Hi, my name is Ken Fleishman. I'm a professor in the School of Information or the iSchool at the University of Texas at Austin. I'm the founding chair of Good Systems, a UT Grand Challenge, a research grand challenge bringing together humanists, social scientists and technologists to design ethical AI. I'm also the founding director of the new BSI and BA in Informatics. The UT Austin iSchool begin offering with students entering in fall 2021. On behalf of my collaborators, Amelia Acker, Eric Meyer, Pat Garcia, Casey Pierce and Kentaro Toyama, and presenting our PITUN funded project, the PITUN Conference on Undergraduate Informatics Education or Informatics Education 2020. The objectives of our project were to facilitate information exchange and collaboration across PITUN institutions, including founding members, new members and potential future members to connect PITUN institutions with stakeholders in government, nonprofit and industry and to prepare our new Informatics undergraduate, prepare for new Informatics undergraduate degree program. So to achieve these goals, we organized Informatics Education 2020. Thanks to the generous funding that we received from PITUN, we were able to provide travel support to 20 conference participants, which we awarded competitively based on ensuring representation of participants considering factors such as ethnicity, gender identity or disability status, representation across the career trajectory focusing on students, postdocs and junior faculty members and representation across institutions, including focusing on minority serving institutions such as HBCUs and HSIs. It was a major rush to organize a conference in less than six months, but it paid off as we were just able to get the conference in under the wire in early March prior to the nationwide disruptions in travel due to COVID-19. Indeed, for many of us, unfortunately this may have been the last conference we've been able to attend in person for a while. We held the conference on the UT Austin campus at the AT&T Hotel and Conference Center. We are funded participants in many of our other participants stayed, which also served as the home base for the conference. Notably, this venue provides an excellent viewing both of the tower, the main landmark at UT Austin as well as the Texas Capitol building. Fortunately, the conference was a huge success with over 100 participants from 30 institutions. Characteristic of PITUN, these are a broad range of types of institutions including public and private, large and small, technical and comprehensive. Impressively, we had representatives from 10 current PITUN member institutions. Further, many of the participants from other institutions asked about how their institution could join PITUN. And fortunately, the chair of the membership committee, iSchool Dean Eric Meyer, was available to answer their questions. Importantly, we had representatives from two HBCUs and four HSI's, which made up 20% of the participating institutions. Our keynote speakers were Cecilia Munoz, the vice president for public interest technology and local initiatives at New America, Stephen Elkins, the chief information officer for the city of Austin, and Meredith Ringel-Morris, the founder of the Ability Research Group at Microsoft Research. The formal conference program lasted one and a half action-packed days, featuring six panels, 27 papers, 18 posters and a Texas-sized opening reception and banquet. We received positive feedback from attendees. In particular, we were pleased to have three undergraduate students from PITUN founding member, the Olin College of Engineering, present their research. They talked about how valuable the experience was to be exposed to new viewpoints and noted that the conference was an incredible reflective and learning experience. So returning to our objectives. It was great to see so much information exchange happen, not only among representatives from PITUN members, but also from faculty members who plan to return to their home institutions to encourage them to apply for PITUN membership. We were also fortunate to have speakers from city and state government, as well as from multiple nonprofits and companies. The conference also provided an excellent opportunity for our faculty to interact with educators with tremendous experience and expertise with undergraduate pedagogy. And happily, following the conference, we've been able to launch our new undergraduate informatics major in the UT Austin School of Information, which will admit students to begin in fall 2021. In particular, our concentration in social justice informatics is generating significant buzz across campus and beyond. The conference also led to a collaboration between UT Austin, Houston Tiltson University, the city of Austin, and two social justice-oriented nonprofits, capacity catalyst and measure. It also led to my colleague Sherry Greenberg from the LBJ School of Public Affairs and I to submit a proposal to the PITUN day one project, PIT Accelerator, which was accepted and which built off a presentation at the conference that we did. So that was a quick introduction to our PITUN project. I'd like to thank my collaborators on this project, Amelia Acker and Eric Meyer from the UT Austin School of Information, and Pat Garcia, Casey Pierce, and Kintaro Toyama from the University of Michigan School of Information. I'd also like to thank the sponsors of the conference, first and foremost, PITUN, also the UT Austin School of Information and Good Systems UT Grand Challenge. Thank you for your time. I welcome your questions at the panel. Hello, I'm Mahmood Farouk from Arizona State University School for the Future of Innovation in Society and Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes in Washington, DC. It is a pleasure to share a brief overview of the Public Interest Technology Community Innovation Fellowship, or PITCIP program that was funded by the PITUN 2019 Challenge Grant. This project is a partnership between Arizona State University led expert in citizen assessment of science and technology or ECAS network. ECAS is the distributed network of universities, science centers, and non-partisan policy and think tanks working to engage public in science and technology decision-making. ECAS is a membership-based network of nearly 700 science and technology centers, museums and allied organizations in the US and nearly 15 countries worldwide. Our project team comprised of my colleagues, Ira Bennett and King Quach and my Aztec partners, Kristin Dorgalo, Christopher Nelson and Rachel Diamond and my ECAS partner, David Sydenfeld from Museum of Science Boston. I'm going to start by first addressing the need this project is trying to address followed by our project objective timeline and status updates, outcomes to date and our evaluation plan. To begin, there is a growing need for authentic participation of public in key global issues and trends such as climate change and resilience, automation and impact on the future of work, biomedical innovation and healthcare, et cetera. When we do not meaningfully engage the public, two types of failure occur. One type of failure is the failure in public values where we have market success but we have public value failure in terms of equity, justice, fairness, quality life, et cetera. The other type of failure occurs when we have technology looking for public or public looking for technology. So we have a mismatch. So participatory technology assessment or PTA which our methodology is based on is an established tool that engages a group of non experts who are representative of the general population but who unlike political, academic and industry stakeholders are generally underrepresented in science and technology related policymaking. E-CAS mission is to establish such capacity in the US. Similarly, ASSEC mission is to help their member communities that is science centers to partner and develop a shared vision for the future as they engage their communities in science and technology issues. Hence, there was a natural connection and overlap between E-CAS and ASSEC mission that is to bridge the gap between participatory technology assessment and public engagement in science. So with the help of the PTA UN challenge grant we created a fellowship program to bridge these two practices. Specifically our goal was number one we wanted to create a replicable, scalable and competitive fellowship program for the next generation of engagement professionals who could work collaboratively with a civic government or university partner. We wanted to pilot this program at five informal science education centers in PTA UN networks cities. We wanted to mentor the fellows to design, develop and convene community forums on public interest technology topic of relevance. And then we wanted to evaluate the fellowship program and outcomes against our learning capacity building and social impact goals. So the program essentially had three elements. There was a co-design element with experts and stakeholders within their community. There was a deliberative component that engaged broadening community members on an informed and respectful dialogue. And then there's a dissemination component is to take the outcome and outputs from that dialogue and share it with stakeholders and decision makers to help make better policy or societal decisions. So our timeline, before I go to the timeline we in terms of the support we provide we required four types of deliverables from the participants. Obviously they had to co-design and co-develop the forum. They had to recruit and participate and host the forum. They have to analyze and share the forum results. And then they had to share the reflection so we can learn from their experience. In terms of support, we gave them travel, a stipend and expenses to offset the cost for convening the forum. So our timeline started in January and February with a recruitment process. We invited applications from Aztec members and partners to submit an application. And then we selected five teams as according to our plans. And then we convened our first training workshop in Boston. Then COVID happened. And because of the restrictions and because of all of the museums had to close down we had to force ourselves to think outside the box and think about innovative ways to use online and virtual tools to engage the public. Meanwhile, the fellows despite all of the restrictions wanted to continue and we delivered the webinar component that is the training component as our original schedule dictated. What ended up happening is the shift was because of the on the ground situation very in the five communities where we had teams we had to give them more time. So right now the forums are happening in some places and are expected to be finished by November and which also means that our original plan to bring the fellows back for the PQM meeting is not going to happen. We are going to have an online reflection workshop in January. So I would like to now introduce the five teams that we were able to select. Our first team is from Ann Arbor, Michigan where Jayde Marx from the Museum of Natural History partnered with Justin Schell of Shapiro Design Lab to look at community on data. We had Anya and Corrine from San Jose Anya from Tech Interactive and Corrine from Zinampa. They were interested in engaging youth in biotechnology issues. Then we had Rachel and Stephanie from Uster who were interested in urban heat resilience. We had Cindy Millard and Melissa Mullins from Waco, Texas. And they wanted to be, they wanted to engage their communities on issues of water equity. Finally, in Los Angeles we had Sasha and Rebecca who engaged their community on sustainability issues. As mentioned in our original diagram, all teams had the benefit of a mentor and these are the mentors that listed on the diagram here. Now, as I said that this created an opportunity for our fellows to innovate. So while they had envisioned a physical program, now they had to shift all of those activities online and they all used very unique and strategies and engagement approaches to accomplish that. For example, in Waco, Texas, they actually engaged extensive surveys to interview their local stakeholders to come up with the topic and then zoom for a synchronous community forum which was attended by the mayor of the town. Then in Worcester, they used what is known as considerate platform also to combine a synchronous and asynchronous component in engaging the community in Worcester on urban heat island effect related resilience issues. In San Jose, they were even more creative, they created kits that they could actually physically send to the youth participants they were targeting and also created this platform using mural which also used synchronous and asynchronous mode of engagement. Similarly, in Ann Arbor, the team is working on considerate to engage the community on data ownership issues. So finally, to summarize all of our outcomes today, we have so far trained 10 fellows on PTA methods and forum design who have created training curriculum forum and facilitation guide for future use in the PTA network. They are piloting these forums using various synchronous and asynchronous and virtual means and covering a wide variety of issues from social justice and equity from urban heat island issues to community on data, food security, water equity and environmental sustainability. Because of the shift of the timeline, our evaluation component has also extended now to begin from November once the forum is completed and it's going to continue to January. We are so far extremely pleased with the outcome, especially in Waco who have actually gone the full distance and have actually engaged a good members of their community and getting ready to present and share the outcomes in community forum. I'm looking forward to hearing similar outcomes from all of our other team members. Thank you. Hi, I'm Margaret Hagan. I'm the executive director of the legal design lab at Stanford Law School. And I've been working on a project with the Pitt UN network called the Pitt case studies platform. So our group at Stanford, along with partners at Howard University and Georgetown University and their law center have been building a website platform that gathers together case studies of public interest tech projects that have come out of university programs and classes. Our real motivation in this is that we as teachers of public interest tech classes and our respective universities really wanted more examples, real life stories and documentation of how to teach this type of class well so we can be better teachers of it. And also to have case studies for our students so that as they're forming teams and taking on these really kind of interesting but challenging topics that they have examples from other past student teams about how they've done research, made strong partnerships, created new technology projects, tested them and possibly even spun them out or have dealt with failures, setbacks, ethical issues and other kind of questions. So the whole motivation of the platform is that we can from our university network gather together these stories both from the perspective of teachers and students and even some of our partners from the community to have documentation of how a project emerges, the narrative of how it develops and also the outcomes that result mixed in with ethical and teaching points about key decisions that were made or barriers or hardships that were faced during the projects. So we have our project platform live. It's at pitcases.org. It's still in a prototype form. We have several case studies on the platform and we're looking for more. So this is also my plug that if you do have a class you've taught or student teams that have emerged out of your classes with public interest tech, we're actively looking for more cases to profile on the platform. But if you do go to the website you'll see that we have several case studies and teaching resources from wonderful members of our PITU network about how to structure these types of classes, how to coach teams, how to build partnerships and from the student's perspective, how to go from getting a really difficult challenge with a public interest tech partner and then carrying that forward to some kind of impact. So we've had a really great time talking to a lot of different folks about classes from public health to law to language access to smart cities. So we're making this platform to really be policy area agnostic and trying to learn from each other across these typical silos. Some of our main challenges as we've been building the platform has been getting people's time and access to really hear the full story because we are trying to get very detailed documentation of how these classes and projects evolved as well as the actual materials that were used and could possibly be reused or repurposed in other classes. And we know that it's a big ask, especially during this very stressful year. So we're hoping that we can get more and more case studies up and running on the platform. So again, come and check it out. And if you have ideas for cases you might wanna be profiled. The typical way that we've been running it is that we have wonderful team members and students who do interviews and write up the case. And then we format it, edit it and present it on the website for the public audience. So the state of the project right now, like I said, we have the website up and running in a kind of prototype form. After our platform gets probably about 10 case studies up we're gonna have some discussions about where all that content should live if we keep this independent website or we integrate it into the PIT-UN network in a more seamless way. So we'll be thinking about that, but we really do know that there's a lot of value in having this documentation and these stories and this repository of resources in a central and accessible place for all the different university teachers and students. So we're very happy for your feedback and input. That's one of our main goals in the next few months. So if you have any interest in sharing things or in possibly using some of these case studies in your syllabus, in your own teaching and planning we'd love to hear about if they're useful or not. So yeah, come check out our website. It's at pitcases.org. Leave us feedback. Tell us about some case studies you might have in mind. And on behalf of my partners, Tanina at Georgetown and Noha at Howard and my team at Stanford, I just wanna say that we really had a great time working together and we hope that we've made something that can be useful to others in the network. Thank you. Hi, my name is Dr. Susan Imberman and I'm faculty at the College of Staten Island. I'm also the former university associate dean of technology education for the City University of New York. Our project used open educational resources to motivate more curriculum design and public interest tech. But while open educational resources, why are they suited for the creation and dissemination of the curriculum? First, what is OER? Well, OER is any type of free and openly licensed course content that's usually associated with the creative commons license. And the key here is that it's freely shared by its derivative versions. Any kind of artifact that has been modified is able to be shared under this creative commons license. CUNY was motivated to get into the OER space by the cost of rising textbooks costs compared to that of other costs in academia such as tuition and room and ward. OER has been shown to contribute to student success. Textbooks are expensive, students tend sometimes not to buy them. Financially covers this, but sometimes financially doesn't show up until a few weeks into the semester and students need their textbooks day one. Zero textbook course offerings have been shown to give better student performance and tests created under OER save students significant amounts of money. In CUNY, we had 30,760 course sections impacting 660,075 students of zero textbook course. In essence, we saved our students approximately $66 million. And to put it succinctly, my colleague Katie Kamisky said, OER is it? So the creative commons license dictates how restrictive you are when you share your artifacts. We require that the share is no more restrictive than a creative commons license of CC by NCSA. In other words, give attribution to the author, share your resource with the same creative commons license. And if anybody who's interested in using your work for non-commercial purposes, they need to have consulted the author on that. It is not hard to find OER. Once created, you can upload and link your curriculum into various textbook sites if you have a textbook. And there are also large repositories that collate all these kinds of materials. Also, you can find OER using Google's advanced search. There is an option there for looking for items that are associated with a creative commons license. So OER allows us to create living artifacts for disciplines that are evolving such as PIP. So I'd like to speak a bit more specifically about our own PIPNIC project. It is most motivated by my belief that my colleagues are creative, conscientious, and in short, excellent pedagogues. Essentially, it takes a village to create and share curriculum. So I've had previous OER projects learn from them, modify them in order to use this project. We created OER for computer science general education courses for courses that are interdisciplinary between computer science and other disciplines. And for our industry adjuncts who are part of our Tech and Residence core program. So our project objective was to leverage the expertise and creativity of CUNY faculty to create PIP and most importantly, share this widely. So in order to do this effectively, we needed to define exactly what public interest technology is for faculty. And there seems to be a lot of consensus out there as to the gist of what PIP is, although the various definitions tend to vary in terms of their generality or in terms of the specificity. But essentially what we told our constituents was, do good and please do no harm. But the quintessential question is how do you get faculty to buy it? And the main way of doing that is to recognize that faculty have other options and other asks for their time academically. So we recognize this and recognize that their time is valuable and we offered them many grants to do this curriculum development. So if you just wanted to dip your toes in the water and try this out, we offered $1,000 for the development of a PIP unit of study, essentially six hours of course study all the way up to creating courses or creating a track of PIP within a major to interdisciplinary connections between courses in the humanities and the technologies. We ended up with 13 funded projects and they ranged in all kinds of areas all the way from game development to smart cities, of course, ethics, food additives was an interesting one. Faculty range from five senior colleges into community colleges. These were spread across the entire city of New York and we funded three tier one, five tier two and five tiers three and four projects of our faculty that participated 17 were full-time faculty and three were adjunct faculty. In order to share effectively, we created a group on OER Commons in public interest technology and to date there are 18 resources there that each resource represents an individual piece of curriculum but some of those resources actually point to multiple links to almost additional course and entire courses in it. We have opened this site up for participation by anybody who wishes to share their curriculum. The high school has been very a good participant in this project. They link most of their content up here and as far as assessments to date, the amount of materials available as OER for now our 18 resources are great ends of December. So there will be much more material available. Unfortunately due to COVID, a lot of our faculty had to pivot to online and that caused delay in their development of curriculum for this project. But each resource that was available on OER Commons can be a lecture or an activity and many contain links to multiple lectures and ancillary material. In terms of how visible we are since April, only we've been doing this for a short time. We've had 150 views and 42 downloads. So in summary, our PIC project focused on PIC curriculum creation. We're sharing this widely. We also strongly believe that this is a very reproducible work, any campus can create PIC in this manner and feel free to link your PIC creations to the PIC group on OER Commons. Thank you for listening to my talk. I am perfectly happy to answer any of your questions during the session. Have a wonderful day and a wonderful time at the conference.


The oligarchic empire is actually simple and easy to understand. If you're like me and spend entirely too much time on political Twitter, you may have recently observed a bunch of people saying you shouldn't post your opinion about the Afghanistan situation unless you're an expert who has studied the nation's dynamics in depth. Like an empire invading a nation and murdering a bunch of people for decades is some super complicated and esoteric matter that you need a PhD to have an opinion about. You see fairly simple abuses framed as highly complicated issues all the time by people who defend those abuses. War is rarely apartheid. My abusive ex used to go around telling people that what happened between us was more complicated than I was making it sound. Before he became Trump's national security advisor in 2018, John Bolton faced a contentious interview on Fox News where he was criticized for his role in Bush's invasion of Iraq. And he responded that, the point I think you need to understand is, life is complicated in the Middle East. When you say the overthrow of Saddam Hussein was a mistake, it's simplistic. Bolton is now among the experts on Afghanistan doing mainstream media tours on CNN and NPR explaining to the public that the decision to end the 20-year military occupation was a mistake.  It will just confuse you because it's far too complicated to understand. These important matters should be left to men like John Bolton who are consistently wrong about every foreign policy issue. This carefully promoted idea serves only the powerful and entirely too many people buy into it. You'll even see dedicated leftists shying away from commentary on Western imperialism in favor of domestic policy because they don't feel confident talking about something they've been trained to believe is very difficult and complex. Which is silly because war is actually the easiest aspect of the oligarchic empire to understand. Murdering people with military explosives for power and profit is plainly wrong. You don't need to be an Ivy League university graduate to understand this. And given the track record of Ivy League university graduates on this matter, it's probably better if you are not. A globe-spanning power structure loosely centralized around the United States orchestrates murder at mass scale to ensure perpetual domination of the planet. It really is that simple. Now you can spend the rest of your life studying the details of precisely how this is the case, but they're just that. Details about how this dynamic is taking place. You can learn all about the various ways the oligarchic empire advances its geostrategic agendas using wars, proxy conflicts, coups, sanctions, special ups, cold war brinkmanship, and the so-called war on terror. But you will only be discovering further detail about this simple overarching truth. And the same is true of all the other aspects of the status quo power structure. They're meant to look complicated, but what you actually need to know about them to orient yourself in our world is fairly simple. The systems of capitalism are very complex by design, and a tremendous amount of thievery happens in those mysterious knowledge gaps on financial and economic matters where only the cleverest manipulators understand what's going on. But the basics of our problem is quite simple. Money, rewards, and uplifts sociopathy. The more willing you are to do whatever it takes to become wealthy, the wealthier you will be. Those who rise to the top are those who are sufficiently lacking in human empathy to step on whoever they need to step on to get ahead. As a result, we've had many generations of wealthy sociopaths using their fortunes to influence governmental, media, financial, and economic systems in a way that advantages them more and more with each passing year. This is why we are ruled by sociopaths who understand that money is power and power is relative, which means the less money everyone else has, the more power they get to have over everyone else. They've been widening the wealth gap further and further over the years, a trend they seek to continue with the so-called great reset you've been hearing so much about lately. You can spend the rest of your life learning to follow the money, study the dynamics of currency, banking, and economics, but what you'll be learning is more and more details about the way the dynamic I just described is taking place. Sociopaths rise to the top, the most powerful of which understand that things like money, governments, and the lines drawn between nations are all collective narrative constructs which can be altered in whatever way benefits them and ignored whenever it's convenient. For this reason, controlling the stories the public tell themselves about what's going on in their world is of paramount importance, which is why so much wealth gets poured into buying up media and media influence in the form of advertising, funding think tanks and NGOs, and buying up politicians with campaign contributions and corporate lobbying. These powerful sociopaths tend to form loose alliances with each other and with the heads of government agencies as often as possible since it's always easier to move with power than against it. So what you get is an alliance of depraved oligarchs with no loyalty to any nation using powerful governments as tools to bomb, bully, and plunder the rest of the world for their own power and profit, and using mass-scale media psyops to keep the public from rising up and stopping them. And that is it, really. So simple it can be summed up in a few paragraphs. Don't let elitists use the illusion of complexity to cal you out of talking about what's going on in your world. You can see what's going on well enough to begin speaking out, and the more you learn, the more detailed the picture will become. Speak. You are infinitely more qualified to comment on the way power is moving in the world than the people who've been consistently wrong about everything throughout their entire careers yet remain widely platformed by the oligarchic media. If John Bolton gets a voice, so do you.


Now, a potential new malaria vaccine has proved highly effective in a trial in babies in Africa. Pointing to it, one day possibly helping to reduce the death toll from the mosquito-borne disease that kills up to half a million young children in a year. Scientists around the world have been working for decades to develop a vaccine to prevent the deadly disease malaria. They may have finally had a breakthrough. A shot has been developed by a team of scientists, directed by one of the lead researchers behind the Oxford AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. And it is proving highly effective in a trial in babies in Africa. The complex infection caused by a parasite carried in the saliva of mosquitoes kills up to half a million young children a year. Researchers say the candidate vaccine has shown up to 77 percent efficacy in a year-long trial of 450 children in Bikina Faso. The world's first and only licensed malaria vaccine, developed by GlaxoSmithKline, is only partially effective at around 30 percent. The team now plans to conduct final stage trials in some 4,800 children in four African countries.


Good evening. I would like to welcome you to tonight's educational webinar sponsored by the Coalition Peace Initiative and co-sponsored by 11 other organizations. My name is Don Tao and I'll serve as your host for tonight's program, which is on U.S.-China relationship 20th and 21st centuries. As you know, we are organizing a series of nine webinars to promote peace between U.S. and China. This series of webinars all revolve around the three topics of Chinese-American experience in the United States, modern Chinese history, and U.S.-China relationship. In the first six webinars, we are covered the first two topics of Chinese-American experience in the United States and modern Chinese history. Last week, we covered the topic of U.S.-China relationship in the 19th century. Tonight, we will discuss that relationship in the 20th and 21st centuries. We believe that the most important question facing the world today is whether our world is moving toward war or moving toward peace. And the key to answering that question is the relationship between the United States and China. I hope that these educational webinars will help people understand that the current United States policy of demonization of China is not based on facts, but on fabrications. And that such fabricated demonization of China is not good for Americans and also not good for all the people of the world, because it will move the world toward war instead of peace. The consequences would be that critical funding will be allocated to the military and for wars. Instead of using these valuable resources to improve our economy, we build our crumbling infrastructure to work on global problems like climate change, pandemic, terrorism, poverty, discrimination, and peace. Furthermore, the most serious consequence is that it could lead to nuclear war that could destroy the world as we know it. We hope that you'll join these peace-promoting organizations like our co-sponsors to help move the world toward peace. If you think that our webinars are useful, please sign the Coalition Peace Initiative petition so that more such programs can be organized in the future. The link for that petition will be posted in our chat box. Thank you. Now we will start tonight's program. Dr. George Kuhl will be our speaker, and I'll serve as your moderator. Dr. Kuhl is an international business advisor and the founder of the International Strategic Alliances. Since 1978, he has assisted American companies to establish business alliances in China. He's also a founder and chairman of the board of the Berlin Game Foundation. He regularly writes on issues related to U.S.-China relations, and he has appeared in mainstream media and radio and TV. George has bachelor and master's degrees in engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Assigned from Steven Institute of Technology and an MBA from Santa Clara University. George, the floor is yours. Thank you very much, Don. And once again, it's my honor to join this webinar and I also want to thank the Coalition for putting this on. Do you mind putting that first slide on, please? Okay. So I phrased the title of my talk today as, How Did Our China Relations Turn So Sour? As you already said, Don, there's so much misinformation out there, and what I'm going to do is try to clarify and debunk much of the misinformation and false information out there that's influencing the thinking of the American public as well as our politicians as well as our media. I just want to qualify by saying I'm not an academic, so I can't come at you with all kinds of academic studies and research. I also don't see myself as a China watcher, which at some point it's considered a pejorative term for some people. I'm really based on my own experience. I've been going to China as you said in the early intro in 78 and I've been helping American companies there and so I'm going to be talking based on what I saw what I learned. So let's go on to the next slide. So for the next three slides, I will actually spend quite a bit of time on. The first slide is to emphasize the major events. This one here is major events developed between U.S. China. And then the second slide after this one I will be talking about all the different complaints the current and the former Trump administration has been levied a China and examine the validity or lack of their off in that. The third slide, which I will also spend a lot of time on is to point out and examine the differences between the Chinese culture, the Chinese conduct government contact versus that of the United States. So let's talk about this one that I have on right now. The first major important timeline that's actually not on this slide is October 1964. China exploded its first atomic bomb on that at that time in Xinjiang. Why is that important? Well, the development of atomic bomb in China received no help whatsoever, not from the Soviet Union and not from the U.S. In fact, it was almost forced into development that bomb as a self defense. They were feeling so much pressure from the USSR, as well as from the USA. They felt that they needed to have a worthy credible retaliation. And that's why that's how they developed the bomb. And very quickly, they were able to develop the hydrogen bomb in a little over two years, which is faster than any of the other member nations of the nuclear of the nuclear club. Why am I making this point? I think we will be coming back to it, which is that if you push China into the corner, they will come, they will respond and they will do what they think is necessary. And be sure to remember, they did not steal any intellectual property when they did this. Now, the first important event on this calendar is when China was that was restored their seat in the United Nations. And that was in late 1971. Now, I think there's an impression that China will got back to the UN because the United States allow them to do so or assisted in doing so. That's almost diametrically opposite the truth. In point of fact, the third world nations in UN been pushing for China to regain their seat in the United Nations, rather than the Taiwan government, the nationalist government that went to Taiwan. For a very simple reason that China represented the majority of the population and not the Republic of China ROC in Taiwan. And as a matter of fact, the United States exerted this maximum effort to keep China from regaining the UNC. Now, in 1971, it's possible that US relented, because at that point Kissinger was going back and forth to Beijing to set up Nixon's trip. Nixon went to China in February of 1972. Nixon did it again, because he had an eye on history. He had a sense of wanting a place in history. And furthermore, at that point Nixon saw China as a counterweight to the rivalry that US had with US SR. So that's the Nixon trip to China. The next important development is when Mao died in 1976. And after a year of interim government, the then shopping returned to power. The so called gang of four was arrested and put in jail. And after then shopping came to power. That's when reform began in China. And the two leaders that then shopping appointed to run China was who y'all bang. And I was young, who y'all bang was very reform minded and he was the party secretary. And so I was the premier. Zhao Zui Yang was governor of Sichuan at one point, and he began the experiment of economic reform. He disbanded the communes, he gave the peasants their own plot of land. He encouraged entrepreneurism and and then shopping saw that this was very successful. He brought him into the central government to basically do the same thing. So between that time, and by the way, and then of course the normalization took place in 1979. Now I was in Beijing in 1978 at the time, middle of December when they announced the normalization, and there was a extra addition of people's daily to announces, all in red. And it's to show you how important it was, because the last time there was a special edition of people's daily was when they exploded that first atomic bomb. So it's been a in a while and it shows you how important it was. And of course after the normalization then shopping came to the US. And the war the, the Ken gallon had and charmed the heck out of the American people, and that the relationship was warm ever since he made that trip. And as, as the reform began, China start to gradually to open up to foreign investments. I'm in China from 78 on helping American companies to show you how backward China was at the time.  They're in a day when you call and you try to make appointments in Beijing. Sometimes before you even finished dialing the number you want to call the busy signal comes on because Beijing was so short of telephone lines. That's what it was like. In the reform. The, there was a phenomenon called the big character dots is about the big character wall, where students and other disgruntled people post their complaints and criticisms. This quickly became known as the democracy wall. And that handle, not quite accurate plants to see that China is on its way to a democracy. The Tiananmen incident happened. The way that came about was that we all bang who was, who was too progressive minded, then shopping removed him from being a party secretary of China. And he died in April, I think it was that year. And the students use the morning him as an excuse for demonstration and Tiananmen Square, and it was a big deal for about 30 days or so. And just as it was running out of steam and very few students were left on Tiananmen Square was when Gorbachev made a state visit to Beijing. And of course I held gaggle a Western reporters, followed Gorbachev to Beijing, and some of the Western reporters saw this rag tag bag, a bunch of students on them. And then they walked over and asked him, what is this all about? What are you protesting about? Are you protesting about democracy in China? And some of the students are very smart and very bright. And they say, hey, instead of complaining about corruption, instead of complaining about unfair appointments after graduation, instead of complaining about how you have to have inside connections to get anywhere. That's protest about democracy because then the Western media will pay attention and will be focused on us. So the protest that was dying, the amber was kicked up and they blew to bigger and bigger protests again by middle to late May. On June 3rd, Deng Xiaoping called the PRA into Beijing to quell the protest. Those soldiers, some of them were actually mauled and burned and killed outside of Beijing on the Western outskirts of Beijing. And the soldiers in turn start to shoot and kill some of the spectators along the way. By the time they got to Tiananmen Square, which was in the early morning of June 4th, they then approached the students and basically said, if you will now disband and go home, there won't be any shooting and there won't be any violence. And that's what happened. So there is nobody killed on Tiananmen Square, despite whatever you might have heard from the Western media. In fact, some of the reporters from the Western media said so much as much. The famous picture that you see that CNN plays over and over again of a young man standing in front of the tank. That was east of Tiananmen Square after the tanks had gone past Tiananmen Square. And of course, to this day, we don't know quite what happened to the young man. Nevertheless, inside China, people have forgotten about Tiananmen and what happened. But to the West, that was democracy protest that failed. In 1992, then Xiaoping went on a southern tour to send Jun. At the time, the debate on economic reform was running pretty hot inside the leadership of China. And then Xiaoping felt that he was losing the debate with the leaders. In fact, there was a very famous one of the vice premier Chen Yun, who coined the term Bay Burkage economics. In other words, Burkage comes and goes, but we have to keep the economic development inside of Burkage. The Burkage can be big or small, but we got to keep it under control. So when then Xiaoping went to Shenzhen, he basically encouraged the mayor of Shenzhen to really open up and encourage investments and to make the economy boom. And that's exactly what the mayor or Shenzhen did. The first people to respond to that opportunity, again, contrary to the Western media or the Hong Kong industrialists. Basically, Hong Kong industrial picked up all the manufacturing they had in Hong Kong and moved to Shenzhen because of tax breaks because of much lower cost. The next group to invest in China were actually from Taiwan. They invested in Dongguan. They subsequently invested their plants outside of Shanghai in Kunshan. These two fat groups created the basis, the fundamentals that taught the Chinese how to manufacture efficiently and effectively with high quality. Before that happened. There was the iron bowl principle in China. Basically people show up for work, read newspapers, have long lunches, just sit around and it didn't matter if they work hard or didn't work hard. So it's important to note that at that point, American companies entering in China are very small in numbers. I dare to say though during that period, China requires foreign investment to form joint ventures. No one can make a wholly owned operation in China. And this is before entering a WTO in 2001. Of course, to encourage the transfer of know how an intellectual property, China will allow the foreign company to put in their technology as 25% of the equity in a joint venture up to 25% and exact percentage were negotiable between the Chinese partner and the outside company. In that way they did bring in intellectual property in an orderly continuous way. Now, in 2001 was important because first of all those 911 and Johnson being called George W to express his condolences and indicate that we are together, China and us together to fight global terrorism. The only thing was with China entered a WTO. Now, we tend in this country we tend to portray that as a free ride for China. That's far from the truth. In 2001 to run G was the premier and the economics are inside China. He actually had to shut down many of the state on enterprises because they were inefficient. They had to change. They no longer stay on companies no longer own schools, hospitals, canteens, things like that. They privatize everything. The apartments that the employees were saying they allow them to buy at a low price so that they now own their own dwellings and units. In other words, there was a substantial economic reform that to run G had to have to make happen before China was getting ready for WTO, and he in fact made a comment that I have created so many enemies internally are going to have my coffin ready just in case. Probably, but after WTO, of course, China's economy start to really boom around 10% 11% 12% a year. That basically means that economy was doubling at every seven years. By the time the financial crisis hit in 2008, China was already a very important part of the world economy. To the point that Hank Paulson, the Secretary of Treasury under George W made number of trips to Beijing to consult and confer with the leaders in Beijing to make sure that the Beijing economic policies was not going to make the US economic situation worse. In other words, the US needed China's support to keep the economy afloat and not sink. As a matter of fact China, what they did was they invested, they didn't do quote unquote qualitative easing. They invested heavily in infrastructure. That's how they had a high speed rail with underground metro systems in the major cities in interstate like highway bridges across Yangtze and other spectacular construction and all that investment created demand for material supply and kept the whole world economy from collapsing. That was 2008. In exchange for what the China did by then Hu Jingtao was the head of the Chinese government. When he came to visit he basically suggested to, I think by then Obama might have been the president suggested that, you know, we are now. We consider ourselves a peer nation to the United States. We no longer in much polite term more polite terms in the way I'm pretty. We no longer see ourselves as a little brother and the nice and America Uncle Sam is the big brother. That didn't sit well with Obama's team, and it certainly did not sit well to subsequent successors Donald Trump and Joe Biden. It's interesting to know that China was always in sort of a love hate relationship, even going back to Bill Clinton. When he ran against George H Bush, he criticized George HW Bush as being soft on China. After he got elected, he found that he had to find all kinds of ways to get along with China because how that was how important the relationship was. And every president succeeding always attacked the sitting president for being soft on China, until they become president. Now Trump was different. Trump came in, and he thought he knew the answer to make America great again. He was going to launch a real trade war against China. He raised the terrorists on Chinese goods, and he thought that meant that all the factories that's in China was going to come back to the United States. No such thing happened. As a matter of fact, with that tariff barrier on the Chinese export or export to US or US import Chinese goods went up 40% because the economy of what China has to sell was still attractive. And the tariff, the free money that Trump talked about ended up being paid by the Americans consumer. So it's very disappointing today that Biden has not seen fit to tear up whatever Trump did, but it's just grudgingly and slowly trying to move away but basically still trying to have his cake and eat it too. So, can we have one other thing I didn't have on this calendar was the ridiculous arrest of men ones or the daughter of Huawei, but it's, you know, but in the interest of time I'm going to cut cut that part out. So, don't please next slide please. So, I'm going to quickly go through some of these complaints that China. The US has levied at China unfair track track trade practices well that's that's the favorite thing that Donald Trump levied I don't think we need to go into that very much intellectual property theft was I mentioned during the early years when they form it from the joint venture. There's intellectual property transfer. That's part of the deal. Secondly, Huawei and the many of the Chinese companies, they pay royalty to American companies and communications and computer and many other things. They pay royalty for license licensing royalty. Third thing, take stealing intellectual property is pretty much a standard operating procedure for every aspiring country against a established country. One of the best example is the United States in the early years. Alexander Hamilton sent people over to UK to outright steal the technology the industrial technology that was part of UK. Until the country reaches a certain level and certain point before they can seize to have to steal or copy or reverse engineer, all the other terms just so happen in Silicon Valley where I live. The intellectual property is very much used as a weapon that the big companies used to club over the small company alleging infringement, taking them to court, etc. That's why abuses. Well, Hong Kong and you and the Xinjiang Uyghurs were two examples and previous seminar on October 27 by Don and by judge Julie Tang had covered that very, very well so I won't go into it. But site one example, anecdotal example, if you just contrast the way the two countries deal with it. There was a TikTok piece about a young woman from China who apparently married a American and came over to the, to set to the Bay Area. And she asked her husband, how come there's so many homeless people over the streets.   That's amazing. An advanced country like this could have homeless people running around like this. Heck, in China, let me tell you what we do. If we find a homeless person in the city, we call a public security. Public security comes and interview this person, find out where he's from. And most of the time they're not from the local they're from some rural area. They buy him a train ticket, they put him on a train, they send him back to the rural area. When he arrives at the other end, the local government is there to receive him, and if he has family there they would come and pick him up and take him home. There's no family anymore he's by himself. The local government would take care of him and put him an arrest in a some sort of a home.  It's a much more civilized human human way, and it's no indication of human rights violation, compared to what we're doing in this country. Basically, threat to national security. That's a, that's the handy dandy excuse that we are using whenever we don't, we, China is do something we don't like. And of course, Christopher Ray, the director of FBI has made it very popular that all Chinese in this country are potential spies that too has been covered by the previous webinar. I just want to point out that by blackening the image of the Chinese scientists and engineers and technologies, working in the US, we are cutting our nose to spite our face, because they have more than polar away.  After cotton from Arkansas. He made a very interesting coming he said that the Chinese come and study Shakespeare, implying that the we shouldn't let them come to to join the stem schools, like an MIT or Stanford. I, I wrote a commentary and said, you know, the Chinese should go to university Arkansas and learn how to be a football power a college football power in the AP poll top 10, the freedom of navigation. We don't chat we don't see any Chinese exercising their freedom and navigation in the Caribbean off the coast of Hawaii or California. So, but the Americans are exercising their freedom and navigation in the South China Sea off the coast of China. In the old days, when the, when China is militarily weak. They basically couldn't do anything about it by just sit and watch. And of course there was one important incident which happened during George W's ring when they a Chinese jet collided with the spy plane off the coast of high nine Island. And that created a quite an incident I believe that was 2001. But, you know, we, we, anytime we have the freedom of navigation, and the Chinese then start to build a missile base landfill the islands, put in weapons to try to deter the ships. They get upset, and we say see they're being aggressive, because they're trying to defend the South China Sea. And of course, recently USS Connecticut, they wanted a more potent nuclear subs apparently ran into something. But at least in that case they couldn't blame the Chinese will putting putting in the under seas mountain that created the collision. And one other point, you guys like to say China violated the enclose which is a United Nations Convention on the law of seas. Well heck, in the first place us never was never a signatory to that particular UN convention. Secondly, they're referring to a court of arbitration that the US put Philippine to to complain about a dispute on the island. The court of arbitration has no standing in the United Nations. It depends on voluntary participation by the two parties involved. China never agreed to the arbitration so when the arbitration one gave Philippines the award. China didn't recognize it, but that didn't stop us from saying see China violated the enclose, whereas the arbitration has nothing to do with the convention on law of the seas. Something to keep in mind. Taiwan has always been a red line situation because China has considered Taiwan to be important part of China, and has always. During the past time declaration, the condition the one of the stipulation of unconditioned unconditional surrender of Japan was that Japan must give back all the islands that they occupied. That includes the four northern islands back to us as our one island between Korea and Japan that went to Korea and Taiwan back to China. In fact, one of the islands that should have gone back to China is the Diao Yutai, which is the Japanese called Senkaku. But the US organized a 1951 UN conference, ostensibly UN conference to settle all the things having to do with the reparation of World War Two. Neither Taiwan government, all the Beijing government were invited to that convention, and therefore they had no say and no agreement on the death deposition. And because of the Korean war. The PRP a had to stop the campaign and they were prepared to take to overtake Taiwan. At this point, because of what we're the Congress is trying to do and what Biden is trying to do. They are increasing the sensitivity and the liability of Taiwan as a, as a spark that could spark the next conflict. From the Taipei government headed by Tsai Ing-wen. She is emboldened to keep pushing the red line because she thinks the American will come back come to her aid. The natural progression. The Beijing is perfectly willing to wait for the natural progression, the settlement between the two sides across the straight. If the US truly want to interfere, then that will have serious consequences. It's important. It's also important to know that all along China has said, yes, we have nuclear war weapons, but we will always be the second we will never be the first to use the weapons. And we will maintain credible second strike capability to deter anybody from thinking otherwise from attacking us. So of course, as us develop more and more potent weapons, China will have to keep up, they will have to maintain a credible second strike. But the investment for viable second strike is many times smaller than the investment needed to develop the shock and all mighty weaponry that the United States is developing at very great cost to our federal budget. Now, although this is being abetted by our mainstream media. And it's easy. It's easy to see why there is this incentive for negative, negative input about China. It's a really career enhancer for all the naysayers about China and the biggest example is Gordon Chang. He wrote the book about collapse of China 20 years ago. And he has been shown to be way off base time and time and time again. But the media loves a guy like that. He gets interviewed. He gets on CNN, Fox News, all the national, and he's always asked about his opinion, even though his opinion is not worth the paper it's printed on. Peter Navarro is another example. He taught a course on China in UC Irvine. He didn't know anything about China. He got a graduate student to, to set up the course curriculum, except for the last part which is the base on his book about the death of death by China and, and all the nonsense that he wrote. But never let us, you can see that he used it as a career enhancer and I don't need to go into that. Until he was that until he did that, he ran for office in San Diego, and he lost every time he couldn't even get elected as a dog catcher. Adrian sense, I think. Don talked about in the context of Xinjiang. Another clear example of mainstream infraction BBC British broadcast company actually had a video showing the exploitation of young Uyghur women to work in sweatshops. And that looks so authentic. But thank goodness somebody. I forgot which one one of the expats living in China show. It was actually a CG TN, in other words, a Chinese documentary talking about the benefits of inviting young Uyghur women to go and to go away get away from home to work in factories. Get away from Xinjiang, make a decent living and be able to convince her family then to join her and make an established improve their lifestyle and standard living. The tearful part that BBC use in their documentary was when she had to leave home for the first time, and, and young Uyghur women are very close to their family, and this was a tearful scene. But it's so easy to take something legitimate and turn it into a distortion. Next slide please. Okay, so I'm not going to go through this point by point but I'm simply you want to point out the big differences between the way China operates and what China believes in, and what the how the United States does. Okay, so it's important to note that China has a family community neighborhood orientation, individual rights, individual liberty and freedom. It's not a, it's not an important concept to them. Okay. But because of the way the central government cares about the people, they have taken 800 million or 850 million people out of poverty. Today, they can claim nobody in China lives in poverty. The way they govern with engineers, mostly engineers and not, I don't know if they have any lawyers in the, in the government. They pry and place stability as the most important consideration because with a stable society in a stable country, then you can develop the economy in an orderly way. China doesn't have OSHA doesn't have environmental impact statements does not have two parties bickering when they make a decision, they get things done. We haven't gotten things done for a long time in this country. China does not believe in interfering with anybody else's internal affairs. They believe in working within the UN, not above or outside the UN. They believe that the Belt and Road Initiative is a win-win arrangement. They can apply their skills, their expertise to design and build roads, bridges, railroads and help other countries. In fact, they started doing that even in the Mao era for the Zambia to Tanzania Railroad. They make friends this way. The way they get promoted is that they have to execute at every level. They start out maybe as a township leader, they go to a mayor of the city, then maybe become the governor or the party secretary. Every step of the way you are graded, evaluated and then you have the opportunity to move up. We know in this country, the way you move up is that you have to raise a lot of money for campaign. And after you get elected, you have to raise more money so that potential opponents will come, will not come and compete against you. China believes in infrastructure investments, and they have been doing so and because of their infrastructure investment experience, they have been able to take it and apply to the road and belt initiative over elsewhere. And they believe in science, they believe in education, and they are using that, as I said before, to develop sufficient credible weapons for destruction. They have one military base outside of China at Djibouti, and that was established with the concurrence of Djibouti government to supply and support the ships, the Chinese naval ships that was patrolling off the coast of Africa against the pirates. United States have more than 800 military bases around the world. And we talk about China being the aggressor, being the threat to the US security. Let's go to the next slide. Done. These are just some selected. You have to speak a little bit faster. Okay. Okay, I'm going to go quickly. So, we've been accusing China of lagging behind and copying us and so on and so forth. Well, here's some examples where China is, has exceeded the United States in terms of market share. The one example, not true is semiconductors, but actually 47% of accredited US are chips designed. The manufacturing capacity in China and the US now is around only about 17%. Let's go down. Let's go next. The Ash Center at Harvard has been tracking satisfaction of Chinese people on the Beijing government. And as you can see, it's up to 93% in the last year taken. The local level is not as approved, approval is not as high, because that's where the people sometimes suffer from the local corruption problems. How does the US compare? Well, after 290 days, which is about what? A little over nine months. The approval for Biden is 42.9%. Disapproval is 50.4%. And by the way, that's better than Trump's figures on the comparable days. Let's go on to the next slide. This is, I have to explain. Pew Research recently did a survey on how is US faring as a model for democracy? You know, what do you think of the US as a model of democracy? And they asked some selected countries and I picked off a few of these just to show you. The first figure there, for example, in the case of UK is 56%. What that number is saying, we don't think the US is any longer a suitable model for democracy. The next number, 21%, is the number that says we never thought US was a good model of democracy. So if you add it up together, it's about 80%, including the United States. Now, United States is the biggest number is the 72%. Although South Korea has that one beat. Let's go to the next slide. So, where are we going at this point? Well, already China is a bigger trading partner than the US with 128 countries. That will mean something when they start to think and then they're forced to choose. When the COVID hit, everybody's economy shrank, but the US, but China still grew by 6%. US investment in China in 2020 has not decreased because they see the company see whether where the profit potential lies. In terms of technology, China has the only space station aloft. Their Beidou is rivaling GPS and some deals is even better. They have 41 space launch this year. By threatening to decouple technology, I think this will force China to accelerate their own development. Okay, so, as I showed before, the sentiment towards the US is increasingly disillusioned. And of course, after the end of the forever war in Afghanistan, it seems that the credibility of China at US has taken even a bigger hit. And as far as surpassing US economy is concerned, it's inevitable because of the people involved. In fact, in terms of purchasing parity, China's economy is already bigger than the US. But that shouldn't be a problem. You know, in the first place, per capita in US will continue to be higher than China for a long time. And besides, economic growth is good for both sides. I think one saving grace for the United States at this point is that the dollar is everybody's reserve currency. The US can get away with printing more and more dollars and get away with it. Next slide please. I think it's obvious, and I probably don't need to go to this point by point but it's obvious that global challenges needs collaboration between the two great powers. One works and don't trust the other. These things are not going to get done. And all of them, but I will comment on one thing that has been distorted and misrepresented and that's the climate change issue. The UN environmental report recently pointed out, China has been investing for the decade investing in green energy at twice the amount the US has been investing. And China has more wind energy and solar energy capacity. And they are, and this is a UN report. They are now positioned to be the primary supplier of clean economy. In other words, they're going to be making the windmills they'll be making the solar panels. One surprising fact, before we move on is that coal fire power in the United States in 2021 this year increased by 22% over last year. Think about that. Next slide. CNN, we interviewed Jake Solomon, the National Security Advisor, and here's his quote. We are not starting a cold war. We're not looking to contain China. We just want a rule based international order that's favorable to American people's interests. You can read this in other, in other words, my conclusion. If we get to make the rules, we're good to go. Our rules is the rule based international order. So, that's where we're coming from. One other thing, beware of people for the center of New America's security. Next week, KJ No, we'll talk more about it, but 16 members of the Biden administration belongs to CNN as including such people as Blinken, Solomon, Campbell, and so on. They are all in favor of pushing for war with China. Their biggest donor is Northrop Grumman, and then State Department and then DOD, and the Taipei government. Clearly, there's a conflict of interest of what they're pushing for and and their donors. Last slide please, Don. So, there's the article written by Laura Ruggieri, and she's her last sentence was insanity is doing the same thing over and over again, and expecting a different result. Someone should tell the Biden team. I understand that other than someone should tell the Biden team the first part was attributed to Albert Einstein at one point. Whereas I think we desperately need some new thinking to change our policy. The cartoon on the right came from my friend Johnson Choi. It was drawn up in, in China. And the Chinese cartoon apparently don't know the proper image for Uncle Sam but otherwise, so Johnson label the USA and, and in China. And this cartoon says it all. China off the plank. And the US will go down with it. With that, I look forward to Q&A. Thank you. Thank you. Sorry, I guess we ran out of time. Yeah, well, let's, let's find a couple of minutes. Let's, let's go look at the, as you see, I was sharing the screen. Okay, let me look at the queue. I did not have a chance to look at the Q&A. Yeah, I'm looking at it now. Can I go. Can I do that? Yeah, go ahead, look at it and see if there's some some questions that you would like to answer. Yeah, it's participation China Korean company a notable event. Well, I cut it out only because it's too many other things to cover. It's a combination where you have a creating cooperation between, you know, cooperation was pretty successful until, until Obama years and then subsequently to Trump and to Biden. If only we stopped looking at China as an adversary, I think we are well on the way to cooperating. I know in China governance. What what I meant to say and maybe I didn't say it clearly is that people officials who are mayors and governors and others that get appointed and gets promoted. They have to prove they're competent and capable every step along the way. They're capable and they're not competent. They are move aside, for example, recently the mayor of Jinzhou, I believe was fired, because he didn't handle the flooding very well and people died and property damage and so on. That's what I mean about it's not being elected. It's been proven and and then you are selected. I think by the Communist Party, there's a, there's a group that monitors and K tracks of how everybody is doing. It's mirad, mirad, mirad, miradocracy, not financial campaigning. I guess that's it. Okay. Hey, do you want to address the last question. Which one recommendation will you have for creating cooperation between us and China. Oh, we, I already, I already did that by just simply saying the first step is to stop looking and treating China as an adversary. If you, if you don't treat China as an adversary, everything can go can collaborate much easier. Okay, next question. Do you think us and China can cooperate and bell and road, instead of a threat is a benefit. It's it's down and row is a win-win arrangement. There's plenty of room for anybody and everybody to participate China cannot do it all. They don't have the resources to do it the whole world to improve needs trains and trains. And Biden is in the process of introducing American version of mountain row or whether they can see succeed or not succeed. They're welcome to do it. It's, it's a necessary thing that that. Again, sort of a rising tide floats all boats, if the world economy improves, everybody's going to benefit. And the US can do what they do best versus what China can do so much the better. There's no competition. There's no win, win, lose arrangement in the belt and row type of idea. Okay. Let me just elaborate on some of the things that you mentioned. You know, because, as you said, the key one of the key questions between United States and China is the issue of Taiwan. However, just like you said, if you look at them from history, and you also look at it from a legal perspective. It really has no ground on his position in respect to Taiwan, because as you said if you look at all the historical treaties, all the agreements by various international parties, such as the custom decoration you mentioned, such as the Cairo such as the World War Two Japanese around the statement signed on the battleship original Missouri. They all said that Japan should give up return Taiwan back to China. And I think that did not say that was a 1951 San Francisco peace treaty. As you said, there was a mask mastermind by the United States and China, whether it's the Republic of China, or the people's Republic of China was not invited to that conference, even though 51 other countries were invited to that conference, and China was a country that suffered the most during the Second World War. So, from a legal perspective from a historical perspective, United States has no ground on the issue of Taiwan. And similarly on other issues. That's what you mentioned about South China sea and so on. Yeah, well let me, let me, let me add one comment to what you said down about Taiwan. Okay. illegal has never stopped the United States from doing anything they want, but never stop. However, you us must know and understand. Taiwan is a red line that if they cross China will not back down they will have to respond, because the leaders in China will be kicked out of the office if they don't respond. This is a very emotional issue for them from the mainland China, Taiwan is part of China, Taiwan cannot be wrestled away. If it means war. So be it. And that's what the US has to keep in mind and remember. Okay, thank you very much. Since we have basically exhausted all the questions already. So, and since we're running over time. So, George, I just want to say, thank you very much for your very informative and insightful discussion, or US China relationship in the 20th and 21st century. Thank you. Thank you everybody and thank you for taking it. It's been a pleasure. Before we leave, I just want to make a couple announcements. One is that I want to show you what comes next. Okay. This is the next week, which is our last webinar. As we said last time, we also added another speaker Sheila Xiao is a co founder of pivot to peace she will be one of the speakers in KJ know. As a matter of fact, he's also a journalist and a writer, and he also co author some of the documents essays with speaker today George cool. And he's very knowledgeable about Asia Pacific is Korean by birth. And I'm looking forward to their joint presentation next week. Okay, the last thing I want to say is that next week is our last webinar. And at the end of that during the webinar we're going to be handing out a distributing a survey very simple survey. It's only a few questions it takes only it actually only takes you two to three minutes to fill out the survey online, you can do that online.  And then they will help us to decide what programs we should sponsor in the future, and what programs is of interest to you. Okay, anything else anybody wants to say. And as far as the replay, we already send that out today. And you expect the replays for this week will be send it out sometime next week. And also, the replay links are also you can find the find them at the coalition PCS website. And I believe that link has been posted in the chat today. And, and we hope that you sign the petition or coalition PCS initiative, and you can find that link in the chat box today. Okay, once again, thank you very much. And thank you George, and I hope to see you all next week. Bye. Bye.


Hello? Hello? Okay, it works. Okay. Hello, everyone. Thank you all for coming here. And I'm Huicheng from Senang Corporation. I'm also a community manager for China Obstacle User Group. Today, my topic is DevOps in Obstacle Public Cloud. So, what's DevOps and what does it look like for Obstacle Public Cloud? And DevOps is described in Wikipedia as a software method that combines the communication and integrated of software developers and operators. But here, today, I'm not going to talk more about the development methodology of DevOps, but instead, I want just to answer some questions. For example, what we have done in the past years for Obstacle and the world, how do we operate Obstacle Public Cloud? And so, what does Obstacle Public Cloud look like? Here are some examples. HP Cloud is the first and also the biggest Obstacle Public Cloud. It's under 90s. It was totally based on Obstacle. And Rex-based Cloud and the Internet will again key in the United States, in the cloud in European and the KT from Korea. However, they never tell you how to operate it. There are public cloud based on Obstacle and they never... But since then, as an Internet company in China, we operate the first public cloud in China and we would like to share with you about how we implement our own public cloud. I hope you... I will let you down today. I have several topics. The first is about changes in building Obstacle Public Cloud, including network technology and security enhancement solution and identity integration, viewing and monitoring and dashboard improvement. The second part is talking about how to operate production in Obstacle environment, including platform connection, automatic development and CI system. So there are so many topics here. So... Also, the third part is talking about the second part is community Obstacle Public Cloud, which is initiated by Sinan Obstacle team. Sinan is... Before I go to... Before I move forward, I will talk about our cloud requirement. Sinan is an online media company for China and the Chinese community around the world. Sinan was founded in 1998 when the World Wide Web was just introduced in China. It now operates several multiple biggest websites in China for tens of billions page views per day. Now Sinan operates two major business. The first is Sinan.com and the second is Sinan Weibo. Sinan.com is the largest mobile information department of a portal in China. It provides various online services like news, finance, video, email service, and blog hosting. For Sinan.com, it is a unified infrastructure and app platform to host heterogeneous apps in one single platform. So as for Sinan Weibo, Sinan Weibo is a micro-brown service and more often is regarded as a hybrid of Facebook and Twitter. Weibo was launched in 2009. It has experienced explosive growth in its early days. Now it has 15 million users. It's definitely the number one SNS social platform in China. And Weibo also has huge influence on China's society because it speeds up the information flow and protects freedom of speech. Weibo also has an open platform. It wants to build a social ecosystem through its open API and it's called environmental. I'm from Sinan. Our responsibility is to build a reliable, highly scalable and secure cloud infrastructure to support our own business as well as some external customers especially for small companies and startups. Sinan Cloud has three different products. The first is Sinan App Engine. Sinan App Engine is the first and most popular PS platform in China which launched in 2009 supported web application written by PHP, Python and Java and now it has 250,000 developers who have developed 380,000 apps running on SE which is a big business in China. The second is Sinan Cloud Market is the first cloud market in China. It's a cloud store based on SE technology which means it can lower the price to a very low level. It was designed Sinan App Engine is based on web developers while Sinan Cloud Market is focused on ordinary users. Sinan Web Services is the first cloud-based company as cloud in China. The rest of our slides we'll talk about this platform. First, I want to talk about our involvement in the community. From the beginning when we began our project, we were deeply involved in the community development. In the first release, we are ranked in the top 10 list by change set or by bug fix. So let's talk about the challenges to build OpenStack public cloud. First, in our experience to deploy in OpenStack environment, the biggest and possibly the most important issue is not working. Here is a comparison table of no network and the quantum. Before ESX, we have only one choice that is no network, but now first we have another turner key with quantum. So which is better for you and which is better for public cloud? We can say that quantum supported turning and ESX, but unfortunately it doesn't support a multi-host and a secret group until now, maybe we will support after the next six months. But for now, it will be some issues to maybe some performance issues and security issues in public cloud. So here is our comments regarding the choice. No network is simple, robust and reliable service even though there are some advanced features, which these features may be not very applicable by most of the adopters. So this is not ready for production use from our experience and from our viewpoint, but it's always has a great potential to be the over-sourced MVP solution. So my suggestion is to continue using no network in production environment and clear the next release while paying a close attention because you can now quantum have OS and open source and other solutions or the commercial backend such as Nasera backend and Cisco uss. And so we talk more about no network things is is running very very in our production environment so I will talk more about it. No one has three different network topologies first is FNAT. FNAT mode is not very practical deployment since there is some external ACP server and some human intervention it may be not very flexible. While FNAT ESCP in my viewpoint I think is amazing EC2 networking even though I don't know about the underlying infrastructure of amazing EC2 but from a user point we can see that FNAT ESCP and amazing networking share a lot of common features and quantum in this never more like amazing VPC FNAT ESCP is basically what can exist the machine and get an IP from one single network which is very simple and easy to hack now FNAT ESCP is widely used in public cloud and also preferred topology in many scenarios both for private and public cloud. VNAT manager is a new company from our viewpoint it needs some hardware configuration I'm not very suggest to use VNAT manager except you have very strong isolation here is here is a rear a little topology in our production environment I need a different from the official recommendation because we have done some customization first this topology this topology works very well in our production environment but it has some drawbacks the most drawbacks is that all the virtual machines in the same L2 layer it will be very hard for in large the scale of the virtual machines so it may be a potential issue in this network but in our production environment it supports hundreds of features it will be okay in our production environment and I should for this diagram I should write a very non-article to articulate our configuration and our tradeoff to design such a topology but I first talked about some basics from the pictures we can see that it has three different networks red lines represent the virtual machine and black represents the management network you may notice that virtual machine switch and management switch has the same uplink to internal core router there may be dangerous for us because in the opposite environment there will be a lot of external users which is not trusted how to handle these securities we have done some security enhancement we have developed a service theater extension to secure group in our network it is used to filter the egress traffic from virtual machine to our internal network from outside to to the virtual machine the service theater and secure group they have a reverse direction theater so service theater is to define the users whose traffic could be able to reach internal network IPs and segments so for the storage solution storage solution may be the next biggest challenge to operating a public cloud normally we have two types of storage one is object storage amazing S3 now thanks to SWIFT we can very easily build object storage system using SWIFT or PONOG storage and can now see there is in our viewpoint I think it's not the equipment of amazing EBS even though many developers and many guys think it is amazing is over sourced amazing EBS but I don't think so it's just a framework to include multiple over sourced and commercial solution well no one warn you and Asuka's cinder is also not applicable to public cloud because it's storage IO traffic is totally based on network but the design their architecture is not distributed and redundant so they maybe have some problems in our production environment it can not be tolerant for us so we don't use no warning to Asuka's cinder but for SHIPDog can also serve I think it needs some time to be very mature maybe one to three years ago then you can consider this plug-in I just suggest you to keep close attention to this plug-in so we development our own solution that is the INAND this is new plug-in or a new cinder storage implementation it has such features which is high performance storage and it also supports incremental and independent snapshot which this snapshot has been pushed to suite for persistent I have proposed a topic for design summit tomorrow and I will discuss more about the implementation and the architecture of this plug-in for identifying integration for Keystone as you know AWS pride is a uniform dashboard to enable users to connect all regions around the world this ability depends on powerful identify and access management system in all stack Keystone has the same ability I think and it can provide the same function for us here is an example how we use Keystone to support multi regions just like AWS for Beijing I have a region Shanghai we have a region each region have keystone instance where the keystone instance share the same database the same that may be connected to the same IP or product or the two database are replicated both okay for monitoring there are so many monitoring tools in the market like Ganglia, Nagyos and so on all could be used here but most of them require to give noise into machines that is not a tournament for us because many users may not trust the internal process so we implement a simple framework to for monitoring just some agents in the different hypervisors and connecting the CPU memory and network traffic for each instance and then aggregate this state to the non-seq storage and the dashboard access this and aggregate this state through API and we also the implementation in GitHub where another incubated object project named a thermometer it also address this problem the reason we didn't use it because we implement our own monitoring system before ASICS where it's not proposed and it's not incubated project now but now I suggest you to consider thermometer because it's more universe our implementation may have some specific consideration for our own environment here is the dashboard monitoring for BnM BnM system is about how to make money so it's definitely very important component for public cloud and obviously the signal meter also address the BnM problem but in our implementation we separated to different project the features including keeping track of BnM keeping track of BnM information to charge tenants is very flexible customization or payment policies it addresses how much and how often to charge for resource unit it handles some BnM method such as paid or pay as you go it also has coupon coupon support you can also check out the source code in the GitHub we charge for instance bandwidth and public IP and node balance first let's talk about the dashboard first I must admit that we finally abandoned the official dashboard project namely Horizon the reason is very easy it's not very easy to customize it's not very easy to customize so you can see in the cloud market in order for best cloud they are all using the same identical dashboard so we don't like the official UI so we need to customize another technical reason is that the backend implementation is not very convenient for us to do second development what we need to do is to customize another reason is that it's very hard to keep up the space of Horizon or you can see Horizon cannot catch up our own requirement so we decoupled the front-end design the backend implementation to make the dashboard at night wait front-end the second thing we separated the user console and the admin console we have pay another mention attention to admin console because for us admin console is very quick so we need to customize the core cluster the core of the environment so this is the official dashboard I can show our own implementation so from the beginning we have the first version we totally change the UI but also based on Horizon and then the second version I need to like AWS but then it's also based on Horizon but our latest dashboard is totally abandoned of Horizon divided by ourselves so I will talk more about this some new features in our dashboard you can see the different square means virtual machine and longer encounter means there may be some performance issue or some risk in this so you can see what happened what's the problem and what's the issue within the virtual machine and this all of you use the dashboard for monitoring very like AWS monitoring page for then for okay this is the admin console for admin console in the left side we have another small square each small square represents a physical server and the number within the square it means the number of virtual machines in this host then we can you can you can see the detail detail status of the host this is another view of admin dashboard so that's coming to another, the second topic how to operate production of stack environment first we use to connect different which server we use the OS distribution the hyperweather the storage so for the physical server we use because the stack is very independent for the physical server so it can we can keep an eye on the stack so we can keep an eye on the stack in our existing physical servers so what do we have is 2-year X86 and we use Ubuntu because Ubuntu is in the beginning and the more important is some scripts and has only work in Ubuntu so another reason is that all our stuff is using Ubuntu desktop we are very familiar with the package system with the software management and for the hyperweather we use QM so in general we hardly dispute about the selection of QM or then because until now QM already run but also from our own viewpoint I think QM has run the battle for the hyperweather selection until now we can hardly heard that some new project then most of them are QM the reason is very easy QM is more easy to manage we do not need to invest much on the hyperweather layer we just focus on our overstate service development and focus on our deployment we no longer care about the hyperweather because QM handled all the things for us for the underlying storage for some physical servers we use SAS disk with red 1.0 or red 5 support or for some other type we are using SSD backend which some of the customers need high performance high performance high performance sorry for example for MySQL database and other allocation so the challenge is give annoying cloud cloud is big data center especially for public cloud so the requirement is to provision large scale physical infrastructure in very few minutes as well as software development most importantly we need the tourists to orchestrate all the heterogeneous components including the physical servers network devices and other components which is a very big challenge for us here are some automation tours we use our production environment the never side is development tours we use GATE for the code hosting and for the word management we also use a DB repo to build the package for testing and for production environment and for the operation tours we use the most two important I think the most important tour is FOMEN FOMEN is used to give an OS on the bare matter automatically and PAPID is used to deploy a service or to do system configuration upon the operating system so when the OpenStack class is ready we need some other tours we use Xabix to monitoring the physical servers we also have our own implementation our own dashboard to monitoring servers and at the same time we use some open source tours here is our CI system we use Garrett to do code review and the Jackins was triggered by another events to do the packaging to tell the users your commitments fail or your commitments success and I think this core CI system is totally from the communication it's from the community why we use these tours because the community use it so we use it in our for our team collaboration the whole system it works very well in our employment for project management we use open source variant notepad we communicate notepad in in-house and put all our internal project to our in-house notepad so the second thing I will talk about is community public cloud for us so one sentence to describe is a community free public cloud more than just open-source sandbox I mean before there is a tri-stake project which is just open-source sandbox and maintained by the community but for Stagnav it may have some different mission so I will talk more about it another reason why we notice Stagnav is that tri-stake is not accessible from China because it's using the Facebook notepad which is totally denoted by the government due to some I don't know the underlying reason so okay and why Stagnav not everyone has the ability to run an open-source public cloud when no resource is no users, no market but Stagnav will change this what does it mean for all for many of us we most of the developers do development in-house or build a tri-system or just build a a delta-stake instance in the laptop or in one single physical service but most importantly the developers cannot know the re-experience of users no and the developers also didn't have the given opportunity to operate online open-source environment it often means another for investment even if you have physical service or you have resources you can't get a lot of users to try your platform so Stagnav has three goals for different users for different layers for obviously users who experience Stagnav they understand what exactly Stagnav is and what does it provide for users it can also have applications on Stagnav or use in Stagnav API which can build a phase of Stagnav this user can be the later adopters of Stagnav or a support and for OpenStack computers or developers involved in Stagnav they can test in batches on real production like environmental and get feedback and they can also facilitate the development and QA process and also gain the experience from operating a Stagnav without the risk of SRA because it is free and the developers also can have better understanding the requirement of OpenStack users or their potential customers for Stagnav sponsors and in OpenStack community and also can own one Stagnav region in their own data centers they can also have free access to our technical support and consultant from Stagnav DevOps team I want to emphasize one point that is for Stagnav sponsors who sponsor the physical service they can deploy the one Stagnav node in their own data center which means that you own all the resources and you can get the users from outside and you also have the support from the developer and from the community so how to join Stagnav for is very easy just go to Stagnav it's already online you can access it and and without improvement by the mean and for OpenStack contributors to join Stagnav they can first must pass away their company to become a Stagnav sponsor thus you will have Stagnav region in your own data center you will have the administrator of the Stagnav for OpenStack sponsors just sign agreement with Stagnav and Stagnav have you to build a Stagnav environment and then your region is listed in the Stagnav portal so you will get a lot of users from the from the company there are some ways to join Stagnav and this is the dashboard for Stagnav you can choose different regions before you log in to the Stagnav after you log in to the Stagnav so I have a summary first OpenStack is definitely the best open source cloud platform for building public cloud I call it a solution because I have tried and compared OpenStack from other open source cloud platforms just because our sincere trust for OpenStack this trust comes from in particular for open open source open community and open development and open design now OpenStack growing first growing ecosystem around OpenStack is no window-locking features also provide us great opportunities not only in business but also in career another is that OpenStack public cloud is much more customization and development to differentiate you from other OpenStack public cloud and also requires strong technical skills and development in the community okay, thank you I'll check the time maybe the time is so if you have any questions you can ask me later


Performance of sword.  He's already got a secret rare Here we go.  Wow two super rares red archery girl and maha vile It's like three supers in a row ancient one of the forest fire cracking Oh a banisher of the light he got okay. Is this the moment to break the streak ultra rare.


Thailand's capital city Bangkok was ranked number one on Mastercard's list of global destination cities index last year. This year, government officials say the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great challenge to tourism. The Department of Disease Control says they have kept the pandemic under control in Thailand and Bangkok. One tourist agrees. Considering COVID-19, I feel safe to be here in Bangkok. Professor Korkae Arnans from Sibetan University says the government's goal to generate $47 billion is unlikely. I think the highest number is impossible to reach and more knowing that we still don't know when the end of the pandemic is going to happen. Chinese tourists have been the largest group to visit Thailand in recent years, but tourism companies are struggling to have a plan for the future. We are required to follow government's COVID instructions. Tourists have stopped to visit Thailand since January. Professor Arnans says the government should encourage domestic tourism and allow for international tourists from countries with low risk of COVID-19. Reporting for BUTV10, I'm Maya Lauhapuneng Si.


Hello, this is Dr. Joseph Underwood, emergency medicine physician at Hackensack Meridian Health. Health emergencies don't stop because of the COVID-19 pandemic, so if you're experiencing heart attack symptoms like chest pain or stroke symptoms including balance or vision problems, please call 9-1-1 immediately. To learn more about how Hackensack Meridian Health is providing you the best healthcare during this pandemic, visit hackensackmeridianhealth.org Get care now.


You're still missing one Nice job, Junkrat Just don't stay at the choke, just push right on through it Go, go, go, go, go, go Go, go, we have a good pick Yeah, we have a good pick D.va, D.va, D.va Mercy, go in, get on the point