Okay, so the recording has started and can get into today's class and it was Kiran's birthday on Saturday. No, Kiran Yes, yes, okay. How was it? How was the day? Well, at first everyone is forgot. I Little upset then later. Oh, is it? Oh, you are so sorry Even my grandmother forgot Okay, okay In evening and after in evening and night I too much blessed and everyone even I did not expect like a problem you all men But my one it it was nice I blessed Okay, okay, that's great. Kiran wonderful. Yeah, and belated wishes What they wish is to you once again and pray that God will continue to lead you into greater things in this new year of your life Yeah, sure, so let's Pray together. I would like to request someone to pray and also please do pray for Kiran As you do the opening prayer anyone Yeah, but Thomas Thomas. Are you comfortable? Okay, I'll bring yeah We thank you we praise you for this wonderful day a lot the day beginning father. We thank you praise your father It's good to hear your word a lot as we sit and study your word and scriptures father Let the scriptures will come to real to us father. I Speak the spontaneous revelation as ma'am speaking father. Let me receive the spontaneous revelation father. Thank you We praise you help us to understand that the spirit of wisdom rest upon each and every one of us Thank you, praise you. We give you glory and call us in Jesus Okay, all right. Thank you. Thank you Thomas and Kiran we bless you in Jesus name Okay, we'll continue with our class for today. We are going through the book of John And we'll see what insights we can gain from it We took quite a bit of time in John chapter one because there were so many Insights about the Godhead and especially about Jesus for us to learn and understand So it took some time, but as we progress hopefully we will be faster because we also need to Complete our potions in time So mostly I will just touch upon The incidents and the truth that those incidents bring out so we can apply it in our own lives And as in when you have any questions or you want to add to what I am sharing You just feel free. No, don't even wait. You can always just post a Post it on the chat or unmute yourself and talk. Okay. So yes, great. It's wonderful I mean in the book of John is one of those early books know that all of us Read or we are instructed to read when we accept Christ and Because it's simple and at the same time it introduces God so clearly to us It forms a nice foundation on which we can build All the other things that we learn from God's work. So in the last class We had started John chapter 2 and in John chapter 2 we saw that Jesus Manifest his glory. How did he manifest his glory? He performed a miracle in the wedding of Kena. So some insights that we learned from there The fact that you know God was concerned about the needs of people what people are going through in their everyday situation We also saw how God's power Met the needs of the people and it was also not really the time when Probably Jesus was supposed to start doing his mighty works But he still responds to the request of Mary He still responds to the need that he sees around him and he You know basically responds to faith. So That shows us when we carry faith It was not really God's timing in in a sense because Jesus says like hey my time has not yet come Why are you telling me all these things about not having wine in the wedding? So it kind of shows us that he had planned to start Releasing his power sometime later, but faith right faith causes God to move Okay So faith is very important very very important and that is something we see in what happened and also as you look at the incident He instructs people to fill those water pots with water You see God wanted the people to take some steps now In our lives in some situations We want God to move on our behalf and we are waiting on him and we say God you do it you do it you do it But God could give us some instructions and he may want us to move along The lines of the instruction so we have to be careful about Stepping into that and doing what he's telling us to do. Thankfully the servants over here They filled the water pots with water and also one more thing which Jesus told them as he said in verse 8 He said draw some out now and take it to the master of the feast again an act of faith now what if The water had not turned into wine. So whoever the servant was they had faith in Jesus, okay Otherwise what what were the options the servant would have wanted to take little bit taste it and check Huh, has it become wine if it has become wine? I will give it to the master, but the servant exercised faith and said, okay God like you are telling me to do this. I trust that you have Turn water into wine Isn't it so amazing amazing that the Servant took it and he actually gave it to the master now Also, we might because we don't have too much of text explaining this as some people might say that, you know Maybe the servant was ignorant completely ignorant to what happened to the Water and he just followed instructions also, but yeah Now if the servant was aware then obviously it's faith on the part of the servant to take a step And you see this everywhere Jesus does this everywhere. He tells the people okay now now you you Take up your bed and walk Do this do that so an act of faith and as we step into the act of faith The healing comes the miracle happens the breakthrough comes so taking steps of faith is also something we learn from this passage And now we learn that God is a God of Restoration Okay, and God is a God of miracles because why I Shared in the last class that it takes several years to mature and the best wine is aged And everyone knows this but God miraculously Turned the situation around he water is another Element or What do you call that? Another compound. Okay. I forgot in chemistry. Sorry about that, but it's another like it has different Components to it and then wine has different components to it. So that's how we call it a miracle. How can water become wine? In a few moments only God can do it. It's a miracle He released a miracle and he's a God of restoration because the people the couple and the Master of the feast Where in a difficult time if Wine was not served to the guests. They would have gotten a bad name, but you praise God that they're Challenging situation their circumstance Their shame you could say right because people will talk about it and they'll say oh that wedding They never gave us good wine. It was all over the guests would have spoken ill of the hosts But God restored God covered their shame No, God really expressed his care towards those who were in need at that time So we understand the nature of God We understand who he is and how he comes through for people. He restores the He restores right people's lives and Another thing that we understand about you know God's miracles and God's restorative work is that It's not second best because when you read the law at the Ending verse verse 10 you notice that the guests are saying that Everyone serves good wine in the beginning and they give out the bad wine towards the end, but they praise The hosts and say you have kept the good wine until now so the miracle The work of God supernatural work of God How how is it in comparison to the natural? It is better Okay, people are praising and saying how is it possible till the end you have good wine So that is the work of God in our lives. That is the miracle of God You know how in God's restoration, we always read the latter Shall be greater than the former the glory of the latter temple shall be greater than the former Temple so when God does a work of restoration in our lives We can be confident that he's going to do something better. He's going to do something greater He's going to do something Wonderful, so we learn all these things about God and we learn all these things about the Work of God through the miracle in Kenya. So here You know Jesus it says Manifested his glory and you know, we talked about that the glory of God the glory of the son of God How did it get manifested? It got manifested through a miracle So today when miracles happen, we say right that we want to see the glory of God We want to see the manifestation of God story. So do miracles manifest the glory of God? Yes Should we pray for miracles to happen? Yes So Jesus manifested his glory through the It says signs it signs and miracles supernatural works that he did and What else happened when the miracle took place? We see that the disciples believed in him So here's the thing that when the supernatural is demonstrated the genuine supernatural which glorifies God One is that you know God's glory is manifested second is it brings faith So people put their faith in God much more. So we must pray and ask God for more of the Manifestation of God's glory or more of science wonders miracles healings deliverance is it's a good thing And it causes the faith of people to rise because we understand What God can do? Okay, what this world cannot do, but what God can we can see that? Okay, then He went from there after this miracle and he continues on his work and continues on with his Life so the next incident we need is Passover now Passover is again one of the festival of the Jews when several Jews From around Jerusalem would also come to Jerusalem So, you know, they would come to the temple for worship They would come to the temple for celebration similar to Pentecostal So you had people coming in for the Passover also. So it's a busy time. It's a it's a crowded time in Jerusalem. So Jesus also goes Because what does it say about Jesus when he goes to Jerusalem? He's the son of God and We might think that he would not uphold the law but in his lifetime You see him keeping you know all those those Customs of worship Because he wanted to honor God and he wanted to worship God. So he went up to Jerusalem And when he went to the temple Something was going on there which he did not like. What is that? I told you it's a busy time. It's crowded So people had come in and along with them visiting the temple. They were also engaging in business No, giving taking buying things oxen she does now it could have been for for reasons of Worship it would have been for reasons of business, right? And also money changers Money changers why because people have come from other places. So they might have wanted to You know get the currency of Jerusalem So all this is going on but Jesus noticed that it was irreverent Or it was dishonoring God and and not suitable for worship so What what happened to Jesus?  He does Use right to to Let the people know that their hearts are not right with God and even in this situation You find Jesus getting really angry because God's house is being dishonored. So what was the reaction? To the business that is going on in the temple It says he made a whip of cards So, you know made a bit of cards it is said that you know, you have to braid it To make a bit. Okay. So and it takes time. So what Jesus? Did Jesus lose his temper like he couldn't control his anger. Was that the Commission, you know some People say that it wasn't like that. It was not a reaction But it was a response meaning he knew what he was doing. He did not just, you know Like lose the lid. It wasn't like that. But when he saw it there was a deep sense of anger and he wanted to respond to the To the dishonor that was taking place in the temple dishonor to whom dishonor to God because Temple is a place for worship. Temple is not a place for business so He went and he made the whip of cards and then with that whip of cards we read that he drove these these are you know these people out of the temple with their sheep and oxen and for The changers money and it says overturn the table. So he really used his anger To show the people that you cannot do this in God's house. So what does this teach us? It teaches us That the temple, you know when you when we study about God's house being the temple it's a place where God is worshipped God is exalted God fills the temple and we are there to honor him We are there to exalt him. We are there to walk in surrender before the Lord in worship That's how we come there, you know with Thanksgiving and praise enter his gates with the Thanksgiving His courts with praise. So that's the attitude of our hearts That is required to enter the temple but here Jesus understood what kind of an attitude these people carry and that attitude was not that of worship So what does he do?  He says Don't make my father's house a house of merchandise Zeal for your house has eaten me up Okay, so two things one is the temple is the father's house It's a house.  He's the head of the house, right? Jesus is the Conn is told All these things We can understand when you say that the temple is the house of father's house the second thing is Jesus had passion for the house of God zeal is what zeal is passion passion, you know Desire he was completely his heart was for the Father's house for the house of God for the temple, you know for the today we Know that the church is the Representative right on the earth of the kingdom of God. So we too must be cellist for the When I say church, you know, I'm not just referring to the local church But we know the spiritual dimension of the church, you know the kingdom of God the global body of Christ We must be zealous and if there is anything that takes place, you know Which will bring down the honor of God like Jesus we can I mean we should we should get that godly anger and see how how can we address this matter? You know, of course from it or in an honorable way, but you notice that Jesus was very zealous and how zealous was he? He's saying that zeal for your house has eaten me up or I'm consumed I'm so passionate about the house of God Okay, and this statement it's actually from the Old Testament from Psalm 69 and verse 9 and He kind of repeats it over here, but we understand the attitude that Jesus had for the house of God. So Today They're all, you know, we Bible college. We want to do ministry. We want to serve God When we serve God Let us do it passionately. Let it not be Okay history Jesus's attitude was not like that. It's a zeal for your house has eaten me up meaning Totally into it Okay, so that is The right way of serving God and having a heart for the church I'm having the heart for the kingdom of God. No nothing less than that even when Jesus talks about the first commandment. He says not the Lord you've got all your heart with all your You know mind all your strength. So everything that we have is supposed to be given to God So that's the manner in which we have to love God. We also have to love his house Okay, then moving forward. So that is the other incident that we see and we learn from that incident now the next Thing that happens is the Jews come to Jesus and they ask him The question what sign do you show to us since you do these things? Okay, what signs do you show to us since you do these things? So that the question is that Jesus is moving with authority in the temple. Okay? He got angry. He drove out the money changers. So the Jews are wondering who is this person who? Who is kind of you know like he's taking authority? in the temple and He is deciding what should happen what should not happen in the temple So seems like a man of authority or influence and that is why they go to him And they ask what sign do you show to us? to prove your authority to explain your authority and The Jews were people who always wanted a sign No, we read that right in the in the what I've got the Greeks wanted What wisdom is it the Greeks want wisdom, but the Jews are looking for signs. So they were people who? Ask God for supernatural things to take place or some kind of a sign to take place So Jesus tells them about something that is going to happen. He says destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it up and the Jews They are amazed like what is this man talking? It has taken 46 years to build this temple okay to erect it and then you know just Incrementally keep adding to the construction of the temple and that is a glorious temple. So when Jesus said destroy it Something that has taken 46 years to build You know if you have destroyed in only three days I'm going to raise it back now They did not understand, you know how the Bible says in the book of Corinthians Excuse me one. I think I need water. I just quickly drink some water. Sorry. Yeah, thank you Yeah, so he says Mmm Yeah, the the in court in the book of Corinthians. No, we we study how uh, only the spiritual The spiritual things can be understood by the You know somebody who's alive in the spirit So the natural mind cannot receive the things of the spirit So here when Jesus says You destroy the temple the people But thinking in their natural mind They did not understand. They thought it's not practical. Okay. What this man is talking But spiritually, you know spiritual things are discerned spiritually What is the spiritual truth that Jesus is trying to put forth to the people? He's talking about his own body Okay, so the people are not able to understand that He said the temple destroy this temple, you know later again, you you know, uh, Paul when Paul understood it Right only by the holy spirit. We can get revelation. We can't get it You know just by doing only mind level research. We can't get it Holy spirit will teach us deep the truth revelation, but of course it will be confined to the Uh, written word of God. Okay, like it will not or in other words when I say confined I just mean that it will not Contribute the written word of God So by the spirit we can understand so Paul later on also said this right that the body is the temple of the holy spirit So destroy this temple is destroy his body because Jesus already knew the purpose For which God had sent him which was to die for the redemption of mankind. So basically he was talking about his resurrection That on the third day He would rise again. Uh, and at that point the disciples also Did not understand uh, is what we we can Observe from from this passage because John writes his disciples remembered that He had said this to them and they believe the scripture and the word which Jesus had said so only when Jesus had died and risen The disciples also understand what Jesus was saying. So Here you have Jesus talking Uh In a spiritual way, okay, and the natural mind could not understand it So you you see Jesus is functioning from uh a spiritual place Where zeal for your house has has consumed me and then the next thing is you Destroy this temple. I will raise it up in three days. So he's coming from uh, you know the kingdom truth the kingdom uh reality revelation place and You know We will get used to this. This is how Jesus is talking. Okay. Let's move on now Okay, I will quickly come to the comments here And I can see a comment which prince has shared. Uh, he says The uh nowadays, uh, it's also happening that the church is becoming a marketplace Uh, yeah, I I I know where you're coming from prince. I know that uh, Sometimes unfortunately when we don't understand What the house of god is supposed to be? Uh, we can Get into this Okay, but it's very Sad and We have seen that it makes god angry. Jesus got angry Right when people came to the temple or the place of worship but for their own benefit business Give and take Okay, so yeah, it's it's sad, but that should not happen Yeah, any other thoughts or comments on this before I proceed Yeah, yes Yes Kiran Yeah, ma'am some some sometime a spiritual eyes is Seeing something different, but the natural mind is not recognized. I know. Yeah Yeah Yeah, true true kiran. Yeah So we have to go by the holy spirit Yeah, and also as you said, you know, um receive things from the spiritual mind Yeah So for a believer also, there are uh, I'll quickly touch on that. Okay in in the conquest of the mind We have studied about the carnal mind. So one can be a believer and be Because every believer has a spiritual mind But when we don't use that spiritual mind when we are not walking in righteousness We're not renewing our minds. What happens, you know, uh fleshly Motivation is is part of our thinking and that is called as a carnal mind So that's also very unfortunate a believer who's supposed to have a Pure spiritual mind is actually walking with a carnal mind Even that carnal mind cannot receive the things of God. Okay. So that's a little bit for us about Uh The right kind of response to the house of God now moving on Uh, we find that um Um When Jesus was in Jerusalem, uh, and you know, he was functioning with authority. Uh, he was Standing up for the right things Many believed in his name. Okay, uh, and also it says when they saw the signs So far we have only observed the, uh, Watering to wine miracle. No, uh, but seems like There were additional things that took place But what did the miracles do? Again, people believe so that's why we are saying today We must also desire more of God's supernatural power and when we grow right in our in our Demonstration of the kingdom of God and all what happens No, a lot of favor comes on our lives people start appreciating us Then what should be our response? You see Jesus He was so Uh, in tune with the heart of the father that he did not let these things Affect him too much. So it says so Jesus did not commit himself to them when people are praising us We want to completely lean on that because it feels good.  So many miracles are taking place. Oh god is blessing you Sounds so nice. Sometimes we just want to depend on it. We just want to lean on it because it feels good But Jesus was not like that when people started believing him Yet he did not commit himself to them Okay, because he knew all men at the end of the day. He realized that you know what What god says about me is more important Not just what man says and it says that you know, uh, he knew all men He knew the condition of their hearts So same thing, uh, you know, it is said that if you um, what? Okay, anyway, there's a there's a say but I don't know exactly, you know, the right Statement, okay, but it's something like if you live by oh, yeah, if you live by the phrases of men, uh, you will die by their insults or something like that because Uh, the words of people Are raising up our spirit We have given the words of people that much authority So if that is the case tomorrow if people to come and tell you or what brother you didn't today's message Was not at all anointed, you know, if we are depending on people's words that way heart will be broken What will I do now people don't like me anymore or for some reason There are lesser people in the church this week and you look at the numbers and you think what happened Why people are not coming or to happen heart will be broken because you're depending on the people And the words of the people the appreciation of the people Now if they Stop it or they give negative comments that will break us but we should not depend feedback is good Because if people if we don't receive a feedback, then we can't improve So feedback is good you take it but uh point is we should not depend so much that you know It affects us deeply that's the point. So Jesus was like that he was like, oh, okay, okay. Yeah, I was appreciating good Well, I'm good. That's it. I think more to that so, uh, Not depending too much on the, uh, thoughts of men Okay, and we'll go on to the next chapter here This is chapter three and here we observe, uh Pharisee a Pharisee is a religious person So a religious person his name is nicodemus and it says he's a ruler of the juice So he's not an ordinary man. He is an influencer He comes to Jesus by night Okay, so why did he come by night? see already You can notice that Jesus is gaining popularity and people are putting their trust in Jesus So nicodemus would have heard Huh, there's a man. He's doing miracles. He has great authority uh, you know all that he's he has heard all this and He has developed respect for this Jesus, but at the same time knowing the Jews He knew that there are people who don't support Jesus also So for him, it's like he wants to come close to Jesus But at the same time he wants to preserve his reputation So in the night, he goes to Jesus. He doesn't want anybody to know that he went so quietly That's the implication he goes to Jesus And he said, uh, Rabbi, well, we know that you are a teacher come from God For no one can do these things No one can do these signs that you do unless God is with him. So he's affirming and he's saying I'm clear That you are not ordinary definitely God is the one who has sent you and God is the one who is anointing you Then Jesus said to him Most assuredly I say to you unless one is born again. He cannot see the kingdom of God. So his conversation Okay, very interesting Nicodemus is saying something else Jesus is saying something else Okay You're like, what is this? What was Jesus thinking? You see Nicodemus came Maybe he wanted to clarify his theological questions Because he's a Pharisee himself and he's influential. He's a ruler So He would have had some doubts Okay But Jesus goes to the core of his doubt And he realizes, you know what Nicodemus? Whatever question you ask me The answer that you need is that I'm the Messiah Okay, so Jesus goes straight to that point Before addressing you know different other things that nicodemus may have brought up Jesus said, hello nicodemus. I know your need You need to know the savior. Okay. Come on. Let me tell you the final answer Unless one is born again. He cannot see the kingdom of God period Okay, so it also shows us you see when people ask questions Jesus is Moving with that spirit of discernment He's understanding the need of the person not just the question much deeper than the question What is there in his heart? Why he's asking this question? Ah, okay. He he And I mean he didn't even ask a question actually. He just said oh Jesus, you know, we know you are great all that but The discerning spirit Right by the Holy Spirit. He knows okay This man needs a savior. Let me go straight to the point and he says, you know You unless you're born again nicodemus. You cannot see the kingdom of God so born again That means to be born from above Okay So Jesus was referring to the new birth that somebody who believes in God can perceive and he introduces nicodemus to this now nicodemus you already said he He must have been intellectual. Otherwise, why would he come to Jesus? Unless he had something to clarify So the moment Jesus says He must be born again He has questions What is his born again? What is this kingdom of God? I want to know so he asks his doubt. He says Okay, you're saying born again. Everybody is born only once How can a man be born when he's old? Legitimate question right very practical Because he's applying it to himself. Okay now. I'm already grown and Jesus is saying if I need to enter the kingdom of God I need to be born again How to do this? Is it like can can somebody enter his mother's womb and be born again for the second time? So, you know, sometimes our thinking is very limited again if we go back to what we said in the earlier chapter, it's a spiritual You know mind which can receive spiritual things How is Nicodemus trying to process natural mind natural mind is limited.  How can you destroy the temple? You should be born again How can a man who's old be born again? So you see spiritual truth Has to be received with the spiritual mind. We then we will understand.  But Jesus says, okay, come on. Let me explain to you I say to you unless one is born again of water and spirit He cannot enter the kingdom of God That which is born of the flesh is flesh and that which is born of the spirit is spirit Do not marvel that I said this to you You must be born again The wind blows where it wishes and you hear the sound of it But cannot tell where it comes from and where it goes. So is everyone who's born of the spirit So but Jesus explains himself further, okay, and uh First don't tell him what he really means. He says look born again does not mean physical but okay, but Born of the water and the spirit. So he brings in The holy spirit here and reveals him As the one who will do this Work in us Okay, and he says water now some people The interpretation of that water is People have said it is baptism Unless somebody is baptized in water And accepts Christ you cannot enter the kingdom of God But then you know when you look at the work of the holy spirit in Like at chapter 10, we will see that As soon as as soon as the the family of Cornelius hears the good news they accept Christ Okay, and the immediate thing that happens is they are baptized in the holy spirit. So What does that tell us? Obviously they are born again without being born again How can you receive the holy spirit? The holy spirit is only for those who are born again, isn't it? So somebody who's born again They were not baptized in water yet. So What is the show like even if someone's not baptized in water What the baptism does not it's not a requirement For the new life in Christ. Yes once somebody has received Christ No, we see Jesus Jesus was baptized in water than the apostles they were You know baptizing people in water when they believe, okay, now you have believed now you come and be baptized So believing is what makes you born again not the baptism in water So does the water here mean water baptism answer is no, it does not mean water baptism now There are you know other interpretations to that water is also a symbol of the word of God So you know it is said you must be born of the word and you must be born of the spirit Water is also a symbol of the spirit again, right? So You know that's again a thought they're saying okay, it could mean The the flow of the spirit and all and there are others who say that Water means natural birth because generally when natural birth happens the Child in the womb is covered in Water right the birth waters so that breaks and then the child is born. So one interpretation is that this is one must first of all be born naturally and then a second birth or born again Is referring to the spiritual birth so without the spiritual birth one cannot enter the kingdom of God Okay, now So he's making it clear what what uh born again really means it's a spiritual thing. It's a spiritual So How does this spiritual birth happen? It happens by the spirit So Jesus is clarifying and you say don't look at it like a natural birth flesh from flesh you get only flesh But from the spirit you get spirit. So born again has to do with being born of the spirit Okay, uh, and then he again addresses The work of the spirit, you know the the spirit is referred to uh ruah or breath right In uh, I think it's the Hebrew Hebrew language ruah. So, uh He he says like the wind blows or the spirit it's like uh breath of wind The spirit works And we can't see the work of the spirit Just like the wind but we can see the effects of the wind and in the same way And the spirit is working making someone born again We will be able to see that in their life and we will not be able to see the uh activity You know or or you know, how are they getting born again by the spirit? We can't understand all the spiritual things but from the life We will be able to understand. So that that is the thing. So being born again is a work of the spirit Being born again is being born from above being born again is a work of the spirit And only by the Holy Spirit one can be born again. So that's what Jesus is sharing And is inviting uh nicotomous to accept this too. So we will see nicotomous response soon. Uh, let's go for a break I think the time is up now. We will take a break and we will come back soon. Okay. Yeah, thank you


Yes, my name is Dan. I'm from Ukraine, but I've been teaching and living abroad for a while now. I'm in China, Shenzhen. I'm teaching English to little kids, and I just recently completed ITTT 120-hour online course. So it gave me a lot of insights and I've gained great knowledge concerning teaching English. I've also been given a lot of materials that I can right now use in the class as well as lesson plans and everything you need. So if you hesitate whether to take the course or not, whether you can go abroad or step up for this journey of your lifetime, you should make a decision and make your first steps and then just go ahead and take it. I think you won't regret it. So please sign up and wish you all the best. Bye!


One thing that was really helpful for me was to meet with like-minded individuals. And I took the seminar here at Western and having a support group of people who were also doing it was really pretty huge. So if you have somebody who is supportive of it in your area or your school, it's really great to connect with them. The second thing I would probably say is I would look at your course and look at the places where you feel like you're wasting time. So any time you're spending that you wish you didn't have to spend it, then ask yourself if blended learning can help you save time in any of those areas. You know, this can be things like just collecting papers or for me grading was a big one. And also being able to have more lecture time with students was also a huge one. And I would focus on the biggest time selects first. Because if you can save time using blended learning doing that, you kind of create this time snowball where you're not spending time doing that anymore. You know, you can cut the amount of time you spend grading down, then you have more time to create content. And if you spend more time doing that, then you have even more time in class. So it kind of creates this virtual, you know, time snowball that gets bigger and bigger. You know, let me go from that 30 hours a week down to eight in the subsequent quarters. So look for your biggest time selects and apply blended learning to those. You know, as the quarter goes along, you can feel those rough spots where students are confused and know that those need to be better. So I have a big list of things to do. And at the end of the quarter, I ask the students what the most useful thing is. You know, we believe pretty strongly in measuring the course from quarter to quarter. We have a survey that we do. And then since we have all this time, we actually have a one-on-one conversation as a course.  Where should I spend my time?


What's up guys and welcome to Trendy Updates up at SPM Buzz. Now onto the trending list today is Branshira, who is a famous tick tocker. He has been trending for so many reasons the past couple of days, lakini kunao atuengi sana wa yui Branshira ni nani, tutapuachu nangalia. Who is he? Now Branshira is a Kenyan content creator, actor, tick tocker and entertainer known for his videos on a tick tock. Now, real name iakini brand wambui Shira, he has accumulated at least 50k followers on tick tock within a short period of time. He comes from Gizumburi, Kiyambu County, but he is currently a student at Kabarak University. Now Branshira grew up with his grandmother and he was actually a best actor in 2017 during the Kenyan national drama festivals. In case you didn't know how Branshira became famous, it was when he appeared on national television as a witness. He had witnessed an accident and was being interviewed. You know, in the interview, Branshira spoke eloquently and how he introduced himself is what made him famous and this is when people also discovered his English accent. And now after that video that is when Branshira started focusing on building his digital presence and this is when he started creating content on tick tock. Branshira also confessed to being HIV positive a while back in an interview and he revealed that he was sexually assaulted by a man despite blacking out from too much drinking. You know, explained that the physician did not give him the right directive on how to take the PrEP medication. In case you didn't know what a PrEP is, it is a medicine that is given to a person who may have been exposed to HIV following unprotected sex in order to avoid infection with the virus. Now, Branshira explained that he moved, he went to Mombasa assuming that he was going to have a good time and that is when he contracted HIV. Anasema ni kamafizu uledak tarindo alim kusia because he was not given the right directives on how to take the medication. Now, of course, he assumed he was fine after finishing the 30 day prescription with the belief that he finished regardless of missing certain days. Kwaiva kuna siku mbazo alieza kupusia na kwa ndomaana the PrEP medication did not work. He has been very open about his HIV status na ndomaana nneza kwa inspire and encourage kwaipu pwale kwam tandao just to show them that you can live and survive despite having HIV. Something else that has, of course, to mix reactions on social media is Branshira's sexuality because some people have been saying that he is gay but in an interview that a brand did with Mpacho last week he confirmed or rather just said that he is very straight. Now, in the recent happenings that have made Branshira trend is he made incredibly offensive remarks against Asia in a video that was posted on social media and other than that, he proceeded to post Asia's number on social media and that is why Branshira was arrested for making defamatory accusations against a tiktok queen and radio host Aziadna Senya Now, Branshira has been held in the cell Now, Branshira was arranged in court today where he has been released on a 50k cash bail or 100k bond and speaking to the media is a Aziad lawyer said that if he share our issues on apology Aziad is ready to take off the apology and accept it Of course, go back to court and withdraw the case and that is what the lawyer has said Now, of course, we are waiting to see if Branshira is really going to apologize or not or they are still going to continue with the case Now, in case you didn't know who Branshira is that is Brian Fuljou Keep your SPM bars and this is Trendy Updates


Hi, I'm Melanie Isaacs and I'm on the Akara team reviewing the Australian Curriculum Science. The overall aim of the review is to improve the Australian curriculum from Foundation to Year 10 by refining, realigning and decluttering the content of the curriculum. In particular, we're working to refine and reduce the amount of content and duplication where we can. We're also focused on improving the quality of the content descriptions and achievement standards. We want the Australian curriculum science to be clear about what is most important for students to learn and therefore what teachers have to teach. With science, we looked at the latest research, key reports and international curriculum developments and talked to key academics and our professional association. We reviewed how other countries and education systems approach key ideas and core concepts with particular attention to the American next generation science standards. We investigated the latest national and international research and the frameworks for international assessments such as PISA and TIMMS. We sought feedback from the Australian Academy of Science, the CSIRO, representatives of the Australasian Science Education Research Association and the Australian Science Teachers Association. We also heard from teachers who shared their experience about implementing the Australian curriculum. We've established two new science reference groups, one comprising teachers and the other made up of curriculum officers from across Australia. These reference groups have helped guide and inform the review. We also had a separate reference group with primary school expertise. They have been able to give feedback on the manageability of the curriculum, looking across all the learning areas as specific year levels or bans. Drawing on the background research and working with the reference groups, we identified some key areas where the science curriculum could be improved, providing greater clarity about what students should learn, improving connections between the three strands, refining the conceptual progression within each substrand of science understanding, strengthening the role of modelling and argumentation in science inquiry and providing clearer progressions between the bans and strengthening the connection to the sustainability and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures cross-curriculum priorities. And so, we propose the following revisions to the science curriculum. More explicit content descriptions in science understanding and science as a human endeavour focused on investigation of concepts. While the new content descriptions look longer, this added detail serves to clarify expected depth and breadth. The science understanding content sequence has been revised, particularly in the Biological Sciences and Earth and Space Sciences substrands, and we've refined and consolidated content across F2-6 to provide more opportunities to teach for greater depth and rigor. In science as a human endeavour, we've revised the nature of science substrand to align student experiences of science with the actual work of scientists. We've renamed and refocused the science inquiry strand, and there is a clear alignment to mathematics and technologies. In this strand, we've included an explicit acknowledgement of the need for intercultural science inquiry practices, such as seeking permission to enter country or place when conducting fieldwork. There are also more detailed elaborations and new inquiry questions developed with the aim of describing optional ways of approaching the content and making connections within science as well as across the curriculum. We have created a What's Changed and Why document. This document gives you more detail about all the revisions we have proposed for the science curriculum. Take the time to have a look at this document. So now, we're looking to hear from you. This is a simple three-step process. Read the consultation curriculum, familiarise yourself with the survey, and finally, complete the survey. It's really important we hear your views. We want to hear all your feedback, positive and negative. Your responses will help shape an Australian curriculum for the next generation of children. To give your feedback, simply complete the survey. Thank you.


kama namawezi, namawezi, kamawezi media Welcome to this breakfast briefing What I'm going to do is very brief in just taking you around what is going to be happening this is going to happen for a week starting today until the 12, which is Jamuhuride we have three things we are doing Kenya turns 60 during this Jamuhuride celebration We are going to celebrate everything youth, everything creative economy and everything about sports in fact we are going to be asking you to look for your favorite sports if you support Gormaya, you support AFC We hope that next time we are calling you for a meeting PSS will not come in suits after today we will be hoping you're coming in dressed for sports dressed as young people and for the rest of this week we are going to be asking for you to come in for us to interact and engage however that's I'll just walk you through what's going to be happening in Nairobi for the next one week I will start with I'll just go to the next slide I'll start with what is going to be happening at KACC that's how basically we have taken over the whole of KACC from yesterday until the 11th of December so each part of KACC there will be an activity that fits you there will be innovation there will be jobs for the youth here we as partner with that and 70 other people to actually do actual jobs you can walk into KACC apply for jobs and actually get actual jobs we will we will also have several people launching we have TikTok launching something about youth and SMEs and we have several other organizations come into KACC and taking over that space next slide that's we on this slide the most important thing is the Haasla Bazaar the Haasla Bazaar is an innovation of the Ministry of Youth Creative Economy and Sports there we are picking innovative ideas both internationally and locally for people to be able to sell the judiciary has been kind enough to give us their parking grounds and you're going to set up a proper bazaar there will be sales by young people who are in business who are in innovation and that is why you're going to have the whole thing going on including international delegates who are selling to sell next let's just go to next that's how we are going to look like next we are going to have several stages the first stage you have looked at is where we are going to have our main discussions what you are looking at is that we are also going to have an extravaganza we are going to it is going to be a week of party including Jamuuri day itself I'm sure we have normally we go to Jamuuri day what's the military then listen to speeches this time round you're coming to Uruguadans for Jamuuri day prepare to dance so if you come in uncomfortable shoes just be sure we are going you're going to live there without them next we are also going to have an African comedy night we've invited over 10 comedians from Africa who are going to have an African comedy night and by your presence here you automatically qualify for a ticket to attend this premier event that will also be aired on DSTV across Africa those are some of the people who will be entertaining us we have entertainers from across Africa that's the look and feel at KCC we will choose where you want to be depending on what you want to achieve there are people who want to just chill and network there are people who want to play some games there are people who just want to share African cuisines there will be a setup for everything that goes with that next there will be enough places the CEO has taken you through a selfie we will have 360 photos when you get in there will be places to sign in and tell you here there will be enough places to have fun it is both learning from each other's experiences and having fun we will exhibit Nairobi culture so we are partnering with Matatu owners association they are owners of Matatu's upbringing in Matatu's and they are celebrating the graffiti culture we are going to disrupt when you meet these guys around KCC they are going to be our different kind of ashes and that's how KCC will look like thank you very much I will ask the UN resident boss Anthony to address and then maybe invite the PS we will then invite the chief guest thank you very much everything will happen at KCC what we will do is rotate the stages and the setup we have about 8 stage setups at KCC so we will be moving people to different places that's one thing I have not mentioned that you have raised there will be dinner in the bush so we will also be inviting you to have dinner with the youth we have 22,000 delegates coming to Nairobi so it's an opportunity to actually interact with youth thank you very much


Are you ready? Are you sure? Let's do it. Think and Zoom Brain Control Solutions aims to serve two purposes, enhance the disabled with more productivity and functionality while at the same time giving superpowers to boost entertainment for the able. We have a few applications. One is the Canty Bird, which is running on iOS and a winner of Apple WWDC Award and all you have to do is via this sensor here, EEG Brainwave Reader, simply think to free the bird and we have another application, the Think and Zoom where with the same methodology, you can literally look, think and zoom in to see better.


Cardinality allows us to give a more formal definition for the whole numbers. We'd like to say that one is the cardinality of the set with one element. But we can't. How do we know that the set has one element? We can't define a concept in terms of that same concept. It's like saying blue is the color of blue objects. So, for now we will at least define the whole numbers. The whole numbers are the cardinalities of finite sets. And you might wonder why we specify the sets have to be finite, and we'll get to that. Now, one of the other ideas we have is we could compare whole numbers. We should be able to compare cardinalities. So, suppose A and B are finite sets. We say the cardinality of A is less than the cardinality of B if there is a one-to-one correspondence between A and a proper subset of B. For example, let's find the relationship of the cardinalities of these two sets. So, earlier when we tried to make a one-to-one correspondence, we found the correspondence. And we couldn't do anything with this at the time. But now we can. Since there is a one-to-one correspondence between C and a proper subset, namely this one, of D, then we know the cardinality of C is less than the cardinality of D. And this actually allows us to define numbers. Since the cardinality of A is equal to the cardinality of B whenever there is a one-to-one correspondence between two sets, we could define the whole numbers as follows. One is the cardinality of this set. Two is the cardinality of this set. Three is the cardinality of this set. And we'll stop there. Again, we could define the whole numbers as follows, but there's a reason we don't do this. But we'll get there. So let's prove that this set has cardinality two. Sure, that's easy. Since it has two elements, it has cardinality two. Well, remember, if you're not using a definition, you're probably not doing a proof. And notice that here we have nowhere mentioned what the definition of cardinality is. Let's try that again. Two sets have the same cardinality if there is a one-to-one correspondence between them. That's our definition of cardinality. Now, we did have this definition that two is the cardinality of this set. And so we can look for a one-to-one correspondence between this set and this set. And that's easy enough to find. So there is a one-to-one correspondence between C and the set AB. And since the cardinality of AB is two, then the cardinality of C is equal to two as well. Let's try to prove that one is less than two. And again, we think, sure, that's easy. Since one is smaller than two, then one is less than two. But again, if you're not using a definition, you're probably not doing a proof. So for less than, we had to show that there's a one-to-one correspondence between A and a proper subset of B. And since we want to show that one is less than two, we want to show there's a one-to-one correspondence between the set with cardinality one and a proper subset of the set with cardinality two. So we construct a one-to-one correspondence. And since there is a one-to-one correspondence between the set with cardinality one and a proper subset of the set with cardinality two, then the cardinalities have the less than relationship, which gives us one is less than two. And this finally allows us to properly define the whole numbers. So while we could define the whole numbers by listing specific sets with given cardinalities, that requires us to list a specific set for every cardinality. Instead, we'll begin as follows. Zero is the cardinality of the empty set, so we do have one specific set that has a definite cardinality, but then we'll define the whole numbers as follows. One is the cardinality of any set whose only proper subset is the empty set. And now that we've defined cardinality zero and one, we can define cardinality two as the cardinality of any set whose proper subsets have cardinalities one or zero. And by referring to the previously defined cardinalities, we can continue. Three is the cardinality of any set whose proper subsets have cardinalities two, one or zero, and so on. So earlier we identified that this set has cardinality one. Let's actually prove it using our new definitions. So remember one is the cardinality of any set whose only proper subset is the empty set. So the proper subsets of this are those that contain the elements from the set that are not the entire set. Well, the only set that we can produce that contains elements from this set that doesn't include everything in the set is, but this is the empty set. And so the only proper subset of this is the empty set, and so this set has cardinality one. Again, we claim that this set has cardinality two. Well, let's check it out. The proper subsets are the set containing just A, which we already showed has cardinality one. The set containing just B, which has cardinality one. You should probably prove that. The set that contains nothing, which has cardinality zero. And so the proper subsets of this have cardinality zero or one. And so this set has cardinality two.


RIS has been named the 2023 word of the year by Oxford University Press. RIS is a colloquial noun defined as style, charm, or attractiveness, the ability to attract a romantic or partner. Oxford University Press analyzed over 30,000 words and refined the shortlist to eight words, all chosen to reflect the mood, ethos, or preoccupations of the past year. Language experts chose RIS as an interesting example of how language can be formed shaped and shared within communities before being picked up more widely in society.


So thanks a lot and welcome to the workshop. So I'm happy to introduce Professor P.R. Narayan to you. He's an associate professor of Chemical Engineering Department, School of Chemical and Biotechnology of Sastra Deemtobi University. And sir, over to you. We can begin the session now. Good morning and I'm happy to meet so many students, so many interested participants for a three day workshop and open form. I also thank the opportunity of FOSI.  I had first started using Sylab when I joined Sastra. And ever since from there, I think there's no turning back. So from Sylab, it went to DWCIM, then OpenModelica, and then OpenForm. So it's almost like my journey at Sastra has been continuously along with also FOSI team. And I'm also happy that many of my students have got eventually benefited in their career because of learning this open source tool. So this why I'm telling is not just for gratitude, but all the participants where there are like about 138 now. If you have any doubt that whether this free and open source tool will build your career, you can take it for granted. Yes, it does build. If you put in the right efforts, if you sustain your efforts, if you really learn well, and if you can demonstrate your learning, certainly it helps in a career. I can give specific examples where somebody have learned the free and open source tool, got admission for their masters or in their PhD, they were specifically asked whether you know this tool. And given evidence, and they have given an evidence of textbook companion project. So I'm not sure whether those were stored, but I think maybe in the validation session, I think you can get it clarified from the FOSI team on the textbook companion. Payal, was that told in the first session? Yeah, I mean, they have got a general introduction of what we do, but to today after the session ends, I mean, after all the talk ends, I'll go into the details of participation and how can they participate in our project and how can they get involved in it? There are also specific examples where I can say, with respect to open form, where one of my students was asked, show how you know open form, and by knowing open form, he got a very good opportunity in terms of his PhD. And not only this is in research and PhD, there are also cases where people have got industrial jobs because they know, let's say, open modelica. So take it for granted, knowing free and open source, becoming yourself expertise in a free and open source is certainly going to make a way for a very good career. Now, with this gratitude note to the entire FOSI team, I wish to begin this lecture. We will make this a more interactive one. Now, I hope you have seen the link that I have put in the chat window. If you have not joined, you can clearly join the 20 meter, and in your screen, you must be seeing now a thumbs up icon and which you have to click. Now, if we can see now, there are about 58 people who have clicked it. So we have about 145 people in the Zoom, but I think about 64, 68. Now you can see in the lower bottom of the screen, which I'm sharing in the Zoom, you can see the count. So I'll just wait till this number reach something around about 100 so that we can carry on. So those who are on mobile, you can prefer to use the app, which might be very easier to use. And if you're joining the Zoom on a laptop, then I think just on another browser tab, you can open it. Okay, so we will just go to the next slide in this. Now, you will see a question, I have just asked, what is your affiliation? I just want you to pick a choice based on your affiliation, whether you are a current undergraduate student or a post graduate, or if you're industry or any other entrepreneur. So that's the last option. So this is just fairly to know the audience to whom I should talk. So I should be knowing a fair knowledge of the community in which I'm going to address. So we have about more post graduate participants, so that's nice. So eventually that means that this session is going to be more of a very comfortable for me. Yeah, no option for research scholar, probably you can put industry and others. So sorry, I didn't think that there was also a research scholar. So maybe you can put on industry and others. Sorry, I think that is from one Mr. Bharuti Prasanna. Industry and others, I'll just take it as also as industry and research scholars, whoever is not there in the other options. So fairly there are also second year students who have shown interest. Like we have about 13 second year students and about 11 third year students and quite a number of post graduate students. So that's fairly nice. That makes also the session going to be more lighter for me. Okay, so we will go. So now you've got an idea of how to operate on the Mentimeter, right? And you understood what is the Mentimeter. Your name was never captured, right? So when you responded, your name was never captured in the Mentimeter. That means eventually I do not know who is putting it. So it's only you will know what choice you have put. So in a way, so I hope this will break your stigma of asking questions. You don't need to worry what questions you are asking or what options you are choosing. As long as you choose it appropriately to your conscience, it's fine. So there are still about 156 participants, but I think we have got only 87. So I'm not sure there is any issue for the other participants. Nevertheless, I'm just again posting the message in the Zoom. This is for our other participants who are ready to join. So I have posted the message in the Zoom chat window. You will see a link or you can go to menti.com and use that numeric code which you see on the screen, 8907-8131. There is a question that might appear. It will ask your affiliation. I agree the research scholar option I missed in the choices. So if you are a research scholar, you can probably put in industry and others. So of the 160 participants in the Zoom, so we have got about now 107, so that's nice. So I'm proceeding further, assuming that we have majority of them as research scholars and post-graduates, but nevertheless, a bunch of students are also there from second years. So that means the tone of the talk, the talk, I have to keep it at the post-graduate level. I will still be very mindful of the undergraduate population that is there in the talk and pace the talk appropriately. So the next question is just, I just want to know which field you are from. Now I have listed four, but you could be from other field also. So if you are from other field, you can just put there. Now when I say chemical engineering, it is all chemical technology related to chemical engineering. Similarly, mechanical is mechatronics, mechanical engineering, metallurgy production, all related field could be in mechanical itself. So these are like broad domains and not necessarily your degree. So it could be mechanical production, manufacturing, metallurgy, all I have clapped in one. Chemical engineering, chemical technology, petroleum, petrochemical, all clapped in chemical. Then you had civil, others is other branches. So predominantly we have, then that means it is very clear we have people from mechanical. So that's nice. So fairly now I have understood the audience to whom I'm talking to. Okay. Now you will now see a question where you have to enter a phrase or a sentence, right? Now I will hide the results from the Zoom. So first let you enter because I don't want you to read somebody's text and then enter. You can enter what is something that you think you have learned in the, like say you're confident. You can enter multiple times also. Multiple entries are allowed in this option. So you can do enter multiple times. I'll wait for a minute. I think they can unmute and respond, right? Professor Narin? No, they are actually texting it. I have actually written it. So I don't know. Actually, yeah, that's why one person was asking how should I respond? Oh, okay. So you should click on that link and in the link they should respond. If you see in the Zoom meet, you will see there are 64 people who have responded. So let me just unhide the results. Now you can see what people have texted. So Blender they have learned, right? Was Blender not? Yes, yesterday we had a session on GUI for open form block. Okay. So our team member as the other took the session. That's why they know this. Good. Laminar and turbulent flow, equation, discretization, fantastic, different types of meshing, running an open form. So that's good, right? So this is just for me to warm up so that you're interacting and you're not only looking at the screen, right? So nice. So the next is something little, you need to think and put what is your proficiency in these things? So on the right hand side is, I mean, one choice is that you know it very well, right? Let me just hide the results, okay? Let us have people and then we can put. So 13 people have entered actually now. Okay, there are about 90 people. So now you can see the, what is the average the people have responded, okay? So I should appreciate fairly everybody have learned and because we have a very good post-graduate population and I think all these are then eventually easy. And it's very surprising for me to know that, you know, more of the derivation of the Navier-Stokes than of the energy balance equation. At any given day, I would probably say that I know energy balance equation derivation very well than an Navier-Stokes. So this means really the credit goes to the session handled by the Navier-Stokes equation in this open form, which means you have learned, right? So that is actually one success I should attribute to the FOSSE team because that clearly reflects the people know now continuity and Navier-Stokes equation much better than the scalar equation which is an energy balance equation. That's nice. And I'm happy to see that most of you know what is the Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches also. So that's nice. Okay. So the next is something that, sorry, just it's not the POSSE, yeah. What should I talk in this session? Remember this session is on heat transfer. So this session is on heat transfer. So if you are asked to suggest a topic to me in heat transfer what you would like to suggest in heat transfer. So let us restrict to at least the domain of heat transfer within heat transfer what you think I should be talking about for the next half an hour or so. I'm just showing the results, convection, customization, convection, how to incorporate heat transfer, smooth horizontal pipe discretization of heat transfer, equation of lump heat transfer, convective, good energy equation, LMTD heat exchangers, good. So fairly many people have written something which I should say that I had thought of before coming to this talk. So that's nice. With this we'll go ahead. We are almost close to 1030. So I think we should start now a good business. So this is pass to open form. What I mean by pass to open form means now I will change the screen and I'll come back. I'll stop sharing the screen and I will share the screen which I'm going to use now. Now what we will do is as people are interred we will see about the equations pertaining to heat transfer. Rather I should say that we will see the equation pertaining to energy, energy balance in CFD. Okay, how is energy balance is being done in CFD? So with this let us go. Now what we know as of now in CFD is CFD is all about solving flow. Primarily it only solves flow. But we don't have only flow, along with flow we need to solve for energy. So this flow is nothing but momentum. Now why we solve this momentum equation because we want to get the velocity pattern. We want to get the velocity pattern. If you ask the question why we need to get the velocity pattern because this velocity pattern affects the performance. Performance typically that means we will say as engineering characteristics. Engineering characteristics of that particular equipment. Now the equipment that we are talking of could be a heat exchanger. Let's say if it is a heat transfer it could be an evaporator. It could be a reactor. It could be a turbine, right? So this is heat transfer of an equipment. Equipment that is used in a process. It's not only this velocity pattern. This velocity pattern also has an effect. It also has an effect or rather this energy will also have the temperature distribution also has an effect on this velocity pattern. And that is why it is not about only solving flow it is also about solving energy. The other equation which we solve in CFP is the species which we actually call as mass balance. Now this is different from the continuity equation. The continuity equation is something that we call as overall mass balance, right? All of these and there is no choice over and above this continuity equation has to be solved. So there is no choice in this. This is must, this is must. These two are optional. These two are optional. It is not in all the CFP problems you will solve energy and species. Now here you might have a doubt. If you take a typical textbook problem on heat transfer let's take a typical textbook problem on heat transfer which will be like a slab. This would be a slab, the slab. So that means this is a solid slab. This is a solid slab. And they will typically tell that this end is kept at a cold point. So the cold point would be 30 degrees because 30 degrees is cold with respect to another surface. And this could be at like say 80 degrees. Now what is the temperature distribution in this solid slab? Now, can we solve this? Can we solve this in CFP if you ask this question? Can you solve this in a CFP tool? Can I solve in CFP tool? The answer is S. It is not whether you can solve or not in CFP tool but if I reverse the question slightly is it something necessarily a problem of CFP? No, if I ask something like that then it is not. It is solvable in a CFP tool. Why it is solvable in a CFP tool? Because already we have seen that energy equation is there in the tool so you can solve. But if I ask the question just because it is there in the tool is will this become a CFP problem? No, typically CFP problem means it should solve the flow it should have the velocity pattern captured over and beyond capturing the velocity pattern if it also captures the temperature pattern and the species pattern that is an added goal in the problem statement. Pure conduction. This is pure conduction. Or rather in CFD terminology this is called as pure diffusion. Pure diffusion problem. You necessarily don't require CFD as a tool because these have clear analytical solutions or they can be easily solved by a mathematical tool as well. I mean by writing boards also. So before even going to CFD if I ask me what context I'm now going to look when I say I'm solving heat transfer is I have a flow there is certainly a flow. Along with flow there should be now energy. So this is the context I'm looking into. This is the context I'm looking into. So somebody has asked engineering KTCS what is the shortcut you have used? Characteristics. Okay, so that is not characteristics. I think it is characteristics you are talking. Okay, now what I mean by I'll just answer the question and then we will proceed. What I meant is engineering characteristics which means let's say for example your heat transfer coefficient. This is one characteristics. This is like a global characteristics which you require because this will affect the heat transfer area and this heat transfer area is what you are expected to design. When you say you design an equipment you are actually arriving at the value of a heat transfer area. It is not directly that area that is important. Through this area you are actually going to get the dimension it could be length, breadth, height, diameter or anything else configuration and whatever it is. All these dimensions particularly is important depending on which kind of equipment you have. It is a shell and tube tray or something else. So this is one engineering parameter or an engineering I would say parameter and this parameter eventually is governed by how you solve and this is what is important in design and that is linked to also the velocity pattern. Now, because it is heat transfer I'm talking about heat transfer characteristics but it is not only heat transfer like say for example if you might have seen terms something like conversion, yield, efficiency. Now, efficiency could be energy efficiency. All these are parameters which are required which are required to be not designed. I mean you need a certain value for a certain application or you might be looking for a certain range of values as part of your process. Now, how will you arrive at these values? There are design procedures. Now, if you ask to actually calculate the heat transfer coefficient are you doing CFP? If you ask the question it is no, right? So that means for example, I think many of you would know how to calculate shell and tube heat exchanger, right? Where the heat transfer rate is given as overall heat transfer coefficient times area times temperature gradient. And this is linked to the diameter, the length and the number of tubes and so on which is a configuration of the heat transfer equipment in this case, shell and tube. Are you by doing CFP and arriving this? If you ask this question, no, that's a simple no, right? We don't use CFP to arrive at this but now the question is not that. One assumption that we make in shell and tube like say for example, if these are two tubes, I'm just taking two tubes in a shell, right? I'm taking only two tubes in a shell, right? I'm not at all drawing the other parts. I'm just making it a very gross diagram. Now, you are assuming the fluid equally splits in both and then comes out equally from both. Is this assumption valid? If you ask now this question, is this assumption valid? You are assuming the temperature drop in both the tubes are same. Let's say for example, if you send it at like say 30 degree and you are heating it something, if this comes to 80 degree Celsius, you are assuming this 30 degree also will come to 80 degree Celsius. This is what you do when you are doing the conventional heat transfer calculation. But is this assumption valid, right? I'm not questioning the method, but can you assume this if I take number of tubes to be 40, if I like say I have 150 tubes so on and so forth. Will you still think that this is going to same? Probably now you will start thinking no, there might be some variation. I'll just think if there is some variation will not the tubes now bend differently because there is a thermal stress with respect to the tubes and the tubes will bend. What if the first tubes bend like this, right? And the second tube bend like this, right? Then your heat exchanger will break. Is it clear? So that means you need to assess you have calculated still the heat transfer area but the performance of that equipment needs to be not only judged by that parameter, it is also judged by whether all the tubes in the heat transfer equipment are working perfectly. Now this is assessed by trial and error also or by periodic check also. So before CFD, if you ask me like say some hundred years before how people were doing people were actually checking people who used to check for every week there are systems where people used to check for every month and every month they have to change the heat transfer tubes due to corrosion, bending and whatever it is. Now we have techniques, now we know to up really assess. Right? Now that is facilitated by actually solving and then seeing whether the temperature distribution is same. So I hope I have made some impact I mean some clarification on why is this engineering characteristics is all important. Now let me go to the rigorous equation. Now all the transport equation what we call as transport equation in CFD it is a transport of a quantity. Let us assume that it is transport of a quantity. The quantity can be either mass or momentum or energy and we follow phenomenological model but that means we will conserve we will conserve this quantity. We have to preserve this quantity. This quantity cannot be lost, right? That is the very fundamental. So what is the equation that we have whether it is mass or energy we can say is whatever is going in, in a control volume so I am taking a control volume so I am not going to talk on why control volume approach or what is a control mass approach or something I am directly assuming that there is a fair understanding now among all the participants who are here on a control volume and remember this control volume it could be a tank and this control volume could be a very, very small fictitious which is here. So if you integrate the control volume you will get this tank. Okay we are writing on a fictitious very, very small volume on an equipment. This control volume can be as part of a tube also. So this means on a pipe flow this small part can be this control volume. It can be on a part of heat exchangers also. So if you have a heat exchanger and let's say the shell and tube heat exchangers suppose if you have this control volume could be something over here. It could be anywhere here or here. It is only when you integrate this control volume you get the equipment. So that's our understanding. So let us so all equations or in CFP can be written as in plus generation is equal to out plus consumption plus accumulation. This is the equation for all. This is the equation for all the three equations. The only difference is when you talk about continuity you will not have the generation and consumption term. So now we have to talk about what is the in and out in terms of energy. How the fluid energy how the energy comes in or goes out in a control volume how the energy comes inside the control volume and goes outside the control volume. So the energy can come in and go out in two ways. Now I'm not doing the complete derivation I'm just giving the snapshot for you to understand the equation. One it can come by flow another it can come by diffusion. What do you mean by it can come by flow because the fluid is flowing because there is a mass flow rate and this mass flow rate is associated with an energy that we call as specific enthalpy H. Every matter is associated with energy. Now if a mass is coming in then the enthalpy associated with that mass can also come in. Now what is diffusion? Diffusion is without motion. So this is something that we call as convection or rather in CFD language we should call these as advection because if you ask fluid physics people they will call about advection and they will say convection as sum of advection and diffusion. Advection is of motion. Advection is what is because of motion. It is what it because of velocity rather flow. So that means how to write convection. So we know that convection can be written in terms of mass flow rate. So this is always rate. You should remember everything is rate. So rate means quantity any quantity per unit time and what quantity we are focusing now? We are focusing on energy rate. So that means energy rate which I put as E dot if I write in SI unit it will become joules per second, right? Joules per second. So if I know mass flow rate and if I multiply that with the specific enthalpy and I will get this energy rate. For example, if this is the mass flow rate at inlet multiplied by its specific enthalpy. Now mass flow rate, let's say in SI unit is kgs per second. If specific enthalpy is joules per kg eventually you will get joules per second which is the rate at which the energy flows in. Here we are considering only the enthalpy form of energy. We are not considering the kinetic and the other forms of energy. Similarly, the out also. Out can also have diffusion and out can also have it is not only in but both in and out can have energy leaving it because of flow happening and flow going out. Now what about diffusion? Diffusion is something. Diffusion mode of energy transfer. Now this is what we call it as conduction where we do not really require the fluid to flow but it is actually the submolecular or the molecular means of transporting a quantity. So this is how, I mean like typically you tell an example if you just stand here at hot place you don't need the fluid to flow towards you. You can just feel the hotness just because of conduction because the molecules hit you and the molecules hitting you, it conveys the energy. Now how is a conduction mode of energy rate is given? This is what is given by the transport loss that you might have studied. For example, for energy transfer it is the Fourier's law. The Fourier's law of heat conduction. That primarily tells the diffusional mode of transfer. So here again the energy rate or you can also write that as Q is equal to a diffusion coefficient times a gradient of temperature. Any transport law can be written like this but this is a very generic way of writing. What is the form in which that you know? You know it as lambda times gradient. Lambda is what you call as thermal conductivity. We can also write it in another form which is like lambda times rho Cp and times del of rho Cpt. Eventually if you write in this form this term is called thermal diffusivity. Like how you have momentum diffusivity this is also called thermal diffusivity. So now you know that in and out can be written in terms of either convection or diffusion. Now let's come about generation. Generation or consumption. So they are almost equal to one other just with a sign. So if you put plus sign it let's say become generation. If you put minus sign let's say it becomes the consumption or the loss. Or the loss. One is by heat transfer. So that means from one system to another. Or one control volume to another control volume to transfer a tank click base. This is nothing but heat exchange. And it is for this heat exchange we know the equation Q is equal to HA delta T. Heat transfer coefficient times the area of contact between the two systems times the temperature. There's another way or for another means also by which this generation and consumption can happen that is because of reaction. If you think of combustion chamber, if you think of engine coal combustion there is a reaction happening. And by virtue of reaction there can be a generation of heat or there can be a quenching of heat. There can be quenching of energy or there can be generation of the enthalpy. That can also be written. Now this is usually written as how much energy change how much enthalpy change is produced is resulted per unit of the reaction. Per quantum of the mass that is getting reacted times how much is your reaction taking place. So the quantum of reaction times how much the enthalpy associated with this reaction is what is this heat exchange. This is primarily heat exchange. If you have this system, how much heat loss is there through the surface of the system to another system which is around it.  So that is something that you need to know. There's nothing like system and surrounding is something different. Surrounding is another thermodynamic system. The system is something that you focus on which you write the equation. But the surrounding is something in another system for which also the same thermodynamic loss or value. Now I should actually thank, I mean if I am not sure if how many of you have heard the thermodynamic lectures of Professor Sukatme again from IIT Bombay it is available in YouTube and also as part of I think the NME ICT initiative. So you can go back and look into the lecture where he would have explained very clearly the ideologies of the first law, the second law of thermodynamics and how heat has to be conceptualized. So now let us just write what is the final equation would look like. So we say in plus generation will be equal to out plus loss plus accumulation. Now all this with respect to a control volume in which the fluid is flowing. So you have a specific mass flow rate or fluid that is going in. So that means you have some velocity uvw of the fluid that is going in. Here again the mass flow rate will be same but the uvw will be still different. There could be some heat loss or the heat gain it could be this side arrow or the other side arrow whatever it is. And if there is a reaction then there could be a reaction also occurring within this control volume. All these are a conduct, all these are for a very general case. Now if this is the case you will end up in an equation which you clearly know now or you might have seen in books as in will come because of the flow. I think I will avoid writing the differential equation for want of time. I will just write first, yeah. So because of flow times enthalpy this is the inlet that is happening because of advection. Plus whatever is the flux that will happen because of diffusion. Now I am not putting the directional coordinates here it can be x, y or z. So this could be dx, dy or dz. So this is because of diffusion. This is again in. Plus you can have either the generation the transfer within the system into the system or out of the system. So you can have here h a and area times here you can have a delta t which is actually the heat transfer. So this could be generation or this could be loss. I mean generation in terms it may be a depending on whether it is plus or minus. Again you have m dot h which is out which is actually the advection out plus again a diffusion. This could be again dx, dy or dz depending on how you take diffusion plus an accumulation term. This is d by dt of rho c dt. This is primarily organ how much enthalpy is stored in the system. This is where the equation starts and if you see the final if you go back and see the book see the other steps of derivation you will see the final equation would end up something like this. So it is this term that's coming like this. The mass flow rate term is what is coming as rho into u minus let's say plus this could be plus or minus. This is again dt by dx. I am writing only with respect to one coordinate but this could be actually a partial differential equation if you write it in all the three coordinates. Equal to minus this is the thermal conductivity times dt by dx. Again this I am writing with respect to x and it could be with respect to any of the coordinates and if it is all then it would be like a partial equation plus d by dt of rho c dt. This is actually this enthalpy term. So this talks about the net advective energy flow. This is the net diffusional energy flow. This is for conductive heat transfer. This is accumulation and this is heat exchange. Now let's take I will take another five minutes just to give a preview like say if you want to solve for a flow through pipe in a heat transfer what you should do so that you can practice. Let us assume that I will take a very simple case of a fluid flowing through a circular cross-section pipe. So this is a circular cross-section pipe so you know the diameter let us assume that you know the length. So this is known diameter is known. There is a fluid now you can take it as water flowing or you can take it as air flowing. I mean you can make it as either a constant density system or an incompressible system based on the fluid that you take. So the fluid is flowing in. I hope now you know how to simulate what I mean by how to simulate is suppose if you give here a flat velocity profile a uniform velocity profile and if your condition is such that that towards the end you might generate either a laminar flow through profile or it could be a case where you will generate a turbulent flow through profile. It's not laminar will go to turbulent please don't take it like that way. It is like depending on the condition whether your Reynolds number is in the laminar regime or it is in the turbulent regime for a flow through pipe. So for a flow through pipe it is roughly about 2,100 is laminar and turbulent is you have to be little more than 10,000 right in between is like a intermediate region now you can generate this now in the same problem all we have to see is what will happen if there is a heat transferred what will happen if there is a heat transferred through the walls so that means we are more specific about what is the wall boundary condition right now why we are worried about boundary condition because you should know that all our transport equation all our transport equation they are differential we have written in Eulerian control volume approach we will end up as a differential equation now to solve differential equation you need a boundary condition like for example if it is a first order equation then you require one boundary condition if it is like a second order equation you require two boundary conditions for that variable right only then you can solve so that is what we are talking and what I mean by solving it we are actually trying to integrate this equation so that we will generate back the actual equipment we will generate back the actual system so you might have seen or heard in your previous lectures what it means by no slip free slip boundary conditions which are all for solving the momentum balance equation now I am going to take you and then tell about what is the specific boundary condition that you will use it for your energy transfer primarily what is the first type that is actually the adiabatic wall what do you mean by adiabatic wall so if the surface is adiabatic the fluid can go through it but then this energy transfer is not possible so that means no energy transfer so when I say no energy transfer which means q is 0 but q is 0 you need to think of two terms it can be either because of flow or it can be either because of diffusion but in wall you always don't have flow there is no flow across the wall so this you need not worry because in any case there is no flow across wall because if the mass flow rate in the normal direction to the wall itself is 0 there is no way that the energy will get left the only thing that you have to now worry is about the diffusional transfer so what is the diffusional transport equation now you should remember that is actually a Fourier's law which is based on the gradient which is based on the gradient so when you want to make the wall as adiabatic it means you are making the gradient as 0 the gradient of temperature across the surface across the wall surface is 0 so that means on the normal direction to wall on the normal direction to wall dT by dN this dN transfer I am telling about normal direction to wall if this is your wall that means in this direction dT should be equal to 0 there is no transfer allowed permitted so we can write adiabatic wall either by writing the heat transfer rate as 0 or we can specifically clearly write it as the temperature gradient being 0 why we are not worried about the flow because we know that any ways flow is 0 across the wall what is the next known condition in heat transfer so that is an isothermal wall now that is fairly easy so if you have a system where there is a flow is happening and now I am saying this surface is isothermal what I mean by that this surface is isothermal that means the temperature of the surface is fixed so that means to specify something as isothermal wall this should be a known constant you should prefix this to a known value that is what it means by isothermal it is fairly constant I mean fairly simple the third one is diathermic wall or what is called as the heat exchange or we can also very simply know it as it is a non adiabatic surface that means you have a control volume on which there is a flow happening but then you are saying that there is also a heat transfer happening but that does not mean the temperature of this wall is fixed this temperature of this wall is not fixed so that means it is neither isothermal nor it is adiabatic but then it is allowing some heat exchange if this is the case then for that wall surface you need to specify this heat transfer rate or the heat exchange rate now in CFD specifically in CFD these two you don't need to specify one area is from geometry it is automatically known because you are discretizing you are drawing the geometry and everything so it knows this this delta t it will compute so this delta t is what the system can compute based on what is there in the system profile and what is the temperature that is given outside but this heat transfer coefficient is something that we need to provide now you cannot be without providing this heat transfer coefficient this heat transfer coefficient is something that we have to provide so that means essentially you have three boundary conditions one is adiabatic isothermal and another is diothermic so in adiabatic the heat flux or the gradient is specified as zero in isothermal the wall temperature has to be specified whereas in a diothermic or in a surface with heat exchange we have to actually specify the heat transfer coefficient okay so any other questions so I think I will stop here I do know that we didn't do elaborate derivation but that's fine I think in one hour we have to just understand appreciate what is the problem that you are going to probably do and what is heat transfer in one hour I hope fair amount of understanding you have got any other question in buoyancy driven flow or energy and moment coupled as velocity yes so now in your CFD formulation like you might have to specify something as constant thermo physical properties or like something like incompressible flow constant density flow now if you are taking air and if you know that the temperature distribution degrees and let's say you are heating till 220 in that case you cannot assume air to be now incompressible it is no longer a constant density system because the variation in density will eventually change the velocity pattern and eventually that is going to affect the distribution so that means if you are doing systems where there is a change in density then it is to be a couple couple the other question is some the best book I would always suggest is the book if you are a mechanical engineer you should be very proud of a book called Suhas Patankar he is an Indian now I mean he is an Indian studied in college of engineering Pune and then eventually now I think he is in Wisconsin for a long time he has the finest book on heat transfer and CFP so read the book on Patankar so are we done okay so I hope we can close this talk session now and proceed to the next one I would like to thank Professor Narayan a lot thanks a bunch sir this was a very interactive and informative session yeah thank you thank you for joining thank you


Coach was talking about the physicality. Why do you feel like that played a big role in the way the game unfolded? Yeah, they were just more physical, more aggressive team, pretty much right from the start. How did you get that edge back? I think you just, you know, it's one of those things where you got to be attentive to it right from the jump. You know, you got to assert yourself, try and be the more aggressive team. I think some of those two is just sort of lapses in rotations or whatever it might be, getting a little bit out of position. And then it's sort of like a compound, you know, one thing kind of leads to another. And then once the team asserts themselves early on, it makes it tough, you know? And they kind of did that right from the jump today. When you guys collectively saw some of those trees that they were hitting, I mean, do you think heads dropped in here maybe more than they should have? Just in terms of blowing up defensively? Yeah, I think maybe a little bit.  You know, typically we do a pretty good job of defensively, especially forcing teams more into the mid-range, taking contested twos. And we just didn't do a good enough job of that tonight. I have to imagine there were defensive adjustments made at halftime, and yet they scored 40 points in the third quarter. What went wrong in the third quarter? What did Kenny want, and what didn't happen?  I think, you know, sort of tough, they obviously established their rhythm pretty early on. Guys were able to knock down shots. You know, obviously a lot of our game plan was centered around getting the ball out of Trey's hand, but you have to give credit to the other guys and their team that stepped up and were able to make plays for them.