And tonight, our sermon title, the Lord's Supper, we're considering the subject of the Lord's Supper in our series on the essentials. And in particular, looking at various texts, our springboard texts this evening, if you will, 1 Corinthians chapter 11, verses 23 through 32. As we consider the Lord's Supper tonight, wanna give you just basically an overview. And that's about all that we have opportunity to do in one sermon like this is just to give you an overview. And so we'll talk tonight about the biblical basis for the Lord's Supper. And that's about as far as we'll get. And we often, when we think about the Lord's Supper, we have many questions when it comes to this particular ordinance in the church. Last week, we were able to discuss baptism as one of those tonight, the Lord's Supper. And many ask the significance of the Lord's Supper to the Christian life, the significance of the Lord's Supper to our practice together in the church. What does the Lord intend to communicate or convey through the Supper? What am I to personally derive from a faithful observance of the Lord's Supper? For many Christians, coming to the Lord's table is a bit of a mystery. What is the biblical basis for this biblical ordinance? Let's begin building that biblical basis from Genesis chapter two. Turn to Genesis chapter two with me. We're gonna look at several texts tonight. And I think will help us to form a biblical basis for the Supper and inform our understanding of the Supper in our context. We begin that process with Genesis chapter two and looking at verse seven together. Genesis chapter two, verse seven. Again, in Genesis chapter two, we see here the creation of man and Lord God in verse seven, foreign man of the dust of the ground breathed into his nostrils the breath of life and man became a living nefesh, a living being. Far from being the accidental evolutionary process of millions of years of chance, so to speak. Genesis chapter two, God has seen as forming man from the dust of the earth, like the potter with his clay, forming and fashioning his masterpiece. God creates man in his own image. The Matthew Henry stated that he was not made of gold dust. Man was not made of powder of pearl or diamond dust, but from common dust, dust of the ground. God made the world out of nothing and he made man his masterpiece out of next to nothing. We are given here an earthly body made of the dust of the ground. What's even more extraordinary then in this creation account is what comes next. In contrast with the animals who are also given a nefesh or the breath of life, God himself breathes into man's nostrils his own communication of life and man becomes a living soul made in the image of God. The spiritual nature of man here created by God and described by the act of God himself breathing. And as we consider this together, we have to remember we are fearfully and wonderfully made by God. We are made here, Genesis chapter two, body and soul. And namely for our interest in considering the significance of the Lord's Supper, we're made a body with living senses, right? Senses by which we enjoy and experience the blessings of God in creation and enjoy the blessings of our communion with God. Sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell. You think about it, we're created to glorify God. We were given a body given senses through which we may experience our communion, our fellowship, our enjoyment of him and through which we may then turn and glorify him for who he is and what he's done. These senses are very important. So then in chapter two, verse nine, look there with me. God planted a garden eastward in Eden and he places man then in the garden. Now God places Adam in the garden to tend it, to keep it. He establishes a covenant with Adam wherein Adam is to obey God with respect to the fruit of a specific tree in the garden, the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. And from the Genesis account, we also know that there was another tree, another covenant tree in the garden. And that covenant tree is the tree of life. Adam and Eve were given the blessing of communion with God in the garden paradise of God. And they're given communion whereby they can enjoy him forever in the garden paradise of his creation, even while they experienced the fruit, as it were, of his goodness to them through their physical created senses. They experienced communion with God and his goodness to them through their senses. Now had Adam obeyed God in the garden, it may be surmised that Adam would have been given reward to take from the tree of life and live forever. We know, however, that is certainly not what happened. Look at Genesis chapter three in beginning in verse one. Of a serpent is more cunning than any of the beasts of the field, which the Lord God had made. And he said to the woman, has God indeed said, you shall not eat of every tree of the garden? And the woman said to the serpent, we may eat of the fruit of the trees of the garden, but of the fruit of the tree, which is in the midst of the garden, God has said, you shall not eat it, nor shall you touch it lest you die. Now, so Eve then adds, doesn't she, to the word of God, do you notice that? She's not to eat of the fruit. And then she adds to God's command by saying that she's not even to touch the fruit. And notice already, implication of the use of Eve's senses, even in the fall here of man.  Eve is then deceived, isn't she, by what she hears? She listens to the voice of the serpent rather than heeding the word of God. And in verse six, so when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, that it was pleasant to the eyes, notice her sense of sight, and a tree desirable to make one wise, she took of its fruit and she ate. She also gave to her husband with her and he ate. Sight, hearing, taste, touch, certainly smell. Our first parents followed us in through their senses as well. And that communion, that communion that we were intended to experience with God even through our senses, through which we would glorify our creator is now cut off by sin and death. That's no mere coincidence then that at the consummation of all of redemptive history, we see that reward, tree of life, once more available to the people of God. In Revelation chapter 21, John has given vision of the new Jerusalem descending out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And in verse three in Revelation 21 there, John says, listen, I heard a loud voice from heaven saying, behold, the tabernacle of God is with men and he will dwell with them and they shall be his people.  There shall be no more death nor sorrow nor crying. There shall be no more pain for the former things have passed away. In chapter 22 verse one, John is shown a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding from the throne of God and of the lamb in the middle of its street. And on either side of the river was the tree of life which bore 12 fruits, each tree yielding its fruit every month. Verse 12, behold, I am coming quickly. My reward is with me to give to everyone according to his work. I am the alpha and the omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. Blessed are those who do his commandments that they may have right to the tree of life and they enter through the gates into the city. That's no mystery at all through the biblical record that God intends for his covenant people to enjoy the riches of his goodness to us through our senses. And it's often this sensory experience, often the sensory experience comes in the form of a meal. That part of that is the sight, the taste, the touch involved in a sensory meal through which this fellowship, this communion with God is conveyed. So in that sense then, history begins and redemptive history is consummated with this very sensory experience. It's not just any meal, it's a covenant meal. We're in covenant communion with God. This is a meal that signifies a covenant relationship. It's no mystery that between these two trees then, between these two experiences of the enjoyment of this communion with God and this fruit that is given through our communion with God, that the covenants of our covenant keeping God are marked by this same sensory experience. Covenant signs or covenant meals intended by God to remind us of his covenant keeping purposes and covenant plans for those whom he has determined to set his love upon. And it's through this sensory experience, it's through this covenant meal that we enjoy communion with him. The Bible is rightly referred to as a covenantal book. God's people rightly referred to as a covenant people and Bible's theology rightly referred to as covenantal theology. And that covenantal history begins with Adam in the garden and upon Adam's fallen to sin, that covenantal history then continues through a series of covenants established by God, aimed at the redemption of those chosen beforehand by God to be saved or to be redeemed to himself. And through each of those covenants, God gives covenant signs intended by God to point his people to the covenant promises that God has made and their future in communion or in fellowship with him. In fact, looking at the New Testament, Paul in Ephesians 2 verse 12 refers to all those covenants that succession of covenants from the promise given in the garden, Genesis 3 to the new covenant, Paul in Ephesians 2 verse 12 refers to those covenants as the covenants of the promise, articular the promise that promise originating in Genesis chapter 3 in the midst of God's curse upon the serpent where in verse 14, the Lord God said to the serpent, because you have done this, you are cursed more than all cattle and more than every beast of the field on your belly you shall go, you shall eat dust all the days of your life. And I will put enmity between you and the woman and between your seed and her seed.  Now that communion with God lost through man's sin at the fall would be restored and restored in keeping with this promise of God. The seed of the woman would deal a death blow to the head of the serpent. And in each successive covenant then the Lord would remind, instruct, build up and encourage the faith of his people through the sensory experience of covenant signs. Now of particular interest to the significance of the Lord's supper in our covenant, particular interests are the feasts associated with the mosaic covenant. For look at those, turn with me to Leviticus chapter 23. Leviticus chapter 23, let's take a look at those particular feasts, those particular covenant signs. Leviticus chapter 23, describing the feasts of the Lord. These covenant signs given to the covenant people of God. Look at Leviticus chapter 23, beginning in verse four. And these are the feasts of the Lord. These are covenant meals, covenant signs, intended with a covenant purpose, okay? These are the feasts of the Lord, holy convocations which you shall proclaim at their appointed times. On the 14th day of the first month that twilight is the Lord's Passover. And on the 15th day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread to the Lord. Seven days you must eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall have a holy convocation, you shall do no customary work on it, but you shall offer an offering made by fire to the Lord seven days. The seventh day shall be a holy convocation, you shall do no customary work on it. So think with me now, the first of these covenant meals instituted by God was the Passover. And we understand what the Passover was meant to celebrate or to remember, right? Immediately after the Passover, the very next day, we also see the feast of unleavened bread. But everything to do with the Passover meal was intended by God to remind the Israelites of his deliverance, his salvation, how he delivered them from bondage in Egypt. That twilight on the eve of Passover, Israel was to sacrifice a lamb and Israel was to do two things. First, they were to spread the blood of that lamb over the doorposts and the lintel of their houses. And secondly, they were to eat the lamb inside the house. A great judgment was coming in which the angel of God's judgment would strike the firstborn in Egypt. And in seeing the sign of the blood, God said that he would pass over Israel sparing their firstborn. And through the blood of the sacrificial lamb, God had redeemed them for himself. Now all of this, the feast, in particular the feast of Passover was an exceedingly important lesson. And it was through these covenant signs, particularly the covenant meal of Passover that God taught and reminded the Israelites of these lessons. The children of Israel deserved to die for their sin as well. But God showed mercy to his people. And in showing mercy, however, God would uphold his righteous justice and mercy could only come through the shed blood and through the death of a substitute. And God chose to remind the people of these lessons through a covenant meal where they would kill the sacrificial animal, shed its blood, spread the blood on the doorposts and the lintel of the house and eat the meal inside the house as the angel of death, the angel of God's judgment passed over. Now this we know wasn't only or merely to remind the Israelites of God's deliverance out of their bondage in Egypt, but also was intended by God through the sacrifice of an animal, through the sacrifice of this Passover lamb, also designed by God to point Israel forward to the future provision of that promised seed, that promised seed that we saw in Genesis chapter three, who would be the once for all sacrificial Passover lamb for God's people, who through his own substitutionary death would redeem God's people once and for all. It's interesting to think of the Passover in that way. In one sense, the Passover a look back at what God had done in delivering them out of Egypt and at the Passover a look forward at the promised Messiah who would come delivering his people fully and finally from their sin. In 1 Corinthians chapter five verse seven, Paul would say indeed Christ our Passover was sacrificed for us. And Jesus Christ is the sacrificial Passover lamb. And listen to the instructions then given by God in reference to the Passover meal, listen to the instructions given by God in Exodus chapter 12 verse eight. Listen to this text. Then they shall eat the flesh on that night. Now again, this is a covenant sign, covenant meal intended to teach covenant lessons. They shall eat the flesh on that night roasted with fire with unleavened bread and with bitter herbs. They shall eat it. Years ago, someone we had, we're having a fellowship at someone's house and they had sort of presented these elements of a Passover Seder. It's interesting how these elements of the meal are to communicate facts about the Passover. Very interesting how the Jews would have understood the different elements or the different lessons taught in this meal. They shall eat the flesh on that night roasted in fire with unleavened bread and with bitter herbs. They shall eat it. Do not eat it raw nor boiled at all with water but roasted in fire. It's head with its legs and its entrails. You shall let none of it remain until morning. And what remains of it until morning you shall burn with fire. That sacrifices to be entirely consumed.  So you shall eat it in haste. It is the Lord's Passover. This meal memorialized for Israel God's deliverance of the people from their bondage. And we don't have time, won't take time tonight to get into the details of that meal. But these lessons were taught by the meal itself. The Feast of Passover was to be followed immediately by the Feast of Unleavened Bread. That Feast of Unleavened Bread lasted seven days. They were to put leaven out of their houses to eat unleavened bread all week. This unleavened bread, a reminder of the wilderness and God's provision of bread for them out of heaven. Leaven is a New Testament metaphor for sin or for error. Eating unleavened bread would remind them of the necessity to be a holy people. Following the Feast of Unleavened Bread we see the Feast of First Fruits in Leviticus chapter 23 and the Feast of Weeks would follow that. These Feasts celebrating and remembering the Lord's gracious provision of a harvest including a command to leave the corners of their field unreap for the poor and the stranger among them. These Feasts followed by the Feast of Trumpets including a memorial involving the blowing of trumpets and a holy convocation. That followed by the Day of Atonement on which Israel was to afflict their souls and offer sacrifices for sin. And then the Eight Day Feast of Tabernacles, remembering God's provision for Israel and the wilderness and the fall harvest. Seven covenant meals year by year, all designed by God to remind, instruct, encourage and build up the faith of the people of God. God used these meals as covenant lessons. And the notice, these were Feasts instituted in covenant with God. These weren't Feasts that were instituted among the pagans. These were meals designated as communion meals, if you will, fellowship meals between God's covenant people and God himself. He was their God and they were his people. He reminded them through the meals through the signs of his faithfulness. He reminded them of his gracious provision for them. He was the one who provided for them. He was the one who cared for them, delivered them, protected them, provided for them. He was the one who had drawn them near to himself when they were undeserving. Sometimes through sorrow and affliction over sin. At other times, God would draw them near to himself in joy and rejoicing in what God had done. Always God drawing them near to himself for the purpose of worship. Always drawing them near to himself as a corporate body and always, always in the context of his covenant with them. This is a corporate covenant remembrance, a corporate covenant meal, a corporate covenant sign. It always involving these memorial meals eaten in the presence of God, eaten as it were in fellowship or in communion with God himself. What were these meals ultimately designed to teach the covenant people of God? I think David conveys that lesson really well in Psalm 23. Listen to Psalm 23. The Lord is my shepherd. I shall not want. He makes me to lie down in green pastures. He leads me beside the still waters. He restores my soul. He leads me in the paths of righteousness for his namesake. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil for you are with me. Your rod and your staff, they comfort me. You prepare a table before me even in the presence of my enemies, David says.  My cup runs over. Even in the very presence of his enemies which surround him, God prepares a table of provision wherein David is assured of God's protection and God's goodness to him. And he says, verse six, David surmises, surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life and I will dwell in the house of the Lord forever. Well, we know, I'm reading our old testaments, we know the history of Israel. Despite these memorial feasts of remembrance, despite all the lessons that God had intended to teach his covenant people through these covenant meals, Israel forgot the Lord their God. Israel continuously ensnared by the idols of this world, continuously ensnared by the false pagan religion of those countries around them, amongst them, Israel would repeatedly sin against God, would repeatedly violate the terms of a covenant and they would presume then to honor God on occasion with their lips, but their hearts grew far from him. Israel, having broken the covenant, having departed the living God, how does God then respond? What does God say about these covenant reminders? Listen to Amos chapter five in verse 21. Listen, God says, I hate. I despise your feast days. I do not savor your sacred assemblies.  Did you offer me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness 40 years, O house of Israel? You also carried sycath, your king and chun, your idols, the star of your gods, which you made for yourselves. Therefore I will send you into captivity beyond Damascus says the Lord, whose name is the God of hosts. It's from this place of judgment that God rebukes the nation through his prosecuting attorneys, the prophets. But it's also from this place of judgment that God begins then to speak through his prophets of restoration and where that old covenant would be going away, having been broken, even though he was a husband to them, God would make a new covenant with the house of Judah. Then listen to how God begins to speak of that restoration under a new covenant from Isaiah chapter 25 verse six, listen. And in this mountain, the Lord of hosts will make for all people, notice all people in that interesting, right?  In other words, as God begins to communicate now the restoration of God's people and a restoration of covenant communion fellowship with God, he begins to communicate the significance of that restoration in terms of a feast, in terms of a covenant meal. He says in verse seven, he will destroy on this mountain the surface of the covering cast over all people and the veil that is spread over all nations. He will swallow up death forever. The Lord God will wipe away tears from all faces. The rebuke of his people he will take away from all the earth for the Lord has spoken and it will be said in that day, behold, this is our God. We have waited for him and he will save us. This is the Lord we have waited for him. We will be glad and rejoice in his salvation. And God will once again draw near to his covenant people and one of them, the means through which God communicates that restoration is a feast, is a covenant meal, if you will. It's fellowship with God at his table. Listen to Joel chapter two, beginning in verse 18. Then the Lord will be zealous for his land and will pity his people. The Lord will answer and say to his people, behold, I will send you grain and new wine and oil and you will be satisfied by them. I will no longer make you a reproach among the nations. Fascinating how the Lord does that, right? In communion and fellowship with God, we're said to have a fellowship meal with him. He describes it in terms of a feast and in communicating to us about this feast, he communicates to us a restoration of our right standing with him. I'll no longer make a reproach of you among the nations. Jeremiah chapter 31, we see the new covenant. Verse 31, Jeremiah says, behold, the days are coming says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. Do you think that new covenant will have new covenant signs associated with it? Well, it certainly will. The Lord is always giving covenant signs, covenant meals in particular to communicate or to convey important facets, important facts concerning his covenant. And so certainly we'll see that. Verse 32, it's not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to leave them out of the land of Egypt, my covenant which they broke though I was a husband to them says the Lord. But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days says the Lord. I will put my law in their minds, write it on their hearts. I will be their God, they shall be my people. No more shall every man teach his neighbor and every man his brother saying, know the Lord for they shall all know me from the least of them to the greatest of them says the Lord for I will forgive their iniquity and their sin. I will remember no more. He speaks of a restoration of his covenant people. He speaks of a new covenant. When we come then to the New Testament and we know how this progresses, we have New Testament revelation. When we come to the New Testament and a fulfillment of all those Old Testament types and shadows, a fulfillment of them in the person and work of Jesus Christ, we see there the Lord himself begin to teach and to preach about the kingdom that has been inaugurated in the fulfillment of all these Old Testament promises and how that kingdom then grows to a full and final yet future consummation. And he often speaks about that coming kingdom, that inaugurated kingdom and that finally fully consummated kingdom in terms of a covenant feast of fellowship with himself. For example, turn with me to Matthew chapter eight, verse five. And Matthew chapter eight, verse five is interesting for a couple of reasons. We'll note here in a moment. Matthew chapter eight through the Lord's teaching in the New Testament, through the parables of the Lord Jesus Christ in the New Testament, we see these terms, these new covenant terms communicated to us through this covenant meal, this feast of fellowship. Matthew chapter eight, look at verse five. Now when Jesus had entered Capernaum, a centurion came to him pleading with him, saying, Lord, my servant is lying at home paralyzed, dreadfully tormented. And Jesus said to him, I'll come and heal him. The centurion answered and said, Lord, I'm not worthy that you should come under my roof, but only speak a word and my servant will be healed. For I also am a man under authority having soldiers under me. And I say to this one, go and he goes and to another, come and he comes and to my servant do this and he does it. Well, when Jesus heard that, verse 10, he marveled. And he said to those who followed, assuredly I say to you, I have not found such great faith, not even in Israel. And I say to you, again, foreshadowing a restoration of his people that would include the salvation of the Gentiles. He says in verse 11, I say to you that many will come from east and west. In other words, many Gentiles will come and will sit down. That word means there to recline at a table. In other words, it's referring to a feast. It's referring to a meal. Many will come from east and west and sit down at the table, so to speak, with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven, but the sons of the kingdom will be cast out into outer darkness. There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. Jesus said to the centurion, go your way as you have believed, so let it be done for you. And his servant was healed that same hour. Notice verse 11, both Jews and Gentiles will be included. Many will come from the east and the west and they're going to join Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom, in the kingdom of heaven. Notice, secondly, from verse 12, that many of the Jews, many of the sons of kingdom will be cast out. In other words, salvation here is not by ethnicity. It's not going to be by descendancy, by heritage. It's going to be by faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. And point three, Jesus describes the kingdom in terms of a great fellowship meal, a feast. We're gonna sit down together at the table with Abraham and with Isaac and with Jacob in the kingdom of heaven. We'll eat that meal with him, with the Lord Jesus Christ in the kingdom. He characterizes their fellowship, their communion in the kingdom as a seat at the table. Do you see? As a feast with the king. And while, what the Old Testament had pointed to with all of its types and shadows is now fulfilled in the person and work of the Lord Jesus Christ and is coming to fruition in the spread of the kingdom. We see that throughout the New Testament, right? Think with me about all the parables that we can recall in the gospels. Matthew chapter 22, the parable of the wedding feast, right? It's a wedding feast. The kingdom of heaven is like a certain king who arranged a marriage supper, a marriage for his son. In Luke chapter 14, verses seven through 11, parable about sitting in a lowly position at a wedding feast in verses 15 to 24, the parable of the great supper. Matthew chapter 25, verses one through 13, 10 virgins waiting to join the marriage feast upon the return of the bridegroom. He's going to bring them into the marriage banquet, right? The wedding banquet. The kingdom often described or understood in terms of a great wedding feast. The blessings of the kingdom described in terms of a feast that God prepares for his covenant people. Now these blessings, all of these blessings, we understand and know come through the gospel, come through the person and work of Jesus Christ who gave himself on Calvary's cross shed his blood for the remission of sins, shed his blood to redeem many. The gospel is an invitation to this feast. Do you see? The gospel is an invitation to the feast where undeserving sinners are invited to share communion with God himself. Even us Gentiles who count it great joy to eat the scraps that fall from our master's table. Amen. Now the reality is, as we consider that wonder that fellowship with God in the kingdom where we'll sit at the table with all the sons of the kingdom with our elder brother. The reality is that between now and then many dangers, toils and snares await us. Many dangers lie between these days in the inaugurated kingdom and those days wherein we will enjoy the consummated kingdom in all its fullness. And so what has God done for the benefit of his people? God has determined to communicate his faithfulness to bring us to that feast through a new covenant sign. Now think with me about that. What is the purpose of that sign? The purpose of the sign is to communicate God's covenant faithfulness through Jesus Christ, our Lord, to bring us to that feast that will be consummated in the kingdom. And he does that through a sign, a new covenant sign, a new covenant meal, the Lord's Supper. Do you see the Lord's Supper? Through it, through the Lord's Supper, the Lord feeds us with manna, as it were, as we wander our wilderness on our way to the promised land. It's through the gospel that in this life we're treated to an appetizer, if you will. We're treated to an appetizer, an appetizer of that feast that we will enjoy with him in the kingdom. I want you to notice the unique position and purpose of the Supper. Turn with me to Luke chapter 22. Luke chapter 22, and just a few statements here pertaining to the unique position and purpose of this Supper. And I want you to see that in relation to the position and purpose of the covenant meals that have come before. Luke chapter 22, look there, beginning at verse 14. Verse 14, when the hour had come, the Lord sat down, the 12 apostles with him, and he said to them, with fervent desire, I have desire to eat this Passover with you before I suffer. It's interesting, isn't it, that this meal, the Lord is here in Luke chapter 22, instituting the Lord's Supper. And the Lord's Supper, in first instance here, is a look back at the Passover. And why is it a look back at the Passover? Because the one who has fulfilled the Passover is sitting before them at the table with them. The Lord Jesus Christ would go to the cross. His death, his crucifixion looms on the horizon as he sits with the disciples eating this fellowship meal together. His death is imminent, okay? And so with the crucifixion looming, the Lord says, I've had great desire to eat this meal with you. Eat this Passover with you before I suffer. The Lord Jesus Christ will be the fulfillment of the Passover. For I say to you, verse 16, I will no longer eat of it until it is fulfilled in all its fullness in the kingdom of God. Then notice the Lord's Supper looks back to the Passover, something fulfilled by Jesus Christ. And then notice how the Lord's Supper looks forward to this meal that we are going to eat together with him when it is fulfilled in the consummated kingdom, right? It looks forward to the consummated kingdom. Verse 17, then he took the cup. He gave thanks and he said, take this and divide it amongst yourselves. For I say to you, I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes. He took bread, gave thanks and broke it, gave it to them saying, this is my body, which is given for you. Do this in remembrance of me, right? And even then in that statement, we as we take the Lord's Supper as beneficiaries of the new covenant, as members of the new covenant, we look back, not to Passover. Now we look back to he who fulfilled the Passover, the Lord Jesus Christ himself and his death at Calvary. We look back to the Lord Jesus Christ and his death on the cross. And then we look forward to our fellowship with him in the kingdom. I will not drink of the fruit of the vine again until the kingdom of God comes. Verse 20, likewise, he also took the cup after Supper saying, this cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is shed for you. In other words, this meal is a covenant meal. It is a covenant sign. His blood shed to secure the new covenant. This is a sign of the new covenant, meant to remind us of the content of the new covenant. This is another example, another example of that sensory experience, isn't it?  God intends to remind us of his promises and of his faithfulness to his word, to remind us of the blessings and the benefits, hard one for us at the cross of the new covenant, which is forgiveness of sins, is law written on our hearts, his spirit in dwelling us. But behold, the Lord says, the hand of my betrayer is with me on the table. And truly the Son of man goes as it has been determined, but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed. And they began to question among themselves, which of them it was who would do this thing. Notice at the Lord's supper, there is no lamb. Jesus Christ is the sacrificial lamb. Jesus Christ is the lamb of God who would take away the sin of the world. Notice the meal has two basic elements or signs. Jesus establishes a relationship, symbolic relationship between his body and the bread, and between his shed blood and the cup. It is through this means then, his body offered in death, his blood shed for the remission of sins that we are brought to enjoy the benefits and blessings of the new covenant, forgiveness of our sins, right relationship to God, reconciliation to him. We experience the blessings associated with the covenant meal by meditating on the significance of the two signs, physical elements that signify great spiritual truths, just like all of those other covenant meals. The Lord's supper then is the means through which we won enjoy fellowship or communion with Jesus Christ by faith of the meal in that sense strengthens our faith, reminds us of our communion with him and causes us to look forward to the communion we'll have with him in the kingdom. Two, it's a family meal, isn't it? A corporate meal whereby the body comes together in union with our head, the Lord Jesus Christ, and enjoys this meal in fellowship with one another. And thirdly, this supper distinguishes the people of God from the rest of the world, those who are not in union with him, those who are not in communion with him, testifying of the saving grace of God in the gospel, testifying of the person and work of our Lord Jesus Christ, pointing us, his covenant people forward to the day when we will eat it together with him in the kingdom. Can you see how that builds up our faith, right? Can you see how that builds our anticipation of that day when we'll enjoy this together in the kingdom? And you can see how the Lord uses it as a means to continuously remind us, just like those other covenant meals, just like those other covenant signs, this Lord's supper designed to preserve us in remembrance of the Lord who bought us with his own shed blood until he brings us home that day to eat it anew with him in the kingdom. Let's pray together. Father in heaven, Lord, we thank you for this beautiful sign that you've instituted for our benefit, for our good, to remind us of the sacrifice of our Lord Jesus Christ on the cross, the shedding of his blood and purchase and securing the new covenant. And we thank you, Lord, for all the blessings that are afforded to us through the person and work of Jesus Christ in the new covenant. Thank you, Lord, for this covenant sign, this covenant meal, this covenant reminder, whereby we are called to remember him as all that he has done for us at Calvary's Cross as we look forward to the day in which we will eat it with him in the consummated kingdom and enjoy perfect fellowship and communion with you through his sacrifice on our behalf, our justification, our eventual glorification and how we long for that day. Lord, come quickly. We praise you and thank you for this time wherein we remember this sacrifice. Thank you, Lord, for this reminder that we have in the meal. I pray that we would seek further understanding of all that the meal entails, that we would eat and partake of the meal in a worthy manner, and that we would glean from it all the blessings and benefits that you intend through it and that, Lord, it would be a means through which your spirit would work in us and through us to apply these truths to our heart and to preserve us in the faith. We love you, Lord, and we're grateful to you for these blessings. Be with us as we observe the supper together as a family. In Jesus' name, amen.


So, last time we talked about this generating random samples, where we talked about both direct and indirect methods. So, by the way, how many of you are able to solve the question on the indirect method in the mid-sem? I think many of you got confused, we are deliberately ignored whether there is a term indirect or not there, right. So, when I say direct method things become very simple, right. If I give you pdf or like a CDF function, if I give you a CDF function that is it, I mean you just invert it, direct method one can easily get. But the challenge there is we may not always be able to invert and the question I gave that was related to which distribution, F distribution, was that easily invertible? No, right, it is a little complicated that is what one has to go with indirect method and that is what I deliberately wrote that word indirect there. But many of you have missed this and also some confusion because the way T has evaluated that, but that is fine. So basically there we talked about if I given a pdf or rather CDF how to generate the samples and now we are going to switch gears and start talking about data is already available to us and from that how to infer the underlying CDF which is going to generate and most often what we will do is we will assume the class of the CDFs itself, we will assume that this samples are coming from a Gaussian distribution or Poisson distribution or something, but we do not tell you the parameters. So, unless you do not know the parameter, you do not know exactly what is the distribution right. So, that is what we will do now, we will say that data is given to us and it we will be told appropriately that this is going to come from this class, but I will not just tell you the parameters and your job is to identify those parameters from the data and for that we are going to look something called data reduction and there are different principles there we will start focus most of our time on the sufficiency principle and something called sufficiency statistics and today we will also cover factorization theorem. Now, for us we are going to assume that data is generated let us say x 1, x 2 these are the observed data and we are going to say that this data is going to come from some underlying population f theta and I do not know what is theta, the structure of the f theta may be known. For example, I may say that f theta is a Gaussian distribution then you know its structure right. So, now let us say you have this data points, now this is just a bunch of data for us. Now let us now focus on data reduction part data itself of no value to me, but what is important to me is the information provided by the data. So, you may be interested in obtaining some key information from this data either by defining sample mean, sample variance or like smallest value or largest value and to define sample mean I am going to use all the values. So, is sample variance similarly to define smallest value I am going to use all the values. Now, in general we can talk about any function of the samples which we earlier called it as statistic ok, t is any function which can operate on my data samples we call it as statistic and we said that sample mean, sample variance, smallest values, largest value these are all examples of your statistic and what they are actually giving you is a basically kind of data reduction or data summary. Means telling you one summary, sample variance is giving you another summary, smallest value is one summary, largest value is another summary. Now, if you are only interested in the statistic and statistic is giving me the summary and if it so happens that if two samples x and y are giving you the same summary tx and dy which happens to be the same then from information point of view both x and y are same for me because they are giving me the same information when I use my statistic ok. Now, thinking more about this I am now going to take one particular example of statistic which is basically sum of all the values in my random sample.  It may happen that if you add all of them they may add up to the same value and both of them could be still coming I mean my assumption here is that both of them are coming from the same underlying distribution. So, what is now happening is this samples I am summarizing by applying some statistic in this case sum, this samples also I am summarizing by applying this statistic t. Now, if they happen to give me the same value let us say if I take t of x 1 that is this and this happens to t of x 2 we said that x 1 and x 2 they are same for me because they are providing the same information. So, for me like at this point this random sample and this random sample they are the same. So, I may group all the random sample which give me the same information and that grouping can lead to partitioning of my space ok. So, last time we said let us take a two dimensional case maybe this is 0 sorry this is 1 this is 1 and I am interested in all the point my space is only this, this is my x 1 and this is x 2. Just let us take one hypothetical case if I draw a line and any take one point let us take this point and let us take this point. If I add the components of these two points will they have the same value? Do people understand this? Let us call this is one let us say this let us call this is 0.2 and 0.8 and this point here is 0.8 and 0.2 ok. So, you take any point on this line they will add up to the same value. So, from data reduction point of view if I sum that all these points on the line are the same for me right they are indistinguishable to me right. So, like that what I can do is I can now start of thinking this data reduction as the partitioning of my space itself ok and in that all the points x which will map to the same number let us call t I am going to collect them and I will call that set as 80 ok. Now, let us take another point. So, here the sum is 1. If I am interested in all the points whose sum is going to be let us say 0.5 where how on which line they will lie? Let us consider all the points whose sum is going to be 0.5. So, here is one point this is 0.5 ok. Another point is going to be here 0.50 and another. So, if I am going to connect this line all the points there is going to have the sum 0.5 right. So, like that what I can do is in this case maybe let us take all t equals to 0.5. Now, if I am going to define 80 this is going to be basically all the points on this line right and similarly if I take t equals to 1 this is going to this set is going to include all the points on this line. Now, I can consider all these sets 80 right. Now, what are the possible values of t? t here what is the value of what is going to be here? It is going to be 2 right if I am going to sum. So, maybe I will be interested in taking t from 0 all the numbers may be t 0 to 2. So, if I am going to construct all the sets where t is going to between 0 to 2 and I take this sets 80 will they overlap or they are disjoint they are going to be disjoint right because all of them likely they will be on this particular line different different lines depending on what t I am going to choose. So, that is why now if I am going to think of this this set 80 now forms a partition. So, in a way the when I reduce data the possible reductions I am going to get that is going to partition my space in this fashion. Now, what are the advantage of this data reduction? We discussed last time right data reduction is one obvious thing is if I tell you just the sum then I do not need to maintain the entire vector right x 1, x 2 up to x n I just has one value I have reduced it to one value I just need to store that one value in that way that is going to be useful in terms of reducing. But now our question will be always with respect to getting information about the underlying parameter. So, that is our basic principle right through which we started like when I started talking about this we say that I have data what I want is extract information about this parameter theta. But this data reduction came we are going to use this data reduction as a means to get information about that theta. Now, the question here is so fine data reduction is fine you have this samples you can reduce it to one number the question always remains is when you reduce it how well that reduced value is capturing information about your theta parameter. For that we are going to look into different principles one is called sufficient principle, sufficiency principle is always going to talk about the statistic when you are going to say that your statistics is going to capture sufficient information about your parameter theta. So, sufficiency principle will govern this. And we are going to look into another thing called likelihood principle which is going to write your data sorry the parameter that you are interested in as a function of your data observed. And then it is try to connect how your data points are governing or like what is how your parameters and the data points are related in the best possible way are most likely fashion and the likelihood principle will try to capture that essence ok. So, it is something called equivalence principle we will not go into that it is a it is just like a relaxation of this condition here equivalence principle. So, in this case we said that x and y will map to the same statistics we said that x and y are kind of same for us, but why that should be the case ok. So, maybe x and y are somewhat related may not be exactly the same. So, that will be captured by equivalence principle, but we will not dealing much with that in this course.


Thanks for checking this video out. Your mountaintop news video is coming up in just a minute.  Why is it your ad here? Call me. Saturday, May 21st, Kentucky State Police Post 9 will be hosting their second annual car show to raise money for Shop with a Trooper. The SWAT program is designed to assist children in need during the Christmas season. We started the car show last year to benefit the Shop with a Trooper program. For each year in December we take kids that deserve a good Christmas that their parents may not be able to afford it. We take them out, we take them shopping, we take them to a lunch and send them home on a Christmas dinner. So last year we raised just a little over $5,000 and we're hoping to raise that or even more this year. Last year SWAT was able to provide a Christmas to 60 kids from several counties including Johnson, Floyd, Martin, MacGuffin and Pike County. We'll have an overall best of show. We've got I think 10 or 11 different classes like Best Chevy, Best Mopar, some different ones of those and then we've got a top 30 which we're calling the Trooper's Choice. Last year we had 130 cars registered for the show, we're hoping to get that much or even more. Last year we did 20 top 20 so this year we've bumped it up to top 30 since there were so many cars. The car show will begin at 9 a.m. and will take place in the Applebee's parking lot in Pikeville. Registration is $20 and raffle tickets will be available. For more information go to Kentucky State Police on Facebook. For Mountain Top News, I'm Brianna Robinson.


When I saw the post on Facebook, I thought about the attitude that people have towards America. I don't know if you get that when you talk to Europeans or South Americans. Sometimes they don't see America as a good country. What do you feel? How do you feel about that as an American, if you notice that? Well, at times I've traveled and some people receive me as an American very nicely and others have maybe a bias towards me. Sometimes it's because of our country's political policies. Sometimes maybe they had a bad experience with an American. But the majority of people I meet are really happy to interact with me and have had really good experiences with Americans. And I hope people maybe have more of an opportunity to meet and talk to live Americans rather than movies and TV shows. Right. Learning from the stereotypes they see in movies or TV shows or just some of the more negative press they may hear in the news. Do you have American friends? Yeah, sure. I've met a lot of Americans and they are very nice, most of them. But there is a kind of prejudice against the country, not the people. When you meet people, they are very nice and very friendly, but it's kind of a bias against the country, against our international policy, I think. What year? When were you living in the United States? First time I entered the USA in the 2010, September. And then back to Iraq. The last time I was in the USA, I was in Ohio in the June, this year, in the June. What were you doing in Ohio? Actually, I'm a permanent resident. I have a green card, so I can't go, I'm back. And are you calling from Iraq now? Yeah. Okay, so you're back in Iraq? My brother, my brother, I live in the USA. Oh, okay. What did you miss most about your home country when you were here in the United States? My friends. Yes, of course. Here in Iraq, we have friends and the family can shop. In the USA, we have a safe area, the nature. Everything is beautiful except the friends, the friends and family.  When you were in the United States, did you have any opportunities to talk to American dentists or to compare ideas? Yes. For now, I'm working on the, I wanted to be a dentist in the USA. So now I'm studying in Iraq. So every time I go to the USA, I do the test. It's called national board dental exam. And where did you learn English? Your English is very good. Actually, my study in Iraq, the dental school in Iraq, my study in English. And after I visit the USA, I'm starting to work on my language. I'm going to listen. I'm listening a lot to the English conversation. That's good. You have to learn how to listen to people when you're working in their mouth, right? When they're with cotton in their mouth and that's a whole different kind of listening skill, right? Yes, yes. What's your question? About American history. What about it specifically?  So do you have a particular question about American history? So not exactly, but I have some ideas about the civilization of the Americans. Well, there's a lot that's happened in a very short time. Have you studied American history in your university? Yes, but without details. Oh, without details? Yes, without details. Because I read it alone here in the book, which ended the title. The title is an industry about an industry to the USA history. Well, I know there are a lot. You can find a lot of history resources on the Internet. Now, we have a series in VOA Learning English called The Making of a Nation. It's an American history series. And if you go to learningenglish.voanews.com and do a search for Making of a Nation in quotation marks on our website, you'll find an entire series explaining a week you'll be able to read and listen every week to a 15-minute program about American history.


Buddy I Am really glad to have you here. I'm gonna just take a few moments to welcome people who are joining us right now Hello, I got tired of taking selfies. So I drew a cartoon this week. I am going to go ahead and flip this around now Hi, I'm gonna set myself up over here. I still can't decide whether I like horizontal or vertical It's like people were starting to go You know landscape for a while and then they switched Hi, thanks for the heart so early. I didn't even do anything. I appreciate that very much So let me just this is like my sixth or seventh periscope now So I'm starting to get a little bit more comfortable with it. Hi Ella. Thank you for telling me who you are I would love to hear names of people because I can't always tell from your You know handles so I would love to hear the names of people here, and if this is your very first time Watching a periscope scope I would love to hear that too because I think this is such a really cool medium And I'm just always excited when somebody is brand new. Hi patty Hi, and so are you Jennifer? Are you saying hi Jennifer? Because if you're Jennifer then hey welcome. Hi Angela Good, I'm glad you like this topic. Good. Good. Good. I'm excited to talk about it, too So I'm gonna just take a little bit more time to just say hello Good hi, what's your name CHP 2114, what's your name? I'm so excited that brand new people are here. Hi Laura Hi Cheryl. There we go Jozan Stephanie Middle school art teacher great first time on periscope. I'm so excited that you all are here Well, you missed last week last week whoo last week we were We were bombarded by hundreds of I think high school students and they were inappropriate So I am hoping that we don't have that problem. I blocked a whole bunch of them last week I sat down and I wrote all their names down and I blocked them So hopefully this won't happen this time But if so you get to see how I handle myself under pressure and people telling me to take my shirt off so Okay, so if this is your first time if this is your first time and you already sort of know me from my website Then I don't need to give you any kind of introduction. Hey, I'm glad you subscribed to my emails My name is Jennifer Gonzalez. I have a website called cult of pedagogy. It is for teachers I all of my work is devoted to helping teachers do their jobs better and so I decided about a month and a half ago that I was getting too many emails from teachers asking for advice on things And I thought, you know, it doesn't really help anybody else, but this one person for me to give them advice One-on-one. So why not share my advice with everybody? So I pick one reader question per week and I answer it in a live broadcast and what's great about doing it this way Is that not only do a lot of people more people get to hear it But I get to get your ideas also and what I found on my blog post is that I will put together as Good of a blog post as I can I'll get as much research together But then the comments start coming afterwards and people start to share other resources that they know and other advice that they can Give for certain situations and it's wonderful because those blog posts get better over time Because of the comments and that's how I feel about periscope to that you all can help me I can give you my ideas, but then I can get ideas from other people too And this is definitely one that we all need to share ideas on so let me tell you about the original email It is Thank you for sharing. I Believe you swipe left or right for iOS or Android or up and down for the other one and you can share the broadcast and invite your friends to come in and watch So here was the original email that I got this is from a parent of a sixth grader and This seems to happen so much and I was a middle school teacher And so this happened a lot to students of mine. Thanks for sharing is that I would Kids would get started in middle school and their parents or their teachers or both would want them to have more Independence and not have so much hand-holding and the students grades would just Bought them out because they couldn't handle the level of independence that was required. It's a combination So this parent is Basically stuck at the end of a marking period Realizing that her son is failing most of his classes and her son is Very smart has never really struggled in school and he aces all of his tests But he cannot get the work turned in he just forgets it loses it doesn't hand it in and The the parent is at her wit's end and so This is a problem that a lot of parents face But it's a problem that a lot of teachers face to we have students who We see them doing the work and then when we have the pile later to grade That students paper is not there in it and so One thing that you should know is that most weeks when I do these I do a little bit of research And I just try to find some good online resources to kind of help add on to whatever I would have normally said and so Most of the time anyway, I'm gonna have a digital download that you can grab while you are Yeah, while you're watching to follow along or you can just grab it later So if you go to my website cult of pedagogy comm its CULT cult of OF and then pedagogy the art of teaching PEDA GOG why comm? Slash Periscope that is where I keep a running list of all the resources that I've shared in past periscope so I've got tonight's already loaded up and so it's just a list of the Four options that I'm gonna talk about tonight. I feel like this parent has four different options For dealing with this and I would love to hear other ideas from you all as well for what you think this parent should do because I Think if a lot of teachers are watching then you have all Definitely had you know this student before and I'm sure some of you have Have found solutions, so I would love to hear about those also if you are If you want to tell a friend about this later on and you can't find the periscope all of my periscopes are Collected on a a separate page. It's a website called catch with a K katch.me Slash cult of pedagogy. It's just an archive of all my old periscopes because they disappear from your phone after 24 hours But they're there so if you wanted to send somebody to that replay and there's actually a link to it on this download okay, so I feel like The parent I'm gonna speak to this from a parent's point of view and all of us who are teachers Chime in if you think there's something else that this teacher should do so I feel like this parent has four options the first one Being to work with this student and I'm referring to him as a him because that's the letter that I got but obviously this Would work for girls to work with him to create a plan of action this particular there there are a Dozens of different possible reasons why this could be happening It could be something sort of complicated in that they they just are having trouble with attention And they're having trouble really sticking to their work or it could be as simple as just maybe there's somebody in the class who they Don't like to walk past when they have to hand the work in sometimes. It's something that simple And so if this parent has not yet had a real heart to heart with her son about what is going on then that is obviously important and Thank You Michelle and To me this seems like an obvious solution But I think sometimes some parents automatically go to the punishment and saying well you better get your work done And you know we're gonna have to take away this and take away that and those things can be effective But they may not solve an underlying problem So start I would say by strategizing with your student and especially if we're talking about a middle or high school student But even you know sometimes I say middle and high school and my son's a third-grader and my daughter's a fourth-grader And they've got very logical minds. I think they could really contribute a lot in terms of what do you think? the solution should be so Hey Sorry, I have a friend of Ruth who is in here So so talking to the student about what do you think should be done? What do you think should be done? They might say one of the the I link to an article basically here Where a parent had gone to a forum and said I have this same problem with her eighth grade son And it's a long long long forum of a lot of parents and teachers giving her suggestions So I would say definitely link to that for option one because they give so many different suggestions But some of the ones that came up in in this thread were one see if the teachers will let him Turn everything in at the beginning of a school day If this is a student to who has a lot of teachers see if they can turn everything in at the beginning of the school day Ruth we're gonna get to that one next because we're gonna talk about finding out what's going on at school See if the student can come up with their own consequence You know say what consequence do you think would work because in a lot of cases this student will will say I want to change I want to fix this. I just don't know so you can say what do you think would work for some kids That may not for some kids. It may be working their way towards a reward instead of a consequence Another thing that was recommended in this thread was Considering whether or not you need to seek a diagnosis for ADD or ADHD that this could be an attention problem And a focus problem. So that's something else to consider so that would be the first thing and I'd say definitely go take a look at that thread because It's it's an interesting conversation between all these different parents and it gets a little contentious at one point But they are able to get it back together and I love watching people behave themselves nicely on the internet So if for nothing else take a look at that it almost gets snitty at some point. So option one See if you can strategize with your child Option to find out what's happening at school now in this option on the handout I have I don't have an article linked I just one of the things that I read a lot in that thread was this parent said when my kid got to middle school What I heard from teachers and from and about a lot of teachers in middle school was that a lot of them were saying it Is not my job to tell students when it's time to hand in homework So I have to have a little sub a soapbox moment here. I think that Because I was a middle school teacher I understand that we want our students to be responsible, however We're talking about teachers who literally refused to say Okay, it is time for you to hand in your homework that there was supposed to be some sort of magical moment that students just knew Maybe it was part of the class of basket or something, but really is that the hell you want to die on? I mean, honestly, I am so scatterbrained sometimes that I have right things on my hand like I'm 15 Because I know that between the time I'm in this room in that room. I'm gonna forget them So how are we supposed to expect a hormone laden child to not know when it's time to just hand it in everyone? We've got so many distractions I really really do not think that you are weak as a teacher if you simply say I need the homework right now And even to say it a second time somebody was spacing out by the way. We're turning in the homework now It's just you're just being a nice human being honestly now Yes, you can tell students and you still don't get the work But I'm saying if that's the problem in this one student school because the teachers are digging their heels in on that They don't want to say that it's time to turn the homework in yeah, even in grad school. You've got to You know just say prompt them a little bit So I think that that's kind of a ridiculous policy But my bigger point on option two is find out exactly what is happening in school And I think it's definitely worthwhile to have a meeting with the teacher Because a lot of times kids will come home and say oh Well, she doesn't let us do this this and that and I know as a teacher kids can misrepresent What you do and what you say they can misinterpret or Miss they can miss a lot of the nuance in what you say So it would be great to have a three-person conversation about in the teacher's classroom Ideally so that you can say where do you hand the homework in it? Maybe that the student has just Misunderstood all year where they're supposed to turn something in or if you're having students hand things in digitally There could be some confusion with how that works So just make sure that you the parent the teacher and the student are all working with the same facts that you are all Talking about apples and not some of you talking about oranges. So Okay, I just got a good comment the conversation about engagement needs to proceed the conversation about accountability this Okay This is a big topic because We could very well be dealing with a student who is bored to tears in school especially if he aces all of his tests and There is a much larger conversation going on among educators about whether or not homework should even be assigned whether or not We should even be giving grades and And whether or not students are really engaged in their work I think that is a valuable conversation for sure. However, right now What we're dealing with is is students who are working within a current system and may end up having More serious consequences because they can't get those executive functions in order They can't just do the basic compliance stuff of just turn it in on this day when the person says it and You know, I know there's a lot of debate over whether there's enough value in that I personally think there is we're quick sidebar we're Waiting to buy a house right now and the bank just called us today and said that the seller's agent still hasn't turned in her paperwork And so the whole thing might be delayed and I thought you know what compliance like just basic When my vet gives me medicine to give my dog and I don't comply he stays sick So I really think there is some value in a person developing the skills that they need whatever they are to be able to Do the thing that they're supposed to do when they're supposed to do it so With that said find out what's happening at school have a conversation with the teacher make sure everybody is clear at least what the Expectations are and also, you know, sometimes the kids think that the teachers are more rigid than they are I know don't think I can speak for all of you But let me know if you agree with this if there is one tiny little change We can make that's gonna get that one kid who never turns any work in to turn it in Are we gonna do it because really it's just you know If it's something really small and not that inconvenient then I know I want my kids to turn stuff in so You know, I think a lot of times kids are intimidated by certain teachers and they're afraid to ask so Sometimes if you just say hey, can I can I do this then the teacher will be like fine Hang on one sec Okay So that's the second thing first thing is strategize with your student for what can be you know What you can do and second is find out what's going on at school So we're all talking about the same thing the third option is to let him suffer the natural consequences and this is something a lot of parents Don't want to do a couple of months ago on my site I reviewed a book called the gift of failure By Jessica Leahy and I put a link to it on this download a lot of people saying yes to that with those hearts So if you're new to periscope these hearts are when people tap the screen. That's just a way of saying it's like a thumbs up Or a like on Facebook So the premise of this book the gift of failure is that far too many parents want to rescue their children from any kind of pain or consequence and so We will sweep in at the last minute and make everything okay, and then they don't ever learn because we have rescued them And so and and yes on that post that I linked to I interviewed her We had a nice long talk on the podcast and she talked about her own experiences I asked her my own questions as a parent about my own doubts about really can I just let them fall?  And how does that facilitate learning and so if we're talking about a sixth grader? I feel like middle school is such an important time for kids to actually make some of these big mistakes and then Pick themselves back up when I was in eighth grade. I got a D in algebra. I was put in eighth grade Algebra and I didn't do what I was supposed to do and I got a D And we had a meeting and they decided to take me out and have me start again as a ninth grader And I was pretty embarrassed because I was you know one of the really smart kids in my school and all my friends were in it And and I got put back into pre-algebra But that was a good experience Exactly middle school. There's not a whole lot of lifelong consequences for screwing up in middle school So let them make their big mistakes because high school, you know permanent record It's you know high transcripts that are going to college and so You know honestly when I got into high school, I took five math classes I doubled up on math my sophomore year so that I could be in calculus with my friends as a senior I don't know if I would have been that motivated Had I kind of been able to if my mother had gone and said please keep her in algebra We can get a tutor and we can get her caught up. I don't think I would have had the math foundation first of all I really learned it well when I took it again as a ninth grader But if she had you know just taken over for me anyway So one one thing you could do is just Let it let it go let him completely fall on his face as a sixth grader There may be kind of serious consequences. He may not get into the advanced groups next year But if you let I think if you let his teachers know ahead of time, this is what I am planning on doing Please give him consequences. Sometimes we've got teachers who are going to be like Oh, we'll just let it go this time and then it's like no we want to do that give consequences So We're having problems with grades 11 and 12 and that's see here's the thing with grades 11 and 12 with the natural consequences I think there's everybody's all freaked out about college and you know What if they don't get into college and how they're so close to graduating? How can I let them right? How can I let them fall down now because it could mean not getting into a good college? So maybe they don't get into a good college think about all the adults you know who Got into a good college and dropped out and then went to a different thing and had a whole different situation And they think right and they think I learned an important lesson then You know you got some students who are ushered all the way through until they finally get into that awesome college and then We have college professors who are saying they're dealing with helicopter parents in college Parents who are calling for their children in college to advocate for a higher grade or let him make up this missed homework Can you imagine? I mean I think this is this is becoming a really really big problem When does that stop at some point they have to fall down at least a little bit So letting him suffer the natural consequences as a sixth grader. It may be an option. I would definitely say Yeah, Ruth, I want to talk about your situation this drama chick here who's commenting. She is a 12th grade English teacher and She's pretty tough on them and what she's told me is that some of them Are are not failing necessarily but are getting pretty low marks from you for the first time in their school careers And they're flipping out, but they're what's ultimately happening is that they're starting to work a little bit harder. So I Think we need to not be so afraid of Failure Okay, good. I know I got that that situation right okay last option And I really really do think that this is not for everybody, but when I read this story I Felt like it was You know a possibility for some people and I know that Hang on one sec Okay, I know that this is not for everybody. I don't think this is for me Option four is consider homeschooling When anybody ever suggests homeschooling to me I kind of right just Mommy likes her alone time very much I don't know that I could be home alone with my kids all day, but I read this article that I linked to in this Document called what we did when our son was failing school and this was kind of the Thank you. This is kind of the engagement issue. This is somebody who had an eighth grade son Who was just hated school? I mean it was the same kind of situation though. He could test well, but he just Really dreaded going really dragged his feet and and just they noticed that his Personality was just starting to go down and down and down in terms of the light that was inside him And they they thought about it for a while and they decided to give it a try They made the arrangements that they needed to to have him Finish the school year they pulled him out part way through the year haven't finished the school year with an online program He's a baseball player, so he was pretty involved in athletics and was able to get some support there anyway It turned out really well and this mother talked about how guilty she felt when she looked back on the last four years when she had started to notice a change in him and how she avoided She avoided homeschooling because of the inconvenience and Not realizing how really good it would be for him and how how How much of a good option that could be and how much of his original personality would come back out? And it also ended up making him very self-motivated and very self-directed, so I Do not have a lot of expertise on Homeschooling but it's I think it could be that it's just not a good fit for your child the school that he is in so those are my four suggestions and There is a if you go to cult of pedagogy.com slash Periscope you'll have a link to that document Thank you all so much for coming and Thank you, thank you, and I will be back next week and If you have never come to my website cult of pedagogy by Ruth CULT OF PEDA GOGY Lots and lots of stuff for teachers and maybe we will talk about that homeschool issue some more Some other time because it's a pretty hot topic. Have a great night everybody and now as always I will attempt to turn this off, which always takes me forever. Have a good night. No, that's flipping swipe down