Ladies and gentlemen, the story you are about to hear is true. The names have been changed to protect the innocent.  You're assigned to bunco fugitive details.  He thinks it was a swindle.  The documented drama of an actual crime. For the next 30 minutes in cooperation with the Los Angeles Police Department, you will travel step by step on the side of the law through an actual case transcribed to official police files. From beginning to end, from crime to punishment, Dragnet is the story of your police force in action. It was Monday, September 12th. It was hot in Los Angeles. We were working the day watch out at bunco fugitive detail. My partner, Frank Smith, the boss's captain did him. My name's Friday. I was on my way back from communications. It was 2.17 p.m. when I got to room 38. Bunco fugitive. Oh, hi, John. Hi. I get it. Bunco fugitive Friday. Yes, that's right. Well, when did you see him last? Well, how much was it? How much? Mm-hmm. All right, sir. We'll be here. Well, right away, if I were you. All right, fine. Tell us coming in to talk to us. Yeah. Says he gave a friend to give us $40,000. Oh. Kind of broke up their friendship. What do you mean? The guy skipped out. 2.42 p.m. The man who had telephone came into the office. He told us that his name was Jeff Craner. He said he had a real estate business on Wilshire Boulevard, and that his home residence was on Rossmoire near Olympic. He also said that on the previous two days he had given $40,000 to a man who called himself Phillip Bonham. You know where this Phillip Bonham lives, Mr. Craner? I don't know where he used to live. Where's that? Our apartment out in Westwood, real fancy. Beans, shillings, lots of glass, swimming pool. The whole works. He's not there anymore, huh? The manager of the building says he moved last Tuesday. The day I gave Phil the money. Whose day? Phil and his brother had the place together. What's the brother's name? Steve. Does the manager have any idea where he went? Well, claims he didn't leave any forwarding address.  How long have you known the Bonham's, Mr. Craner? Six or eight weeks. How'd you happen to meet up? A through friend, a mutual friend. What would you tell us about it? Well, well, it's not going to come out, is it? Newspapers, anything like that? What do you mean? Well, you see, I'm married. Yeah. We hadn't been getting along so well for the last year or so, but I'm still married. Well, the way I met up with the Bonham's, you see, was through a girl. Yeah. What was her name? Barbara. Barbara West. I don't see. Oh, just a girl, that's all. Maybe she was in on a tour. I don't know. Anyway, she introduced me to him. About how long have you known her? Oh, the three months, maybe, a few weeks before I met them. I see. We got acquainted at Knox, and one of those houses out on Beverly Boulevard, where they sell all furniture and things from movie stars houses. You spend a lot of my free evenings at those auctions. Or at any point, staying home, not my wife feeling towards me the way she does. I didn't buy my sister's piece every once in a while. It looked like a bargain. And that's where you met this woman, huh? Yes, yes. Where was she living, do you know? Had a room at a hotel in Hollywood to count George. So go ahead, Mr. Craner. What happened next? Well, we got to be pretty good friends. And one night she offered to put me in touch with a couple of guys she knew. She said they were interested in buying some real estate and that I might as well handle the deal. Well, that's how I met up with the Barnards, is it? We went out to their apartment there having a little party. A couple more girls were there on a Friday night. I guess we all got kind of loaded. Next thing I knew, we were all flying down to Vegas for the weekend. Well, we sure had quite a time for ourselves. We stopped at one of the best hotels, Chateau Lafayette. Everybody making a big fuss like the Barnards were VIPs. Yeah. After that we had some deals together. Most of them worked out. Whenever they didn't, the Barnards took care of me anyhow. What kind of deals? Mr. Craner? I guess maybe they weren't... well, strictly ethical, but there wasn't anything illegal about it. You've got to cut a couple of corners if you're going to get ahead in this world. Is that right? I'm getting a little tired of this, Sergeant. You act like I'm at fault, like I'm the one who's in the wrong. Now, you remember it was me that got swindled in $40,000 worth. I'm not the criminal, you know. They are. Sure. You want to tell us about the $40,000 that's Craner? If you're all through with these accusations. Go ahead, Mr. Craner. All right. It was last Tuesday, so Barnum called me at my office. He had to see me right away about a proposition or a really big one. We met for lunch, Barnum said they'd just had words from one of their contacts in Las Vegas. A couple of Eastern gamblers had tapped the casino of the Chateau Lafayette for a quarter of a million dollars. Now the Chateau needed some money and they needed it fast. So the owners were willing to sell a 5% interest in the hotel for $100,000. Our Phil said it was a sin that we'd get our investment back inside of six months and from then on, it was just crazy. Everybody knows how much those hotels in Las Vegas mean. So you gave him the money. I drew it out of the bank that afternoon and had to be in cash. Did you know the denominations of the bill? There were all hundreds. What happened then? I went back to the office and the Barnums took off for Las Vegas. At least that's what they were supposed to do. They said they'd call me from there. But when I still hadn't written in by Friday, I went over to their apartment and talked to the manager. He said they'd moved out Tuesday at 5 p.m. Why didn't you get in touch with us then? It didn't seem like crooks, not a bit. What were they like? What? What would you describe them for? Well, Phillips, the oldest, is about 45. Light hair, complexion. How big is he? He's called my six foot man, thin for the ranger. What about his brother? Well, Steve's maybe three or four years younger. A little shorter, not much though. A little heavier. What color is his hair? Reddish. The girl who introduced you to him, he said her name was Barbara Wiss. Yes, that's right. How do you spell that? W-I-S-T. You want to describe her too? Well, it's pretty hard to say how old she is. She's not very good at judging a woman's age. Well, approximately then. Oh, 28, 29, 30? Could even be 35. Mm-hmm. One, real white street across the front, very attractive. Good company, nice build. You know what I mean. Mm-hmm. Have you tried to get in touch with her since you saw the Barnum's last? Yes, I called a hotel. Well? She moved out last Thursday morning. Mm-hmm. Well, how are you supposed to know? What? Well, who to trust? They were so darn nice to me, the Barnum's and Barbara. There wasn't any way of figuring what they were after. Like you say, that they were just kind of setting me up. Mm-hmm. Well, you had a tip-off. Yes? Well, where? When you thought you were getting something for nothing. At 3.08 p.m., we ran the names Phillip and Steve Barnum and Barbara Whist through our eyes. They had nothing on them. We went back to the office and showed the victim mug shots of known confidence, ma'am. He was unable to identify any of the photographs. 3.32 p.m., we showed him mugs of confidence women. No, not on that page, son. Uh-huh. So, my wife won't find out about all this, will she? Not for less. We hadn't been getting along for quite a while, but, you know, she just wouldn't understand. Mm-hmm. Funny, aren't they? How's that? Women, even if they won't have anything to do with you themselves, they just don't want another day moving in. Want to go on the next page? Oh, sure. Same, same now. Yeah. That looks like her. Well, is it? No. Well, guess not. There's something different there. Sure is resemblance, though. Be on this page. Now, wait a minute. What was her? Where? Here, right here, the one I pointed out before. Oh, let's see. That's Barbara all right, right there. You said there was something different about this woman. Well, there is, but now that I think about it, any gal's out to do that. You're what? Dye his hair. The victim was positive in his identification of the photograph. Frank and I pulled the woman's package. Her true name was Mabel Salton, WFA, 36 years old, five feet four, weighed 117 pounds, blue eyes, blue hair. Her record showed two convictions for grand theft and an arrest for suspicion of theft the previous June. 4.15 p.m., we talked to Johnny DeBetta, the officer who had made the June arrest. Yeah, that's right, Joe. That and I pulled her in. We couldn't make it stick to her. Why not? Well, the victim gave us an eye dim, but we didn't have enough to hold her on. All she did was introduce the march to a couple of con men they did the taking. We couldn't prove that she was in on it. The sucker hadn't given her the money. Yeah. Wouldn't cop out either. She's a looker, not a talker. I don't attack a guy any time of the day like that. Once he decides to keep her mouth shut, he can't get it open with a pair of pliers. What about the guy she was working with? A couple of brothers. Don't remember the names they used offhand. It's in the file, so. Any leads to them? Description, M.O. We put out a local in the APB. We couldn't turn them off though. They must have skipped turns. I see. They had to tell her for a while to see if she'd lead us to them. You know, nowhere. That's where we ended up. They back in L.A.? They were last week. Make another pigeon? Yeah. And I hope you have better luck than we did. You know, we're gonna need it. So we moved on. It won't be very easy to catch up with. Sure. They got a lot of traveling money. Oh, yeah. 40,000. I got to put out a local in the APB on the two male suspects. We also put out a bulletin on the female suspect, Mabel Salton. But we requested that in her case, no arrest be made. We asked to be contacted in the event that she was located. From Johnny to better, we learned that the Salton woman had also met the previous victim at an auction. Auctioneers and owners of auction houses were told to notify us if they saw the suspect. We talked to the manager of the apartment where the male suspects had lived and to check the clerk at the Count George Hotel. They were unable to help us. We contacted Las Vegas and learned that the Chateau Lafayette was in excellent financial condition. We also contacted CII up at Sacramento to see if they could give us an identification of the suspects. We received a negative response. No new leads developed. Five leads passed. Wednesday, October 19th, 946 a.m. Uncle Puget of Friday. Yes, sir. That's right. When? I see. Thank you very much. Goodbye. Tenture auction house out on Third Street. Yeah? Auctioneers says he sold a couple of lamps to an old customer last night. Who? Mabel Salton. At 7 a.m., Frank and I drove out to the Tenture Auction Gallery on West Third. We showed the auctioneer a mug shot of Mabel Salton, and he said he was positive he was the woman he had seen the previous night. We went back to the office and had a conference with a skipper. You're sure picking her up won't do any good? Well, I didn't before, Captain. Yeah? Of course, this might not work either. We don't even know if her pals are back in town. Well, how do you plan to make the contact? Hang out at auctions. Do a lot of bidding. Let her think I'm loaded. I don't know. Maybe it'd be better if Smith went undercover this time. He looks more like a mark for me. Well, wait a minute, Skipper. Oh, you know what I mean. Well, I know. I'm afraid using Smith would give us a problem, Captain. Yeah? Take another look at her picture. Hmm. Not bad, is she? No, that's the trouble. Hmm? Smith's got a wife. She made for me to assume the name of Joe Fawcett. I took a room at a hotel in Hollywood and established myself as a business man recently arrived from Chicago. Auction houses were told that I would be bidding on various items, and if my bid was accepted, the item was to be re-auctioned some future day, and any loss incurred would be made good. During the next week, I attended four auctions. The woman's suspect, Mabel Salton, was present at two of them. 30, October 27th, 9.42 p.m. I attended the fifth auction. It was at the Pinter Gallery. I managed to get a seat next to the suspect. I have $45. I have $25. Go make it 30. Who'll make it 30? All right. Ladies and gentlemen, here I like this far. It's over $100 in every sales store. $25. Who'll give 30? 30. Ladies and gentlemen, this is General Wanda, one of the most glamorous actresses, Mrs. Nora Westlet. You'll all see her dozen designs on the screen. Here's your chance to buy one of her personal possessions. And don't forget whether this mirror was on. In Nora's bedroom. All right. Now, who'll make it 30? I have points. I will give 30. 30 here. Thank you, sir. Thank you, gentlemen. I will appreciate the money. I have 30. I have 30. I only want that 30. $35. $35. Who'll get 40? $35. Who'll get 40? If you really want it, it doesn't matter how much to me. Well, that's very kind of you. Are you all done? $35 once? $35 twice? Who'll get 40? Who'll go with the $35? And now, ladies and gentlemen, our next item is a very unusual piece. It was decided later. Thanks for letting my good friend. That's all right. I forget it. There's no way I can change it back. Look, you've let me buy you a drink after the option. No, that isn't necessary. I didn't even want that mirror anyway. I'd like to. I must share it with you. No, not a bit. You've got a customer. Do you want to see how hard it is for them to lift it? He'll give you the quality of the model. All right, boys, better put it down now again before he's bringing it down. Haven't you done something a lot before? I've loved you. I've thought you looked familiar. Come to see what I remember. There's something new about it. Is that right? Yeah, very good to you. Thank you. My goodness, as senator, this is the table for you. Ladies, it's on the grass. Especially if it's hot. I just love these off. Of course, I always end up buying a lot of things I don't need. Well, that happens to me, too. And after it, if you say it's a darn choice, There's nothing we can do by then, it's too late. Uh-huh, same here. Well, that's true, there isn't poverty free this winter. But this table will never go astray no matter what's going on. Yes, we have something in common, don't we, Mr. I'm 40 minutes from 11. No faucet, no faucet. I'm on it this winter. How do you do? Very nice to meet you, sir. You know, the pleasure is all mine. 11.16 p.m., we left the auction and drove over to the suspect's apartment. He was on the second floor of a two-story building just off Olympic Boulevard. Five got over there, Joe. He'll take charge when I get out of my coat. You bet. Dr. Bourbon. It doesn't matter, whatever you're having. Hey. Is the ice all melted? No, there's a little left here. That's good. I'm really off to glad you could drop by. Don't mind, I'll make you a drink. Okay. Well, cheers. Cheers. Astronomicaly? That's the way I like it. Why don't we sit down? Sure. Please get home, Joe. Well, I really don't have one yet. I got a hotel room over in Hollywood. I've been staying there for the last few days. What about all these things you've been buying? The auction? Oh, they're off to my new place. He hasn't come out of escrow yet. I see. Stop and bellair. Let me stay here. Let me move in for all I know. I may be getting too much stuff. I don't know what you need to furnish your house. Well, isn't your wife? I mean... Oh, I'm not married, Mona. Not anymore. I see. We broke up about a year ago. Funny. What's that? That's what happened to me just a year ago. Is that so? Maybe we have a little too much in common. Yeah. She hurt you, didn't she, Joe? Well...  You have very sad eyes. You're soft and thoughtful. Oh, I don't know. I guess you can tell a lot about a person from your eyes. You do, huh? That's the first thing I noticed about somebody. How did you notice, Joe? Well, I guess I never thought too much about telling the truth. What did you notice faced with me? Well... Well, I guess it was your voice. Oh? You know, when you were bidding, I think that's what I noticed first. Well, that's a compliment or not? Well, you have a very pleasant voice, Mona. Very pleasant. George didn't think so. Who? My husband. Oh. He said I whined and nagged and made life miserable for him. Why'd you split up? Just didn't work out.  Well, I don't know. It's pretty hard to say. Yeah, I feel the same way. Well, I guess lots of people make mistakes. Yeah, sure. Want a freshener? No, I have plenty here. I'll take you up. Yeah, please. You don't drink very much, do you? No, I just don't feel like it, do I? No. Is it the company? No, of course not. I'm sorry if I was sort of forced you into taking me home. Oh, don't be silly. I just felt it. Well, you didn't look very happy when I thought maybe we both needed to be with someone else for change. Sure, yeah. Thanks. What line are you in, Jill? What's there? What's your business? Well, nothing right now. I guess you might say I'm unemployed. What? I had a company in my own bag in Chicago. Textile manufacturing. I sold it when we split up. What are you going to do now? Oh, I'm sort of looking around. I got a little cash and I skipped buy-on. Oh? The right thing turns up. I guess I might go into it. Oh, I suppose you're tired to tell what to put your money into nowadays. Yeah, well, there's no hurry. You know, that reminds me, if you really do want to get into something good, I know a couple of businessmen. Oh, they're not close friends or anything like that. But they have some excellent contacts. I guess so. I'm sure they could put you into something that would give you a nice return on the investment. You don't have to talk to them, would you? I'm afraid you can't right now. Why not? They're out of town. Too bad, isn't it? Yeah, sure is. A salt woman told me she'd let me know as soon as her friends returned to Los Angeles. During the next 10 days, I saw her on several occasions. As far as I could tell, the so-called Bonham brothers were still out of town. Tuesday, November 8th, 840 PM. I was in my hotel room. Hello? Yes, Mona? Well, how about tonight? Sure, I'll pick you up by 9.30. Bye. Bye. You want to get me Michigan 5211, please? That's right. Extension 2572. That's right. Extension 2572. Smith there? There's Joe. Yeah, I just heard from her. Better get over to the bed and have him stand by. Tonight, says it just blew into town. The phone, the salt woman, had told me her two business acquaintances had returned to Los Angeles. I was to meet them that night. Frank and Johnny, the bed, made arrangements to tail my car. 9.28 PM. I picked up the female suspect. She told me her friends had rooms in the St. Clair Hotel over on Figueroa. We drove over there. It was 9.42 when we arrived. We went up to room 417. She introduced me to two men who matched the description of the male suspects we were looking for. They said their names were Tom and Fred Porst. Sure is nice to meet you, Mr. Posit. Mona's been telling us about you. It seems you've made quite a hit with her. Is that so?  Now you've got to understand one thing. What's that? Anything we discuss in the business line. That is, well, it's got to be confidential. Oh, sure. You see, my brother and I, we don't make the practices of taking outside investments, right, Fred? Right. Matter of fact, we don't even need any outside capital at the moment we've sort of got a surplus. Oh, I see. Well, maybe some other time, then, huh? Nice to have met you. Well, what's your hurry, Posit? Well, you said that. I said we don't need any capital. You know? Well, we might make an exception in your case, though. Oh? On a kind of morning. Well, I don't want you to put yourselves out. Something else will turn up. Now, wait a minute. I was just thinking. What's that? Well, it never hurts to spread a good thing around. You've got any plans for this Saturday? Well, I don't know what you have in mind. Well, I thought it might fly down to Vegas. Get us a couple of grills. You can bring along Mona. Why Vegas? Oh, we've got a friend down there who made a killing at the craft table a couple of years ago. Mm-hmm. Stuck it in $1,000 bill. Oh? Now, he sort of forgot to mention it on his income tax, and now he could use a loop, but he's afraid to cash in the bills himself. Yeah, I see. He might be willing to sell him to us at a discount. Are you interested? No, not very. Why not? No kind of game like that. Why? Well, this is the best you can do. The $1,000 bill routine's got whiskers on it. I should have known. What are you talking about? How would you know? Listen, Fawcett, what are you doing here anyway? Why'd you want to meet us? I was kind of curious about how your boys work. I heard a lot about you. Huh? Well, maybe I could pick up a new angle or two. Looks like I was wrong. Well, what's the deal? Oh, don't you see?  Huh?   How was I supposed to know? Well, just one look. You should have been able to dump ladies and those on your face. It is, huh? Sure. Don't take it to heart, buddy. You might fool the suckers, but I'm in the same racket. Well, I should have guessed it when you walked in the door. It's written all over you. Yeah. Where have you been pitching lately for the haul? Huh? I'm a police officer. You're under arrest. What you just heard is true. The names were changed to protect the innocent. On February 2, trial was held in Department 98 Superior Court of the State of California in and for the county of Los Angeles. In a moment, the results of that trial. Mabel Harris-Sulton was tried and convicted of grand theft one count and received sentence as prescribed by law. Thomas Herbert Porst and Fred James Porst, Alias Phillip and Steve Bunham were tried and convicted of grand theft two counts and received sentence as prescribed by law. Grand theft is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year, or in the state prison for not less than one, nor more than 10 years.


Chronic fatigue syndrome is a debilitating condition characterized by a minimum of six months crushing mental and physical exhaustion, and we have no idea what causes it. We don't even have a good idea how many people even have it. The Centers for Disease Control estimates that as many as 7.5 million Americans currently suffer from it. And we as physicians have very little to offer patients in terms of relieving those symptoms. So this is one of the conditions I'm always keeping an eye out for in terms of new treatments. And one of the latest they just discovered? Chocolate. Evidently, Montezuma II who reigned the Aztec Empire 500 years ago noted this divine drink builds up resistance, fights fatigue, a cup of cocoa permits people to walk for a whole day without food. Not willing to take the emperor's word for it, it was put to the test. I'm always skeptical of industry-supported research, but it was actually a pretty good study. At first glance it looked like they were basically saying eat three chocolate bars a day for eight weeks and call me in the morning. But it was actually a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial, which is about as good as you can get. The mad scientist over at Nestle took a white chocolate, dyed it brown, and then added some sort of fake chocolate flavor so as to people couldn't tell if they were eating the real chocolate or the fake. Comparable amounts of sugar and fat, but one had cocoa solids, phytonutrients, and the other basically didn't. So they were able to put people on one and then switch them over without anyone knowing to see if their chronic fatigue symptoms got better or worse. And there was a significant improvement in the real chocolate group, meaning it apparently wasn't just the yummy taste of chocolate, but the action of the cacao phytonutrients. Of course no one should be eating three chocolate bars a day, but you can get the equivalent dose of cocoa solids, the equivalent dose of those wonderful cocoa phytonutrients, by consuming two and a half tablespoons of cocoa powder a day. You can put it in coffee, you can make a chocolatey smoothie, or my personal favorite, you can blend it in a high speed blender with frozen cherries or strawberries, or you can add a portion on dairy milk, vanilla extract, and some erythritol, or some dates, and you have instant decadent chocolate ice cream. Low fat, low calorie, no cholesterol, no added sugar, chocolate ice cream. The more you eat, the healthier you are, whether or not you're suffering from chronic fatigue.


The Romance of the Ranchos. Whittier 1847. Americans break opposition in battle of San Gabriel. Whittier 1867. Great flood menaces home of Governor Pio Pico. Whittier 1941. Whittier the center of a great fruit growing area. The title insurance and trust company of Los Angles presents the Romance of the Ranchos. Dramatizing the highlights of history of Southern California. Each week our wandering vicaro Frank Graham unfolds another tale of the romantic, adventurous early days of some particular section of our Southland. Practically all of our stories of early California contain a good many incidents having to do with ownership of land. The original grants transfers by sale or foreclosure, boundary disputes and so on. This is because land ownership is a fundamental element in the shaping of all history. The motivating factor behind many of its most important events. The urge to own land is a basic human desire as old as civilization. Through the ages land has been coveted, stolen, fought over, defended even at the cost of life itself. Today, force of arms and physical combat are seldom required for the defense of private land ownership. The common risks are those that arise from forged instruments, forgotten mortgages or other leans, improperly or fraudulently executed documents. Claims of undisclosed heirs and similar title defects. The modern system of title insurance provides protection against these and other risks. And here to tell the story is our wandering vicaro Frank Graham. Buenos noches, senoras y señores. Tonight we're going to trace the history of the Rancho Paso de Bartolo Viejo. The favorite Rancho of Don Pio Pico, part of which has become the present city of Whittier. Many of you may have visited Pio Pico's Ranchos, which is still standing as a national monument near Whittier. But whether you have or not, I'm sure you'll find in its story much of the romance of the Rancho. For the beginning of our story, we must go back to the year 1771. The year in which the Padres of New Spain first established the Mission San Gabriel. A few miles from the new establishment, nestled in the foothills near the San Gabriel River, then called River San Miguel of the Earthquakes, was an Indian village and the elders of the council were a garg with the newest. My brothers, the crow has spoken truly. I have seen with my own eyes strangers come. Men with white skin build a great hot of brush. They have great animals bigger than the deer. They come to stay. But already there are too many here. In this village there are too many. We cannot live. We cannot find food enough. Perhaps these white men have food. Perhaps they can help us. No. I have seen them scraping the ground, looking for acorns onto the ground. Perhaps they do not even know where to look for acorns. Perhaps they do not search for acorns. Perhaps they know how to find food in the ground. No. These men. They cannot help us. Let us follow the paths of our brothers and find the fertile valleys to the south. There we will find better hunting grounds for the rabbit. We have heard our brothers tell it. Yes, brothers. We must leave this place of the wild bees and travel to the valley of much water. You may go. I stay behind. White men have strange ways. But perhaps they can help us find food. I will stay and speak with white men. Many Indians left the dry little village of Seja. But others stayed behind to become the neophytes of the Padres, Admissions and Gabriel. You see, my children, there is ample food for all. The great Padre in his mercy and kindness has provided bountiful gifts. If only we will take them. For him who is wise enough to spend his day on the planting seed and caring for the cattle, his harvest shall be great and he shall not want. And in his spirit he shall be content. So for these great gifts of earth and water and air and the life which flows in our bodies, we must give pious thanksgiving. It is right that we gather at the evening bell and sing praises to him. For years the Padres of San Gabriel talked the newly converted Indians of the land around Lomas Muertos or Dead Hills, known now as Puente Hills. Everywhere the product of their great work was apparent in the tilled fields, the orchards and vineyards, the irrigation ditches. The Indians who stayed behind in the village of Seja were happy and prosperous. But presently a controversy arose. One day in 1784 word came to the mission. Padre, Padre bring news from Santa Barbara. See what this is my son. This land to the east and south across El Camino Real along the San Gabriel River. It has been given to a soldier for his ranch. But this is mission land it cannot be given away. That may be. But the military governor Don Pedro Fajes has granted a certain soldier of his, Juan Manuel Nieto, the right to live and keep his cuddle there. But that land is the property of the mission, held in trust for its rightful owners, the native Indians. In a few years when they are able to govern themselves, we must give it back to them. But the governor has already acted. The land south of the Lomas Muertos are no longer the missions, but Manuel Nieto's. For the first time the secular power had infringed on what was considered the domain of the church. But it was not to be the last. It was the start of a long series of controversies which left missions shrunken to nothing. Missions themselves abandoned to decay. But in this case the Padres of San Gabriel won at least a point. At their request the 300,000 acre grant to Manuel Nieto was cut. And its northern boundary made the El Camino Real and the San Gabriel River. Thus returning the land which became what here to the control of the mission. But it was along the same El Camino Real, the main road from San Diego to the Pueblo de los Ángeles, that the first word came of events that sounded the death knell of the missions. It was in the year 1822 that a horseman sped up to the banks of the river San Gabriel. Dona, senor! Voila! You have been found, Nieto. See, from San Diego, is there water for my horse near here? I can get it for you, Marcienda. Or you can go out to Mission San Gabriel, if you'll excuse me.  I had expected to find water in the river. Not this time of year, but if you'll come with me. See, may be hurry. I have important news to deliver at the Pueblo de los Ángeles. Important news? How about what? This, senor, is now a part of an independent republic. What? May he cause declared independence from the king of Spain. Now the missions were cut off from the paternal hand of the Spanish king and the new Mexican government soon passed laws providing for the secularization of all mission lands. Soon the government was distributing this land for private ranchos all over the Southland. In September of 1833 Juan Crispin Paris petitioned the governor for a grant of his own. A few months later he appeared before members of the Los Angeles Ayuntamiento who were investigating the claim. The Alcalde of the Pueblo called the council to order. A case of Juan Crispin Paris. Yes, senor, I am here. You have petitioned the governor for a grant of land. See, I wish it for my rancho. Senores, you have all seen Don Juan's claim to the land. This rancho you wish is located north of El Camino Real and extending from the hills sometimes called Lomas Muertos to the rivers and Gabrielles. Yes, that is it. It is called Paso de Bartola Viejo. I have lived there with my cattle for the space of some 30 years more or less. Who owns the land when you first settled there? Manuel Nieto. Later it was returned to public lands and I served as Mayor Domo for the Mission San Gabriel. But now this land is open to private ownership. I feel that it should be mine as I have cultivated it these many years. And the Mission San Gabriel has no objections? As long as the law is as it is they have none. Very well done Juan. If we shall pass our recommendation on to the governor. I think we are all agreed, are we not Senores, that this land should rightfully be granted to Don Juan Crispin Perez. Gracias Senoras, gracias. Governor Figueroa followed the recommendation of the Los Angeles Ayuntamiento and in 1835 granted to Juan Crispin Perez the Rancho Paso de Bartola Viejo or the Ford of the Yelderba Falamu. The next 10 years were unsettled ones for California culminating in the news in 1846 that Mexico was at war with the United States. Many of the Californians had more sympathy for the Americans than for their own bungling government. Nevertheless, they determined to defend their homes because of the uncertainty as to what might develop. But Commodore Stockton and General Carney were at San Diego and one day news reached Los Angeles. Di Maricano, Di Maricano, Di Scali. Marching north from San Diego. Heaverishly preparations were started. The call went out to the citizenry and soon an ill-equipped band of militia swelled the ranks of the insurgent forces under General José María Flores. Then on January 7th, scouts brought the information. Yes, General Flores. The number of about 600 men, dragon, sailors from the frigates anchored at San Diego and some of our own Californians. Californians fighting with the Americanos? Yes, they have joined them, about 30 I should say. Mother of God, our own blood. You say they are camped at Rancho Los Coyotes? Yes, for the night. Only a few miles from the pueblo and they will continue the march tomorrow. Then tomorrow is the day. Tomorrow we must meet them and stop them if we don't Los Angeles is lost. But General, where can we make a stand? At the rivers and Gabrielle. We are following El Camino Real. They will probably try to cross the river near the Puente Hills. Yes, on the Rancho, Juan Pérez. But we will be there to stop them. Shall I get the orders? Yes, we will move it for daybreak. The morning of January 8th, 1847. The Americans, 600 strong, marched along El Camino Real. The Californians drew up their lines at Paso de Bartolo Viejo from the banks of the San Gabriel, which is today called Rio Hondo. Across the land, which is now here, came the Americans and they stopped. General Carney, we're almost to the San Gabriel. Yes, they'll probably make a stand there. If they make a stand. I think they will. Everything our scouts have told us would seem to indicate that they are forcing us. We can still see their scouts all around us. And have you noticed, there are many more than before? Yes, their main body is probably near at the river. Then we better form and line a battle, men. Right, we can probably expect to attack any time now. All right, men, take your battle positions. Take your scouts. Then I'll bring up the dragoons. Martin, your musketeers will follow with the Marines and sailors bringing up the artillery. Baggage in the center. Rear guard with the cattle and two field guns. All right, men, give the orders. Handle up our pen. If we get through here, I'll fight one. Over. Must be 400 of them. Thank goodness the river is almost dry. We'd have a hard fight crossing water, as it is, Bert. We're trying to threaten our advance. All right, men, hold your fire. But advance suddenly. Just move ahead. We're going over. They've gone back from the other side. They thought they could pile this up. Now they're shooting. Well, they can't do any damage. They're too far away. They're great for spalling short. It looks like they have a couple of cannons. Yes, that may give us some trouble. Keep moving, men, right ahead to the first bank of the river. At least we can take this in two jumps. So, we're almost to the bank. It's almost in range now. All right, men, return the fire and keep going. We're going to take the first bank opposite. Down the first bank, across the dry streambed, advancing steadily came the Americans. Up the opposite bank, the enemy, only a few yards ahead. The Californians were driven from the first bank of the streambed. Quickly they formed another line on the bluff, as the Americans prepared to storm the height. That one was close. Those cannons of theirs must be stuffed. Brothers, bring up that nine pounder. We'll put him on a commission in no time. We can hit a sombrero at a thousand yards with this cannon. Let's take out that first gun over there at 300. Is she all set, boys? Ready to fire, Commodore. Well, let me get the sight on her, boys, and we'll show the army what marksmanship is. Look out! Say, that was close. Hurry up, Commodore. Put that gun out of commission before it does some damage. A hand here, man. A little twist to the right. There. Hold it. All right, boys, there's the aim. Let her go. That's the end of this battle right now. From here on in. How about casualty, Captain? Bring them up now, sir. There's several wounded and fresh straws. Dead? Yes, sir. We can be thankful or want more, but even one. His name will be long remembered, for he died in the service of his country Yes, the Battle of San Gabriel marked the winning of California for the United States. And after California's admission into the Union in 1850, an early decision by the newly formed United States Land Commission changed the boundaries of Rancho Paso de Botola, as Frank Graham will tell you in just a moment. Admission to the Union also led very soon to the passage of laws providing for the public recording and preservation of all written instruments having to do with the transfer of land titles. That clearly started something. Today there are more than two million deeds on file in the Los Angeles County Recorder's office, more than three-quarters of a million mortgages and scores of thousands of other written instruments of various kinds. Since 1907 an accurate count of the numbers of documents recorded in the county has been kept. From that year to the end of 1940 a grand total of almost ten and a half million documents were recorded. All facts contained in these millions of documents which pertain to the ownership of land are transcribed and segregated properties they affect in the offices of the title insurance and trust company of Los Angeles. That is why for so little cost and so little delay you may obtain from this company a policy of title insurance for your protection when you buy, sell, lend, or borrow on real estate. The Battle of the San Gabriel at Paso de Botola Viejo was one of the last battles of the war and was the last time the Californians put up a stiff resistance to the Americans. Shortly after a distinguished Californian returned to Los Angeles after the war, we are glad to have you back Don Pio. See, we are all hoping for your return, Governor Pico. Yes, Senorys, not governor. I'm no longer governor of this department. In fact, it is no longer a department of Mexico for the territory of the United States. I see, but your things have been different. No, mi amigo. Things couldn't have been different. I don't think I should have cared to have them different. I felt that even when I left to go to Mexico I said then that resistance was useless. Now, you see what could be done? I found only indifference at the capital and they cared nothing for Alpe, California. And they were willing that the Americanos should have it. And they do have it now. See, and that is for the best. The Americanos won California. Mexico did not. The Americanos would build up this great country of ours. And I, for one, will give them every ounce of my support. Don Pio Pico, the Mexican governor of California, came back to become a loyal and distinguished American. And in 1850, he added to his already enormous land holdings the Rancho Paso de Bartola Viejo, which he bought from the years of Juan Pérez. On the banks of San Jose Creek, which is now known as the San Gabriel River, he built an adobe mansion and his reputation for the most lavish hospitality grew. Don Pio, I've never seen such a wonderful ball. Do you like it, señor? I am glad. Do you like Rancho? Well, Rancho, what do you call it then? Well, because it is so small. Small. I'd say this was quite a mansion for this country. You see, the house, it is comfortable. But the Rancho, it is very small. Not the Rancho at all, just the Rancho. Oh, I see. Well, I suppose compared to your other Ranchos, like Rancho Santa Margarita to the south, this is pretty small. Oh, yes, Santa Margarita, 133,000 acres. Paso de Bartola, 9,000, you see? Rancho. I live here. Let my neighborhood almost take care of the rest. Well, I don't blame you. It's practically perfect. The courtyard, looking out over the pointy hills, the ballroom, looking out over the creek. See, any fun place to race the horse? Señor, you have never seen a California horse race, have you? No, I can't say I have. Well, just you wait until tomorrow. You shall see a real horse race. Between my eyes, you'll lay home some no-good horse of Diego, say, Pulvera. It's over 1,000 yards at two o'clock sharp. I wouldn't miss that for anything. And, Señor, if you don't want to lose your money, be sure to bet on my arsulejo. Oh, betting too, eh? Well, maybe I might put up a fiver. Fiver, Señor, you mean $5,000, of course. Well, oh, no, no, I meant $5,000. Oh, but, Señor, I doubt if you can find anyone willing to bet so little. Well, how much is bet on this race? I should say about $40,000. There is, of course, not counting the cattle and the horses, the sheep, the ranch lands and... Holy smokes. Maybe I'd better just watch this one. The lavish, splendid extravagance of the dones manifested itself in horse racing with terrific stakes involved, as well as in great fiestas and entertainments. But a new era was about to dawn and slowly the noose of debts tightened about the necks of the old Californians. As P.O. Pico's debts mounted, his land shrunk. But before his beloved El Ranchita was gone, two things added to his woes. The first was the great flood of 1867. Don't fear, don't fear. The water is still rising if it's almost washing against the foundations of the house. Oh, my orchards, my beautiful orchards. They are ruined. Look at them, water rushing through them, tearing out the trees, carrying away the fertile land. I'm so worried about them as I am about us. The water may keep on rising. It may crumble the walls of this adobe. We'd better get out of here. Look, here comes a man. It's Romon. Romon! Don Pico, I was coming to warn you to get out of here, but I was afraid too late. Too late? See, the water back there is worse. My horse lost his footing trying to cross the irrigation ditch. I was thrown to the bank, the horse whacked away. We couldn't get through the hills now. Then we'll just have to stay here and poke for the best. The roof doesn't come down on us. I've never seen such a flood. I've never seen such a flood. I've been up on the hills from there. It looks to me like this flood is changing the course of the San Gabriel River. In fact, the whole river is coming right down south of the creek, and your big irrigation ditch. Madre de Dios, and here we are. May God have mercy on us. The San Gabriel River did change its course to the channel we know today. Its old course is known today as the Rio Hondo. Don Pico escaped the water's wrath, and another blow had come to him. The United States Land Commission, in determining the boundaries of the original grant of the Rancho Paso de Bartolo, had excluded that section of the land, which was to become Huedir. The rest of the land Don Pico kept until 1892, when creditors finally dispossessed him. But in the meantime, the land which had been returned to the government was sold to various individuals. And finally, in 1881, an Indiana farmer, John M. Thomas, bought it up and built a house. In 1887, it was the scene of a conference between two men. You say your name's Pickering? Yes, A. H. Pickering of Chicago. My wife and I are out here in California looking for a place to buy. Oh, you're planning to settle down here then? Well, not exactly. I want to buy land as a site for a town. You see, I represent the Society of Friends. Oh, Quakers, you mean? Yes. My wife and I have been from Sacramento to Ensenada, and this is the finest spot we have found. And since I understand it's for sale... Oh, sure. Come right on in. I'm sure we can make a deal, all right. The deal was made, and the Quaker Colony was started. The leader, Jonathan Bailey, moved into the old Thomas' house, and on its porch the next Sunday, services were held. And thank the old Lord for this great bountiful country which now has provided for us. Blessed, and this new town of it here, which we have founded in thy name. A year named for the great Quaker poet, James Greenleaf Whittier, was founded. In May 1887, the first blocks were sold. The new town was established just in time to get in on the boom of the 80s and land prices soared. Quakers poured in from every part of the country, and the new city was on its way. Today, Whittier is the center of a market area of homes and industry with 32,000 happy citizens devoted to pleasant and productive living. And on this place of the wild bees, where stood an Indian village and where a great battle was fought, this land is today covered with miles of fertile orchards yielding valuable harvest of California's crop of gold. Such is the story of progress and the romance of the ranchos. In a moment, Frank Graham will tell you a little about next week's exciting story. The purpose of the title insurance and trust company in sponsoring these broadcasts is two-fold. First, to enable you to share the thrills and inspiration that come from knowledge of our community's romantic and adventurous past. To be familiar with the people who lived here and the things they did long before our time makes living in Southern California actually more fun, makes names and places twice as interesting. Second, by means of these programs, the title insurance and trust company hopes to acquaint you with the nature and the value of title insurance and the work that must precede you will not hesitate to avail yourself of this necessary protection whenever you deal in real estate. Now, Frank, what's the story for next week? Ah, next week, we'll have a story about a famous battle of Southern California in which the total casualties were two horses and one mule. It took place in San Fernando Valley on the Rancho Ex Mission Bay San Fernando and it's a story you'll want to hear. So until next week, this is your wandering Baccaro Frank Graham saying, Hasta la vista, señoras y señoras. The Romance of the Ranchos, a presentation of the title insurance and trust company of Los Angeles, featuring Frank Graham as your wandering Baccaro comes to you each week at the same time. Bob Lamont speaking, this is the Columbia Broadcasting System.


What kind of world do I want to live in? I think about this question a lot. For our generation and for specifically my group of people, which is refugees, the circumstances might dismantle any vision of the future that we have. You're trying to rebuild, you're trying to make a future for yourself, and then the climate-related disaster comes and you start again.  The first step to understand is that we're all a part of it. None of us are going to be left out by the crisis. We're at a stage where if we don't act now, really there won't be very much left. There are generations that will never see certain things that we grew up seeing in real life. We have to start treating this like the emergency it is to achieve the 17 sustainable development goals. We have to go from an intention to a serious commitment. Business leaders really need to rethink how they conduct their business and invest in creating systems that are climate-friendly. The action I would like to see is accountability. Structures being put in place where countries aren't just asked to do something, but they're kept accountable to the decisions that they make. There has to be that strong collaboration between government, between corporations, between youth activists to drive change forward. The world I would want to live in is a world where imagining the future is not a privilege. I want to live in a world where people do not give up on hope. Hope that a positive change is possible. The fact that you're listening today means that you are willing to make a change. Hello everyone. My name is Jane Nelson and it is my very great pleasure to welcome our panelists and our viewers to this important discussion on galvanizing country-led pathways for food, which we're having the day before the United Nations hosts its first ever Food Systems Summit, where the international community will be coming together around a shared agenda of delivering food systems that are healthy for people and healthy for the planet. The leadership challenge we all face is clear. It's compelling and it's urgent. As United Nations Secretary General said yesterday, we face the greatest cascade of crises in our lifetime. The climate crisis, the COVID-19 crisis, the crisis of growing conflict and inequality, and there can be absolutely no doubt that one of the most important pathways for tackling these crises is strengthening our food systems and ensuring that our food systems are more inclusive, that they're more sustainable, more resilient and more healthy and nutritious. And so what type of bold action is needed to strengthen our food systems? In the lead-up to the Food Systems Summit, an enormous amount of work has been done around the world, including over 1,500 national food systems dialogues that have happened at national and local places around the globe, bringing together policymakers, business leaders, consumers, farmers, youth activists, community organizers, around the question of what type of future do we want for food systems. And I think one of the strongest messages that has come out of all the preparation is the critical importance of country-level leadership, country priority setting and country pathways, owned very much by national governments but with all the other stakeholders around the table as part of the agenda. And as of this morning, 93 countries have released their own specific pathways for their view of the transformation of their food system. And although each pathway is unique, one of the common themes through all of them is the crucial importance of new models of partnership and coalitions in order to drive more sustainable, resilient and inclusive and healthy and nutritious food systems. And it's those types of partnerships that we're going to be focusing on in our panel discussion. One example of such a partnership is the Food Action Alliance, which is an initiative that brings together public and private partners both globally and at the level of specific countries and value chains and flagship initiatives, aiming to mobilize resources, finances and coordination to make these initiatives more effective. And just as weak as part of the Sustainable Development Impact Summit, the Food Action Alliance has launched a new report about multistakeholder coalitions for food systems transformation drawing on over 10 years of experience of some of the things that work and what doesn't work at the country level and a call to action for new models of partnership at the country level. And we have a fantastic group of panelists to share with us their priorities and examples of country-led food transformation. First of all, Dr. Agnes Kalibata, who is the Special Envoy for the UN Food Systems Summit. Secondly, His Excellency, the Minister of Agriculture from Columbia, Mr. Rodolfo Zea. Mr. Gilbert Humbu, who is the President of the International Fund for Agricultural Development, IFAD. Good to have you with us, Gilbert. Pilar Cruz, the Chief Sustainability Officer at Cargill and Jay Shroff, the CEO of UPL. So thank you all for being with us today. Before we dive into the panel, I also have pleasure in introducing His Excellency, the Deputy Prime Minister of Vietnam, Mr. Pham Binh Minh, who will make some opening keynote remarks. Over to him. Ladies and gentlemen, I thank the World Economic Forum for inviting me to address this summit. As the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change have exhibited the weakness and shortcomings in the global food system, countries need to strengthen partnership to promote the sustainability and adaptability of national food system in the new norm. Substantible agriculture and food security are among the pillars of Vietnam's socio-economic development strategy for 2021 to 2030, in which we privatize the development of eco-farming, large-scale high-tech, low-emission and climate resilient agriculture. And we are committed to the transition to a transparent, accountable and sustainable food system. For further governizing countries led pathways to food, I wish to propose the following areas of cooperation. First, we must maintain stable and seamless every-country supply chain globally. Countries need to minimize the necessary barriers to food production and export, enhance value chain connectivity, promote e-commerce, reform the system of origin traceability, logistics, transport and quality control. Vietnam wishes to collaborate with all stakeholders to promote agriculture and fishery exports, thus moving Vietnam upward in the regional and global agricultural supply chains. Second, the green and digital transformation of agriculture is an urgent need. Therefore, financial, technological and capacity-building assistance for developing countries is critical for the transition to more sustainable and climate resilient food system. Vietnam stands ready to become a food innovation center in Asia. And we will continue to actively join initiatives on innovation, digital transformation and environmental protections in the agricultural sector. Third, it is imperative to further strengthen platforms for partnership and cooperation in sustainable agriculture and to encourage the participation and support of all actors, particularly through PPP projects. Vietnam is among the original members of the partnership for sustainable agriculture within the web. A partnership that could serve to be a model of preference in building partnerships in this area. Fourth, given the strong urgency of containing the pandemic and promoting sustainable recovery, we stress the importance of equitable access to vaccines. The international community should also accelerate cooperation in the manufacturing of vaccines and treatment drugs in this regard. Vietnam is committed to working closely with partners around the world in the fight against COVID-19 and on the part to a sustainable and inclusive recovery, including green and sustainable agriculture. Thank you. Thank you very much to his excellency and I think a very, very important connection he made there between sustainable agriculture and food security on the one hand and effective public health interventions, vaccines, but public health and nutrition on the other hand. And the link also and crucial importance of digital platforms to help us as well. I'd like to now start Dr. Kallibata with you and first of all just acknowledge and say thank you for your remarkable leadership over many, many years, but particularly your leadership in the lead up to the UN Food System Summit. This obviously is an incredible opportunity to put food much more at the center as a priority for the sustainable development goals and it would be great if you could get us going, sort of sharing what your top priorities are, particularly at the country level for the summit. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to speak to you today and really thank you for working this journey with us coming this far. We have one date with the summit and Agnes can you, we can't hear you, so if you can give a little quieter, I don't know if it's just me. Okay. Can you hear me now? Can you hear me now? It's better, yes. Okay, is that better? Very good. So I was again appreciating the support we've got from all of you and coming this far and going straight to the very question you're asking, how do we ensure that we come through. I think we've seen a number of things. Number one, we've been working on ensuring that there's a shift in the mindset that we stop looking at food and food systems from a perspective of ending hunger, dealing with diets, the challenge of diets or even dealing with the challenge of climate change that we actually look at food in the totality that it presents itself as a system and start working like that. And that's a major focus of the work we are doing. The next bit is of course ambition. Is it possible to actually raise ambition as we work with the food system to ensure that we can see the change we want to see. And this has been captured in what we are calling the means of implementation when it comes to how we deliver against food systems. It looks at how we mobilize finances. It looks at how those finances would transform the change co-instruments or political policy frameworks that get implemented. But it also looks at how we are ready to take on innovation. How do we innovate and continue trying that we are using innovation to change how we move forward. And then the last two things would be around inclusivity. How do we ensure that everything we are doing we are coordinating across sectors, but also we are bringing forward something to offer. And then how do we build partnerships which is what we started with the whole coalition we are talking about is a recognition that no single partner can deliver on this alone. That we need to come together around areas that are very critical to us delivering against the SDGs and against an improved or transforming food system that we need to come together around those areas. So if we can form partnerships that ensure that we are coming through together in areas where individual countries individual nations can't do it alone then we will possibly be able to bend the curve that we've been looking to bend in this food system transition that we are looking for. Dr. Kullabarton, I think your point particularly about inclusivity how are we much more intentional in both policymaking the business side as well to be clear who are the stakeholders who are the most vulnerable both producers, farmers, consumers along food value chains and how do they have a voice at a place at the table as we build these partnerships and policy priorities. And coming to public policy priorities I'd like to bring in now His Excellency the Minister of Agriculture Mr. Zea Jambia, you and your colleagues have already demonstrated great leadership of national priority setting around food systems and it would be great to sort of hear your insights on what are some of the actions you've taken at the country level and what do you see as some of the priorities and to our viewers the Minister will be sharing his comments in Spanish and translation should be available on your screens. Your Excellency over to you Well, thank you very much and a warm welcome to all of our colleagues and people who are with us on this panel and who are watching us. From Colombia we have made a food security policy starting from the regions for that the Interceptorial Commission of Food Security and Nutrition and we are passing a law that allows that food security is also food sovereignty this is what it consists of that what is consumed in the regions of Colombia is what people are used to to historically consume and through research and science as it has been working with the Biodiversity Ciat and also with AgroSavia to fortify these foods in a natural way and organic production in such a way that people can improve their food with what they are used to historically consume and it has also included rural women and we have programs as peaceful opportunities in the Colombian Pacific where we are supporting the productive chain of these women to have quality food all this looking for the country to improve in the future in productivity but in a sustainable way with the environment and for that today we have alliances with the Ministry of Environment to produce and preserve and to be able to fulfill the goals of the government of President Iván Duque how to reduce greenhouse gas in 51% to 20% to 30% to be able to leave 180 million trees and to be able to reach 180,000 hectares with wild pastoral systems and sustainable winery can convert the winery in Colombia into an activity that can capture CO2 in this way we work in productivity with technology research and science to improve the food of the Colombians and to be able to reach the world again this message of inclusion and your example of the inclusion of rural women in some of your initiatives secondly the importance of science and data and technology and really strengthening the capabilities of national level research institutions and their links with each other thirdly your point about both quality food but also food diversity and really recognizing local foods local traditions and applauding and supporting those and then fourthly your point about policy coordination and the fact that you were working with your colleagues in the environment department and I know also in the Ministry of Economics that we have more integration at the government level across different industries around food so thank you for highlighting I think those important messages and I would like to now move from a government perspective to our two business colleagues and bring in another wonderful Colombian Pilar as I mentioned earlier the Chief Sustainability Officer at Cargill Pilar from your perspective as a global food company but operating obviously in many countries most countries around the world what do you see as the priorities for transforming food systems at the country level so Jane first of all thank you for the opportunity to participate in this event we are delighted to be here with all of you today and yes we believe that the greatest opportunity to drive a more sustainable food system starts right there where our food system begins and that is the farm and the farmer we know that agriculture can be a force for good Cargill believes that agriculture is how we are going to address climate change protect the planet and feed a growing population in a safe sustainable and responsible way so how are we doing this let's look at what is happening within the agricultural sector across North America where thousands of farmers and producers are adopting more sustainable practices that benefit life above and below the earth's surface let's look at regenerative agriculture as an example when farmers eliminate tillage or add cover crops to their land not only they improve their yields but they also become more efficient and productive which at the end of the day we all know it brings significant economic value to the farm in addition to that they perceive significant sustainability benefits like capturing carbon in the soil the long-term benefits are significant including improving the fertility of the land for future growing seasons and this is why Cargill is partnering with farmers to bring these practices to 10 million acres in North America by 2030 but I talked about above and below the land so how does it work above the land across areas like in the southern Great Plains in North America which is responsible for about a third of the beef production in the US ratchets are also rotating grazing practices to improve and promote biodiversity and hence the health of the soy and hold carbon in the soil so for Cargill it all begins with the farmers we are also working with partners such as WWF and TNC and customers like Walmart McDonald's and Cisco and we are also partnering with farmers replicating these practices and improving the sustainability of the beef supply chain all the way from the farm to the restaurant and in summary I think we have mentioned this before no single entity or government is going to solve our food system challenges alone we in our company believe that collaboration is a must amongst all of us who are joining this call and this event today but also we are pleased to be a member of the food action alliance we believe this collective effort is going to drive transformation within the food system faster and at a scale and my last comment Jane only by working together with farmers at the center we are going to build a global food system that is inclusive sustainable and resilient well thank you thank you for that Pilar and I think again that message of inclusion coming through so strongly of the inclusion of the farmers but also I think two of the most interesting partnership models at the country level for companies is with non-profit organizations both food non-profits environmental organizations humanitarian organizations to reach particularly the most vulnerable rural communities and vulnerable consumers but also business to business partnerships we talk a lot about public-private partnerships with these business to business partnerships with other food companies but also with banks and technology companies etc which you touched on there and I think key message for us to take away and a good segue to you to you Jane and you and your colleagues and your team at UPL have just been incredible champions now on strengthening food systems at the national level thank you Jane thank you pleasure to be here and see everyone and good luck for the meeting this week at UPL we believe in the fact that farmers are key source of enablement for the world and I think that by rewarding and recognizing the farmer at the center as my panelist said you can drive the biggest impact towards decarbonizing the world today we are incentivizing large industrial companies by rewarding them for being sustainable and I think we need to relook at the amount of incentive and reward and recognition we are giving to the smallest farmers smallholder farmers to motivate them to change practices to improve practices and to be regenerated this is really an exciting journey at UPL working on technologies to be able to enable them and we believe that together with the governments organizations NGOs and other private sector I think if we are able to incentivize and reward the smallholder farmers it is unfortunate that most people eat three times a day and the people supplying the food for us are the poorest in the world this is an irony which needs to be sorted out and we can't have the farmers who are actually the biggest industrial base being the poorest people so it's very important I love the agenda I love the subjects I think working together with the governments I think Agnes is doing an amazing job of raising awareness for Africa, for India you know we at what we expect as a private sector is that the governments agree on the priorities on value chains you know Vietnam is an amazing example of a country which has been able to drive transformation of various value chains and become a world leader coffee, I think cashew fish exports I mean they've just done an amazing job by focusing creating the right infrastructure training needs because a farmer needs a value chain processing and all those kind of things and if we can get various countries and to focus on their priorities we should be able to deliver results much much faster you know the food action alliance is an amazing initiative and we are very happy to be part of that and supported to really transform the the resilience of the small world of farmers and you know it's it's such an important subject and you know we with a little bit of incentive and reward we can really transform the carbon footprint of the world and I think this is the easiest way to do it thank you absolutely no thank you and I think you really want to reiterate and reinforce your comment about incentives and it goes back to you know Agnes talking in the beginning also we need to change mindsets and behaviors and one of the ways to do that is incentives and I think you know we particularly for small holder farmers what can governments do to improve market incentives for large companies to be more inclusive and sustainable and then what can you know large companies do who are working with small holder farmers you know to provide much much sort of stronger incentives for as you say production production that's sustainable and also incentives for more nutritious food so thank you for that and a good segue to President Hung Bao you and your team again have played a remarkable leadership role for many many years but very much in the lead up to the summit and as we go through the summit and going forward IFAD and FAO and World Food Program will be playing a crucial role in determining the outcomes of the summit and so it would be great to get your priorities on what you think is particularly important at the country level thank you so much first of all I would like to see you once again I mean for us all of that said and done tomorrow after the summit I consider that the real beginning all we have done is what we call in Italy the aperitivo we are just preparing the ground the real thing will start as you mentioned in your introductory remark the leadership that we have from the country through the pathway and others so one of the key role that the Rome based agencies IFAD, WFP, FAO and again with other UN agencies and development partners is to ensure that we adjust our support programs to the countries in moving ahead with their pathways secondly it's going to be important for us to have a coordinated approach and harmonized approach right now we feel and which is good news the momentum we have created together a very high level of momentum and there's so many initiatives to be important for us to ensure that there is some kind of a coordinated way of addressing the different dimension for the issue both from food security perspective from climate change perspective and from the economic perspective my next point is going to be quite critical and then maybe I'm looking at that from specifically IFAD angle let's keep in mind that when we start this whole story of the food systems not only is there a way to really put together from the small scale producers today on commercial food system companies to ensure that these not only leaders to better nutritious food and fighting hunger but also to provide minimum decent living income for those small scale producers and therefore that's going to be quite critical how do we ensure that these coffee producers in Colombia at the end of the chain he or she has that minimum income to generate the work that and they are put there at the beginning of the production level it does also include that not only we just link them up with the commercial farmers is also bringing them also as small scale producers as SMEs to do a minimum transformation so to be able to add value to what they are producing and my last point will be link to the the climate change dimension we know that climate change particularly the adaptation level is going to be crucial and therefore having ways to provide the small scale producers in ensuring them that they are better equipped to face the climate change and including extreme weather condition insurance is what we want to be working with the government on the country level. The last very last point if I may that they want to be of course the global engagement initiative that hopefully will continue and we have to encourage that and the national pathway at the national level and the different the scientists and all different initiative will go on. So what they are be a colleague together with the UN colleague we want to be the the glue between these different parties. So a coordinating matter where we should be able also to report back not only to the secretary general and the deputy secretary general in New York but also for us to report back to the high level political forum every year or every two years in New York so to ensure that there is a sense of accountability and momentum being kept over the coming years to increase the chance of achieving SDG 1 and 2 by 2030. Over to you. Great. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much Gilbert. And one quick added question there. What role do you see for the development banks, the World Bank the regional development banks partnering with you on the means of implementation? Yeah. This is going to be if you look at what the one thing that if I was doing we are together with the French agents facility development and the here in Italy because of the positive precedent we trying to bring together the development partner the public development bank around the world to really create a platform so we can put all our efforts together to create a greater synergy in providing finance specifically to the rural community to the small scale producer which is one. Secondly globally as a follow up on the full system summit at the end of the day the financing is not the only issue let's be very clear but financing is an essential dimension so we're going to need the financial institutions the World Bank of this world the IMF of this world the regional development banks trying to also come with different innovation in financing that can be made available to the different initiatives preferably at the country level but also the research dimension so that the result of the research and the scientific perspective the result of those work can be brought and scale up at the country office level and that we need the financial institutions yes it's a first of all the public development bank that we are working on but we see this bigger than just the public development bank but the whole financial institution that we need to step up their engagement and their involvement in providing innovative financing particularly to the rural world to lift up out of poverty and I think one key message I want to pull out from your comments amongst many great points is about living wage and living income and I think you're talking about in the context of farmers I think consumers as well I think one of our biggest challenges as a global community is to realize that if households do not have a living income or living wage the ability to feed their families in any nutritious healthy way is almost impossible and so in addition to having social safety nets in times of crisis like we're currently going through I think getting business and governments working together on much more urgency on living wages and living income and the ILO and other UN agencies coming in on that is very important as well both for farmers and consumers so thank you all very very much for highlighting your priorities I think as we start to close up here there are five key themes coming through to me what's important at the country level and the first is overarching message of inclusion and particularly governments and business leaders and large financial institutions being very intentional about inclusion of particularly rural communities smallholder farmers, low income consumers the most vulnerable people that their priorities are addressed secondly the importance of policy coordination you know both between governments but between ministries within governments as the minister of agriculture shared with us and thirdly this critical importance of evidence based data analysis data collection, science, technology national research institutions and capabilities and fourthly the enormous enabler of digitization and your digital platforms and then fifth I think all of you in different ways have touched on finance and incentives and you're finding both innovative insurance mechanisms savings mechanisms etc. as well as mobilizing multi-billion dollar finance for infrastructure so the financial innovation being obviously a key element as well so as we sort of move towards closing I'd like to ask each of you just to reflect obviously there are numerous priorities that you're all juggling with in your leadership roles but what would be one major commitment as we sort of move into the UN food system summit tomorrow with a focus on these country-led priority-setting country-led pathways what would be one or two major commitments for you and your institution and Gilbert can I come back to you to start with you on your major commitment to actually lead into the summit that's a tricky question we have so many things that we want to commit ourselves to that is difficult to make the major one but clearly for me is to be able to redirect our financing particularly we start in a new cycle in next January to ensure that we redirect our financing to align behind these pathways secondly, helping the countries to scale up the investment that are now at the country level so to be able to have a greater impact on the different coalitions that they are focusing in their pathways and what you sort of said earlier about public banks but also public pension funds and others at the country level how do we mobilize not just global finance but national resources and finance at the country level thank you Your Excellency Minister Zia can I come to you on what would be some of the major commitments and priorities for you and your colleagues Thank you Thank you and again very, very important priorities and I'll just come back to as well applauding you and I hope every government around the world can sort of follow your, your model of this inter ministerial cooperation around the, around the food agenda so thank you for your, your leadership. Pilar coming to you. Some key key commitments from from your side. Yeah, thank you Jane flow from a cargo perspective our commitment is to those who enable our food system more specifically the farmers and their communities. We believe that we have to empower local farmers and communities to create their own food system to build economic opportunity and feed a growing population. I wanted to share just briefly an excellent example of how Cargill is doing this and it's our partnership with the hatching hope initiative. And we have a goal to improve the livelihoods of about 100 million people around the world through the power of poultry farming. We have an excellent example of a young Indian woman multilateral who is the primary earner in her family. Her farm wasn't doing well and she saw an excellent opportunity to come to hatching hope for support for training for things like proper housing vaccinations and as a result of these the support she got the support she got from hatching hope and Cargill. She was able to more than quadruple the size of the farm. There are many many women like multilateral around the world, and we know that when they are empowered we strengthen local economies and we remove some of the vulnerabilities and inequalities in the food system. And I know we can do this we can do it together. Reminding us that 100 million farmers, it's 100 million individual farmers and their households and individual stories, individual experiences, individual challenges, and you're focusing on that as well as the ambitious numbers. So thank you, thank you for reminding us of that importance. Jay, over to you. Thank you. No, we're very excited about project which we're doing, you know, in India about 5 million acres of rice farmers burn that crop, because they don't have time to rotate the crop. We've committed to in the crop burn, we call it in the crop one in the next three years so 5 million acres will stop this year the is the first year we launched the initiative where we're offering free service to use bio enzyme to stop the farmers from crop It's a free service 500,000 acres will not burn this year and we were excited for, you know, almost 5 million acres in next three years so it's a very exciting project we have a lot of commitment from other food companies and to classify and give traceability to the food produced the crop produced by these farmers to be able to be, you know, differentiated and called sustainably grown. It's a very exciting initiative, a lot of support, we're also doing something quite innovative there. Citizens of Delhi who suffer the impact of the crop burn can contribute online to individual farmers and sort of give them this incentive to not to burn and to reward them in a small way. It's not a major financial commitment but just increases the interaction between, you know, families living in Delhi and around contribute to these farmers who are changing their practices and sacrificing for a better environment. I think it brings us back to one of Agnes's opening comments on the need to change mindsets and that, you know, we have to find more creative ways to link the producers and farmers with end consumers and the people who are consuming, you know, the food and cities. So thank you for that example and I think also a great example of bringing together, you know, life science technology, digital technology and financial technology with capability building at the level of the farmer that, you know, you as a large company partnering with others can do. So thank you. And finally, Agnes, back to you with some closing comments on, you know, what will you feel at the end of tomorrow in terms of, you know, major commitment and priority going forward. Thank you.  So I'm definitely looking to first of all, closing on that, ensuring that tomorrow we have a great summit, all of us and we are already beginning on a very good note with the commitment from the US government yesterday of $10 billion to commit to end to hunger, but also then with the commitment from private sector yesterday of $345 million under the leadership of Lawrence Haddad that the private sector is putting on the table. So if we continue with that tone, I'm just thinking that if 10 more countries came forward the way the US did, we would have the budget we need to end hunger in the next 10 years. So really a very good start. In addition to that, of course, is working with the RBS to ensure that we transition this work to the RBS and make sure that they can continue. And then I go back to my day job, which day job is going to be to ensuring that the commitments that the African countries have made in their pathways can be translated into investment plans.  So I'm excited to see to take this whole perspective of the summit about the continent and get to work. Great. No, well, thank you. Thank you so much, Agnes. And thank you again for your truly remarkable leadership and to all of you for your leadership. And I think a very strong call to action there for all of us. How do governments make specific time bound pledges and commitments? How can we get more companies to pledge, whether it's the Zerahunger pledge or other other pledges? And what can each of us do as individuals to support nonprofit organizations and other initiatives that are focused on making food systems more inclusive and sustainable and resilient and nutritious and healthy. And I think as we move forward, three sort of closing comments for me at the country level. It's absolutely clear that country-led leadership is where we need to go. And I sort of take away three themes. One, investment plans. How do we take these commitments into very specific national investment plans led by ministers like Minister Dao and his colleagues in each country, but working with business, working with local pension funds, development banks, et cetera, on how to implement those investment plans in specific value chains that are priorities that are identified at the country level. Secondly, clearly innovation. And we've had great examples here today. Innovation in policy engagement and cross-ministerial cooperation, innovation in financing mechanisms, innovation in technologies, and very much innovation in partnership building and innovation in business models. And taking an innovation mindset and the concept of innovation hubs forward together with sort of national level investment plans and priorities, I think is the second key theme that has come through in many months, but also today. And then thirdly, very importantly, the message of inclusion and being so intentional around including both farmers and consumers, particularly remote rural communities, lower income farmers and consumers and the most vulnerable in any focus on building more sustainable and resilient and healthy food systems. So country level investment plans, innovation and the concept of innovation hubs, and a very, very strong focus on inclusion. So thank you. And I think it's very exciting. The fact we've got 63 countries who have already put forward pathways. So at least 63 investment plans already in the making and look forward to taking it together. Is it more than 63 already? 93. 93, sorry, 93. Thank you. Thank you, Agnes. Thank you. 93 countries and counting and many pledges coming from companies as well. So thank you very, very much to our panelists. And I'd like to now hand over to Sean DeClean from the World Economic Forum to close us off. Sean. Thank you very much. As a member of the Executive Committee of the World Economic Forum on whose behalf I just would like to thank the moderator, Jay Nelson, who together with a fantastic panel today I just think really brought this to life. So, so well done. I mean what the panel, at least for me really articulated is what we can definitely expect from the summit is a united message from countries on their rapidly adopting a food systems approach at the individual country level and how important it's going to be for the international community moving forward to be supporting those country pathways for food system transformation. So, well done, and very energetic and powerful message that came through and the forum, along with the Food Action Alliance and other coalitions for action is just very keen to support this process. And it's platformed for leaders from all sectors from business government civil society international organizations as a scale accelerator in support of food systems transformation. So, I hope everyone got as much out of this panel today as I did but thank you very much.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we are going to discuss the following question and the question says that rewrite the given statements in if then form. Also identify the hypothesis and the conclusion. An even number is a multiple of two. Fam will score good marks if he studies hard. As we know in an if then form of a statement the clause followed by the word if is called hypothesis and the clause followed by the word then is called conclusion. With this key idea let us proceed with the solution. Let us start with the first statement. An even number is a multiple of two. Now we will rewrite it in the if then form. If a number is a multiple of two then it is an even number. Now we have to identify its hypothesis and conclusion. From the key idea we know that in an if then form of a statement the clause followed by the word if is called the hypothesis and the clause followed by the word then is called the conclusion. So here the hypothesis is a number is a multiple of two and the conclusion is it is an even number. The second statement is Sam will score good marks if he studies hard. The if then form of this statement is if Sam studies hard then he will score good marks. Now we have to identify the hypothesis and conclusion. The hypothesis is Sam studies hard and the conclusion is he will score good marks. This is the required answer. With this we complete our session. Hope you enjoyed the session.


Welcome. I just wanted to say welcome to the end of democracy. We're here to overthrow it completely. We didn't get all the way there on January 6th, but we will we will endeavor to get rid of it and replace it with with this right here. We'll replace it with this right here. Amen. That's right because all glory all glory is not to government all glory to God. You just listened to far right political commentator Jack Pyssobiac say the quiet part loud. He intends to overthrow and replace democracy. Now you couldn't really make out what he was holding up but it appears that that was a crucifix which indicates that he has a desire for a Christian nationalist theocracy. Now look one could dismiss this as him just being facetious based on the laughs that he got from Steve Bannon, but that's only if you watched half of the clip. As he goes on in the second half it becomes pretty obvious that his tone changed and he was being dead serious. But we didn't really need this confirmation from him because Trump allies have been pretty open about the fact that they want to turn America into a Christian nationalist country. In fact just this week we got a report from Politico detailing plans to quote infuse Christian nationalism into Trump's second administration quote spearheading the effort is Russell Vaught who served as Trump's director of the office of management and budget during his first term and has remained close to him. Vaught who is frequently cited as a potential chief of staff in a second Trump White House is president of the center for renewing America think tank a leading group in a conservative consortium preparing for a second Trump term. One document drafted by CRA staff and fellows includes a list of top priorities for CRA in a second term. Christian nationalism is one of the bullet points. Others include invoking the insurrection act on day one to quash protests and refusing to spend authorized congressional funds on unwanted projects a practice banned by lawmakers in the Nixon era. Now for those unaware Christian nationalism is inherently incompatible with democracy because it supposes that God is above government and since we have a first amendment that explicitly separates church and state you wouldn't be able to infuse Christian nationalism into government without violating the US constitution but don't take it for me because we just heard it straight from the horse's mouth all glory all glory is not to government all glory to God so take from that what you will now the question is how would Trump's allies exactly do what they want to do how would they specifically infuse Christian nationalism into government I mean aren't there supposed to be checks and balances to prevent that sort of abuse of power and the answer is yes and no right yes checks and balances still do exist technically but dozens of conservative organizations have come together to form a plan known as project 2025 that aims to do away with the remaining checks and balances that could theoretically hold Trump accountable if he chooses to abuse power now the first step of project 2025 is to completely and utterly dismantle the administrative state by purging every single bureaucrat who's not completely loyal to Donald Trump now this process is actually already underway because there's been reports that Trump allies are currently interviewing potential loyalists to head top agencies now this is significant because if these agencies actually do become rubber stamps for Trump all of his checks in the executive branch are then gone remember he couldn't steal the election in 2020 because department heads defied him and also threatened to resign en masse but he is immediately addressing this problem by just cleaning house and stacking these agencies with loyal NPCs now you could argue that there are other checks such as Congress and the judiciary and you'd be correct but I mean he's already stacked the judiciary he has a 63 majority on the Supreme Court half of Congress is already comprised of fascist extremists as it is now so the institutional checks that once protected us from a president with dictatorial ambitions are quickly eroding and they plan to kind of give all these checks and balances the final death blow if he gets elected and they bring project 2025 to fruition but the document obtained by Politico doesn't actually name specific Christian nationalist policies that Trump allies want to infuse in his second administration but we don't really need to see the document because we already know what they're planning to do thanks to project 2025 and Brian Tannehill of Dane magazine has a detailed write-up about the 900 page master plan and one paragraph in particular includes a wish list of unconstitutional socially conservative policies followed by details about how they plan to enact these policies it reads quote pornography manifested today in omnipresent propagation of transgender ideology and sexualization of children for instance is not a political Gordian not inextricably binding up disparate claims about free speech property rights sexual liberation and child welfare it has no claim to first amendment protection its purveyors are child predators and misogynistic exploiters of women their product is as addictive as any illicit drug and as psychologically destructive as any crime pornography should be outlawed the people who produce and distribute it should be imprisoned educators and public librarians who purvey it should be classed as registered sex offenders and telecommunications and technology firms that facilitate its spread should be shuttered now you don't really have to unpack that paragraph too much to know what to expect because it's pretty obvious in the very first sentence they say that transgender people are tantamount to porn now they also say they want to ban porn and jail anyone who disseminates said porn meaning that queer people will no longer be allowed to exist publicly under these new rules that they want to enact and anyone who was an ally for queer people and defends them they'll be jailed as well it's uh it's pretty raisin right now if you think i'd be hyperbolic if they designate lgbtq plus people as porn and simultaneously outlaw porn what exactly else does that mean right and they say the penalty should be imprisonment so it's pretty obvious this is authoritarianism these are laws that are more harsh than russia's anti-lgbtq plus propaganda laws we're actually looking at laws more comparable to countries like saudi arabia for example and they make it pretty clear that free speech rights don't apply to lgbtq plus quote criminals who they also demonized child predators now you might say that regardless of how they designate queer people we still have constitutional protections and that's true but who's going to stop them from violating the constitution and abusing power if most of the people in government are all puppets for donald trump that's why they're doing the whole purge first and foremost right that's why claims about democracy being overthrown need to be taken seriously project 2025 isn't some fringe document being constructed by shitposting podcast hosts on the right it is devised by multiple influential right-wing organizations in fact when i say multiple that kind of undersells it by 50 right-wing organizations and written by very powerful people who've been in government before and will likely return to government again if trump gets a second term and that's the case with vat as well he's likely going to be in the white house if trump gets elected but i want to get back to him because politico has even more details about him and his allies quote vat has a close affiliation with christian nationalist william wolf a former trump administration official who has advocated for overturning same-sex marriage ending abortion and reducing access to contraceptives vat who declined to comment is advising project 2025 a governing agenda that would usher in one of the most conservative executive branches in modern american history the effort is made up of a constellation of conservative groups run by trump allies who've constructed a detailed plan to dismantle or overhaul key agencies in a second term among other principles the project's mandate for leadership states that freedom is defined by god not man so the flavor of authoritarianism being pushed by project 2025 is christian nationalism and the organization that's leading the charge here is the highly influential heritage foundation who's gotten a lot more open lately about the freedoms that they want to take away from americans in fact they tweeted this themselves quote conservatives have to lead the way in restoring sex to its true purpose and ending recreational sex and senseless use of birth control pills so let's be really clear here queer and marginalized people aren't going to be the only ones affected by project 2025 everyone is going to be affected by it they want to turn america into the christian equivalent of saudi arabia and doing that necessitates an end to our current democratic regime now it's still entirely possible that they don't get to do what they want they don't enact their entire agenda perhaps there's infighting and they butt heads i don't know but when they're laying out their authoritarian ambitions like in plain sight for all of us to see i think that would be foolish to not take them seriously to not take them at their word this is dangerous they want to end democracy and if we don't listen to them we only have ourselves to blame in the end


Decordicate posturing helps us assess the patient's neurologic status and when we talk about posturing that usually means that some significant injury has occurred to the patient's midbrain which controls the motor response or motor movement. And so decordicate posturing means that there's some involuntary posturing now going on in the patient's body that we can assess. And decordicate, remember, can stay can stand for the extremities to the core. And so the lower extremities in decordicate and de-cerebrate posturing are pretty similar where in decordicate the arm movement is different. So the arms will go to the core, the elbows and the wrists are flexed and it's everything goes to the patient's core. The legs are extended and the toes are pointed. And that is usually a sign of some pretty advanced injury to the patient's neurologic system that can be due to traumatic brain injury, maybe a stroke, maybe a brain hemorrhage, tumors, abscesses, those kind of things. Also check out my other video where I discuss de-cerebrate posturing that is a little bit worse than decordicate. Thanks for watching.