Okay, so our next speaker is once again myself, Jean-Pierre Rosin. Okay, it works. About distributed programming. So this was announced as a live demo, which is always frightening, because you never know if it would work. So I'll try to go relatively fast on the slides, then we'll make the demo and if we have some spare time, where we can show you another example, or maybe we can just come back to some of what I said. So this is defined in the reference manual in an annex, in the distributed systems annex. So it means that it's not required from every compiler to implement that. In practice, only Gnat did implement that. And I'm a bit sorry about that, because it's a real nice feature of the ADA, and it would be nice if we had other compilers to implement it. So to understand what it means, it's one, it's about having one program distributed over several machines. You know, distributed systems that work, well, with several in general executions concurrently, may have different levels of coupling. You have tasking when it's inside a single program with shared memory. Then you have the distributed systems annex, where it is a single program which is split over several computers. And then you may have different programs communicating over the network. So here it's a single program. So we'll see it keeps all strong typing and all check that you can have, but still running on several machines. And the goal of the annex is to make the programmer concentrate on the problem and be freed from all the nasty details of networking, communication, differences in representation, and all those programs that play distributed programs. So an ADA program is made of several partitions. So it's a very abstract definition, but to be honest, it's several executables. You have several executables, you run them together and together they build the whole program. You have active partition that can run any program, also passive partition that can contain code and data, but no task, nothing that's active. You can even have several main programs. The language requires only at least one main program in one of the partitions, but you may have several main programs including one initial partition. So this maps to different patterns. For example, if you imagine a hardware board plugged in a backplane, so an active partition will be a processor board with a CPU and whatever, but a passive partition will be a memory board. You can have RAM for variables, RAM where you have the code of your sub-programs, but nothing that can run directly on the board. On a local area network, while it's a classical stuff with computers, you may wonder how you could make passive partitions. Actually, Gnat manages to be able to have passive partitions. Its variable is modeled as a file over NFS. Not very efficient, but it works. And it provides you with persistence by the same token, so it can be quite interesting if you don't abuse it. And even at the level of a single operating system, while you could view the active partition as the process level, tasking is about the threads level and that would be about the process level. For example, a set of sub-programs that is shared between several executables that would map to a dialog. So I'm not saying that the current Gnat implementation does all that, but I want just to stress that the model is not linked to a particular model. It has always been intended to be implementable in several contexts. What I mean is if you take, for example, Java's remote method in vocation, you designate a remote object through its IP address. So it's purely Internet that nothing else you can do with it. Here it has been carefully made independent of any particular network. So of course, not all data can circulate on a network. A task, a pointer would be hard to, if you exchange them, that would not be possible or it would be meaningless. So you need to have some restrictions. So the idea is you have a number of aspects that define how a package will behave regarding distribution. I won't go into too many details, but just to mention a regular package that has no categorization, these are called categorization aspects. Without categorization, the packages are duplicated, so they are independent. If you have a variable in a package in a partition, that variable is not related to the same variable, while with the same name in another partition. Your shared passive package are used to manage the data that's directly shared. So it's a common memory between the different partitions. Remote types allow the definition of types that can be exchanged between the partitions. And remote call packages are the most interesting ones. The ones that can make RPCs, RCP remote procedure calls where you can, from a node, from a partition, call something that physically resides in another partition. And for each kind of categorization, of course, there are a number of restrictions about what you can do. Those restrictions are very complicated. You don't need to understand how it works. You put the categorization, you compile, and the compiler will tell you what's allowed and what's not allowed. In Ada, we trust the compiler, you know? And since all the consistency of the program is guaranteed at program level, this means that all the data representation are guaranteed to be consistent over all the partitions. So you get a remote call. When you call a subprogram that's something in another partition, directly by calling what is called a remote subprogram, subprogram with the aspect remote call interface, so it's a classic called RPC. Of course, you have to know the name of the package. If you call a subprogram, you have to know the name of the package. So in terms of distribution, it means you know the server. You have a certain special kind of pointer that allow you to designate a subprogram in another package. So it's a typical callback where you can call back a subprogram through a pointer in another partition. But then you have to get the pointer from somewhere, so you have to have some kind of name server that will provide you with the pointer to the subprogram being called. And you can also have remote objects, the famous remote access to class-wide types. So basically you can have a pointer to an object in the sense of a type, and you can invoke methods of objects that are located in a remote node. So you can have distributed objects and directly call the methods of the object. That's once again, since you need to first get the pointer to the object, then you need some name server. And the whole semantics of Ada is preserved. So if a remote call raises an exception, you'll get the exception. All typing are checks and to be consistent and so on. So distribution is completely transparent, at least for the client for the caller. When you transmit data over the network, the interface is designed in such a way that it chooses the stream's mechanism. In Ada we have streams inspired without any shame from C++ streams. And you have standard streams provided by the compiler and you can redefine the stream. So the marshaling operation transforming your high level data type into a stream of bytes is performed automatically by the compiler using the stream that you can redefine. So for example, if you have a type name, for example, password, you can redefine the marshaling function so that this type is always scripted. And that your own redefinition will be used by the compiler and therefore you are guaranteed that never to have a clear password over the network. So it means that strong typing is totally preserved. You don't send bytes, you send, you exchange through the normal mechanism high level data. So how would you write in general a distributed application? First of all, very important, you don't care about distribution. It's very tempting when you know that you'll have something that will work on several computers to think first, oh, what am I going to put on that computer and that. If you do that, any change will require a total redesign of your application and it will be extremely costly. The best way to design a distributed application is first to design your program on your own machine. It works and you debug it and you design it on a thing as a regular application. Then you categorize, you look at what you've done. You said, well, these are some casual utilities that don't mean anything special. Here I have a centralized database so it must be shared if it's ever distributed. Here are the types that are used to exchange data with a database and so on. So you just drop those little aspects on your code.  So you need to change things here or there to make sure that it corresponds to your intent. That's quite often, for example, you take off some type definition from a package to make a special remote types package or some changes like that. Then you decide on the distribution. You decide that you will make three partitions and, well, the only shared package are the remote call interface packages and of course the shared passives. So these are to be attached to some explicit partitions. This is done thanks to a configuration file and I'll give you an example shortly. You recompile. The compiler will care about everything and you will get as many executables as you have defined partitions and then it's up to you to start your partitions where you want, maybe on the same computer, maybe on a different computer. So that looks like a miracle. Are there some people who ever wrote distributed applications here? Okay, good. So you'll appreciate the demo. Okay, I'll turn now to this. Okay, it's a very simple program. And here I just have all the printing is done through that console package. So console just, can you read it or it's a bit too small? Okay, sorry. Okay, that's better. So it's just a package and we print by, for the moment, it's a regular package, no categorization. Okay. Then I have a server. This is a remote call interface package. You see there is a program, a remote call interface. And what it does, it registered clients. So when a client comes, it calls register, it keeps account of the number of registered clients. And when that count reaches the expected number, in that case three, then I have a function must terminate that tells us now everybody has arrived. So I can show you quickly the body if you want. And come on. Okay, this way. So you see I just have a global counter. But it's to show you that that counter must be shared between the different partitions, of course. And then the client at very simple also will fit just not. Okay, so the client just registers. It prints a message by printing message. Well, it keeps the time and why not must terminate? Why not everybody's there? It loops saying it waits for a certain number of seconds, delays one second. And when terminate must terminate becomes true just print that it's terminated. Okay. So for the moment. The interesting point is the console that prints the message for now it's a regular package. It will be duplicated in each partition. So I prepared everything so we don't waste time, but believe me, I didn't cheat. So if you want me to recompile in front of you, I'll be happy to do it. Okay, but you're not here to watch compilation time. So if I start partition one, it should start shorting. Oh, I forgot to mention the server itself, the server package prints when a new client arrives. So you have seen that. Can you see that? Excuse me. Sure, that's better. Okay, a bit small, but I think you can see. So it prints in its own window. I start the second partition, which is printing. You see the server print on the left and here it prints on its own window. Okay. If I start a third client, then everybody terminates. The count has been reached and everybody terminates. Okay. Now let's have some fun. I change to another directory where I prepared the second step of the demo. Okay. So now, oh, I forgot to show you something important. Sorry. The config, the configuration. So this is the file that defines the distribution, the configuration. Here you see I just declared three partitions. And I have only one remote call interface packet, the server. So I said that the partition one contains the server. Client is my main procedure. And well, in that system, there is a kind of main, main procedure, you know. So this one is in partition one. And there is a secondary main in partition two and partition three. That program has started here for them because I need to start all this in three different windows. I start them by hand. But you can have the compiler generate automatically a starter that will run every partition in, you can tell on which machine and so on. And the funny thing is that starter can be written either in Ada and automatically compiled or generated as a shell script. So if you want to see what happens. And that generated automatically. Okay, so we move to step two. What did I change here? Very few. I just added in my console pragma remote call interface. I didn't change anything else. But now in a sense I have a printer server instead of each partition printing in its own domain. I have a shared printer server and at the level of the configuration, you see I just added console since now it's a remote call interface package. It has to be assigned to a certain partition. So I assign it to partition one and the rest is the same. And then you recompile and I start partition one. There is a kind of middleware in behind if I have some time maybe I told you. For now it seems like before. But if now I start partition two. All messages for partition two are printed in the same window because that's the first window is where the printer server resides. Okay, and of course if I start my third partition, we'll see a new client and then everybody terminate. Okay, now imagine that I made some insufficient design about the load of my server and that first server is really too heavily loaded. Okay, that happens quite often on distributed systems. It's hard to foresee what the actual load will be. So I decide I'll put a fourth machine that will just hold the message server, the console. Fine, step three here. I didn't change anything in the era. I just changed the configuration file. Okay, for you to see. I define a fourth partition here where I put the console. Okay, that's all I did. I didn't change the software at all. Recompiled. Okay, it's here. So let's start partition one. Nothing happens. Of course it's printing in partition two, in partition four. Okay, let's start it now. And you see all the messages are now moving to that dedicated partition for printing. Of course, if I now start partition three up, everybody terminates nicely. So let's, this is just a small program to demonstrate it. But think about it. I first started with no centralized server. Each part of the program used its own local server. Then I decided to have one centralized server to do everything. I added one pragma, change the configuration file and recompile. That's all I had to do. And then I decided to change the way the load is split on my different server. I had a new machine with a new server. I changed one line in my configuration file. I didn't change my Ada software. And I had my new configuration. Okay. So generally people who never had to cope with distributed system find that very nice. Those who had to cope with distributed system are absolutely stunned by this because all the hard work. Yes, I have some spare minutes. I can show you something is done by the compiler. When you compile something with the distribution, you see here a little directory that appears with a name DSA. That means distributed systems architecture. Okay. And if you look at that, you will see the partitions. And you'll see all the files. You'll see a number of Ada files here that are all automatically generated by the systems and compiled by the system. That ensure the whole other data transmission, the coordination, finding the name server, and all those things that you need when you are doing a distributed system, all generated automatically. Okay. Fine. So, well, since we have someone started, so now I'll show you another example. How to make distributed objects. So it's not a live demo because it would be a bit long to do it. Imagine you have a tips. Well, nowadays, of course, you don't use tips anymore, but could be any server. Well, for archiving, well, when you see the amount of data you can put on micro SD card, it's very impressive. Anyway. So imagine I have one computer here. Yeah. Yeah. That manages tapes. Okay. So first I define an abstract data type tape with pure means it's another categorization package. That means that there is no side effect. And well, the basic operation rewind read and write. Okay. So if I want to access a distributed object, I mentioned that I need a name server. So on a different partition, I have that name server here. So it's a remote call interface. So you know where it is. And it defines a pointer to that tips.instance to class. So it's a class wide type. A class type that encloses all descendants. And since it's a regular name server, you register a pointer to a tape under a certain name. You can find from a name of the pointer, the corresponding pointer and you can unregister it if you want. Now you have an implementation of that object. So a tape driver. And so you define your own tape if you want the driver, the concrete implementation of a tape drive. And so you redefine the procedure rewind, read and write. By the way, the overriding keyword here makes sure that you are actually redefining a method and not due to some type or anything else. Defining something new. You declare two tape objects here and you register those tapes under a certain name to the name server. So you send to the remote name server a pointer that through the network designates your two tape drives. And then a client, which is a normal program without any categorization, can declare two objects of that pointer. It will ask the name server to give the pointer that through the network designate those tape drives and use that as usual. Now, maybe you didn't notice that, but there is nothing in that example that refers to distribution except some pragmas here or there.  And normally you build your program by calling netmake or gpr build on your project file. All you have to do is call pognetdist on the configuration file. And it will recompile everything and that's all you need. Okay, oh, I've been even a bit earlier. We have five minutes for questions. Wow, so impressed. Yes, please. Go ahead. Okay. Well, there is it, of course. Oh, yes. So the question was about the communication, the necessity of a firewall and problems with firewalls and so on. Of course, you need some middleware. And I was afraid of being a bit short in time so I didn't put the slide, but there is a middleware that's provided. I want to show you here in that window you have the middleware ready. Okay. And when the middleware starts, it gives you a magical string that somewhere here. Okay. And you have to set some environment variable to that magical string so that you have to boot from something from somewhere, of course. Now, of course, that middleware must be accessible from your partition. So, of course, if you have firewalls in the middle, actually, I intended to make the demo a bit more impressive by having one of the partitions running on my computer at Isilemolino near Paris. Okay. And through, of course, a VPN. But it happens that the Wi-Fi here, there is a firewall that does not let the VPNs. Okay. So I had to make it local. Okay. Normally, it would have been even better because it, well, trust me, I'm sorry. I'll come to my office in Isilemolino. I can show you that it's exactly the same thing if one of the partitions is running Linux since the TED of Windows. Okay. It works exactly the same. But, of course, you don't get rid of all the problems inherent with network. Okay. Another question. Okay. If it's not available when you start, you have an exception and the partition doesn't start. Okay. If you lose it, well, actually, the middle of... Maybe the ADACO people could answer that better. But the middleware allows you to exchange the IP addresses of the various partitions. I'm not sure that it plays a role once it's completely started. No. Okay. Well, it's a very specialized domain. So you have two or three guys at ADACO that know the answer and you just trust them. There is an exception that's intended for communication problems in the network interface. Yes, I can mention that now. All communications have to go through a dedicated package called system.rci. And that package and the implementation of that package is in charge of the transportation layer. And the standard makes it very explicit that you are allowed to provide your own implementation on that package. It means that if your compiler supports that annex and you have some proprietary networks, safety, critical, whatever, then you just have to rewrite the body of that package to handle all the communications. But the compiler does not know about the transportation layer. So you can use various networking solution with that. Okay. Something else, yeah? No. No, it's special to the Poly Orb implementation. Oh, yes, I was talking about that and I wondered somewhere else. But here the middleware I use is called Poly Orb. It's something that's provided by ADACO also. And it's called a schizophrenic middleware because it has several personalities in the same person at the same time. So it is a middleware for the distributed system annex. But at the same time, it's a Koba server and MME or something like that server and some other protocol. And it allows the simultaneous views of the same object. So you can declare a distributed object in Ada as a tag type. And from your C++ application, it will be viewed as a Koba class. Okay. So you can exchange data with different protocols and the middleware does a translation between the different views, different personalities of the middleware. Anything else? Okay. I think I'm writing time. Yeah. Okay. With pleasure. Now in Koba, you declare the types and it's intended for different applications that communicate through shared objects. And you hope that the ideal is the same on the various application. Ideal is the Koba language for defining the shared objects. But there is no cross checks, for example, that the various application use the same definition of your Koba object. Okay. In Ada, it's all compiled together with all the type controls that we are used to with Ada. So there is a guarantee that the data representation and the objects will be the same in all your partitions. But it's a single program split over several partitions. With Koba, it's more aware of having different programs that communicate through objects. There is a difference. Okay. Thank you for your attention.


So, you're having a lot of fun, but you're wondering how to push your generations to the next level, not a problem. The most important skill you need to have in the future is knowing what words to type in to get the results you want. Knowing what to type is directly correlated with your knowledge of art. The more you know about color theory, art history, art philosophy, the names of the masters that came before you, and the proper terminology and jargon for the different art styles, the more precise control you'll have over the AI. So it should not be a surprise that the people who ultimately benefit the most in the end are the real artists who understand the jargon, the proper terminology, the theory, the history, styles. These people overwhelmingly will be able to generate much better art than the people who just type in funny words. So I wanted to end this series with the most valuable information I could possibly share with you, which is a crash course in all the most famous artists, styles and terminology that you will need to know to master art regardless of whatever new AI gets developed in the future. Luckily for you guys, my entire family has been creating art their whole lives, many of which have gone to school and university and trained in traditional and modern art. And I have asked them to prepare a list of the most important artists and art styles that they think that you guys should know going forward into the future. And I'll be sharing that list with you guys in the final two videos of this series. So I hope you look forward to that. And as always, I hope you have a fantastic day and I'll see you around.


The Kadehy packing company makers of old Dutch cleanser and Dalrich is happy to bring you today's Nick Carter adventure transcribed This was done so that everyone connected with this program would be able to spend Christmas Day at home with their families and now New wonderful old Dutch cleanser the only cleanser made with activated seismite Invite you to stand by for Nick Carter master detective today's Nick Carter adventure starring Lon Clark The case of the phantom shoplifter brought to you by new wonderful old Dutch cleanser It is mid-afternoon a sergeant Matheson and Nick Carter in a speeding police car Turn into a street of cheap rooming houses You can understand Nick that Warren's specialty shop can't stand losing all those Expensive fur coats even if it is a big woman's store. You sure it's the work of shoplifters Sure, and we think Peggy Matthews the girl we're going to see is one of the shoplifters Any reason to pin it on her well one of these store detectives spotted her in the store this afternoon But you got away from him, but after she left Another fur coat was gone. He just found out where she lives Oh, yeah, we learned who she was from a beautiful set of fingerprints. She left on the plastic case. She'd been handling So I got a warrant to pick her up one suspicion How many fur coats are they lost Maddie? Oh, it doesn't know more Nick each of them worth over 3,000 bucks quite a lot. Yeah, must have been mink. They were what do you want, but who are you? This is my room and house on the land lady. We want to see Peggy Matthews. Yeah, what do you want Peggy for take a look at this badge? Couple of flat feet. Oh Okay, second floor turn right into the hall. Well, that's better Come on, Nick, right with you.  Thanks He said turn right at the top of the stairs This must be the room Don't hear anything Nick. Well with this warrant, we can go right in Hey doors a lot great Scott Someone move faster than we did Maddie. She's been strangled with one of her own nylon stockings In just a moment. We'll return to the case of the phantom shoplifter today's adventure with Nick Carter Maybe you were up way past midnight last night trimming the tree Wrapping last-minute packages planning wonderful surprises to greet your youngsters when they hopped out of bed at dawn this morning You see Christmas does get here even though the youngsters think it's slow and coming and you do somehow managed to get your thousand and one extra jobs done in time and Isn't it wonderful? Right now chances are you're all together the whole kit and caboodle of you with your Christmas tree lights Glimmering in the twilight your radio turned on a perfect opportunity for us to bring you this special message The makers of old Dutch cleanser are happy indeed for the privilege of bringing these radio programs into your home throughout the year Happy to that old Dutch cleanser itself is a trusted and helpful friend in so many of your homes We hope you've all had a wonderful wonderful Christmas day Never to be forgotten now back to the case of the phantom shoplifter today's adventure with Nick Carter brought to you by new Wonderful old Dutch cleanser Nick and Matty are back in the murdered girls room after unsuccessfully searching the house for the killer Several men from the homicide squad have just arrived and are going to work as Patsy Bowen I came as fast as I could Nick.  Oh, yeah, there's dead woman as Peggy Matthews She's a shoplifter was seen acting suspiciously in the Warren specialty store this afternoon just before another mink coat disappeared Is this the code here on the chair? No, we found that one in a clothes closet She bought it a month ago on a small first shop downtown now There's a label in the code and we found the store to check it. She paid $400 for it 400 for this rabbit skin. Yeah. Oh, she got stuck, but good. That's why I wanted you to see it Patsy. I needed your opinion. Oh Hey, Nick, look, I've been thinking maybe we ought to bring the manager of the fur department of Warren's specialty shop Down here to look at her just to be sure this is the girl he saw huh? Good idea, Matty. Come on Patsy We'll bring her back here soon as we can Matty So this girl was murdered before you could talk to her a mr. Carter, that's right mr. Dodd You sure you'd recognize her again? Oh, yes This particular girl snooped around the fur department for some time although I didn't see her take anything But you kept an eye on her. I am afraid I didn't you see I was very busy with miss Robards miss Robards She's a fashion expert on one of the women's magazines. That's right Bad this girl is dead mr. Carter one of our most expensive fur coats was missing right after she left the store Maybe she could have told us what happened to it. Well, we want to know where that coat went We'll have to find out some other way mr. Dodd The final curtain has fallen for Peggy Matthews Mr. Dodd is this the woman you saw in your department store this afternoon. Yes, Sergeant I'm certain of it. No question at all. Uh-huh Well, okay, mr. Dodd and thanks for coming down. Oh, perhaps you now run your back to the store Mr. Dodd we want to get a full description of the stolen coats anyway Can we leave at once mr. Carter? You see miss Robards is waiting for me to get back We've been in conference all afternoon, but there's still a lot left to do sure sure We'll even just a moment. Hey Matty. Yeah, Nick. Did you dig up anything when we were gone? Well, just one thing Nick the landlady broke down Finally told me that Bruno Sealy has come here to see Peggy a couple of times recently Bruno Sealy, yeah Smart character I'll have a talk with him shortly. Oh, uh, mr. Dodd Would you give me your expert opinion as to the value of this fur coat? It belonged to Peggy Hmm. He didn't shop lift that from our store, Miss Bourne. I had roughly guess it was worth about a hundred and fifty dollars Well, Nick, I guess I'm a fairly good judge of fur values Fatsy means that she told us Peggy Matthews was cheated when she paid $400 for this coat, Mr. Dodd You just backed up her opinion. I see well, I don't think miss Matthews minds being cheated anymore Shall we go? Miss Bourne, Mr. Carter, this is Audrey Robard the fashion expert I told you about come on miss Robard How do you do? How do you do miss Robard? I I'm familiar with your work in the magazine Lovely. Well, I thank you miss Bourne. Oh, Nick just look at all these gorgeous fur coats hanging on the racks here Hey, mr. Dodd, tell me just how many coats that shoplift is taken from this store why I can't say exactly I don't have the figures the price is on the coats I mean could anyone tell they were getting the best just by looking at the price tags? Oh, no indeed each coat is marked with a code number only the sales lady knows what it sells for and you have No idea how the coats were smuggled out of here none at all Mr. Carter store detectives assigned to this department a spotted shoplift is dawdling about follow them to the street and stop them But although we found a number of stolen items there wasn't a single fur coat Well, I don't think you're too careful with your coats mr. Dodd all the time We've been talking there's been a lovely coat lying right there on that display table with no one near it Oh, that's my coat miss Bowen. I threw it down there as I came in and it's not as nice as it looks from here Well, you've had it a good many years Audrey nothing lasts forever.  Warren the owner of the store? He might be able to tell you things I couldn't a good idea. Is he here? Well, it's almost closing time, but I'm sure he's here. He never leaves until later than this His office is upstairs fourth floor in the rear good. I'll go see him. We need every scrap of information we can get Sit down sit down both of you. Thank you, mr. Warren I don't mind telling you mr. Carter.  Warren Just how many coats have been stolen 15 and the cheapest of them retail for $3,100 say they really made a hole didn't they over $50,000 miss Bowen your store detectives haven't seen anything suspicious. Well, there is one rather odd thing What's that? Lately we seem to be attracting an unusual number of professional shoplifters many of them are known to our detectives But they haven't caught them with anything. Well, just small miscellaneous items miss Bowen never anything really valuable There's no way of smuggling the coats out to a crooked employee perhaps absolutely not mr. Carter Why we've checked that thoroughly yet. We're completely at a loss to know how the coats get out of the store Well, thanks mr. Warren. Oh, not at all mr. Carter not at all now Please don't hesitate to call on me for any sort of help at any time I will and we may have news for you soon good. I got one clue that may lead us somewhere In fact, we're going to see the man in question right now This is the place Nick see Lee's bargain outlet. Oh, that's what he called Wonder how legitimate of business it really is well Bruno's already done one stretch as a fence for stolen goods Anybody's in the position to direct the shoplifters ring Bruno see Lee's the man. Well, Maddie. Come on. Let's see what he has to say Nick all the fur coats that were stolen were the very best quality one According to mr. Warren they were but Nick is Peggy Matthews got jipped on the coachy boy for herself How would she know enough to pick out a really good one the price that weren't on the coat? Hey That's a very good thought betty if Peggy got cheated so badly when she bought her own fur coat It's proof. She didn't know good furs from bad. Hey, that's right. Oh Patsy it takes a woman to notice a clue like that And if I'm right Peggy had nothing to do with stealing any of those coats not unless someone pointed out the good ones Do her first. Yeah, Nick. Well, come on. Let's go in and see if silly can throw some light on this Oh, hello anybody here. Hello. Hey Bruno, Bruno Hey, Bruno Maybe he's in the back room Yeah, it could be Hey, the back room is empty too What's that sounds like somebody in pain? It's coming from inside that closet Great Scott it's Bruno. He's been stabbed. Is that Just a minute. He's trying to tell us something Bruno I'm Nick Carter. Who stabbed you. I don't know his name Not as real name Yes, Bruno see much on it See much on it much Burnett All right, Bruno in my pocket key most office box Clark Street station Nick I better call an ambulance. There won't be necessary. Maddie.  We'll see what happens in just a moment There are no words for Christmas The reef of Holly on your front door the mistletoe the glow of candles in your window Yes, and the stately Christmas tree brilliant with lights shimmering with tinsel the dinner for gifts and gay wrappings All these are merely frosting on the cake Outward symbols of the deep inner meaning Christmas really has for us There are no words for Christmas Just as there are no words for the love you feel for a Towsel-haired youngster the joy you feel with a close friend the warmth you feel when you say Merry Christmas May this day be so filled with everything fine everything good that you'll never forget a single golden moment of it That's the Christmas wish to you from the makers of famous old Dutch cleanser Now back to the case of the phantom shoplifter today's adventure with Nick Carter brought to you by old Dutch cleanser After summoning the homicide squad to take over at Bruno's store Matty Nick and Patsy have hurried to the Clark Street branch of the post office where they have just opened Bruno's post office box Yeah, there's a package here, but Don't weigh anything. Well open it up. Yeah, that's a Bruno wanted it to do. Yeah. Yeah Well, will you look at this what in the world is a sergeant a sting of beads Especially Dollars yeah, I don't get it. Let me see that wrapper. Will you? Yeah, sure This package is postmarked early this afternoon at a postal substation near the Warren store And this necklace was stolen from that store today and mail to Bruno. Yeah Probably from a mailbox right in the store One to the branch post office on the fourth floor. See it's a smart idea You nab something small have an envelope all addressed you just slip the loop inside seal it and mail it Yeah, but what is all this to do with stolen for a coat? I don't know Patsy But we can be sure of one thing Nick the murders of Peggy and Bruno are tied up together somehow And to one man, Matty Bruno said it was a man that we didn't know who he was I'm just who is this Marge Barnett Bruno wanted us to see she used to be a pretty good confidence woman Patsy Confidence woman you yeah, that's a lot of these conferences women turned to shoplifting when they began losing their nerve Well, they look look I can get her address from our records Nick and you and Patsy can go and see huh sure Matty I'm going back to Bruno Sealy's store. I want to finish my report Okay, Matty Patsy now see much better hurry because the murderer may have the same idea Oh Nick, this is Marge Barnett's apartment. Here's the name below the bell Hope she's home The police certainly keep an up-to-date file on crooks, don't they? Sgt. Matheson got this address for us known you a few minutes. Yeah, Patsy people only knew how Yes, hello Marge. I Thank you pardon. Am I supposed to know you I know you you must have slipped to turn to shoplifting. Who are you? I'm Nick Carter. Oh Nick Carter, huh? Well, what do you want? Should we talk out here in the hall? Everybody can listen Come on in Snoopin coppers give me a pain Thanks This is Patsy Bowen my assistant. Hmm. Do you want to make a copper to her too? You ought to be ashamed. Well, I like it Marge Bruno's dead Bruno dead. He was murdered Marge So is Peggy Matthews. Who did it? Suppose you tell me? Oh Oh Goodbye Carter. I'm not talking about nobody. Yeah, wait Marge wait Bruno was stabbed when we found him. He's still had a few seconds to live and the last thing he told us Was to come and see you Bruno said that didn't he? He did. I Wonder why maybe he was trying to save your life Hey, come on. Tell me how'd you get into this anyway? No, I'm getting old Carter As you know, I've been everything from a cheap shield of the operator of a big store from the best rope he ever saw to a plane Subway dealer you've been what in English Patsy She means she fronted for con men and rose to become the operator of an important con man con game herself She worked from the top as the smart pretty girl who brings in the suckers Being a subway dealer means she was reduced to dealing cards from the bottom of the deck. Well, it sounds almost Fascinating if I could understand it how many of these small Inexpensive items that you steal put into a package and mail to Bruno Marge They are wise to that. I thought it was pretty good. Yeah, it was until fur coats and murder got mixed up in it Where'd a fur coats come in? Look Bruno Pager to steal these small articles for him and paid you more than you could get anywhere else didn't they? Yeah He said he had a particular customer for a lot of that junk. All right Just what orders did he give you well? I never did understand it Carter We were supposed to show up at Warren's specialty shop at a certain time and just Wander around those instructions include visiting the fur department. Oh, yeah Yeah, well, we had a pass through the fur department on our way to the counter where there's certain kind of glass junk was sold and you Lingered in the fur department what woman wouldn't she's got a point there, Nick Yeah, and this business is getting a little clearer. Well, they helped me. That's everything I know. Well, thanks, Marge All right, Petsy. Come on. We'll make another call on Hugh Warren who owns the store I think we can do something for him if he'll do something for us first.  Warren. It's perfectly all right, mr. Carter perfectly all right I hope we're not interrupting your dinner, mr. Warren dinner. Why miss Bowen? It's after nine o'clock. Oh, so it is You've been pretty busy. Well, have you learned anything enough? So I think we're on the right track, mr. Warren Good good. We'd like a key to your store and permission to go inside tonight. I want to look around a bit Why I think that could be arranged But a word of warning mr. Carter this store is wired for burglar alarms not only the outer doors But many places inside the store for example the door to the cashier's office will flash an alarm if it has entered without a key And there are other things to look out for too. We'll be careful, mr. Warren I think you'll have no trouble if you follow my directions now if you have a pencil I'll give you a list of things to watch out for Golly, Nick Never realized how long some of store like this can be after everyone's gone. Yeah Wonder where the watchman are the Warren said there'd be two of me here. We haven't run into either one of them yet It's positively eerie in here with just our two flashlights for company. I see According to mr. Warren's directions we turn right here Yeah, that's what I'm looking for Hey white surrounding oh Nick look at all the fur coats dozens of them all second hand bad Huh? Oh, yes, so they are but some of them are still lovely. I know I Well, that's funny Nick What's funny remember how I fought for a minute this afternoon that Audrey Robards coat was a new one Yeah, what about it? Well, this coat here is her coat the one I saw this afternoon. You sure positive I took a close look at it as we went by and I noticed this funny jagged tear in the lining I'd know it anywhere good for you Betsy. Now. I know I'm right. What do you mean by that? He means you have good eyesight and an excellent memory miss Bowen Robards don't move either of you my father taught me to use a gun when I was a girl I see Jason Dodds with you showing you all those coats he has in his arm. No doubt keep your hands up Carter You too miss Bowen Yes, Jason and I stole those missing coats We knew you'd find out so we came back tonight to clean out the place and we're going to You can't stop us Carter Jason had his own keys and he's arranged for the watchman to be in another part of the store for a while Too bad we came in just when we did.   I didn't throw you like that. I couldn't help it He moved so fast when I reached over never mind they're headed for the cashier's office to phone We can stop that the switchboards right over there. I can even find it in the dark and then find it if we can stop them from calling for help We've got them cornered I know you're in that cashier's office Audrey let's get out of here not before I take care of Carter and the girl. Oh, how are you gonna do it? They're in the cashier's office, and that's the only door right ahead of us. Yes, but oh stop sniveling We've got Carter's gun miss Bowen dropped her handbag, and I found her gun in it Yes, that means there are on week We can smash the glass panel in the door of the cashier's office and get them that way No, Audrey grab one of those chairs and throw it through the glass I guess you're right here goes That's Carter You can come outside and get it or I'll come in after you it makes no difference to me Nick and Patsy are trapped in a small office without weapons and with the telephone cut off We'll see what happens in just a moment Once again the makers of old Dutch cleanser and the entire cast and the director of your Nick Carter program Join in adding their warmest Christmas wishes to the many you have already received We hope that today has been a truly beautiful Christmas for you and that the coming new year will be filled with an abundance of pleasure Prosperity and peace Now for the conclusion of the case of the phantom shoplifter today's adventure with Nick Carter brought to you by new wonderful old Dutch cleanser Cautiously Audrey Robart moves up to the broken glass on the door reaches inside and unlocks it Jason Dodd hovers on certainly behind her Carter are you coming out? All right if you won't come out. I'm coming in There aren't many places they can hide please hurry, but at least 10 minutes since I smashed that door you were so darn careful.  What kept me listen, it's not 10 minutes since the alarm came in the headquarters. What alarm are you talking about the alarm you send in this robot? What I made you smash the glass panel in the door to the cashier's office when the glass broke a burglar alarm went off automatically in police headquarters You turned yourselves into the police All right, Nick give with the details you say it was worked with second-hand coats, huh? That's it Maddie Miss Robart to go out and buy a cheap second-hand fur coat worth practically nothing Oh, then when she came to the store to see Dodd which was practically every day She'd leave the old coat and walk out with a new mink coat How she was well known in the store so no one ever thought of suspecting her and when she came in with the cheap coat She'd carry it over her arm so wouldn't show how cheap it really was What a racket and dad would put the old coat with the used coats the store had for sale and Fix the records to account for it and another nice new valuable mink was missing without a trace And the shoplifters were just part of a setup to confuse us on it Yeah maddie Dodd arranged that with Bruno the shoplifter stole some small object and mailed it to Bruno's post office box right from inside the Store in previously prepared envelope just so we'd think the professional shoplifters were stealing the furs and they killed Peggy Matthews because she got wise and wanted a cut don't admit of that he killed Bruno too Yeah, when we connected Bruno on Peggy I suppose Dodd was afraid of how much Bruno might know so we had to put him out of the way, too So he sent Patsy and you to see mr. Warren so you'd be out of the way while he killed him. Yeah Well, I think we better let him lock up the store. Oh in just a minute. Hey Patsy. Where you're going into the fur department? The woman's privilege to look at those beautiful mink coats even if she can't have one Quarter come on come on Patsy. You had enough lemonade and hot dogs. Let's go right in the carousel Oh, no, I want to have my handwriting analyzed in this machine handwriting Hey Patsy remember that case down in the Smokies Oh, do I how could I ever forget Sheldon Corrie the man who wrote letters to his uncle just so he could porridge a will And will you ever forget how the sheriff trapped us in the cemetery when I was trying to have a look at a dead man's hand Wouldn't that make an exciting adventure to tell about next week? Yeah, I would at that And I'll call it the case of the perfect pen money It's been only a few short years since del rich margarine was first introduced But in those years del rich has won many many friends more than any other margarine in fact and At this holiday season the makers of del rich want to thank you most sincerely In many homes del rich has played an important part in your big and bountiful Christmas dinner today We hope this has been the merriest Christmas you've ever had and that next year's will be even better Nick Carter master detective is presented each week at this same time by the Cuddehy packing company It is produced and directed by jock McGregor and is copyrighted by Street and Smith Publications Incorporated Lon Clark is starred as Nick and Charlotte Manson is featured as Patsy Ed Latimer plays Matty Today's transcribed adventure was written by Norman Daniels with original music played by Henry Silverne This program is fictional and any resemblance to actual persons living or dead is purely coincidental This is Michael Fitz Morris saying when minutes count use new wonderful old Dutch cleanser This is the mutual broadcasting system


So, typically, prior to COVID-19, we were selling all of our products internationally. We had chum salmon that was taking planes and flying to France to be consumed in Paris. We sold a lot of our sockeye salmon to Japan. We had a significant amount of our spa prawns that were being sold to China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, also into Japan, also into the U.S. And when COVID hit and we saw that disruption in the supply chain, particularly around restaurants, it was really a blow to everyone, of course, in food. So that was kind of when we pivoted and we started looking at local distribution direct to consumer. The biggest motivation has been to keep the doors open and keep everyone working in the plant and, more importantly, working on our boats. People were quite concerned at the beginning that maybe we would be shutting, maybe they would be without jobs, and, in fact, we were actually able to rise up and get all our employees working together and meet new demand areas. We started a program called Tied to Table, and that was local distribution for local people. We started an online platform where people could order seafood that we were producing in season, and we would deliver it door-to-door for them. My message to the people of BC would be to keep sourcing products that are products and companies that are made in BC, by people from BC. It's okay to ask where your fish or where your beef or where your lettuce comes from because it's worth it to know that there's a traceability factor. Finest at Sea has been a pioneer in traceability for the better part of 20 years, and I'm really happy to see that people are catching on and fighting out that it's worth it. I think in light of all these changes, what I'm most proud of are our Vancouver Island communities, how they've pulled together, how we've seen people on the floor of our plant work hard to help propel us through this, to see more people caring about their neighbors and doing what they can to stay in this together. When COVID-19 first hit us in the early spring, we had to adjust our production schedules to fit what our consumers were telling us. What our consumers were telling us is that they want to come for a one-stop shop and be able to feed their family for one week. So instead of doing our usual restaurant-fillet production, we gave more of our production into making ready-to-eat portions and ready-to-eat dinner items that are available daily. If there are lessons from what we've experienced in COVID, is that opportunities exist, but they might not look like they did before. For many years, BC has been exporting some of the nicest seafood in the world to other parts of the world. And one of the solutions that we've found is British Columbians want to stick together. They want to help each other out. We're very, very grateful for everything you've done to support us through this time. Thank you for continuing to buy our products. Thank you for all the praise that you have given us for delivering quality seafood to your door. Thank you.


Mae'r flos o'r politicau yn ysgolwch, ac rydyn ni'n deud yw ymwneud yma ymwneud y dychydig fel ymwneud yma ym Mhwneud AAPC yw'r prymys yn Lega Stat. Ffwrdd yw'n ddylai'r cyddiannod o'r cyd-diwyd yn cael ei ddweud â'r cyfrannu. A oedd yma yma rydyn ni'n cyfrannu o'r cyfrannu o'r cyfrannu o'r ymwneud, roedden nhw yng Nghymru Eltrwyr Cymysio yng Nghymru i'r Argymacydd yng Nghymprifysgarol i'r handshwyth. Yn yw sgwpeth ar gyfer gyntaf o Politik, 10,269 Elucrôl yng Nghymprifysgarol yn cy들wyr yn gyfer yegwyr 18 gyfnashydd fel Argymysgrun yn Ynghyrgyn Meddwl, mae'n gwaith yr Ynghyr Maciano Cymysg ynghyrch Lleidr i Lleidrwn Newydd yr Adreychul Cymysiant yng Nghymprifysgarol y cyfathod am y teintydd a be'n gael athlaedd yn y schim inflammatory cymdeilig, plant oes cyfathod y cyfridwyd Cymru cofennig, unig, ilni a dweud, a yn rhan o hollol rhan o'r cyfathod a'r cyfridwyd o'r hyn yw, mae ymaín bynthol i'r gweithio ar y link yw'r ffordd cyffordd a'u cyfriddwyr a'r gweithio a'u gweithio ar y link. Yn y bwysig rydyn nhw, mae'n rhan oes o'r bwysig o'r gweithio ar y link a ddweud, and other security agencies to ensure a hitch-free election. Joining us now to discuss this is Dr Adenior Teller. Thank you very much Mr Adenior for joining us. Thank you for having me. Great. Let's start by talking about the improved INEC of course. Many people have talked about the beavers and a number of states being a litmus test for the upcoming elections in Akiti State and Oshun State. Now, there are obviously concerns because we saw some hiccups. I was also in Anambra during that election and we saw that some beavers were not working. Some of the core members were unable to use those beavers. But let's generally look at the readiness of INEC for Akiti. Okay, thank you very much. The commission is point and we are fully determined to conduct akiti election in an improved electoral process. And this will be seen in many diverse way in respect of the steps we have taken so far. For instance, in the aspect of electoral personnel, the security issues, the materials and etc. All right, let's talk about the issues that we have seen. Political parties have continuously been dragging each other to court saying that this is not the rightful candidate. But of course INEC's duty is to take whoever the leadership of the party says is the candidate or the flag bearer for the party. Has INEC been able to make sure that all the areas where these polling centres, including the new ones, the polling units that have been added to the ones that were there, will be fully secured. Now, we already know that normally we have police officers who are not armed at these polling units. But generally, can you say that Akiti State will be safe, secure and we will not have any electoral hiccups come that day? Looking at the state of affairs right now within the state. Thank you very much. From the commission aspect, in a recent time, the commission has succeeded in bringing up and hiding a program that is specifically meant for the election violence and mitigation advocacy tools. And the whole idea is to identify early signal and relate this to the relevant stakeholders and the security personnel in an attempt to devise and appropriate mitigations to curb electoral violence. Secondly, about two weeks ago, the commission embarked on a program which is being anchored by the Electoral Institute. And this is being taken by the security operatives, cascaded in the Electoral Security Training. And the workshops was basically on how to mitigate, to articulate, mitigate against violence as well. What's the biggest challenge that INEC is facing right now, or would you think would be the biggest challenge for you in the Akiti elections come next month? Do you have any other challenges aside from the hiccups that technology might pose? Again, the transmission of results is a thing that Nigerians are really holding onto for dear life, being that this would be one of the guarantees for free for incredible elections. How certain are you that these beavers will work even in some areas where might not be necessarily adored Akiti? You could recall it that we had an election in FCT February 2022, and in 2021 we had elections in November respectively, and I was fortunate to participate in the two elections. I can only tell you that from what we learned so far, we are engaging and we have done that even here in Akiti. Engaging the core members, we have invested them and engaging them in a root training, which is we call it root training, and it's an intensive training that's planned for a period of five weeks instead of three days before the election. So they could even undo the beavers in an appropriate manner.  So we never have said any problem as it is now. Let's look at the issue of INEC officials, whether it be the adhoc staff or the main staff. Many have also queried the steadfastness of INEC officials. We've also seen INEC officials being charged to court on election practices. Is there also some form of training on electoral malpractices by standing and watching? I know that there's a big issue with vote buying at polling units, even though INEC has said that this is out of their hands, but is there any form of upgrade that INEC has come up with to help with the issue of vote buying and electoral malpractices? On the issue of the electoral officials, you will discover that the newly introduced devices being put in place by the commission will not give a room for short parties to take place. Then besides, we have given enough training to our staffs, and we are not even giving them to the whole world that they will be satisfied with working as seriously because achieving set goals by giving the credible election to the electorate. On this issue of vote buying, we have embarked on series of training and enlightenment to the electorate to know that they cannot even say them safe. They have to choose freely who will determine who will occupy the seat for the next four years. How well do you think that that training, I mean I saw that you did a road show to try to educate the populace on what should happen during the elections, but I also covered the enamber elections and I saw a lot of vote buying happening across the different political parties. Some came in form of food, some came in form of snacks, some actually gave food and money inducing people who were on that line to vote for the different political parties. Again, how do we dissuade that? I am asking because the road shows are great, the sensitisation campaigns are good, but how effective are they in changing the mindset of the average Nigerian? We are in 2022 and 2023 just around the corner where we are going to have the general elections. How effective do you think all that you have done is? The road show is of two ways. The first intends about the disease for the electorates to pick up the permanent vote tax card that we have succeeded in distributing to the 16 local governments. The second aspect is for them to come at a mass and vote so that they vote who can't and they choose their candidate rightfully. So you are saying that this is very effective or not? You are just saying, you just told me what you do, but do you think that what you've done so far is going to be effective? It would reflect in the attitude of the voters when they come out on that day to vote. That was my question. Definitely because actually every day the people that have voted for the card would normally give the details of the number of those who have collected the PBC. That is an assurance in the way that they are doing it. So sorry, has there been an improvement? And what is going to be can't. I am sorry, Mr Taylor. Has there been an improvement? The training given to the core members, the training given to the electoral officials, the core officials and others who normally rule the numbers out on constant basis so that there won't be any error or any error of doubting as regards the exercise that we are looking at. So can you say that there has been an improvement? I am so sorry to speak over you, Mr Taylor, but I am going to ask this question again. Can you tell me if there has been an improvement in the number of people who are picking up their voters card compared to the previous election that you've had? Definitely. The reason why we have an improvement on the number of people who are picking up their voters card is that it is not of the step being taken by the commission. For instance, we engage the civil society organisation, the faith-based organisation, the market domain outreach, and the elderly ones in our respective villages who are really involved to know the importance and they should know that the panel voters card is so central to this exercise. Without being collecting it, they cannot even pick their candidates rightfully. Well, I want to say thank you, Dr Adelian Ron Taylor, is the resident electoral commissioner for Ekiti State and he's speaking to us live from Adelian. Thank you so much for speaking with us, Dr Taylor. Thank you for having me. I appreciate it. Well, thank you all for staying with us and we have come to the end of the show tonight. Plus politics returns next week on Monday as we continue to talk for development. But even as we are in the campaign season, don't forget to know your rights, know that you need to get your PVC. It's two more days before INAG wraps up. Make sure you get your PVC and get ready for the elections. I am Mary Annacol. Have a great evening. That winning the political system has been a disappointment and a failure to the country. And if youth rise up, if people rise up against us, they will be completely justified because we don't play according to the rules. We don't have rules that are followed. And we do things. For instance, let me go back and talk about the issue of political education. Why would somebody who wants to benefit from the illiteracy of the people, of the lack of capacity of the people, give political education to the people? The political parties are not interested in people who ask questions. They are not interested in people who are independent. They are not interested in people who know what is right. That is why I said we in the National Assembly should open up the political space so that people that seek to contest elections and I deny for whatsoever reason and contest elections as independent candidates. A system that allows people to pay their delegates or have delegates the time it will become the flag bearer who, if a person spends all that money to get to that particular office, does not think that it is accountable to the people. It thinks it is accountable first to himself and his pocket. And then to his cronies who got in there. So you have a crisis in terms of accountability because not really. The question says, when you get there, you're supposed to go there and make laws. But the first thing you need to do is to recoup how much you'll spend, first and foremost. Then try and get some more money to bolster your finances for the next election. Most Nigerians who are savvy recognize that both the PDP and APC are one and the same party. And that in 20, 20 years, both parties have inflicted so much damage to the possibilities of the Nigerian dream that there was need to think alternative. But you see people are very slow to adapt into a new way. People sometimes fear the unknown. But in the case of Nigerian politics, they are particularly wary of the fact that what is called structure tends to determine election outcomes. We were supported in where the people who made the mistake, rather than the person. He didn't change. It turned out that President Bahai had always just wanted to be president. And the governance was not his priority. There were difficult choices to make. There was no time to make those decisions. He took all his time to make the wrong decisions. And he allowed the country to drift when he should have exercised a firm grip on the nation, governed with sensitivity, inclusiveness, some level of privacy, and lead, literally lead, rather than just be delegated as possible. So it turned out that many of us who supported him were wrong. He wasn't. And it turned out that he just wanted to be president. And as far as he was concerned, that was all to me. Nothing will happen to Okorocha. It's all about the administration of impunity. Okorocha will play the script by the time it comes out of EFCC confinement. He'll probably withdraw a candidacy like a good boy. And he would, of course, like every other one once in a country, we've heard it from Adam O'Shiomole. Join us and you are immune. He's one of the foundation members of APC. So can anyone expect that anything will happen to him? All the years saying is that in the moment, he is required to act in a manner that is inconsistent with his own choice. And when he finally understands that he has to play according to the script, he'll put him on the back, he'll go back to the chambers of the Senate. That was the Senate of the February Republic.


How about when, if you want to kind of talk to a man about what turns you on more? Do you have any specific tips about how to approach that conversation in a way that doesn't seem awkward or strange or weird? Yeah, I call it the sandwich and it's praising him for something that he does well already. Like I said before, oh it turns me on so much or it makes me really wet when or makes me juicy when, so set him up to win of what you want more of and then put the other side of the sandwich on. I'm just so lucky that I have the most amazing boyfriend in the world. So for example, in the actual love making moment, you can say, oh I just really love it when you touch my arm. What would make me so happy is if you touched it 1,000 times slower while looking at me in my eyes.  And you can use that template for anything that you want. Note that if you get curt or crunchy or judgmental and go, oh, don't do that or stop that or hey, when you do that, he's going to go and the intimacy, the connection is gone and he's going to be more timid in trying new things and there's always going to be sort of something in this space there. So it takes great courage when you're vulnerable and open and out of control to be kind and to be tender and invitational. It takes practice but the outcome is so worth it if you could just take a beat. You're my voice going sandwich girl, do the sandwich and you're like, okay, say something kind because he wants to please you and every woman is different and every woman is different during different times of the month so there's no proper way to do it even if you got it right on Thursday. Next Thursday, her body is different. She's in a different part of her cycle, it's probably not going to work or she had something go bad at work that day or you know, we're different all the time. So for him, I always coach him to see women as a mystery and that you never know how to do it and to be very aware and ask her questions and then for the ladies, I say be verbal, be verbal in your moans, be verbal in the way you express in your body what works for you and praise, praise, praise. And then even the next day you can text him or say something like remember last night when you did such and such and just walk away. He'd be like, okay, okay, note to self, all right, she likes that. So there's just a plethora of ways to praise him to do what you want. You just have to have the courage to start talking about it.


Well everybody, we're here now with Ross Blotcher. Oh no, Ross and Carrie. How's it going Ross? Oh, very good. Thank you. Glad to be here in Vegas finally. Very cool. And we're actually being joined at the Hash House of Go-Go. We're having one of our excursion breakfasts, which by the way is one of the cool things about TAM is that people just get together and go on these excursions to go do fun stuff. Very social aspect. Yeah, yeah. I think the main fun of TAM is that you get to meet a lot of people, perhaps that you've been talking to online all year. You get to see them in person. I listen to a lot of podcasts. I don't just make a podcast. Maybe 20 of them or something. And there's a lot of people. I listen to your podcasts. A lot of people I get to see in person that I listen to all year long. So yeah, it's great. And then we do fun stuff. We're going out to the pool. We're going out to movies. We're getting together for breakfast. We're playing card games. It's good fun. Good times, yeah. So how many years have you been coming to TAM? This would be my fourth year. Because I went to 6, 7, 8, 9. Oh, hey, fifth year. All right. Very cool. All right. Half a decade now. Yeah. Wow. That's impressive. I didn't even realize I'd been here that many times. But yeah, yeah. It's totally worth it. I look forward to it every year.  Who wants that? Now, tell me, you guys are doing a workshop too, right? Yeah. So we'll be presenting with a host of Monster Talk and a few others. So Kerry and I from Ono Ross and Kerry will be talking about our investigation technique and kind of comparing and contrasting with other investigation techniques, kind of how to get on the inside, find out what people believe from the source by kind of going undercover, if you will. Very nice. Now, I know that you don't like to talk about your upcoming investigations very much until the actual podcast is released, but I promise I won't tell anybody what's coming up next. Oh, now that we're on video. Yeah. Well, you know, it's not that I don't like talking about it. It's that Kerry doesn't like me talking about it. Yeah, I don't know how much this will be edited or what, but let's see. Well, I'll say we had a fun one with a fringe religious group performing a certain service and we're actually, I'm featured on a 60 minutes video in Australia, but we haven't publicly talked about this investigation yet. It's just it's on the web somewhere. We'll be joining another major religion soon. Another door-to-door religion, let's say that. Very nice. That gives you something. If you guys want to get more of Ross, just fly on over to Australia and check out 60 Minutes. Until then, check out Ono Ross and Kerry. It's also on the web, but yeah, totally. Yes, check out Ono Ross and Kerry, Onopodcast.com. Very cool. Ross, thank you for joining us. Thank you, Christopher.


Today we're going to be talking about a very important topic, patient blood management versus transfusion safety. So today I'm very happy to have Sherri Azawa with us today, a leader in patient blood management. Sherri, thank you so much for taking the time to be here with us today. All right, thank you for having me, it's a pleasure. Would you care to briefly introduce yourself? Sure, and thank you for the introduction already. So my name is Sherri Azawa, as you said. I am originally a critical care nurse by training, but I have spent the last 25 years in the field of patient blood management. Most of my career is spent at Englewood Health in Englewood, New Jersey, where we built probably one of the best known and largest patient blood management programs in the world. But for the last 20 years, also have been a founding member and a leader in the Society for the Advancement of Patient Blood Management, which is the only professional society dedicated fully to promoting optimal patient blood management as a standard of care for all patients. So currently president of that organization and very involved in really the promotion of patient blood management as a really important safety and quality initiative for patients worldwide. Wow, well, great. And again, we're so happy with us today. So I do have a few questions to ask you. So we'll kind of jump right into it. So patient blood management and transfusion safety are terms that clinicians often use interchangeably. So my first question for you is, what is the difference between patient blood management and transfusion safety? Well, so I'll start by saying, Sarah, that both are important. So certainly if patients are clinically in need of transfusion, we want that to be done safely. So there's no opposition between the two topics, but really patient blood management has a different focus. Patient blood management is really patient centered. So we spend a lot of time in the medical settings, even as citizens talking about blood and transfusion and the availability and the safety of blood and blood components. And patient blood management is in no way intending to attack that or disparage that. But really we spend a lot of time talking about the therapy, but really what is the disease? So patient blood management really focuses on what happens when a patient's own blood fails, anemia and bleeding and taking the best care of a patient's own blood. So for some patients, that might mean that a transfusion of blood components is indicated, but really for most patients, we're able to do many things to treat their anemia and bleeding and for blood conservation that we really contribute to an improved outcome. And transfusion may not even come up as part of the question. So they really are two very separate things though, related. Well, why is patient blood management often preferred to transfusions? And how could patient blood management programs reduce the number of transfusions? Yeah, it's really a really good question. And it's an important one because we want things that are really actionable and things that can be put into operation, right? By healthcare, individual providers and systems. And what is wonderful about patient blood management is that it really hits on some of the key quality and safety initiatives that are important to healthcare leaders throughout the world. So for example, taking good care of patients, anemia contributes to shorter lengths of stay to improve outcomes, to less complications if we treat their anemia both in the pre-hospital phase, just as an example. If we assertively treat bleeding appropriately and we are really on top of patients who are at risk for bleeding or when they are bleeding treating it with good goal directed therapy with good information, we know that their outcomes are better, that's almost obvious, right? But less death, less complications, better safety profiles, and actually less expense as well. So patient blood management really is a win-win for whoever's looking in any hospital system. If you look at it financially, from an outcomes perspective and a safety perspective, the most importantly, but really ultimately a better patient outcome from patient blood management. Well, my next question for you is, what are the components involved in implementing PBM programs reliably in an organization? Well, it's like so many things that require change. We're really, when it comes to patient blood management, we're really inserting the idea of evidence-based practice around anemia bleeding, coagulation of blood conservation in an area where people didn't really think much about it. So there can be real challenges. So the default position for so many providers for years has been transfusion fixes the problem, right? Transfusion fixes anemia. If the hemoglobin number is low, we can make it higher with the transfusion if the patient is bleeding. Maybe they need a different kind of blood component. And not to say that that's not still clinically indicated for some patients, but what we're really saying is in patient blood management is shift the focus back to the patient and their problem and use an evidence-based strategy to treat those problems. That seems very logical and almost common sense, but really in many of these cases, we haven't applied evidence to these areas. So in a practical sense in a hospital or a hospital healthcare system, we need to treat that impetus for change. Why is this important? What is the driver behind it? And because PBM, as we say for short, really attaches to many of the initiatives that institutions are looking at, like decreasing cost, like decreasing morbidity and mortality, decreasing infection rates, decreasing length of stay. It really answers all of those questions. It checks all of those boxes that we know that it's a win. How to make it happen though, sometimes it's a little harder, right? From the idealized picture that we might have to really make it something that and can transpire. So what we know in patient blood management programs that are successful is that there are both clinical and executive leaders who recognize the value of taking this approach, again for patient safety and quality. And that cultural change can be hard, but the ultimate achievement of a successful patient blood management program really is worth it. So we clinical leadership, executive leadership, and then clinical champions in a variety of different service lines or areas, particularly the ones we're bleeding in anemia and sometimes transfusion come up very often. So areas like critical care medicine, hospital medicine, anesthesiology, hematology and oncology, trauma surgery. These are places where patients are constantly facing these issues of anemia, bleeding, coagulation, getting those folks involved and really looking to the guidance of their own society. So it isn't just Sherry Ozawa and Savam and isolated people, their own organizations and the American Colleges of Surgeons, the American Society of Anesthesiologists can't list all these organizations, but so many of them have spent time and communication efforts through their choosing wisely campaigns or other types of communication to their members to say, this is an issue we really need to look at, right? The way that transfusions are used as a default to fix a number instead of really paying attention to what's going on with patients. And if we do that well, we really contribute to the right kind of outcomes that we want. So engaging those clinical champions is really critical. Also our nursing colleagues, important advocates in patient education and again, patient-centered decision-making, which is really the other pillar of patient blood management. And then the other piece is really helping to create an informed patient population where patients pay attention to their own health status, their own anemia. Almost a third of women of childbearing age are anemic, right? It's the most common medical problem in the world with two billion plus people affected, yet we just don't pay much attention to it either as individual women or men or patients, but our healthcare providers don't need it. It just sort of seems like a normal part of doing business. So educating both providers and patients that there are aspects to patient blood management taking care of your own blood or a patient's own blood that we could do much better. And thus ultimately make their outcomes when they do have a need for medical intervention or surgical intervention, safer and better. Or even if they don't, more vitality, more health, feeling better outcomes for their babies and their children. So that's just an example of anemia, but really it's a combination of an informed medical group of professionals and an informed patient population. Right, okay, interesting. Well, the last question that I have for you is what can interested audiences anticipate in the patient blood management realm in the next few months or even years? I know that there's a lot going on, but I wanted to get your feedback back on that. Yeah, well, it's a great question. And there's a lot going on around the world in patient blood management. It's very exciting to us who've been at it for a few decades. There are many countries and even continents in the case of Australia and the EU that have mandated in a positive sense patient blood management initiatives across countries or continents as important patient safety and quality initiatives. A number of other individual countries and health systems, certainly lots of hospital systems around the world. So a lot of the appropriate noise around patient blood management and movement by both, again, governmental health agencies, ministries of health, as well as individual hospital systems and providers and professional societies of all kinds. And what's also very exciting is within the next few months, there will be the release of a document outlining the urgency of the need and compelling the member states of the World Health Organization to implement organized patient blood management programs. So the World Health Organization will be releasing a very clear document that encourages all its member states to do something about patient blood management. It may look different. The implementation is going to be a little bit different from country to country depending on the culture and the assets and the resources, but everyone can do something, although it may look different in different places. No matter what level of economic development of countries out there are parts of patient blood management that can be quickly and easily implemented to the benefit of their population. So we're really excited about that World Health Organization statement. And we really think it's gonna be a strong strategy to impact people's minds around the world. That's so great. How exciting. Well, good. It sounds like there's a lot of great work that will be coming out and rolling out in the next few months or so. And I hope that this interview is very helpful for our intended audiences. But Sherry, before we wrap up, is there any final comments that you'd like to give to those that are watching? Just to remember that we are taking care of a precious resource, which is the patient's own blood, which is really a liquid organ, right? And we sometimes don't treat the blood when the endothelium combined really is the organ. We don't treat it that way. We treat it as maybe an IV fluid as healthcare providers, but it's a very precious resource, our own blood. The blood that generous people donate, right? As part of the donor system is also precious resource. But we and patient blood management really focus on what we do with our own blood and treating it as an organ system with the same amount of respect and with the same amount of specialization, same amount of research, the same amount of academic integrity when we look into how to treat it better. So just elevating that concept of what blood really is to where it belongs, it's our body's liquid organ and we need to treat it as something very precious. Well, Sherry, thank you so much. I can't thank you again for taking the time to speak with me today. And we hope that this interview is very helpful for our audiences. And we look forward to all of the great work that will be rolling out soon. Thank you, Sarah. It's been a pleasure to be here. Thank you.