Welcome Weirdos, I'm Darren Marlar and this is Retro Radio Sunday on Weird Darkness. Each week I bring you a show from the golden age of radio, but still in the genre of Weird Darkness. I'll have stories of the macabre and horror, mysteries and crime, and even some dark science fiction. If you're new here, welcome to the show and be sure to subscribe or follow the podcast so you don't miss future episodes. And if you're already a member of this Weirdo family, please take a moment and invite someone else to listen in with you. Spreading the word about the show helps it to grow. If you're here because you're already a fan of nostalgic audio and print, you'll want to email WeirdDarkness at RadioArchives.com. When you do that, you'll get an instant reply with links to download full-length pulp audiobooks, pulp e-books and old-time radio shows for free. That email address again is WeirdDarkness at RadioArchives.com. Coming up it's an episode from Murder by Experts. Murder by Experts brought weekly episodes of crime and mystery that quickly birthed a loyal following of listeners and swiftly gained the respect and approval from the radio world at large. This show boasted the genius of Robert Arthur and David Cogan of the mysterious traveler fame along with famous mystery writers like John Dixon Carr and Brett Halliday who hosted the program. The program features stories by well-known writers at the time and chosen by guest experts like Craig Rice, Bruno Fisher, Lawrence Blockman and other household detective fiction names. This show was such an immediate favorite that it won the prestigious Edgar Award for the best radio drama in 1950 after being on the air for only six months. This was no surprise given the fact that the Arthur and Cogan collaboration had already achieved much success with other radio shows such as the Mysterious Traveler which had been previously nominated in 1949 and also writing episodes of The Sealed Book. The show only ran for two seasons though from June 1949 through December 1951 but it brought a total of 130 episodes. The episode we're about to listen to, Summer Heat, was broadcast June 13, 1949. A newly graduated lawyer awakens with a dead body in bed and has a very difficult time getting rid of that body.  Murder by Experts. The mutual broadcasting system presents Murder by Experts. With your host and narrator, Mr. John Dixon Carr, world-famous mystery novelist and author of the recently published bestseller The Life of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. This is John Dixon Carr. Each evening at this time, Murder by Experts brings you a story of crime and mystery which has been chosen for your approval by one of the world's leading detective writers. Those experts who are themselves masters of the art of murder and can hold density at its highest. Tonight's guest expert is Mr. Hugh Pentecost, author of many memorable thrillers who has selected a story by a young newcomer you'll do well to watch, Andrew Evans. Be very careful as you listen, for as Mr. Pentecost says to this thriller, the story has not only a twist but an unforeseen double twist which takes one completely by surprise. And now we present Summer Heat. Look now at the old Elms, the ivy-covered buildings on the campus of a small Midwestern university. It's a fine June afternoon when you hear laughter and the greetings of the reunion of the class of 36. Twelve years have passed but none of the members of the class seems much older to each other. There's the dark-haired Paul Baxter wandering rather strangely. There are two of his old friends, prosperous now, judged by their clothes and boisterous in greeting. Paul! Paul Baxter! You old rascal! It's sure good to see you again. Hello, Steve. Bert, this is a surprise. Why don't you ever write to us, Paul? You had our addresses. Why, sure. That's no way to treat old classmates. Just think. Twelve years. Oh, they sure have gone fast. Too fast to suit me. Say, Paul, you've turned awful gray for only 33. Well, he always did take things too seriously. I suppose by now, Paul, you're one of the biggest lawyers in the state. How's Marsha? Yeah, you were all set to marry her after graduation, remember? Yes, and you were going to become her father's junior law partner. Oh, you sure had a sweet set up there. Well, things worked out a little differently. You see, that party we had graduation night. Do you remember it? Remember it? How could we forget it? Oh, that was a real blowout. Why were you tight, Paul? You know, that party sort of changed my whole life. Change your life? Well, how? Well, I don't remember much about the party itself. I guess I had too many drinks. In fact, I don't remember anything until I woke up the next morning. I could hear old Trinity ringing. I awoke to find myself on the couch in my living room. It was noon. The room was hot, stiflingly hot. I remembered I had a date with Marsha and her father at one o'clock. I got to my feet. My head ached. There were heat waves before my eyes. Feeling sick, I staggered toward my bedroom and then I saw him. A man asleep on my bed, his back to me. For a moment I stood there trying to remember if someone had come home from the party with me. But the night before I was a total blank. I crossed the bed, bent over, shook his shoulder. Hey, fella. Hey, it's noon. Wake up.  As I shook him, he had flopped over and looked up at me with staring eyes. He was dead and there was a knife in his chest. My hunting knife. I stood stunned, staring down at the body on my bed. The dead man was another stranger to me. He was neatly dressed in old clothes. And my knife. My knife was in his heart. I killed him. I couldn't remember when or how or why, but I'd killed him. Frantically, I tried to remember what had happened. Was he a panhandler? Someone I'd met on the street and drunkenly brought home with me? I didn't know. I couldn't remember. So I stood there trying to get a grip on myself. I suddenly realized there was someone at the door. Instinctively, I walked into the living room and towards the door. Just as I was about to open it, I realized the danger of letting anyone into the apartment. I put my ear against the door and listened. I heard voices. Yours, Steve. And yours, Bert. Hey Paul, open up. We want to say goodbye. Come on, Paul. Wake up, will you? We're leaving for California in 15 minutes. I guess old Paul isn't in. I wonder how he felt when he woke up.  Still, I sure hate to leave without saying goodbye. Well, he has our California address. He can write to us. Come on, or we'll miss that train. And they were both gone. And I dared to breathe again. I tried to think calmly. Figure out what to do. I knew I should call the police, but they, they might charge me with murder. In what defense could I offer? I thought of Margea. The slightest scandal and everything would be off our marriage, my job, my future. I couldn't call the police. I couldn't call them and sacrifice everything I'd worked for. Somehow I had to get the body out of my apartment, get rid of it before it was found. Then it came to me. My car was in the basement, garage. The dumbwaiter in the kitchen led down to the basement. I could put the dead man in the dumbwaiter, lower him to the basement, get him in my car, and then... Mr Paul! It was Jenny, the cleaning woman. She'd let herself in with a key. I hurried into the living room, closing the bedroom door behind me. Oh, there you are. A fine time for a rising young lawyer to be getting up. Oh, hello Jenny. I, I guess I overslept. I was at a party last night. A party was it? Everyone on the campus is talking about it and the complaints. Well, now step aside and let me into that bedroom. I gotta start cleaning. Jenny, can't you come back later and do the place? No, I can't. I'll get out of my way. Jenny, wait! I don't want you to clean up yet. What's wrong? Why, why are you blocking the door like that? Well, the truth of the matter is one of the boys had a bit too much last night and he's in my bedroom sleeping it off. Oh, well, get him out of there. Take him to a Turkish bath. Turkish bath. Oh, yes, that's, that's a good idea. Look, Jenny, just give me half an hour to get him dressed and out of here. Then you can come back and clean up. For half an hour or nothing, I'll give you exactly five minutes. All right, Jenny. I'll have him out of here by then. You'd better. She was gone and I had five minutes, just five minutes. I went into the bedroom and quickly went through the dead man's pockets. They were empty. There was no identification in them. The thin, pinched face told me he was a nobody, a derelict, someone who might never be missed. As I was about to lift him off the bed, the phone rang. The shrew ring filled the room. Hello? Hello, darling. Marcy. How was your stag party last night? Did you miss me? Miss you? You sound as though you have a dreadful hangover. Hangover? Oh, yes. Oh, excuse me a minute, Marcia. There's someone at the door. Yes? Paul. Jenny. So get your friend out of there. Oh, yes, Jenny, yes. Just give me another minute enough. We'll be out of here. Marcia, I can't talk to you any longer. I'm in a hurry. Then you haven't forgotten your appointment with Father and myself at one o'clock. No, no, no. I may be a little late, but I'll be there. Paul, you mustn't be late. I've told you over and over what a stickler father is for punctuality. He can't stand people who are late for appointments. Well, you'll recall how furious he was when you didn't shop. I know, Marcia, but I... You have 45 minutes to shave, shower, and dress. That's plenty of time. And, Paul, wear your gray flannel suit with a blue knitted tie and be sure you're there. Yes, Marcia, yes, but I've got to hang up. Jenny will be coming back any minute that I... Well, what if she is? Now, darling, you haven't forgotten what we discussed yesterday afternoon. Yesterday afternoon? Yes. No, I know Father's broskin inclined to bully people, but don't let it upset you. After all, it's our future. He's... Marcia, I can't talk any longer. I've got to hang up. Jenny will be back. I've only seconds left. What in the world are you talking about? Now, when Father asks... Marcia, I've got to hang up. I've got to. Goodbye. I hung up the phone and wiped the sweat running down my face. It took only a moment to lift him off the bed, carry him into the kitchen, pull the dumbwaiter up and put his body into it. I closed the door to the dumbwaiter, ran out of the apartment and started down the stairs to the basement. I got down to the basement to find Ben, the janitor, leisurely pulling on the dumbwaiter rope. Ben! Oh, Ben! Oh, wow, Paul. Now, with your car, you're after it's there by the door all washed like, yeah. Thanks, but Ben, stop a minute. I want you to do something for me. Sure, Paul. Just as soon as I've emptied this dumbwaiter... Will you stop blowing that dumbwaiter? Stop it! Here! Hey, what's wrong with you? You're acting mighty strange. Hey, I'm sorry. I... I shot it like that. Ben, it's just that... there's a package up in my apartment that I'd like you to mail right away. There's a dollar in it for you. All right, but there ain't no need to rush. Today's Sunday, the post office is closed. Closed? Sure. Say, what's the matter with you anyway? Must be the heat. Ah, something awful heavy on his stomach. Ben, wait a minute. There's something else. Ah, is that... Stop a minute, will you? How can I talk to you about your loitering that dumbwaiter? Well, go ahead. I can hear everything you're saying. Let go of that rope!  Hey! You going crazy or something? I'm here for mine to call a super and tell him why... No, no, no, no. Don't do that. I... I... Hey. Ben, up in my apartment, there's a bottle. A bottle? Yes, I brought it home last night. It's... it's half full. I wanted you to have it for cleaning the car. Oh, thanks. I sure appreciate that, Paola. I'll go up and get it as soon as I've emptied this dumbwaiter. It's almost down now. But Ben, Jenny just went in to clean. You know how she feels about drinking? Jenny, jumping grasshoppers. Why didn't you say so? That woman will pour it all down the drain if I don't get there first. As soon as Ben disappeared up the stairs, I pulled the dumbwaiter the rest of the way down, opened the door, and he fell into my arms. Slinging the body over my shoulder, I staggered with it to my car and swiftly dropped him on the floor in the back. It was an old touring car. The top was long since gone. To hide the body from view, I covered it with an old blanket. A moment later, I started the motor and rolled smoothly out of the basement and into the driveway. As I did, I heard Ben shouting to me from my window. Oh, I pull away, man. I got shot. I pretended not to hear Ben calling. Instead, I stepped on a gas. I was almost proud of myself as I drove past the campus. I was in trouble, but I was thinking fast. As a good lawyer should. I'd already decided I'd have to get rid of him by dumping him into the river. As I came to Main Street, driving neither too fast nor too slow, I turned left toward the river. There was very little traffic, and I was just about to speed up. When behind me, I heard a whistle blowing. It was Dugan, the town's only traffic cop, and he was blowing for me to stop. There was nothing to do but pull over to the curb. As Dugan hurried up to me, I realized I'd driven through a red light. Hello, Dugan. Never mind that hello, Dugan stuff. What's the matter? Are you colorblind? I'm sorry, Dugan. I just didn't notice the light. You just didn't notice the light. That's fine. I think you and me had better take a ride over to Justice Miller. Oh, look, don't run me in, Dugan. It won't happen again. That's what all you college cut-ups say.  What do you got there in the back? Underneath that blanket? Under the blanket? You heard me. What's under it? Well, that's Roy Hamilton, one of my classmates. Yeah, well, what's he lying on the floor under a blanket on a hot day like this for? Last night, our farewell shindig Roy had a few too many. He's still out. I'm taking him home. Where does he live? At Mrs. Randolph's boarding house. What are you handing me? That's in the other direction. Yes, yes, I know. But first, I'm taking him to the Turkish bath on Elm Street. Yeah, well, by the time you get him there, the poor guy will be dead.  What do you mean?  I better pull the blanket off his face so he can breathe. No, no.  Suppose Dean Richards or somebody saw Roy like this. Yeah, yeah, that's right. Just the same, I bet I've got to... I'll be right with you, Jensen. Where were we backstabbed? Oh, yeah, the guy in the back. He'll smother the death if we don't pull the... I'm coming, I'm coming. I won't run you in this time, Baxter, but from now on, stay awake when you're driving. I will, Dugan. And for Pete's sake, pull the blanket off that guy's head. Take it easy, Jensen. I'm coming. As I stepped on the gas, I muttered a prayer of thanks for old Johnson, the janitor of the medical school building, who had called Dugan just as he was reaching for the blanket that covered my passenger. It was a few minutes after one as I drove out of town. I could picture Marcia's father filming in my lateness. The sun was scorching in my open cars as I drove along River Road, looking for a place to hide the body. I needed one where there were trees to hide me. The hours that followed were like a nightmare. The heat was stifling and I could feel my hand shaking on the wheel from nervous tension. I drove and drove and drove, looking for a place to get rid of the body. But the whole countryside seemed to be swarming with people, families, picnicking, Boy Scouts camping, kids in swimming, couples in parked cars. No matter where I turned, there was always someone in sight. Little spots danced before my eyes. Waves of faintness swept over me. My hand began to ache in my head, too. Unbearably, it was already long after three. I was late for my date with Marcia and her father. That didn't matter. Nothing mattered but to get rid of the body in the back of the car. I had to get rid of it. I had to. I drove, mile after mile, turning from one road to another, searching endlessly for a safe place to stop. Then I realized I was running out of gas. I saw a gas station ahead and I decided to stop there. It was a risk, but I had to take it. Okay, mister. That's five gallons. Want me to check your oil? No, no. Thanks. How much? It's $1.15. Boy, it's hot, isn't it? Yes, it. Hot all right. Here you are. That's $1.15 out of five. Now get your change. Hey, this rear tire looks a little flat. That's all right. You want me to check it? It won't take but a minute. It's all right, I'll tell you. Okay, mister, just you say. Your rear door is open. I better shut that for you. Leave that door alone. Ah, but you don't want to drive along with your rear door open. That's funny. There's something in the car jamming it. I better have a... Leave that door alone and get my change. But you... All right, mister. Just as you say. I'll get your change. He hurried into the station. I looked in the back of the car and saw what had kept the door from closing. It was a hand. His hand sticking out from under the blanket. The attendant had seen it. He would be phoning the police. I drove faster and faster. The police would be on the lookout for me now. My whole future depended on what I did in the next few minutes. And then it came to me. And then it came to me. In one brief moment it came to me. The perfect way to get rid of the body. It was so simple, so perfect that I laughed aloud with relief. A half hour later, I was parked in an alley behind one of the university buildings. It was Sunday and the place was deserted. Despite my fatigue and aching head, it took me but a moment to carry the body into the basement of the medical building and down the corridor to the basement room where the bodies for the dissecting classes were kept. Where does a wise man hide a leaf in a forest? Where does a wise man hide a body in the dissecting room? The room was big and cool and dimly lit. The far end was a long metal tank. I reached the tank and lowered him to the stone floor beside it. I had only to open the tank, slip him inside and leave. I reached for the lid of the preserving tank and was about to open it when I heard a voice. It was Johnson the janitor. I quickly dropped behind the tank and waited, holding my breath. I heard you. Stop hiding and come out. I know you're here. I just saw your car through the window. You better come out if you know what's good for you. It seemed my car. He knew I was in the room, but if I kept my head, there was a chance, just a chance. All right, Johnson. Here I am. Boxster, eh? So it's you, isn't it? You're the one... Johnson, wait a minute. Let me explain. Explain, eh? After last night, I'm not listening to any fancy stories. I'm the one who gets blamed when... What's that on the floor behind you there? On the floor? What? I'm nothing, Johnson. Do you think I'm blind or something? Step aside and let me see what... Boy, it's your body. Yes, it's a body. So that's it. I thought you were trying to steal one. Instead, you were bringing it. Yes, I was bringing it. And just what were you going to do with that gentleman on the floor? Put him back in the tank with the rest? Yes, that's right. I thought he might not be noticed. As if I wouldn't have known. Well, go on. Call the cops. Let's get it over with. All right, Max, of course, I don't have to call the cops. Nobody knows about this, but you and me... What? What do you mean? Well, I was going to make a report, but this way, there's no harm done. So I might be able to overlook the whole thing if I was persuading you. Pursuaded, properly? You might overlook it? That's right. You just leave this fellow to me and there's no fuss because nobody's the wiser. You do that?  I guess I could be persuaded to. How much? Well, suppose we say fifty dollars. Fifty dollars? That isn't much, considering what would happen if I reported you. Oh, no, no, it isn't. Fifty dollars. That's very cheap to help me cover up a murder. Murder? Ah, more of your jokes. I'm not talking about murder. I'm talking about putting number 37 here back in his proper place. Number 37? Yes, 37.  Well, I don't like jokes like that. I drove downtown a while back to tell Doug and the constable about it, but well, I didn't tell him anything. It would mean trouble for me for being asleep on the job. Number 37? He was stolen from me last night. That's what I said. As long as you've brought him back, there's no harm done. That's why I'm willing to keep it quiet. Then, then I didn't kill him. It was just a joke somebody played on me. Just a practical joke. Here, here, here, what's wrong with you? It's a joke. It's a very good joke on me. This whole afternoon driving, driving in the heat trying to get rid of him was just a joke. A joke! But goodness sake, she's fainted. That's the story of what happened the day after my graduation party 12 years ago. When I came to, I was in the college hospital. I'd been unconscious a week. They, they said it was just a slight breakdown brought on by sunstroke. I was all right after a while, but somehow I wasn't interested in law anymore. Marcia and I didn't get married and I didn't become her father's junior law partner. Good lord, Paul. We never knew any of us. Gosh, Paul, I can't tell you how sorry I am. We never dreamed our gag would turn out like that. Your... Your gag? Are you sure? See, after the party broke up that night, we were feeling pretty high and... Well, it was a crazy idea, but we thought it would be funny to steal a cadaver from the medical college and leave it in your room with, with your knife in it. And it was you? The two of you? Well, yes, Paul. Gosh, I feel terrible about this, but... Well, that day we left, we came up to your apartment to tell you about a little joke. Only you weren't in. We had to rush for a train, but we formed from the station. Then the janitor answered and we told him to explain about the cadaver. I, I heard him calling, but I, I didn't stop. Paul, will you ever be able to forgive us for what happened? Forgive you. Forgive you. No.     Hey, wait a minute! No! Get away from me! I... Bert, Bert, help me! Paul! Paul, let him go! He's choking me! Help me!    Here he is, man. All right. Grab him! Quick, grab him!  Get him back to the hospital!     No, no, I... But you came just in time. He was trying to kill me. Why? He sure was. He just went crazy. Well, I'm sure sorry this happened. You see, he slipped away from the hospital this afternoon. We figured he'd head this way. The hospital? Yes. Poor fellow had a bad breakdown just after he graduated 12 years ago. He's been locked up ever since. Locked up? Yeah. He's always been perfectly harmless, though. He just went around all the time looking for a place to hide something. This is the first time he ever got violent. I can't figure out what came over him. And so the curtain falls on summer heat, which was chosen by guest expert Hugh Pentecost, whose latest thriller, Where the Snow Was Red, will be published next month. We welcome your comments on tonight's story. All letters should be addressed to Murder by Experts, Care of Mutual Broadcasting System, New York 18, New York.  A story selected for your approval by Brett Halliday, creator of the rough, tough detective known as Mike Shane. Until then, this is your host, John Dixon Carr, saying good night. In our cast were Lawson Surbey, Bryna Rayburn, Ian Martin, Cameron Andrews, Bill Zuckert, and Frank Barons. Summer heat by Andrew Evans was adapted for radio by Robert A. Arthur and David Cogan. Original music was composed by Richard LePage. The orchestra was conducted by Emerson Buckley. Murder by Experts is produced and directed by Robert A. Arthur and David Cogan. All characters in this story were fictitious, and any resemblance to the names of actual persons was purely coincidental. Phil Tarkin speaking. This is the world's largest network serving more than 500 radio stations, the Mutual Broadcasting System. This is someone you know who also loves old-time radio and pulp audio. If you want to hear even more, drop an email to weirddarknessatradiorchives.com and get an instant reply with links to download full-length pulp audiobooks, pulp e-books, and old-time radio shows absolutely free. That's weirddarknessatradiorchives.com. Weird Darkness is a production and trademark of Marlar House Productions. This is Weird Darkness 2023. I'm Darren Marlar, and I'll see you next week for Weird Darkness' Retro Radio Sunday.


Hey there friends. Thanks for checking in today. We're going to talk shotguns pump action versus semi auto versus Double barrel all of the loads used in this video will be Fioki seven and a half shot high-velocity Bird loads, but let's start with the pump action shotgun I believe this is the most popular style of shotgun out there people like the auto loading Well, it's not auto loading when you manually load and the advantage there is that you have Less cause for failure unless you short stroke it and that that happens at time, but if you Train properly it probably won't a pump action shotgun is typically inexpensive right around 300 to 500 dollars you'll find a Quality pump action shotgun. This is a Mossberg Maverick this right around two two fifty somewhere in there and that is Known to be one of the best deals you are going to find a lot of people when pump action is spoken about they they claim that if you Do this that's going to make the intruder run away. This is not a Self-defense video. However, I will say I do not fall into that mindset I do not believe that simply racking it is going to make somebody Leave or get scared and leave At least not a rational minded thinking person. Anyways, let's go ahead and take a few shots. I've got a silhouette here And that hits you back a little bit But it's a it's a common Shotgun a lot of people enjoy the pump action I certainly do and this Maverick is a nice model although there are several several some of those turkish maids I know a lot of people Don't prefer that but you can get those under 200 bucks And if you if you like pump action, they're available in Many different formats now. Let's talk semi-auto here. We've got my remington v3 tactical with diverse max Gas system whether it's gas or inertia shotguns. The recoil is less With semi-auto compared to pump action Also, the rate of fire is much quicker with semi-auto shotguns Whether it's a magazine fed or a tube fed like this the rate of fire is Really fast that is considering that there are no Stoppages and that is an issue or could be an issue with a semi-auto shotguns You have to be quick with your clearing techniques. So so long as it functions well, which this one really does You should experience less recoil and a quicker rate of fire And this v3 tactical Has very nice recoil management. I've shot everything through this and it is A real nice shooting semi-auto shotgun There it is typically more expensive Some more mechanics built into it. However If you like firing one after another without having to manually load Semi-auto just might be the way to go for you Now we're going to talk double barrel shotguns. What I have here is a cz sharp tail coach gun. It's a beautiful shotgun It's a bit costly. You may notice that these can be somewhat expensive a lot of hunters like them It does offer a fast rate of fire. This is a single trigger. It also comes with a double trigger action People have their preferences But check out that color case hardened and the turkish walnut It drives up the cost on this you may have seen over unders. Those are really nice as well But there's a whole fan club out there of Who just love double barrel shotguns and i'm one of them An advantage here is that you could You could put various chokes in each of the barrels So you may have a improved cylinder on the other side of modified whatever the case now This has fixed chokes, but not all Coach guns do or double barrels with the 28 inch barrel that people use to hunt So you could put various chokes in the disadvantage is you're limited on the shots that you can fire Which is essentially two. I know some people could load fairly quickly. Let's go And that was two quick shots with this coach gun my stoker coach gun has A a barrel with an improved choke Improved cylinder and the other one is a modified choke But there are models you could screw in chokes and that's nice You can't do that with any other shotgun You know you can't do it you could you could screw in a choke with a pump action But you have one barrel to work with here you have two Also You could shoot mini shells no problem out of this you could put one mini shell And one and a regular two or three quarter three inch shell and the other This shotgun here offers the availability to choose with that lever Right there what side to shoot first So if you put if you had a mini shell in there you wanted to shoot that one first You certainly could do that with this outside of that Most will tell you in the manual what what barrel will fire first. Let me load up a couple mini shells All right, here we have the mini shells. This is seven and a half bird shot Little mini shells here. These do not offer any recoil as it is but the Coach gun Is a bit heavier All right, because you have two barrels most your weight is in the barrels. So I expect zero recoil here And you can hear that silhouette another advantage of a double barrel shotgun is that they disassemble So easily this lever here Pulls off this forend and then all you have to do is Work the action lever and it comes apart now I was able to transport all of these shotguns in one Range bag and I put this in a side compartment just like this and that is really nice for transporting So the double barrels are great. They're they're easy to operate very I don't know that I ever heard of any problems with a double barrel although. I'm sure it exists, but that was My range review of pump action Semi auto and double barrel shotguns. I know everybody has her favorite What I want to know is which is yours if you like videos like this, please subscribe and share I always appreciate thumbs up button. Thanks for watching and you guys be safe


This, I pulled out of the Goodwill Bins and it was a lovely surprise. Hey, fellow buddies, thanks for watching. It's for online, little pony. Amazing, right? All right, let's get started. Hey, fellow buddies, thanks for watching. All right, in this video, we are gonna talk about bread and butter bolos. Those are items that I sold on eBay for $35 or less, items that I bought cheap and sold for a profit. I'm gonna tell you where I got it, what I paid for it and what it sold for. If you're new here, thanks for being here. If you've been here forever, thanks so much. I appreciate you all and I'm excited you're here. Let me know in the comments how you found the channel and we are gonna get started with 29 bread and butter bolos. So the first item here that I sold are these Troll earrings. I think I pulled these out of a doll. A lot of times I will pick up lots of like Barbies and different things or I'll get them in mystery boxes and maybe the Barbie's not in good shape, but I can sell something that is attached to it, either a clothing item or for example, these awesome Troll earrings. Somebody bought this and this from me and their total, so they did a bundle on eBay with $16.25 and when you bundle and add items to your cart in my store, you will get discounts and you will also get discounted shipping if it applies to the item. So if you're looking to purchase from me, definitely try the cart first. I also have a coupon code for anybody that watches my channel.  It does not work with the best offer. So if you just wanna shoot me an offer and put BOLOBuddy's in the notes, that works great too. No pressure to buy just if you happen to see something. I've got like over 7,000 items listed and if you guys wanna browse, that link is down below. So this doll right here came from the Goodwill Benz and she sold so fast. She is a Barbie beekeeper. So they got the Troll earrings and the Barbie beekeeper and they were all in for 2101. And my cost of goods was probably $1 or less for those. The next item is this Hallmark Keepsake Ornament. It is a beer stein from 2012 and this one came out of a thrift store Christmas mystery box and I sold it for $19.84 plus shipping. This here is a Disney Elena of Avalar. I had to use Google Lens to figure this out. I had no idea who this character was. I could not find comps. I really, really struggled with this one. So I listed it kinda high. I did end up taking a best offer of $9 and the buyer paid shipping and this came from the Goodwill Benz outlet. If you guys like Goodwill Benz videos, I have a whole bunch where I'm actually digging and it's footage of me in the store and you watch me dig, it's super fun. Definitely check those out. This one right here, somebody bought this. It's a vintage princess gardener cow hide split key guard. This was listed a long time. This was definitely a long tail item. Would I pick it up again? Probably not. This also was sort of a long tail item. I would say it took over a year to sell but these are Christmas coasters. So somebody bought the two of these items and they paid $16.73 and they were all in for 22.78. I don't even remember where I got this key holder from, maybe in a state sale. But I did get this at a garage sale for a buck. So my cost of goods was really cheap and I was really happy to see these two items go. This right here is a Walt Disney World hidden Mickey cat with mouse ears. And I think the same buyer bought this one also. This is super, super cute. I bought a whole bunch of Disney pins at a garage sale and I have just been selling them off and on and they do sell. Some of them are more long tail than others but this one is adorable. And this one sold for full asking price of $9.29 plus shipping. Coasters in general, I think are more of a long tail item. These were, were these, they're called Pempernal right here. So look them up, some of them go for more than others but great bread and butter for your store. Disney store princess Mulan, she is a plush and I got her to garage sale for four bucks. I did pay up for her. I was at a garage sale, they had tons of Disney store plush and I just kind of got fixated on getting these plush and they were at $5 each I think and I talked them down to four bucks each. One of them was a big money Bolo. I think it went between 50 and 60, maybe it was even $70. So I ended up doing really well overall but this one it only sold for $14.88. So those margins are not that great but the buyer did pay shipping. ABC alphabet magnetic numbers by Tootsie Toy. I have been grabbing these from the Goodwill bins. It's something new that I've kind of been trying and honestly it takes quite a while to sit the numbers out. So that part's kind of annoying but they have been selling good. So will I pick them up again? Probably, but is it kind of annoying to list? Yes, most definitely. I sold these for a best offer of $13 and the buyer paid shipping and these are really lightweight. So probably had about a buck or two in them. This one came from the buyer was a viewer and it is vintage treasure in, uh-oh. Vintage treasure in PA with Barb. That's who bought it. Thank you so much for your purchase. I appreciate it. This is a vintage Bucilla Christmas down the chimney tissue box plastic canvas yarn kit. And this also came from the Goodwill bins and there were a lot of them listed. So I really priced my item competitively and it sold for $9.30 plus shipping. When I first saw it, I was like, big money Polo vintage Bucilla and when I looked it up and there were a ton on eBay and I was like, bummer. So this item probably would have done better on Mercari or Poshmark, probably not as flooded on those platforms. I don't think I got this one cross posted but cross posting your items is definitely a good idea. I think it's really important. Maybe that can be like one of your goals for 2023 is to get your items on other platforms. If you wanna check out list perfectly, that's what I use. I've been using it since 2019. I am a happy customer. I do have a video down below that shows you how to do it. It shows you how to list with their catalog but it also shows you how to just cross post directly from eBay to the other platforms. You can use it however you want.  Definitely something to consider. Those extra sales, it will pay for the subscription in no time. It's like such a great, such a great product. All right, this next one is this loving family guy and we've got this loving family little girl. She's the sister and I sold the two of these for $21.70 plus shipping. I pick these up anywhere and everywhere. These actually came from the Goodwill and I paid a dollar each for them. This one is really cool. This is a fun sale. It's a Billiken Goodluck Souvenir Spoon Cleveland 1910 Queen City Silver Company. So this is not sterling or anything like that. It's just a cool spoon and I listed it high and I took a best offer of $24 plus shipping. The buyer was all in for $29.40. I got this at a garage sale for $2.00. Another thing to be on the lookout for is Radica handheld games. They do pretty good. If they are new, old stock in the original packaging, that is great. Now this one did not work and I wanted to make sure it was working. So I opened the packaging because the batteries were out and I tested it just to make sure it worked. So I had to market used for that reason but it was in the original packaging and actually new. And I sold this for $18 plus shipping and I got it at a thrift store for $1. These are weevils that wobble and I got this set. I had a lot of bundles this timeframe and this set. One set came from a garage sale for a buck and the other set I got at the Benz and the same person bought both of these for $43.40 and they paid the shipping. This vintage precious moments ornament is from 1995, baby's first Christmas. I sold this for $32.24 and I just found another one at the Goodwill Benz. So I'm super excited to get that one listed but this one sold after Christmas. So I'm guessing somebody broke their ornament and needed a replacement and I am so happy that I had it.  I just priced it high because there weren't any others listed or there were not very many listed. I can't remember but I priced it high for a reason and I'm guessing that's why. Let's go on to the next one here. This is a vintage Katz Meow village series. I pick up Katz Meow when I can get it really cheap. I usually buy it in big lots at garage sales and usually garage sales. And I honestly, I don't enjoy listing them. It's one of those things that I buy it because I know they sell but I hate listing it. It's so boring. Probably because I buy so many and it's just overwhelming. But anyway, these three sold for $24.99 plus shipping and I have a whole box in my money pile that I need to list. That's why I'm kind of like, I don't want to list it. This I pulled out of the Goodwill bins and it was a lovely surprise. It is a vintage orange semi truck and it's made in Hong Kong. That's all the information I had. And this one came out of the Goodwill bins. I put it up for auction just in case and it sold for $24.99 plus shipping. So that was definitely a woohoo. Here's one that most of you would, you're probably like, did she really list this? I did. So I bought a toy box from Auctions for You. It was, no, wait, I think this was just a t-ball. So it was a mix of toys and jewelry and a bunch of stuff. I recently did a video unboxing of it if you want to check it out. But Auctions for You and Donatella Bottolino are YouTube channels that I purchase from. They have selling events and I buy from them. And then I sell the items. They basically cater to resellers. And if you want to source online, it's a great place and I will link them down below. But these two Nerf darts were in there and I'm like, I've got to list these. And I wonder if I can sell these. And they're the bigger ones. Let me show you here. They're big, they're pretty big. They're like wider than the average ones. And I'm like, I'm just going to do it. And you know what? They sold pretty fast. I sold them for $6.50 plus shipping. So they were all in for $11.90 for two Nerf darts, darts, whatever they're called. All right, this is another one that surprised me. And I've actually sold quite a few on Mercari also. I bought a whole bunch of these from a thrift store mystery box. It was a big, big box. And I had a ton of these ready to paint items. And they have been sitting for about a year. I think I listed them. It was close to Christmas, maybe last year. And they didn't sell. And I was really, really surprised. And then all of a sudden after Christmas this year, they have been selling like crazy. And I think what it is, is that people are buying these after Christmas to work on them during the year to have ready for Christmas, which makes total sense. But these are all vintage and fantastic. This one right here, I sold for $19.50 plus shipping. This one I pulled out of the Goodwill Benz and you probably think I'm crazy, like why would she grab this? Because I knew I could sell it. It's a vintage bride and groom cake topper. Look how cool it is. I think this one went internationally. And I ended up selling this for $22.75 plus shipping. This here is a vintage angel ornament with real feathers. This came out of a thrift store Christmas box. Not something that I probably would have sourced, but I felt like because I had real feathers and I've done pretty well with these type of angels before that I would list it. I sold this for $9.75 plus shipping. Rubber mounted stamps, these were really cool. A lot of them I had never seen before. I just made a lot. I got these at a thrift store and my cost of goods was $2 for all of them. And I sold these for $29.25 plus shipping. This is a vintage applause lamb. It's great word to put in the title is Easter. I do use plush and stuffed animal in the title because I think resellers use the word plush. And I think parents looking for stuffed animals for their kids type in stuffed animal to the search bar. So I got this at a garage sale for 50 cents and I sold it for $16.25 plus shipping. The next item here is this peer one hand blown European glass pickle. I pulled this out of the Goodwill bins. I honestly can't believe it made it. It was stuffed into this little like stuff but still getting thrown around at the Goodwill bins. I sold this for $8.50 plus shipping. This one I thought was gonna be better than it was. I paid 10 cents for it. So no big deal. I can't remember where I got it. I think it was a garage sale and I ended up selling them for $7 plus shipping. So just a major bread and butter but I had 10 cents in it. So that's pretty good. Fisher price loving family always pick it up but I pick it up in a large lot. So the money that I have in them is not much. I mean, we're talking 50 cents to a dollar a piece. Not much at all, sometimes less just depending on how many I get and where I source it. This one I got at a garage sale so I probably got it really cheap with a dollhouse and all of the accessories. Sold this for $10 in the buyer paid shipping. This is a Hallmark Ramona reindeer. You also wanna look for Rodney and his friends. These are from 1986. They are a Bolo. Some of them go for more. I recently sold a lot of four. I think it was over on Mercari. I wanna say for like 80 bucks. It's in my Mercari video. So you guys can check that out. But if you lot them up, they can sell for more. Certain ones go for more, some are harder to find but if you see these, definitely a good pickup. I got this at the Goodwill Benz and so my cost of goods was a dollar or less and I sold this for $13 plus shipping. All right, you guys, that was 29 Bolo items. Items to be on the lookout for, items that you can pick up cheap and sell for a profit. Some of these items may be sitting in your house. So get them listed. Thank you guys so much. Think about cross posting in the year 2023. Maybe it can be like your new thing. Let me know how it goes if you decide to do it. Thank you for being here. I don't know. Leave me an emoji of an owl or just write the word hoot. Thanks so much and like, comment, subscribe and share. There's gonna be some videos popping up here and here. A subscribe button here and another video here. Here is the video, here is the subscribe. So definitely check out another video. Thanks for watching.


Good mornig everyone. Delighted to see a full house here to discuss our topic today Suritage of the Future. It's really very much a hot topic over the last few years and it becomes increasingly so just as we may be coming out of choppy waters as it were. We seem to have new crisis hitting upon us. So, we've got some great speakers to explore this topic with us this morning. So, I'll introduce them first before we go on to the detail of the conversation. Tobias mae'r on my right here chief executive officer DHL group Germany and is also part of the Alliance of CEO Client Leaders in the World Economic Forum. To my left I've got Banda Al-Qaidaev, Minister of Industry and Mineral Resources of Saudi Arabia. Right in front of me, old friend Cathy Wengel, executive vice-president and chief technical operations and risk officer, Johnson and Johnson. We've got a perfect mix here of industry logistics and government to solve the world's problems this morning in the next half an hour, 45 minutes. So a bit of context setting if I may. This initiative is really part of the Global Future Council on Advanced Manufacturing and Value Chains. That council is something I've been co-chairing for the last few years and it's been really exciting times to see how supply chains pivot to the new realities of the world that we find ourselves in. Another initiative that's been taken forward is the Future Proofing of Global Value Chains and that's another great initiative that we would like participants who have joined online and in the room to contribute to the conversation and if you are posting on social media channels do use the hashtag hashwef24 to link to this conversation. So just in order to kick off on our conversation, a little bit of context. We've seen quite a few challenges post COVID. We've seen conflict in the world, in various parts of the world. We've seen supply chain disruptions and right through the last few days we're continuing to see the opportunities new technologies present themselves. The digital technologies, we've seen a lot of conversations about AI and machine learning but also some of the radical production technologies that are changing the economies of scale of where manufacturing takes place. So I think we are in a time where we will be reconfiguring very much the supply chains that we have. So we want to explore how quickly is this happening, is it moving as quickly as we would like, will the changes resolve some of the issues that we're facing now? So I'm going to start off first and foremost on that context. What factors are really steering today's global supply chain strategies and maybe I'll go to you Cathy first to answer that question. Sure, thank you. Again, it's terrific to be here with everyone. I would say the first factor that must steer every supply chain strategy is what your customer needs. So it has to be driven by your business strategy and what is most important to your customers. It's usually never any one thing but in our world of healthcare safety, efficacy quality number one, but the ability to be reliable, so proactive reliability management is another main aspect. People need their medicine when they need them. They need the surgical instrument at the hospital at the right time. So it starts with customer need, proactive resilience. And then I would for all of us, it's what is the digital journey your supply chain is on? How are you building for sustainability? And then most important, what's the ecosystem of partners that you're using? No one organization can manage their entire supply chain. So how do you build that ecosystem, which includes the talent in your own workforce and the partners that you choose? Fantastic. Now, part of looking at the future reconfiguration scenarios as director of research at the Department of Engineering University of Cambridge, I did some of my research and continue to do my research on how supply chains are reconfigured. And Tobias, I believe you did your PhD in the same topic as well. So how does the theory that we've been exploring in our research activities match up with the reality of today's work world and the logistics context in particular? Well, I do think that it does match up to a great degree, particularly when it comes to looking at factor costs for commodities that plays a big role. Energy, for instance, but also the assembly process. Obviously, labour still is an important factor, but I want to echo what Kathy said also on the effects of a cluster of the economies of skill. It is not easy to port certain parts of the value chain because you just want it. If you think about electronics, there are certain capabilities in Asia that are quite unique. There is a whole context of suppliers, very deep value chains, and thereby a good value proposition goes on the cost side, but also on the skill side, which influences innovation speed. So we do see that people obviously have taken the geopolitical concerns at heart and thinking about that. They've also recognized that supply chains are subject to disruptions. The global transport market has gone through a very specific cycle during COVID, which led to a higher transportation cost for some time. So they are thinking what do I need in terms of the lead time for the product, but also obviously the cost for certain components. And the shifts are happening gradually. In electronics, for instance, you see final assembly shifting. There's a China plus one paradigm that many multinational companies have, but you also see that the exports of parts and components in that sector of China are actually increasing in those regions. So it's not that the entire supply chain is moving, but it's a certain part of that supply chain that brings it in that case often closer to the customer. Fantastic. And there's, of course, a geographic context to this, and particularly it plays out differently in alternative sectors. So Bundo, maybe if I can ask you, now how does this play out for particular sectors and particular geographies from your experience? Well, thank you for having me and it's great to be here. I would like as much as I would like to be sophisticated, but I would say the old rule of not putting your eggs in one basket is something we sometimes tend to forget. I believe that the global supply chain dynamics need to be driven by market dynamics and not politics. It's okay to have politics address areas of national interest and national security, and it has to be to the minimum scope. But I think when we look at Saudi Arabia 20 years ago, it is not a place where you can actually use in logistics. You cannot access it. It's very hard. So what we have been doing in creating or allowing Saudi Arabia to be a global competitor for people like DHL to see the country as a place where they can actually use to use as a base. So our vision 2030 aims definitely to diversify our economy and logistics is definitely a great part of it. Manufacturing, mining. We believe that Saudi Arabia offers a great combination of different enablers starting from our natural resources in oil and gas, petrochemicals, but also our geographical location. We believe that the ability to connect with other continents also is great. We created only less than three years ago the future mineral form as an example. It's really amazing to see how the interest in the region and beyond actually to ensure how different countries can collaborate and work together to enhance the overall offering of mining, for example, of minerals for the transition, but for technology. So I think we need to see new areas where there is development, where they are offering actually a competitive way or option rather than trying to do it from a political point of view. Fantastic. So some very practical challenges. I mean, if I switch on to maybe the pace of rewiring and how quickly supply chains are reconfiguring. And we just, in our conversations just to the start of this, we've got new activities on us every day. We've seen some particular challenges through the gold shipping routes through bordring Yemen and so on. So if I may ask from a DHL perspective, how have you sort of taken on that type of challenge? Well, I mean, the Red Sea issue currently is fairly contained, but it might be good to spend a minute on explaining when such an incident becomes a bigger issue. And I think people are more concerned about that after the COVID experience. It's typically not one thing that leads to a shortage of global transportation capacity. And it has actually rarely happened in history. Most 80% of supply chain disruption are a manufacturing issue, not that much a transportation issue. But what we have seen during COVID and why, for instance, the incident where the ever given, we might remember, I think was March 21, where a ship was stuck for six days in the Suez Canal and that led to an exorbitant spike of rates, that was on the context of basically a bullwhip effect that came through COVID. People, consumers being very insecure in the beginning of COVID, not being able to spend on services and suddenly releasing a huge demand swell, particularly when it comes to consumer electronics and other such products, which then needed shipping. And then on the back of that, you had that incident. And I think that's something to monitor. When you have three moderate incidents or one very big one and then a moderate one, then it, when it comes to these exuberant spikes. And there is a bit to worry because we have another issue that is the Panama Canal. The Panama Canal also being an importing shipping route. And that leads then in this system of transport to certain bottlenecks. So what we'll see and what is the real concern is that the lengthening of the shipping route, not going through the Red Sea, but having to go 30, 40% longer journey across the Cape, that that leads to a shortage of containers, for instance, in Asia in a couple of weeks. Because that backflow is currently not happening at the pace people were planning for. So that's something to monitor. Now we are in a situation where global demand overall is still pretty weak. There's a lot of shipping capacity that came into the market. So the background is very different than what we had two, three years ago when we had that ever given incident. But that's the way we discussed this with our customers, how to think about these events. And it's not sufficient to basically say, okay, we have a moderate event of that size that we need to plan for. The sources of disruption, I think we all feel that geopolitical, natural, particularly climate driven, and also other societal issues, we have more sources of disruptions. So it's more likely that two, three, four of these events somehow accumulate. That really leads us on to, you know, you talk about, you know, the Panama Canal and the areas of the Gulf, which are in the Red Sea, the way that you have these bottlenecks. Maybe, Cathy, if I can pose a question to you, as the reconfiguration thinking starts to take place in all manufacturing organisations where 80% of the problems lie, perhaps, what are the design parameters that sort of influence the way your team is looking at this? Well, I would go back to a similar answer that I gave to strategy in the sense of it. It first starts with your customer. So how are you building that supply chain and the capabilities out to be able to meet those needs over the next few years? It's very easy, especially in a company that's been around 138 years almost, you know, to think that we've got all that infrastructure and we can handle anything. Some of the toughest things you do is really rethink about your supply chain design as it relates to the next five years. And those reconfigurations happen really on two levels. They're strategic reconfiguration, which never will go as fast as you would like it to. And depending on the industry you're in, in healthcare, changing, let alone building a new manufacturing plant, but changing suppliers usually requires regulatory approvals in every country that you're supplying. So those things take not only months but sometimes years. So you have to have that ability to create more choices when you have tactical reconfiguration needs, when you have a Red Sea issue, when you have a hurricane or a typhoon. So it's the ability to build in what we call proactive resilience. So an important part of how we look at things now is the total risk portfolio. And we look at that supply chain design not only through the lens of operational efficiency, of cost, of delivery, but what are the risks that we're facing as a supply chain? How do we prioritize those? And how do we either eliminate the risk or mitigate those? And that is a much more complex, as you mentioned, situation than it was 10 years ago. So I really appreciate the minister's comments that things like, in national defense, you need to put up some protections, but it's very easy for those things to start to expand and create challenges in global trade. So one of the most important things we can do is allow the free flow of goods around the world because that allows us all to optimize our supply chains for the best of each customer. So optimizing for the customer, but also then really understand your risk profile. And you have to build your risk response before you need it. You need to build the foundational elements through digital, through partners and who's your ecosystem of partners that you can activate in the event of an issue. And how you orchestrate those to create that really evolving supply chain. So it's more complex than it was, and that complexity seems to be increasing. From a government perspective that integral supply chains and energy, healthcare and food, what sort of government thinking goes on in terms of looking at the new complexities and the new risks everybody's facing? Well, I think you, I mean, two of the sectors you mentioned are quite interesting because when we look at healthcare, that's where we look at our national security. How can we enable the activities, especially manufacturing of vaccines, of pharmaceuticals and equipment, be located with very little intervention from government in terms of certain policies? So we talk with companies to see what they need us to do as a government. What would make Saudi Arabia interesting for Johnson and Johnson and others? So that will allow us at least to create the foundation of how we can beef up the policy to be balanced between the interests of the different players and our national interests. In the energy, we are actually very competitive. So today, when we talk about green energy and the work that we are doing in Saudi, the renewable projects that have come into place, show that we are very competitive in if it comes to renewables. So the last three projects that were announced of solar are around average of 1.6, 1.7 cents per kilowatts. I mean, this is a very interesting country when it comes to the energy price. That's where we see we can bring something to the table with market dynamics, with competitiveness. It is our job now to make sure that the right installations, the right partners come also to the country. How can we ensure that the overall ecosystem is also built in a way that makes sense for everyone? Because it's not only the energy price, but also the logistics, the capabilities of financing, the human capital. So all of that is being actually done today, not only definitely driven by the government, but also working with private sector. So I think these two sectors illustrate how we tackle each one of them. But definitely, I mean, Saudi Arabia overall, most of what we are doing is going to be based on market dynamics and true competitiveness going forward. And do you imagine sort of trade-offs between sort of that short-term, your current business model and your long-term, maybe more green-based energy transition that's taking place? How do you manage that trade-off between that short-term, long-term thinking? Well, I mean, we are incorporating this with the overall plan. We have announced that by 2030 we will have an energy mix of 50%. And we will reach the net zero by 2060. So that evolution is already built in, in the design, in our, in my sector of industry, for example, when we see new investors coming in, we try to ensure that the execution of the project is also taking this into account. How are they going to be able to convert and become green in not only, not only on the long term, but even in the medium term? So all of the large projects that are related to energy or have an effect will be that aspect of the technology, of the energy sources are looked at at the very early stage, working together with the investor to ensure that they have the right evolution. So all turning of energies, also a new complexity coming in on our table. I mean, there's a bit of a paradox here perhaps, Cathy, and maybe to my I second ask this question around, you know, dual sourcing gives you a bit of that resilience, perhaps, but it also increases the complexity that was perhaps the cause of the original issue. So do you see a paradox between that more extended secondary sourcing and the additional complexity that would bring? So maybe in the sense of if you're optimizing only for simplicity and lowest cost, that might drive you to these single source, sole source solutions. If you're trying to optimize the entire profile of how you deliver your supply chain, including reducing risks, including giving yourself agility in the event of so currency fluctuations. Do you have the ability in some cases to shift your sourcing to help optimize costs because of a currency pair that's changed dramatically from your assumption? Do you have the ability to make sure if you are dual sourcing or triple sourcing in some cases because of the criticality of that component or material that you know all the tiers in your supply chain so you don't falsely believe you have three suppliers and find out they all go back to the same mill or the same location? So it's about acknowledging that you cannot in this world of supply chain only optimize for one variable. We all must rationalize our supply base to get the right ecosystem because building trust with partners takes time. And so this is to me where digital, where AI, where all the tools we do allow us to do this in such an advanced way today to do scenario planning, to do network design, to do these what we used to call kind of the make-by trade-offs very differently than we did before. And I think that's what we're also seeing. That needs to be if you have two locations that are basically very close on the underlying factors and you have relationships, you have a cluster of knowledge in both locations then it's easy to split. But if you really, and that's what some governments now are directly or indirectly promoting with this de-risking, saying well we need to build up an entire new industry cluster in our geography, that's much tougher than many people think. And businesses tend to go, not only where you're close to the customer and the cost of the obvious cost, factor cost, production cost are right, but also the complexity and the risk is an important factor, the rule of law infrastructure which is often forgotten and where countries like Saudi Arabia made good progress. The country is much more open, it's easier to operate than 10 years ago. There's a lot of investments in infrastructure that happened. So that is the base that is needed and on top of that it needs to be a move in that value chain that is that the place where you go is somehow conducive else wise the work to do that, to build up your suppliers is just humongous and takes a lot of time and effort which many companies then are not willing to go through or they just don't have the resources. So I think that is something from a governmental point of view that if you have a certain strength, if you have a certain value add in an existing value chain it's much easier to build on that than to attract an entirely new sector. So if I can also add, I mean also we should remember I mean the advancement in manufacturing that has happened in the last 25 years is really offering so many options today. I mean I used to be in the private sector selling equipment and you needed to produce for example one million pieces of something at a certain point in time to be economical. Now it is reduced to very small numbers. I mean look at additive manufacturing, how much is it giving to the table, 3D printing and so on. So this is also allowing for a lot of capabilities that can be actually relocated or spread around different geographical locations and yet be very competitive because of the technological advancement that have happened in manufacturing and as you rightly said AI and other tools are helping. So I hate to think about relocation of capabilities is only driven by politics. It is driven by also market dynamics. It makes a lot of sense. Again a country like Saudi Arabia have made a great progress because of its own policies and spent in infrastructure and so on but also the ability to adopt new technologies to allow for us to be competitive. So we've seen supply chains really become somewhat more complex. So there's a technological complexity coming in which addresses some of the issues as well. There's the geopolitical narrative that's probably as strong as I've seen it having in 40 years now in looking at supply chains. It's probably as intense as it's ever been and it seems to be continuing to do so. And maybe the third area which I'm finding quite challenging is as we go to net zero targets and environmental, social and governance considerations the regulatory complexity is also becoming very significant. A lot of it for the right reasons to make sure our products are properly produced and properly sourced. So maybe I can pivot to the last bit of questions for the immediate panel before we open it up. So I'll have your questions ready everyone. How does the public, private sector work together with institutions, government regulators in navigating our way through this complexity? Maybe if I go to you first about that. How can you help organisations, firms, small, small-sized, larger companies to sort of navigate this really complex landscape? When I was in the private sector I always thought it's better for government to stay out of business but now more than ever I think the role of governments is becoming very, very instrumental in the regulatory framework, the infrastructure both physical and digital and the human capital development and so on. So I will give you an example about our mining when we started as a country to explore mining we realised it's going to be a sector where we need to be collaborating with other countries. We need to talk to the private sector to understand exactly what they do. As you know, mining is an industry where large companies actually operate in different jurisdictions. So we started this and throughout the last four years we have developed more and more to be attentive to the needs of the private sector. So last week we had the future mineral form. We announced new numbers about our mineral resources going from 1.3 trillion to 2.5. It was actually a result of the work that has been done. Partly from the government in the geogelica survey but also a lot of private sector involvement. And the other side is the large mining company said, look, we like what you're doing but the size of concessions you are giving is quite smaller than what we aim for. So we changed the regulation to also allow for this. It is going to be only happening with very close interaction between government, private sector, to ensure that the right enablers are there. We don't overburden the private sector with different regulations. So one of the things that we are actually talking about as a community, which is almost 80 countries were around one table actually, literally, how can we create a framework of what we define a responsible mining, for example? What are the right standards that will allow us to make sure that investments actually flow in the sector, allow the sector to grow, but at the same time ensure ESG, ensure responsibility, ensure giving back to the society? So leveraging new technologies and skills, responsible practices, co-development of standards in the logistics and distribution space twice, how does that play out for your organisation? Well, I mean, we primarily go where our customers go and that is obviously driven by some of the factors that were mentioned. The, I think, important thing is also to, because you asked what can government do, so next to building on existing strength, I would say first do no harm. So put the rules in place, but also think about the detrimental effect of those rules. And I think in Europe what we're currently seeing, particularly on the ESG topic, is a disaster. It's not advancing the course. It's distracting people from the course. It's creating bureaucracy and it's distracting resources to move the needle, particularly on the journey which we all got that we need to become a low carbon, ultimately no carbon economy. So I think that's a bit of a concern that we have. Focus the interventions on clear incentives, tax carbon for instance, we are a fan of taxing carbon, but get to simple rules that are reliable, that investments can be based on, and that do not create additional risk for business because businesses don't like risk. If you invest into an operating facility, you put five years of work into it and a billion dollars, you don't want to have changing regulation on day two when you go live with that facility and that's what people do fear. So I think that is something that particularly in Europe is a concern that regulation gets more and more granular. In other countries I think are doing that better to make sure that we are adjusting to those objectives and the objectives I think are very much shared. So good intentions in regulation but some unintended consequences perhaps. Maybe just before we jump to questions and be ready to pose them audience, I think there's online opportunities too. So but Cathy maybe just to wrap up on this government academia, we're looking at your role in the chief supply chain officers, a community at the WEF and in the advanced manufacturing and supply chain centre. What's that how best to nurture that relationship with government and academia? I'm a huge believer that public-private partnerships including academia make everything clearer and simpler if they're done well because it means we understand each other's goals. Every government is elected by its citizenry is responsible to that country but also has a bigger accountability to help make sure that global commerce and global trade supports their citizens as well. So one area I would add here is standards and harmonisation. How are we building a clear path forward? Standards in particular help us transcend geopolitics at times. It helps give certainty so that's a space. Here at WEF we're very uniquely positioned if just look around this panel of the ability to bring folks together. So how are we working on workforce development around the globe? How are we assuring that capabilities of small and mid-sized manufacturers are able to expand their reach so that ability to work together on these things and most importantly I'd say to learn from each other. If I think about the global lighthouse network, Johnson & Johnson is very proud to be a part of the founding numbers of the advanced manufacturing because we get to learn from each other and that accelerates best practices, it reduces our learning curve and that is truly an academia, government and industry activity. So those are a couple examples. Fantastic. I'm going to now just open it up to everybody in the room. Anybody would like to pose any questions? Please raise their hand. I've got one just behind me. There's one behind you. Yes. Maybe perhaps just quickly introduce yourself and then the question. Name an organisation. Mark Yost MP Switzerland. Thank you very much. Mr Mayer, I was talking about harming the companies through regulations as far as I know the European Union has a new regulation that made companies accountable for the whole supply chain so from the beginning until the end. My question would be is this a harmful regulation? Where are the challenges for DHL or Johnson & Johnson? Well, I think it is a good example of well intended and I think probably nobody here has an issue with the objective of that regulation but it is particularly reporting requirements that are connected to it and also what is reasonable. We I think in Europe have the bit to tendency that government wants to step in but conveys some responsibility on companies where I would say government is responsible. The rule of law and upholding order is the responsibility of that government and it is a bit also I think from a geopolitical view problematic to have these extraterritorial regulations. You are de facto impeding on the sovereignty of regulation of other countries and if all countries try to do that this is an utterly complex world and it will create more also geopolitical issues if one block says our rules apply to everybody else and by the way we didn't consult you on these so that's the concern that I have with that tendency of extraterritorial reach. It is not the objective of this but it's the bureaucracy and I think we need to be mindful of the geopolitical impact of extraterritorial reach if the US and Europe want to describe to the rest of the world how things need to be done there will be in other parts of the world people who don't like to hear that and I think they have a point. They have a point the west is 10% of the world's population is 10% is not 19% so that's my broader concern around these regulations. I just add that that can then lead to then other areas then wanting to now do the same thing and it just becomes this escalation of things that pile on each other versus can we create a global standard for how we report scope 3 can we create a global standard for traceability and everyone accept that then there can be reporting mechanisms that provide a country or a block with information or a company and increases visibility without creating this escalation of complexity and then we wonder why costs go up.  And maybe disemphasise this importance of the dialogue between public private and academia to have that conversation before the regulations hit the road. Question from the back. Great discussions but passionate discussions so on that topic Subash Makizha co-founder of GEP a supply chain company. So we are struggling with the standardisation of the scope 3 emissions and every company wants to do it I think they have the right intent but we are truly truly struggling how do we bring all these actors into these common standards any thoughts on how to solve that problem? Well I think it's a big issue thanks for mentioning this because this is a great example what people should be discussing here. I think this is something that accounting firms need to discuss because these are the guys who certify ultimately this as part at least for listed companies increasingly and I think rightfully so on that matter these KPIs move into what needs to be audited but obviously on that one it would be extremely wishful to have a global standard and it will become extremely complex back to the earlier discussion on extraterritorial reach if there are conflicting standards around what is counted and how it is counted sounds easy because we're all talking about ultimately about CO2 molecules and you could argue technically you can count them but we obviously if you get into the details what is to be allocated to which player in the chain and so forth is extremely complex and alignment around that is needed within the private sector but definitely also between governments to have these type of discussions and to move forward I mean the greenhouse gas protocol and the multilateral approach was a very good one but it's on the technicalities of executing that it's moving relatively slow I think if I may add I mean it's just like music to my ears what I am hearing regarding the two questions but it's really again back to how can you know different communities work together I mean the first question with regards to different regulation that you know certain governments with the right intention as you mentioned believe that they can pass something and it's just going to be adopted elsewhere I think it's very important that we these kind of activities actually disrupt more than they actually fix and we need to do less of that try to work with global players today in every industry where we want to actually make sure it's doing the right thing there are great players who can be partners with different governments with different jurisdictions to ensure that once we pass something we actually are doing it after great you know testing and not just put it out there and let the private sector deal with it maybe if I can just pull back the conversation for a quick wrap-up and concluding remarks so before I maybe make my own remarks on what I've heard I'm going to ask each of the panellists one action step for the global multi-stakeholder community and remember we've been talking around how supply chains might be reconfigured through technology and new energy transitions and technological transformations but taking account the geopolitical context taking out the dysregulatory complexity and the importance of doing that in a collaborative way so one action step for the global multi-stakeholder community maybe I can start with you brother it's very hard to choose one but I think it's we need to embrace technology is offering great opportunity for solving for so many of the challenges in supply chain and it needs to be done with market dynamics driven rather than politics build on that in the workforce development workforce of the future how are we working across the those three areas public academia and private companies to really make sure that folks are having access to and gaining the skills that are needed to lead in this digital world no matter what no matter what your your role is this is so important for our future economy surprise so to the broader stakeholders in government I would definitely say the last question seek for alignment on the carbon accounting because that's the the next source of conflict when it comes to global trade and you know we should push for more global trade free yard trade and the the carbon issue has the potential to disrupt this even further we're not on a very good track in the last five years when it comes to trade agreements and the like but that is something that I think is worrying some to further increase the complexity in global supply chains when it comes to to single companies I would say don't expect it to get easier and be prepared to also have to deal with multiple events at the time and at least roughly know what this means for your organisation thank you I'm going to just wrap up what I've heard I think fascinating conversations really about what's been happening at a sort of government level at a policy level some of the alignment issues we're now getting in terms of regulation how supply chains are being reconfigured I mean lots of factors at play technology adopting new technologies it's always tricky do we have the human resources and skills to take that on other challenges which we have perhaps less had time to talk about things like cyber security some of the geopolitical tensions that we touched on quite difficult to predict where they're going to where's the next one going to be so I think one of the sort of concluding thoughts I've had from this conversation has been actually we can't do it on our own whether you're a large company or a small organisation or a tech player whether you're operating in a single region the need to have supply chains at criss-costs geographies it really is driving a collaborative conversation I mean for me it really is a great segue to how to engage with all of us individually in our role at the international Centre for International Manufacturing at the Institute for Manufacturing in Cambridge we very much have been looking at these issues for many years but I really wanted to ask all participants both online and in the room to connect with our centre for advanced manufacturing and supply chains it's a relatively new centre that pulls together all of these thoughts in a collaborative way maybe I can ask Kathy just to say one word about how to perhaps connect with that community in particular and also the other communities you're involved in in the chief supply chain officers forum for example thank you, no no so please you know number one reach out through the community here you can start with the website that can connect you to the various initiatives within that group I think everyone that is engaged you know the tremendous asset of this community is the desire to learn from each other the desire to bring more more folks in so whether it's through the lighthouse program and really working on how manufacturing sites and value chains are moving through that for IR transformation or whether it's we do through the COO and CSCO community there are just many ways to interact and I'd start there and reach out to any of us that are engaged so thank you Jack and I think on that point when I'm going to just thank the minister thanks to Kathy and thanks to Tobias for their fabulous thoughts open thoughts on the conversations so do reach out to both the global council on advanced manufacturing and value chains we've got a theme at the moment on identifying future supply chain scenarios which many of the organisations in the room and here are going to be participating in connect up with our centre for advanced manufacturing and supply chains engage with us through various forums that are available throughout the year so I'd like to thank everybody again for that and I'll close the session here thank you all thank you