Hello, everyone. I'm Shree Tumidi and I'm a senior manager of product management at Pivotal. I've been product manager for UAA, but most recently I've moved into a different role as the product lead for security of the platform and in this role I'm overseeing IAM as well as other aspects of security. But today it's all about IAM, so let's get started. So a quick overview of the problems that UAA solves when it comes to cloud foundry, platform and for applications. UAA is an identity server. You can also refer to it as an identity proxy. So in an enterprise you have different ways in which users are authenticated and authorized and those could be disparate systems, but UAA is able to connect to these systems in a standard based approach and is able to present a consistent identity to the platform and for applications on the platform. So these standards are SAML, LDAP, OpenID Connect. So UAA is able to use those standards and federate an identity to different components of the platform and for applications. So it has different roles. On the platform front we have two kinds of platform now. We have the cloud foundry application runtime and we have Kubernetes. So UAA is able to secure them with the tokens that it generates and there are other aspects of the platform like routing, container networking, Bosch itself and UAA has a role to play in that too. I do have like concourse and other things missing but UAA does help concourse and credit hub with its authentication and authorization as well. On the application front, since UAA is a token server, it can be used to secure applications and there are different kinds of applications and workloads that could be running on the platform. So you could have web applications, microservices, functions and plain old services themselves and they could also be using UAA for their identity integration. We do go one step ahead and for applications that run off the platform, if they need to interact with applications on the platform, UAA has a role to play there too because from an identity standpoint, we are using standard space identity so it doesn't really matter where the application is running. So that sort of covers the different bases in terms of where all UAA can be plugged in. So in today's session, I will be covering some recent feature updates to UAA and I'll talk a little bit about what we are doing, the areas that we are investing for in the future. So UAA is now an OpenID Connect certified identity provider and this is something that we achieved a few months back. So the recent version of UAA, I think starting with v60, that's what is listed here, we are an OpenID Connect certified IDP. There are two profiles so there is UAA acting as an identity provider and then we have relying party support too so we have not certified that. What we have certified to begin with is the IDP standard. The next feature is OpenID Connect with Password Grant. So UAA does support federating out to external identity providers using OpenID Connect. So this support already existed but we have enhanced it now to support a different grant type which is Password Grant. The use case basically is if you have an OpenID Connect identity provider, there are two ways that you could be connecting to it. You could use a browser agent and redirect to the IDP and have the user login at the IDP but another way to connect is browser less experience and it comes in very handy when you have to deal with enabling authentication for command line interfaces. So with this particular grant type, UAA is able to do a browser less authentication to external identity providers and this is something that involves UAA connecting to external identity provider and performing an authentication through a back channel as opposed to a front channel of a browser. This feature was contributed by SAP and we have people in the room here so shout out to them for helping us with this use case. So let's walk through what's happening behind the scenes. So let's take the example of the Cloud Foundry command line interface. So everyone has used it. So as an app developer, when you perform a login, you are basically going to take two routes. You could perform a login through the UI for single sign on but now you can actually present credentials, external identity credentials within the CFCLI. So you enter a username password and optionally a one-time code of the external provider, not UAA. So that's the difference here. So we are not collecting the username password for a user in UAA. We are collecting it for the external identity provider. The CFCLI doesn't need to care though. It uses the same flow. It collects those credentials and posts it to UAA's token endpoint and it has the username password and the MFA code or the one-time code. UAA then acts as a client to the external identity provider and presents the same information to the external identity provider using a back channel. Once the IDP validates those credentials, the IDP generates a token and presents it back to UAA. So what you are seeing here is UAA acting as a relying party to the external IDP. Once UAA validates the token, it generates a UAA token for the CFCLI. Once CFCLI receives the token, then it hits the Cloud Controller API to get a listing of applications and since Cloud Controller API trusts UAA tokens, it's able to validate that, validate the signature and other aspects and then provide the resources to the CFCLI. So in this flow, you are seeing like UAA delegate authentication to IDP using back channel. The next feature is identity provider discovery with login hint. So UAA already supports identity provider discovery using the email domain mechanism. So prior to this feature, if you wanted to discover which identity provider to log into, UAA could look up the domain, map it to an external identity provider and know to redirect there. So that is one way of discovering which identity provider you should be going to, but sometimes the application has more context about which identity provider should be used for authentication. So there are scenarios wherein you have a multi-tenant application. Actually, Cloud Foundry is a good example of that. So we have a lot of customers who actually use multiple identity providers to one Cloud Foundry deployment. In that scenario, the application has more context about which identity provider you should be going to. So app could be doing a discovery based on some cookie that is already set or it could be a URL pattern. And then the application can send a hint to UAA saying that, hey, I would like to authenticate using a particular identity provider. In this case, the hint is the IDP alias itself. When UAA sees that request, it obviously makes sure that the request is coming from a trusted application. It does all of its validation. It looks up whether it trusts the identity provider that was passed, like the hint that was passed. And if everything is good, then it will redirect to the identity provider. So this is a feature which helps with discovering which identity provider you should be going to, but with more control on the app side. The next feature is ID token refresh. So UAA already supports token refresh, but previous to this feature, it was only access tokens that could be refreshed, but now we have support for ID token refresh too. So if you take the use case of the Kubernetes command line interface and the Kubernetes API server, they are secured using UAA, ID tokens, not access tokens.  And then the Kubernetes API server will validate the ID token. But in this case, if the ID token has expired, then the Kubernetes command line interface will start a refresh token grant flow with UAA, pass its client ID, client secret, and the refresh token. And then UAA is able to perform, like validate those credentials, validate the refresh token, and provide a new ID token. And then the Kubernetes command line interface will send that ID token over to the API server. API server will validate ID token is good, and then pass the response back to the command line interface. So this obviously comes in handy if you're dealing with offline access. The user is probably not in the picture. You're running an automation scenario, and you are dealing with longer lived access. So this is where a refresh token flow comes in handy. So let's switch gears and talk about a new project, which is Permissions.  So this is in incubation right now. It was developed with the vision of providing a consistent authorization experience across all platform components and services. So what does that really mean? We have the Cloud Foundry application runtime, and it has its own authorization built into the API server itself. So it's very hard to extend that feature set. And even if you do that, you are actually building something just for that experience, like for Cloud Controller API. What if you want to use that in different places, like, for example, in a completely different platform like Cloud Foundry container runtime? So authorization is a common concern. It doesn't apply just to Cloud Foundry application runtime. It could apply to services. It could apply to other applications. It could apply to other platforms. So we decided to spin off separate, you know, like a standard authorization service with two use cases in mind. We wanted to develop a role-based access control mechanism. So what that means is you define roles with permissions. They can be associated with users. And then you can make decisions around whether a user can perform a certain action on a certain resource or not. So the use cases were the ability to define custom roles and being able to derive roles from external groups. Why do custom roles matter, though? It matters because if you look at the model today, there are probably six to eight predefined roles in Cloud Foundry, but they are pretty limiting. Say, for example, if you have a space developer access, you can do everything within the space. What if you wanted to just give the ability to manage certain actions related to service instance binding or just to perform some route mappings. You cannot do that. It's like an all or nothing access. So that's not good from, you know, providing the least privileged access. So that's where custom roles come in. So from a status standpoint, this service already has an API that can perform role definition and role evaluation. We are in the process of adding features for the second use case, which is deriving roles from external groups. On the integration of this with existing systems like CAPI, we are planning to first migrate Cloud Controller to V3 before this can be integrated. We basically took this decision because the V2 API has authorization logic pretty much all over code. It's very hard to externalize that into an external service. So we decided that we will first do a migration of Cloud Controller to V3 and then integrate PIRM. In future, we want to integrate PIRM with Cloud Foundry container runtime, and that's under consideration. So platform I am today is you have UAA in application runtime, you have UAA in container runtime, and you have these concepts of roles and tenancy separate in both platforms. So when you think from a customer standpoint, it's very hard to rationalize, you know, like, why am I doing same things in two different places? Why am I repeating setting up roles, setting up access in different ways in two different platforms? So what we envision is we can think of IAM as a common service, which has some common constructs like tenancy and roles, and even tokens, right, like that can be reused across platforms without any special behavior. So what we envision is we have a common IAM experience, we have common concepts, global concepts of tenancy roles and tokens, and they can be used and applied to different resources in container runtime, application runtime, and even in the marketplace because from a customer standpoint, this is one platform and one marketplace. So next is application IAM and what's UAA doing there? So today, when it comes to application IAM, UAA is able to act as a token provider, and it's able to provide tokens to applications and microservices. So these could be end user tokens or service tokens, right? So that's pretty much what is needed from an app IAM standpoint, and we have major deployments that customers have done wherein UAA is being used beyond platform IAM to secure apps also. There is another use case that we support, which is token exchange. So token exchange basically deals with providing limited time, limited use sort of tokens for microservice interactions. So those are the use cases that we deal with on the app IAM front. So if you look at the current state of app IAM, you have, you're using some kind of a UAA service broker, and you are using UAA to configure different identity related settings. So tenants, you are creating identity tenants, you are providing identity provider configurations. On the client side, though, it is a very high touch experience because you have to deal with, you know, as an app developer, do I understand like OAuth, OpenID Connect, which library should I use? It's a burden on the developer having to know about these Federation standards. So it's not as easy as like, hey, I want to turn on authentication to an active directory and boom, I have it. You have to know what are the steps that you have to perform on the application side. So things like how do I validate the token? How do I get more information about the user? How do I enforce permissions? So those are things that you have to know. But what we envision is, we can interplay with the STO on Y capabilities, wherein a lot of these mechanisms that need to be performed on the client side can be done in a standard way within the sidecar. So if you look at the previous picture, you have all these operations that need to be done in the app using an app framework or some library. But in the sidecar approach, all these actions can actually be performed through the sidecar. So basically, think of it as, you know, taking the responsibility away from the application without the app developer needing to code anything. So one side of the equation around tenancy and how policy is set up, that doesn't change much. What changes is the experience of the app developer? Yes, yes. Sure. So the question is, does the app really need to concern itself with the token? What is the app getting? In this model, it can choose not to get anything. As in, the sidecar can perform the validation and provide, like a yes or no decision on whether the request should come through to the application. There are scenarios where you do want to get the token because there is information in the token that an application needs to act on, you know, further, like, beyond what a policy decision is, right? Like there may be user-related information in the token. So in those scenarios, you can have the token be validated on the edge, but still be passed to the application for information. Sure, sure. So definitely, so the sidecar approach standardizes how tokens are validated and yes, it takes that burden away from the app developer in terms of worrying about how tokens should be validated and what is the right way to do it. Think of it also as, you know, it's easier for a platform provider to update anything related to security because they are not now dealing with this proliferation of things being done in different ways and different applications. So it's very easy to maintain a consistent security posture. Does that answer your question? Look into the future. So I'm going to be making some controversial statements here and I want the feedback from the community. One thing that we would like to do with UAA is make a focused effort towards federation. So today, UAA is able to federate to external identity providers. We want to make sure that we tackle all the use cases there and focus our efforts there. So we want to sort of embrace this concept of bring your own identity provider and not rely on UAA's internal user store and native authentication schemes. The reason is if you look at the enterprise sort of, you know, environment, enterprise customers have already invested in a commercial identity offering, right? Like they have an identity system of record. They have a federation system of record. So where we want to add value is consuming existing setups as opposed to creating more features around UAA acting as its own internal user store. So along those lines, we want to improve our interoperability with other cloud identity providers. So one mechanisms that we would like to support in the future is token pass through. So if you look at how UAA manages tokens today, when it receives a token from external identity provider, it asserts and then it generates a token of its own and it doesn't pass the original token. But there are scenarios where you know, customers have asked us for like, hey, I do not want UAA's tokens to be passed through to the applications. I want UAA to be the mediator, but I still want the original token from the identity provider. It's an important use case because that downstream application could be calling out to another API that trusts the tokens from external IDP, not from UAA. So in that scenario, token pass through makes a lot of sense. Another area that we want to invest is service identity. So today, service identity in UAA is a OAuth client. So it's a client ID and a client secret, which is good. It has gotten us far enough in terms of tackling different use cases. But we are getting a lot of feedback around like, hey, I would like service identity to be a certificate as opposed to a credential because certificates have deep roots in enterprises. In enterprise scenario, there is like an enterprise certifying authority, which is provisioning cert identity for the services and the applications. And why can UAA not reuse that as opposed to generating its own set of credentials? So we have plans to invest in this area also and use certs for client authentication as opposed to or in addition to using client IDs and secrets. So there is a standard that is coming up right now, which is PIFI. It is Secure Production Identity Framework for Everyone. So this isn't CNCF right now. And this standard basically helps with service identity interop. So if you see Istio also uses PIFI certificates for services and we would like to use those as a means of asserting client identity in addition to client ID and secret. Finally, enhancing security for tokens. So we would like to support something called token binding to TLS channel. So one of the drawbacks of using tokens is they can be replayed. So if you get hold of a token, you can, if you're a malicious actor, you can potentially use that token in a different scenario and a resource server doesn't really care where it came from as long as the token is valid, right? So how do you protect yourself against token replay scenarios? So we can actually, there is a spec out there. There is a standard for binding tokens to the TLS channel itself, so it cannot be replayed. So if it is being reused in a channel that it was not received over, then the resource server can reject it. It will not allow that authorization to happen. Sure. So the question is, if you do not have an identity provider to use, especially in development environments like a CF dev kind of a scenario, how will things work? So one idea that we have is, and we'll definitely float this and get more feedback from the community, but one idea that we have is it can be used in non-proud scenarios in a limited use fashion to have a better getting started experience. So you will still have it. I think what we do not want to get into is UAA as a system of record in production scenarios. So definitely from a, hey, I want to get started. I would like some bunch of users to be pre-created in the system, and I would like to use those in my dev or pre-proud environments. You can do that. I think what we are trying to not go after our support is using it in at-scale scenarios. There are open-source options. I do not want to give examples here, but we can catch up separately. There are definitely open-source options you can use, but there may be some licensing considerations there and stuff, but there are open-source options out there for identity servers, yes. But I think it will still come back to you. You will have to pay for support anyway. Yeah, so I can see, actually, let me repeat the question. So the question is, client certificates, can we use SSH keys as a means of authenticating? So you could potentially do that. So we see two use cases. One is managed identity that we can be pushing to applications that run on the platform, which could be a standard like Spiffy, but there is sort of external identity that is already plugged in, and yes, we would like to interoperate with those scenarios too. But that would involve setting up trust somehow, because if UAA needs to trust that set of keys, then similar to how SSH keys are exchanged, you need to have trust set up on the server side for you to be able to validate that credential. So, yes. Finally, we are always open to more help in the community. So we have these active projects, UAA and permissions, and there are different ways to contribute. You can go through a dojo program or you can submit PRs. There are other communities that are coming up in this space. So we have the SDO security working group, and it is dealing more on obviously with service identity and identity within the service mesh, and it's a pretty vibrant community. And we are trying to work with them to bring more of the SDO security capabilities to Cloud Foundry. There is the Kubernetes, and then finally, there is the safe working group also. This is for authorization interop, and it's a CNCF sandbox project. It's called safe access for everyone, deals with security and authorization interop in the Cloud. Questions? Apparently, I don't speak loud enough. Sorry, is this work done? Is it in CFCR? Is it work in progress? So the question is the Kube CTL ID token refresh, is this work already done? So yes, on the UAA front, it is completed, and there is the latest version of UAA supports this flow. It needs to be pulled into a CFCR. So from the UAA standpoint, it exists. That support is already there, and then CFCR needs to just pick up that version of UAA, and it should be able to use this integration. And so when the token comes back, I think it's on the next slide you were referring to. How does it map the notion of namespaces and the roles, the Kubernetes roles? That's not covered in this presentation, but from mapping of roles, Kubernetes roles to what is in the ID token claims, at least the way Pivotal is performing this integration is UAA ID token can contain external groups from an Active Directory, for example. Those groups can be mapped to Kubernetes roles like a cluster admin. So that's, you would need to have that mapping in place on a per cluster level, and then that will be enforced by the Kubernetes API server. All right, so UAA is only going to provide identity like this person is, and they're allowed to access it in general, and bit like Cloud Controller, if they're going to go to the Kubernetes system to decide what you're then allowed to do. Yes, so the Kubernetes API server is acting as a resource server. UAA is providing the identity, but the identity and the claims, but the enforcement of what the user can access is actually happening in Kubernetes. Okay, I think we're slightly running out of time. I think Shree would be around for additional questions. Yes. Thank you very much, Shree. Thank you.


How did you approach that attack, Nathan? I faced him the first day of the series he started against us, obviously. He threw me three pretty wicked change-ups, and they were all down. So my focus was trying to see something up there, do a first pitch, heater, which I wasn't looking for. So I kind of tried to stop and end up going with a swing. And so I was like, all right, maybe he goes heater now, but I'm still looking for it up. But just really not trying to do too much, just trying to hit a line drive the other way. And I was able to hit it out, so that was nice. With the quality of the bats in that frame, what does that mean for this team? And what does it say about this team, given what happened in the top half of the 10th? Yeah, I mean, I feel like we've said it all year long. Obviously, we've scuffled here as of recent, but we've been having pretty quality of bats for the better part of the year, obviously. That's why we've won a lot of games. I think that's just who we are. I think that inning is who we are as a team. And, you know, Glaver, not trying to do too much, hit a ball the other way, gets a knock, gets a single, it's a huge risk, comes up there, huge walk to now where we have a chance to win the ball game and for myself just to kind of stay composed and, you know, trust in my process of what I'm doing. And I was able to execute. How's your arm there? It looks like you were in some pain there when it happened. He had hurt. Yeah, it didn't feel good. So, yeah, it's a little swollen, but I'll be fine. Do you think you'll leave the game at all? No, fine.  But given the last week and a half, was there a lot of other extra going into that?  And I think just kind of, you know, as we talked about how the game progressed and kind of how the back and forth battle happened there and we were able to kind of come back there with our backs against the wall. And I definitely think that was a supply of release of some joy and some frustration over the past couple of weeks for sure. Was that release?  What's that moment like for you, just watching that ball go and knowing that you got it?  When I hit it and I saw which direction the field that it was going, I knew that it was going. So, yeah, it was thrilling and, you know, look forward to carrying some of this momentum going forward.


The Government of India has released the draft Indian Marine Fisheries Bill 2021, causing a stir among the fishing community. The fishermen in Tamil Nadu held massive protests and strikes across the strait against the bill on August 9. The Government of Tamil Nadu has also spoken against the bill and the centre's infringement on its strikes. So we are here, came here for protesting the Indian Marine Fisheries Bill 2021. So this bill is completely against all fishermen, especially we can see lot of things against the fishermen community and the traditional fishing and the act is saying that this bill is exemption from the traditional fishermen only when they are using the non-traditional I mean non-motorized boat. So non-motorized boat, now nobody is using. It is already outdated, rest all are using from the small engine to bigger engine. But this bill is saying only this bill exemption for non-motorized boat, this is completely wrong assumption and they have to come to the seashore area and to check what we are using first. And secondly what they are saying in this bill and from the small engine to bigger engine and all size of all variety of fishing boats are come under only one word it is called fishing vessel. It is completely wrong assumption because fishing vessel means it has lot of extra equipment, navigational equipment, communication equipment but you can see the normal fishing boats are nothing. We don't have anything and we are having very minimum equipment on this boat. Then how we can come into the only one line called fishing vessel, it is completely wrong assumption from the central government and this has to be taken back and this bill, Indian Marine Fisheries Bill 2021 should be completely taken back, it is completely against the fisherman. The bill has classified all the traditional fiber and mechanized boats on par with high end fishing vessels. Moreover the bill has mandated the obtaining of licenses and licensing fee for fishing for the traditional fisherman. The fisherman have raised fears over the threat of being driven away from the seas. When we go for fishing we have to go to the authorized license agency to get the license for fishing and first we have to go for registration of fishing boats. It is completely not possible. This law has come and they will they have such a certain kind of committee that committee will decide when to fish and when to not fish and they have no fishing zone. No fishing zone means you cannot go for fishing and when they give the license, when this authorized license officer when they give the license and they will say that this area from north point to south point. This latitude, this longitude, you cannot go for fishing. How can we go? How can we do fishing with this kind of attitude, this kind of law? So it is completely wrong and there are many other things are there in the 16 pages law, I mean this must have the bill and around 14 pages are against the traditional fisherman. Only few points here and there that foreign fishing vessels cannot come for fishing in AEZ, Exclusive Economic Zone. It is okay, but another 14 pages are completely against the fisherman and especially only 12 nautical miles is come under the state government fishing act and above the 12 nautical miles to 200 nautical miles plus high seas. High seas are 200 nautical miles plus it is comes under the Indian Marine Fisheries Bill and we have to take two separate license, one license for 12 nautical miles and another license for above 12 nautical miles. It is absolutely wrong. How can we traditional fisherman go for two license? If we take local license, 12 nautical miles license, if we cross the 12 nautical miles border, how can we know that 12 nautical miles? We cannot go and measure each and every point, no? If we go above the 12 nautical miles and we have to go for jail and this guy will say you came, you come to the central government point and you will be under arrest. This is completely wrong and they don't have any sense. They have to come to the beach or seashore area to check each and every point and they should discuss with fishermen and we should give the good suggestion that present situation, what is the condition and what is the against this bill? We are requesting central government and fisheries department to taking care of this and this bill has to be withdrawn completely because from the point one to point last, this Masoda, this bill is against the traditional fisherman and we are Meenavangapa Makal Yakam and Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Meenavangapu. We are kindly requesting central government and state government to withdraw the bill as soon as possible to save and to protect the fisherman community.


Hi everyone, I'm Joe for Jaspy's CaseBreaks.com coming at you with a nice one here, 2021 Panini National Treasures Football. First off the line, one box, pick your team break, number six is a loose box here, not from a fresh case. And those stars and stripes parallels, those are the big ones that we're looking for. There's the first off the line sticker for 2021 NT football.  I appreciate that. It looks like it was Han with the Niners who got last bought Mojo before we pulled the teams for the random number blocks which we randomize in a separate video. So basically a serial number break just for those remaining teams right there. Keep that right next to me over here. All right, let's do it. Let's see what we got. So same checklist, but just some exclusive parallels which is what makes this pretty exciting. It makes this a pretty pricey box as well. We'll use a blank card here to slow play the hits a little bit. We're gonna lead off with two out of 13, Mark Andrews. Justin with the Ravens. Nice, nice stars and stripes look. And we got Matthew Stafford, 34 out of 49. Super Bowl champ going to Nathan Rossi and the Rams. A nice Chris Godwin dual relics, Sunday Treasurer, 63 out of 99, Buccaneers. Darren, the Porterhouse steak with the Bucks. We got one out of five, Hunter Renfro. Could be a big year for Hunter Renfro. That's the Century Materials, two color patch and one out of five, out of fives and under get the world famous train whistle. Who's got my Raiders? Michael Best, all aboard the Big Hit Express, whoo-hoo. We got a quad relic, all Niners. Jerry West, Joe Montana, John Taylor, Ricky Waters. Three out of 10. It's a nice classic quartet there, huh? Picked up the Niners, last spot mojo. And we've got Jalen Waddle, three out of 17. Some nice colors popping in those little windows there. Dolphins, Dusty and the Dolphins. We got Donovan McNabb, 40 out of 99. Jersey and Otto for the Eagles. That's our first number block hit. So we'll go by that, we go by that digit right there if you're new to the number blocks. So that'll go to Philadelphia Zero and that'll be for Han, Philadelphia Zero. And we got Minnesota Vikings. We got Brock Lesnar, 97 out of 99. Nice, I know that guy. That is for Dusty and the Vikings. That's pretty cool. I think these actually go for a decent amount. Nice. All right, some Stars and Stripes, Otto's. First one is one out of 10. Patrick Sertain, the second with the Broncos patch. Stars and Stripes, who's got my rivals, Han with the Denver Broncos. He's like really sharp. And the last one, another Stars and Stripes, RPA, it's Michael Carter, 17 out of 25 for the New York Jets. These parallels look really sharp. And the Jets are a number block team. So that'll go to New York Jets number seven. Again, we go by that digit right there. So Jets seven, Joshua with last spot mojo in that number block. And there you go, ladies and gentlemen, that was a nice first off the line box. I'm Joe for jaspeyscasebreaks.com. I'll see you next time for the next football break. Bye-bye.


Well, hundreds of people gathered Saturday morning during the walk to end Alzheimer's to raise money to fight a disease that affects tens of thousands of Minnesotans. With this week's community spotlight reporter Rachel Johnson has more to lead the way to the end of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, and the only one in the top 10 without a known treatment or cure. The Alzheimer's Association is trying to change that. There have been so many people here who have come together to try to raise money to support the programs of the Alzheimer's Association. The walk to end Alzheimer's is an annual event where teams come together to walk and raise money for the Alzheimer's Association in the Brainerd Lakes area. It's time to start talking about it. There still is a stigma with Alzheimer's disease and we are breaking that by talking about it and bringing that awareness. We want people to understand the disease so go get help sooner and they have we educate doctors. The doctors come to us and we talk to them about how to educate their patients. So many families are affected by Alzheimer's and dementia. Hundreds of people were at the event to show their support. Everyone in this room right now is family. They all understand they care and that's why we're here. We're all here looking to end this disease. When teams entered the event they were invited to pick up a flower. Each color of flower correlated with the reason they walk. The orange flower represents support for the cause. The yellow is if you are caregiver for somebody living with dementia or Alzheimer's. The blue is if you are a person living with the disease and the purple is if you have lost somebody to Alzheimer's or dementia. Each year a family is asked to be the honorary family for the event. This year the Larson family was chosen. Donna Larson was diagnosed with early onset Alzheimer's disease at 63. I just want to show that it hits everybody. No matter what your status is in the community, no matter who you are, it can hit your family or yourself and don't be afraid to talk about it, learn more about it. This year's walk raised a $126,000 while surpassing their goal of 110,000. This is huge for raising awareness and I can't say enough about the the Brandard Lakes community. People have really rallied around this cause and come together to make a difference and we're all working very hard to hopefully one day find the first survivor. There are so many people in the community passionate about this cause. They will keep walking and keep raising money so that hopefully one day there will be a cure. Reporting from Baxter with this week's Community Spotlight, Rachel Johnson, Lakeland News. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


The U.S. Navy's four deployed aircraft carrier USS George Washington took time out of its busy patrol schedule to honor Marines and sailors lost during the battle of Iwo Jima as the ship passed within view of the historic World War II battle site. It's mind-blowing to even try to imagine what went on here. The battle during 1945 focused on controlling an asset Iwo Jima still has to this day, an airfield. Over 6,000 Marines and sailors lost their lives securing it over a five-week period. Carrier Erring 5 is a minority of people who actually get to come out to Iwo Jima and to experience that. So it's got a lot of historical significance and it's an honor to come down there and train. After Navy Seabees rebuilt the airfield, it served as an emergency landing station for Army Air Force B-29 heavy bombers. And today, it's used to qualify the pilots of George Washington's embarked Erring, Carrier Erring 5, for carrier operations.


Okay. Thank you very much. Bogota is not as large as Mumbai, certainly, but has seven million inhabitants. And it has a very high density, about 220 inhabitants per hectare. I'd like to first say that if we have private property and market as the best way to manage most of society's resources, there is not much we can do about income inequality. But we can do a lot for quality of life equality, especially for children. Quality of life in terms of housing, of health, of access to parks, recreation, music lessons, sports, education. It is realistic to strive for a city where nobody feels inferior or excluded. I'd like to first mention that in the transition from 35% urban to 75% urban population, in Latin American cities, population in Latin American cities grew by more than 1,000%. Population of Indian cities will be, I mean, India now has about 35% urban population, as I understand. Therefore, if the same were to happen, population in Mumbai would be 10 times what it is today in 40 or 50 years. Maybe that will not happen, but at least it will be three times more. But I don't see any reason why it would be very different than what happened in Latin America, but let's say it will be at least three times as much. There are slums in practically all developing country cities. Therefore, these slum problems is not because we have had a bad government or a bad mayor or a bad president. The system of private property of land does not work for the case of land around cities because if it was a matter of a bad government, maybe there would be some cities where the problem would not exist. Clearly, what it does not work is the system of private property of land that is not working anywhere in the world. In Dar es Salaam, you see there are no streets, nothing. It's a very curious case of messiness. Or in Philippines, the Asian type of slums around railroads always. This is in Kenya, in Nairobi. The inputs for housing are land, construction, materials, labor, and finances, which can be finally income loans, government subsidies. As countries get richer, all inputs become more accessible. Construction materials, higher salaries, higher finances, but land does not increase. Land is as inaccessible as at $8,000 income per capita and it is at $300,000 per capita because private property does not work and free markets do not work in the case of land around developing country cities. Right supply increases when prices go back down. This is the essence of the market of capitalism. This does not happen in the case of land for housing. We can increase prices all we want and the supply of land which is accessible to utilities, to jobs, to schools does not increase. Furthermore, I don't understand why we still continue to adopt private property as the means to manage most land around the jungle. And very soon, land is inaccessible to people. Even though land was free 10 years before, 10 years later, it's totally inaccessible to people. Even when you find some oil, for example, or whatever. This is just pictures of Colombian cities all over the place and then you can see the land. The owner of this land is very happy about this illegal development because then the government has to bring water and roads and buses and then this land goes up very much in price. It's very likely that the owner himself gave this half free to these people so he would force government to bring utilities there. It really happens very often. In Bogota, this is the surroundings of Bogota where about half the city initially started as illegal. Bogota is very high up in the mountains, about 2,600, but these slums are even much higher up. Illegality, of course, leaves poor public spaces, inadequate locations, no parks. Adjacent to Bogota, there are tens of thousands of hectares of flat land but the poor continue to be forced to illegal neighborhoods because the land is private and if people have higher incomes of lower interest rates or whatever, or higher government subsidies then whatever we gain from subsidies or from higher income then land prices go up and you lose whatever you have gained elsewhere. So you can never catch up. It's like the dog, the rabbit and the dog races. It doesn't matter how fast the dog races, it will never catch the rabbit. So this is the new slums growing up. This was a severe failure of the Colombian state that half of Colombian cities grew out initially as slums in some more and some less. My respectful suggestion is in order to avoid the same mistake Indian government should acquire most of the rural land around its cities or else the same thing will happen and Mumbai will be two or three or four times as big and the problems will only get bigger as architect Charles Correa was mentioning before that this is not going to be solved if we continue to do the same. We have to do therefore as everywhere two things. One slum improvement makes slums legal, supply them with water, sewage, schools, parks, public transport, pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure but also we should do something to avoid the city from continuing to growing in slums. What is it that we are going to be doing? One thing is to solve what they exist but then what to do so that they don't grow in the future. We have legalized in Colombia traditionally slums. This is more or less in the process of improvement now. I mean as they are so freely so almost legal so they really have streets and then we put old services and then becomes the legal city, the normal city like this. We improved a lot like this and then with shops and the normal city in the working. Colombia has a very, Colombia utilities have a very high cross subsidies after income people may pay up to 10 times more for the same water as the poor people and this is how about 100% of homes in Bogotá have running water and electricity practically 100% are connected through sewage systems, more than 90% have drainage system, nearly 90% have pipe gas through cross subsidy system. Beyond making low income neighborhoods legal and providing them utilities I would like to emphasize on something different. Measures can be taken to truly create inclusion, a sense of belonging and even of pride, respect for human dignity. Small public works with high community participation can strengthen community organization and create self-esteem but we have to work on pedestrian infrastructure. I mean we cannot just simply put roads through these slums or through poor neighborhoods because these are for cars. We have to make infrastructure for people, sidewalks, parks, schools, libraries, infrastructure for people. So this is the type of thing. We made hundreds of these things, communities themselves proposed them, designed them and go in contracts with them to be built. Small pedestrian streets like this or sidewalks, stairways such as this. But I'd like to emphasize that the real conflict for space and funds in cities between cars infrastructure, the real conflict is between cars infrastructure and social infrastructure such as schools, libraries, hospitals and parks. If we really want to solve the problems of the poor we have to make a very crucial political decision and it's somehow decided that we are going to make more and more and more and more highways every time we have a traffic jam because there is a huge conflict for space and for funds. If we decide that every time we have a traffic jam we are going to make bigger highways it will never be possible to solve the needs of the poor in poor cities. Like temples, quality buildings are symbols which create values such as churches wearing medieval towns, children's nurseries, schools, libraries. This is for example in a very poor neighborhood top quality school with the best architecture and conditions. Or this one here and you can also see the mass transport here another top quality school in the border of the city very, very high up in the mountains. Schools like this in the poorest neighborhoods here even a pedestrian street only. In the poorest neighborhood and then community centers indoor swimming pools, schools. Here we made this library, great library then this was very poor around here then this attracted a little bit higher income developments even shopping areas and of course this whole area. Dispensing free food can help the poor but it does not create equality and self-esteem. Good. Architecture for people not for motor cars can create equality and self-esteem and I'm not an architect I must say. This is a picture of lack of democracy. Clearly in this society car owners are more important than pedestrians. This is a picture under development of lack of respect for human dignity. This is in Nairobi. Clearly the road is well paid but the pedestrian spaces are just mud. Again in Dar es Salaam people do not exist except if they are car owners even children, even school children. Public pedestrian space is a symbol of respect for human dignity. So if we are going to improve so long we have to make investments in pedestrian quality pedestrian spaces. In low income communities where people do not have cars quality pedestrian infrastructure creates inclusion and equality. This is through some of the poorest areas in Bogota we made a 23 kilometer pedestrian street. Very high quality even underground cables and the like. In some areas there was no city yet and then this was land bought by government for housing projects. The artery for development was the pedestrian street. This is an interesting project see underground cables pedestrian space bicycle way and the cars in the mud. It's different values I mean. The new city begins to grow around the pedestrian street and around a car street. See normally this is the typical illegal development in the process of advancing and legalizing. Normally the car payment will have been done first. This we did first. First for pedestrian bicycles after for payments for the cars. Different values are created. Respect for humans. Children going to school. The bicycle shops open next to it. See the lady you see again the car in the mud the pedestrian street next to it. Children going to all this is a different concept. I think we should have a network of hundreds of kilometers of pedestrian streets. How why should sidewalks be as wide as you can make them then in a thing we made infrastructure for pedestrian next to poor neighborhoods for to enjoy them the waterfront. To go out to the countryside in pedestrian street. Next to canals all next to drainage canal should be pedestrian spaces. What you can do with a drainage canal and some pedestrian infrastructure a protected bicycle ways not cute architectural feature in the city. It is a right unless one thinks that only motor vehicle owners have a right to save mobility. Even the poorest have a bicycle. A protected bicycle was a symbol that shows that a citizen at $30 bicycle is as important and one on a $30,000 car. So now from almost 0% in seven years. Now has 5% of its population using bicycles every day. They are saving one and a half monthly minimum wage every year. Infancy bridges for bicycles. Large roads are necessary but they must have quality pedestrian infrastructure next to them. Next to poor neighborhoods if we are going to build them but make nice pedestrian spaces next to these neighborhoods. Public pedestrian space is not a luxury. It is as necessary as hospitals or roads. In the future low income citizens will have access to most goods having income citizens have today computers or mobile phones. Access to green spaces will be a crucial source of inequality or equality. If we really create parks such as central parks and things like this. Parks and plazas are as necessary again as road or hospital. This we demolish downtown with a huge social program. 23 hectares to create a park in the middle of some downtown area. Again space for children, space for cars. The same picture. Parks in the poor neighborhoods. Parks are important again even in the poorest neighborhoods. Artificial turf, soccer fields. Large parks in the middle of the poorest areas. And we buy even land for the future. Even if we don't have money to make the park yet. And now to finish. The idea again is not just to solve this long problem but to avoid them. So I think we have to buy land in advance next to it. So national government gives $4500 subsidy for $1500 houses. We created an agency which buys land next to the city. Either voluntarily or through eminent domain at rural prices. But it's private developers who build the houses but they have only two years to develop these to build the houses and their maximum price of $15000. This is the type of developments with lots of parks. This is the type of slums that were there before and this is the new type of development. With a lot of infrastructure. Pedestrian, this is the type of houses. 40 square meter houses for $15000 and they can add up another 20 meter. And we get very high densities. About 340 inhabitants per hectare. Sidewalks. Some of them are with higher densities like this. And this is the land. This is the land next to Bogota. And as rural land. You see the city, right there. This land should not be privately owned. Although it's outside the urban area this land is adjacent to it. With good public transport this land is only 25 minutes from downtown. This land around developing country cities and even land which seems very rural in Mumbai today should be publicly owned. I know for example of some Latin American investors which have a lot of land around Indian cities. I think it's very absurd that this is becoming and speculating feature because this is the main obstacle to solving the needs for housing with good quality public spaces and good planning. So I really would suggest very respectfully that the Indian state at any level which is relevant should acquire all or most of the land the rural land around the cities because it's very likely that the cities will grow much farther than what you imagine today. With good public transport all of this land can be accessible anywhere in the city. Thank you. Thank you very much Enrique. You always inspire us and challenge us and we look forward to more conversation.


Civil society calls for the investigation of the Nigerian Navy officials allegedly involved in theft of over 8,000 barrels of crude oil and rift in adobe governments gets messier as deputies governor seeks court protection from governor of Bataki. This is plus politics, I am Mary Anna Cole. A non-governmental organization center for public accountability has called on the chief of naval staff vice admiral Emmanuel O'gala to launch investigation into allegations of involvement of its officers in crude oil theft. A vessel allegedly carrying crude oil suspected to have been stolen was intercepted in the Kokor area of Delta State by the Ternita security services. The 1,117 tonne vessel carrying about 8,100 barrels of crude was escorted by some naval officers before it was reportedly intercepted on Wednesday. According to the Ternita operatives upon entrance into the ship they noticed that the vessel was authorized to carry product by the Navy but did not have any approvals from the Nigerian midstream and downstream petroleum regulatory authority. The authority responsible for the regulation of midstream and downstream petroleum operations in Nigeria for the said voyage. May rather Navy in a statement by its director of information Commodore A.O.I. Yovan opposed the motion that the vessel was acting without authorization. The Ternita security outfit is a private security company owned by government in Kemopolo, popularly called Tompolo, as ex-Niger Delta agitator who recently signed a contract with the federal government to protect the oil pipelines. Joining us to discuss this is Olufemi Lawson, his executive director, Center for Public Accountability. Thank you so much for joining us Mr. Lawson. Good. Let's start by the finger-pointing first and foremost. It seems the Navy is insisting that they did have authority to proceed with whatever the logistics were in taking the oil out of the country. Even though this private security company of government in Kemopolo, which is Tompolo's company, is insisting that there was no pass, there was no authorization by the downstream committee for them to carry this crude out of the country. Now I want to take you back to the campaign season, up until last year, December or I think November, the SDP presidential candidate, Prince Adebayo, had raised concerns about the oil theft in Nigeria and said, and I quote, that federal government was complicit. Is that where we are today? What we are seeing, you know, unfolding recently, clearly justifies a statement as such, as made by Prince Adebayo, and of course opinion of every other Nigerians, including the media and civil society, that the business of oil theft in the Niger Delta is not a business of the boys. It is not a business of the Jericam Chips. It is not a business of the local village boys in the creeks of the Niger Delta. It is an organized crime, guided by institutions that ordinarily should protect oil infrastructures in Nigeria. But unfortunately, the federal government has been looking the other way, chasing petty oil thieves and people who are involved in some form of small-scale burglary and leaving the main oil thieves alone to keep operating. If you actually know what it takes to put a vessel that can take about 10 tons of good oil on the waters in the creeks of the Niger Delta, then you know that you do not require the service of a magician to know that this is clearly an organized crime that has institutions of government been involved in it. And when you talk about the institutions of government, the Navy is a major institution that ordinarily, because of the nature of the service, should be in charge of the protection of our oil infrastructures in the country. Unfortunately, the country also came up with another institution that is the Niger Security and Civil Defence Corps, which has a constitutional statutory mandate of protecting critical national infrastructure, particularly the good oil pipeline where they bought. If you look at how the NCDC has been stifled over the years, particularly in the last few years, you understand that there are people somewhere who do not actually want people who can protect their national infrastructures to work so that they can continue the business of stealing. And for a country that is struggling economically like ours, today, Nigerians are going to be buying oil at about 600 naira. Salaries, a lot of states in Nigeria cannot pay salaries. A lot of national infrastructure projects have been abandoned because the country seemingly broke. But we have a very few people somewhere somehow exploiting the commonwealth of the people of Nigeria into their personal pocket, using the institutions of states, which ordinarily should be protecting these infrastructures. And that is where the role of the Navy came into play in this case. I'm so sorry. Before we go into the Navy, you just made a statement that, again, takes me back to Mr. President's latest address. He addressed the nation. I think it was last week talking about the situation of things and the removal of fuel subsidy. One of the first things that Mr. President did on the day that he was sworn in was to state that subsidy was gone. Now, for the average person, it sounded more like, well, this will put an end to the oil thefts, the problems that we're having in the oil and gas sector. Might I remind you that in a whole year, in a whole year, that's the past year, no monies were actually remitted into the coffers of the nation from oil, zero Naira. And 75 percent, according to statistics of our oil, is being illegally transported out of this country. The president did say that a small group of people are the ones who are responsible for the theft of oil in this country, even though he was shot of saying that these people, like you said, are using the instruments of state. So who are these people? Why is the government telling us instead of dealing with these people, if they know this group of people, if they know that these people are using the instruments of state? Why are they continuously telling us? Good luck, Jonathan, told us the same story. Former President Bahari told us the same story. Now our president is telling us the story. Why are they not dealing with this? As opposed to telling us, what are we supposed to do with this information? Well, I think the story is going to change with the current revelations. It is true that previous governments in Nigeria have failed. That is not contestable, because what has given birth to private security organizations like Tangita Security manning our oil infrastructure today is the failure of those institutions that should ordinarily protect our national, ordinarily we have no need engaging private security consultants to protect our national infrastructures. But because just like the president admitted, a very few people using the instrumentality of the state have hijacked the system to the extent that they now take away these resources, make money from it into their private pockets. And that is why I think what we have experienced in the last couple of weeks signifies that there may be a way out of this. Only a few weeks ago, one vessel was arrested with the help of the same private security firm Tangita Security Service, and the vessel was destroyed. Again, another vessel, not escorted by the Navy, but operated by other officers, according to the Tangita Security Service, have been arrested now. Now, it clearly tells you just like the president have said, that it is a business of the big man. People who ordinarily should protect infrastructures are now being engaged in sabotaging national economy. That means that there are revelations now and that steps have been taken. First, this will destroy, now second, this will arrest and detain. It means we may be on our way out of it, if the government can consistently support efforts that will ensure that more of these oil thieves are exposed and arrested. And beyond engaging private security firms to do this job, the national security institutions must be re-energized, must be restructured to the extent that they cannot do this job. Fantastic. The Nigerian military have been very good, the Army, the Navy, the Air Force. If there are elements within the Navy now, sabotaging the effort of government. What is needed is for the government to force these characters out, so that this system can work to the benefit of Nigeria. Like I said, if you look at the Nigeria Security Service and Civil Defence Fund, it has on a number of occasions arrested oil thieves. But when it arrests these oil thieves, you know, it does not take, that's the part to take them to God. In most cases, they are handed over to the U.S.C. or other prosecuting agencies. But where are those that have been arrested? How many of them are they sent to jail? How many of them who collaborated with officials who should not only be protected for such as have been exposed? So we need to encourage a system that will ensure that we begin to name and shame these thieves. And that is why personally is not so pleased by the fact that the NAVA authority said it is investigating this case. In this case, the NAVA authorities are on trial themselves. The Navy is on trial. It is going to require an independent, you know, inquiry to be considered by the federal government or possibly the Office of National Institute of Advisors to actually unravel the truth behind this latest arrest. It makes me question the 44 billion, if I'm not mistaken, contract that was given to a government to compolo. Yes, of course, he has 4 billion, I beg your pardon. He has somewhat delivered. But if these, his job is to protect the pipelines and then all he's doing is arrest people who have already stolen the crude. What does this say about his contract and his policing of these pipelines? Because again, I want to take you back to the fact that there was a special investigative panel on oil theft and losses and a report was submitted to the National Security Advisor at the time, Baba Ganamungunu. And they attributed, of course, what we're talking about here, to rack a tearing and lack of proper reporting of crude oil production and illegal refining. Now, again, Prince Adebayo had said that the kind of theft that we're experiencing in the oil sector is not something that some poor fire boys or some militants are capable of. It's high leveled. It's not something that, you know, it's not a few drums of oil. It's a high level of racketeering. Now, he did say, Baba Ganamungunu, and I want to quote him saying that during the assessment, the panel discovered several layers of involvement in illegal oil theft of crude oil and best efforts of the armed forces and other security agencies to combat the activities of oil theft. The panel also observed that crude oil losses arose from a lack of proper reporting of crude oil production, illegal refining, theft from wellheads and diversion from sophisticated pipelines. Again, I take you back to my previous question. If we have all of this information, why are we not going to the roots? Because these things are stated. They're in black and white. Many are talking about the political will. If we're talking about political will to deal with it, because you keep saying if government does this, if government does this, should we be talking about ifs or asking government to make sure that these things are done? Why is the political will to do this if government and their cronies allegedly have their hand also in the cookie jar? Well, you are very correct. And I will agree with you to the extent that there has never been the will to bring saboteurs to boo. And that is why despite a change in the administration of the country, these characters have continued in the business. And I think it is very unfortunate because until we begin to make an example of people who sabotage their national economy and interest who continue to have reports, even if you like bring the Navy, bring international security agents or the likes, who have reports of violent and other sabotage of national interest, just like the experience. But what I think the government must do differently this time is to show the readiness for transparency. And there can be no transparency when you begin to cover up people who have been found to have perpetrated crime against the country, not just against the administration. The theft of crude oil and every other sabotage experienced crime against Nigerians whose common words have been plundered by these very few insignificant, you know, mindless looters. So what do we have to do? And what I think must be done just like we are beginning to see being demonstrated by the new administration is the fact that there must be arrests at all times when there are cases or suspicion of theft. And processes of interrogating search and investigating search, experts must be transparent to the extent that Nigerians will see that the government is really serious about fighting this crime. And when such investigations are done, people must be prosecuted openly in the open courts so that it can serve as a deterrent to others who may be interested in doing taking time rounds. So clearly I agree with you in the past, the system has failed, government has failed, and why did government fail? If you look at the report in detail, you realize that a lot of persons in that tech, in this report, were people who were working for the government. And you cannot want to have this kind of character within the government and expect sanity or expect implementation of such reports that have exposed their crime. Thank you for leading me to my next question, interesting. Looking at the list of people that Mr. President has submitted to the floor of the National Assembly for ratification or, of course, claring, these are some people who have one way or the other been recycled. These are people who have been in government, who one way or the other might also have some things hanging over their head, especially issues of oil theft. And when you talk about the fact that these are the same people that have been fingered one way or another, with these people finding their way back into government, how will it be easy for the government of Tinnabu to deal with the said situation? Thank you very much. I think as Nigerians, we must not also only surrender our faith or how we want our country to become back into the hands of the president or these few people in the National Assembly, very correct. Oh, I'm so sorry. But these people came to us to ask for our vote, to work for us, to serve us. And so, of course, a chunk of the duties are in their hands. We cannot in any way look over them and say, oh, well, we can't leave everything to them. But that's their duty. They asked for the job. And their job is to make sure that things change. So I don't agree with you that we shouldn't just leave it to them. It's their job. Yes. But at every given time, at every given time, we must make them understand that they are servants of the people. We must stop elevating them above the people. We must make them understand that it is beyond their appointment. Even those who have used one means or the other to find their way into making the Federal Executive Council this or every other appointment in government, we must understand that it doesn't end there. We must, we have seen situations, situations in this country where the media have played critical role in exposing people who got into office using forged fake documents, who have pejorged in the past and even eight months after the appointment, they were removed from office. So we must continue to do the same to the extent that even if the President have wrongfully engaged anyone into the service of the government, we must sustain our demand for transparency and accountability to the extent that such cases are shown the way out of office even after they must have been appointed or when they are not performing the duties as suspected by Nigerians. So we must look at it beyond the fact that they have been appointed or screened or cleared by very few people to the extent that if it's about our destiny as Nigerians, I will must sustain the demand for transparency and accountability. You know civil society now because you see I was talking to a few people about how the place of civil society in Nigeria and many have said that civil society now goes to the highest bidder including our labour groups and I don't necessarily want to agree with that in totality but is there a reason why people think that civil society and labour are not doing their job or have jettisoned their responsibility because of bias or you know being bought over by the government in power? No I don't want to agree with people who hold such opinion. In every society, even among the disciples you know in the Christian religion and for our Lord Jesus Christ, there's 12 people and there was a Judas. So talk about you know issues that have to do with millions of people. In every society there will always be elements who can you know who are ready for trade, who are ready to compromise their conscience and their belief but in any way I don't want to agree that the labour of the society have been compromised. There are elements within every sector including the religious organizations that have been compromised. It happens in every society but still Nigeria still has a formidable labour movement. Nigeria still has a formidable civil society movement that is still living up to the expectation of you know monitoring and checking the excesses of government. And so for those who hold the opinion that because of the new order that the civil society is already bought, the labour is compromised, I'm not of that opinion, there are lots of civil society organizations, three fantastic works to ensure that this country is run in a transparent and accountable manner. There are a lot of people within the labour movement to be who are ready to sacrifice it all to ensure that the right welfare of the workers in Nigeria are protected. So people may hold their opinion but just have the general perception of who we are as Nigerians or who we are as labour leaders or civil society you know leaders. Shut term and long term because we can't keep talking about the problems and not seek solutions and I like to talk about what we can do in the interim while we wait for the long-term plans to mature. So in the short term let's start with that how do we deal with this situation because the more crude we lose the more money we're losing and the worse our economy becomes and we've seen that all prices have crashed and some what's tried to stabilize again our economy is facing the hardest hit downturn ever and you know of course we're being told every other day to tighten our belt until probably we no longer have what to tie the belts around. So what do we do in the interim? Moving forward the government must show its willingness to deal with this situation by ensuring that whoever is found culpable or being involved in a right term and every form of criminality is brought to go. This particular process has to be investigated to the extent that whoever has been found to have compromised the process is exposed. Number two government must invest in national security particularly those institutions that are empowered to protect our critical national infrastructures. I want to especially use this opportunity to appreciate the mayor and officers of the Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps they have been doing a lot of fantastic work as far as the protection of critical infrastructures the oil pipeline and despite their very limited you know capacity and resources and that is why you know the current leadership of the Corps you know was recommended. So government need to encourage institutions like this the civil defence you know another paramilitary and military organizations to the extent that the welfare of their personnel and training and everything is taken care of so that they will not be willing to compromise the work that they have been you know mandated to do. But what about what about the already compromised guys what about the guys who taste it money from ill-gotten wealth what happens to those people because interesting what about synergy across the boards for these security agencies because again I do remember at some point when Governor Wike raised former Governor Wike raised the alarm about you know security agencies being in cahoots with these all thefts all thieves I beg your pardon he mostly fingered the NSCDC and of course the Naval Police and this is not news per se of course because the Navy is now involved in this in Broglio but then as much as you applaud the NSCDC and you know say that they're doing their best how do we get a synergy of sorts among all of these security agencies at least for between the ones who maybe have not necessarily tested the monies from these ill-gotten wealth but how do we make sure that that happens so that there's you know some form of joint efforts to make sure that we put an end to this dastardly act yeah thank you very much the best way out of this is to ensure that these agencies work together towards achieving one's objective of protecting our national infrastructures particularly preventing oil change in the most circumstances we find these organizations working across purpose never going one direction the you know the even in this same Niger that they say there's a joint past forms of pricing of the civil difference the Navy the you know but those ones are working in another direction so government must ensure that these agencies are brought together to work together and you know specific mandates are given to those institutions that have primary responsibilities like the civil defense like the Navy why they are being supported by other you know organizations like the Army you know the Air Force when needed the police when necessary so that they work together pursuing the same objective so that we don't find JTF working in one direction civil defense working the other direction Navy working on the other direction so the government must ensure that they come together to work in the overall interest of the society and that is one way we can meet this spirituality in the board all right well Ulufa Milas and is the Executive Director Center for Public Accountability always a pleasure to have you here advocating for stuff like this thank you so much for speaking with us all right well we'll take a quick break when we return we'll be discussing the rifts between the ados state governor and his deputy and all that's been happening stay with us