So, welcome everyone to this Dragon's Dance session as part of the CBA conference. As you see, we are doing some last minute interaction with our courageous pitchers because we had to do all of this virtually. And so in the last three days, we had to discuss and communicate with participants to the CBA, who till then had probably not thought of doing a five minute pitch about their innovative projects. And that's why it took us right till this morning to finalize the pitches because as you know, if you pitch in front of an investor panel, then quite a bit of time goes into developing your pitch. They say we had little time to do that in three days. So welcome everyone to this Dragon's Dance. Next slide, please. Next slide. A Dragon's Dance is not a Dragon's Dance without dragons. You actually can see our investor dragons already in this group, they are here with us. So thank you very much Bijal Brampat, Edith Kish, David So and Pam Tuam An. Bijal Brampat is a director of the Mahila Housing Trust in India, which is an organization that helps women in India to have safe and sustainable housing. Edith Kish is director of development and portfolio management at Altilia Funds. David So has 20 years experience in impact investment and asset management. And Tuam An, last but not the least, has the experience of doing a pitch in a Dragon's Dance and winning that pitch. And after she won the pitch two years ago, her sustainable forest restoration project really took a flight. And so from the experience of being in the position of pitching her project, she's able to ask some critical questions along with the of course very important critical and constructive questions that our dragons will pose to our pitchers. Next slide, please. So we asked our participants to show their project and we asked them to have five important components to show in this Dragon's Dance. The first thing is that we were looking for innovative climate impact projects. So the climate adaptation or mitigation impact is a very important component. To that of course, if you do a climate solution project, you don't want to have a negative impact on other sustainable development issues. So we've asked for projects that also if possible have a broader sustainable development outcome. The business case or the potential business case is important in this case because we are looking for projects that are scalable and that's in the future, maybe at a longer time frame, but anyway that at some point have the capacity or the potential to attract private finance. That does mean that in the short term it's completely fine to have a project that is looking for grant funding or for philanthropic finance. Scalability of the project in the long run is crucial for this particular challenge and when you work on a project, as we all know, your team is super important. So we also asked the pitchers today to give a little insight into the team that is behind the idea that they pitch. Next slide please. So these are the five main criteria that the Dragons will look at when they ask for the questions and when they decide who's the winner. The structure of this session is that after the introduction, all pitchers hold that pitch for five minutes, then one of the Dragons will ask one question to the person that is doing the pitch after they have pitched and when everyone has pitched their idea, then the Dragons will go into a breakout room where they will decide amongst themselves who is the winner. In the meantime, the audience gets a chance to ask some additional questions to the pitchers and they will vote for their winner as well. So at the end of the session we will have an audience voted winner and we have a winner decided by the Dragons. We are not going to announce the winner as yet. The winner will be announced tomorrow in the final closing session in the plenary space. So in the plenary session tomorrow, the winner will be announced. I will now give the floor to Fanny Verkauvin, my colleague at ICM Netherlands Committee, and she will take you through the pitch session. Thank you, Jan Willem. We can go to the next slide which presents an overview of almost all the pitchers. So I think Laetitia is doing some last-minute adjustments to this slide so you might see another name appearing on there as Pitcher H because we're going to have eight pitchers today. Like Jan Willem already mentioned, you have five minutes for each pitch. I'm going to be introducing you, but apart from that, I'm also going to be a timekeeper for this session. So what I'll do, I have a really nice and very loud butler bell. You have five minutes for your pitch after the first four minutes have passed so when you have only one minute left, I will ring the bell like this, which is a clear sign that there's only one minute left for you. No need to get nervous, but do keep in mind that when you have 20 seconds left, I will be ringing the bell again. And then we're really going to ask you to wrap up. And for the wrap up, I have some backup support of Laetitia. We really need to move on to the question from the dragons and she might interpret with muting your microphone, but we'll just see how it goes. Then I think one more thing important to mention as well is that Laetitia is in control of the slide. So if you want to move towards the next slide, just kindly mention next slide please and then she will do that for you. That's it. Not much more to mention. I think we can start with our first presenter, our first picture. And I would like to give the floor to Enid Zagrais. Yes, Enid Zagrais. You can be a little louder or maybe keep your microphone a little closer to your mouth. Is it much better now? Perfect. Okay. Thank you. Thank you. Hello, everyone. My name is Inezza, please call me Inezza. I am here to pitch the youth coalition. Next slide please. The world is behind in achieving the sustainable development goals and the Paris Agreement. In short, we are far from behind in delivering our promises to the next generation, which is a sustainable environment. Currently, the youth participation in decision making is tokenistic, good for the picture. And the youth face challenges in highlighting their contribution in the achievement of their both decision. This leads to an increase of vulnerable community exposure along the globe and there's no sustainable solution for our current climate issues. And most importantly, there's untapped youth opportunity resting on the national and international level. Although these challenges are all over the world, global South youth are more exposed to this damage. Next please. Our program aims to train the youth in project design and climate policy, fund youth participation in COP and in a consistent manner and open a window for youth lead projects. We will produce blogs, videos and storytelling, but also promote the youth contribution to go beyond advocacy, where we'll be able to implement, design a community based adaptation project to address the loss and damage in the in the own community perspective. What we need right now for our eight month pilot is a grant of 100,000 US dollars, which will be used to train the youth and also to find two youth lead projects and also to build a momentum of partnership. Our system and our system is the stream lies in our ability to have partners such as global developers, foundation and national and also to sell our blogs on international level. Next please. Our team is currently made by 18 youth from four youth lead organization from the global South and the global North, as you can see on the screen. We have the Green Fighter, the UK Youth Climate Coalition, the British Columbia Council for International Cooperation, International Justice Initiative based in Australia. We have two coordinators, CD, the Coast Day and I, Inezo Mouzagres. We have a background in project development, critical thinking, leadership, fundraising and also youth mobilization. Thank you. Thank you Inezo. That's great and well within time, it was three minutes. Thank you so much and really nice to hear. In the background, the teacher is going to be switched to another presentation, which has the slides of the last picture. So I would like to ask one of the dragons, if there is a question for Inezo. Hi Inezo, fantastic opening as the first one to start with a pitch, very brave of course. Looks like a very exciting idea that you're working on training. Could you give an example of what type of training, what do you hope to teach them? Can you give an example of some of the habits that perhaps young people are not doing today, but you hope to achieve through your training? Thank you so much. First of all, we would train how to get the voice of the voices community on the table. We address the local community youth to be able to write blogs and story and give them a mechanism to share their concern and exposure of the vulnerable community. And on the other side, we'll train the youth to be able to go from an idealization into implementation of the solution that they think their community needs in order to adapt for the climate change. And on our side, what we do, we give them a platform for having advisors and experienced people that will guide those youth. So basically what we want to do is like to train the youth to go from point zero to a certain point where they'll be able to implement with concrete results, something tangible for the community, vulnerable community in a sense that will deliver indication on the national and international level and has, we can actively contribute to the achievement of the sustainable development goals and policy agreements. That's great. Thank you. Thanks. Thank you, Anica. And thank you, David. It was indeed very, very good to start off with. I think we're ready for the next presenter and the next pitch.  Juliette, are you ready? Yes, I am. Okay, great. Then I think Latitia is going to share your video with us, because we now still see Anica. A couple more seconds to get Juliette on screen. Yes, there you are. Okay. Welcome, Juliette. And please take it away. Thank you very much. We could have that first slide, please. So welcome everyone. Good morning and good evening wherever you're watching from. So this is going to be something interactive. I want you to use your imagination. Imagine a moving bus with moderated conversations of young people, by young people, for the young people on climate action. Just imagine that, like, let that sink in. Next slide, please. So what I'm introducing to you this afternoon is the climate action media van.  It's about promoting climate action and awareness through experimental journalism, conservation tourism, community service with support of technology in Uganda with environmentally conscious young people actively responsible for participating climate action in their communities. Next slide, please. So the project background and the idea behind the climate action van is it's going to be a journalistic advocacy vehicle that will be used to create awareness about climate change and adaptation among youth in Uganda. The van will be an attractive enabler for community outreach is to engage young people in a fun and destructive way that fuses journalism, travel, community service and climate action in one experience. The thing is, as young people, we struggle to comprehend the complex topics of climate change and the result of this project is that we'll be able to understand what climate change is all about, how it affects our communities and how it can be involved as change agents, because the moment we associate with it, the whole van experience and the fun moment with the neighbors to take action. The other bit about this project is we are fusing journalistic storytelling, travel and life technology to enable the team of journalists to immerse themselves into the realities of climate change in the various communities and report from a contextual standpoint. Next slide, please. So the challenge that we've discovered is recent reports show that Uganda's greenhouse gas emissions per capita in the world are estimated at 1.39 times carbon dioxide, which is far below the global average of 7.99 times. What that means is we are not emitting as much yet by the end of that day we are going to be most affected by the impacts of climate change. Public knowledge about the effects of climate change on a day to day in the lives of Uganda is very limited. Also, the existence of the innovations that communities can adapt hasn't really been highlighted a lot. The other challenge that we discovered is media coverage of environmental challenges, such as climate change and disaster risk reduction is inadequate. Hence limited action is being taken by a majority of Uganda's that affected by these impacts. Without effective communication of information and knowledge about any disasters, communities are left without the power to take action for sustainable living. Hence that climate action done. Next slide, please. So the goal of the climate action media project is to build a resilient movement of young people empowered with knowledge and tools on climate change to increase local contextual knowledge awareness and a sense of individual responsibility about climate issues among young people in Uganda and also without effective media reporting about climate change in order to increase informed, relatable and compelling communication about climate change and the disaster risk reduction in Uganda. Next slide, please. Next slide, yes. So how this works is we are going to have community engagement and we are looking at driving to 100 communities targeting schools in and out of school youth. Youth will enter the bus and have conversations about climate change that these conversations will be recorded and shared on our media platforms. The experimental solutions in journalism with partnerships with communities will ensure that the young journalists are immersed within the community to experience firsthand the effects of climate change and then have youth driven conversations on community service. Next slide, please. Next slide. Yes. So how we are going to your last remarks, Juliet. Thank you. Yeah, so this is how we are going to ensure sustainability. Previous slide, please. Advertising using the van, community trips, scholarships, sponsorships, marketing of conservation tourism trips, TV production, radio podcast, media, media training, research and media product activation. We believe that this will enable us to sustainably get the project moving. Next slide, please. Thank you, the teacher. I'm really sorry we have to. I think we have to end it here. Yes, we've been over the five minutes. I guess this was going to be your last slide or not on the team. Yes. Yeah, yeah. How do you, Juliet, how do you plan to involve more women in what local context you plan to talk about? So one of the local context that we intend to talk about is the issue of food security. And it's mostly the women that are involved within the food production and the other ones that are actually being affected by climate change issues. So we intend to go out to them and tell their stories from their perspective, as well as ensure that they learn from other communities on what they're doing when it comes to the same subject. So we'll ensure that we tell their stories, but as well as make sure that they learn from other communities what's being done. Thank you. That was also the dragon's question already. Thank you so much, Juliet, for your pitch and then we're ready to go to the next one. Just a small intermediate. My apologies for for turning off my microphone and reading the bell at the same time. I understand that that you didn't get any notes. I'll keep my my sound on for now. And then I think we're ready for Samuel is waiting for the video of Samuel to show so that we all see our next presenter. Okay. The floor is yours. Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Samuel. I'm pitching on behalf of Inovia a project. The AgroDip project is a solar powered irrigation system, activating farm blocks and settlements for efficient, consistent year on supply, food chain and monitoring of agricultural produce. Our target customer is a small order farmers in we're looking also at investor agency as well as non-governmental organizations. This project is a pet project at Inovia and it has a desired impact of well over 23 million targets farmers, small scale farmers. And then our problem, our problem is actually solving the challenges associated with zero with hunger and we're reducing poverty to the minimal and true women empowerment used in green agricultural as well as green economic growth. And then as well, we are promoting climate action and gender equality as well as economic quality. It's so doing we're reducing migration, climate migration that arise due to rural or bar migration. And our target is by 2020 we're projecting up to 25,000 geocorporities and 100,000 different from across Africa or into the large and huge economic and market size. And our ideas as a, as a team, we are a venture ready team, and we have resources and business models that are able to scale through our market discovery. And on scale we have a micro micro grid economy team, an aggregate and a station managers team solution architects control station offices and platform managers. And on these they are able to formalize a strong business model development and then our, our, our targets is actually human. So our project is human centric and we're seeking venture development frameworks. In these we are looking for the partnership for scale and which is essential to install other nodal plants across the region. So this next slide please. Next slide please. So imagine a situation whereby farmers can have easy irrigation system without having to go to too much stress in irrigating their farm produce and then this this irrigation system systems are smart enough to to to reproduce yields as well as money for water control for some of certain of the across that require as minimal supply. So the energy sources are totally renewable and then there's an energy drain where energy is conserved. I'm really sorry. I'm really sorry. Sorry, someone to interrupt we you were breaking a little bit if helps the connections which off the video. Thanks. Sorry. All right, on the scalability this, this process can actually scale through farm assessments and cluster families. And this is achievable by building another plants storage system and water facilities across each nodes. Our advantage is that we have a reliable and efficient drainage system as opposed to the what has used to be the practice in manual irrigation system. We have season run irrigation with guaranteed with a technology transfer based on the useful consumption and data to yield ratio is an innovation that comes from smart agricultural practices. Then we have concerned energy and precision water supply. Our team is a formidable team of investor of financial and economic strength, and then we have also a Greek extension officers as part as well as development consultants which can actually help and collaborate with other international agencies to work better on making the scalable across sectors. Thank you very much. Thank you Samuel, that's also well within time. Maybe, I'm not sure, was there a next slide with an overview of the team or not? Oh no, no, this is your last slide. Yeah, thank you so much. I also think we have a dragon who'd like to ask you a question. Thanks Samuel, this is very interesting project. I would be interested to hear a bit about the technology. What's the track record of it? Is it already a proven technology and is there already a pilot somewhere in place? Thank you. Yeah, it's a pilot in place already as shown and we have partners in Bangladesh. We executed the first launch and it works perfectly well and we look to scale also in Africa and Nigeria as we have farm settlements developing such opportunities as well. Thank you. Good to hear. Thank you. Yes, we are ready for the next picture. We just keep it going and the next one will be Pauline Nautango. I think we're just waiting for the video of Pauline so that we again have our picture in front of us. I have shared my video. Yeah, Letitia is managing the Zoom so she can show, yeah, she can install it the right way. Pauline, I can see you now. Yes, please go ahead. Okay. Yes, good afternoon everybody. I'm presenting a pitch which is in form of a fund, an investment facility that will support the acceleration of landscape restoration activities done as a business. Is Letitia going to share my PowerPoint? Yeah, you can mention when she can move on towards the next slide. Okay. Letitia, this is a facility that is targeting to work with landowners that have innovative land use activities that also act as businesses. And Letitia, next slide. The way this is supposed to work, the way it's going to work, we work with the land owners. We support them to turn their land use activities into business ideas, maintain connectivity in the wildlife corridors, while at the same time building the resilience and adaptation of the communities themselves. Through this fund, we would like to deliver some financing to the communities, some financing to the smallholders through structures that they own to optimize the opportunities that they have, the opportunities that are presented by the landscape. Next slide. The opportunities are in form of markets. We would like to identify markets that we can link these initiatives to. The communities that we work with, they are in food production, several non timber wood products. So we would like to support them to invest that they can sell, but at the same time, the way they structure that land use is such that it will restore, it will promote the restoration of the provision of environmental services in the land. They already have these initiatives, they already have the plans, but they don't have the financing to scale it up to commercial level. So we would like to come up with this fund that provides some seed financing. Next slide. That provides some seed financing that can be given to these communities as in form of loans. So once we work out the relationships with the value chain of takers, then we support these farmers to grow trees for the market or to invest in land use activities that revolve around tree growing, but with the market in mind. So we establish these connections with the market, such that by the time they start producing whatever is coming out of the sustainable land use, there is already a market to take that. But what we need now is the market does not provide upfront financing. So we would like to support to do those initial investments, but once they do the investments, we also quantify the environmental services and the environmental services are commoditized, but instead of those environmental services being paid directly to the farmer, they form the colato that will leave that will, if in the event that they fail to pay back the loan, they use to pay to pay the loan. So we want to have this kind of a cycle whereby upfront financing is given, generate environmental services. Those environmental services are used to access additional funding, such that we provide multiple income opportunities for those holders, such that it is that economic sense in managing land that way that sustains the landscape restoration initiatives. We have a very diverse team that we work with over community developers, business developers, payment environmental services experts, and by diversity experts like myself that we think that we have both the social infrastructure, the technical understanding and the experience to make this facility work. Thank you very much. Thank you, Pauline. Yes, right on the break of five minutes. Was there, did you have another slide on the team or was this the last slide? Maybe this was the last slide. Okay. No, that's the last slide. Thank you. Okay. Then I think we have a question from one of the dragons. Yes. Hi Pauline. It looks like this is something similar to microfinance. Is that correct? Is what you're trying to achieve is kind of small loans? They'll be paid back and you want to set up some microfinance capability? Yes, it's some sort of microfinance capability, but right now these particular individuals we are targeting cannot access microfinancing because they don't have a credit history. So what we would like to do is to first to create a credit history using through this payment for environmental services approach finance by de-risking the microfinance by paying it with the payment for environmental services for income from payment for environmental services. But yes, it's a form of microfinance that is reaching those that are currently not reached even by microfinance. Thank you. Thank you. That's clear. This means that we're halfway from, we've seen the first four pitches and we're on to the next four and Anissa Grace, who we've seen in the first picture, she has yet another business case to share with us. As I understand from the teacher, from the controller that Anissa, when you start speaking your video will pop up. Okay. So I already hear you. Yes, there you are again. Okay. Please go ahead. Thank you again. My name is Neza Mosa-Grace. Please call me Inesa. I'm a random. I'm here again to pitch a project for the rural community in the sustainable economic development. Next day please. The word is the word currently is investing in sustainable development. But the rate of achieving this is variable and rural youth in the global south are far behind in achieving this. The agriculture sector being the major economic activity is threatened by the climate change, down the gradation. This is also associated with other local challenges such as gender inequality and youth employment. This leads to the loss of biodiversity, the low rate for social economic development, and there's more pronounced gender inequality, especially in the rural area. Next please. We have a pilot project located in Kibirisi sector, which is a 100% rural area in Randa. The project is aiming to conserve the natural forests of Kibirisi, while empowering local youth to form a cooperative, to send natural honey on the local market. In addition to this, we will help initiate a community-based fund for women and girls to have access on finance for their economic development. Next please. What we need for our term of pilot is a grant of 50,000 UK pounds to train the youth into conservation and have advice on how to manage community-based funds. We will create a cooperative of 50 youth, 25 female, 25 males. We will start 300 beehives in the forests, and we will use the software on how to manage the fund and the profitability of the selling that we'll be making. Our potential income stream are to save the honey, where one kilogram in Randa is selling on 26 pounds, and each beehive can produce up to 10 kilograms. We will also serve handcraft material and invest in small sector business, such as agriculture, sewing, and other economic business that can be designed by women in the sector. Next please. Our team is made by four youths from rural and urban background, with an expertise in climate policy, business administration, business management, photography, and also team breeding and project implementation. Next slide please. Thank you. Thank you, Anica. And again within three minutes or almost for three minutes. Very good. I think we have a question from one of the dragons for you. Okay. Hi, Anica. Very nice to see the project. I was wondering, what's the scale? You mentioned with 50,000 grand, what would you achieve the size of the business, and if you could elaborate on the, if I heard correctly, the protection of the forest, how would that be achieved in parallel with the activities like the honey protection? Thank you. Thank you so much. So the project, they naturally, the forest currently is facing deforestation because the community use, are getting used to cut trees for chocos and other activity. So we will initiate a conservation where the community will take part in conserving the forest, but the youth in the sector will be the one to protect the forest because they will be having a linkage for the economic development. So we will, and we work with the district to install 300 beehives as an initial pilot, so the youth will protect the forest because they know that they will get money. And from getting the money, when they're making profit, we will use that profit to initiate a community-based fund for women and girls to access money for their development, because this is a high-risk area because they are the community under the poverty line in Rwanda, so they don't have enough funds to access development and they cannot, they can, they can even access bank loans. So we will be giving them an ability to have within themselves something that can make them easier for them to access funds. Thank you. Thank you so much. Thanks. Yes. And then we're ready for our next presenter, who is Janet Chapman, and that's going to be the sixth pitch we're going to see today. Yes, Janet, there you are. You're so immune. The floor is yours. Thank you. So my name is Janet Chapman and I'm from Tanzania Development Trust and I'm pitching on behalf of Amboni Avijana or Eyes of the Youth, one of our partners. Next slide, please. MVG was set up by Benedicto Hosea in 2013 in this small village of Zeze in Western Tanzania, near to the Burundi border. Benedicto is the son of subsistence farmers, a path he always expected to follow, but he unexpectedly got the chance to go on to secondary school and then college, which opened his eyes to the causes of the increasing hunger and poverty in his village due to climate change. Unfortunately, his poor connectivity doesn't allow him to be here himself today, so I'm pitching on his behalf, but I've been working with him for seven years and spent over eight weeks in Zeze over 10 visits. I'm in daily contact with him on WhatsApp, so I know it very well. After graduating Benedicto returned to Zeze and started MVG to educate his community about climate change and how to raise his community out of extreme poverty. I'm presenting this as an example of a bottom-up integrated approach to climate change. Next slide, please. Okay, this is an overview of how the project works. Next slide. So there are many issues in Zeze. It's a typical Tanzanian village, but they have succeeded in solving many of them. So they've done conferences, youth camps and many training sessions around climate change already over the last three years. Shifting farming is a huge issue, so they've set up beehives and villages have a share in the income so that they protect the trees. Increasing population means increasing need for firewood, destroying trees, so they've so far planted over 11,000 trees involving many local groups and started production of fuel-efficient stoves. Next slide, please. And poor access to water is really critical, meaning that almost all of the villagers can't grow crops outside the rainy season. So far they've drilled over 40 boreholes by hand, sometimes taking six days drilling through hard rock. That's given access to over 24,000 people. They've also dug five ponds to irrigate 10 acres, meaning that 80 particularly needy families can double their crops. It was impossible for local people to get business to start small businesses, so they set up a microfinance revolving fund initially with only £200 and a business training scheme to go with it. So far over a thousand local women have benefited from that and successfully set up small businesses improving their income. Poor roads to the village led to major problems getting goods to market, so they're setting up a food processing plant so that maize and cassava can be processed locally, keeping more of the profit in the village. Next slide, please. So as I said, 98% of farmers don't have access to water year round, so what they really want to do is expand the irrigation system they already have to a further 80, further 50 acres in year one. Increasing horticulture, particularly tomatoes, means that they need cold storage locally to avoid crop loss. Currently up to 30% of tomatoes are lost during the rainy season in particular and 20% year round. Youth unemployment is particularly high, especially for people with disabilities, so they want to expand the fuel efficient stove production and recruit and train women and other youth with disabilities. And as I said, there is increasing need for firewood, so they want to expand the tree planting programme and plant 20,000 trees in year one. Next slide. So expanded irrigation will mean 400 families, more families will be able to double their harvests. Cold storage will lead to a reduction in crop loss and the stove project will bring first time unemployment to 30 people with disabilities. The tree planting will bring employment to four women and two men and it will selling seedlings and firewood and timber from de-branching will bring in 10% of the expenditure, the capital expenditure each year. Next slide. So this is what we're asking for. All of the above will go into a revolving fund, the profits will be plowed back into the community. We have a very good track record, we've been doing this over the last five years. We're also looking for long term partnerships, particularly with business leaders advice on how we can access climate funding. Next slide please. Thank you very much. Those are our contact details. Thank you. Thank you, Janet. It's nice to hear. I think we also have a question from one of the dragons. Is that a question? Yes, Twanang? Yeah, I have a question for Janet. It seems that your community faces a lot of difficulties and actually if I were you, I don't know where to start with. So can you give us some ideas about the current main source of income? Do they have enough productive land? Yes, well, land is not a particular issue. I mean the issue is access to water and also access to capital. Those are the two limiting factors. So, yeah. Do they have competitive products? Well, I mean, so the people there are subsistence farmers. They're generally growing maize, beans, cassava for personal use and they sell surplus. There's a huge potential to expand into more cash crops such as things like tomatoes and peppers and so on, but that does need access to water and small capital investments initially for seeds and irrigation and so on. But it has huge potential. Thank you. Thank you, Janet. Thank you. We can move on towards the next picture and that's Izel Lombatan, our second man in the group. Izel, I think your video will pop up once you start. Hello. Good evening, everyone. Good evening from the Philippines and good morning from the UK. Hi. Welcome. Yes, the floor is yours. Hi, I'm Izel Lombatan. Hi, I'm Izel R. Lombatan, the communications officer of the city agriculture office in Cagayan Dioro. So can you present to us our main slide, please, the first slide? So my presentation in Cagayan is all about the river of gold. The river of gold in Cagayan Dioro City, Philippines. For those of you who are asking, let me start by saying what is like just like you watching me right now from the Philippines.  Next slide, please. So it's just a background of Cagayan Dioro City. Cagayan Dioro City is the city of golden friendship and we have, as you can see in the map, there's a map out there. That's the city of golden friendship and we are a city surrounded by water. Basically, our main is a river. Our dividing point is a river. And as I've said, my first part is that water is life, but the next part is also water is also a sign of death. In 2011, we suffered typhoon Senbong, which killed 1,000, almost 1,000 people. And I'm very, very sad about that catastrophe that lives of my fellow citizens. And now our solution, as somebody who's working for the government, we propose that we have to develop spring development, one. Second proposition is that we need to create more small reservoirs. And the third one is to create solar powered pump. As of the moment, as working as somebody in the agriculture sector, water is of the essence in doing, especially now in the onset of the COVID crisis, in the onset of food insecurity. We need to wrap up and scale up our food production process. And these tools, the access to water is very, very essential. Just a fun fact, again, the Aurora River is an untapped and undeveloped water resource. Why is this, why is this project innovative? One, it will benefit both integrative farming, fish and vegetable nursery. Two, it will increase food production and address food insecurity. Third, and it will minimize water flooding into the area. It will address most, for most of the SPGs. And the financial value is that we don't have, we have certain funds for each of the projects. But for the solar power pumps, solar power pumps, which is the most essential, was the most essential project. Each, for two solar pumps, it will cost two million pesos, and it will cover three hectares of vegetable land. So if we can have that piece worth, we could help, it could really help our infill and farmers. So the financial value is that, speaking in behalf of the 15,000 farmers and the 1,000 registered fishermen, I am speaking that water is of the essence in doing their business. And of course, allow me to share the story of Mitracy Palapar. Mitracy Palapar is a farmer in Mambuaya, a hinterland barangay, here in Cagayan, York City. And he has a former resort and now he's engaged into business, which is, he converted his business, his school into a fish fund. And now, he is now engaged into, into Fisher, Fish Fund, which is very essential, which is contributing to production of fish in the hinterland, because the hinterlands relax the fish. And the people working in the, people in this community, in this projects are, of course, again, the Aurora River Basin Management Council, the Agriculture, Productivity Office, and the City Government in the Aura, together with DNR, Department of Agriculture, and the Philippine Coast Guard. And with that, having that said, I'd like to emphasize that water is of the essence to upscale the agricultural productivity in an urban setting, especially that we have experienced catastrophe and disasters. And with, out of the dragon, I'd like to encourage everyone to help us create a safe living and productive water from the ridge down to the reef. Thank you so much. Thank you, Isha. The teacher has just shown some of the slides, which have nice photographs of the area in the Philippines. Is there a question from one of our dragons? Yeah, Isha, you seem to be a part of the government, if I'm not mistaken. Yes. Why should your government itself not invest into this project, and why are you seeking funds from outside? Somebody who is, who is, I believe, the resources of the government right now is really not really limited. But of course, yeah, we have already, they were the funds. But I think it's very important, it's very essential for the private and the public partnership, which is the government and the private sector. And the government, as you can see in the pictures, we have already been doing this, we've been doing the three projects, but as of the moment, it's still not enough. And we are knocking on the public sector that if we could collaborate and add more value to the work that our farmers and fisherables have been doing in the hinterlands, it would be really a great help in keeping, in sustaining our food security, especially in an urban and metropolitan city like the end of the year. Thank you so much. Thank you for that. And thanks for the, for the presentation. And we are already ready for our last presenter. Let me see our Gaya. And I think when you start speaking, your video will, will show as well. Hello, everyone. Thank you. Yes, we are ready for you. Okay, great. Thank you so much. So, there's nine slides and I would request that we just go through the first seven. So, yeah, I'm presenting on behalf of Planet Act and just to establish we are a network-based international organization. We can move to the next slide. So, social need that we have identified is adaptation decision making which is informed both by science and local knowledge. So, there's an existence of a wealth of scientific knowledge, which is hard to interpret and apply by users and is equally hard to communicate by the people who produced that knowledge. At the same time, there's local knowledge, local level observations that may lack a global lens and it's also been experienced that there's a loss of Indigenous knowledge. So, our social need is actually addressing the problem from both the supply as well as the demand side. Next, please. What is our solution? We are proposing the creation of a carder of climate scenario knowledge brokers and what we are saying is that these people are who can understand and interpret climate models but they can also at the same time integrate local and traditional knowledge which will then help facilitating adaptation decision making and help design and implement solutions. At the same time, we are hoping that these people will have the capacity to continue to learn. Next slide, please. What are our climate and sustainability impacts? We are clearly in the space of better informed climate-related decision making. So, climate action is the first one and then we believe in the way we work is networked with partnerships across the globe but mostly in the global south and global north and we are also suggesting, so that brings out the SDG 17. We are also talking about its applicability to both urban and rural context which is why we have sustainable cities and communities there. We're talking about integrating knowledges and we are also talking about working with land. So, that's why we have these SDGs listed here. Next slide, please. What is the innovative and new offer? The newest thing is the fact that these climate scenario portals are very recent and they have been evolving but at the same time, if people have the time to access each of these links provided, they have become much more accessible now than ever. So, for professionals that are in climate sensitive sectors like health, agriculture, infrastructure, what this can allow is for them, apologies, for them to be located in their local contexts and be able to work with internationally produced climate knowledge. It will help improving their positioning in the job and labour market and at the same time, improve their access to further training opportunities. Next slide, please. The potential revenue streams, we have been speaking to a lot of different actors who some of whom have said that funds can come through training fees but if one considers the people, the users of this knowledge, ideally what we are looking for are startup funds, especially for the design of the course and then international funders who may be interested in sustainability capacity development in this field. Next slide, please. Our team is our Coordination Hub which I am also part of. It's our network of advisors, researchers and experts and then finally the people that support and could be our potential collaborators. Next slide. This is some of the relevant literature we have referred to. Thank you so much. Thank you, Sumiti. What was a moving presentation, literally. I'm not sure if you want to have a question from one of the dragons. I assume we do but you, well, we added you later on to our list of presenters. So, is there one of the dragons that would like to ask a question to Sumiti? The dragons must have questions. Maybe just, sorry. Yeah, thanks a lot for the presentation. I might have missed, so is it applicable in one country or is it the cross countries that you are targeting and I also didn't catch what's the size of funding you would enable you to reach this program. Thank you. Yeah, thank you for those questions. So what we've been working with initially right now, if we can show the second last slide, our partners mostly from Africa. So what we are hoping for is to scale it starting with Africa because we have partners here and there has been, please go up in our team. And yeah, so if you look at ACDI, CSAC, they're both at UCT and they've been delivering this program already. There's a lot of demand for it but they're not able to meet the demand right now. So I think in terms of scaling, definitely working with Northern institutions probably from Germany where PlanAdapt is located. But also then as the experience grows, scaling it to other countries of the global south. I hope I've answered both the questions. If there's more, please repeat. Yeah, just the size of funding you're looking for. Oh yes, sorry, the size of funding. So I think we were a bit late in coming for the pitch so that's one of the questions that I was not able to wet with the team. But if we are chosen or if we can take this idea forward, I think that would give us an opportunity to get back or work with the potential funders. In my view, there would be an initial pilot fund and then based, so the initial funding would be to create the program itself. And my apologies for the noise. It's a public holiday in South Africa right now so everybody's home. No worries about that. Thank you indeed for your presentation and your pitch. And with that last presentation, we've seen all of our eight pitchers for today's Dragon Dance session. What I think we're going to do now is that all the dragons, they will get together in a separate breakout room away from us for a moment and they will, well, they'll put their findings and their results next to each other. So Lutitia, she will put the dragons in the breakout room and the dragons will come back after 10 to 15 minutes. So in the meantime, we have some time for our questions in a minty meter pool. I see some dragons who are leaving us. Yes. Okay, now that the dragons are gone, we can speak freely again. Once again, thank you everyone for your presentations. If we were in the actual conference, I think the room would have given you all a big applause.  There was only time for one question for each presentation during the session or during the pitches. But now we have some time for additional questions or maybe suggestions or sharing of ideas. So what I actually want to do is just open up and see if anyone from the audience might have a question or a suggestion for any of the presenters. And I do realize that it's very exciting. Yes, Lutitia. I have a question. Just before we go to the minty meter. I'm very curious to hear what's the experience of the pitcher, like how he's putting together a pitch and what they learned from their experience. Thank you. Is there one of the presenters who would like to share something with us? Yes. I'm happy to talk as well if Anise is not ready. I found it a really interesting experience. I wish I'd planned to do this a lot, lot earlier. So it was very, for us, it was very, very last minute and trying to get hold of all of the relevant financials at the last minute is very challenging. But I think it's extremely useful experience to go through. Thanks. That's nice to hear. Anita? Okay. So for me, I would like to share the fact that it's a kind of a challenging three days that you have to go through. And for people like us in the public sector where we tend to picture everything into impact. So it's good to learn how you can translate your impact into a business case. And you can attract investors. So what you're doing will last even after the initial ground. So it's really amazing and actually something I can recommend for everyone. And it's not a scary thing. You can go with an idea. Then you have a support team to help you translate your idea into concrete steps that you need to take in order to implement it. Thank you. Thank you. Yeah. I see there's a question from Caroline, but I think I also saw a raise hand from Samuel. Did you want to share your experience? Yeah. Thank you, everyone. Thank you organizers for the community based adaptation conference 14th edition. It's a really good opportunity to share ideas and then rub minds and meet with people of like minds. Developing this and pushing forward solutions and ideas, we found that it was quite challenging. And another opportunity we had was the opportunity to have a training on pitching, which is really, really impactful. Of course, I learned new things and so to develop a skill for every existing business or an idea or a model or an action that is really solving climate action through adaptation. We're part of the African adaptation use network and then Africa's economy and it's good to be here. And I look forward to future partnership and engagements in commensurate adaptation. Thank you very much. That's nice to hear. Everyone is rather positive. And then sharing with us just go for it if you feel that you have an idea. Caroline, you raised your hand earlier, but I also saw a remark from you in the chat. Is there anything else that you'd like to share? Hi. Thanks so much, Caroline from the British Red Cross. I really liked all of the presentations. I did have a question for the projects from like Rwanda and Tanzania. It sounded like there was quite a lot of similarity between you. So I thought maybe it would be great for you to kind of form like a support network in the future to exchange ideas on what worked and what didn't work from like the kind of ground up community led adaptation activities. And yeah, just to say that like we've recently been trying to kind of document all of these local actions that do work. So we'd be happy to like hear more and see if we can document some of these more with others as well. Thank you. Thank you. Can I respond to that? I'd be delighted to work with Anaisa and also with you, Caroline. So that's fantastic. Thanks. Yeah, that's great news. This is really nice to see that the networking part, even though we're not meeting each other physically, that the network working part can still continue. And well, what I've learned from being involved with previous pitch events, just expanding your network is also just already one of the rewards to participate or to be an audience. But definitely when participating, that will always do your network some good. I don't see any other hands raised from the audience. So yes, indeed, the pitch is also already shown this night. We can continue to, oh, sorry, yeah. No, it's okay. It's Juliet. I would just have the connection issues. I had to switch to my phone. I think for me overall, it's my first time pitching. And I think I'm lucky because Jasper and Amias and Jan were really helpful through these last couple of days, guiding us through what needs to be done, looking at our pitch decks, and also it's really very helpful. And also the fact that during this process, I've been able to highlight so many similarities with other projects. And there is so much room for collaborations with other guys from different countries. Thank you, Juliet. That's good to hear too. Yeah, thanks for sharing. Then I think we can continue to the to the Mentimeter. And I'm not sure if everyone is has some experience with Mentimeter, but as you see in the slide, if you go towards your browser and go to menti.com, in the first window, they'll ask you to put in to provide a code, which is shown in the slide here. And then the Mentimeter poll has a couple of questions. Amias, would you like to add something to that? Yeah, I will place the link in the chat box as well for everyone to, oh, well, I see our Zoom support has done that too. And seeing as the dragons are deciding on their winner, we felt the audience should also be able to decide on their winner. We have a few questions for them. In this case, we'd like to start with, I see that things are working out on themselves. There's link directly as well for anyone who doesn't want to use a code. So the first question we're interested in is, do the pitchers generally meet the dragon's criteria? Over the last few days, we got to hear what one needs to make a good business case, a good project. And well, seems that everyone, all the pitchers generally do. Obviously, the part where we're all excited for is which pitchers should win, according to you. We had seven pitchers in this case. Eight, my bad, eight pitchers. No, no, it's seven pitchers. Yeah, seven pitchers, eight pitchers. Yeah, exactly. Yeah. Yeah. And before we get to this part, we also thought it'd be really interesting to see what convinced you to select the winning pitcher. I think for those that attended yesterday's session on what makes a good pitch, Jesper also mentioned passion as a very important thing. How involved are you with, because that helps selling your project and that it's, you mentioned how a pitch, I actually wrote it down, is like the start of a relationship that you have to follow it through. Now, all these results will be shared eventually. And you can, I think, put in your email as well. Well, let's see. It was passion. How do we, there we go. Amias, are you going to show some of the results of the, maybe the first question or not? So in this case, it's, the idea was that everyone can, this was a general criteria. Did they meet, did they generally meet the criteria? And in this case, it seems that the audience agrees that most of the criteria, which were determined and shared before in the presentation, that are necessary for a good pitch, were all met in this case. It also shows to me that too bad you can't select per pitch, but I don't think we would have time for that. And there isn't really a discrepancy seeing as they all receive really high scores. I think the business case part might be the lowest one seeing as this is obviously also the financial bit, which is something that needs to be worked out depending on how far pitchers are or how far projects are. So that, I think, makes a lot of sense. Yeah. I don't know how much time we have left. There's a couple of minutes left and Letitia is about to bring the dragons back from their private session. So then we have Jan Willem who will wrap up this session. Can you see if everyone filled out the Mentimeter? I see that 16 people have filled out the Mentimeter. Just an open question. Can the presenters themselves also fill out the Mentimeter? As long as you don't choose yourself, I think that'd be fair, right? Yeah, that would be fair play indeed. Because I see we have 24 people in our Zoom room. If 16 of them filled out the Mentimeter, so we have seven presenters and yourself, that would make for the 16 remaining audience participants to have filled out the Mentimeter. I realize that the results were not being shared. So this is what so far we have all decided on, at least 16 people have. And like I mentioned, the lowest score right now is for the business case, which involved the financial aspect, which not everyone, depending on the on the stage, as I mentioned, of the project could actually comment on. And all the other criteria have generally been met, meaning we all agreed that these were really good pitches. I think that is a very interesting question from Anastasia on the chat box. Absolutely. She is asking, can you present an overview of all the pitches and their theme? We'd have to go through the presentation then quickly. Is that the way you'd like to do it, Leticia? Maybe we can ask the pitchers to describe their pitch in one short sentence and describe their theme, as I suggested. That works. Yeah, you would like to give the floor to every presenter again, right? Yeah, I think they might be able to give a very short, with one sentence, what their pitch was about, just to summarize. Just to summarize. Okay. Anita, could you summarize in two words again, or three words? Okay. My first pitch is the one for the youth loss and damage youth coalition, and I'm doing it with a group of youth from the group of South and the group of North with an experience in climate policy, environmental policy, and the youth conversation and leadership. And then my second pitch is the one for the community, how to conserve a forest, but by creating an economic value for the youth in this sector, where they're much vulnerable in terms of economic ability. So this, I'm doing it with a team called the Green Fighters. So we are a team of four youths with an expertise in business administration, environmental policy, leadership, and photography. I think I kept the tune. Thank you so much. Juliet. So the climate action media van basically is an advocacy tool. So what we are saying is how do you bring young people together to actually communicate and also contribute to the climate action? The team I'm working with, personally, as Juliet, I've been in the environment space for quite a long time. I am currently the interim facilitator for UNCCD, which is taking action on desertification and land issues. My colleague Annika is a journalist and also the founder of InfoNile. Her role is basically to communicate and also tell stories on water, but basically around the River Nile, Benson, and countries that are covered with River Nile. And then the other person on that team is Abbasin Pindi, who works with the National Task Force on the Fourth Industrial Revolution here in Uganda. So what brings us all together is the fact that we are passionate about communication and also taking action on climate change. Thank you so much.  Yeah, thank you. The agro group is a small scale project as an individual in an organization capacity. We're part of the Africa circular economy. And also we are working with the Ministry of Environment and then climate change departments on reviewing the national indices. And of course, on the younger working group or UNFU system, we are also partaking and working closely in developing the NDC review as well. Also, we are engaged also as part of the youth adaptation network. So the agro group basically is just a way of helping farmers to assess funding irrigation system that are smart enough to help their youth cutting across the value chains for particularly in production, sustainable production pattern, marketing of their products, conservation is necessary and then preservation of their produce as well as storage, as well as the final chain, which is the sale and the marketing to make the market accessible and affordable for them in a way. Also through a blockchain technology, which we might be incorporating later, but we're working on it at the moment. Finally, we are promoting responsible consumption patterns. And these projects specifically empowers women youth in rural areas, mitigates climate in many ways, as well as provides inclusion, economic inclusion for a vast population of local communities and population. So in a way, we are reducing migration, climate migration challenges as well. So that's just a brief about. Thank you Samuel. I just, I got a notice that we're running over time a little bit. And I just want to check with Jan Willem. We were doing a small sum up from every participant and we have four more to go. Shall we do them very quickly or what do you think? If everyone in the room has more time than by all means, I just wanted to make sure that there's also still the audience to do the audience vote. Yeah, we did the audience vote. Oh, you did the audience vote? Okay, fine. Yeah, yeah, yeah. No, if everyone, hello everyone, great that you're here still. So yeah, if you have time then let's continue that. Great, we just continue. Then we have Pauline, can you give us a very short sum up? Thank you very much. Our pitch is intended to establish a facility that will promote landscape restoration as a business. We would like to get some funding that will de-risk small model investments so that they manage their land sustainably because it makes business sense to them. We would like to deliver this funding in a manner that removes risks but also enables them to access additional income opportunities as an incentive to manage land sustainably. Thank you. Thank you, Janet. Hi, I'm Janet from Tanzania Development Trust which is a volunteer run charity that's been supporting grassroots projects in rural Tanzania for 45 years. I've talked about one of our partner projects in Zae Zae Village about the issues that they have and how they've overcome them so far and how with additional support they could do so much more. Thank you. Thank you, Janet. Ezel. Hello, so our project is about constructing efficient water systems not to mitigate, to increase agricultural productivity and also to mitigate disaster risk because here in Caliandre Oro we have a river and we consider it as a gold mine and if we, this is an untapped and undeveloped resource and in order for us to cope with food security and also with disaster risk we need more support from the private sector to create more spring development. Small farmers are well water catchment and also to buy more solar powered water pumps. Thank you so much for this. Thank you and then we have Samiti. Hi, thank you. I basically we have proposed a training program that can be taken to scale and we propose that this training be provided to people who can be knowledge brokers between science and traditional knowledge and our passion and our experience as part of the ASAR program where myself, Jesse, Martin and a few more in PlanetApp were part of a project where we worked with both climate scientists and people on the ground in Africa and Asia. So our solution is dependent upon the funding we get. We will scale, we will initially work on a pilot to develop this training and then take it to scale hopefully depending on the successes and the lessons learned. So we rely upon a lot of knowledge that already exists and we are seeking to train people who are not exactly youth but professionals wanting to engage with climate knowledge more deeply both men and women and other genders. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you everyone all the pictures for all your presentations. We are going to wrap up the session but before we do that I think just another virtual big applause for all of you and then over to Jan Willem. Thanks. This was really a wonderful session. It was very inspiring to see all the ideas, great projects on all fronts but also very good presentations and I cannot repeat enough that you often had 24 hours or less to decide to come and join pitch and actually make the pitch. So that's really impressive. I also got a similar feedback from the dragons. They were very impressed, very enthusiastic about all the ideas, very difficult to choose which idea is better or more important. They're all very important and it's exciting to see how much energy there is around. I did have some slides because we have some announcements. So as you know the dragons have made a decision. The Mentimeter voting system has captured your decisions and combined that into an outcome. Unfortunately we're not going to share you with you the outcome here and now because we thought it would be much better to give extra exposure to the two top score holders. So two persons will be announced tomorrow in the plenary session that is the closure of the CBI 14. So that means that we would like to ask all of you to make sure that you join the closing session tomorrow which I believe is starting at 12 p.m noon UK time. Be prepared because if you are one of the two winners then you'll be asked to say something about your project and then bring it down to one minute. No slides, just you in person, giving a summary of the core essential of your project and then of course you can choose on what five criteria to focus or to try to bring it all down into one minute. So come to the closing session tomorrow and then wait for the announcement and if your if your name is mentioned then come forward and you'll be asked to pitch in one minute. Of course everyone is a winner in this exercise so we want to emphasize that this is about enlarging enlarge enlarging and broadening your your network reach out to each other because first and foremost you can you can learn from each other but of of course also we as organizers we will make sure that we look for organizations and individuals that we think might be able to help you a little bit further either through training or through access to investors. So we'll make sure that we do that as much as possible. Next slide I guess. Oh I thought it was an old slide but that's okay. I want to use this opportunity to thank very much the four dragons Bijal, Brahm, Bhatt, David, Sol, Edith, Kish and Twan An. Thank you very much for your time, for your insights and for the very good questions that that you have posed in this session. Thank you very much for for joining as a dragon. Then of course first and foremost everyone that has pitched today and your colleagues who probably have supported you in perfecting the presentation of the pitch. Thank you very much for sharing this, for stepping out in the open and having the courage to pitch your idea. We all know that that's not easy and especially also in this new format, relatively new format of doing all of this without interpersonal contact. It's even more difficult to do that in a Zoom meeting. So thank you very much for your inspiration and the examples that you gave us. Then I would like to ask the various, the group of volunteers that have made this possible. Amjas, Debbie, Letitia, Becky and also Jesper who supported us in the pitch training yesterday. Maxim that supported us in the business canvas meeting.  So thank you very much everyone. Do reach out to us with more questions, suggestions, feedback. If you want more information, if you feel that you need support in one of the areas that you work in, don't hesitate to link to us and write to us. Find us on LinkedIn because as we have heard a lot this week, this CBA 14 community-based adaptation meeting is about linking to other practitioners and specialists in the fields and broadening our networks. So see you all tomorrow in the plenary and let's see who the winners are going to be. But as we said before, everyone is a winner in this kind of an exercise. Is there anything else that we have to announce? I'm looking at my colleagues. Letitia, any last comments? No at all. I just want to thank everyone because I believe that it's not easy to put a pitch together in three days. So I really admire any one of the pitchers to being able to present and give us a great insights on their project. Thank you for sharing. And good luck with your work. And I'm sure this is only one of the many things that you're doing with your organization, colleagues and friends. So best of luck with all these endeavors. Very inspiring. Bye-bye for now. Thank you. Bye. See you tomorrow. Bye-bye. Thank you. Thanks. Bye. Bye-bye.


Friends, on this joyous occasion, I would like to address all the people of the world, the people of every country and region, India's successful moon mission, is not just India's alone. This is a year in which the world is witnessing India's G20 presidency. Our approach of one Earth, one family, one future is resonating across the globe. This human-centric approach that we present and that we represent had been welcomed universally. Our moon mission is also based on the same human-centric approach. Therefore, this success belongs to all of humanity. It will help moon missions by other countries in the future. I am confident that all countries in the world, including those from the global south, are capable of achieving such feats. We can all aspire for the moon and beyond.


Hello, everybody. I am Dr. Mohamad Sajid. I'm the final year resident in the department of radio diagnosis in the London Circle Medical College and Hospital. Today, my topic for world paper presentation is a comparative study on the diagnostic accuracy of USG and MSC being suspected with other pathologies in adults. Introduction. Obstructive jaundice is one of the most frequent and great form of hepatitis disease. It can pose problem in diagnosis and management, particularly in a particular disease. So the main aim of the radiologist is to confirm the presence of obstruction, its location, extent probable cause, and it should also attempt to obtain a map of the village tree that will help the surgeon to determine the best approach. There are various emerging modelities for the village tree and the two most common use modelities are USG and MSC. So it is mandatory to determine pre-operative to play the existence, the nature and site of obstruction because the wrongly chosen therapeutic approach can be dangerous. USG has been always the first choice of technique in the study of village disease because of its accessibility, speed, ease of performance, and low cost. So in our study, we are comparing the diagnostic accuracy of USG and MSC in village pathologies. For objectives, this is a prospective study to determine the diagnostic accuracy of USG and MSC in diagnosis of obstructive biographies and compare them with the final diagnosis materials and methods. We conducted this study in Nilvatham Circle Medical College and Hospital between September 2019 to August 2020. 30 patients between the age group of 18 to 80 years of obstructive genders were included in the study of thoroughly explaining about the study and taking their consent. They were subjected to USG and MSC. USG abdomen was performed using GE logic benign medicine and MSC was performed using GE sigma 1.5 deceleration. Standard MSC protocol was used in all the patients for final diagnosis which used MSC or interpreted findings in case of surgical intervention. Patient with clinical features of village obstructive diseases were included in the study and following patients were excluded from the study. Patient less than 18 years of age, number 22 is patient with contraindication to MRI. The results out of 30 patients, 19 patients were male and 11 patients were female. 16 cases were benign and 14 cases were malignant. Figure one showing the distribution of the benign and malignant cases in different age groups. In age group less than 40 years, all the cases were benign, there was total nine cases and all of them were benign cases. In the age group of 40 to 49 years, four cases were benign and only one malignant case was found. In the age group of 50 to 59 years of age, all together nine, eight malignant cases were found and only two benign cases were found. And in the age group more than 60 years, three malignant cases found and one benign case was found. Table number two showing the distribution of the different benign cases. The polydopleithiasis was the most common benign finding, it was seen at 56.2% followed by benign stretcher which was found in 25% of the cases. The other cases were in the 18.7% cases. Out of nine cases of polydopleithiasis, calculus in proximal symptoms was present in six cases and in three cases distal symptoms were noted. USG was able to detect five cases of the proximal symptoms and in one case of the distal symptoms whereas MRC we detected all of them correctly. One case of benign stretcher out of four was diagnosed in USG in the rest of the three cases, USG was unable to find specific causes. Here if you confirm them with benign stretchers and all of the four cases were accurately diagnosed by MOCP and findings related with the five diagnosis. Table number three showing sensitivity, specificity, and in preview of different benign cases in polydopleithiasis, the sensitivity, specificity, and in preview of USG were 66.6%, 95.2%, 85.7% and 86.9% and in case of MRC it is 100%, 95.2%, 90% and 100% and in case of benign stretchers, USG had a very poor sensitivity of 25%, specificity of 100%, in preview of 100% and in preview of 89% and in MRCP, sensitivity, specificity, and in preview all are 100%. Table number four showing the distribution of the different latent cases, there was five cases of periampillary CA, five cases of pulangio CA, and four cases of gallbladder CA. Out of the four gallbladder carcinoma, USG diagnosed three of them accurately, USG was also able to detect the hepatic inhibition and periportal lymph nodes. In one case, USG was diagnosed as chronic cholecystitis, MRCP was able to detect all of them accurately. Out of five pulangio carcinoma, USG was able to detect three cases. In one case, USG could not find any mass, which was later detected by MRCP. MRCP was able to detect four of them accurately. However, in one case, both USG and MRCP were only diagnosed as CBD calculus, which later turned out to be periampillary carcinoma in ERCP. Three cases of periampillary carcinoma was detected by USG, whereas in two cases, USG could not find any mass, but was able to detect the dilated CBD and when gridded up, MRCP was able to detect the mass in all of them correctly. So the sensitivity, specificity, PPP and NPP were different, but in 10 cases were calculated. In periampillaries here, the sensitivity, specificity, PPP and NPP of USG are 60%, 100%, 100%, and 92.5%. In MRCP, it was all of them are 100% because MRCP detected all of the five cases accurately. In case of pulangio carcinoma, USG had a sensitivity of 60%, specificity of 100%, PPP 100%, and NPP 92.5%. And in case of MRCP, sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 100%, PPP 100%, and NPP of 96%. In case of pulangio carcinoma, USG had a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 100%, PPP 100%, and NPP of 96.2%. And in MRCP, it was all 100% because all the four cases were correctly diagnosed by MRCP. This is our discussion. So the obstructive geneticist is one of the most challenging cases for surgeon. Delaying in the proper diagnosis results in significant morbidity and mortality. For us radiologists, USG and MRCP are two main emerging modernities for biliary pathologies. In one study, the most common symptoms were ecterus and pain in the right upper quadrant for petrochlorobium and platelet stool. In this Burma et al. India study also noted similar clinical symptoms. Among the 30 cases, 16 cases are benign and 14 cases are malignant. Benign cases were most common in younger age group in less than 40 years, whereas the incidence of malignancy increases in older age groups. Among the benign cases, most common cases were colloidal ectasis, which was found in 56.2% followed by benign strictures. So their aim at all also noted most common cause of the benign obstruction to be colloidal ectasis in 24% cases, followed by post-collestructant strictures in 20%. USG is excellent in detecting proximal SIMD calculi, only in one case it was not able to pick up as the CBD was not dilated. Whereas for detecting distal CBD calculi, it is much less effective than MRCP because of several factors like non visualization of the distal CBD due to gas shadow or in case of obese patients. MRCP was able to pick up all the calculi correctly. Burma et al. India study found the sensitivity and specificity of MRCP for detecting SIMD calculi by 88.9% and 100% which is similar with our study. For this JC et al. India study noted MRCP at its sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficiency of 91%, 98% and 97% respectively in diagnosis of colloidal ectasis. USG was able to detect only one benign strictures out of four cases, but MRCP actively diagnosed all the four cases. Study conducted by all OBD et al. revealed much higher sensitivity at 100% specificity, 98.5% of MRCP, which is similar with our study. Catabatina fears et al. mentioned that MRCP is as sensitive at direct collageography and typically shows a short shipment of strictures of CHT or CBD with associated intraparticularity validation. Out of four ball bladder carcinoma cases, at the same time we diagnosed three of them accurately. USG was also able to detect liver inflammation and pinpotal demons. In one case, USG was diagnosed as chronic polycystitis. MRCP was able to detect all of them accurately. JC et al. India study found the sensitivity, specificity, PVB and NPV of USG to be 75%, 97%, 85% and 95% and of MRCP to be 100% all respectively. Our findings are similar with the experimental study. Three out of five cholangio carcinoma were correctly diagnosed by ultrasonography whereas MRCP detected four of them correctly. One case was incorrectly diagnosed as calculus in both USG and MRCP which was later confirmed by ERCP. Amandip Singh et al. in his study noted sensitivity and specificity for detection of cholangio carcinoma in USG as 66.67% and 100% and in MRCP as 83.3% and 100% respectively, which was similar to our present study. Sensitivity and specificity of USG and MRCP are 60%, 100%, 80% and 100% respectively. Out of five perium polycarcinoma cases, three were accurately detected by ultrasonography and MRCP was able to detect all of them correctly. Amandip Singh et al. mentioned their sensitivity and specificity of USG and MRCP to detect perium polycarcinoma to be 57%, 100%, 100% respectively. Which is consistent with the present study. However, G&E and S reported differently in their study probability larger sample size. So in conclusion, ultrasonography is the primary model of choice for evaluating related pathologies. It is a really good model for detecting all model pathologies and evaluation of the proximal part of the CBT. However, it has shown four results for detecting distal CBT calculus and strictures, MRCP superior to ultrason. Detecting all the related pathologies gives us excellent visualization of the related tree, hence detecting related pathologies becomes easier. So in conclusion, all the cases not clearly diagnosed by ultrasonography should be evaluated by MRCP. Here are some radiological images. This is a USG scan showing dilated, intracipatic bidery radical MRCP images, also showing the similar dilated IHBLs. This is a USG scan showing a dilated CBT with a calculus in the distal part of the CBT. This is a T2 weighted axial MRS scan showing a high-pointed mass at the CHD near the confluence of the right and left hepatic duct. This is a MRCP mass showing a bident structure, which is smooth tapering. This is the USG scan showing high-pointed heterogeneous mass near the neck of the GD region, which was good because we got better understanding of this. These are the abbreviations that these are the references. Thank you.


To be honest it's been quite life-changing the experience at The Roar. One of the main reasons I wanted to go there and what I hope to get out of it was to see what goes on behind the scenes and every single day I've tried to learn something new and I think I have done. My year with The Roar has really just opened my eyes to what sports journalism is about. It gives you hands-on experience as to what happens out there sitting in a classroom. I started off by doing some social media work so we would attend all the home matches and during the live game one of us would either do the match report or social media and whoever did social media would be doing live tweets of the match. The experience that's given me, the duties, the stuff that you can't really do anywhere else and I thank The Roar for giving that to me. All it's done is just reinstated how much I want to do sports journalism. It's what I thought it was and this experience is pretty much giving me the contacts, it's giving me the confidence to go do interviews, to go source out my own stories, things like that so I think it's just reinstated my desire to keep going for this career. I would recommend this internship to any journalism, marketing, PR student because you do see first-hand what does go on at a professional football club and I will remember this forever. I will look back and really, really be grateful for this experience. It's been life-changing, it really has. All the things that I've learned at Griffith have really set me up for this internship. I'm going to go back to uni now and try to perfect those skills and keep going.