Hi everyone, I'm Yusai Wu. Today, I'm going to talk about the tight security of a variant of three-round key alternating cypher, in which all the round permutations are the same. This is the joint work with Li Qingyu, my advisor, Zheng Huca, and Xiao Lei Dong, and we are all from ECNU. At first, let's take a quick look at this work. It aims to study the security of our case HP, in which all the round permutations are the same. Due to that, we propose some general techniques for handling the dependence caused by using the same round permutation. More specifically, the techniques consist of a new representation and a type of combinatorial problems, for which we also give a solution framework, and some specific tricks which are useful during the proof. Based on these new techniques, we finally obtain a tight bound of 3k zsp, and our techniques also show some evidence that a similar result holds for general rk zsp. Okay, this is the outline of my talk. We start from the motivation of this work. Then, we will talk about the previous work and also show what's new in our results. After that, we will give the proof of view. At last, we summarize this work and give some open problems. In symmetrical cryptography, a typical provable security result is like this. If the underlying components satisfy assumption A, then the result construction achieves a certain security level. Here, the measure of security often depends on the model we consider. This type of results can be used to measure the soundness of design rationales for different objects, such as block ciphers, hash functions and so on. First of all, we can know that the assumption A in the result is closely related to the practical significance. As a result, we wish that the assumption can be as close to the actual implementations as possible. The key alternating cipher is well-known as it captures the high-level structure of many SPN block ciphers, such as AS. The following figure illustrates the r-round kac, in which all the round keys and round permutations are chosen independently. At this point, we can ask our question, is the kac construction good enough? At first, we cause a well-known result, proved by Chen and Sternberger, and then refined by Hoang and Tassaro. It says that if the round keys and round permutations are chosen independently and randomly, then we can get a tight security bound of rkac. However, for the reasons of efficiency and cost, practical ciphers usually use the same round permutation and generate the round keys from a short master key through a deterministic algorithm. Obviously, the round permutations and round keys are not independent at all. Thus, the assumption in the well-known result is too strong, and there still exists a big gap between them. To reduce such a gap, we have to consider the kac with dependence. In such a construction, the underlying components are no longer independent, and it is closer to the practical ciphers. Obviously, there are a lot of variants. To match the practical ciphers, our ultimate goal is to minimize the kac construction. In other words, we should find out the weakest kac having the same security level. In this work, we focus on a very natural variant, the kac with a single permutation. We can see that in the kacsp, the usage of round permutations is minimized and matches the practical implementations. Okay, we now move to the second part. In this part, we will review some related work and also talk about our results. For the classic kac construction, its security bound has been solved completely. The question of the security bound of our kac was proposed in 2012 and was solved in 2014. We can see that the development is rather fast. By contrast, the development in the field of kac with dependence is much slower, since it usually becomes very involved when the underlying components are no longer independent. Dankelman et al initiated the study of minimizing one round kac construction, and they showed that several strictly synchronous variants provide the same level of security. After that, the best work was given by Chen et al at the crypto 2014. They proposed several two round kac variants having almost the same security level. However, we still know little about the higher round kac. In this work, we proved that it's a tight bound of three kacsp. Based on the findings in our proof, we can also conjecture that this result holds for any rkacsp. Compared to Chen et al's work, our methodology stands in a higher level, so that the results can be generalized to higher round. Also, we solved the three round case, which is much more involved than the two round cases. An important thing is that the tricks used in Chen's work can be used to solve two round sub-problems in three kacsp. This idea is very important to general rkacsp. For more than three round kacsp, the most different thing is we have to deal with more than one sub-problem, and it is indeed a challenging task to balance all the sub-problems and get a desired bound. In addition, we find that the bound of a higher round case has more space to adjust. Okay, we now move to the third part. In this part, we will show you an overview of our proof. At first, let's make clear the indistinguishability framework. The adversary D can interact with two permutation oracles denoted as oracle inner and oracle outer. There are two worlds. In either world, the inner oracle is a URP denoted as P. The outer oracle in ideal world is an independent URP denoted as E. Well, in real world, the outer oracle is the rkacsp computed from the P and a random key. In information theoretical setting, we can assume that D is a deterministic algorithm with a query ahead. We denoted its number of queries to oracle i and oracle o as QP and QE respectively. Furthermore, we will give the actual key to D at the end of its interaction with the real world.  The insecurity of rkacsp against any CCA adversary making at most QE queries and QP queries can be defined as the formula. In our proof, we use the well-known ethical efficient method to up-bound the advantage of a adversary. In brief, the set of attainable transcripts can be divided into two parts. The good transcripts and the bad transcripts. Before any good transcript talk, the ratio has a uniform lower bound such as 1 minus E1. And the probability to obtain a bad transcript in ideal world is at most E2. Then the advantage is bounded by the sum of E1 and E2. For using this method, the key point is to determine the partition. Intuitively, if the ratio is very close to 1, then the transcript should be a good one. For knowing that, we will use the simple fact. Consider arbitrarily a transcript tau. We can define a value p tau for it. Where p tau is the probability that rkacsp extends QE when the p is a URP extending QP. Then the ratio equals to a constant times the cube p tau. Thus, it is equivalent to calculating the value of p tau. Actually, our work makes an in-depth study on the value of p tau from which we can judge whether the transcript tau is good. To characterize the underlying problems, we will take a quick look at the new representation. In brief, we use directed edges to represent the binary relation and the permutation. Naturally, we can also define a directed path which consists of directed edges. For instance, this formula can be denoted as a path as follows. In this path, we have two edges, and we call the x and y as the source and the destination of this path respectively. Next, let's see a special path called the target path. In such a path, the source and the destination are known, but also in the nodes are undefined. Thus, the target path has a form like this. In addition, we defined a useful notion named strongly-destroined that q1 and q2 be two sets of query-answer pairs. Then, we see that q1 is strongly-destroined with q2 if also xi and uj are distinct, as well as also yi and vj are distinct. Using the new representation, the value of p tau can be reduced to a type of combinatorial problems called circumpleting a group of target paths. The problem is rather intuitive from its name. Given a group of target paths with the same construction yp, and the sources and the destinations are fixed by the set q1, in addition, the set of non-points of p is q2, and we know that q1 is strongly-destroined with q2. Then, we want to know how many assignments of p can connect all the paths rightly. Of course, the p must extend q2. For such a permutation p, we refer to the set of edges used for completing the paths as a core. As a warm-up, let's see a simple example. In this example, p is a permutation on c5, and q1 contains two pairs, 0,4 and 1,0. The construction yp invokes p two times and maps x to this value. For simplicity, we let q2 be empty set. Thus, the two target paths we want to complete are as follows. And the star1 and star2 are the inner nodes to be assigned. It is easy to find several assignments which can complete the two paths. The first case is to let star1 and star2 be two and six one respectively. Then, we can complete the two paths as follows. And its core contains four apps. The second case is like this. Then, the two paths can also be completed. And its core only contains three apps. The third case is as follows. As a result, its core only contains two apps. From this simple example, we can see that the cardinality of core may be different. In essence, the main idea of our framework is classifying the permutation p according to the cardinality of its corresponding core. To solve such problems, we propose a general counting framework. For the convenience of counting, we actually only consider the cores which are strongly destroyed with q2. It means that we will not use any ad in q2 to connect the targeted paths. From the inequality, we can know that if we can know the number of cores with the specific cardinality m and also know how to calculate the submission, then we can get a lower bound of p. Following the intuition, we propose a general framework. It takes four steps. In step one, we should model the problem. It means that we should determine the set q1, q2, and as a construction file, this task is often trivial. In step two, we need to know how to construct a core with a specific cardinality. More specifically, we complete the targeted paths by assigning some key points and control the cardinality of a core by constructing a specific number of shared edges. In the next step, we should count how many cores can be constructed in step two. During the proof, we choose the proper ROC for each assigning, and the sizes of ROCs determine the number of cores. Roughly, ROC is a set of elements which are suitable for this assigning. At last, we should calculate a submission. During the calculation, we will use an tail inequality as well as a combinatorial inequality. We have said that p2 can be reduced to the type of problems. In more detail, there are three sub-problems that should be solved. More specifically, the first two sub-problems are both two-round cases, where the constructions are 511 and 512 respectively. During our proof, we solve these two problems by the general framework with the techniques adapted from Chen's work. Of course, the extra problems should be handled. The third one is the three-round case, where the construction is 50. This problem is completely new and much more involved than the two-round cases. Fortunately, we can still solve it with the general framework. We should point out that knowing how to solve the sub-problems individually is still far from enough. More specifically, it is a bigger challenge to combine all the results together to get a desired bound. To do that, we should design all the ROCs in different sub-problems integrally, and it is indeed a huge project. There are numerous technical specifics in the formal proof. We refer you to the paper on imprint for more details. Okay, in the last part, we will summarize this work and also give some open problems. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to study the security of cases P in a high level. And we also developed some general techniques to handle the dependence caused by sharing the same permutation. Based on the new techniques, we obtain a tight bound of three cases P in a random permutation model. First of all, based on the findings in this work, we conjecture that ROCs P has the same security level with ROCs. At the end of this talk, we leave some open problems. This work aims to minimize the usage of random permutations. Thus, how to minimize the key space is still open. Secondly, following our methodology, the proof for higher-round cases would be fairly involved. Thus, it is interesting to find a simpler way to analyze the general ROCs P. First of all, we introduce a type of combinatorial problems in this work and such problems seem to be rather general, so we hope to find more applications for them. Okay, this is everything I wanted to say. Thank you very much for your listening.


Hey guys, welcome to my studio today. I'm actually going to be sitting down to paint a little table easel. Sometimes I like to do that, but today it's a little more specifically to be able to watch out my window here. I have this wonderful view just so you know. This is the house that was a temporary home for us after the flooding of our home in 2017. And now the home we're living in is too small for me to have an art studio. So we still have this home available, thank you Jesus, for me to keep this studio in the house. And it's only about five minutes from my other place that I'm living now. But I came to really love my neighbors who are cows. And I have this great view out my window here, and not only do I love looking at them and feeding them, they've become my best friends. But one of them, Oreo, my favorite. She looks like she's about to have a baby any day. So I'm kind of keeping my eye out for her. That's going to be exciting. And if the baby's born, we got like five babies born in the past few weeks, so they're all adorable. But I'll try to share some pictures whenever that wonderful event happens. So anyway, today I'm going to be doing a painting on clouds. I realize I love painting clouds, and I don't think I have another cloud video. I have videos with clouds in them where I've done paintings with some clouds in them. But none specifically talking about painting clouds. So I'm going to give that a shot today and see, you know, hopefully I'm doing some clouds of actually one of the fields that's right out here that I took at sunset. Oh, and also I'm wearing my Monet Cafe apron today. And I often forget to wear it because I'm usually just wearing an old t-shirt or something. But I had a shirt on, I didn't want to mess up, and it's white. So if you want one of these aprons, I'll try to put a link. I do have them available. So they're really nice. They have pockets. They have like three pockets here, and they're nice quality. You can wash them and draw them, and they come out just great. So anyway, enough self-promoting, right? Let's get to it. Now as I was saying, I have lots of paintings with clouds in them. And contrary to what our minds think sometimes, clouds aren't always white. They come in multiple colors, shapes, sizes, and yes, sometimes they can be the white wispy clouds that we often think of.  It was just kind of a cloudy, hazy day. But sometimes I like them to be the star of the show. And that's pretty much the focus of this painting that I'll be doing today. Here are a couple of progress shots, but you're going to see the full video. Clouds have shape like anything else. They behave three-dimensionally like any other object with shadows and values. And pretty much every other artistic principle applies to clouds. So let's get started and learn a little bit more, some tips and techniques for painting clouds. The surface I'm going to be using for this painting is Sennelier, made by Sennelier, a French company. And it's called La Carte Pastel, pastel card. The reason it's called pastel card is it's a little thicker, okay? It's kind of got some nice thickness to it. This is a sanded surface that this particular pad is, what did I say? It was like a 9 by 12 or 9 by something like that. These are all in centimeters. But anyway, it comes in different colors in this particular pad. They do make a larger pad. I have the larger one here, okay? So I've been painting a little bit smaller, usually no bigger than 11 by 14 just here lately. But anyway, I like this paper specifically with the Sennelier pastels. They also make soft pastels. But with really any pastel, this is just a nice really gritty surface. You definitely get good layers. And for me, it creates a really impressionistic feel. I don't know what it is. Maybe I just work differently on it. But I really like the results of this paper. And I thought it would be nice for the clouds. I also particularly like this kind of neutral gray-green, almost like a seafoam green. But I think it's a nice medium value. You know, I've got a lot of light colors. It wouldn't be good to start with a white surface when you're working on with white clouds. So this is going to help me to establish my values better by working on a medium value surface. So let's get started getting this sketched in. So now I've just got a harder new pastel in you pastel. These are great for sketching. Great for getting in darker values. And they're smaller to where you can actually sketch with them, okay? You get kind of an edge to them. So I'm just going to kind of sketch this in. I may lift my board up a little bit. No, I can do it from here. Okay, so just looking at big shapes, all right? A big mass, I also try to kind of measure according to the proportion. I see that this cloud starts in this upper corner. And it goes past the halfway mark down here, okay? So it's going to start here and it's going to go here. And it goes almost to the point of this part is almost to the middle of the iPad. So, you know, if you haven't done a lot of sketching and you want to kind of give yourself a guide, sometimes you can make midway marks, you know, where you don't have to measure them after a while. And then you kind of at least have an idea. Nothing has to be too specific with things like clouds and fields and flowers and stuff like that. As long as you get the general perspective, right? Okay, so I know this cloud is going to come down. And I'm just kind of, sometimes I do masses, sometimes I kind of do sketches. So then I've got this little part of the cloud here. You get the idea. I'm just going to sketch a little bit here. Okay, that's really all you need. You don't need a whole lot. You certainly don't want to get too overly detailed at the beginning stages because all it is is a guide. I just want to know kind of where the clouds are because my other colors and values are going to establish that more. And again, I want to keep that loose energy going. So now I'm going to get actually from my last video where I put together my travel pastel box, a Hyaluron box. If you haven't seen that video, it's a great way to know how to get pastel organization and storage. And I'm going to use that for the first time that I've filled it up and put it in my box. So that should be fun. It's kind of a test to make sure it's a good working travel palette with the correct colors and values for painting, you know, whatever when you're out on the road. Now, here's my pastel selection and I got these all out of the Hyaluron pastel box that I put together. So I'll have to put them all back when I'm done, which is easy now because they're also organized. But I wanted to give you a little bit of rationale for my decisions. The sky, I mean, typically someone might decide to paint this whole sky just a pretty blue like that. But this guy is going to have so much more color. That's what makes a painting an eye grabber where people go, Oh, it's the color. It's the play on color. And that's how it works in nature is there's never one color. Everything is always playing off of each other. So the sky is going to have a lot of blue skies are typically darker at the in the heavens up high. And then they gradually get lighter as they go to the horizon line typically. So this guy has got actually I'm seeing some blue blues mixed with this more of a teal blue up in the upper atmosphere playing around getting to some of the middle values and getting to some of the lighter values. But notice I have a little play on warm and cool blues in here. And I think that's going to add interest and it's also going to add perspective depth to and give a little bit of, you know, definitely perspective and atmosphere to it. Now these are going to be some of my shadowy colors for the clouds. I want to get some neutrals in here too. They're not all going to be bright, bold colors because I want some of these colors to really pop on top of those. So these are my shadowy cloud colors. Now these are going to be my brighter cloud colors for where the sun is shining on them. It's got the reference photo has some nice just beautiful warm almost peachy salmon highlights to it. So I've got a warm yellow here. I have one that's a little bit lighter here. Maybe at least it's a little harder pastel. And then I've got some of these even though they look maybe overly bright right now than what's in the photo. They're going to be my little punch to everything. And they're also going to be toned down a little bit. You put them down and then you put some other pastels on top to kind of tone it down a little and blend it in a little. And this is more of my kind of a medium value peachy color. And I really loved this salmon color. I'm getting all dirty now getting my fingers on them. Now the horizon is I mean the land below the horizon line is very dark. But I still want to keep color to it. I don't want to just paint it, you know, one dark color. I mean you could squint your eyes and say, oh, it's about this value in this color. But that's going to be really boring. You want to mix some colors of the same value together to create that energy vibration and just beauty of color working with each other. I've got a nice dark purple here and a nice dark blue. All of those are going to kind of make my immediate foreground. Also I've got this rich green here. Some of these two are going to make my trees. The trees are going to be the darkest thing. So they're not going to get toned down a lot. But some of the foreground, I'm going to actually lay some greens down over at darker greens. Now I do think I'm going to create, my reference photo seems to be a field and trees.   The trees back here would be smaller. So that's why I'm going to change the trees instead of these dark darks to a little bit of a lighter and cooler. Color temperature makes things recede in the background too. So these are my color choices. I'm going to try real hard not to add anything to this. I think this is more than enough for this painting. I do many paintings, not even using this many. But I think this will keep me from having to get up from my chair. Let's see what we can do with this. Now I'm going to do a voiceover now while I paint and I'm going to see if I can leave that scratchy sound that you can hear when the pastels rub against the Sennelier pastel sanded surface. I happen to just love that part of pastel painting. I think probably if any of you have been painting a little while in pastels you understand. There's something different about it from other mediums. It almost has like an earthy feel, almost like you're sculpting in a way. Maybe it's because you're actually holding the medium in your hand. You don't have a brush or anything in between you and that beautiful color. I don't know. I might be getting a little too crazy here, but I don't know. I just love it. Now I wanted to share here. Notice I put down that darker blue first before I have this one in my hand. It was the cooler blue. Now I'm putting this warmer blue on top of it. You notice how the color just is more energetic now combining those two colors. If you're not familiar with warm versus cool colors, I do have a video on that. I highly recommend getting comfortable to where you just totally understand it. Trust me, I didn't understand it at first. But then somehow after watching someone else's video, it just clicked for me. I was like, oh my goodness, I get it. In my video, I share the color wheel and how warm versus cool color relates to the color wheel. I think that's an excellent way to learn about it. Once you get it, you'll be like, oh, I got it. You don't even have to think about it anymore. But this blue that I'm picking right here, I suddenly realized I had a feeling it was too light. But look, that is way too light. You're going to want your sky to decrease in value or to lighten in value, I should say, from the upper heavens to the horizon line. You don't want any stark gradation there unless you've got a cloud in the way or something else. So I'm trying to make it more subtle. And again, I'm doing a play on the warm versus the cool blues here. And I'm going around the clouds right now just to kind of get the sky in. But later I'm going to talk about some of you may be familiar with the term sky holes that you do in trees. In essence, you make a mass shape of trees and you carve the sky. The sky kind of carves the tree and you make holes behind the tree. Well, you kind of do the same thing with clouds. Instead of drawing the clouds' edges or lines, you create the mass. And later I'll go in with some of the blue sky and make cloud holes, I guess you could say. So you'll notice that at the end. Now I'm purposely looking at the photo to see where do I want the focus of the painting to be. And I know it's obviously going to be that major cloud that's in the right there. And especially the part that has more of the highlights from the sun and that yellowy color. And in that area where I'm painting right now, the sky is lighter. It's like a point of interest right there. So that means even though some of the other values may be about the same in other places in the painting, I may subdue them in color and value a little bit so that my main focus is going to be on that area right there with that cloud and that sky was I was working on there. Alright, so I'll work a little bit here and when I start to get more to the clouds, I'll add some more commentary. Here I wanted to mention where I spoke about earlier on making some depth to these trees. The reference photo, I mean, it's really dark in the foreground and all you see is really a dark line of trees. But I wanted to create some depth and notice that duller, paler blue that I have lighter value. Obviously that I have kind of sneaking behind those trees. It's going to create perspective and a more interesting foreground. Now I'm just really getting my darkest darks down because I'm going to lay it's a pretty dark. It looks actually this was like when the sun was setting. And so it's already starting to get dark. It's that time where the sun really starts to recede quickly. You better get your camera out fast and take a picture. But the foreground was really dark but had some nice warm highlights casting across it because of those clouds above. Often, just like things reflect in water, light from things above reflect on the land. Even clouds, even colors in the clouds can reflect in the land. So I'm kind of getting things down. Also, even that blue right there, I want to, even if you don't see it in your eyes in the photo, you learn these things that if nature behaves that way, you can intensify it a bit to make a more interesting painting and to make it more congruent. Overall, the piece is cohesive and works as a unit rather than colors popping up here and there and not having any color harmony. You know, often having the advantage of watching some of my videos like this, I often, and one day I'm going to learn when to just stop. I wish I had left the foreground more like this instead of focusing more on getting detail into it. So let's take a look here. I want to go ahead and get in some of my lightest values, okay? If I squint my eyes and look at the reference photo. I mean, it is really easy that the lightest light is going to be here. And this is my main star anyway, this cloud. Again, I'm trying to keep a sense of movement. I don't want to get any sharp edges. Clouds don't really have sharp edges. The next in lightness, if I squint my eyes, is there's a little band underneath this cloud where the blue sky comes in here. I need to add more blue in here. There's a little highlight of a white cloud right there, okay? So let me get that blue in there right now. Which one was that blue I used? I think it's a lighter one because it's lower in the horizon. Is that it? That's maybe too light. Yeah, it was darker than that one. Which one was it? Let's see. I might have to combine colors. You know they talk about not being able to blend colors with pastels, but really what you do is you change the color by putting one on top of the other. You know, you can lighten one up or darken one up. So I'm just trying to get a little bit of lightness here. Maybe let's see here. That's a good one because it's still got a little bit of that teal in it that I like. And then I'll lighten it up a little bit with that other one. Let's get a little more teal up in here. I swear I had one that was not quite that light in value. And now I can't find it. Maybe it's under here. Nope. Alright, well that's okay. I'm going to use this one again because I have the darker down. This will kind of lighten that up a little bit. Alright, so that's where I have that blue. And now that white cloud is going to be underneath that. Alright, so I'm putting these shapes in to kind of carve out the cloud so I know where they are. Alright, so let's get that lightest light in. And my lightest light that I have is this beautiful yellowy color. And I'm really thinking it's more in this area of the cloud right here. I've got some shadows in here. It's funny how even those little marks that I made really helped me to kind of guide me and know where things are. Love that. Now down here is not as yellowy in this little area right here. But I'm going to go ahead just because it's light enough. I'm not that worried about the color temperature back here. I might can tone it down if I feel like I need to later. So these are just kind of not very descriptive clouds back here. They're not going to have a lot of detail to them. And I've got to add that darker lavender. And sometimes I think I've mentioned this before. I make like color notes to be able to, even if I don't finish painting something, it's kind of nice just to sort of get something in there. Now I'm looking here, this value of this shadowy cloud over here almost blends right in with the value of the sky here. So it's kind of, you can sort of see a difference, but it's not much. Alright, now these shadowy clouds down here get a little darker in value. See this is, I think it's a little darker. Not much darker, just a hair darker. But I think I need to get something even darker. I'm kind of looking behind these trees. Yeah, I don't want it to blend in too much with these background trees. I think I need darker. Let's see what this does. That's light. Yeah, that's too light of pink. Sometimes you're still just experimenting. Now this is going to be probably too dark, but I'm going to use it and then tone it down with some other colors. And I just kind of play around behind these trees. And there's some nice blues coming back in here too. It's not all this dead color, but this helps me get the value in right now. I'm going to put, wherever I see this value, I'm going to go for it right now because I can kind of colorize it as I work. Getting those values in is key, even if the color is not exact. I'll play around with it. Oh yeah, this is a really nice, great neutral to get some of these middle cloud values in. Even like back in here, I've got to pay attention to this. I like how this cloud has just got a motion to it. Then another one right above the tree line just kind of scoops up here. Then another thing comes in here. This is more going down this. And then that's where that kind of meets in, where that highlight is. Okay, so now I notice again that this is more of a bluey purple color. So let me just try this color. Was this color too close in value to those trees? No, and because I made the trees a little darker, I'm sorry, lighter, I'm going to kind of play around and not make everything the exact same color that I see in the photo. Oops, that's supposed to be light. I'll fix that. You can really get creative with color when you start realizing you just got to get value right, you know? Oh man, I love these colors over in here. I got to add some more blue over in here. That's what I'm seeing right now. I have my iPad in a bad spot. I want to see it better so I set it over here. All right, yeah, see how I'm going to make these blues. That's going to be really pretty. Okay, we got these in here. And now I'm going to come back with, let me see, is this one too light? I need a darker blue. I am going to have to get up and get another color unless this one works. Let me see. Might be it. This might be it. Oh, that's it. So what? Oh, that's just so exciting. I want to see the color working with that. I love it, love it, love it, love it. Oh my gosh, I love this color. All right, so this is just kind of playing around back here behind the trees. Notice I'm just using the side. I'm not using any specific hard marks anywhere. There's a little bit of this blue in there with that mauve color. Not a lot. All right, here we go. Now we've got it coming back here behind this cloud. And I am only painting shapes. Okay, I've forgotten totally that these are even clouds because I'm just trying to get that movement and energy and explore with color. It's kind of what we do. Okay, now this kind of just comes back and up like this. Now I've got to get some of that energy back in here. Okay, so these were these clouds that kind of danced along back through here. And this one has the darker blues in here. Yeah, there we go. Okay, now this is where it got lighter. I put the dark in here or that mauve color. So I've got to lighten that up underneath there. But I'm getting my colors of these clouds back here pretty good.  Now come in and maybe get a little more specific with. Not a lot of this blue above this tree, but a little bit. All right, let me see where else I might have some of this blue. You know, this is a darker area of the sky in here. I painted, there is some teal in it that I see. But it's definitely darker over here and that's going to also help to create the interest over here. And it shape more as I work. And there's a little bit of it peeking through back here, but that's also a little too light. I'll make a little color note and I'll come back and fix that. Okay, so now I'm seeing some of these. It's still the peachy salmon, but it's much darker over here on the tops of some of these clouds. So let me grab some of that color. This is a darker. You see how this was so light? Same color family, darker value. But I don't want it to be over here. This is the part that has the least interest. I don't want it to be so bold. I might even go darker than that. No, that's too bright. That's what I mean. I want it kind of dull. This is more of that dull color here. Yeah, that works better. See how that's dull? But it still has a little bit of that peachy color. Yeah, you wouldn't have thought that to look at that color, but look how it goes on. Color and value are dependent on what's next to it. Yeah, see, these are really, really subdued. That's the word I'm looking for. And I'm just using the side of this and I'm just looking and I'm giving it a shape. And then I'll come back and add the darks and the lights where I think they should be. That should even be darker over here. But I'll put a little bit in for now. Got a little bit of a darker lavender kind of like. Yeah, look at that. That's kind of a peachy lavender in there. I definitely see that in this cloud. You know, one of the great things that you can do is study nature. Start looking at the clouds. And I know all you guys are already doing this. You're looking at the clouds. What do they look like? What are the colors I see? Because they're not just white. Again, everything plays and has harmony against everything else. And this, yeah, this is probably a good color for some of these clouds. See how light this looks on this blue? But how dark it looks on that white? That's just like, you know, you don't know what value this is until you put it next to something, you know? But this is a good color for, there's actually a few little clouds back in here that are kind of reflecting, but it's going to get even darker down in here. But I got some of this down in here I really like. Oh yeah, that's pretty. This is going to gradually work up to a lighter value in here as you get higher in the sky. All right. And let's see, we got some of this over here in the tops of these clouds. All right. I've talked a lot. I think I'm just going to paint, turn on some music. I've said this before. I wish I could play the music for you guys that I listen to. I play a lot of praise and worship music. I like Lindsay Sterling. I play some oldies sometimes, not a lot of those, but you know, it's really, that's part of the joy of painting. It's the process.  It was what I experienced during the process. That was just the best part. So let me do that right now. All right. I stepped away and I'm glad I did because it was pretty easy to determine that this for now is just too light. I'm going to tone this down a little bit and sort of get in this mass so I get a better idea. That's a great opportunity for me to use some of my neutrals here because there's a lot of neutral colors going on in the clouds. And I only want to use the punch, maybe some punchy colors in a few places. All right. So let me tone these clouds down a bit and get some of the lighter values in. This is a pretty nice kind of mauve color and it's even bright next to some of these other colors. So again, it's all dependent on what it's next to. All right. Now I want to get in a little of this. Oh, yeah, I like this here. I got to get in my dark, shadowy colors under the clouds and that's also going to help determine that value. See how that's just a little lighter? Get some of these dark underbelly colors going. It's bright down. I'm speeding this up just a tad and I wanted to do a voiceover to talk just a little bit more about maybe thinking about techniques for painting clouds. I remember... I can't remember exactly how she said it but one of my favorite artists and dear friends now, though we've never met in person, is artist Deborah Secor. She is a member of our group in our Monet Cafe Art Group on Facebook and her expertise as an artist in various mediums is she just has a wealth of information and I really appreciate all the help she gave me when I was first getting started and I think that's a lot of the motivation behind my channel is that I want to help you guys because I had so many artists help me and Deborah was one of them but she mentioned something about painting clouds. I believe she also has a free... she actually has a free book you can get online and I believe there's a section in it on painting clouds but she mentioned about thinking of clouds like a box or a three-dimensional object and that it does behave really just like anything else would. I think we have this mystery in our mind about clouds and their see-through and their transparent and they change shape and form but when we look at clouds they actually do have form and light hits them just like it hits anything else some places it is a little bit more transparent but where the clouds are thicker you do have more light they do have shadows underneath typically because the sunlight is above them so when we can maybe wrap our heads around the fact of just treating a cloud like another three-dimensional object they're going to behave just like trees do on the land is they're going to decrease in value and color intensity decreasing as they go back further into the distance they're...perspectively they're going to behave like anything else where larger to smaller of course so if you can start thinking about clouds similar to how we think about other things that we paint and draw they're really the same they're not as mysterious as people think they do have various colors they're going to play on the colors of the light and the mood of the entire scene just like other things do so I think you've noticed here that I have changed the value quite a bit from that very first too bright of a...too light of a value that I put down it was one of those lighter yellows I'm going to stand out like a sore thumb if I didn't darken those values so that's why it is a good idea to work all over your painting instead of just in one little spot because you can correct things quickly that way so anyway I just wanted to add a little bit more about clouds and try to think of them as having mass and it may help you a little bit in getting things correct as I'm getting close to finishing this up I'm going to show you guys a technique I use sometimes on clouds not always but I never blend with my fingers and not a lot with anything usually sometimes with some pipe foam insulation at the beginning of a painting but I rarely do any blending at the end however this little fist technique I can't remember what artist I saw it from or if I came up with it myself it can kind of soften some of the clouds to kind of make it more cloudish and if I do that I do it sparingly and I also wipe my hand off real good when I do that now this is where I was talking about early on in the video similar to tree holes sky holes behind trees you're kind of carving the tree with the sky negative shapes you can do the same thing with clouds you can go in and kind of make the sky holes for the clouds so I find that technique works again we don't want any harsh edges so you keep a light touch and also I like to point out I know I pointed this out in other videos that try to when you're doing a sky hole whether it's behind a tree or behind a cloud try to use a value that's a tad darker I mean if you're in doubt about whether something's too light it probably is typically behind something the color of the sky is going to be a little darker in value and I'm using a little lighter there because I'm getting down a little closer to where the sky gets lighter but that's usually a good rule of thumb so as I finish this up I wanted to point out I do wish I had left the foreground less detailed I decided just to stop working on it to not overwork it but I did like some of the beginning stages better and I think it would have made the clouds more of the highlight of the painting but I did love doing this painting I do love painting clouds I hope you learned something and feel free always to ask questions in the comment section and join us in our Facebook group Monet Cafe Art Group I mean even if you're just interested in pastel painting or you've never done anything artistic before that's the place to be a question being too basic so anyway please subscribe I just love my art family here and come back soon I hope to have some more videos uploaded real soon thanks guys, happy painting


Jamie, ydych yn siŵn y dio ar 10 o ram a tynt gweithio bod yn gwybod yna. Mae'n cynyddu yn bwynt, mae'n cymae'n mynd erydd mwy oedd iawn. Mae'n ddumiadau, ond y fan wedi bod yn bwynt i gyfnod, yw'r gweithio mwy o'r gweithio, yn cael ei gael o'r lle, dyma'r gwaith i hynny. Mae'n ddisiwng, ond mae'r gweithio yn gyfnod ar y gwaith, dyma'n mynd ymgylchedd ar hynny'n gweithio'r gweithio. Na'r amser, mae'r maes iawn i ddiwethaf i ddiwethaf i'r hyn a seradda i gyfael i ddim yn hynny. Ond am wnaeth gael i'n gweithio qufynol siaradithau, mae'n dweud yn cichol. A'r iawn, rwy'n mynd yn gwneud i'n meddwl. Rwy'n dweud i'n meddwl i ddim yn siaradffaith, yna os rwy'n meddwl i'r bleif. mynd yn ei meddwl cael gwstio'r chansu. I feel we had a great win at the end to win it but just this point for everyone not to get the three points that we probably deserved to have spent so long with Tend Me. After the sending off a lot of teams would have maybe tried to look and tighten things up, make a couple of changes but you know you kept going out of them even the changes the people you were bringing off the bench you were trying to carry on and go win that game. Yeah I think so. I think that comes from the gaffer. The way he wants to play. ond y front foot and create chances and you know, even though we had 10 men, we still tried to do that and you know, just bitterly disappointed to lose the late goal and you know, not got the three points that we deserved. Is that a way you like to play?  So you know, whenever I'm called on from the gaffer, you know, I just want to give my best.  Yeah, you know, my first goal here. I'm in front of the home fans, so you know, I'm delighted to get another goal. Just bitterly disappointed that we couldn't get the three points in the end. Over 17,000 here to see that goal, the role was something special. Yeah, it was amazing. As I said before, the back does from the first minute to the last. As you've seen at the end, I think they appreciated what we put into the game. I know it's been so long since we were paid on my three points and you know, today we could have done that, but you know, that's what happens in football. You know, it kind of knocks you when you're down, so I think they appreciate what we're trying to do and you know, hopefully we can get a few wins here between them in the end of the season. Obviously, it's a very quick turnaround now with the Easter schedule. How are preparations going to be for Colchester? Yeah, I think you know, the boys are maybe a bit tired tonight and tomorrow after playing so long with 10 men, we'll recover and go again and hopefully we can get three points at Colchester.


Today we're opening Mega Pack 01 against M-Cole 40. What's up guys we're back with another epic video. Today we're opening this OCG product Mega Pack 01. Everything I pull will be in the giveaway today.  Let me know who won the battle between me and M-Cole 40. But before we get into the video M-Cole 40 is at 99,000 plus subscribers. He's almost at 100,000 so go check him out. I'm going to pop him up on the screen and put the link in the description so you guys can go give him a subscription if you guys want to get into 100,000. That would be really epic. He also sent me an envelope and I have no idea what is in this thing so we're just gonna open it up. Okay so there's something else in there. It seems like a card or something. All right I'm gonna put this on the screen. This is very long. This seems like something he sends out towards the holiday so we're gonna pull that out there. He sent us something cool I think so let's see what this is. Check that out. M-Cole games. He has himself Santa M-Cole. You love to see that. That's hilarious. All he wants for Christmas is 100,000 subs. I'm not sure if that's true but I figure it's fairly accurate. Okay let's get into the opening guys. This is an OCG product. There are star lights in this product. I'm not sure exactly when this came out. I have very little knowledge of OCG compared to the TCG so it's just gonna be fun to open these up and see what we can pull. All right let's get into it. I'm pretty excited for this. Don't forget you guys can win every single card in this. All you gotta do is enter the giveaway. Like the video, be subscribed and let us know who won the battle. He's gonna be opening one of these as well. This is oh my goodness there's a lot of packs. Okay first of all let's take a minute to admire the awesome pack art and the awesome box art for the set. It's very, very cool. There's like 36 packs maybe I would guess. It's a lot. Maybe it's 24. I don't know. I can't tell. We're just gonna go for it. I'm really terrible at opening OCG which is kind of funny. Usually there's a pull tab. Let's see if I can get this right. Oh there it is. I messed it up. I never get how you're supposed to pull that over the card and not like damage him. I don't get it but let's go to the first one. See if we can figure this out by the end of the video. All right I don't know what these cards are. Okay I don't know any of these. What are these? I don't know them. Oh my goodness this is bad. I don't know any of the cards in here. Hopefully I know some of them. Are these new? Wait are they new or that I just not know? Oh no this is uh I saw this the other day. It's like the witch the wind with the I don't remember what it is exactly. All right I remember that card though. Okay these are okay. Oh side net backdoor. I know that one. Oh a Seamote played this one against me in auction series. It's a mech knight card. I can't remember exactly what it's called. Okay so I've known a couple of cards so these are definitely not new. Let's see. I'll have popped up hopefully when this came out earlier so I just look really dumb. This is called um is this like witch something? I can't remember. I can't remember. All right let's go. We haven't pulled anything yet. No foils. Oh this is the uh the samurai guy. He's called uh he's in dual links. It's like samurai something. I can't remember what his name is but he's pretty good. He just keeps coming back. And don't forget go check out M-Call 40's video. I'm gonna have it linked below and then of course send him a subscription. Let's get him to 100,000 today. That'd be really cool. That's our ultimate goal of this video um because uh I or Starlight would be cool for you guys. So we could pull you guys something good. Let's get him to 100k for his birthday. I mean a birthday for Christmas. What am I talking about? Oh there's a uh proxy dragon. Is that what it's called? And a first superhero. I can't remember exactly who this is. Yeah this feels like it's from like 2018 or something like that. Am I right about that? I don't know. I feel like maybe he said that. I can't remember. But now I'm not really too sure to be honest. Okay we're kind of opening these all right. Okay we've gotten one super so far. So these are not guaranteed foils which is interesting. This is uh a rival rival something. I don't remember. Oh the treasure panda. I know him. Yeah this seems like it's in the area or the area of Code of the Duelist. If you guys remember we've opened a lot of Code of the Duelist of these mystery boxes recently. And I think I pulled the treasure panda out of Code of the Duelist. So maybe it was around that era like a beginning of Lynx maybe. Because we are getting some pretty general like early on Lynx. Okay what is this? Yeah. Oh this is uh is this power of the guardians? And uh that's the Marauding Captain. Whoa look at him. That's hilarious. What card is that? Wow this is this is weird. It's like it's like the first time I've ever opened Yu-Gi-Oh cards because I don't know any of the cards. All right what is this one called? It's like witch bell or something. I don't remember. I can't remember. Uh I need to open more Code of the Duelist apparently. This is definitely like something ferret. I can't remember which one. Yeah okay maybe not open more Code of the Duelist. I don't really don't want to. We've opened so much recently. Oh my goodness. Come on. The struggle is real. Here we go. Next pack. Yeah. Okay. This is weird like having not an automatic foil is weird. I'm not used to it anymore. On these newish packs. Oh there we go. This is a uh oh I just saw it. It was a uh what's that archetype called? World Chalice? Is it World Chalice something? I can't remember. I think it is. I think it is. Uh we've got a rare. Okay just a regular rare. Where are you high rarity? Please bring out the star lights. Come on. Let's see what we can do here. Yeah. Yeah. Don't know. Oh is that an ultra rare? Okay we have an ultra rare. I don't know. I don't know if I've ever seen this card. Man I don't know a lot of these cards. This is an era where I did not open a lot because as you guys know the dead era of Yu-Gi-Oh or if opening Yu-Gi-Oh was in this time the 2016 to 2019 early 2019 I guess was kind of the area and this seems like it was 2017-18. There's the rescue cats. Look look at the rescue cats and then they're with that guy we pulled earlier. They're trying to save another little guy. That's so cute. Okay. What's that? I don't know. Oh Sar Yu-Jo. Okay I know him. Okay this was definitely in that era. It seems like Sar Yu-Jo ultra rare. Very nice. Definitely a really cool looking card. We pulled one of the cover cards. You can see him right there. That's pretty cool. That tongue is a little creepy though. Okay we pulled a couple. We pulled a card I actually know. That's nice. Pretty good one too. I would say. Oh look it's this guy. It's oh it's his name. He's a spirit monster. Yeah I can't remember exactly what his name is. It's like ah he's in dual links. Okay we've got that. Oh a super rare. Cool and then oh this is the guy that uh this is the guy that was in uh Cmo Engages uh thing. I think it's a Goki. They're big uh progression series episode that was really interesting. Okay super rare. All right I've seen some of these. I've seen some of these. I know more of these than I would have thought to be honest. Okay yeah I feel like a noob again. I don't know anything. Let's go. I don't know what this one is either. All right another super rare link. I don't know if I've seen that one. And then that guy another super rare. I hope some of these are like are these some of these worth something. I don't know. I think there's a starlight in here. Didn't it wait. I feel like they might have like guaranteed starlights in the OCG. Is that is that right because if it is that means we can we're gonna get one which would be awesome. Okay we got that. Oh Xcode talker. I know this guy. This was the cover card for Extreme Forest which was a little odd since there was two amazing cards and this was not one of them. Okay Xcode talker that's very cool. Next pack. Next pack guys. Make sure to let us know who won the battle because yeah we need to um that was a ruckus special right to the super rare. Okay because obviously we're gonna win but you know we still wouldn't well I still want you guys to go you know tell everybody that we won. So have we pulled a secret yet? Are there secrets in here? Are they gonna be prismatic secrets? That's pretty nice if they are. Come on. Alright we have that guy. That guy. That girl. Magni blue sky super rare and we've got another link. I can't remember this dude's name but I have definitely seen that card before. Okay next card. Look we may not know the cards but we know how to win a packed battle. Okay maybe we don't. We usually lose but you know sometimes we win. We went kind of cybers beacon I think. I think that was a promo at some point. Oh wait why is this one at the last card and some of them are second to last? It's like the supers are second to last. What is this one again? I can't remember this one's name but uh yeah it seems okay. Yeah remember you guys remember when we did a packed battle we lost every single one for like 12 straight. I remember I remember it was rough. Okay another one of those. Another one of the hot is okay. Oh another link ultra rare. The another one I don't recognize. Okay ultra rare. A lot of ultra rares in here. Where are the you know higher rarity? There's secret rare. We got prismatics anything like that. Hopefully star lights would take that. Okay another one of these people. Another ruxen special new super. We're getting a lot of foils now link spider that's a good card. Seems like that was one of the best link monsters in here. Oh my goodness I can't open these. Let's go like that. Okay there we go. These are a little bit easier than some of the ocg packs I've opened. Let's see about super rare. Very nice we got another super rare. Notice I am not saying any names on most of these because I don't know I have no idea what they are. Let's see what this is. It's always fun to open some of these though because I mean I never would open this otherwise it was his idea to go ocg round. I was like cool wow ruxen special every time. This one's like a oh I know this one. I can't I can't remember. I can't remember the name dang it. I definitely know that one though. Alright see I don't know it but I've seen it before because obviously I don't know it or I would say that. Okay is that an ultra guys card? Is that what it is? Ultra guys something? Alright what's the next one we've got a rare. Oh and there's a prismatic secret rare. Is this topologic? Is this a topologic card? I don't think it's not bomber is it? I don't think so I think it's a different one. I feel like that's a topologic goal whatever their name is. Okay so we've got a prismatic final. Is that our only one? Do we get a starlight in here? I guess we could. I don't know if they're guaranteed. If we get one I'm gonna be freaky out and like not know if like it's really rare or if it's guaranteed. It's so weird so odd to not know if I'm supposed to be excited or not. Oh no ruxen special right to a common. Okay and galaxy serpent I know that one. Why is that in here? Okay I think firewalls a starlight is in here though. I think I remember him saying that. I mean there's firewall right there so that means it's in here but it might not be a starlight. That could be wrong about that. Hopefully I'm right and we get it in in motto or whatever it's called. Yeah and a regular rare. Okay is it in motto? No not in motto that's the tomato. It's something like that though it's very short. Okay okay no no all right more the symphony cards those are weird symphonic all that stuff by the way guys we're almost done we got a few more packs but make sure to check out mcole 40s video they're the rescue cats again very cool. All right all right and we've got another look have I ever seen that card? I don't think so three more packs we got we got to get back to our comfort zone opening this is just confusing. All right take a little break every once in a while but here we go three more packs again we get a starlight. Oh another ultra there's so many foils in this but I think I feel like this was 36 packs we've opened a lot of packs today it feels like a lot of foils though which is really cool only one secret though is that normal that it that seems low okay hot as okay oh yeah this oh yeah what is this guy I used this guy recently he's uh he's something guard security guard now can't be used as link material I think which is weird and the final pack of the opening make sure you guys enter the giveaway you guys can win all of these cards I don't know what they're worth because you know I don't know these cards but they will pop up you guys will see the power of the guardians okay and and an underclocked taker another link card okay that is it if you guys enjoyed the video make sure to subscribe for more epic content go check out m-core forties video give him a subscribe so he will get to 100,000 shout out to tcg trusted cards tomato juice no a j stanley mike nance mimic gecko dual scheme cards and spanking father thank you guys for supporting the channel and I'll see you guys next time peace


Ready to go? Excellent. Good afternoon, everybody. Just before we get started, I was told to remind you, this session is scheduled for 40 minutes. We're going to talk for maybe 25, 30 minutes, and then we'll open up for questions. So if you're interested in asking a question, please try to come to the microphone. There are two microphones over there because this is being recorded. So it's good for people to hear the question before they hear the answer. But anyway, let's get started. So I am Ali Kaffel. I'm from Red Hat. And I'm here with my colleague, DP, from Juniper Networks. I'll just maybe just introduce myself quickly and have DP do the same. So I've been with Red Hat for about a year. And I'm focused in the networking group for Red Hat. I've been in technical marketing and business development. And I work very closely with my colleagues from Juniper. So DP, maybe you can make an introduction. Sure, thanks, Ali. I'm DP Aidevara. I'm a director in Juniper product management, focused on contrail networking and contrail related product portfolio. Excellent. So the agenda today, as you can see, we'll go very quickly through, I suspect, a lot of people here know Red Hat and Juniper. But just in the context of this presentation, we'll just give you a quick overview. Then we're going to talk about the differences between NIV and SDN, at least from our perspective. Then we'll go into some of the challenges in, obviously, I assume, since we're all at the OpenStack Summit, people know OpenStack very well. And Neutron within OpenStack works really well in many networks. But there are some networks where it needs to be augmented. So we'll talk about some of the limitations in standard Neutron, and then how you augment Neutron with an SDN controller, like Juniper contrail, to turn on advanced services. And then we'll go into a use case. We have actually a Tier 1 telco. When we did this presentation, we hadn't gotten the OK to use the name, but this telco is actually orange in France. So we'll talk about some of the lessons we learned. That was a solution we did jointly, Juniper and Red Hat. So that's the agenda. So just very quickly, Red Hat, I think most people here probably know who Red Hat is. What you may not know is that we are very engaged in the telco space and the networking space. We actually have essentially all of the S&P 500 telcos use Red Hat, banks, and so on. And we are, as most people know, we're a software infrastructure company. And we're the leading contributor across all of the key open source community projects, obviously Linux, KVM. But also OpenStack and OPNV. OPNV, as some of you may know, it's sort of the reference architecture for building a telco-grade NFV platform. So that's sort of a quick overview of Red Hat. I'll have my colleague talk about Juniper. So yeah, to give a brief overview of Juniper, how many of you are not familiar with who Juniper is or what Juniper does? OK, that's pretty good. So I can skip through the slide very fast then. So some other key things we want to point out is Juniper is known for its innovation. And one of the key things we did is about four years back, we acquired this company called Contrail. And Contrail is the startup that came into Juniper. And Juniper has held OpenContrail, which is the product from Contrail, flourish and be successful in both telcos, enterprises, and cloud services. And a couple of key things I want to highlight is we are known for our telco presence. But what you may find interesting to see here is we are in the top 10 social media properties, four of the top five largest search engine companies without naming them explicitly. And we are in almost all the financial services, major financial services companies, as well as exchanges. So the gist is basically Juniper has been pretty successful in terms of both telco as a segment, enterprises, SaaS, cloud service providers, as well as financial services. Click the right. All right. So just how many of you here have heard of OpenContrail? OK, that's pretty good. So just to kind of give you a brief overview of what OpenContrail is, right? OpenContrail is an open source based cloud networking initiative, right? And we use Apache V2 license, so that's a standard today. And one of the key highlights of OpenContrail is that it's completely based on, it's a standards-based implementation. So we use BGP, and then we use XMPP. And everything, our entire implementation is standards-based. And what that gives our users or our customers is basically no need for a vendor lock-in, right? I mean, being open source doesn't necessarily mean that you're out of the vendor lock-in mode. But in our case, it's a completely standards-based solution, and leveraging a lot of the protocols that exist today, right? And their extensions. So that kind of gives you the interoperability and multi-vendor kind of scenarios that we can support with OpenContrail. We are not limited to, let's say, virtual machine providing connectivity for VMs, be it OpenStack and Vendor vCenter. We are also extending the same capabilities to the container world. We have Kubernetes-based integration, Mesos, OpenShift, and so on. And we recently, just yesterday, we published a blog on our upcoming release and what capabilities it provides. So I encourage you to go to OpenContrail and to jennipa.net to read the latest on that. One of the key things about OpenContrail is it was developed as a cloud-native networking solution. And what that means is a lot of emphasis on API. Everything needs to be API-driven, and that's kind of the philosophy we have today. And we can easily integrate Northbound with any orchestration system. Like I said, be it OpenStack, be it Kubernetes, be it vCenter, any of them, right? And one of the key advantages we have, something that we developed the product into, something that helped us mature as a product or as a solution through our deployments, is basically we are known for our scalability. We are known for our high performance. And we make your, in the telco environments, we make your network connectivity and networking services carry a grade, right? So those are some of the key highlights of what OpenContrail does. Probably should pick up the speed a little bit. Sure. So I think everybody that knows Red Hat knows that this upstream first from communities to the enterprise is a big philosophy and the mantra of Red Hat. So there are over a million open source projects out there. Red Hat is involved in about 1,500 different projects. And from those projects, these are just some of the projects that we're involved in. From those projects is where we actually create products. So 100% of our products are actually open source based on community project that most of them we're involved with and make a lot of contribution to. And we actually pull different open source project to create products. And the products are what we support. And one of the nice things about Juniper Contrail is that they follow the same philosophy with the OpenContrail concept. And that's one of the things I really like in addition to the different additional unique features that DP mentioned briefly. And he's going to talk more about. So let's get started here. So NFV versus SDN. Before we talk about NFV versus SDN, I just want to put it in the context of this digital economy that we're all talking about, digital transformation. How does NFV and SDN fit into this digital economy? I think we all know today that one of the biggest challenges that the telcos and the enterprises have is this data and digital disruption that's causing hyper growth of traffic. So the telcos, for example, experience in a huge amount of traffic growth, flat revenue, which means that their budget is flat. But in order to really keep up with that growth and revenue, they have to find different ways of really supporting that huge bandwidth. Just to give you some perspective, it's one thing to say there's hyper growth in data traffic. But just to put it in context, one of the telcos that has done a very good job in sharing a lot of information is AT&T. AT&T talks about from 2007 to 2015, they had 150,000% growth in traffic in their network. That's just unbelievable, right? 60% of their traffic is video, right? And when you look at that traffic, they say every day they have 114 petabyte of data traffic that goes through their network. 114 petabyte may not sound like something impressive. But when you think of it in terms of it's 130 million hours of video traffic in one day, that's just unbelievable. And video is 60% of their traffic. And just to give you context, the average video, one minute of video is about four megabyte of traffic. When we talk about virtual reality, you talk in one minute of virtual reality could be over 100 million megabyte of data. So it just shows you the growth of traffic that is going through the network right now and what's coming. So therefore, we need to really build networks differently. The other big challenge is this global competition that's coming from the new players. I have over there the fangs and the bats. How many people have heard those terms? Fangs and bats? Anybody in the room? So fang is really a Wall Street term for Facebook, Amazon, Netflix, and Google. It's a term that really describes these hyper growth companies, like those companies. And then bat is really Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent. So it's the Chinese equivalent of the fangs in the US. And what these companies are doing, as we all know, we all experience them every day, is just the growth that they're going through the network. And what this means is there's a new reality. The new reality is that in order to really address digital transformation, we have to turn to cloud and software define everything. And that's really what we're talking about here. So when we talk about digital transformation, as techies, we tend to talk a lot about technology. Technology is a big part. In this session, we're talking about cloud and NFV. But there's also lots of other technology that's really driving the trends in the industry, as we all know, and many of us talk about this every day. But the other thing that's interesting is really the people and the processes. If you just adopt technology to really embrace digital transformation, and you don't have the processes in place, what we call embrace the open source culture. An open source is more than just about product, even though we tend to talk a lot about product. It's having an organization that thinks the way the open source community thinks and behaves the way the open source community behaves. That's really essential. And then obviously having the leadership that supports that. And if you do all those things right, you really achieve three key drivers. And the most important of all is speed, to innovate faster. And the second one is really efficiency, improved efficiency, which we tend to talk a lot about. Because when you have this big growth in traffic, you want to have a network that can really support that. And then finally, it's about simplicity. If you do those things right, then you have the results. So when you put it in that context of NFV and SDN, and it's the same thing. It's about speed, faster, deploying services faster. And just to give you an example, this is a well-documented case. Amazon is talked about on an average, every 11 seconds. They deploy an average of 10,000 to 30,000 servers at a time. Using CDCI, which people in this room know very well. But if you look at the traditional telco and enterprise, that's six to seven month. That's huge. If you look at operations, Amazon has one person for 15,000 servers. Traditional corporation has less than one person supports less than 100 servers. And then the complexity is another one. Amazon has, sorry, Google has about 10 configs. The typical telco has over 1,000. So it's a lot more complex. So really, it goes back to what I was saying before. It's not just the technology, it's also the processes and the people. So this comes back to, well, how is NFV gonna help us achieve that? So NFV, as many people in this room may know, it's really a concept of virtualizing multi-vendor, purpose-built hardware into software network functions, virtualized network functions on commodity hardware with fast elasticity, scalability, and dynamic resource allocation, which is really cloud computing. It doesn't really talk a whole lot about the bottom layers, which is really the SDN part, although they're very complementary. SDN, on the other hand, as many people know, it is about really separating or centralizing the control on commodity-based hardware and making it easily programmable and automated. So it's layer one, two, three. So SDN helps NFV, but it's not really required, although it does help NFV significantly. So they tend to complement each other. So the use case here, yeah. Okay, so a couple of things, just to lighten up that atmosphere. When Ali mentioned about fangs and bats, how many of you thought of Dracula? No? Okay, see, that's good. So if telcos are facing threat from fangs and bats, we'll help make the telcos the Dracula, anyway, on a more serious note. From a contrail perspective, right? So Ali mentioned about AT&T as well, and contrail is being used in AT&T deployments. One of the key things about contrail is, you're not just limited to, let's say, the data center, but contrail as an SDN solution is applicable in the telcopops as well, and that's where we'll see a lot of NFV use cases coming through, right? Now, the way contrail as an SDN is architected, we tend to be very infrastructure agnostic. What that means is whether you have, like we'll see in today's use case, which is the pointer? That light? To do a light? Yeah. Okay, sorry. So in today's use case, we'll talk about branch offices, right? So whether your compute environment is in branch office, whether it's a data center, telcopop, or be it public cloud, composed of different virtualization technologies or bare metal, et cetera, the objective is to provide connectivity, right? That's not the only objective, right? Contrail as an SDN solution definitely provides connectivity in this diverse environment. We also believe in being able to provide you with a multi-tenanted secure environment, and so security and policy is a very important part of what contrail tries to address. And lastly, with a diverse environment, you can't have like five different panes of glasses to monitor or to manage or to, you know, kind of, did have information out of, one for every type of, you know, your cloud environment. So the idea is to bring this all together as a single manageability platform where you can, you know, monitor, you can look at your analytics and at the same time integrate seamlessly with the orchestration systems, right? When we look at the use cases, I mean, today OpenContrail has deployed a variety of use cases which cover, I know at the keynotes, we've said private clouds are a kind of a taboo word, but you can call it whatever you want, but it's about connectivity in a legacy, VMware interconnect or be it VMs and containers, actually contrail now has the capability of, you know, being able to provide connectivity in nested environments where you're running containerized clusters on top of OpenStack, for example, you can use a single contrail control plane to be able to provide connectivity. If you look at public clouds like SaaS providers like Workday, et cetera, contrail provides a multi-tenanted environment where you can enforce enough security and policy so that your multiple tenants that are using your SaaS services are completely compartmentalized. And in the case of Telco Cloud, we have deployed in almost every tier one Telco, primarily for NFV use cases, leveraging a lot of our rich service chaining capabilities. And we are also addressing IoT and use cases like connected cars and so on. And obviously, today we'll talk a little bit about our SDVAN deployment with Orange. Okay. Okay. So what we've talked about so far is really how NFV and SDN fits in the whole need for additional transformation. Essentially, speed, efficiency, and speed, efficiency, and simplicity. Those are really the key points, the key theme of NFV and SDN. So now let's talk about in OpenStack what Neutron does and how Neutron can be augmented. I think we all know that Neutron is the networking piece of OpenStack and it does a fairly good job for most networks. It has an open V switch in it, has layer two connectivity, the whole IP address management. It has routing functions through the service plugin concept of layer three routing, load balancing VPN and firewall. And it does a fairly good job, but when you put it in a very large Telco network, there are some limitations that need to be augmented. For example, it may force most Telcos that need service chaining the ability to interconnect different services together. That's lacking. Dynamic routing is lacking. The chaining physical and virtual network functions, distributed source network address translation. It does support source network address translation, but it's not distributed. It does it in a centralized manner, which really creates some of the additional noise which adds into performance challenges. It doesn't have real time and historic analytics. And when you look at most networks, the skillability performance and availability requirements, Neutron needs to be augmented. And for many networks, it's good enough. It does a great job, but for certain networks, very large Telco networks, it needs help. And that's really where SDN comes in. With that, I'm going to have DP talk about how Neutron is augmented with SDN. Sure. Thanks, Ali. So this is a typical Etsy manual architecture if you're familiar with the framework. The place where Jennifer Contrail is working closely with Red Hat is basically providing the SDN element which spans across basically the VIM or the virtual network component in this NFV stack solution. So that's basically one of our main focus. And in the containers then when we are integrated with OpenShift as well, where didn't we bring in a lot of the scalability, high availability and performance aspects into a containerized environment? I mean, if you look at Kubernetes and Kubernetes is still evolving, it's not mature enough, but using Contrail in a Kubernetes environment, you can still leverage all the mature capabilities that are expected out of any well-deployed networking solution. So how do we augment Neutron, right? The first thing is about scale. So like Ali was mentioning AT&T, AT&T status takes about, you know, I think 140 petabytes and so on. And we have proven that we can actually be deployed in a scaled environment. So be it your SaaS cloud, be it telcos, whatever be the use case, scalability is something that's a bread and butter to Contrail. How do we do that? We use protocols like BGP which is actually running the internet, right? So we use all the right standards and we have architected it in a very, in a way that, you know, we are easily scalable. Secondly, performance. In comparison to OBS, I mean, definitely Weed Outer, which is the forwarding element of the Contrail solution is a high-performance solution and we can run Weed Outer in DPDK mode or you can actually run Weed Outer on a NIC and that's called a SmartNIC or SmartIO kind of solution. There was a press release around it in Mobile World Congress as well. So when it comes to performance, that's definitely significantly better than OBS. At the same time, there are a lot of different performance characteristics based on your requirements. You can either go with Weed Outer DPDK or you can go with SmartNIC based deployments as well. But Weed Outer by default runs in Kernel mode. So, you know, it leverages the fact that it's part of the Kernel to reduce any inefficiencies. When it comes to high availability, Contrail as a solution is designed for high availability. Control plane, we have three controllers in a cluster, a highly available cluster. And we also do in terms of, when it comes to life cycle management of Contrail, you know, we can do in-service upgrades, we can do a lot of different ways of upgrading without any disruption to your service, depending on, you know, what you're comfortable with. Lastly, this is something that's very unique or this is where a lot of, this is one of the key reasons why we have found success across the board is our networking features, right? I mean, at a high level, our objective is to provide secure multi-tenancy, right? But when it comes to feature set, it goes beyond that. Like service chaining, it's not just basic service insertion and service chaining. It's about doing end-to-end health monitoring of your service chains, being able to provide load balancing across service chains and so on. We support all services like LBAS and firewall as a service and so on. And when it comes to an overlay-based SDN solution, what customers typically look for is, okay, how do I relate what is happening in the overlay with my underlay fabric? So Contra comes with an analytics solution where we provide you this whole visible, in a visual way, an ability to relate what's how a particular flow is traversing in your underlay, though our SDN is an overlay-based solution. So pretty good underlay visibility and so on. And by partnering with, I mean, we acquired App FormX into Gennipur and a whole correlation of underlay overlay, visibility monitoring is only getting more and more feature-rich. Okay, so from a Contra perspective, we tend to talk about the capabilities in these 10 buckets. In the interest of time, I'm not going to go into each of these buckets, but you can definitely go to opencontra.org and take a look at the capabilities in each of these kind of feature areas, right? A couple of key things I would like to point out is I'm going to start backwards. When it comes to API services, like I said, we have a REST-based API in Northbound. We also have plug-in-based integration with OpenStack, CNI-based integration, Kubernetes environments, and so on. In all the leverages, the API services we provide. High availability upgrades I've already talked about, how we support high availability and kind of upgrades through ISSU. Service chaining is one of the key things that telcos look for. And as you can see, we can support physical network functions, virtual network functions, do health check and be able to do service chaining based on policies, okay? We should pick up this piece. Yeah. So Juniper and Red Hat have jointly deployed in a lot of different environments. One of the key reasons being Red Hat is the leader for open source and has been one of the top contributors to OpenStack as well. And from an SDN perspective, Juniper's OpenContrail has been rated as the number one commercially deployed SDN solution in OpenStack environments. And this is the latest survey for this particular OpenStack Summit, for the OpenStack Summit Boston, but this is not the first time we have been doing this over four years now. So it's not to brag about it, but to talk about how users also rate as well and how we are learning a lot from our users' scenarios and incorporating or how their requirements are driving our roadmap. Okay, so we called it TO and Telco case study because we wanted to check with Orange if we can use their name, but it's a public information. You can look up Orange and Red Hat and Contrail and you'll find enough information on this. One of the key things we did in this Telco case study is basically Orange wanted to, Ali mentioned about flat revenues for Telcos and while the traffic growth is exponential, one of the key things we want to enable as their partners is to help them find new revenue streams so that their revenue doesn't stay flat. So one of the key things Orange wanted to do was be able to provide connectivity to enterprises as a network, as a service at a much lower cost, but more importantly be able to enable features and so on in a very agile manner. So the idea was to reduce time to add new services by moving to virtualized infrastructure on top of their existing networks and to give enterprise customers the speed, simplicity, and agility that they look for. Yeah, so this network as a service solution is primarily about reducing truck rolls, delivering it quickly, getting rid of static provisioning and hardware being able to orchestrate these services, going from a complex kind of infrastructure to very simple and easy to manage infrastructure. These were kind of the asks that they had and they were looking for a solution that would get them there. So the solution that we ultimately came up with is basically this where there's a customer portal where if I am, let's say, an enterprise and I want to start getting, let's say, some kind of a VPN service, I get on this customer portal, I define what exactly I want, what kind of services I want, I want firewall, et cetera, other capabilities and using an orchestrator, we are able, so first step is where Orange will ship box to the enterprise branch, but then you plug it in and it'll come up automatically. It'll be provisioned with the orchestrator, provision the branch device for services, et cetera, based on what you have ordered and at the same time, to deliver on those services, they use the SDN controller, which is OpenContrail to be able to service chain. Now, OpenStack, Red Hat's OpenStack and Juniper Contrail is deployed in the Telco Pop environment where the service chaining is being done and the VNFs that are being deployed by Orange are basically, there's a VNF manager to be able to do life cycle management of the VNFs and so on, but at the end of the day, when you look at this whole picture, what we need to remember is, the service that we are enabling is, from a branch device, be able to service chain through these virtual network functions which exist in the Telco world, Telco Cloud, and send it out on the internet, so this is like the basic representation of the use case that they were driving it. TP, I wonder if we should go to Lessons Learn because we're running out of time and then we can... Okay, we can skip the timeline and just go to... Whoops, yeah, Lessons Learn. So, one of the key things, there are multiple components in an NFE architecture and when you want to deploy a service like VCPE or SDVAN, there are a lot of different components and it's more about an ecosystem-based solution. So what is important is, having open source, right? Automatically drives standards-based implementations and interworking across multiple vendors. Standard Neutron OBS is very functional but in Telco environments, to be able to support a lot more branch end points and so on, a lot more enterprise customers, you need something that can scale well and there you need some kind of augmentation using commercial SDN solutions like Contrail. And like Ali mentioned earlier, when it comes to... It's not all about the technology and the components, it's about the people and the organization and the process that's also critical. And lastly, when it comes to Telcos, typically I think the planning to deployment cycle is a little long and complex but with virtualized environment and a fully virtualized solution, you can actually reduce this time to from planning to deployment pretty significantly. Ali, you want to add anything? Yeah, no, I was gonna say and really, this goes back to what I said in the beginning. It's not, technology is critical, very important but the processes and the people in place are really critical and this is really talking about the processes. So I think with that, we're done, we'll open up for questions. I think we have about seven minutes or so for questions. Again, as a reminder, if anybody has any question, please come to the mic and ask your question and we'll try to answer your question. Any questions? First of all, thank you for the talk. Scalability is certainly a good thing but could you share us some numbers please? Can I stretch open control across a thousand of hypervisors or tens of thousands? How many virtual machines can I add that? Sure, so I can't talk specifics of this particular use case but from open control capability. We at Juniper, we have actually qualified more than let's say 2,000 compute environment. So I'm talking about the compute nodes, not the VMs, so you can have multiple VMs on each compute node. So pre-scalable, we have done more than, I can share probably some of the scalability numbers in person as well but we're talking about thousands of nodes when it comes to control scalability. The other thing to remember is you can have multiple clusters and through control you'll be able to federate across the clusters as well and BGP gives you that capability, yeah? Okay, thank you. Any other question?  If you have any question, please go to the mic and ask or you can just call it out and I'll repeat it. So for any specifics or any more in-depth information you would want, you can come to either Red Hat Booth or Juniper Booth, we are in the marketplace and we have a lot more teammates out there who can actually dwell deeper into how exactly did we do end-to-end monitoring for service chaining or the nature of our integration with Red Hat OpenStack and joined deployment using OSP director and so on. Yeah, and I was gonna say really the relationship between Red Hat and Juniper is being very positive. I think that's one of the key ingredients in any relationship and obviously with the customer as well. You know, we try to define a lot of processes without being too overly process heavy so that all these projects are managed properly and that's very critical and we talked about the cross-training in the last slide and the project management, those are also critical points. So, and we'll be here for a few more minutes if people don't want to ask questions publicly and have any questions, either come talk to us or come to our booths as DP said. Thank you. Thank you.


Hello and welcome to a little garden on the prairies. So today's video we're going to talk about storing lettuce. So here in my garden on the Saskatchewan Prairie Zone 3, the lettuce, the kale, the spinach is all out in full force and I am picking lettuces every day. We're eating tons of salads, we're using it in our sandwiches but for the most part it's pretty hard to keep up with all the lettuce that you have to pick every day. So it's always great if you can store it and make it last as long as possible so that you can enjoy it. So in this video I'm going to show you how I use reusable cotton to store my lettuce and help keep it fresh for several days. Another way to expand and lengthen your lettuce season in the garden is to do succession planting. So here in my containers I only planted up half with seeds at the beginning of the season and then about three weeks later planted up some more on the other half of the containers and these should be coming along shortly. So this is just an easy way to extend your season for your lettuces and your leafy greens to last a little bit longer throughout the summer before it gets too hot. With my greens I always use the cut and come again method where I just take the outer leaves from each plant and leave the whole plant intact so that it can keep shooting out new leaves throughout the season. So now that I've got another good harvesting of lettuces I'm going to take you inside and show you how I wash up and store my lettuces using reusable cotton towel. So with your garden lettuce you want to make sure you wash and dry it as soon as possible after you pick it. This stuff is very delicate and will wilt very fast after picking. If you can't get to it right away then you're best to just put it unwashed into the fridge to keep it from wilting. So I'm just using cool water here to give this garden lettuce a wash. If you were to be doing this with lettuce that you purchased in a store I would you know put a little bit of vinegar in here just to make sure you are dealing with any pesticides or unknowns that might be on your lettuces. So I really love this big salad spinner that I purchased. It's great for when you're trying to wash and store a whole bunch of lettuces. Even if you're bringing home a bunch from the store and you want to get it all washed up at one time this size is great. It's not great for storing in the fridge because it's pretty big but I do have smaller ones that I transfer to. Once I'm done cleaning and spinning you don't have to take the lid off. You can just pour the water out. I like to give these two or three spins just to make sure you get as much water as you can off them. It's good to open it up giving it a little fluff here. You can still see there's a bit of moisture quite a bit of moisture on these leaves so I'm going to just fluff and do another spin. You can see still more water coming off of it. Once you think you got all the water out of it like I said give it a good shake and spin it one more time. You'll see you'll even get a little more water out of it. Okay so once you've got it spun out three or four times and you feel it is as about as dry as you can get it. It's time to wrap it up into these cotton towels. So I usually lay out two or three of them depending on how much I'm wrapping up and if I want to separate my lettuces from my spinach or arugula sometimes I store the spinach separately so I can use it in some cooking recipes. So there's a couple ways you can do this. You can just simply spread a light layer on one of the cloths and then I just take it and roll it up and all that extra moisture these cotton towels will soak them up really good.  So I like to use this Tupperware container. I think this is actually for celery storage. This makes a great storage for these. You can get three or four of these jammed in here pretty good once your lettuce is all wrapped up. So these cotton reusable towels that I'm using are just wonderful because you know you can obviously reuse them and you're not using paper towel or something that's ending going to end up in the garbage. You can use these over and over. I don't even wash them after each use. I can reuse these three or four times and then just throw them into a cold water wash and hang to dry. So these I picked up locally at a handmade store. So there was a vendor there that actually made these other pieces of cotton and then just stitch them herself. I did find a link on the Amazon website that I will leave in the description below to a whole variety of different reusable cotton towels that you can order online as well. So I just want to show you some that I have stored about three or four days ago just to show you how they are looking after being sitting in the fridge. As you can see they're still nice greens. They aren't wilting. They aren't feeling slimy or limp. So these are the ones I'll be eating up today in our salad and sandwiches and then the stuff we wrap up today will be good in the fridge for three or four days. So whether you're just going to be storing this in the fridge or if you're doing kale and you want to freeze it, this is still a good method to really get the moisture out of it. Wrap it up in these cotton reusable towels and then remove them, bag it and freeze it so that you have it for cooking or for your smoothies. So today I'm going to join a fresh salad made with my greens which consists of leafy lettuce, kale, spinach and a little bit of romaine. I was also trimming down some of the stalks on my spring onions and that makes a nice addition to a salad. I just chop them up with my herb scissors into the salad and from there you can really spruce up your salad and add a protein to it such as chicken or some tuna salad. Today I'm adding some egg salad that we made. I also found some few radishes in my garden today that were ready so I'm topping up this salad with some pepper, chunks of cheese and some freshly picked radishes. So if you enjoyed watching this video on how to store your garden fresh lettuce, please hit that like button, leave me a comment and don't forget to subscribe so that you don't miss out on future videos coming to the channel. Thanks for watching.


Hello everyone. Bonjour à tous. I am delighted to join Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean and Japanese communities to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. Tonight, friends and families will gather to give thanks for the harvest and the year's successes. A full moon will shine over the festivities, symbolizing unity and prosperity. As we light lanterns and eat mooncakes, we are reminded of Canada's rich diversity. Our country is prosperous and strong because we celebrate and find unity in our differences. Tonight is the time to give thanks to the numerous communities who celebrate this occasion and who make Canada a place where it makes so many people live. On behalf of our family, Sophie and I wish everyone celebrating a happy Mid-Autumn Festival.