Hey guys, it's Nate A.K. the Foot Account and welcome back to the channel. There was a crazy SPC that was dropped yesterday that is literally going into everybody's team and I don't think any of us expected the dramatic effect it was gonna have on this game or really on the cards on the market that people are selling because they're doing this new SPC into their team. We gotta talk about that because it is one of the biggest singular position market crashes I've ever seen on a position in this game like ever. Crazy drops in one day all because EA dropped one simple SPC and with that of course we gotta look forward to whose SPC is gonna be dropping today as a part of ultimate birthday and what else is going on on a Tuesday? It's Gamble Tuesday but is it gonna be a bit of a slower day? It might be. We'll talk about that and how to make some coins today as well on this game. If you're excited for it drop a thumbs up, subscribe if you are new. Also I do have to say if you noticed on the thumbnail today there's the birthday hat whatever it is my birthday today 28 years young. The best birthday present though is you guys. Thank you for watching the videos. Thank you for being in the part of the community and I am gonna open these two player picks right now just because I thought of it and because I had them on a sign before we start today's video. Speaking of today's content, what is this ADA Plus gonna bring back to us today? Is it gonna be a 104 instead of a 103? Can I get some birthday luck from Hihei Sports? Grimaldo, we're gonna go with Bernard and we're gonna go straight into the exchange. Well it is what it is or actually straight into the shoe of any SBC. So let's get into things though and first look back at yesterday and kind of talk about all this madness that's going on with this one player SBC. But before we get there we'll look at the upgrade Monday grind that we got. Upgrade Mondays guys, right? We always get the upgrade packs every single Monday. They refresh often on those days. Instead of the 81 plus player pick coming back we had the 80 plus player. I think is this the better one if I'm being completely honest. This is the one that is clear if we're looking at the best player picks in this game. I'm looking at this with only six golds required with one of which needing to be a rare as the crafting upgrades are going to be mint for the next couple of days. Now these are going away. I need to check the date double check the date because if these are going to be here through the weekend that is fantastic for this promo that potentially is coming next called Golazo. We had a big leak yesterday which we'll talk about as I only get an 84 in this video today. We'll talk about that towards the end. But these player picks are out for the next six days so that it's nice to have those once again over the weekend. And that's a W. We also had the 83 plus player pick which I think I'm not really going to do. I don't know man. Whenever I see an 83 plus player pick completed I literally think to myself wow that is a player pick that somebody could have gotten three 80 pluses. I think it's about how the math works out. Three 80 pluses for almost four even to be honest for the price of one of those. I feel like I get 82 or 83 pluses in almost all of my 80 plus player picks anyway apart from a couple of them. So I feel like it's worth it to just keep cranking out the 80 pluses just because the value there is so good. But that does put the menu craft and the menu grind fully on. Of course the objective packs for the fodder we can get coupled with the exchanges the 84 times five in the menu grind with this 80 plus player pick it is fantastic right now in the menus and I'm going to try to take full advantage of that to continue to craft SBCs like so many who I'm working on right now. Now a quick stop in the challenges tab yesterday. This is an SBC that's a must do as well. Make sure you're doing your daily gold upgrades along with the exchanges right to get yourself those rare common rare golds in the club and put some of those commons into this women's marquee matchups that gives you a 50k pack tradable definitely worth it right now with all that is in packs you can hit something good or at the very least you're getting some coins back basically what you would put into this SBC back from a 50k pack so that is a very nice SBC one to not skip out on even though I'm somebody who would probably skip out on that type of SBC pretty often. Now let's talk about the real big SBC yesterday and it is a right back and it is a player by the name of reshaped you guys know who we're talking about right you saw the SBC was dropped yesterday you might have already completed it but I didn't expect this SBC to be this crazy guys I think this might be single handedly impacting the market in his position of right back more than any other SBC has been released on this game literally the entire year this is bananas the price of this SBC for one is amazing it's good for all budgets it's basically hitting everybody on this game people on large budgets with millions of coins are looking at this card and like yo I want to do it because he looks cracked people on lower budgets are like wait a second I can craft this card with just a couple of squads that it requires and I'm getting an absolutely insane right back card 91 rated reshames whipped pass plus jockey plus he doesn't have anticipate my go-to and a lot of our go-tos for defending play style he does not have that but this is an insane card right absolutely huge that boost on everywhere else except pace I was hoping that he maybe have like 93 pace but they didn't quite give him that from his dynasty's card plus one pace but five shooting five passing three defending and four physical he's going to be great going forward a lot of people if you've mentioned playing him as a center mid in game which I think high-high work rates he could be a pretty good box-to-box with that extra pace his passing is definitely good enough and his other flat passing play styles that he's got long ball pass with pass and incisive that's really really solid he's got the relentless play style as well even bruiser in there so this could be a even a box-to-box player just a great sbc all around wherever you're going to use him for 180 thousand coins look at the thumbs up on this 3200 thumbs up on this reach James and the sbc itself is by far and away one of the most thumbs up sbc's I've ever seen 96 percent thumbs up rate on the reach James unbelievable like I mean I loaded into I mean I played a couple of cup games yesterday I played a couple of champs games to give away my wins because I'd hit 11 I need to give away some wins to get the rewards and I think reach James was in like the three each of the three teams that I gifted the wins and champs right he's going to be everywhere like everywhere this guy is going to be throughout this weekend rivals he's not going to be in the cup because he's too high rated but other than that he's going to be basically everywhere and that's I guess what EA wanted to do yesterday with this game they wanted to give us a reach James that basically everybody was going to go and put in their teams now the question is Nate is he good enough to replace x y and z right back well let me show you it looks like every single type of right back on this game is down because people believe that he is good enough kafu just actually rebounded about 40k but he was panic sold so freaking much guys if you take a look at the cards that have dropped the most in the last 24 hours on footbin we've got cards like this kafu that were down 50 plus at their peak um riko luis down over 50 sasha bowie laudrup trippier cancello alex scott right backs are so muddied he's now 270 and as we just saw he's now about 300 000 coins he is rebounding back a bit but that doesn't take away from the fact that this kafu went from 525 000 coins down to 270 that is a literal halving in price all because of one player sbc and if i'm comparing kafu to the reach james i mean if you did the kafu sbc maybe if you don't want to do reach james you don't have to but i think something has to be said as well for just the new and fun car that is being released during this promo with great stats and a double playstyle plus if you've been using kafu for a long time you might as well go craft the reach james and give that car a shot right but that's just one of the cards is down riko luis from 160k down to 80 000 coins price has literally been sliced in half all because of one sbc even team of the year cards and like this kafu the thundershark kafu team of the year icon alarm is down a bunch in value because of that sbc of course pedro portal absolutely tanked in price yesterday as another prem right back but i even saw like onabatier as a team of the year she is back up now the panic was not long lived but this car went from 1.6 mil down to 1.23 she's now back up about 100k so good trading opportunity with team of the years almost anytime they get panic sold that's one thing i will mention but like that's crazy not honestly man that's crazy the team of the year right back was being sold off for the new reach james sbc so that's what's kind of happening on the market right now out of some of these right backs like onabatier it's already gone back up you can kind of actually have a trading opportunity with this this sasha bowie card is one that i would keep my eyes on closely because i sold this guy for 400 000 coins a couple days ago and he went from 380 down to 213 i picked one up at 205 000 coins this card is very rare so if you want to look at a cheap right back that you you've been wanting for your team for a from a different league or a different links right primarily right backs i would probably stay away from those those are going to stay muddied but this card is already rebounded from about 215 to about 230 he might come back down today as more people get back on the game and they start selling their right backs because you know everybody's doing reach james and they want to do reach james and that sort of thing but i think that in some time around today you would see a low point for a lot of those right backs and there might be an opportunity to pick a couple of them up and hold on to them for a while you're going to have to be holding for a hot minute because it's going to take a while for those right backs to rise back up but once the panic selling kind of ends that is a trading method i guess you would call it something of a trading method that people do on this game is they see when big sbcs drop like that they watch the panic sell they let the card price drop drop drop and then they buy it near the low and then kind of right let it rise back up just as the panic ends so that's one thing to watch out for there now as you can see here i just picked up a mudrick for 490 000 coins on bid this is a card that's had the opposite effect right people that need the chelsea links or want to go and try a chelsea card right like a mudrick or like a lauren james have gone out to the market and tried buying these cards up or they have been buying these cards up and their prices have been rising mudricks back down right now which is exactly why i'm looking at him we're going to talk about the birthday cards here in a second this is the five star skills mudrick yesterday he went from 480 which was crazy low up to 530 during the daytime his his price has been chilling around 500 000 coins for the most part but right after content when the mudrick uh when the lauren sorry let's try that again when the reese james sbc was dropped he went from 515 k all the way to 560 and then it's kind of come back down he's like 530 right now i'm trying for the five star skills version to pick him up around 510 k i think with especially with weakening rewards being paid out today that's going to bring coins to the market that's going to make these mudrick cards and some other links some other primarily links and some chelsea links potentially rise so i've bought two mudricks the weak foot version for 500 k and 490 and i'm hoping to get this one for like 510 because the skills version is just a little bit more expensive but since i've said lauren james a couple times instead of reese james let me show you her card the um relation to mr james himself from 110 000 coins she goes to 150 and she's still up at 137 000 coins so big rise there of course and that's probably going to maintain that price it's going to be an inflated price for the next couple of days as those chelsea links are very very very in demand so that's the big news right now in this game is that right backs are down bad because of an absolutely insane spc of the reese james variety now for the rest of the market i mean it wasn't really that crazy of a day yesterday a lot of prices are just chilling the foot birthday cards the icons i've been watching those very closely you see me eyeing these cards right now and even picking up that icon right card from the foot birthday icon team i just picked up this in right for 435 000 coins that price to me is so cheap i mean yesterday i sold this card right around right here i think or no i bought the i bought the weak foot one yesterday and sold them for like 517 but like this card was 450 at his low point yesterday the fact that he's lower now we have coins that are coming into the market today with rewards it makes me want to at least try to buy a couple things to see if we could potentially make some profits and as i look around this team of birthday cards and as i compared to last monday as well these cards not all of them did great last monday but if you pick your spots correctly i remember trading or the regrow yesterday he did very good or not yesterday last week on tuesday out of monday night in the tuesday he did good jota did okay i think even sakha did well so not all of them did good like i remember alex morgan got panic sold but there were some other ones that did end up moving pretty well in price i think i'm gonna chance it with a couple of these this week too i was looking to get to get hugo sanchez for a really good price and i couldn't get him as low as i wanted to he already started to go back up so i'm not going to put all my coins into this but i'm going to put some coins into it just because i believe the market still is a pretty strong place right now and it's a pretty good place to trade i'm probably not going to buy any more sakha bowies than just this one i bet like i said he's probably going to drop again later on earlier today and that could be an opportunity if you wanted to get in to go in on him but yeah i'm pretty gung-ho on some of these birthday cards from team two because i really feel like today the content is going to slow down a bit which is why i'm really watching these and potentially going to go in i just missed an opportunity to buy salaf for 4.7 million coins i let it slide by and now he's selling a 5.1 so that could have been a really good profit there um and i'm even kind of looking at some of the cards that are in the re-release like this rinoldo the lowest he's been is like right now 800k that's pretty low for him this zair emory for like 420 000 coins i remember some of the cards from the team one re-release actually ended up doing pretty well out of packs so that's just something that i'm kind of watching right now and trying to visualize is is there an opportunity for some rises there to happen here in the next couple of days i'm just trying to get back into the trading kind of uh not not grind we have been grinding a lot with trading but i didn't trade too much over the weekend just trying to get back into the swing of things and watch a lot of these prices and uh i'm going to try to bid on this for 740 if it goes any higher than that i might bid that up but yeah that's kind of what i'm watching right now as some of these cards have gotten low and often as you see the market pick up on a tuesday after footchamps rewards are paid out usually that that coin injection does make some of those prices rise now as we mentioned also earlier in the weekend i do think that a coin injection on the market in terms of the fodder or could make the fodder go up in terms of just people getting coins um from going out and getting those rewards that i think you could see some prices going up here on the higher tier especially the 91s yesterday on the stream we were saying that if you could pick up de Bruyne or holland which they were down at like 40 around 43 thousand coins maybe even a little bit lower than that on bid i thought that was a really good buy opportunity because i think today people are going to get rewards they're going to get fodder from those rewards and coins and they're going to go out and start to buy some of these players to go and again do this you have many sbc like i am working on at the moment or maybe do an sbc like ribba ree all those craftable sbcs that are going out there and and happening right now that people are doing they need that high rated fodder for and i think it's going to continue to rise especially because we've got yet again another big sbc coming on friday which we mentioned in yesterday's video of that um bini player of the month that is kind of looming over our sbc heads as well if you will um in that sort of sense that's a big sbc it's probably going to have some higher rated squad so we're watching that very very closely but that's kind of the market i think the market's going to be a great place to trade in and out of yesterday i only bought like these five cards really that was about it uh right for four sixty right for four sixty five sold at four ninety seven and five seventeen this roice i bought at 206 and then kunkus i haven't even checked his price but i sold him yesterday before the content dropped for 127 and he probably ended up going even further with the links so that's kind of extended market talking what's going on there the market's great to trade in and out of though if you want to make coins ahead of team in the season it is an amazing amazing time to do that just watch those market fluctuations up and down footband graphs are your best friend go through these old promo teams even the current promo teams if you want to mess around with that but it's safer to go to the out of packs cards for birthday team one the icons from team one and uh even two or three promos ago fantasy cards good to trade with as well even the ones that don't get any more upgrades they're rare they fluctuate great time to trade now let's talk about today our week two goodies kind of setting the table and setting up what's coming on this week is today's edition of the foot birthday sbc is luca bakeo happening today i did not even know that he was at severe i can't lie i was still thinking bundes liga when i heard his name but he is playing for severe and he's got an inform this year this one is a birthday sbc that i don't have a lot of anticipation for to be honest i think this is going to be an sbc like last week there was a couple where we were just like oh okay that's not a terrible sbc but it's not one that i'm really super duper interested in doing i think that's how most of us are going to feel about this luca bakeo today i hope that however that they gave him a really nice boost in terms of the stats and i really hope that they give him kind of you know how um the harit sbc was and actually i'm using harit in my cup team at the moment when i'm playing the cup um because he's a really good card especially with that 88 rated aspect to him oh more in rides for 4 429 sign me up let me get one of those um with that luca bakeo coming today i hope he's just got boosted stats he's a bit taller so i could see it being maybe like i don't know his regular card has got technical and flair maybe some aerial goes on in there maybe a little finesse plus i'm always down for finesse plus but he's six foot two so we'll see what kind of sbc he gets today but he is getting a player sbc and then of course as we already opened up the sbc at the beginning of the video today's gamble tuesday we always get a player pick on a tuesday and uh they've been slowly just getting this sbc more and more beefy as time goes on so today i'm going to guess since it was a one of three that we just opened i'm going to guess it's still an 88 rated 88 plus but they're going to make it one of four that's just my guess because they've been doing that in the past couple of weeks little by little upgrading that sbc so that should be coming out today other than that guys i i don't expect much i think it's going to be a quieter day which is fine it's fine to have quieter days to catch up on the gameplay maybe a little bit less menu grinding kind of sort out what you got from rewards which you got in sbcs right now what you want to craft what kind of effort you want to put in definitely play some cup though i played seven games at the cup yesterday um i wouldn't say that it was fun because the gameplay felt weird it just fell off and i know i'm using lower rated players but um this will be a good time today to kind of grind through this cup maybe get your rivals wins going for the rewards for dad still i got to work on some squad battles for like st patrick's day objectives and also i can't forget about evos i'm trying to do evos alongside of squad battles and even a little bit of like rivals gameplay too trying to fit all this stuff in um right now so that we can get all these games played like i got evos expiring a couple days here that i got to fix up and figure out almost done with weakfoot peak on kreg here but i'm going to have to you know finish that off here pretty quickly so that i can get that claimed then i have to do alessane dreamy because i'm really trying to make sure this alessane dreamy fits the evo kind of uh system that i'm trying to do with this um if you didn't see it in the stream yesterday i mentioned that this alessane dreamy it's kind of uh we're going to the back door around here we're it's a little bit sketchy right this alessane dreamy in the tricky ricardo 250k evo does not get any stat upgrades and he has nine play styles in his car right so since he has nine play styles he does not fit the birthday magic evolution now here's the tricky part to this right when i search for this card in here he shows up alessane dreamy shows up as an option and it says number of play styles max eight technically when this card gets upgraded through the tricky ricardo evo this dead ball plus this dead ball play style will become dead ball plus and so therefore i think the way that's going to end up counting it is he will no longer have nine play styles making him ineligible for this evo he will have eight play styles and one play style plus as his dead ball turns from a play style to a play style plus that's i believe the way how it's calculated we've looked at this before and i'm definitely chasing it in the end i'm going to have a five star five star alessane dreamy and if i'm able to put him into the birthday magic after this that would be super dope and it would be a rare card kind of a one of one situation it's not too many people would be able to have that i know some of you guys have followed that same evo path as me earlier on in the year because it's such an amazing card and when we saw that chain evo possibility earlier on we were so excited to do it but we'll just have to see how that ends up working out trying to get those games in so that we can see how it ends up playing out now a couple more things to discuss really quick is speaking of alessane dreamy we still have a silver evo that is leaked could be today could be tomorrow it's a birthday evo supposedly according to the leak so it's got to come out in the next couple of days we've already mentioned this but again this is another shout to check your club for some silvers because cars like this alessane dreamy he was all the way at eight thousand coins yesterday at one point so after this evo has been leaked there's been random cards spiking as people buy these and invest to prepare again be careful when you're selling these don't sell them for max price if you have many of them because you can get banned and coin wiped so be very very careful with that but five star skill moves in the first touch and technical plus would be very good on his card if you don't have an alessane dreamy evo he does fit with these requirements so that's why he is going up and the last thing we already touched on it we had our first leak for the golasso promo which is supposed to be we believe after ultimate birthday it really guys does look like trophy titans from last year with the car design the way that is it just screams trophy titans now the fact that we had a leak is really interesting right because before we were like guys are the leaks actually gone are we not getting leaks anymore because we didn't get like any leaks for ultimate birthday um this is going to be a card i would imagine that is impacts as a part of the promo i don't think it's going to be as crazy as have a promo as ultimate birthday just being completely honest that's kind of how it goes right you could we talk about the ups and downs and the hills and the valleys in this game all the time of how the content rolls and i have to imagine that we are kind of coming out of a hill mountaintop experience with all of this crazy content that we've got it's probably going to come back down a little bit down to earth if you will so with that grove card i mean he is coming that is that is a card that is coming it is a leak it is official a leak it's not many we haven't had many leaks like we mentioned but now i guess they're back question work somehow i don't know watch out for that watch out for more leaks we'll see if ea start to promo this golasso promo um we i do have some thoughts on it and uh we'll get to those later on in the week because last year with trophy titans that was the first time we ever had a promo like that and it did make some things really really interesting for the market and i think it's going to change some things around this year too but as it sits right now i don't think there's going to be too much panic for that all i would say is an early on preparation tip be careful with icons that you have um you know i know i just bought a few icons so i'm saying this after i bought them right but just be careful with some icons maybe like croix thundershock i'm sure it's getting panicked a little bit right now but i think the cheaper tier of icons maybe like base versions that are still meta and usable if they haven't got a special yet that's the sort of cards especially if it's an icon that has not gotten a promo version yet i would be very careful with that specific icon player just because it's a very high likelihood they could get one and then they would drop a price for sure in a panic selling with the leaks or just the new card coming out onto the game so that's going to reset the whole icon market in terms of prices probably in the next couple of days as well when that comes out so we'll just have to see but we'll look forward to more of those leaks and more of that information but still for right now we're living in the enjoyment of ultimate birthday the content on the menus the daily login today got to talk about this to end the video daily login today on a tuesday second to last day if you haven't missed any days we're all getting an 85 three good freaking fodder man and then of course tomorrow wednesday big day 85 4 and 83 20 it's going to be a bang i'm excited to open some of those on stream and to see what kind of sbcs we can get crafted can we end with one more pack just for the fun of it one more pack pack fiend right at the moment what do i got an 80 times 5 i'm here for it come on show me the foot birthday flair didn't expect it canada center mid houston dash nwsl what's the rating here schmidt all right cold 83 rated well that's we're gonna end it there chat all right guys you're not chat your youtube thank you guys for watching the videos i appreciate the love i will see you guys in the twitch stream today where i will say chat because that's a twitch stream and we talk as a community in chat all right guys it's been named for the count appreciate you guys thanks for all of the support peace out


Today, we'll be playing the game Linear Telestrations. In this mathematical game, players in 6th through 8th grade work together to represent linear equations. The object of this game is to accurately represent linear functions using equations, graphs, and tables, and creatively represent linear functions with problems in context. To play this game, you need scrap paper stapled into five-page booklets, linear Telestrations representation cycle cards, a pencil, paper clips, and ugly functions linear cards. This game is played in four member teams. Provide each team at least one linear Telestrations representation cycle card. Paperclip one table card inside the first page of each recording booklet for the first round. Paperclip a different type of representation card in each booklet for the second round. Begin round one by handing each player a recording booklet open to a blank page. Each player must look at the representation on the previous page of the recording booklet and draw the next representation in the cycle. The order of the representation cycle is table, then graph, then equation, then problem in context, and back to table. After drawing the representation, flip to the next blank page and pass the recording booklet to the left. Repeat this process until the recording booklet is back to the player who drew the first representation in that booklet. When the booklet is back to the start, look at each representation and check to see if it is correct. Share the representations and how you know they are correct or incorrect with the rest of the team. Play round two with a new set of booklets beginning with another ugly functions card in each. After playing, think about and share which representation was most challenging to create. What help do you need to feel more comfortable with this representation? Which representation was the easiest to create? What strategies did you use to create a graph? How are the points on the graph related to the table? A variation of playing linear Telestrations is to play with less than four players. In this instance, each player creates more than one of the representations. Another variation is to reorder the representation cycle. You may also make this a competitive game. Play in teams. At the end of each round, each booklet that has all four representations correct earns the team one point. Use the instructions link to go to the Regional Math and Science Center website to read the game rules and other variations. Thanks for playing!


Hello, I'm Editha Boysko, PhD student and actually an aerobologist, and I'm going to tell about our research on computational modeling of animals' behavior. Sorry, I tried. Better? Yes, yeah. Thank you. Yeah, for technical note the presentation is available via this thing. And I'm going to tell about our research on the cognitive process of reinforcement learning, which basically serves the purpose of adapting to the environment that is uncertain, and in exact about the component of time, so the time influence on the process. For this sake we use the Q-learning arguments for the reinforcement learning branch of machine learning, but only simple one with further modifications, and I must admit we have quite well suited behavior setting for this purpose. So probably I should start with telling what the reinforcement learning is. So it's basically, as I said, serve the purpose of adapting to the environment that is uncertain, and as a ground rule it is made by the certain interactive interaction with the environment of the agent. So basically the situation looks that an agent, for us it's a mouse, performs a decision, then actually chooses between options, and gets the outcome of the decision, and the outcome may be in form of accessing access to the reward or the access being denied. And as a reward we use water with artificial sweetener, with saccharine, so basically the reinforcer is sweet taste. And what's important, after many and many trials animal begins to have certain expectation of each of the options. It's denoted as Q-value, but we'll go to it further. And for the agent, for the mice I will refer to ATA-3, because I found it much more distinctive and easier to use. So most of our experiments are performed in the interrogators, the previous speaker said, which is basically a big plastic box with four chambers, each of them located in different corners of the cage, and we put 14 female mice inside it, set the procedure on and note all the actions animal performs, and the drink, the beverages are stored in the bottles, and for a mouse it means that as to access it she must first visit the corner, then the inner door must get opened, then and only then she can actually access the bottle, and then she can lick the bottom of the bottle. The catch is the door might get opened or not, we have a given chance. So we set it as a probability according to the experimental scheme, which consists of two stages, adaptation and reversals, and for the adaptation stage it's only important to know that the position of bottles with rewarding beverage changes its position from one state to another, so we have the reversals. And for the main test phase the position does not change, but the probability does. So in a state when we have 90% probability and 30, after 30, 38 hours, the state would be reversed to the exact contrary, so from 90 and 30 it would be 30 and 90, and that's why it is termed as reversal learning and with probabilistic outcome because the chances to access the word are set with a given probability. Now, in a point of view of an animal, it means that she basically has an option between she has a choice between one option and the other, because we keep the water kernels outside of the modelling part. And then I will present the Q-learning basic, my most basic algorithm, so it would like that. Emma chooses between options, let's say A and B, and she has given expectation toward this option. This expectation can be set, it's like, how likely would you be to go for this option? So how in scale of 0 to 1, how do you think this option would be beneficial in the future? So if the choice gets rewarded, the estimate should rise, whereas it's not rewarded, it should drop down. And the increase and decrease is noted by, in relation to prediction error, which is basically and intuitively just difference between the real outcome and the expected one. And the outcome is binary, so there is access to reward or there's none. And also we have been here, so for the next iteration, for the next choice the expectation changes. And for this we use, yeah, it's in iteration, so there is one free parameter, which is called the learning rate, which denotes the weight put on the current choice. So the greater the value, the more information is transferred from the current choice is transferred to the next one. So if it's like almost one, it means that only the current choice would matter for the expectation for the next ones. And the second step of it is to tell probability of each option to be taken. So for this sake, we use softmax function and we feed it with the value of expectation of the chosen option and then no chosen option. And as you can see in here, it also has the free parameter, which is called beta, and as the shape of the function changes with the greater value, the shape of the curve gets more shape with greater value of the beta, and it's important because the value actually denotes how, I mean, if the difference between expectations toward one option and another will be small, if it goes sharply, the difference would be spotted. Whereas it's almost horizontal, it would be unnoticeable. And what should I say in here? Real science involves challenge, so that's the problem we're faced with. So for a typical experimental setup, for example, a patient performs a series of crew reaction tasks with restricted reaction time. But in our experiment, the animals are free to make their choices whenever they like. And the experiment also lasts for about a month, without any break. So we can see that the frequency of intervals between choices is way more spread out. We have to pick something around 10 minutes. So basically it means that it takes minutes for an animal to perform a choice. And now I'll tell about our two ideas of how to explain it. And the first one is to explain the influence of time on decision-making, sorry. What doesn't matter? So the first idea is pretty intuitive, because animals just do forget along with time, right? So I thought the expected rewards should also decay with time. And I searched the World Drive Webplay from left to right, and I found some mathematical attempts to describe the decay, but no hard evidence in data. So there are only theoretical considerations in this issue. But in the deep void of the internet, I found this publication, sorry. And it has exactly this function, along with another theoretical consideration. And I found it useful, so I applied. So after calculating the expectation towards its option, we just decayed along with the time that passed between the choices. And the time is distinct from chosen and non-transit option, because the time passing by between decision A and decision B would be different. And again, this has a few parameters of storage. And if the value is high, because it's range from 0 to 1, it would mean that the decay of the expectation would be short. Because if it's small, it means almost linear and really slow. Another explanation would be quite intuitive for anybody in rodency search. So we found in the data that mice tend to repeat the last choice at longer intervals. So if there's really wrong interval between choices, probably a mice doesn't know what to do. So she just chooses the last known option. And we also try to include it into the modeling strategy. So after having a probability with a self-mocked function, we calculate the another coefficient, which is a log of odds ratio for the action to be performed, which is basically a starting point in this. And there's also a free parameter of Utah. And along with the parameter, as you can see, the probability of a given option to perform rises along with time. If the value is high, it means that the rise would be quicker. And the natural step now would be to tell which model best fits the data and that's the exact explanation. And obviously, the absolute estimate is not reachable because it's modeling. But we can surely tell that simulation on totally random choosing is out of the question, whereas models including time components all perform the basic algorithm. And the measure in here is Akaiq, so Akaiq information criteria, which is quite useful for comparison, but also it is suboptimal for our needs because, as you can see, it's the sum of negative logarithm of probability of the chosen option. So if it's the sum, it strongly depends on the number of choices, which is, and you can see in here, quite, there is quite a lot of within-group viability. So the Akaiq value for this, let's call it, if the animal would be like 300, and for this, like his super active sister, would be like ID 100. Yeah, and the second step would be to tell, to assess quality of a model, would be to tell its parameter values, whether they are in reasonable interest and then to tell what they mean. And it's way more useful when comparing between groups, so between experimental conditions, for example, but also I will go briefly over it and only tell that for the storage model, the decay value for the decay model, the storage parameter is quite on its floor. It means that the forgetting would be very slow, and for the Yota parameter, it's the note that there would be a really influence on it. And as you can see, we do not conduct statistics on a whole group because there's a huge within-group viability, so it does represent one animal and the line connects this dot. So we have a measure for fit to the data and also for parameters for each single animal super individually. And what I want you to remember is that we have a quite well suited behavioral test and also we find that the interval between choices influence the decision making and we tell our two ideas of how to explain this influence. First was slow decay of expectation with time, so the decay model and the second one was repeating the last choice coupled with the increase of the probability of giving action to be performed with longer intervals. Because we found that my stand to repeat the last choice at longer intervals and I know this model seems in contrary, but for me they seem much more complementary because I think the ultimate explanation for this would be that the expectation probability just rises at the beginning because of the consolidation process, so the storing of memory then forgets slowly and then when it reaches some indifference point then the animals should probably go for the last known option. And that's it for the presentation. I want to thank people from my institute, Lukas Schumitz, Zafiharda and Janod Rieges Parkit Nahus here. And for golden data please feel welcome to visit my GIPCAP account. There's a direct link to check out our last publication. Preparation is available. So I'd like to thank you for this talk. And please do have questions. So I think that the automation will be a very important process. Like a few weeks ago I've seen a talk by, so I forgot his name, the person from Princeton who looks at the decision making in rats and he basically completely automatized the whole process. So the rats are trained to be in the cages where they are presented with stimuli. He records from hundreds of neurons at the same time and he has 100 cages which are in his lab with hundreds of rats doing this task. And I think he, in this way, he can... Carlos Broder is his name, yes. So in this way he can get an enormous amount of data and of course the new automated tools to analyze this. So I think this is a really important direction in which this will go. Further comments from the speakers? Some of you from the audience? Have you guys thought about performing this behavior experiment in the open source equation box? Because the IntelliCage, I believe, is a fairly expensive system and not many people can afford to buy it. And there has been some open source kind of like types of behavior design where people can get plastic glass and then they can really build things from scratch. And there is like kind of like some design release from, you know, like a few groups. Have you guys thought about using that platform? So then everybody will be complete open source. Well, there is a system called Eco Hub which was developed by my colleague in our institute. And if I remember, it is presented as kind of open hardware and also my colleague develops... my other colleague develops similar library as PyMais to help analyze data from this system. So I guess that may be an example of what you are asking about. More comments? Yeah, I think that if you have... I have it still. It's okay. So I think we have all the information needed for the modeling part it could be performed whenever the experimental setting. We need information about the choices, visits set it probabilistically and about time of it. I wanted to comment actually. The main difficulty is the technical reliability. The integrity cages are not fun to work with and they are a standardized product with 10 years of engineering experience. Any open source solution, if someone wants to assemble it and then run 10 cages in parallel, they really want to see how many failures of equipment per day they have and how they can somehow account for this in the data later on. So it becomes then a problem of being technically able to perform the experiment. The analysis really becomes a secondary issue and I think this is the main limitation and this will not be solved simply by open source unless there is a great focus on one solution which is extremely simple and widely used with open source is never likely. Yeah, hello. Thank you for the talks again. One issue regarding the modeling of your behavioral data, how do you make sure that your models are identifiable? I mean, how do you account that the solution after you fit your model to your empirical data and the parameters you obtain, how do you make sure that these are the unique ones that not some other type of parameter combination would lead the same result in your data? Yeah, so this is a very important question. For the simple models which I presented like the diffusion model you can see the identifiability because of the arguments that they have, the parameters have different effect on the different features but of course to have this identifiability you also have to have sufficient amount of data and you can assess this identifiability through parameter recovery procedure. So what you do, you simulate a model with certain parameters with a certain number of trials and then you estimate the parameters. You repeat this hundred of times and then you get a measure of how far your parameters are from the true values in the ground true on average. And so this is how you kind of can do this. As I mentioned, this becomes more difficult when you have more difficult models with more difficult parameters. So for example, there was a question here like correlation into noise. The more parameters we introduce... I was asking about something else. How do you detect that your noise is uncorrelated? Okay, but the more parameters you introduce the more difficulties to recover them. One interesting thing is that with the strain force modeling parameters you have these two parameters, alpha and beta. And you can also try to use this model recovery to see how well you recover them. But you can improve this recovery by linking the reinforcement learning models with the diffusion model. So in the diffusion model, the way you link them, you assume that the drift rate is equal to the difference between Q values on the two trials. And there's a paper by Samuel McClure which shows that by adding reaction times to the diffusion model and using this combined diffusion model you can actually reduce the errors on the estimate of these alpha and beta parameters.