Another triple play for stocks, the Dow, Nasdaq and S&P 500 closing at all time highs today. For the Dow, it's the 100th record close since President Trump took office in January of 2017. You can bet President Trump will be playing it up during the 2020 campaign. So let's get the read from Tom Bevin of Real Clear Politics along with Melissa Armo from Stock Swoosh. Tom, let me start with you. There's a campaign event tonight in Florida. Trump's been touting the market ever since he took office and a lot of folks said, listen, that's a kind of tricky thing to do because if the market goes down, you'll get blamed for it, but the stock market has performed very, very well and that's reflected in Trump's numbers. I mean, the overall economy, his job approval rating in our Real Clear Politics average is 43%. His approval on the economy, 53%. So full 10 points higher and we're seeing that reflected also in states like Wisconsin and some of these other key swing states in 2020. Melissa, what I love about this year's rally is it's so broad based almost every stock in the S&P 500 is up. 10% is a small move, many of them up 20%, a lot up 50%. If you have any money in the markets, if you're associated with this market at all, you're doing very well this year. Definitely. And I'll say this. During Trump's presidency, we have seen more record breaking highs than any president has ever had in the history of the world. We may never, ever see this again. Now, he may get re-elected and this may continue, but this is just phenomenal. I cannot tell you how phenomenal this is for markets. Tom, you bring up the point that President Trump ignored folks who said, listen, be careful. Four years is a long time in town to stock market rally, particularly one with an expansion this old and long, but he also went against the grain when it came to things like tariffs. We don't talk enough about the fact there are 360 billion in tariffs in place. All the financial experts say the market was going to crash. Wages will go down. Inflation will go through the roof and it's been the exact opposite. No, that's right. This economy has been much more resilient than I think a lot of the experts suggested.  Unemployment's low, wage growth, GDP growth.  You know, plenty of folks have 401Ks and they watch the Dow, but for most folks out there, it's whether they have a good-paying job and you just did a great segment on consumers. Watch consumer confidence. If they feel this good next year, Trump's going to win. You know, the irony with that, Melissa, is consumer confidence when you break it down by political party. A lot of Democrats still bracing for a recession, but when you break it down into economic brackets, we're at the all-time high with people under 45 years old expecting almost a 5% raise next year. So the optimism is carrying into 2020. Will that help the market? It will definitely help the market. And the one thing that I find interesting is you have stocks like Target. Target just hit earnings a couple of days ago. Target is making brand new all-time highs. Typically, you have stores like that only making new highs or doing well from now with Black Friday coming up this weekend to the end of the year. So retail is green, green before the end of the year, before even holiday shopping season. So stocks like Target are great buy right now. That stock was up near 128. Could very well get to 130. And again, you have this fabulous market going in the momentum. It's going to carry into 2020. And even worst-case scenario, we don't... Worst-case scenario, okay? We do not make a deal with China before 2020 election. I think Trump still gets re-elected. I don't even think Trump needs that deal in order to get re-elected. And the markets will just go higher if that happens. And you know what? I think China might be agreeing with you because they have been very, very accommodative of late. Tom, Melissa, thank you both very much. Happy Thanksgiving. You too. Hey, why you may not be giving thanks if you're traveling this Thanksgiving.


For me it's like I just want to beat my last year. This is what I believe. I'm sharing that with you for nothing.  What'd you make last year? Out of buck fifty. Okay so maybe this year you double that or maybe you hit 250 or maybe you hit 210 or maybe you hit 400 or maybe you hit 600. I don't know and either do you. The thing is as you put forth the maximum amount of effort. The thing is is for me it's like I just want to beat my last year. If I can beat my last year and just do better and better every year and so that's where we only have 24 hours in every day. And so with only 24 hours you know in each day and everybody has the same amount of hours you get to where you're putting forth as many hours as you can. So then it becomes a factor of okay how can we adapt and become more efficient? You know how can we as we go along see these little openings of things that we can do to produce more and less time. But at the same time still putting in the same amount of hours so that means because a lot of people say work hard work smart not hard and they want to produce the same in less time but what I want to do is produce a lot more in the in the in the same time that I'm working. You know what I mean like or people say they want to produce more in less time and I want to produce more in the same time. I don't want to I don't want to decrease the hours I'm working. I just want to maximize my efficiency where you know I'm producing more.  You know what I'm saying? Like that's that's I mean and I don't care what anybody says or whatever. That's kind of where that is so let's get into some nuts and bolts now. That's that should I hopefully be an eye opener like and say okay aha it doesn't matter if we do 350 this year we're going to do as good as we can we'll do our best and maybe we hit that 500 next year. You know what I mean because for me the million dollars you know 2014 I hit 600 15 600 16 was 750 and then 17 was a million. So 14 you know I hit 600 and won it at the next year but then it still took me two more years to actually get there but I was more tied to like the process instead of the results. There's a place in life bro where you're satisfied with where you are but still extremely hungry and a lot of people and that's a gray area because some most people are either really happy and lazy and underproduced or most people are overachievers but they're always unhappy because they're always moving that carrot further and further. See the mindset you have right now if you keep this mindset when you get to a half a million now you're still going to be unhappy because you're not to a million yet and then when you get to the million you're not going to be happy because you're you're not to the million and a half yet. And so there's this gray area where you're happy with making the 150 because you know you're giving it all you got but you know that you're doing what you need to do to get to 500. You don't know when it's going to be but you know that you're moving in that direction and life here they're going up or down. There's no maintaining and so as long as you're moving in a positive direction you know base your happiness around your your the direction that your life is going. You know what I mean not where you are in life but the direction that you're going in. So just just like try to enjoy this part where you're making 150 knowing that you're going to get to a half a million that these days aren't going to last very long. You're going to look back on these days and say man I wish you would enjoy that more. You know those were the days we're making 150 dude yeah. You know that that's going to be what you're going to say in five years when you're doing a million dollars a year you're going to say man that was fun getting here. Now let's maintain this million you know. Okay beautiful. Well the thing is right now we're dialing out a lot. I was wondering about how much do you dial and who are you calling specifically. I think and you have a team there so you know you may have someone who just dials eight hours a day. You know I don't know how you guys are structured but I'm just a single agent so I can only speak on a single single agent status and for me it's three hours three days a week minimum so that's nine hours a week minimum. I'm not worried about how many dials I get I'm not worried about the results of the call sessions I just want to put three hours in three days a week. You know I just want to stay on that phone for three hours three days a week and I still do that today in my business today I have I will never get to the end of my past client list you know I just will never get there. If the market crashes and the market really slows down and you know things you know then maybe I will get to the end of it and then be able to move into some more cold calling but I've made a hundred thousand cold calls in my career and have such a huge business in place so many past thousands and thousands of past clients and people that I know that you know I need to follow up with I just whenever gets everybody so my three hours every three hours three days a week consist of me just trying to get through that list and touch everybody and talk to them and see what I could do to help them and stuff like that.


On the field, the Beavers took on Wayne State this weekend and bounced back with a 27-10 win, helped out with a can't miss Special Teams highlight. This was in the third quarter of Saturday's game. Bemidji leading 13-3 at the time. Governor Olszewski fields the punt at the 6-yard line, makes a nice return to midfield, gets tackled up, but pitches it back to Mikey Junker on the lateral, and he has a lot of green turf in front of him. One more man to beat jumps over him, gets by him for the touchdown. They would go up 20-3 there and never look back as they won this game 27-10 and moved to 4-1 on the season. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Mae'n adael i mi wnaeth wnaidd o projecta, onari nhw'n mynd cael ei ddiwedd y gall wneud i'r cosasol nawr, ac mae'n ddiweddol yn rhoi'r cyfylliantol addedol. On mor ffordd arall o gwaith mae'n fwyaf cyfaint ac mae'r bod ni'n unifadau hygol. Mae'n unifadau hwn yn eich gwaith eich bod ni'n gweithi, mae'n gwaith o fawr yn gyffredig, mae'n gwaith o fawr yn gweithi. Mae'n mynd i'r gweithio, roi'r ffordd o bobl ond o'n maen nhw'n rhol yn y byddol o'r pion lanysol, yn ymderech a oed長en i'r sefyllfa'n gweithio. Efallai'r unigauoleis ar ôl sydd ar ei ffordd, mae gwahodd yn gweithio. Rwy'n credu y gweithio ar gyfer y gwir goingu ymblannol. Roeswn ei wneud i'n ddigart, mae'n dweud o gaeliaeth yr hollwyr, ac roedd ni o bwysig ar gyfer y hollwyr y bydd y cwrin yw'r adroddau sy'n rhaglen, ac ydy'r adroddau tylu sy'n ardalodied fel Oerod y Cyfrif ym mwyaf? Yn nodi'r gwahanol o'r ddwyfodol eich cyfnodau ond ond mae'r prys yma mae'n cyfnodau fideisgrifetau. Rwy'n gyfnodd, dus mae canol o'r ardalodau eich hunain a phobl i'r bydd cyfeirio'i gyrslu. … Short-threaded, but until there's a really solid policy discussion, I don't know what context… … Green economy or something, we may not have a stable context. The other thing that seemed to me to come across the whole thing is how localised this is. In a way, it's about how ecosystem services become formerly part of the local landscape… … of people's culture of local economies. Felly, we need to think of these, the context where PES takes place as local economies, and study them perhaps as green economies. The last thing I heard, is we need to shift a bit more from this kind of supply push approach to PES to a more stand back demand side discussion. What do poor groups actually want, in relation to the ecosystem services, what do they want to produce, what can they do? Felly mae'r ddau meddwl lleidion yn ymdill wedi'i gweithio ar gyfer y mawr. Felly mae'r mynd i'r prosiect penderfynedig hefyd. Mae'r prosiect wedi'i gweld mi, ond mae'r prosiect ar y prif, rydyn ni'n gweithio'iol i'r cyllid ar y darfodol yn sicr i ddodol iawn. Ychydig yn fawr iawn i ni'u gyhoedd a'r syniadau yn cael ei gyfweld yn cynhyself o'r ddechrau Gymru, mae'r ddestunysau eraill. Felly yw'r rhaid y gallwn gwaith yn y rededd, os ydydd i'r amser o gweithiau sydd ffordd gwirioneddol yn ei oedd fynd ar gyfer y lleol ffordd gwirioneddol yn y dyfr悦 o'r strategiad yn holl ynglŷwyr. Mae gwn i'r rhaid arddangos y gweithiau yma hŵl, yr hollol iawn, o'r holl yng nghefn, o'r 100 bilion dollas Szedlau, a gwerthwyr ynglyn o'r holl. evening ond we've seen that, a big push of that the last five years. We've got to a stage where the red while the red agenda has moved forward to some extent in the climate negotiations on a written out which I see it in some way the way the CDM developed an included forestry with vast minutiae but then nothing actually happened. We're reaching a stage in the red negotiations where the amount of money on the table, yw ddechrau ddodd, ar gyflaen, ac ydych chi'n dweud i ddodd yn ddodd yn Ysgrifennu, Bergwysgrifennu, Ysgrifennu, mewn ddodd mlynedd yng Nghymru. Rydym ni'n meddwl i'r ddodd, ac ydw i'n meddwl i'r ddodd yma, ond byddwn ni'n colli i'r ffordd o'r problemau sy'n ddodd yn ddodd o'r ddodd, yna'r ddodd ag y maen nhw. Byddwn ni'n meddwl i'r ddodd, ac mae'n meddwl i'r ddodd, a byddwch yn cael ei gael o'u rhoi ei gael, ac mae'n rhoi'r ffordd i'r gweithio'r ffordd, a'r ffordd i'r ffordd i'r ffordd i'r cyffredinol. Pesynol o'r margylch. Felly mae'n olygu'r margylch o'r holl yn cyfryd, olygu'r margylch o'r syddwyr, olygu'r coredor. Felly mae'n olygu'r margylch o'r cynnangol. Mae'n olygu'r margylch o'r holl, a mae'n olygu'r margylch o'r holl yn cyfrifol. Felly if I have used it as donated blood it's not mainstreamed yet and maybe you can think out of theonos to it's not the rivers it's not the big systems yet, it's still literally on the margins. But it's a start. I think that in terms of PES a big error, a big mistake is to think that PES is the instrument to euros or objective or the instrument to solve anything, any problem and that with this agreement and we should aim at concentrating It's not. It's going to be probably in the margins. It's going to be one of a typology. It's going to be one thing. But what we need to do is really increase our understanding of these value chains of these markets in which the farmers, even if they're subsistence farmers, they still work within a market either because they are in the market or because they can't reach that market but they want to. So we need to understand how instruments like PES or like other types of rewards or instruments can help these people really capitalise and then get benefits that will actually provide the sustainability in the long term. So that's our next step. We could continue just designing the perfect scheme, but until we move from the supply push to actually what you said is where's the demand, where's the pull coming from, we won't move out of the margins. And what I would like to see is, as I grew up in it, PES is a tool. I don't think it needs to be so much of the margins, but it will remain in the margins as long as we're pushing and not listening to the pull and not linking into things like the supply chain into the value chain and markets etc. So it's moving out of that periphery by making it relevant. I would like to, you know, I come from India and I've also worked in China. So some of the opportunities that exist in these countries for the emerging economies in the south as payments, south-south payments, and I know IID does some work on, you know, African relationships and so on. So it might be worth looking into those areas as well as potential sources of demand. Would Chinese companies as part of the CSR pay for PES programs in Africa? I think one of the critical questions, something that I'm very excited about today, is the issue of financial sustainability of PES schemes. I was so pleased to hear it coming again and again and again and people seriously thinking about that, something that used to be done. And I've always been asking myself a similar question on what's the exit strategy in the business plan. Because the problem is, I don't think it's reasonable to think that we can pay farmers forever. And from the outset we need to think about, because the idea of PES when it first emerged was to achieve some level of desirable behavioral change of land users, for instance. And the conceptual, at least theoretically speaking, that behavioral change had to be achieved to some years down the line and at that point you wouldn't need to pay any more. And I'm sure I was challenged with similar questions by Helen at some point. And I have constantly been thinking about it. So I think one of the fundamental questions that need to be asked is how do we empirically try to understand or contextualise that in terms of determining when do I stop paying? We also need to look at the business case for payment for ecosystem services in relation to other business activities. I think that's important, but then there's another topic that we are trying to address which is called, well, let's say a regeneration or renovation. Because we are in a situation where the environment has been degraded already in a certain situation, agricultural situation. So you want to invest again. So what kind of money do you have to invest? Where does that money come from? Can this scheme play a role so that you can come to another stage of your business that enables you to have a better business? So are you able to use this money for a certain purpose, not just continuously, but to improve? But that's different from where you're looking at a situation where you want to conserve something. When we talk about valuing ecosystem services and not necessarily in the context of payments for ecosystem services, but that different ecosystem services are valued differently by different stakeholders. What's the value for money, particularly for getting donor support? If you can talk about using this for a short term as a transition to a better way of land management or marine system management, whatever, which is actually self-supporting, that's going to be a heck of a lot easier to get support for.


Where is this from? It's a picture of a man in a Spider-Man costume of unknown origin. The costume he's wearing is quite interesting. It appears to be a scrappily put-together costume, while also being entirely faithful to the old 1960s Steve Dick co-drawings of the character. And judging based off the quality of this image, it seems like whenever this photo was taken, it was from a long time ago. It's not very far-fetched to assume that this costume was made some time back in the 1960s, as it would explain why the costume looks so much like Steve Dick Coe's artwork, because around that time, Dick Coe was one of the only people drawing Spider-Man for Marvel Comics. There's nowhere near as much choices in Spider-Man artists like there is today. There's no Baigleys, no John Romita Juniors, and if you wanted your JR senior, you'd have to wait a decade or so. But back to this mysterious costume. After not being so sure who to ask about it, I turned to one of my back alley sources. Nevermind, or NirvanaMind on Twitter, someone with extensive knowledge and experience with Spider-Man comics. They sent me a link to a Spider-Man fan film that was made in 1969, of course featuring this elusive Spider-Man costume. And now, I will watch the fan film. So it turns out that this movie is about Spider-Man going after this original character, Dr. Lightning, who's a mad scientist who is severely hurt in some sort of accident. He ends up having his henchman kidnap his own daughter, and Spidey chases after him through the mountains. It seems like this area is where that photo that started this whole conquest was taken. After Spider-Man takes out his henchman, Dr. Lightning gets away. But not before Spider-Man puts a spider tracer on him and chases him down once again. Before he swings away, the daughter yells, Try to remember he's my father. Yeah, I'll try.     God damn. So then Spider-Man goes back to the daughter with the most unempathetic response. I got bad news for you. Your father's dead. But you're safe.  Jesus. Anyway, I know I've been ragging on this fan film a bit, but I just want to say some nice things about it because, you know, in the end it's actually a really cool piece of Spider-Man media that I honestly think more people should check out. With as dated as some of the special effects are, they really did as much as they could to make this fan film actually work with its own dated methods. Whenever they need to have Spidey swing around on something, they'll dangle this toy in front of the camera while interspersing close-up shots of Peter swinging from his webline. And honestly, I'd rather this than them just not trying to show Peter swing at all because they couldn't do it. They actually managed to flow between Dahl and Peter pretty well in this one sequence. And honestly, if you don't really think about it too much, it's pretty natural. I love how they make Peter's webs work in the film too. This time, they're much more net-like, mostly because it seems like the webbing is made out of actual netting. But I like that. It makes Spider-Man's webbing seem way more low-tech than it actually is, which is kind of refreshing. But let's talk about the thing that got me interested in this phenomenon in the first place, the Spider-Man suit. There's not much we can see too clearly due to the age of this footage, but let's discuss what we can see. The lenses on the mask seem to be made of this white mesh netting, and all the red fabric on the bodysuit and mask seem to be made out of velvet fabric, yet the boots and gloves aren't. It looks like he's wearing webless boots, and gloves with some sort of spider webs drawn on them. It also looks like this costume features some kind of shorts. They're barely noticeable, but, I mean, I figured I might as well note them anyway. The logo work on this suit is nice too, with a wide back logo with outstretched arms. And the one on the front is simple and classic. While very clearly primitive in terms of today's cosplay scene, this is a really nice Spider-Man costume. And something I could have definitely imagined the character wearing back in those old Ditko stories. And it has web wings. I swear to God, I'm like the only person on the planet that loves when Spider-Man has these corny-ass web wings. I would kill to have these on a movie suit. And not like Tom Holland's where they come out where he needs to fly.  I want them on his costume permanently. It's for aesthetics.  It's just a design choice. Damn. Anyway, this whole fan film is primitive yet really charming. It feels like this movie fits right in with those old Lee and Ditko books. I know this video feels like it's about to wrap up, but there's more to the story. You can actually learn more about the production of the fan film by reading the description of the upload of the film. The first ever documented Spider-Man fan film in the first unofficial live-action adaptation appearance of Spider-Man from 1969. This was produced by Donald F. Glutt, and this was his last amateur fan film. He had produced many other Marvel fan films before this, before moving on to write for other classic cartoons like Transformers and Spider-Man and his amazing friends. I love the costume, Don Glutt is wearing the red and blues himself, and it looks heavily inspired by Steve Ditko's work. Notice the use of the Captain Action Spider-Man figure for web-swinging and wall-crawling. That goes for huge bucks now. The villain in this fan film, Dr. Lightning, is not a real Marvel character and was created by the guys making the film. There is also another elusive Spidey fan film that's from 1974 entitled Spider-Man vs. Craven the Hunter by Bruce Cardozo. Unfortunately, this student film won't be found anywhere online because apparently Bruce Cardozo is against it. I do hope this is not true, as it could be a potential lost classic and it would be very unfortunate if we were not allowed to see it. It has been shown at several fan film festivals, however. Here's an image. Unfortunately, the link leads to nothing. But if this elusive Spider-Man vs. Craven fan film interests you, you can check out a video by All Things Lost on YouTube to continue down the Spider-Man fan film rabbit hole. But that's all from me. Subscribe if you like Spider-Man and make sure to go watch my Sam Raimi Spider-Man Retrospective if you haven't. See you next time. I have a confession to make during the outro card. I have a hard time watching Spider-Man fan films. I don't know what it is, but unless it's like a short film, I cannot sit down and watch a Spider-Man fan film. I don't know why I've just never been able to, and I don't know, I just kind of wanted to admit that in the outro card. I would, I do think it'd be cool if I made more fan film content. It's just, I'd be worried about how I talk about other people's work and how that makes them react, because I know who I am in the community. I'm kind of like that guy who's like, people kind of see me as like the guy who has opinions about Spider-Man and everything and everyone wants to know what I think and stuff.  And I don't, it's just, it's a whole thing for me. And I kind of am worried about how I would approach that. But yeah, it's a mix of two things. It's one, that I have trouble watching fan films for some reason. I just can't sit through them. And two, I'm the Spider-Man guy. Dabba, whatever. I just, I probably should. I probably should sit down and watch some more fan films. It might do me some good, maybe make me some content.


Sometimes the second time is always the best time Hey guys, so this is my review for X-Men 2 Now are called X2 as they did a lot on the posters now. This is probably if not One of the best the best X-Men films of the entire series I'd say it ranks up there with first-class and days of futures past But really I would say that first class in this film are My favorite films of the entire X-Men series. There was so much Development from the first film in the second film the entire arc with Jean Grey was so well done the love triangle between Cyclops Wolverine and Jean Grey was actually really well done It wasn't stupid immediately Cyclops is still a little bit of a pansy But I actually think they did a really good job with this film The one thing that I find very funny is that this film spawned one of the worst X-Men video games in history if I'm correct, which was X-Men 2 Wolverine origins or origins or something I don't know it was mainly about how Wolverine became about and then the worst movie in the X-Men series spawns one of the Best comic book games of all time. I've been playing this the last few days and holy crap I played it for a week once and it's still one of my favorite video games of all time So X-Men 2 what made it so good? Well the entire arc of every character the idea that Wolverine was trying to figure out who he was and even though he was Afraid of the person who caused all this pain that took away his memories and turn him into a monster Sort of he still is drawn to him because he wants to know the whole idea that Magneto is being tortured by But if I strike her to figure out and how to capture all the mutants at Xavier's place the Opening with Nightcrawler is still one of the it is okay You know everyone talks about how quick silver scene and days of features past was really good No, no in my opinion single awesome one character moment of Super coolness is still the White House scene at the beginning of X-Men 2 that scene was so well done and at the time The effects were so good and they're still really good and it blew everyone's freaking mind Seen Nightcrawler do that and then to see them all come together at Alcalai Lake at the end of the film Have the interactions that fight with the night whatever her name was long-ass nails Which again that doesn't it doesn't really explain how she has the nails because in other sayings They say that Wolverine was the only one who could survive the anti-mantium process I don't know how it doesn't really make sense with her, but either way Striker Brian Cox is a fantastic actor. He's on the same caliber of Ian McKellen and Patrick Stewart So to see three absolute powerhouse British actors in this film was fantastic to watch the Mystique was also really cool too. I liked how she was kind of villainous, but not so much It was more so that they had to work together When they go to Bobby's house and seeing that fear that his own family tries to turn him in that was so well done That was really a deep sort of moment for the film to show that there was still the segregation this fear even of your own family and Then the ending the ending with Jean Grey and the water I was like holy crap. That was so cool when I was a kid. I remember thinking wow That was epic and then when you see the Phoenix rise in the water I didn't really know the full extent of it, but I had seen the Phoenix episode of the animated series Love that theme song either way Minutely that arc was completely ruined by Brett Ratner But every aspect of X-Men 2 is so well done the fight scene at the at the mansion Wolverine's search and journey for his own idea all his own night identity the whole aspect of X Xavier being used as a weapon and showing the full extent of how bad Technically how much power he had he almost killed the entire human race before he almost killed the entire mutant race So and then that ending at the White House you kind of wonder well Xavier saying, you know, there's a war coming He's like well, bro, you caused it technically with cerebro and everything that so I Really really wanted to see what Brian Singer would have done with X-Men 3 I wanted to see not only the whole a much better And much better Phoenix arc, but also just what were the implement? Implications of what happened with the entire almost all of the humans dying Sure, they have the cure thing in the third film But I really wanted to see what Singer would have done with that to be this film is near on flawless I can't think of an issue that's wrong with that if there is is a little note in the Cranny because this film is Fantastic, so in the end I'm gonna give X-Men 2 a 7 out of 7 It is a phenomenal movie. It still stands up Singer Knocked it out of the park this while the first film was the pinnacle of Comic book movies. This one showed how good they could be Anyway, guys, that's all for me X-Men Well the last stand is coming up next This is not Wolverine Origins


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The newly appointed commanders of the 32 Nigerian Defense Academy Major General John Ocai has assured of his commitment to a professional training of conduct in order to sustain their capacity to counter terrorism in the country. Ocai stated this when he took over from his predecessor, Plostivy Correspondent Habila Darufal Faas and the Shepherds. The pulling out parade ceremony marks the end of 35 years of military service of the 31st NDA Commandant Major General Ibrahim Yusuf. The decoration of the new commandant with NDA insignia lowering and hoisting of the flag and the inspection of the quarter guard signified a new leadership in the military. In its valedictory remarks, Major General Yusuf said the academy has repositioned its curriculum with 10-year strategic plan to be among the best military premier training school. No military fights a war. It is the nation state that fights the war. So I call on all Nigerians to continue to support their own army, their own air force, their own navy, their own police, their own security and intelligence agencies. Collectively, we can deal with all the threats confronting us. And if we keep blaming the military, the security agencies for whatever, for whatever incident that occurs, we will never get there. The closer the military, the paramilitary and the civilian population as well as the government, the closer we are to each other, the closer we work together, the faster it will be for us to deal with the challenges confronting us. We work with each other, the more we blame each other, the more difficult it will be for us to deal with the challenges confronting us. The new commandant, Major General John O'Chai expresses readiness to improve on the legacy of his predecessor, especially in the area of capacity building. I set advice for us on how to move the academy forward. On this note, I want to congratulate Major I.M. Yusuf for a highly distinguished career in the armed forces of Nigeria, of the Nigerian army of our generation that has a much richer history and I wish you and your family the very best as you go into retirement. My advice to you is that you've put in over 40 years in the service of our great country. Now it is time for you to go and rest. He calls for support in the fight against terrorism, banditry and other territorial threats. I position the academy to produce general leaders with capacity to deal with the current and future challenges, provided our primary clients, the services, evolve their post-commissioned capacity development programs, taking cognizance of the new robust foundation established by the academy, desist from any venture that is illegal, immoral or unethical. This will always be at the detriment of your career and could lead to irreversible consequences. Don't expand your energies, seeking shortcuts or favours from superiors. Use that energy to develop your competencies because good character, competence and leadership are what will make the system find you at the appropriate time. Nigeria is yet to win the war against insecurity. However, the 16th president of Nigeria has promised to back the military with adequate funding to carry out their duties. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Welcome to this presentation about Daftroid and Next Cloud Integration. My name is Bernhard Stockmann. This is Rikki Hirne, and we are developing Daftroid. Daftroid is an Android app that's open source. You can synchronize contacts, calendars, and tasks based on KALDAF and KARDDAF. So basically, you can get your Next Cloud contacts and calendars and tasks to your Android device and synchronize with it. So basically, this makes you free from Google, if you want. OK, the next minutes, we will talk about three different topics. The first is the Daftroid and Next Cloud app integration. After that, we will talk about the calendar collections. And after that, about the contacts. And at the end, we will give you a short roadmap or status of the coming months of Daftroid and what we've planned. OK, the first thing we want to talk is the Daftroid and Next Cloud app integration. Currently, it's pretty easy to use. You open the Next Cloud app, and there is a button where you can give the data to Daftroid. So it's very easy for people to set up the Daftroid account and use Next Cloud with it. Yeah, that's pretty easy. And what could be done on our side is to have a better documented API for adding and listing the accounts. Yeah, and on the Next Cloud app side, we've talked to the guys yesterday and on Friday. It would be cool if you see the Daftroid account inside the Next Cloud app. And of course, we have to deal with some of the new stuff of Android 8, some difficulties approach here in this matter. OK, the next stuff we want to talk about is the calendar integration. So if you open the Next Cloud calendar app, you will have different kind of calendars, the Kaldov-based calendars, and the WebKal calendars. Right now, you can only synchronize Kaldov-based calendars with Daftroid. But with another app, it's called ICS Druid, where you can subscribe to WebKal calendars. And we want to better integrate this. So our scope is to give Next Cloud users the ability to simply click in the Daftroid calendar or Kaldov section and put over the data from the Next Cloud to the ICS Druid app. So it's very easy to subscribe these calendars also. What could be done in the Next Cloud part of it? Yeah, you maybe can implement more iCalendar features. We recently introduced Per Event colors. So it's possible now to give a single event a specialized color. Yeah, OK, that's it for that part. Then we come to the Kaldov part. Currently, Next Cloud is supporting vCard 4, which is great. And the grouping is done by the category field. Now in vCard 4, you have another kind of grouping method. It would be nice if this can be implemented. Yeah, and also it would be cool to have more vCard features. Daftroid is already supporting birthdays without the year. So there is more stuff that can be improved on that side. On our side, the Daftroid side, we want to have read-only address books, which is currently not supported or not really well supported. So that's what we are heading to. OK, one last thing we want to talk about is what comes to Daftroid in the coming months or where we want to talk, where we want to work. In the last month, we have had a lot of inquiries by businesses or organizations. And currently, Daftroid is more or less a single user product for single users that download it. And we don't have deployment features or something like that. OK, so what we plan is some kind of managed Daftroid for organizations and enterprises. It will always have the open source core, as the community edition also has. So it will stay free all the time. But the organizations, of course, need some kind of mass deployment that they cannot deal with every single installation. And the problem currently is that on the Google Play side, paid Android apps we sell it in the Play Store cannot be mass deployed. This is only a feature which Google made for United States and Canada. We don't know why it's not available in Europe or other countries. Yeah, so we have to deal with that on ourselves. And we have quite done a lot of planning on this. So the features shall be that organizations can have automatic configuration via files. This enables them to use custom logos or custom contacts that can be put to the system admin. And of course, we want to have internet deployment. We are managed Play or EMMs and Open Solutions. It will have zero configurations, which make the configuration process of DAFTRAID pretty easy. So the actual user doesn't have to deal with anything of DAFTRAID. It will be done or everything will be done automatically. And of course, we will have license management outside of Google Play. And another important thing is that you will be able to use it without anything of Google. And we plan to do this via FTRAID. And we have separate repository. OK, yeah, we will also offer premium support. And for organizations and businesses, this will be very quite awesome, I think, also for many of the businesses that use Next Cloud. OK, thank you very much. If you have questions, we are here until 3 PM today.


Hello and welcome to this quick recap of community conversations workshop three communities as change agents Today we are just going to tell you a little bit about who we are This is us participate and we are open cooperative and we have been making some some short workshops Just to help people get better at building communities. So in this workshop, we started by sort of helping people Introduce themselves, of course, but also to think a little bit about what they want to see change in the world And then, you know, we went through introducing and the open recognition is for everybody community Going through the two loops model having a look at systems convening and then we did some Q&A So this video is going to focus pretty much just on those First couple of parts. Obviously, it's a video. So we're not going to do some Q&A But by the end of it, hopefully you will be able to Understand the two loop model. You'll understand the seven areas of systems convening be able to apply it to your own work And if you've watched the other couple of videos, you will be able to see the relationships between value cycles maturity systems and convening systems There's no stupid questions And if you want to ask questions in response to the video, please check out the open recognition is for everybody community on the participate platform And so we started by talking a little bit about what is a community of practice a community of practice is a group of people who Share the same concerns share the same passions and they want to interact around a particular Domain or area together in community to work towards change. So they're sharing experiences And and information knowledge sharing and they're doing this in community So the open recognition is for everybody community You can get to it really easily from badges dot community And it's a place where the people who are interested in open recognition are interacting with others who are interested in Communities of practice. I mean those interests kind of cross each other. So in this community Everybody is welcome. It is open for everyone And one of the big things that we talk about is how important open recognition is inside of a community And if you haven't heard of open recognition before Go to badges dot community and there's a bunch of signposts to help you learn what exactly that means and to find the Resources to start implementing it in your community. Um, but today we're going to talk about convening systems So convening systems work Is has a couple of different theoretical underpinnings and we start with the two loops model And there's a great video that gives you a more in-depth view of this model But just really quickly the idea is that in society we have dominant systems and we have emerging systems So everything has a life cycle any system that exists Grows and changes and becomes the dominant system and then at some point it starts to decline and as a dominant system is Declining and emerging system is growing to to try and take its place And and so this is what's called the two loops model now from the open recognition perspective And a way to imagine this two loops model is to think about what old-school credentials look like so on paper diplomas on paper degrees You know what we've been using for a couple hundred years in order to verify the skills and knowledge that people have developed And then we think about what does the emerging system look like open recognition? So in 2023 when we're recording this video and There is tons of technology that allows us to recognize more about a particular person's behaviors social skills all of these things so open badges is a really Good Example of an emerging system and those innovations under the blue arrow are other Other innovations in this space. So the idea is as we develop open recognition in the world Old-school credentials will start to decline as being the dominant system And hopefully someday we live in a world where it's not just the credential you have hanging on your wall But rather a robust system of community recognition that helps people in their lives So the next thing we did in the workshop was we did a little bit of an exercise here And we talked about what kind of dominant systems other people are working within and we saw a lot of great examples we saw political systems that people think are the dominant system that's starting to change and and you know things around around really specific systems in terms of like housing resources and how a dominant system say using a technology like I don't know Google Drive could be replaced by an emerging system like a wiki Where you don't have to deal with the sharing features So there's a lot of ways to look at what its system actually is and you can go quite you can really go into it So systems convening is about bringing together people different people that are working in those emergent systems And helping them to facilitate the kinds of conversations That will push an emergent system further along So there's a lot of different contexts for systems convening and and you can find all of these in the social learning labs Site at it's a bit at least systems convening. You can learn a lot more about this But we're particularly focused in convening systems through community development And so these are the seven steps of Systems convening and this is kind of hard to see hard to read And so in the over recognition is for everybody community. We just tried to make it a little bit more graphic So the kinds of the seven system steps are to start with narrative work a craft a convening call and Legitimacy work so getting people involved who can help you grow the sphere of influence Foundry work so working across silos. So for example open recognition is for everybody works across higher education Volunteer communities. We really want to make sure that open recognition is part of community development So that's across silos identity work is helping people to Gain the mental model of what the old credentialing system looks like and what the new one could look like Agency work is developing communities that allow people to to act and have agency and Power work is dealing with the power structures within a dominant system And narrative work at the end the seventh step is to actually share what's what's happened articulate the value So these are some of the steps of what it looks like in practice And so things like building trust by talking to people one-on-one or showing that you understand what people care about These are these are things that you do within community that is the work of systems convening So in the open recognition is for everyone community We had stuff that looked like this and we got really specific and we also Recognize people for doing this kind of systems convening work so for example in legitimacy one of the Pieces of recognition that we have is called the og badger badge And it is a badge for people who have been involved in the alternative system of open recognition for a long time and Things like agency work Allowing members not allowing but by giving members empowering members There's a word. I want to use empowering members to explicitly influence the community Direction by making sure that people are involved and that you have a flat hierarchy so that Everybody can can offer their skills and talents So the next thing that we did in the workshop was we talked about what this kind of systems convening work looks like for everyone and So how you can think about what it looks like in your community And then of course we had a great discussion and people asked lots of questions and We stuck around for a little while so that if anybody wanted to continue to noodle on what Convening systems means in their specific context They add somebody to to talk to and and think about we also have a badge at bit.ly slash system change That dash badge so if you go back and look at these slides and and you know read the ones that have a lot of text on them and Reflect on what systems convening or the two loops model looks like for you. You're very welcome to go and earn that badge these conversations took place in zoom and We made sure that people have access to the slides So if you go to bit.ly slash convening dash systems, you will find these slides that I just ran you through Thanks so much for watching and be sure to check check out the other videos from the community Community conversations workshops


Hi everyone, let's propagate this guide right here. As you may know, the Palaeopepermionis is also commonly known as the friendship plant, and this is because this plant is really easy to propagate. It all starts with these babies right here. This plant is rhizomatous, which means that it grows with underground rhizomes. And this is really interesting because it basically clones itself into mini-meese. So here is when we go back to the common name of friendship plant, because the Palaeopepermionis grows these pups that then we can cut and pot for ourselves or for our friends. So in order to propagate our Palaeopepermionis, we will need a sharp knife or sharp pruning shears. Remember to always clean and sterilize your tools before you use it with your plant. This is so we make sure to prevent any pests, bacteria or infections to be spread in our plant. Then we want to cut the pup as close as we can from the mother plant. As you can see, these two cuttings don't have so many roots. We have some here, but not so much, but that's okay because they will grow roots as we pot them or put them in water. So let me show you now. So we have two pups right here. One we're gonna pot in water, the other one in soil. So I'm gonna start with the one in soil. And as always, I'm gonna be using my homemade houseplant potting mix. And for this one I use coconut coir, pear light, pumice and worm castings. I'm gonna be adding pear light and pumice just to add a little bit more aeration to the potting mix. Of course the worm castings will be for nutrition and coconut coir for moisture retention. So we're going to start adding our potting mix here. I'll just put it right here. And as you can see, the potting mix is very fluffy. This is because it has pumice and pear light. And this is gonna help the roots grow and breathe. Then I'm gonna make a hole here just to plant our first pop. And let's plant this one right here. I'm gonna use my tool here to add a little bit more soil without hurting the stem, like that. And there we have it. As you can see, I am pressing softly just a little bit because we still want the soil to be a little bit fluffy so some air can go through. For the one that will be propagating in water, I'm gonna be using this jar right here. This one is an old spice jar. And I find it really useful because you can reuse it first of all. And second of all, for these small plants, the opening is not so big. So then the leaves actually don't go inside, which is really great. So all we need to do is add some water to our jar, like so, and place our cutting in the water, making sure that the leaves are not touching the water.  And they won't get so much direct sunlight. It's mostly indirect with very bright sunlight here. So which one are you trying? Water propagation or soil propagation? Let me know down in the comments and how it goes for you. And as always, I will see you in the next one. Okay, ciao.


Welcome. I welcome you all to this lecture in the course, Samasa in Paninian Grammar. And this is the first course on Samasa. We begin our lecture, as is our practice, by the recitation of the Mangala Charana. In this course, we are concentrated on the Tattpurusha Samasa. Tattpurusha Samasa is one of the four major types of samasas in Sanskrit. The four are the three types of samasas. Tattpurusha Samasa is one of the four major types of samasas in Sanskrit. The four are Avyaibhava, Tattpurusha, Bahuvrihi and Dhvandhva, in that order as stated in the Grammar of Panini in the text of Ashtadhyayi. Tattpurusha Samasa is by far the most productive of the samasas. Panini has also spent considerable amount of time and also space in terms of the number of sutras in dealing with the Tattpurusha Samasa in comparison with the other types of samasas. Be it Samasa Vidhyayaka Sutra or Samasa Antapraktyaya Vidhyayaka Sutra or Swara Vidhyayaka Sutra, the sutras describing the Tattpurusha Samasa, they are quite big, quite numerous, with reference to the other samasas and the sutras stated to explain the phenomena related to those types of samasas. Tattpurusha Samasa also has got quite a lot of variety and we have studied many of these samasas so far. We started with the Vibhakti Tattpurusha and then in the Vibhaktis we started with Dvitya, Tritya, Chaturthi, Panchami, Saptami and then Shastri in this particular order. Then we studied Karma Dharaya Samasa along with Dvigu following which we studied the Naya Tattpurusha Samasa and also Ekadeshi Tattpurusha Samasa. After that we studied the Gatti Samasa as well as the Pradhi Samasa followed by the Upapada Tattpurusha Samasa that we are studying right now. The formation of the Tattpurusha Samasa can be easily explained in the form of the equation shown on the slide where we have X and Y as two different entities and separate entities in terms of meaning as well as word form as well as accent. However, these two are interrelated semantically and therefore the speaker of Sanskrit decides to merge them together and form an output which is one single unit. So X, Y is the output formed and in this X, Y, Y acts as the head of this X, Y and that's why Y is written in bold characters. What this means is that now X, Y is one unit but within that Y acts as a head which means that when X, Y is interrelated with any other external word in the sentence this interrelation of X, Y with other external word will happen only through Y. X will be interrelated with any other external element only through Y. When X is interrelated with any other external word without going through Y, such a samasa is treated as an exception and it is termed as a samartha samasa. Let us now study some remaining Upapadha samasas. Upapadha samasa is prescribed by the sutra Upapadham ating 2219. This sutra has got two padhas, Upapadham as well as ating. Upapadham is one slash one of Upapadha which means the word designated as Upapadha and this is designated by the sutra 3192 Tattra Upapadham Saptami Stham. Since the word Upapadham appears in Prathama Vibhakti by the sutra Prathama Nirdishtham Samasa Upasarjanam the Upapadha will get the Upasarjana Saudhnya thereby by the sutra Upasarjanam Purvam the Upapadha will have the Purva Nipata. The Upapadha will occupy the first position of the samasa. The second word in the sutra is ating which is also one slash one and ating means which is not a thing. Eventually it means which is not a thinganta. Words continued in the sutra are sup and also sahasupa as well as samartha padha vidhi. So the meaning of the sutra is the following any subanta whose prathipadhikas are designated as Upapadha is compounded with any other interrelated word which is not a thinganta. Any subanta whose prathipadhikas are designated as Upapadha is compounded with any other interrelated word which is not a thinganta. There are certain questions that arise after reading this particular meaning. What is the need of the word ating in this particular sutra? This is the first question. What it implies is that what is achieved by this negation in the word ating? The questions arise because when we make not a thinganta a condition for this sutra to apply the only other available option through this negation is that of a subanta because subtingantam padam is the definition of padha and once we negate thinganta what remains is only a subanta and this is available to us anyway because of the continuation of the word sup and sahasupa. So what is the need of the word ating in the sutra? And still panini maintains this negation and says ating so we are forced to think that in this sutra the basic condition of sup sahasupa does not apply. Rather sup only with sahasupa will apply. So the structure of such a samasa would be of the following kind where we have two elements the first one being a subanta ending in su and the second one ending in a krith suffix. So when we say ating we refer to krith. Thing and krith both are the terms for the suffixes which are added after a verbal root dhatu and therefore when thing is negated what remains is krith. So the first is the purva padha ending in su and the second element is the element ending in krith suffix. So dhatu plus krith. Supadhatu prathipadika yo will apply and will delete su in the purva padha and so we have the output generated of this kind where we have the purva padha followed by the dhatu plus krith this element and this will be the structure of the upapada samasa. Now let us study some more suffixes stated by some more sutras in the section 3, 2, 1 up to 101 onwards. Right now we are studying the sutra duha-kapghascha 3, 2, 7, T. The words in the sutra are duha-kapgha and chha. The sutra reads duha-kapghascha 3, 2, 7, T. The words which are part of this sutra are duha-kapghascha which is 5 slash 1 of duha which means immediately after the verbal root duha to milk. Kap which is 1 slash 1 of kap the suffixes a with ka as a marker which negates the guna and pa as another marker which triggers the accent. Also gha is 1 slash 1 which is the substitute gha, consonant gha and chha, chha means and. Words continued are dhatoho 3, 191 which means immediately after the verbal root pratyaya 3, 1, 1 karmani 7 slash 1 which means karmani upapade when karma is the upapada by tattrapapadam saptami stham 3, 192. Also krada-ting is present 3, 193. So the meaning of the sutra is the following the suffix kap is added in the sense of karta to verbal root duha when the upapadas are related to the action of milking in the sense of karma and in this environment the final hur of the verbal root is substituted by gha. I repeat the suffix kap is added in the sense of karta to verbal root duha when the upapadas are related to the action of milking in the sense of karma and in this environment the final hur of the verbal root duha is substituted by gha. So here are the examples when the meaning to be denoted is one who milks the desire in this sense we have kamam dogdhi as the laukika vigraha and the laukika vigraha would be kamma plus am plus duha plus kap kap is prescribed by this particular sutra. Now samasa saudhna takes place and then pratipadika saudhna takes place and then supodhata pratipadika yoho applies so now we have kamma plus zero plus duha plus a then by the same sutra duha kap gascha hur of the verbal root dha is replaced by gha and so we have kamma plus zero plus duha plus a and then we join them together and we get kamaduga. Kamaduga means kamam dogdhi and one who milks the desire and the feminine form would be kamaduga similarly dhamam dogdhi will be the laukika vigraha one who milks the dharma and so the derived output would be dhamaduga in this process we follow the same procedure and we also have the feminine form dhamaduga we note that this sutra duha kap gascha is stating two operations first the addition of the suffix kap immediately after the verbal root duha and the substitution of gha in place of hur which is part of the verbal root duha let us proceed further the next sutra which we study is ane bhyopidrashyante a very unique sutra ane bhyopidrashyante three two seventy five in this sutra there are three padas ane bhyaha api and drashyante ane bhyaha is five slash three of anya which means immediately after the other other verbal roots api means also drashyante means are seen words continued are dhato ho from three one ninety one which means immediately after the verbal root pratyayaha three one one krdating three one ninety three manin kwanip and vanipaha from three two seventy five which continues from three two seventy three another sutra is the suffixes manin kwanip vanip and which are seen added in the sense of karta to other verbal roots also when there are upapadas related to the action denoted by the respective verbal roots and also when there are no upapadas I repeat the suffixes manin kwanip vanip and which are seen added in the sense of a karta to other verbal roots also when there are upapadas related to the action denoted by the respective verbal roots and also when there are no upapadas manin is a suffix in which the suffix that is visible in the form is man in kwanip van in vanip van and which is a zero suffix so now the meaning to be expressed is one who slays or one who removes nicely shobhanam shranati in this case now we have su plus su plus shuru plus manin jokika vigraha following this particular sutra and so because now the samasa saudhnya will take place so the pratipadika saudhnya will also take place and supodhatu pratipadika yoho will apply and will delete the su in the purvapada so we have su plus zero plus shuru plus manin and we have su plus zero plus shuru plus manin and finally we get sushar manin as the compound output which means shobhanam shranati one who slays or removes nicely similarly when the meaning to be conveyed is one who goes in the morning pratar eti here we have pratar plus su plus e plus kwanip this is the alaukika vigraha now samasa saudhnya happens pratipadika saudhnya also happens supodhatu pratipadika yoho takes place so now we have pratar plus zero plus e plus one and then pratar plus zero plus e is added with the augment so we have pratar eti one and the only derived compound output is pratar eti meaning the same as pratar eti one who goes in the morning similarly one who goes ahead and here we have agre gaccati and agre plus su plus gamma plus one if this is the alaukika vigraha and so we get agre plus zero plus gamma plus one and then finally ma is substituted by a and we have agre gaa plus one and finally we get the form agre gaa one as the compound output one who goes ahead similarly when the meaning is one who slays the alaukika vigraha is yaha reshati and here we add the suffix which and so we get resha plus which and resha plus which and finally derived output is resh this is not a compound output but this is shown to demonstrate that these suffixes are added when the upapadas exist and also when the upapadas do not exist the next sutra is quipcha this is 3276 quipcha has got two padas quip and cha quip is one slash one which is a zero suffix cha means and words continued are dhatoho 3191 which means immediately after a verbal root and pratyayaha 311 also kradating 3193 so the meaning of the sutra is the following the suffix quip is seen added in the sense of karta to any or all verbal roots also when there are upapadas related to the action denoted by the respective verbal roots and also when there are no upapadas in the vedic as well as non-vedic language I repeat the suffix quip is seen added in the sense of karta to any or all verbal roots also when there are upapadas related to the action denoted by the respective verbal roots and also when there are no upapadas in the vedic as well as non-vedic language so the meaning is to be conveyed is one which drops from a boiler ukha yaha sram satay so we have ukha plus nasi plus sramsa plus quip and then the samasa saudhna takes place so the pratyapadika saudhna takes place so supodhatup pratyapadika yoho applies and so we have ukha plus zero quip is a zero suffix but because it is kith the anuspara in sramsa gets deleted and so we have ukha sras as the form of the pratyapadika in the form of the finally derived compound output which means the same as ukha yaha sram satay one which drops from a boiler the next sutra that we study is 3-2-7-8 suppe jatau ninis tachi liye there are four padas in the sutra supi, ajatau, ninis and tachi liye supi is seven slash one meaning subanta is the upapada thereby no upasarga is understood as upapada ajatau is seven slash one when not a generic property is denoted ninis is one slash one of animi animi means in in the sense of an agent or karta tachi liye is seven slash one which means in the sense of habit words continued are dhato ho 3191 which means immediately after a verbal root pratyayaha 311 krudatin 3193 so the meaning of the sutra is the following the suffix nini is added in the sense of karta to any or all verbal roots when any subanta accept the words denoting generic property or upapadas and when the compound conveys the habitual behavior I repeat the suffix nini is added in the sense of karta to any or all verbal roots when any subanta accept the words denoting generic property or upapadas and when the compound conveys the habitual behavior when the compound conveys the habitual behavior so if the meaning is one who is habitual in eating hot or cold if this meaning is to be conveyed we have as well as as the and so from we have this is the so samasa saudhnya takes place so pratipati ka saudhnya takes place so supodhatu pratipati ka yoho applies and we have usna plus zero plus bhoja plus in as the next step in the process of derivation then we have usna plus zero plus bhoja plus in and finally we get the derived compound output in the form of usna bhojin means usnam bhoomte one who is habitual in eating hot food similarly shitam bhoomte is the laukika vigraha and the laukika vigraha would be shita plus am plus bhoja plus ninn and then samasa saudhnya takes place so pratipati ka saudhnya takes place and supodhatu pratipati ka yoho applies and so we have shita plus zero plus bhoja plus in so the next we get shita plus zero plus bhoja plus in and finally we get the compound output in the form of shita bhojin shita bhojin means one who has a habit of eating cold food shita bhojin this means the same thing as shitam bhoomte now we have some more upapadas and some more suffixes but now we enter another important adhikara at 3284 so from 3284 onwards the suffixes are stated up to 32101 which are stating the upapadas and very suffixes in the context of these upapadas the suffixes are denoting the sense of an agent but also an additional sense of past tense and these suffixes will be studied in the next lecture to summarize the suffixes in this particular section mean different karakas by default they mean agent but sometimes also the most effective means namely the karana there are suffixes which get added after all verbal roots thereby increasing the accommodating strength of the grammar as a system enabling the accounting of the new forms generated in the course of time in the grammar of panini it uses very rarely the verb in the sutras the one used in this particular section drishyante denotes the action of seeing thereby highlighting the basic act of observation needed for a grammarian to formulate rules we study some more suffixes and some more sutras formulating the upapada in the coming lecture these are the texts referred to thank you very much


Fiery horse with the speed of light, the cloud of dust and a hardy high old silver, the low ranger. During the years of unrest that followed the Civil War, a powerful secret organization called the Legion of the Black Arrow sprang up in the western United States. Its members were to be found everywhere, defying the law or using the law for their own purposes, working toward the ultimate goal of revolt and the foundation of a despotic empire. It was the masked rider of the plains who led the fight against this band of outlaws and traitors, and for once, his great strength and courage, his daring and resourcefulness were taxed to the utmost in the cause of democracy. Return with us now to those thrilling days when the West was young. From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the great horse Silver. The lone ranger rides again. Come on Silver, run the trail of the Black Arrow. Come on Silver, come on. As the lone ranger and tonto rode south from Helena, two members of the Legion of the Black Arrow watched them from the past high above the valley. The Mask Man, him and the Injun, were they heading this way? Yes, along the trail. They'll be up here in about three hours, Cretac. Get an ambush ready for them. Make sure you don't miss. Keeno. Get rid of him and you'll have a place of honor at the next meeting in the cave. Oh wait, what's the matter? Look at the other pass. The one from the west. You've got a spyglass torlock, those black specks. Aren't they men riding down to the valley? Yes. Packed train? They've hailed the Mask Man. Sort of funny. They must know him or that Mask can make him think he was an outlaw. They're soldiers, Cretac. Soldiers? My guess is that's General Cartwright at the head of the column. And the Mask Man and Injun are turning around. They're riding to meet him. Our chance is gone. No it isn't. He'll be riding south alone sometime. I can hang around with the men and wait for him. There isn't time, Cretac. The Black Arrow has other work for you hundreds of miles from here. Work that can't wait. What's up? I'll explain that later. When we've joined your partner. Karen is waiting for us just outside of Denver. Karen. I don't like her. That isn't important. She has brains and you'll need her. Come on.  Get up there. Did you follow the instructions you received, Karen? I have the clothes I was told to get. And I'm here. That's all your message said. You seem to resent the fact you didn't say more. Didn't surprise me. You guard your plane so carefully, Torlock. The leader must be very proud of you. At times he has been. Or perhaps you even guard your plans from him. That would be impossible. Or cut it out. What's the use of all of Palaver? I always make it a point to let Karen get her hate for me talked out. Afterwards she'll be ready to go to work. I'm sorry. It's wrong for me to hate you. We're both working for the same cause. Why don't you cut it out? I'll tell you why. I've only been to the cave twice. I've never seen the leader's face. That's nothing. Nobody has. But I'm thrilled to his words. The legion of the black arrow shall triumph. I die for him. We all swear allegiance to the death, Karen. That doesn't explain your hatred of me. It's because you remind me of him. Do I? There's something in your voice. I think you try to imitate him. And you're so different. The leader's like a bright sword cutting through the night. And you. Yes? A knife that strikes in the back. You're cold and ruthless and cruel. So are you. Well, not cold, Craddock. The leader has called you to flame. He has? It wasn't a compliment. When you flare up, you're apt to lose your good judgment and act on impulse. But you'll try to learn more self-control, won't you? And follow orders without. I'd never disobey an order. Without question, Karen. I. Yes, Tolak. I'll obey without question in the future. And listen. Have either of you heard of Stephen Hayden? No. I have. He's an editor in St. Louis. He's coming west. What for? To live. In Bennett City, to be exact. He's bought the frontier times. What about it? We disapprove of his ideas. He believes that if the Indians are treated fairly, we won't have any more trouble with them. That's true enough. With tribes like Thunder Clouds, anyway. Black Arrow wants trouble. Even now, the leader is planning to arouse the Indians in revolt. We must put an end to Stephen Hayden's influence before it has a chance to be felt. And how do you plan to do that? He's never been west before. He isn't known in Bennett City at all. How do you buy the paper? All the transactions were carried on by mail. But he and his daughter are starting from St. Joe's in a week. I see. His daughter. The Black Arrow will make sure that he never reaches Bennett City. You and Craddick will arrive instead.  That's right. But I don't know anything about running a paper. Don't worry. I'll be close at hand to give you all the advice you need. And all I have to do is play a part. You'll find it's a part that's worthy of the flame. We start in the morning. Death to our enemies. Death to our enemies. What's the matter, Mary? Nothing, Father. You seem to be worried. I'm just wondering, that's all. The agent in the last town said we'd follow a long, low ridge all the way into Bennett City. We are. But the ridge is on our left instead of on the right. And this road is so bumpy. We haven't found any that are very smooth. I don't believe we have. Did you hurt yourself? No. I don't believe this is the main trail. Why don't you ask the guard why we're coming this way? He's been no other business, Mary. The country's so wild. I've been wanting to see a few trees, but there's so many around here. It's as if we're heading straight into a forest. It was a mistake to bring you with me. Oh, no, it wasn't. You're going to need someone to make a home for you. You're nervous. I haven't been him until now. Father! Look over there. There's a band of men riding out of the trees. They're mad. Get down on the floor. Not unless you do. I have a gun. We can fight. You said these men knew their business. It's up to the guard to protect the coach. He's the only one man against the hypothesis and he can't hold them off. We're stopping. Perhaps in various ways. We wouldn't have a chance to fight a man. There's a woman with them. All right, Mr. Hayden. Step out of the coach with your hands high. Do as he says, Father. It's a good thing I'm not carrying much money with me. Hey, take it. This is a hole in there. In a way? Get his wallet and all his papers, Craddock. Right. My papers. Remember your covers. Yes. One false movement I'll have to shoot. Hey, notice you weren't bothering to cover the guard. The guard happens to be a friend of ours. That goes for the driver. They're friends and willing workers. They're crooks. Not at all, Miss Hayden. You'll understand everything when I have a chance to talk with you and your father. What do you mean by that? You got everything, Craddock? I guess so. Make sure. I'm sure. And it's time for you to join your father outside, Miss Hayden. You want me to? You wouldn't harm a woman. That depends on you. I'm waiting. And unless your daughter obeys me at once, I may have to. No, please don't shoot. Inside the coach, Craddock. All right, Karen. Must you always use our names, Tullock? There's nothing to fear from these two.  I'm glad there's no need for acting like her. Hurry. You have your instructions, Craddock. Identify yourself, take over the newspaper, and then wait for me. How long will you be? I'm going to have a talk with Mr. Hayden. It won't take long. Get going, driver. All right. Get up, Karen. Peter! Come on, Peter. Bring up those horses. Where are you taking us? Here to be our guests. They're going to hold us prisoners. It's all right. Into the saddleboat here. Give them some help. That's the idea. Back to camp, boys. Dig in with your spurs. The news of Indian unrest had brought the lone ranger and tanto assault in the gold country. First to Denver, then east to Dodge City, and south to Abilene. Then on to Bennett City, the great horse silver in the scout raised along the trail. Suddenly, the masked man raised his arm and a signal to stop. What? What matter came us, hubby? We've been following the wheel, Marce. The last stage it came this way. They've disappeared. I think we better investigate. Maybe so. Other trail cut way from this one, back there. Yes. Come on, silver. Get him up, scout. That's not main trail. At least the other side of the ridge. Then it cuts back to this one beyond. I can't understand why the stage should take it. The stage turned here all right. It's bad comfy in the other side of the ridge. Entie band. We'll follow these track tollow. I don't like the looks of it. Get him up, scout. Come on, silver. Mr. Hayden, you rested after your hard ride? A little. I think you realize it would be almost impossible for anyone to find you here. Why are you holding us prisoners? I figured that out. That man and woman who got into the stage are going on to Bennett City. They're going to pretend that you and me. Why do I like him? Because we need your paper. What does a band of outlaws want with a paper? Do you ever hear of the Black Arrow? I've heard something. The Legion of the Black Arrow? Yes. They're supposed to be a secret organization. Not supposed to be, there is. We're pledged to destroy them. We? You're one of them. Yes, Mr. Hayden, I'm one of them. We're pledged to destroy the power of the United States west of the Mississippi. We're building a new empire. You're crazy. The men of vision have often been called crazy. Perhaps you have yourself in regard to the Indian problem, for instance. Kindness and tolerance are the only things can solve that problem. Exactly the course we shall follow when they're under our rule. But until that day comes, they must be kept in a constant turmoil, angry and bitter against the settlers, anxious for revenge. It's all right. Of course it's all right. You know, we respect your brains, Mr. Hayden. We'd like to have your workforce. What's that? We offer two rewards. In the future, a high place at the side of the emperor. Right now, $100,000. What if I refuse? I have business in Bennett City. I'm going to leave you here with the men. Can't you take these ropes off? You'll think better of them on. I'm going to leave you here to consider the alternative. And what's that? The alternative is death. It's no use, father. You'll never be able to get those ropes loose. They're cutting into your wrist more and more. The light from the campfire doesn't reach us here. I've got to keep twirling while I have the chance. It's no use. Please, please don't. I'll never get into that madman. He's asking me to be a traitor to the United States. Can't you pretend to get in? We only have a little time. We haven't. Someone's bound to find out that man and the girl are impostered before long. They'll start looking for him. I won't do any good. And I don't think pretending would do any good either. If I accept that man's proposition, it'll make me do something right away to incriminate myself. Who are you? Father. I don't cry out, please. I'm asked, man. You can't be a member of the gang. I'm not. Will you help us? Who are you? Stephen Hayden from St. Louis. This is my daughter. That's enough.  Did you make that noise? Yes. Sounded like a bird. We'll soon have horses here. No, is that you? Quick. I'll help you up behind Tutto, miss. Yo, answer me. Go on, Tutto. Here's my hand, Hayden. Hey, what's going on over there?  Come on, Silver. Boys, it's our prisoners. They're getting away. I've been after them. The curtain falls on the first act of our thrilling Lone Ranger story. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. Continue our story. The Lone Ranger and Tutto rescued Stephen Hayden and his daughter from the camp with a black arrow were holding them prisoners. In spite of the fact they were carrying double, Silver and Sculpt soon left their pursuit behind. And just before dawn, camp was made in the woods outside of Bennett City. That's fine, Tutto. You've chosen a spot where the fire can't be seen from the trail. You say you're not an Adler. No, I'm not. And we aren't prisoners. No. Then why won't you take us into Bennett City? Because it isn't safe. You've told me that the man and the girl who are using your name. That's true. I would have found the sheriff and denounced them. But you've also told me they took all your papers. Yes. And there's no one in town who can identify you. Well, no. But how are you going to prove your statement? He's right, Father. You can't. We'll take you back to Abilene. The express agent there will answer for us. Mr. Hayden, while you were in that camp, how much did you learn about the black arrow? They're a band of traitors. And they're trained over through the government. Did you meet a man called Torlock? Yes. He offered me $100,000 to join them. That must give you some idea of their wealth and power. They're all over the West, even sheriffs, bankers, men who are respected by everyone. Well, they belong. If Torlock isn't their leader, he's one of the Legion's most important officers. I can believe that. You could accuse him of treason against the United States, couldn't you? Of course. But he intends to use your paper to incite the settlers against the Indians. That's what I get it. If we let him go ahead with his plans, this may be our chance to capture him. I see. You want to give him enough rope to hang himself. Yes. If I only knew who you were, I feel that I ought to trust you, but you're Mask. You hear him call Horse Silver? Yes. Of course, Silver. Him Lone Ranger. The Lone Ranger. Oh, Father, you've got to do what he says. I will, Mask Man. Anything at all. And for the time being, just stay here, or you'll be safe. But how can we find out what's happening? Toto. You'd better start for Abilene right now. Get the express agent and bring him back here. You know him? Yes. Here, give him the Silver bullet, and he'll follow your instructions. Yes, Count. Tell him that he'll have to be away for several days to make all the arrangements necessary. When the time comes to identify you, Hayden, we'll have to do it in a hurry. How can you find out what Tolok's up to? As soon as Toto gets back, he'll help me with the disguise, and then I'll go into town. Maybe Black Harrowman there. There's a chance we'll have to take. All right, Kimosabe. Get him up, Scout. It was early that evening that Karen raced along the main street of Bennett City and rained up in front of the newspaper office. The girl was crying, and as she swung from her saddle, a crowd of townspeople surrounded her. Let me through, please. I'm the sheriff, Miss Hayden. What's happening? Please, I want my father. There they are, Miss Mary. Mary, what's the meaning of this? Oh, Pa, I'm afraid. Afraid of what? I rode out of town to see the sunset in the red. Alone? Yes, sir. Why, I warned you not to. There are Indians around here. Well, they're only thunderclouds' tribe, Mr. Hayden. You don't have to be afraid of them. Mary, just what happened? I rode a long way. I didn't realize it was getting dark when I turned back, and then I saw them coming over the ridge. Indians. Why, they wouldn't have heard you. They started yelling and shouting at me. One of the arrows came so close that I thought it hit me. Must have been a patchy. I don't know. They were painted red streak down each cheek, one across their forehead. Does that sound like a patchy? No, it sounds like thunderclouds' men. But they haven't put on war paint for years. You heard my daughter? Yes, but I still. There's an arrow stuck in the saddle blanket. I guess that's proof enough. Well, as the kind thundercloud uses. This means war. Oh, now wait a minute, Hayden. The Indians your daughter saw may be renegades. I'll go to thunderclouds' village tomorrow and have a talk with him. A talk? I tell you, his tribe is peaceful. I say, they're murdering savages. The Times is printing an extra tonight, Sheriff. The whole territory is going to learn about this. I'm calling every decent man to ride against thunderclouds' tribe and wipe them out. I was well done, Karen. You saw it, Torlach? I was watching from this office window, carefully, of course. I didn't show myself, but I could see and hear everything. My congratulations on your caution. Bring Craddick in here. Why don't you? That's an order. He's giving the story to the men. They have to set it up in type. He's had plenty of time for that. Very well. Oh, here he is now. How long before the papers will be printed? You're starting, I guess, three or four hours? That's good enough. As soon as you've finished, have the men distribute them all over town. Keenell.  You are? Right away. You'll be leaving before morning as well. But I thought I... The reason we've struck so fast here and the reason we're moving out is very simple. The Lone Ranger. Yes, he's somewhere around. And the real Stephen Hayton is with him. What's the Sheriff going to think of me? I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I'm not sure if I'm going to think if Mary... I mean if Karen and me disappear. You're going to take care of that. Hmm? After the men have left the printing office, you'll wreck the presses. Wreck them? Wreck this office, too. I have some evidence that you'll leave behind here. What kind of... Take a look at it. An arrow, a belt, and a tomahawk. All with the markings of Thunder Cloud's tribe. Where'd you get them? Who knows? Perhaps Thunder Cloud gave them to me himself. You understand, Craddock? Yeah. Sure. It'll look as if the Indians carried me off. Exactly. Come, Karen. I'm ready. Then hurry. How are you? How are you? My mask, Tutto. Huh? What did you find out? I didn't see Torlock. But you're taking over the paper tonight, Hayden. To me? An extra's being printed. The county reads it. Maybe open warfare with Thunder Cloud's tribe. What you say? The girl who's taking your place, Miss Hayden, came riding into town with a story that Thunder Cloud's braids have tried to murder her. Oh, that's not true. The sheriff found it just as hard to believe. But the settlers may believe it. We can't wait to catch Torlock. We'll have to expose those imposters at once. Hayden, you and your daughter can ride the extra horses Tutto brought from Abilene. Them all settled. We'll get them out soon. Yes, sir. The sheriff knows you, doesn't he? Sure. He'll take your word about Hayden. If he don't, I'll bust his head in. He'd be glad to, but we've got to hurry. We're all ready. Then come on.  The Indians on war pass. Thunder Cloud's brutal murder attempt A call to arms. That's fine, boys. This paper will wake him up.  Don't miss a single house in town. I'm with your hands. A mask man. That's a sheriff with him. What's up? What's your name? My name? Well, you know my name, sheriff. I'm Stephen Hayden. He isn't telling the truth, man. Here's the real Stephen Hayden. He was taken prisoner between here and Abilene. What's that? This man's an impostor and he's under arrest. Do you have work to do, Hayden? Right. This paper belongs to me, boys, and my first order is to burn all those papers. We'll have an extra, though. An extra that tells the truth about the gang this man belongs to and what they're trying to do. Come on. Help me cut these lies outside. Anything off of you? You don't want to have a talk with him, won't you, mask man? Yes. Well, I'm not here. He is a girl. Just try and find him. We will. What's your charge against me, sheriff? First, it's holding up the stage. And second, what the... There it is, sheriff, on his wrist. The mark of the black arrow. Yeah. What about it?  Try and prove it. Hayden can do that and he will. Just as soon as the sheriff turns you over to a United States Marshal. A tattoo mark isn't any proof of that. You find out differently. Hayden found out the meaning of the black arrow from Torlock himself. His daughter was a witness. The second charge is treason. And you pay the penalty. The legion of the black arrow will triumph. Who are you? Where's Torlock now? You'll never find out from me. I'll show you. We just know you, sheriff. Not even death. I know you, oath. All you can do is lock him up and turn him over to the government. One thing I must warn you about, sheriff. What's that? Don't mention the black arrow to anyone. Why not? It seems to me that the more people that know about it, the better. The government doesn't seem to think so. When the right time comes to strike against him openly, we'll call on every loyal American. Until then, you must guard the secret of the black arrow as carefully as they do themselves. What have you say goes, Mass Man? Of course I'd like to help. And for the time being, just make sure your prisoner doesn't escape. You can depend on that. At least we stopped him from making any trouble with the Indians. We can't be sure. They may be trying to arouse them, as well as the settlers. Well, not on our riding on. Good luck, Mass Man. I don't have to tell you. You're fighting for the lives of every man and woman in this county. We'll do our best. Come, Tutto. As the lone Ranger and Tutto raced out of town, the first gray light of dawn rimmed the sky. On they rode, the great copper sun rose above the horizon. The distant hills took shape through the morning mist, and suddenly the Masked Man raised his arm and his signal to stop. Steady, Silver. Look, Tutto. That isn't mist, is it? No. It looked more like smoke? A signal. That's right. What does it say? Pray from Thunder Cloud Tribe to make signal. It called for help. Need help. Plenty bad. Pull, Silver. Get him up, Scoundrel. The prairie was left behind. Into the foothills they rode. The signals had stopped. The great rock marked the ridge where they'd been sent. Ensure of their destination, the Masked Man and the Indian raced on. At last the rock had been seen. Then a faint thread of smoke still rising to the sky. And as they rained up, they saw an Indian lying on the ground. Quick, Tutto. That bra has been hurt. I'll bring the canteen. Time to do it. He's trying to get through his feet, hanging onto the rock. Die! We saw your signal. What's happened? Listen. Danger. Chief Thunder Cloud. In fall. He was trying to warn us about something. We've got to save his life, Kimo Sabe. Hurry, Tutto. What you have just heard is a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated.


Appalachian Wireless is transforming the way you upgrade your smart phone. Trade in, trade up and experience the benefits of Appalachian Wireless's trade-in program. Get your estimate on AppalachianWireless.com now. Better service and bigger savings, that's today's Appalachian Wireless. When we got up here, we did find a substantial rock slide. We had a couple of boulders come off, a few trees. We did find some structural damage to the building. It's not real bad. However, the vehicles that were in the parking lot, obviously customers of the business, we did have one completely destroyed and we had several vehicle damage. It looks like probably upwards maybe six, seven. It does look like one is completely totaled, obviously. One of the boulders basically landed on it.