Welcome to the third in a series of webinars on reclamation. I want to welcome you on behalf of the committee members. Miranda Meehan from NDSU. Brenda Schladweiler with BKS over in Wyoming. Natalie West with the IRS in Sydney and Carl Rockman with Department of Air and Mental Quality. We appreciate you joining us in this different format. Hopefully next year we'll be able to sit together and meet again in person and have coffee and visit. But thank you for making this technology work. And I appreciate those of you that are able to join in this format that otherwise wouldn't be able to attend in person. So I invite you to join us again next week at the same time, same place for a webinar on using technology to enhance reclamation. A couple of housekeeping details that you can see on your screen. If your screen isn't as cluttered as mine that is. If you have questions, there's a Q&A box. We ask that you put them in there. But we do ask that you post to the chat. I understand that you can't see the participants. So the only way for you to know who's out there is post to the chats. We welcome you to go ahead and do that now just so that we know who's out there and your fellow peers know who's out there as well. I'll let you know that this session is being recorded. And that recording is available on the ND reclamation website. Just type in ND reclamation or the address is or will be put in the chat room as well. Miranda Meehan will be monitoring the Q&A and she'll come in when appropriate to do that. I think Carl Rockman will probably be helping her as well. So if you have questions, please put those in the Q&A. So with that, let's go ahead and move to our next slide and we'll introduce our speakers for today. Our speakers today are Sam Crote. Sam is a graduate of NDSU and holds a master's degree in soil science. She now works as a soil scientist for Stealth Energy up in Williston. Her main focus is produced water and hydrocarbon spill remediation, well pad and pipeline reclamation and a suite of other environmental services. Also with Sam today is Harold Rhodes. Harold's work in the public works and civil construction has provided the opportunity to produce, to participate in dynamic diverse projects throughout the United States and Hawaii. Sometimes I bet he still wishes it in Hawaii. His career is now dedicated to responsible environmental remediation, reclamation and restoration within the energy sector, combining decades of experience with today's generation of extraordinarily talented soil and environmental scientists. Thanks Harold. Today's presentation is a summary of the innovative approaches Summit, midstream and Stealth Energy Group have taken to reclaim oil and gas related soil disturbances such as contamination and soil disturbances such as pipeline construction. With that, we'll let Sam go ahead and start. Again, if you have questions, please put those in the Q&A and if you haven't already, please post to the chat so we can see who's out there. Sam. Perfect, thank you Toby. Hi everyone and happy St. Patrick's Day. Thanks for tuning in with Harold and I. Like Toby mentioned, my name is Sam Crote and I am a soil scientist with Stealth Energy Group out of my focus mainly on oil field remediation and reclamation and I'm here today with Harold. Yeah, my name is Harold Rhodes. I work with Summit midstream. They're environmental remediation manager. That role primarily supports all of our facility and response. Measures and plans as well as right away reclamation and maintenance. And today Harold and I are going to touch on a few new kind of out of the box, innovative ideas and approaches to reclamation. You know, focus on those methods other than the conventional dig and haul method. So before we dive in too far, I just want to define what I call the Rs of reclamation. So I'm guilty of using these terms interchangeably, but they actually do have slightly different definitions. The most common three are reclamation, remediation and restoration. Reclamation is the construction or reconstruction of soil and plant communities after a disturbance. They may not be returned to the exact condition of predisturbance, but it permits that land that was degraded to function adequately in the ecosystem that it is a part of. Remediation is the next one. And this falls underneath reclamation. So we need to make sure that we don't have to have to create reclamation. So to achieve reclamation, sometimes we need to reclaim, right? So most commonly used in spills, we remove contaminants from the soil to protect the health and population of the environment. So return to a natural pollution free state. And then we have restoration, which is the return of degraded sites to the exact condition that it was prior to its disturbance. So like reclamation kind of on steroids, it's going back to exactly what it was, and reclamation is making it better than it was when it was disturbed. So like I said, a note to think about is remediation falls under that reclamation umbrella. And revegetation and rehabilitation are also some R words that are thrown around, but revegetation is just the vegetation phase of reclamation and rehabilitation can be used synonymously with reclamation. So as Harold and I were putting this presentation together, we were sorting through all of the details and looking at all the different projects and new methods, ideas that we've used and attempted in the past years and a little bit of a theme became apparent to us. We created this conceptual equation, equation, if you will. It includes the main variables and components needed for reclamation. How you approach them and how much effort you put into each one can really dictate your short and long-term reclamation success. So we'll go further into detail on each bullet point or component of the equation listed here, but briefly we have a challenge on the side of the problem that we have. We have experience. We look at our past experiences. Site characterization and delineation, proving your equation, amendments and vegetation and then flexibility. And theoretically none of these work without the other ones implied. So here's another schematic of the equation. And I want you all to remember and just to note this is a new idea for us. This is kind of just how it fell together for us and it is conceptual. We included the main points that go through our heads when we approach a reclamation project. It's not perfect. And as we go through examples, we want to hear the different variables that maybe we're missing or we're not targeting hard enough so we can improve this equation. In addition, there's lots of ways this is going to work. So we're going to go through the same multiplication, division, addition. So forgive us if there's any mathematical issues, but that should be taken up with neither herald or I because we are not mathematicians. So we'll just go through the letters again. We have experience, site characterization, delineation, amendments and vegetation. Recovery is more specific to if we have more hydrocarbons. The quicker you get to recover that pool, their standing liquid, the quicker your reclamation is going to be. So let me stop here for just a second. Just to emphasize what Sam's last comment there was. The difficulties we encounter during reclamation are so intricately tied to our response time that these problems can actually be magnified exponentially as time goes on. So her thoughts there as far as response timing, absolutely critical. I think time and again we've seen that being just one of the most important variables that we encounter, although we didn't include it in our equation this year. Right, it's still a work in progress. So then we have flexibility which is put as an exponent or the equation is put to the power of flexibility. It's kind of a blanket and all of these should be thought of with a flexible mind when we're thinking about it. So all of these put together equal successful reclamation. So moving on with the equation, first we have our challenge, right? So we always start with a problem and that's what we're doing. With the challenge, we have the challenge on the top and our goal on the bottom. So we have our spill and what we want. We want to make that land back to its natural state or better. Yeah, I agree with that Sam too. And that challenge, that's a non-optional path. But at that point, that's what mobilizes our activity. And it's not so much what we do, but more importantly, I think within the environmental, within the reclamation and remediation community, that is literally why we do it because we have accepted that challenge. So the next point is experience. So this takes what we've done in the past, what has worked and what hasn't. So did what we used on our last reclamation project, is that going to apply specifically to our next one? Probably not. Were there some major hiccups before when we tried this? Well, let's work those out and take that experience, reevaluate and learn from it. And that experience is huge. We naturally do it every day, but I challenge you all to take what you did on your last project and improve it through every future one. So we'll start with a couple of examples of applying our past experiences. So picture yourself walking up to a spill that looks like this. A pipeline strike that release produce water into a water drainage or wetland area. So our past experiences tell us that reclaiming wetlands after a disturbance is extremely difficult. So while trying to avoid even more disturbance with a dig and hole method and thinking about previous methods we've used with applying amendments and pumping water and using water recovery like tile drainage, we take all those ideas and we modify them to this scenario and we implement it. And with that, we had great success. You can see on the right. The left is, you know, when we first approached it and the right is after our reclamation was complete and the results are amazing. Yeah, that is an absolutely perfect example, Sam. I think that our experience helps us to better identify potential risks and it also provides that the potential paths forward that literally became part of the solution. And that project in particular was an example of that. So we have another example. Again, we have a spill that Harold is notified of. Stealth responds with him and this is what we see on the left-hand side. It may not look very spilly, but our minds are moving 100 miles per hour. You know, there's a lot of frantic emotions going out, but we walk ourselves through these equations and really the first thing our mind goes to is, what have we done before that will work here? So we hear our previous experience tells us that, you know, we're adjacent to a body of water and amendments was on the table for applying to this spill. And we need to take into consideration the body of water and our amendments and how they're going to mix, do they mix, can they mix? So whether that be diversions or picking a different a nitrate versus, you know, a sulfate sort of amendment to prevent future issues in that water body. So it just needs to be studied closely. Rates needed to be adjusted and you just need to think about all the things you've done in the past. Our next component is site characterization and delineation, which is arguably the most critical component in this equation. For those of you that participated in the Reclamation Conference last year, Dr. Tom DeSutter really drove the message of delineation home and Harold and I this year really focused on our personal delineation methods and processes just as past year have seen our success rates you know, skyrocket just because we took the time to do the proper investigations and delineations and they paid off in the end, not only with a better reclamation but more cost effective, which you know it really comes down to that. Yeah, Sam is absolutely right there. Following last year's conference, you know we literally did tear apart everything we had related to how we historically viewed site characterization and delineation and identified what problems were presented at the field level, you know, how we could make them better. And it was a top to bottom review from the available field parameters to the various methods we used, what different meters and equipment were available, how do we format this on a field sheet? You know, I think obviously that our field delineation will continue to improve as we move forward but like Sam says, we can already see how this is, how it is enhanced and allowed our responses to become that much more predictable. Yeah, absolutely. It's really like any project too. You go back to the basics of just making sure that you're prepared and you have all the information.  So a little more on site characterization. Here's a nice quote from Maryweather Lewis as he was doing some of his own characterization as he was exploring. You know, he's looking at how tall that the banks are, what color it is. There's mud, there's salt. You know, it's something we do all the time, just taking the time to note them and interpret them really. So, you know, we have for characterization, we look at soil types. We have the soil survey database to use in certain instances. Landowners are huge. They know what's there. They've been around for years. They're a really good resource that you can just ask those questions to. The DEQ has a lot of information on, you know, the oil and gas side of things along with the NDIC. When well pads were drilled, you know, what they did to build it, when they built it. And the DEQ is a resource with tons of extension work and they've done research and have recommendations for almost everything. For the delineation, you know, we use visual observations. Does it look contaminated or not? Is there oil there? Is it saturated? Field screening, we look at soil types, conductivities. We use PIDs and FIDs. We use the PIDs and FIDs and FIDs. We also do the sewerization detection for hydrocarbons and QANTABS for chlorides. We do a suite of things and all of this kind of puts our plan together. And when we're doing all those things, we need to take a holistic approach or keep in the back of our mind that soils are broken up into these make up or affect our soil health, which then affects our yield, productivity, or reclamation, which is our overall goal. When we have a produced water or hydrocarbon release, these items in bolded red are what first come to mind of being impacted by the contamination. So conductivity and sodium, obvious for produced water on the chemical side. Microbial and fungal pools, they have toxicities levels against produced water. Carbon turnover itself, if you have hydrocarbon introduced in. So physically, your bulk density can be affected by what method you choose.  You need to think about that before you start a reclamation, are you gonna have a compaction issue later on? So just to make sure you cover all your bases before, and of course, all of these apply to a water release as well. So now Harold will go a little bit more in depth on our delineation methods and processes. Thanks, Sam. Just once again on our site characterization and delineation, we have realized now that it is absolutely key in in our understanding of the particular challenge we may face from site to site. Ideally, a lot of this understanding, some of the available tools that we have with our disposal is gonna be established prior to pulling up on site, such as can you navigate the U.S. community in our C.S. soil survey site? Have you spent literally countless hours on NDSU's soil science website? Do you and can you reference material off of the new surface of groundwater data regarding the lake stream? Can you pull up topographical map? Can you identify endangered and threatened species on the internet? All of those aspects of it, once you're familiar with the various providers and realize that all of it is available publicly, it really does become a useful resource and absolutely invaluable resource. Much of this, we're right now in the process of incorporating this into our system web maps where a lot of this information is now gonna be available as a layer. So that rather than happen to navigate multiple different websites, we'll literally be able to just turn on or off a layer. It isn't so much that we need to have the entire ecosystem of Northern Great Plains committed to memory. Although if you do have the geology and ecology of the entire Northern Great Plains committed to memory, I would love to talk to you. And if somebody can forward my phone number, whatever, I greatly appreciate it. But anyhow, my point here is that knowing those various resources that we have literally on our fingertips has proven invaluable. Once we have a functional understanding of where we are on the map, I think that field delineation will prove much more useful. It literally has proven to be much more useful. Sam mentioned earlier that delineation was discussed at last year's Reclamation Conference and that really struck a note on how we can improve our response. And from a operator or a producer's perspective, that is something that we always want to look at. Identifying the reliable field parameter conductivity, pH, chloride, PDF, as well as understanding how various visual indicators, whether that be vegetation, stress, scaling, screen care, does the stream have a portion of this creek or drainage to where water isn't present, but a couple hundred feet on either side, there is water present. Does that potentially indicate that that's a gaining or a losing area on the screen? All of that information from a delineation standpoint is absolutely critical in us being able to deploy not only the appropriate control measures or response, but to ultimately be successful in our response. I think that each project is unique and that delineation is absolutely key in getting off on the right foot. I just absolutely believe that. I think over the last year, we're absolutely starting to see that. The approving your equation, going back to our Reclamation as an equation concept is something we must do. We must know the challenge. We must remember or recall or access our past experience and understanding. This literally isn't our first rodeo. We aren't doing this for the first time. And we must always work to accurately characterize this. Have we identified our critical receptors? Have we delineated our impact? Have we placed the right resources and the right people most importantly in the right place? I think after that, we can begin to prove the equation. We can verify our plan. We've studied, we've planned, we've trained and now we actually have that opportunity, that obligation to execute. You know, and I don't want to sound like where success is going to come right away. For the first few hours, maybe a day or two, things are gonna go smoothly. But as we continue to delineate, as we continue to gather additional background and information, we will have to adjust. Our response will adjust. But I think that's the nature, but I believe that it's fluid throughout the duration of the project. I think each benefit passes, there's fewer and fewer of those unknowns. I think more and more is brought into clarity. And I think that we will continue to adjust, ideally bending rather than breaking. But that literally is the key in maintaining that response flexibility, not allowing or rather not creating a box where we don't have any other options, where we don't have any alternatives, where we fail to communicate what we need and what our path forward potentially can entail. I think at the end of the day, we're gonna have better information. I don't know if it's gonna be the information that we want, but I do know that at the end of the day, we're gonna have another opportunity tomorrow. And I don't wanna wax poetic on this much, but that literally is, we're gonna have really, really rough days, but we're gonna have another opportunity to learn from it and move on tomorrow. I think, yeah, you were spot on Harold, in a nutshell, the proving of our equation is really putting a work plan together and taking everything and executing your plan. And just making sure we have everything in line before we go. Absolutely, Sam. I think that no matter what we do, success is subjective, specifically in our field. We can look back at projects in 2015, and I believe it was successful, but there was room for improvement. We can look back at projects then in 2017. Oddly enough, once again, we were overall successful, but there was even more room for improvement. That condition has continued each year. Unfortunately, I'm not necessarily getting better. We're literally becoming aware of more and more things that we potentially could improve on, which is good. I think it's good that we try to be our own most effective critic. Understanding what has worked in the past is important, but it's critical that we understand what that function actually was. I think that is key to being able to address the physical and chemical, the biological issues that may have been created, whether it be in soil or water, based on how we've delineated a specific impact. As far as amendments and number one, North Dakota Remediation Resource Manual, if everybody hasn't reviewed that, that is really a wonderful resource. On some of the more commonly used amendments and how they potentially could be applicable, of course, calcium sulfate, calcium nitrate, some of the microbial amendments that can be used in relation to hydrocarbons, aeration and volatilization, that's a little bit newer. And then the SA-1000, I'll put it in one slide. But I'm sure everybody already has kind of looked at that remediation resource map, and it does provide a lot of practical information. Well, when we look at amendments, we look at not only the standard use or application, but also how them potentially could be utilized to enhance other research activity. Calcium sulfate or calcium nitrate, for example, each are effective when using that industry standard or common application. Well, we've also found that we can utilize these various amendments to increase our mass recovery. If we are looking at shallow groundwater or perched groundwater, calcium nitrate in a similar manner to mitigate that surface soil absorption and enhance our recovery of that produced water impact. Few slides earlier, when we were looking at one of the projects, that was actually one of the methods that we utilize there, combining our calcium nitrate with a really dense surface recovery system, really proved effective. If I'm being honest, I haven't seen any benefit to the SA-1000. The SA-1000 is a produced water amendment, but the process or the thought behind it, I absolutely find fascinating. I think the possibility of being able to potentially precipitate out those potential produced water impacts into a non-soluble form could be extraordinarily beneficial in mitigating impact. I think it's just really fascinating. I kind of regret putting that on there, but what they are trying to do and that path forward is well, like I say, absolutely fast. I'll even add to that, we do a lot of bench tests and field tests at our job trailers. So if anybody who wants to borrow any kaitusan, alginate, we've got ground corals, whatever they potentially may need to try and experiment, we have literally got a little bit of everything in America. Although we didn't include it here, but depending on what remediation process being utilized, enhancing hydraulic conductivity around our recovery system and also something that's feasibly possible right now. And that's simply by using sand. And when I say to enhance or increase hydraulic conductivity, we would rather or ideally have one control point or recovery location that actually could potentially affect or effectively remediate a much larger area. And I think enhancing our hydraulic conductivity, simply using sand in this case is one of the methods that I think it's proven very, very effective. Similar to some of the amendments available for produced water impacts, I think you see similar things with the hydrocarbon impacts primarily focusing on the introduction of various microbial populations, combining that with sufficient aeration and additional organics and moisture being key. We done a project two years ago, began a project two years ago, completed last year where it is absolutely feasible that we can use microbial communities to effectively remediate hydrocarbon impact as well. That vegetation or rather our desired plant community is also one of the things that's critical during that initial delineation, what species are present and potentially what species based upon our experience could actually be beneficial to that remediation for that period of time. So this is one of the things that I'm really fascinated about. So in the slide on the top is a plant community dominated by lamb's quarter. Of course, the photograph from the bottom is the desired or ideal plant community and that was the following year. One of the things that we found interesting about lamb's quarter specifically is that a lot of the negative competition that say for example, Koshia exerts on the plant, the other members of that plant community, we didn't see that with the lamb's quarter. But in their natural environment, plants thrive in specialized communities. They compete both directly and indirectly for the natural resources, for nutrient. And oftentimes these plant communities exist and thrive in very localized areas. The reaction between these plant communities is literally the foundation of nature's naturally occurring recovery systems and our ecosystem's property. And in regards to reclamation, it literally is the dominant recovery process. We've identified various species, like I mentioned, the lamb's quarter and we are working with Kingwa over the last several years and they've worked to identify how these species actually participate within the larger plant community and how they can potentially drive or guide succession within that plant community. And I think that species choice, whether for remediation, restoration, or even right-wing stabilization, short-term versus long-term, I think there's an extraordinary amount of opportunities and understanding that could be gained as we look at some of these various species and plants. The slide, so this is the last part of our equation. Like I mentioned, when we had that schematic, flexibility is to the power of the equation. So every part of the equation should be thought of with some sort of flexibility. So when you're thinking about proving your equation and what method you're gonna use, the amendments and vegetation, think of a new species that isn't planted all the time. That's very salt tolerant. Maybe it's grown in Canada. Think of something new and creative to do. Many, many years, reclamation has been approached the same way. We do the diggin' hall. So when curves are thrown at us and when we get these new projects, we need to adjust quickly. We need to think out of the box. We have our conventional response of the diggin' hall, of course. Easy, right? We dig out the contamination and we bring the clean back in. But we have some limitations there where we're limited on resources like topsoil, especially in North Dakota. Disposals can meet their capacity. They can be expensive. So we have other ways. And for example, here on the left-hand side, we have an electro-kinetic system. It's not used to solve every problem, but in the right situation, it can be a non-destructive way of remediation, therefore reclamation. And don't get me wrong, there are times when diggin' hall is the best option. For example, if we have a pipeline strike during a very time-sensitive road construction project, is diggin' hall the best method in big emergencies, it needs to be done. But that doesn't mean we didn't think about our equation. We didn't think about new things to do, or if we could make this into a little experiment. We thought about vegetation. We thought about soil types. And that was the option that we have to go with. Amendments and vegetation just didn't fit the suit. So that when we look at the available resources, when are they available? What is available? Do we carry an inventory? Are there different options? You really need to take a look at what types of materials, what type of products, resources are needed to adequately respond. And I think that's really been critical for us in our response now is that we've with time identified some of these critical products, resources, skill sets to where we have them available. That's been really, really beneficial. One other option is that you can't box yourself in. So if that means you literally go out and swath and bale the kosher dominant straw that the farmers or your landowners don't want to bale, that's just something you do and that actually works out well. You know, I think the thought or concept of getting a bigger toolbox, that's literally something we should all be working on. We all want to learn something new every day. And we want to have a ability, a method, a process to be able to store that knowledge. You know, I love toolboxes. I would love a bigger toolbox. Maybe I would just like to have two smaller ones but more toolboxes, it's critical. So what are we doing now? Present day in the field, we are applying and solving the equation. So this is where I want to kind of switch gears in the presentation. We're going to walk you through some real life examples of projects that we do. So while we do so, I just want you guys to pick up on the variables and the components of the equation that we focus on in each example. So this would be regarding our surface water controls. A surface water control dam, whether that be to prevent or inhibit potential impacts from migrating downstream or in the instance of the picture to the right and the one on the bottom to actually be able to adjust or create additional hydraulic head within the strain to inhibit or mitigate potential connections to impacted groundwater is absolutely critical. You know, but our thought over the last couple of years is that converting these historically unsightly control measures into something that's more environmentally friendly, more environmentally sound has literally enhanced our habitat on some of these areas. Whether that be enhancements within the diversity of the species that we now see or actual historical uses now or new uses. And we've been able to accomplish that by literally still providing the primary function of those surface water control dams in the beginning. This is another area when we look back at how that historical surface water control dam was and that it's literally critical to have in some places. We recognized that the disturbance created with a conventional control dam was sometimes more difficult to restore than the actual response itself. So what we looked at last spring was being able to develop some sort of surface water control dam that a guy could literally put on the back of his shoulder in the back of the side by side and take out to a water body and actually deploy it in the field that would have little to virtually no impact to the surrounding habitat or soils and could be easily picked back up when it's need or purpose that actually being completed. And that's kind of our work there with these temporary surface water control dams is we always need to reduce or mitigate what our footprint and activity helps to create. I think that goes to this slide here. As we look at the various different activities through some of that later activity related to delineation through the installation of our active control measures, looking at how that work was actually completed and where we could actually improve in it. This was the concept that we came up with that these are the various tasks that we need to be able to achieve. And we literally started from zero and figured out how we could actually do it. Right, and this is just a geo probe tool that is used to take soil cores and it helps with our delineation. So we can punch multiple cores down to X number of feet, five, 10 feet, and that's one thing that it can do. It can install EK systems, monitoring wells, air sparging. A lot of these things, these methods have a story behind them and we can go into detail all day about them but you can also just call us later. But it's just using tools like these that can help us with attacking reclamation better. And here's another example of it. Yeah, and this is actually, the earlier slide would actually be the concept, the small inset photograph to the left, that is actually our first model. Could we do this? Would it help? Could we actually save time? The system on the skid steering, not so much time saving. We had a gas generator that ran a worn winch that pulled an electric camera up and down but the concept was sound, it actually worked. We went through and designed and fabricated now the rig that you can see on the right and it is effective. It's on a quick attach, we can attach it to a skid steering if we want, it can be attached to a excavator if need be. It can, as Sam said, we can go through with the initial delineation, grab samples, geo-probe, the installation of any of all of our infrastructure, infiltration, air sparging, it is really slick. And it does it all with a virtually, or not virtually, it does all of that activity while significantly minimizing our impact onto the surrounding soils. We don't wanna tear up so much ground that we literally create a bigger problem just responding to the initial incident. I love that. So on that, when we, from a producer or a operator standpoint, look to try and define what a successful project is, I think it's really difficult. I think each project is unique. I think that each landowner you deal with is going to have unique needs and concerns. And at the end of the day that we can't group it all together. We can't say that our success of this reclamation project is gonna be based, say, for example, on 70% vegetation cover. Although that 70% vegetation cover is a critical milestone. But we have to go back to the definition of reclamation and there'll be a moment where I think during that process, we've actually created a better environment than potentially was there before. And I think that can be communicated as success. That is something that regardless of who we are interacting with, primarily it's our landowners, we can point to those concrete moments. And I think it helps the project to be successful. This is why we do what we do. The picture on the top is immediately following our initial response within a few weeks. The photograph in this bottom is taken from the same area of that same response. It is the reason that anyone that's chosen either the environmental or reclamation field as they're calling or accepted it as they're calling. This is literally what we do. And I love this quote. In a moment of decision, the best thing you can do is the right thing to do. The next best thing is the wrong thing. And the worst thing is you can do nothing at all. That is key. I often times if we've had the same conversation on countless times is sometimes we can get so hung up with not doing anything wrong that there literally isn't enough time left in the day to do anything right. And we have to balance that. We have to continue pushing forward but doing it responsibly. This is a project up north of Stanley. This is the bio remediation. This is in reference. This was a field scale pilot test we done. We had two HDPE lined containments. We created a drainage system around them and we remediated approximately 800 cubic yards of hydrocarbon impacted soil. My takeaway is land farming absolutely is a positive for the environment, for the industry. I am absolutely certain that we can remediate impacted soils. I think that in doing so that we can create soils that would be suitable for use as top soils in different uses within the industry. And that could solve a huge problem. But I think we do need additional work to identify potential risks associated with land farming. I think we need to have a better understanding of where land farming potentially would fit in from a regulatory standpoint. I think following this project which was completed last year, I do have a question and maybe somebody can answer it in the comments. What role does or potentially could sublimation have on the remediation of hydrocarbon impacted soils? And what I'm talking about specifically is what happens when that soil freezes? I do know something happens because we've literally tested that and it's been on three occasions in all of our bench tests. But kind of curious field. All right, thanks Harold. So Harold and I don't just focus on produced water and hydrocarbon contamination every day. Actually, these projects moving forward are taking place in Ohio and West Virginia where they have a large gas field presence. And their pipeline installation does not look anything like Mark Dakota's pipeline installation. They have construction on very extreme slopes and they have rock parent materials. And you can see this kind of outcrop of rock down in your left-hand corner and they have the water drainage issues. So soil slips is what you see on the left here is what happens when that water is infiltrating into the soil and hitting that rock. And then it just travels along that rock face and brings all the soil with it. And it slips down slope with no help from gravity pulling it down. They come in all shapes of sizes and you can see on the right-hand side how these slips are literally bandated together when the construction is done. The matting looks like band-aids. There's no root systems to anchor that soil down to prevent slippage. It's just a blanket on top of the surface. So without the proper process in applying this equation in some way, shape, or form the photo on the left is what you can end up with. You can end up with a soil slip and you're starting construction over again. So to repair some of these slips this is a more small-scale one. You can see on the bottom and the middle is our slip. It just slipped down towards that creek bottom and we used something similar to a retaining wall. We used tile drainage to manage the water that's traveling around that rock face underneath so it would have somewhere to go laterally.  In addition to that, we used, on the top right we took little transplants or plugs from the right of way that was already established and put it into the rock face. So we're establishing roots to be anchors. That's huge for us here in the Appalachian range. And on the left-hand side you can see an example of reclamation taking a lot of effort. We literally loaded up wagons and sleds of these rocks and shuttled them down this hill hundreds of yards to minimize disturbance. You don't always need the big dozers and excavators. There's a way around that sometimes to get this job done. Just like the anchoring of the rooting system with the grasses it applies even better with trees and shrubs. So we have these small-scale slips. You can see the separation from where they begin, where that bare soil faces, and they just kind of slip down a little bit. But instead of bringing in big equipment and moving that soil back up, it's not to that point quite yet. And we try to catch it by anchoring it with these roots. So we have elderberry, buttonbush, some willow trees, anything native to that area with good and high water utilization, deep penetrating roots, and they don't grow so high that we don't have large oak trees growing on top of them right away. But yeah, that's kind of a cool little thing we did. And we actually, towards the end of the summer, decided to take some of our own cuttings and transplants and we built a greenhouse right next to an oil and gas office, which is slightly unheard of, an oil and gas company saying, hey, go build a greenhouse for some reclamation work. So it was really cool that Summit let us do that. And we were just kind of monitoring and experimenting with the root systems, which ones established quickly. And we used all sorts of things from berries to rosebushes, anything we could find on the right-of-way to see if things took off. And we'll just kind of, we'll play with that in the next growing season out on the right-of-way. On the left-hand side in the greenhouse, we have species like crown vetch, which is something a lot of people, especially out there, stay away from. It's invasive, but it's actually in their recommended stabilization mixes. So that's again, thinking outside of the box with your vegetation. It may be invasive, but you come to those agreements where is it more important to stabilize this mountainside where you could have a detrimental slip that breaks a pipeline and then we have a bigger issue. So there's a lot of different moving parts and it's a very complex situation. And Harold can go into detail about this other larger slip that we did. So yeah, that's what we were looking at. We went out early last spring and looked at some of these historical issues that unfortunately are systemic within a lot of these right-of-ways to try and identify what was happening, what were some of the key factors actually involved in the creation of them and what potential methods could be used to restore some of these areas. Like Sam mentioned, trying to utilize vegetation in several of these areas where we are making that transition from what historically had been a wooded environment to something that now is going to be a grass. It was absolutely critical that we looked at vegetation or made that effort to utilize vegetation that and somehow mimic some of the structure that had been in that soil prior to the right-of-way coming through. In addition to that, there were still issues or areas to where we needed to look at a more civil or excavation and backfill approach. And one of the things that we've done differently this year is we actually brought in a design team and had them create repair options, various repair options for this specific slip that you can see on the slide. What that enables us to do is that our contractor now had the opportunity to actually reference something. We actually went in addition to that as far as having an engineer design actually went through and brought out soil sampling so that we could see exactly how compaction is achieved. And I think the benefits of that on this specific project and I think Sam has another slide of it, we're actually extraordinary. We've worked on that slope for the last four years. And this year has really been successful. The work that the crews done in the field, the flexibility we had with the design team, I think it's gonna play benefits moving forward not only in this location, but on how we view and some of these similar conditions throughout our system. Yeah, like Harold said, this is the third time trying to reclaim the site with $4 million spent on it. And it's just the same cookie cutter solution of putting that soil back and you can see blanket and stilt fence and a mess on the left-hand side. There's concrete barriers there to hold things up. And that being the third time, it's obviously not working. The middle photo was taken in September of this year after we finished with our series of benches and tile drainage, making a good foundation for that with the engineered approach. And on the right-hand side is one month later, I believe, after hydro seating. So that vegetation is insane, the amount that's covered and it looks so much better. And the most recent reclamation that we conducted was actually the most cost-effective. So if you put in the days of walking up and down those slopes, getting your cardio in and taking samples and looking at rock depth and doing your delineation, you can get the bang for your buck. I mean, that's essentially what happened here. Yeah, that is absolutely phenomenal. Yeah, and then this slide just goes back to, Harold and I have been researching vegetation on the East Coast and the Midwest and Colorado and just trying to find some new and innovative species and ideas. And he found a good article about cutting down trees and you guys can read this on your own time if you'd like, but stripping a bunch of trees that have been here for years, it affects the ecosystem, not just the above ground, but things below ground and then you affect the below ground and it's just like a cycle. And just the last bullet point is dropping seeds from a tree planting drone isn't gonna fix the problem. These things aren't just cosmetic on the surface. They're pretty complex and putting nature back into it is how we attack these. And I think developing your contractor base, Harold, he excels at this, he knows who he likes to use and what resources he likes to use. Harold, do you have anything on that? Yeah, I think that's another really key component of it is not only having a broad contractor base, but having a contractor base that works so well together. And I think over time, that's how it's developed. I think that the individuals within the contractor group that we routinely draw from recognize not only their strengths, but they've come to respect the skills and the strengths of others. I think oftentimes we'll look at that and from an operator standpoint, there can be pressure to find that one-stop shop, that single source provider. And that really is difficult in this day and age to find the environmental sciences expertise, to find the microbial guys with DNA baron R&R or the microbial fanaticism that Mark Simbock with BioLensis has. It really is interesting. And at the end of the day, the success, if any, that we've had is literally a result of these guys have been absolutely dedicated to what they do. And it's appreciated from an operator's standpoint. So I guess our main take home is delineation. Again, just like last year, I think we're trying to drive that home. Being flexible with your options and thinking of new and innovative, creative ideas and avoiding that dig and haul method at all costs. If you see an opportunity, take it and take it and run with something different. So I know we've reached, we've gone past our time, but we appreciate you sticking around and hope that this was somewhat interesting for you, seeing some new things and you can take some questions now. Unless Harold has anything final to say. No, no. Sam and Harold, we do appreciate you, appreciate your time and your expertise and sharing that with us. I think Miranda has a question of the Q&A section, Miranda? Yeah, we have a few questions. The first one is, at the beginning, you talked about experience and a lot of it only gets handed down verbally within a company or workplace or at a workshop conference such as this event. If you're lucky to get chosen to speak, is there a place where successful stories can be placed, written in photograph format for other people with similar problems to see? So I think that's maybe more of a vague question, but what are your guys' thoughts on something like that? That's a really good question, because I'll admit that a lot of my experience has come from Todd and Shane and Shiloh at Stealth Energy. I learn from them every day out on the construction side of things. So I guess one thing, it might be kind of weird, but LinkedIn or social media, different websites, you kind of just people post their new ideas that they're doing, I know we do. So I find new things on there every day, like, oh, hey, that's kind of cool. How could that be incorporated into ours? They post pictures and videos and articles. So that's one suggestion I have. Another question related to that equation is, can it include a reiteration of that second half of the equation? So we have multiple stages of revegetation, multiple stages of amendments, et cetera. And I think you guys touched on that with some of your case studies at the end, but if you wanna expand. Yeah, absolutely. That short-term versus long-term, that is absolutely what's gonna happen. And trying to be able to conceptualize or visualize it, although I love the equation concept, that trying to actually create a figure that encompassed what that would actually look like. I don't know if my monitor's widened. But yeah, you're absolutely right. When you look at it, the short-term versus long-term decision-making process, specifically related to vegetation, how that changes and evolves, that's absolutely a critical fact. This one's for Harold and Will. Oh, Sam, do you have something to add? No, no. Okay. What are the costs per cubic yard for land farming petroleum contaminated soils? So right now on the project for middle cottonwood, we set an initial budget target of $78 per cubic yard. If we can keep the actual land farm location immediately adjacent to potentially these impacted soils, which raises a lot of other questions that I don't have good answers for, I believe that we could significantly reduce that and potentially reduce that even further down to a less than 50 mark. And the benefit or the caveat here is, I believe that our remediated product is now literally topsoil. So it actually has a value too. Now, I haven't had a conversation just for full disclosure here with a landowner actually requesting, well, even with the state requesting to reuse these impacted soils, but I believe the potential's there. Thank you, Harold. Did you incorporate or consider biological inoculates into the slope reclamation or to reintroduce any beneficial microbial species such as the fungal species you referenced? Not on the saltwater side. Other than I think that is a potential component of the SA-1000, but we haven't began last fall bench tests in our trailer. Matter of fact, the last slide, you can see some of the containers that have some of those bench tests to be able to identify what potentially is happening there. But at this point, no, we haven't. Harold, I think that question is based on slope reclamation in Ohio and West Virginia. And we, yeah, but your answer is valid too. We didn't test that theory yet just because that was kind of our first, like, will these species even take? Is it going to work? But I think that's a huge thing to address in the next season when we look at the new slips that happened over the year and even the ones that we did, be huge. And one last question. But how did you decide to use lambs quarter one? And then second part of that, do you have data on how it has improved your revegetation success in the projects you've used it on? So on the lambs quarter, we went through in 2016 and done a fairly comprehensive vegetation study throughout. Obviously we couldn't study other produced water impacts, but we did study naturally occurring saline seeps and pools throughout the little muddy. And what we were looking at primarily there were various species. What was actually present at the border? How did the composition of those plant communities changes we got further away? And one of the species that we identified that was present regularly was the lambs quarter. Now, of course, Kosha was also present, but Kosha is historically difficult to control. Whereas I don't believe we're seeing the same control issues related to the lambs quarter. But to get back to our question, how we identified it was during that initial species survey that we've done in the little muddy. As far as soil chemistry, we have begun focusing last year would have been one of the most recent times here in North Dakota where our sampling has focused tremendously on soil health aspects. And I think that we will have a better picture from a data perspective on exactly what we're seeing there. But that was a change that we made on all of our remediation projects. Well, company-wide is that now we're sampling for a very comprehensive suite of soil health parameters. Sam can touch on that. I don't have much time. Well, that's all the questions we have. Toby, do you have any final thoughts as we wrap up today? And thank you, Sam and Harold so much for joining us. Yes, thank you everyone for listening. And thanks for all you work for. Thanks again, Sam and Harold, appreciate you sharing with us. Thank you for those of you that attended today. I appreciate that. A couple of things next week, it's using technology to enhance reclamation.


From San Francisco, it's theCUBE, covering Red Hat Summit 2018. Brought to you by Red Hat. Hey, welcome back everyone. I'm here live in San Francisco at Moscone West of Cubes, exclusive coverage of Red Hat Summit 2018. I'm John Furrier with my co-host, John Troyer, founder of Tech Reckoning Advisory and our community services firm. Our next guest is Jason O'Connell, OpenShift platform owner of Macquarie Group. Welcome to theCUBE. Is that right, Macquarie? Yeah, that's right. Well, the retail bank of Macquarie, so banking and financial services. Thanks for coming on. So obviously banking's pretty hot, big time, early adopter of all things tech. Yes. And you're doing a lot of work at Kubernetes. Tell us about what you're doing. Take a minute to explain your job, what your focus is, some of the environment, DevOps, things you're doing. Yes, so basically I'm head of the Container Platforms team at Macquarie Bank. So basically my team manages OpenShift on AWS. We do the architecture on there, but we also focus a lot on the value add on top. So we don't just give our customers for my team are the developers and the development teams. We don't just give them a blank platform. We do a lot of automation and a lot of work on top of that. Basically, because we want to make sure that the idea of a platform as a service is that we do as much as possible to make developers' lives easy. Let's talk about the journey. When did you start on this effort? Obviously Amazon's great cloud. We use it as well. Other clouds are coming on. You got Google and Microsoft and others. But when did the OpenShift conversation start happening? Where were you? What year was it? How long have you been using it? It's gone through some great changes. I want to get your experience on that OpenShift journey. I mean, we were somewhat of an earlier adopter. We started looking at this two years ago. So that was OpenShift 3.1. A lot of the basic features weren't even there. But it took us a year to both build it out as well as migrate about 40 applications to production. So it was only a year ago that we've been in production. So it's evolved like so rapidly during that time. So 40 applications migrating, right? That in of itself in a year is a pretty heavy lift. Can you talk a little bit about, are you just replatforming the applications? Obviously probably not rewriting at this point. So OpenShift has been a good home for the applications that you started out with, it sounds like. I mean, one of the reasons to choose OpenShift was Docker. And it was about that migration path. I mean, part of the migration was ensuring that developers could get everything running locally, get these legacy systems. We did a lot of microservices, running locally on Docker containers on their laptop. Then the migration was easy from there. But we deliberately didn't want to do a lift and shift. We wanted to rethink how we delivered software as part of this project. Okay. What's the biggest challenges you had in doing this? I mean, OpenShift's got some great movement. Obviously, Kubernetes is a good bet. And Kubernetes is looking like a really awesome way to move workloads around and manage containers and clusters. So what are some of the things you've learned? What are some of the complexities that you overcame? Can you share a little bit about some of the specifics? I think the newness is probably the biggest challenge. I mean, going back to two years ago, there were some very basic components that weren't there at the time when we knew we were coming. And even now, there are pieces of work which we just don't tackle. We do a very quick fix because we know it's coming later. I mean, it's just moving and evolving so quickly. I mean, we're waiting a lot for Istio, which is coming in the future. So we're holding back and investing in certain areas because of that. It's always a constant challenge. Yeah, Istio looking good. And the service mesh is hot as well. How has OpenShift helped you? What's the, if you had to kind of boil it down, what's been the impact to you guys? Where's that coming from? I mean, before we even selected OpenShift, we had, we're looking at our objectives from a business perspective, not a technology perspective. And the biggest objective we had was speed to delivery. You know, how could you get a business idea, product idea into production as fast as possible? Or even if you look at a minor fix to something, something that should be easier, developer takes a data right. Why does it take a month to release the production? So speed of delivery was one of the key objectives. And I can tell you more about how we delivered that in detail, but just going back to the objectives, we also looked at developer experience, you know? Sometimes the developers are not spending enough time coding and doing what they want. They get bogged down in a lot of other pieces of work that aren't really delivering business value. So again, we wanted the platform to handle that for them so that they could focus more on their work. And this is the promise of DevOps. I mean, the whole idea of DevOps is to automate away the hassles.  No one likes to do all that work. It's like, can someone else just handle it? And then when you got now automation, it frees it up. But this brings up the thing that I'd love to get your reaction to, because one of the things we've been covering and talking a lot about on theCUBE is this has been happening around us. It's not just what we're doing, but this new modern way to deploy software. You look at like some of the big things that are happening with cloud native, and you mentioned Istio, is to do this awesome dynamic things on the fly that are automated away. So it changes the how software is being built. How are you guys embracing that? What's the thought? Obviously, you've got a team that's got the mindset of DevOps. You know, obviously embracing this vision. And if everything else is probably substandard to you, when you look at waterfall or any kind of non-agile, what is your view of this modern era of writing code and building applications? What, I mean, for people who don't aren't getting it, how do you explain it? You know, I think it's, I mean, it's an unbelievable time that we're in at the moment. I mean, the amount of automation that we're doing is huge. And part of an open shift is that it's an automatable platform. So I've got a few junior guys in my team, like two graduates and intern, they do a lot of the automation. It's that easy. If you look at interestingly in like security and risk teams and governance teams, where we're finding, look, they can improve security risk and all this by automating. You know, they're the ones that now we've got SecOps movements and things like that. So speed to production does not prohibit better security? Not at all. And in fact, with SecOps, the amount of automation we do, you got a far greater amount of security because we now know everything that's deployed. We can continually scanning for vulnerabilities. Yeah, well, so Jason, you talked about it being new. We've talked a little bit about culture. How much of this has been a training exercise? How much has been a cultural shift within your organization as one of the leaders of it? How are you approaching it? I mean, we're lucky that within Macquarie Bank, there was a large scale culture shift towards Agile where the whole bank runs in Agile manner. So that's helped us then fit in our technology and automation. It complements that way of delivering. So we've got some very unique ways where we've done automation and delivery which completely re-thinks how we used to deliver before. So for instance, yeah, for instance, now, if you think, why were people scared of delivering something into production? Why was a small change, a scary change? And a big part of it is the blast radius if something went wrong. You know, connecting through to our APIs, we've got our own channels, we've got mobile apps, we've got a website, we've got a lot of partners. There are other companies connecting through as well. And so even if you did a small change, if it caused an issue, everyone's affected at once.   We could target it to a percentage of customers, monitor, roll that quickly if there's a problem, dial it up if it's looking good. You could target to any channel. It seems like there's a business benefit to that too, right? Oh, it's massive here because you also can promise stability on certain channels, if you want. You can have faster channels that are moving quickly. And in an API-driven world where you've got external companies connecting through to these APIs, you want to be able to say that we've given you a stable offering and you can upgrade when you want. And then our channels, we can move more fast. So we've got a- I mean, it's a no-brainer. I mean, really the old way is completely dead because of that. Because the thing about the blast radius, your point about the blast radius, the risk is massive. So everyone's kind of on edge.  All for the risk. All that energy you're optimizing for a potential non-event or event. Here with microservices, and you and I can go down to the granular level. The granularity is really amazing. So when you go forward, first of all, it's a recruiting opportunity to get better engineers. Like, this is the way we work. I'm going forward. I want you to comment on your opinion as an industry participant and can clarify this. Because a lot of people get confused. They hear automation. They think jobs are going away. Administration is getting automated. System admin type roles where junior people can now do more operating things. But the operating role is not going away. So talk about that ops side because now the ops are more efficient. The right things are automated. Talk about that dynamic between the right things being automated and the right things that are going to roll to operational service meshes or whatnot. Yeah, I mean, basically it's about getting people to do these higher order functions. So the people who are doing things manually and operating things manually, you look at our ops teams now morphing into like the classic SRE team, you know, the Site Reliability Engineering teams where they're spending a significant amount of their time automating things, you know, looking at alerting and monitoring and then auto-healing. I mean, it's actually more work to automate everything but with a far greater amount of quality and reliability than what we get. And the benefits are a long, but much bigger. It's worth it, basically. You do the work up front and you reap the benefits in a variety of ways like writing, rolling out software, managing workloads. Talk about multi-cloud. I see you're on Amazon. Multi-cloud is a big focus here. Hybrid cloud, multi-cloud. Honestly, we're seeing that trend. How do you look at multi-cloud as a practitioner? What are some of the things that are check boxes for you in terms of, okay, as we start looking to the next level, there might be a multiple cloud scenario. How do you think about that and how do you put that into perspective? Well, it's worth noting even two years ago when we selected OpenShift, it was with the idea that we could go multi-cloud. You know, that for the users, for the developers, they're not going to know the difference where we run it on. So we're not locked into any provider. Final question for you. If you could boil down OpenShift into kind of like a sound bite for you, what does it mean to you guys? What's been the benefit? What's been the role? What's the benefit of OpenShift as you explore the cloud journey? You know, I could say speed. I could say automation. I mean, that's huge, but really, OpenShift and Red Hat have picked the winner, which is Docker and Kubernetes. And a colleague of mine was in KubeCon in Copenhagen last week. And he's constantly messaging me saying, there's new tooling, you guys can use this, you can use that. And it means that rather than us doing the work, we're just getting tooling from the community. So it's the de facto standards. So that's probably the biggest benefit of all. All the goodness is just coming right to your front door. Exactly. And I got to do my homework every night playing around with this technology. So yeah. Great success story. And again, the great community open source projects out there, you guys can bring that in and productize it for the retail bank. Congratulations. Love open source stories like this. Tier one citizen, and again, continues to power the world open source softwares to Kube. Doing our part bringing you all the data from Red Hat Summit 2018. I'm John Furrier with John Troyer. We'll be back with more after this short break.


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Rookie got Jason Tatum vector Yeah, what do you know about his armor such you 99 We have a Tori Craig to 125 on the glorified signature as it was an ankle something Yeah Yeah, man, we've got to 49 a knurkage goings Thanks, and y'all we got some work to do on number 18 Got 18 19 and 20 and then we'll get into our Teared random and then ending the day with two half chase breaks of optic basketball pick your team style again Majority of the team still left today are on sale. So let's get those filled up Link is right in chat for you with door on the vector to 49 assignments Shet Ricky base future legend Scotty Barnes just getting 299 Devon Vasell we have a palgasol. Wow. Look how young he looks To 75 for the Grizzlies. That's a such a cool card on the glorified signatures That's really cool. Ryan Rollins. Ricky Williams Walker Kessler rookie base Royce O'Neill down to 10 on the next one y'all tend to go almost to single digits Rakes right after this Ivy Liddell rookie to 299 pelicans Chet Ricky vector Can't love Kayla Sick one to Shade on sharp to 99 to buy a terrace We have to 48 the sophomore acetate auto Josh Christopher for the Rockets. Nice. I like these they all sign He's so big. I love love to see that loft and junior rookie base Zion skies the limit we think we've seen one of these yet. Nice. You go pelicans there Be a couple of the ones that were like really prevalent last year are shorter printed this year Wonder if that's why there's no like set checklist out yet for it. It's hard to come up with Bulls gone in 18. Awesome. I think we're down to nine one two three four five six seven Yep down to nine now single digits officially net Snuggets warriors clippers Nick Sons blazers rafters wizards Halibur into 90 at 199 drew holiday Kindle Brown rookie Tari east and rookie Jimmy buckets or sorry himmie buckets Himmie Butler Nonna struck the rim to 299 we've got more it's Wagner Here you go. I don't know if I've ever seen well, I mean I've seen yeah, but that's cool Got a little mo in there Okay, that's what I thought for school. Thanks for confirming on the SGA on the vector Excited to see that Do you know the price point for us I forgot what what you said Yovitch to 49 rookie and we've got Tari Ethan Ricky Jersey auto to 99 Rockets By the last couple teams taken there you go Rockets Houston Jeff Jay We go Jeff 150 nice Cade feature legends Lillard got rookie. It was money dang Norman Pal to 49 Tari East and rookie base you packs left here And then we will do a Recap rock the rim Palo Tray man as force would say recap a row All systems go down of a Mitchell you got the 299 James Hardin wrapped There's we've got a Ron Harper junior rookie auto on the true potential two of 149 there Raptors Max Christie rookie Last pack Jabari Smith junior vector rookie Cam pain Alright one second y'all and I'll do a recap here Yeah, we had a our first guys the limit today Zion for the pelicans We had the hollow dot short print Jordan pool wars A couple rookie reviews Julius Randall Lakers and Katie for the Super Sonics again go to the Thunder Grizzlies redemption Kenneth Lofton junior Ron Harper junior Raptors T-Wolves Josh Minot sons Tory Gray We had a Bosch on the rookie Jersey auto jazz Tari East and Ricky Jersey auto Rockets a pop of salt is 75 Grizzlies that's such a cool card Calvin Murphy Rockets. We had Josh Christopher on the sophomore Acetate auto Rockets a debtless shrimp for the Super Sonics again Thunder and a Hito Turtley to 25 magic such a cool card And probably card of the day we had rookie Jersey auto gold to 10 of Jaden Ivy Pistons Congrats again Christopher. Oh on that one. Thanks so much y'all for getting this filled out We got 18 up next once it fills. Thank you


We're here at ITU Telecom World 2015 in Budapest, Hungary, and I'm very pleased to be joined by Mr. Oedama Kane, who is from Joko Santé in Senegal. Mr. Kane, thank you very much for being with us today. Thank you. Now, I'd like to start off by asking you a little bit about Joko Santé. What does it do and what is it all about? Okay, so thank you. I'm going to explain the name Joko Santé. Joko Santé is a combination of two words, Joko Santé. That means in one of the main Senegalese language, give and receive, and Santé, that means in French, health. So, okay. And what projects have you come with here to ITU Telecom World? Okay, so I'm here to show Joko Santé. So we have seen that in Senegal, 52 to 72 percent of the family's expenses in health are expenses in medicines. But sometimes people, they keep their medicines at home till last set. And so it is a loss of revenue because this medicine could be used by the neighbors or by the family. And then we have imagined a solution that people can use. So it's a software, a web-based solution. And people, so if they have unused medicines at home, they just give it to the medical center, affiliate it to Joko Santé, and then they gain points. So these points can be accumulated. And after, if they have a new prescription, instead of buying with money, so they just buy it with their points. Great. And is that up and running at the moment? Are people using it? Yes. So it's running since February. And we have many members. So we have about 580 members in Senegal, meaning that in this small community, we have at least one member per family. And our goal is now rich because so our goal was to have, instead of having a family first aid box, to have a community first aid box. What about the pharmacies? How the pharmacies reacted to this? Yeah. So the private pharmacies, they are working with us because I must explain something. So in Africa, so as you know, many people don't have any medicine at home. So the poor people. And then so how we are dealing with that is so their prescription are funded by the private sector under the CSR activities. And the private sector is very interesting in our solution because every donation they make is advertised to the member. For instance, if a member has his prescription paid by a big company, so there is an automatic text message telling him that your prescriptions have been paid by this private company. And why have you come here to ITU Telecom World 2015? What's been the value for you attending this event? Okay. So I must say that as I told you, so the project is very successful in Senegal. And I am accompanied by a big private company in Senegal, Sonatal. And Sonatal has invited me here. So they have paid my trip. And I'm in the Senegal Pavilion. So for me, it is a great opportunity because I have met many African countries. Till now I have six African countries that are expressing their interest to my solution. And it's just great for me. And what do you think the governments and industry can do to promote digital entrepreneurship and really foster the growth of SMEs? Okay. So I will just take an example because I was in Marrakesh in Morocco three days ago and there is a bank, a BMCE bank, so they have put an award and I won it. So it is about $150,000. So I think that this is the best way to promote social entrepreneurship. So the private sector and the government, so they have to compile, they have to promote. So the social entrepreneur in Africa, that's my feeling. Well we wish you the very best of your project and thank you very much for being in the city with us today. Yeah, thanks a lot. Thank you.


The brain. We still know so little about how it works, but we do have a pretty good understanding of its anatomy And its anatomy is actually quite simple which may come as a surprise to you If you've just spent several hours in a lecture theater looking at 2D slides and being bombarded by Latin terminology But it is simple, and I hope to prove that to you. So let's begin We'll be using this simplified geometric model And the first thing we see on the outside of the brain is the cortex In Latin this means bark like the bark of a tree Because it is the rough outer surface of the brain The cortex is all gray matter Briefly, what is gray matter? So the brain and the nervous system at large is made up of billions of neurons and neurons have cell bodies and axons A simple way to think of it is that cell bodies either generate or receive messages while axons transmit messages When cell bodies clump together they look gray Thus gray matter So the cortex is all cell bodies of neurons And we divide the cortex into lobes. We have the frontal lobes the parietal lobes the occipital lobes And temporal lobes If we cut the frontal lobe now we can see the gray matter only goes for a centimeter or so And beneath it is white matter axons clumped together Axons are surrounded by this fatty substance called myelin which makes them look white And one of the main pathways for white matter in the brain Is the internal capsule here Many of the axons running through here are on their way to the thalamus an important chunk of gray matter in the middle of the brain Thalamus means inner chamber or bedroom in ancient greek The inner chamber of your mind Beneath the thalamus is the logically named hypothalamus Hypo meaning under or below or beneath it's tiny But hugely important with involvement in a huge range of fundamental bodily processes Hanging off the hypothalamus is the pituitary gland Moving above the thalamus now we see this arch of white matter Connecting either side of the brain This is called the corpus callosum Beneath it is another arch which wraps more tightly around the thalamus called the phornix Phornix is literally latin for arch Riding alongside the phornix is the hippocampus named after a mythological seahorse It's one part of what we call the basal ganglia There are a few structures in the basal ganglia all situated roughly around this area Directly under the thalamus is the brain stem which connects the brain to the spinal cord It has three parts the midbrain pons and medulla The cerebellum which means little brain sits just behind the pons and under the occipital lobe Above that sitting in between the thalamus on either side is the pineal gland As you may know the brain floats in a clear liquid called cerebrospinal fluid This also circulates through chambers sitting between different parts of the brain which are known as ventricles We have the lateral ventricles here aka ventricle 1 and 2 Then this one between either side of the thalamus is called the third ventricle This one between the pons and the cerebellum is the fourth ventricle They're all connected by little channels into the space surrounding the spinal cord as well Click the link below to have a look around this model yourself Click the like button if you enjoyed this video. Thank you very much for watching and we'll see you next time


So what's next for VA? Well, hey, I'm going to put it out there, right? Let's just put it out there. All right. So the idea is we do a virtual tour. Now, a virtual tour being that I stumbled across this Spirio-modeled Steinway piano, which plays back.  That playback technology has been around for a while, but this plays back all your nuances. To the staccato, to the crescendo, everything is there. So it's incredible. So if you push the key down halfway, it knows exactly where you left off and knows how fast you came on. This is the next generation of player piano. Exactly. It is incredible. And then you can go back into the app and adjust what you want as well. All within the app. Yes. So if you suddenly held your pedal down for too long, sure enough. It's like putting music production together with the live instrument now. It's incredible. So you're going to save a lot of time in the editing suite if you needed to edit, right? That's great. It is amazing. For the recording, I would imagine exactly. So if you want to transpose the entire thing down three tones, you can do that. I'm sure some musicians hate it. They're like, you're cheating. Oh yeah. Right. But this is what I mean. It's saving you time now. If for instance, you know what I was saying about recording like, oh, shoot, I pressed a wrong note.  Right. But it does save you time, right? Right. So that's only one aspect of what this piano is about. For me, the coolest thing is that because it is linked via Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, if there is another Spirio piano in, for instance, I played it in LA and there's a Spirio same model in Tokyo. You connect it and I'm playing in Tokyo as well at the same time. And this is when we add the hologram. This is when we add the hologram so that VA can appear in 10 different cities at the same time. So if you're listening or watching, you know anything about holograms or you work for Steinway, 2021 is the tour launch day, 10 cities in one day. Dear guys, my tour manager, clearly. Because he hasn't told me this, but... No, I think it's really straightforward. It's pretty simple. And I think Steinway should and will be more than happy to sponsor it. The other concept is then you have one live person there, right? Exactly. So we bring in a live person per venue. Violinist, singer. To accompany you on the piano. The hologram. Yeah. So there is a live element to it. Right. Well, apart from me playing live, but there's a human there. A human element to it. No, well, I mean, we were talking about this idea the other day that if we were to start smaller in terms of staying within the state of California, I could then move down or up and be like, let's do San Diego, let's do LA two hours later. Let's do Santa Barbara two hours later. You know, I'm excited about the idea, but know nothing about holograms. That technology. If you think about pianos, nobody ever thinks about piano innovation. Those two things don't exist. It's almost like an oxymoron saying it. And so if I'm Steinway, to me, this is a no-brainer. It's like, whoa, now the hologram just increases my marketability. But also what I'm selling is this new component, which is the Bluetooth piece with the app. Yes. Being able to tune it. However, you described it. Yeah. Like, I don't know that they're marketing that to a mass. I mean, I don't even know how often people buy a new piano, but to me, it's a no-brainer. To me, that particular piano, because there is no compromise on quality either. Because it sounds like a commercial. How much is the piano? How much is it? It's 152,000.  How much is a normal Steinway for comparison? So this superior is the size of a Steinway model V, which for me is the ideal piano size for an A home, because it's six-foot-ish. Because you have to have a nine-foot in your house, unless you've got a McMansion and acoustics for her, and it's like a dining table. That's for concert halls. But they do make the superior in a D as well. With how big is the D? Nine-foot. Okay. So it's made for the concert hall, too. So how much would a regular B cost you? A regular B brand new is 112,000. So it's significantly more expensive. I mean, it's what? 40,000. 40,000 dollars more, yeah. I would argue if you're going to spend 112, you're right there. Just go for 152. Yeah, you're there. You're already there. Yeah. Put it on the credit card.  You don't even invite them back. You then need to ask permission? It's kind of like stealing your soul. Wow.  Can you play for me? Okay, thanks, bye. Wow, and then never talk to them again. And then now put the hologram in, and she's there. It's like Alexa, play the piano. Look at that. We just paired it now with Amazon. Now you have a three-way partnership between Steinway, Amazon, and the hologram company. This is some next level. We are some real sponsor oars. Real entrepreneurship. The thing is, this is all super possible in today's environment. That's kind of the exciting part. So after this concert, 2021, by then you'll have another album launch, for sure. Probably three albums in, yeah. Maybe that could be the third Universal Album Tour. Sure. The hologram tour. You should pitch this to Universal, I think. I think it seriously has legs, and it's super exciting and possible. We have a great festival in Australia called Vivid. It happens every winter in June, and it's a music, ideas, and light festival. And it's incredible. They project stuff into the opera house. So they would do this? Oh, yeah. This would be at the rally. Yeah. Yeah. Let's send some emails. Yeah, let's do it.


Good evening, mortals. Welcome back to Shaber Paramount. Tonight's tale is about ghosts, it's about scariness, and it's about mystery. I dubbed this story The Muddy Footprints. So tonight our tale begins in the woods by a river. A woman who loves to go solo camping decided to go out one evening to get things off her mind, get some fresh air to do an overnight solo camp out. She goes to her favorite spot in the woods. You have to park and then you have to hike about a mile back into the woods to her campsite. She gets to the parking lot. There's not a single car in the parking lot. There is one pickup truck and it's a ranger. So she thought maybe the campground was closed. So she went and asked the ranger. She said, is the campground open? And he said, yes ma'am, they're open. And she inquired why there was no other vehicles there but him. And he said, well ma'am, due to the legend, every year on this night no one comes here to spend the night. And if they do, no one's ever lasted all night. They end up leaving early in the morning or late late at night. So she proceeds to ask him, what is this legend that you speak of? And he said back in 1972, there was a woman and her child. They went to the camp area. It's on the banks of a river. It was late at night. And the woman had to go to the bathroom. So she gets up. She crawls out of the tent. She goes to the bathroom but she kind of loses her way and she falls into the muddy river. The child followed looking for her mother. The child too made it to the river but did not return. So the woman says, that's an interesting legend but I will be spending the whole night. And he said, suit yourself ma'am. Be careful of the river. So she hikes back in to the campsite. She finds a nice place to set up her little tent. She gets camp set up. She's making supper. She finishes her supper. And she decides to read a book. She gets in her tent. She starts reading the book and she hears what she believes to be footsteps outside of her tent. It starts to rain a little but that doesn't concern her. Her tent has never leaked. So she keeps reading. And the more she reads, the more she hears these footsteps around her tent. She doesn't know what's going on. And all at once, she starts hearing a child's voice calling for her mommy. That didn't really bother her that much. She thought the wind. She thought maybe the trees. She didn't think anything of it. It's getting later now. She decides to put her book away and turn her light out. Go to sleep. As she went to sleep, she started having weird dreams. Or so she thought. She kept hearing the footsteps. This time much closer and much closer. It sounded like bare feet in the mud. When she looks out, she gets brave enough to unzip her tent. And she looks out and that is what she sees. She's in fear. She's petrified. She no longer can sleep. But she doesn't want to make the mile trek back out to her vehicle to the parking lot. She's scared to death. Fear has overcome her body. She's trembling yet she can't move. It's like that all night. It was a very long night for the young lady. Finally when morning comes, it's daybreak. She hears nothing but birds chirping in the trees. She musters up the courage to step outside. And she steps outside. There's nothing around.  But she can't be too sure if they're hers or something else. So she grabs her dishes from the night before and she heads down to the river. She gets down to the river to wash up her dishes and she sees two sets of muddy footprints. One a bigger set and one child size going right in to the river. She runs back to grab her camera to take pictures. She grabs her camera and comes back. She knows no one's going to believe this. And she takes the pictures. And as she's taking the pictures, she realizes the footprints have disappeared. They're no longer there. When she gets back home and develops the film, there were no footprints on that film. So, did she imagine all of it? Or is the legend of the muddy footprints real? You decide. Just remember one thing, guys in ghouls. When you're out, peeping around, around Halloween, lurking about the shadows. Remember, you may not be the only one lurking.


Maria Zakharova, spokesperson for Russia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, has promised that there will be retaliation against Moldova for joining for European Union sanctions packages against Moscow. Di and the time-honored manner of Russian propaganda, Zakharova accused Moldova of hostile steps and an anti-Russia campaign aimed at the complete destruction of Russian Moldovan relations. Zakharova is convinced that the overwhelming majority of Moldovans are friendly towards Russia, and interested in preserving and developing multifaceted, bilateral cooperation Moldova's decision will not go unanswered. The measures to be taken will be announced later, she said. Niky Popescu, Moldova's Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration, stated last week that Moldova has joined for European Union sanctions packages against Russia over the last year and a half. When Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine began, Moldova stated that it would not immediately join in certain restrictive measures, such as sanctions against Russia.in March 2023. Popescu announced that Moldova would re-evaluate some of its previous decisions on sanctions and would present new ones. He promised that the extent of Moldova's involvement in European Union sanctions would increase significantly Moldova and Ukraine are candidates for European Union membership. The European Union expects its future members to align their foreign policy vector and adhere to the European Union's sanctions policy.