430 P directly on a ring sharp band and then quaternary aromatic 1110 to 1090 P directly on a ring sharp band is observed and in many compounds pentavalent tetra coordinated compounds we come across P double bond O and also we can identify whether the PO double bond O is from the aliphatic compounds or aromatic compounds. They have distinct range again for aliphatic ones P double bond O appears in the range of 1260 to 1240 they are usually strong and sharp. If you see in the range of 1350 to 1300 indicates that we have aryl oxide groups are present on phosphorus aryl oxide phosphates in that case P double bond O would appear around 1350 to 1300 a lower frequency pH stretch and then 1250 to 1180 when OH is on P and in phosphine oxides typically it will be in the range of 1140 to 1200 this is for new PO. So, sometime we have phosphines and after performing catalysis or something if they are converted into corresponding phosphine oxides immediately one can look into IR and get some idea why catalytic activity has brought down the reduced maybe catalyst phosphine present is decomposed or it has come out of the metal in the form of a phosphine oxide this information also comes from IR spectroscopy and then if you look into SH in thiols like mercaptans you can see 2580 to 2500 this is due to SH stretch strong in the Raman and then CS 720 to 600 weak CS stretch strong in the Raman and then SS in disulfides 550 to 450 very weak or absent again SS stretch yes in active in the Raman and then SH double bond wasulfoxides they have this characteristic region 1060 to 1020 and dialkyl sulfides in the range 1220 to 1190 both are due to SH double bond work stretch and then SO2 sulfone sulfonamide sulfonic acid sulfonate sulfonyl chloride dialkyl sulfates sulfonyl fluoride all come in the range 1300 to 1290 and this is for SO2 antisymmetric stretch and SO2 for symmetric stretch and of course in case of 1420 to 1390 SO2 antisymmetric again 1220 to 1190 SO2 symmetric stretch and in case of SOC when we have SOC C is from dialkyl we have 1050 to 850 this is SOC stretching two bands are observed usually and for SOC sulfates what we have is 1050 to 750 we can also and spitier two or more bands so these are all just for information in case if you come across some compounds and if you have a year on hand you can readily analyze and look into it whether such groups are present or not so few facts we should remember while analyzing one such important factor is inductive effect what it does is increase in the inductive effect increases the bond order and hence the force constant in carbonyl compounds therefore the wave number of C double bond was stretching vibration increases with the strength of the inductive effect of X which is shown by the following examples for example I have given here for example if the X is there when X equals H 1740 when X equals CL it becomes 1800 it is considerably shifted by about 60 centimeter minus 1 and then the second one is mesomeric effect so first one is inductive effect in mesomeric effect mesomerism diminishes the bond order and hence the force constant resulting in lowering wave number of the stretching vibration so that means it diminishes bond order and hence stretching frequency drops considerably for example if you take this compound here X equals H 1740 is there but when you replace X by RL group it comes to 1685 and then when you take here X equals H 1645 to 1640 now when you replace X with RL it drops to 1600 to 1145 centimeter minus 1 so this effect one should know inductive effect and mesomeric effect what influence they have on carbonyl carbon groups if inductive effect is there stretching frequency increases and if mesomeric effect is stretching frequency decreases so then if one were wishing to use IR to identify successful conversion of 3 ethylbutanic acid to 3 ethylbutanamide which band change would prove the most useful there are four options are given I read again if one were wishing to use IR to identify successful conversion of 3 ethylbutanic acid to 3 ethylbutanamide which band change would prove the most useful or which band change is important in identifying this reaction so four options are there the gain of a broad band at 3200 and a narrow band at 1750 the gain of a narrow band at 3400 and the loss of a broad band at 3200 the loss of a narrow band at 3400 and the gain of narrow band at 1750 the loss of a broad band at 3200 and the gain of a narrow band at 1750 so that means in all we have CO group is there so CO group is almost left unchanged and in that case what happens initially we had OH so that is disappearing and in that place we are getting INH that means basically the 3200 due to OH is disappearing probably option B is the correct one here you can also see I have given a yes spectrum for both alcohol and amide you can see here this is for amide and this is for alcohol alcohol it comes around 12 OH is here and then it comes to 7 here you see NH1 otherwise this portion remains almost looks like unchanged here so that means here the catch is this one but however one can also use NMR conveniently to see whether the reaction is completed or not in both of them products are very pure that means the OH group is converted converted into amide here that can also be confirmed from NMR spectroscopy so we shall look into more examples maybe combined examples having both IR NMR and UV data in my next lectures until then have an excellent time thank you