Good afternoon to all of those joining in Europe and good morning to those joining in North America, including our speaker today, Bill McKibben. My name is Barry Colfer and I'm the director of research here at the Institute of International and European Affairs in Dublin. It's my great pleasure to welcome you to this exciting and tidy webinar on getting past fire, moving fast to a post combustion planet, which is the second event in our 2023 ESB IIA rethink energy series. I just want to thank our speaker Bill McKibben and our chair for this event, Karen Cisleski, the CEO of the Irish Environmental Network, IEN. I of course wish to thank our colleagues at ESB for their ongoing support for this series and for the overall work at the Institute. Before getting down to the main event. It's my great pleasure now to hand over to Jim Dollard, executive director of generation and trading at ESB will make some opening remarks enjoy the webinar. Good afternoon everybody. Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the second lecture and the rethink energy series this year. ESB is proud to support this series in conjunction with the IEA series effectively brings experts and top leaders together to share insights on the future of energy. And today we're delighted to welcome Bill McKibben, author, academic activist. Rethink energy is a very apt title for this series.  And I suppose there's a requirement now in rethinking energy for radical change in a fast, fast being the important word timescale. And I liked, you know, the moving fast to post combustion plan title to the series to this today's event. I think speed is important because the evidence is there. ESB strategy is net zero by 2040. And it's wholly consistent with the government climate action plan and the targets that the government is setting now right across an arrange a range of mirror measures. Net zero is a radical and it is a fast program. The rate of change required in our society to deliver net zero by 2040 and ultimately beyond is huge and will require us to migrate from fossil fuels. And ESB believes the means by which that will happen is primarily true electrification, the adoption of green hydro and other net zero type technologies.  ESB is, you know, it's wholly focused now on delivery on that strategy and to I suppose interim targets by 2030 and on to 2040. But it is a war type effort in terms of the level of change and the pace of that change to deliver the challenge. I'm in that context there. I'm really there for I'm really looking forward to Bill's talk and I'm going to hand over now to Karen to introduce the event. Thanks so much, Jim. We're delighted to be joined today by bill renowned environmentalist prolific author and a founder of both 350.org, a global glass grassroots climate campaign and third act which organizes people over the age of 60 in pursuit of climate and racial justice. Bill is widely known for his seminal book, the end of nature, which is often credited with being the first work to communicate the problems associated with anthropocentric climate change through general audience. He launched published 20 books and his latest, the flag, the cross and the station wagon looks back at America's social environmental and political landscape, which is much changed since his boyhood. I'd like to thank bill for being generous enough to take time out of his busy schedule to speak with us and to deliver his keynote address titled getting past fire, moving fast to a post combustion planet. The audience shares my deep interest in hearing those thoughts and insights into the opportunities and obstacles presented by what he's referred to as the next great human adventure, ending large scale combustion on our planet. Please speak to us for about 20 to 25 minutes, and then we'll move to Q&A session with you, our audience, you'll be able to join the discussion using the Q&A function on zoom, which you should see on your screen. So please feel free to send in your questions throughout bills talk as they occur to you, and we'll come to them as soon as he's finished his presentation. Please also participate in a discussion on Twitter using the handle at IEA reminder that today's presentation and Q&A are both on the record. Bill, the floor is yours. Karen, thank you so much. And what a pleasure to get to join everybody here. Look, this is the right week to be having this discussion. We've seen over the last 10 days, the hottest days that we've ever recorded on this planet, beginning with July 3rd, which broke the record set in 2016 during the last El Mino, and then ramping up very steeply in the days afterwards. We saw temperatures go about a half degree Fahrenheit averaged across the globe, higher than we've ever seen them before. Now that data set only goes back 44 years to 1979 when we started measuring this stuff. But in fact, scientists have good proxy records, ice cores, tree rings, things that go back a lot farther than that. The basic consensus among climate scientists is the last week has been the hottest temperatures on this planet for at least the last 125,000 years. That is to say, no human being has ever seen anything like what we're seeing right now. The heat waves, just the sheer heat, have been astonishing. China has been locked in a heat wave that's seen day after day after day with temperatures. I'm an American, so you have to confuse me for mixing Fahrenheit and Celsius and all of this all the time. We would have seen temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit across regions where hundreds of millions of people live day after day after day. The American Southwest has seen temperatures higher than they've ever seen before. Canada is far hotter than it's ever been, and as a result, it's burning at a rate that we've never seen before. Canada has already seen more of its forests go up in smoke this year than in any entire calendar year before. With that, heat has also come extraordinary flooding, because if you want one fact to understand the 21st century, it's that warm air holds more water vapor than cold. That means that in arid areas, you get more evaporation, hence more drought, hence more fire, but it means that in wet areas, you get more downpour and deluge, and that's what's happening. As we speak, Japan is recovering from the largest rainfall ever in its history. South-western Japan is essentially shut down. There are huge floods in other parts of Asia and in big parts of Europe. I'm speaking to you from Vermont in the northeastern United States. The sun came out about an hour ago, but we've had three days of unrelenting rain that's produced the greatest flooding we've ever seen. It's the kind of rain you can only have when the Atlantic Ocean is at absolutely record temperatures that we've never seen before. It puts so much water vapor in the air that huge deluge and flooding is just inevitable. Right now, our capital city in Vermont, Montpelier, is being evacuated. Its streets are head deep in water and there's great fear that the dam that's holding back yet more water may burst in the course of this morning. So it is the moment to be talking about what we've done and what we will do. The first thing to be said, and it's important to say, is that none of this comes as any surprise. As Karen says, I wrote the first book about what we now call climate change, what we then called the greenhouse effect back in 1989. So going on 35 years ago, that's when scientists told us very clearly, very loudly and very publicly what was going on. Their warning was unmistakable and people heard it. I mean, my book came out in 24 languages was the best seller around the planet. It's not like this was a mystery and it's not like we know anything now that we didn't know that the understanding that when you burned coal and gas and oil, you put carbon in the air. And that molecular structure of that CO2 would trap heat that would otherwise radiate back out to space was completely understood the predictions for what was going to happen were spot on accurate. And yet we paid no attention. Human beings have put more CO2 into the atmosphere since 1989 and then all of human history before him. That's largely the result of the almost unbelievably irresponsible campaign of deception and denial and disinformation that the fossil fuel industry carried out. It's passed the point where they can continue to get away with flat out denying climate change, but now their tactics have turned to delay. And they're good at it, and they continue to use their muscle to make sure that nothing changes. Just to give the most recent example, the CEO of Shell Oil, which had promised a couple of years ago at Glasgow that it would begin modest one or 2% reductions a year in the amount of oil and gas that it was pumping has now reneged on that promise. And the CEO of Shell said on July 6, the hottest day we've ever recorded on this planet, that it would be quote dangerous and irresponsible of them to cut back on their fossil fuel production. This incredible abdication of responsibility has put the planet and all the people who live on it in a place from which there is no easy or good exit at this point. We're not going to stop global warming. In fact, we're not going to stop it even with the levels of disruption we're seeing now. This is going to get worse before it gets better. And the next 18 months are likely to be a period of violent and chaotic havoc because as El Nino kicks in, we're going to see those record temperatures go ever higher. It's the consensus now among climate scientists that will almost certainly breach the 1.5 degrees Celsius level that we said is the mark not to breach in Paris just eight years ago. Our task now is not to stop global warming. It's to stop it short of the place where it cuts civilization off with the knees. And that's going to be a very hard task because of the physical momentum in the system once the North Pole and the South Pole have begun to dramatically melt as they have it's very hard to put the brakes on things. That said, the climate scientists have told us that if we act very swiftly there is still some room for change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change told us two years ago that we have to cut emissions in half by 2030 to have some hope of staying on the pathway that we laid out in Paris. By my watch 2030 is six years and five months away, and that's an enormous task to try and cut emissions, anything like in half. None of our targets are sufficient. They all have to go faster and deeper. And that's not for political reasons. It's not because that's what we want to do. It's because it's what we have to do. This is a different kind of challenge than we used to dealing with. Most of our political challenges we make some progress on, but then we come back and work on them some more in the future and we move in the right direction. In this case, our adversary is not in the end industry or the fossil fuel barons, whatever else. Our adversary is physics, and physics sets an absolute bar that we have no choice but to meet if we want a habitable planet. So that cut emissions in half in six years is not climate sciences talking or environmentalist talking, it's physics talking. The hardest deadline that humans have ever faced, and it's on the bleeding edge of the possible. Okay, that's the bad news. The good news, and it is good news, is that we have the possibility of moving at that speed. That's because scientists and engineers have done a remarkable job over the last decade, the price of renewable energy, energy from the sun, the wind, and the batteries to store that power have dropped about 90%. We now live on a planet where the cheapest way to produce power is to point a sheet of glass at the sun, and the second cheapest way to produce power is to spin a windmill in the breeze. That is a remarkable gift. That is, well, that is Hogwarts scale magic, and we should be doing everything that we can to take full advantage of it. It's not too much to say that we do have the possibility of rapidly ending large stale combustion on our planet. Human beings have been setting things on fire for 700,000 years or so the anthropologists tell us, and fire has been our friend. Let us cook food, which gave us the big brain. Let us move north and south away from the equator. Neither Ireland or Vermont have been inhabited without it. The anthropologists think that the social bonds that mark our species come in some part from eons of standing around the campfire. When we learn to control the combustion of oil and gas and coal in the industrial revolution, it produced modernity, it produced the world that we know. But we now are in a moment when the costs of combustion are at least as large or larger than the benefits. The most obvious of these is the climate challenge. This is existential. It is the largest thing that human beings have ever done, the largest thing by far. If we do not get it right, then we will severely circumscribe the future for our species and for most other species on our planet. But it's not the only cost of combustion. When you set things on fire, you produce particulates, small and often invisible pieces of soot that lodge in, among other things, human lungs. We now have good data on this. As of about a year ago, the big meta-studies indicate that about 9 million people a year on this planet die. That is one death in five on this planet from breathing the combustion byproducts of fossil fuel. If you're traveled recently to Delhi or to Shanghai, this will come as no huge shock, but it's true around the world. In my country, we have hundreds of thousands of cases a year of childhood asthma caused by breathing the combustion byproducts of fossil fuel. And that is no longer necessary. We not only can produce power from the sun and the wind, we can then use that power to do the things that we need to do to drive ourselves around, either on electric vehicles or better yet e-bikes. We can use it to heat and cool our homes with air source heat pumps, one of the great gifts we've ever been given by technology. We can use it to cook our food. I'm the cook in our house and for a number of years now have used an induction cooktop. I can't explain to you precisely how it works magnets, but I can tell you that it does work just fine. In fact, as with my electric vehicle, it's better than any car I've had before. The possibility of doing that is remarkable and remarkable for a third reason, climate change, human health. The third reason as we've been reminded by events in Europe over the last two years is that as long as we depend on fuel that's only available in a few places, coal, oil and gas come in scarce deposits. The people who control those places end up with way too much power. The biggest case in point at the moment is Vladimir Putin, who has used his winnings to launch a land war in Europe, something we did not think we would see in this century. And who's used his control over the gas spigot to bully Europe into towering submission for a couple of decades. It would be very nice since sun and wind are available everywhere to move past that. So, we face the biggest problem we've ever faced. We have a set of solutions. Those solutions have to be implemented in rapid order to make any difference. The question becomes, why are we not implementing them as fast as we can? Why are we still indulging with CEOs of oil companies and so on and so forth. The reason is because above all of the political power that the fossil fuel industry continues to have. And so the relevant policy and political question becomes, how do we break that political power in time? That's what I've spent much of the last 15 or 20 years of my life doing. Not because it's what I'm trained to do, I'm a writer, but because it's what was necessary. At a certain point, 15 or 20 years ago, it became clear to me that another book was not going to move the needle here. We had already won the argument about climate change. The data were clear. We were just losing the fight because the fight was not about data and reason. The fight was what fights are usually about, money and power. And the fossil fuel industry had so much that it was able to continue its business model even after it had been demonstrated beyond any doubt that it was destroying the planet. So lacking billions of dollars, the way that we can build power is to build movements, and that's what we set out to do. With seven college students, I founded a group called 350.org that became the first iteration of a global grassroots climate movement. 350.org is organized 20,000 demonstrations in every country on earth except North Korea. We spearheaded the fight against batista and pipeline in the United States, which became the first big defeat for big oil, and has led to lots of people challenging lots of other things. We launched this fossil fuel divestment campaign, which Ireland became the first country to endorse with its public accounts. Many thanks, among others, to my friend Lauren Gold, Trope Care for the remarkable work on this and many other things. That divestment movements now at $44 trillion in endowments and portfolios that have invested their holdings in fossil fuel, and that's been a big help in this fight. That movement has grown much, much, much larger. As you all know, the advent of young people taking the lead in this has been remarkable and important. You all know Greta Thunberg, and you should. She's one of my favorite people on planet earth. I adore working with her. I was extremely happy to get to the center of good wishes on her graduation from high school last month. She would be the first to say there are 10,000 Greta scattered around the planet, young people doing great work. They have 10 million followers. That's how many people were out on school strike in September of 2019 before the pandemic hit. That is magnificent, and it is as one would expect, since young people are going to bear the brunt of this.  If we do not get our act together, it does not matter what career you're training for, your career will be emergency response until we run out of the resources to do that emergency response. So it makes great sense that they are in the lead, but I heard one or two too many people tell me that it's up to the next generation to solve this problem. That strikes me as both ignoble and impractical, because young people for all their intelligence, energy and idealism lack the structural power to make change on the scale we need in the time that we have. We started organizing this third act operation in North America about 18 months ago, where we find people who have lots of structural power. Those of us over the age of 60, and we need those people backing up the young people in this fight, so that we can move faster and harder in the right direction. It has been great fun to do this work, and we're doing it with real power. For instance, in March we had a day of action across the US, where we shut down in 100 cities, the big banks chase city Wells Fargo Bank of America, but continue to lend money to the fossil fuel industry, even despite their ongoing expansion plans. That was a great day. In Washington DC, where I was, we shut down those banks with hundreds of old people sitting in rocking chairs. The New York Times the next day was calling it the rocking chair rebellion. We know that similar actions are underway in Europe, and we take great pleasure in watching young and old join in things like extinction rebellion to try and push our systems to operate more quickly than they otherwise would. I hope that all of you will figure out ways to join in those kind of efforts, because they are the things that freeze up our political systems to move faster. We need to open space for politicians to move more quickly than they otherwise would. There are lots of good signs happening. I think that the war in Ukraine has galvanized Europeans in a way that I have not seen before, to get them to understand the multiple scales of this problem and to get them moving faster. I imagine that the terrible things that are happening at the moment as the planet warms so dramatically will have some of the same effect. This next 18 months of El Nino warming will have to be the huge catalyst. I think it's the last slap upside the head that we're going to get in a period of time that's relevant to the outcome. Because remember always, this is a timed test, winning slowly on climate change is just another way of losing. But I also think that we need to embrace the idea that this is a great adventure, that humans have the capacity all of a sudden to move away from the thing that's marked our species. We've already said that language and fire were the two things that set humans apart and allow us to move into a world where we rely on the fact that the good Lord was kind enough to hang a large ball of burning gas 93 million miles up in the sky. And now we have the wit to make full use of it. We catch its rays on photovoltaic panels. We take advantage of the fact that it differentially heats the earth, creating the wind that we can harness with turbines. That's amazing. We are capable of powering our world with energy from heaven, not from hell. And if we did, it would be the single greatest step that we could take towards solving the climate crisis, towards improving human health, and towards rebalancing the power in our planet away from autocracy and dictatorship towards true, small scale democracy in as many places as possible.  It is a challenge capable of galvanizing human beings, but it's one that we have to embrace wholeheartedly. The last time that we faced a challenge on anything like this fail was with the rise of fascism in Europe in the middle of the 20th century. My ancestors had to cross the Atlantic to kill or be killed in that fight as so many Europeans had to. We do not actually have to kill anyone and we do not have to be killed in order to deal with this but we have to bring to it the same focus, the same intensity that our forebears bought to that fight.  That is a burden that falls on our generation, but it's also an honor that our generation gets to take that on. And if you are involved in this fight, then you are one of the relatively small number of human beings who ever get the chance to say, I'm doing the most important thing I could possibly be doing at this moment. So thank you for being a part of that effort. Step up that effort. Get outside your comfort zone, because as of right now, the planet is a mile outside its comfort zone. Thank you so much, Bill. I'm going to go ahead and start the questions and answers. And there's one here, studies show that you emissions. Oh, I'm sorry, can I also ask and that folks give their name and the organization that you represent if you represent one. So this question comes from the energy researcher with the study show that you emissions have dropped by 0.3 billion tons between the Paris Agreement of 2015 and 21. During that time, however, emissions in India have risen by nearly half a billion tons, while they've risen in China by over 1.5 billion tons. How can we ensure that the emissions reductions achieved in certain parts of the world are not offset by increases in carbon elsewhere. Well, we can work hard to make sure that places elsewhere have what they need to make that transition. Obviously, neither China nor India are as responsible as Americans or Europeans will ever be for the climate damage that we face, but also obviously we need them moving in the right direction. China, I think, is making serious strides there, installing more renewable energy than any place on earth. One hopes that this decade will see the peak of their fossil fuel combustion and a quick downward slide after that. India is a fascinating case. It's on the same place on its energy curve that China was 15 years ago. It could become the first really big economy to largely bypass fossil fuel in its path towards modernity because it's occurring at a moment when renewable energies become so cheap. It's cheaper in India to build a new solar farm than it is to just buy the coal to keep a coal-fired power plant operating, but India has an enormous coal lobby. Modi ran for office campaigning on the corporate jet of the Adani Corporation, the biggest coal miners on planet earth. So don't expect it to be easy and do expect it to be. I mean, our colleagues in India have been put in jail for trying to do work on this stuff, same in much of the rest of Asia. One of our closest colleagues, a woman in Hong who led 350 in Vietnam for many years is in prison now for daring to speak up against their coal industry. It's much the same the world over. The power of the fossil fuel industry is what we have to break and we can only break it with concerted mass action. And as we do that, I mean, the UN, one of the few places where the UN negotiating process perhaps holds out some hope is in encouraging the countries of the global north to live up to their clear moral and practical imperative to make it easier to do decarbonization in the south. Part of that is, you know, government aid, but there's not enough government money in the world to make that happen. The other thing that needs to happen is that we need to use the global financial institutions, the IMF, the World Bank, to take enough of the risk out of renewable energy investing in the global south with the vast pools of money in pension funds and things in the global north can be brought to bear here. One of our problems is that most of the money has accumulated in the global north and most of the need is in the global south. And so we have to figure out how to make it possible for some of that money, a lot of that money to flow there in ways that produce returns for people who need it but that mostly produce the possibility of a clean future for the whole planet. Thanks so much, Bill. And I have another question here from Emanuele Ferrari, a student and CEOs in Shell and other corporations are aware of the latest science and predictions. If they keep doing business as usual, is it because they believe they can still operate in a burning planet? One would imagine they would be the first to change. And now from great investigative reporting that Shell, for instance, knew everything about climate change back in the 1980s.  And then they said, this will produce waves of refugees as indeed it has. And they said, and here was the bottom line, civilization is a fragile thing, and it may be overwhelmed. That's what Shell knew in 1989. So their immoral behavior across this industry in the decade since is the greatest scandal in human history. It's cost us the one thing with desperately needed time. You would think Emanuele that they would, you would have thought that knowing what was coming, they would have used the opportunity to seize the technological imperative and own this energy transition. They didn't. They did everything they could to hold off suddenly instead of to pioneer it. And if you think about it, I'm afraid that the reason why is pretty clear. You can make money doing solar power and wind power. People are going to make a lot of money putting up solar panels and wind turbines, but you cannot make Shell or Exxon kind of returns for a simple reason. The reason is that once you have the solar panel on your roof, the sun delivers your energy for free every morning when it rises above the horizon. If you're the CEO of Shell, that's the stupidest business model of all time, because you've gotten rich by making people write you a check every month for 100 years to get a new delivery of energy. Now the sun's going to do it for free. We're going to have to stop that. And they have stopped that effectively. And they use every possible reason to try and make this point. The CEO of Shell said last week in an interview in the BBC, two things. He said, it would be dangerous and irresponsible to reduce the amount of oil and gas that we're pumping because it might lead to inflation and a higher cost of living next year. Compared with the damage that we're talking about, that seems absurd. One thing he said, and this really got me going, he said, well, if we don't, then school children in places like Pakistan where he came from will have to be studying doing their homework by candlelight. This is absurd. What you're worried about is light for children to do their homework by. There are efficient solar lamps available that cost a dollar a piece. If you charge them for three or four hours during the day in the sun, they produce light all night. You could stay up all night studying doing your homework. If you charge the dollar a piece, which means that, given Shell's profits last year, Shell could afford with one year to purchase 40 billion of these things. That's five for every man, woman and child on the planet. Meanwhile, Pakistan, which is what he was referencing, last year suffered the single biggest flood we've ever seen on our earth. 33 million people were displaced. UNICEF said in late June that 20 million Pakistanis, including 9 million children, are still dependent on humanitarian aid after that climate change caused flood. So the, the, the, I lack the proper words for it. The, the immorality of the fossil fuel industry has to be one of the things we just take for granted as a factor in this fight. They're not going to change. They will only change when public policy literally forces them to change. So that's why we have to rally people and build power bigger than the power that they have. I wanted to ask as well, this question is from Tara Kelly of the ESB. Thank you for your valuable insight. Could you please share your opinion on the potential solution of direct air capture technologies that extract carbon dioxide from the air? So that's the first question. And the second question is from Ashlyn McCann at the IEA. And you've touched on this a little bit, both in a recent article that you wrote from other Jones and today about the development of green infrastructure and adopting a YIMBY or yes in my backyard mindset. And this is, as in many places around the world, a big challenge here in Ireland. And how important do you think it is to provide financial incentives to encourage community buy-in when it comes to developing green infrastructure? For example, the provision of a certain amount of electricity to houses. Sure. So good questions. Let's answer them in order. Direct air capture and other carbon capturing technologies are some of them may prove to be useful as the century wears on. At the moment, obviously, they're too expensive to do much help and they're always going to be pretty expensive because the task is a hard one. Carbon dioxide is only 420 parts per million in our atmosphere. That's enough to wreck our climate, but it's not enough to make it easy to pull it out of the air. You have to build a machine that's capable of doing something that's hard, taking a very diffuse gas and removing it. So the one thing that these technologies should not ever be used for is as an excuse to put more carbon in the air now. At the moment, that seems to be their main use as a kind of rhetorical effort to allow us to continue to do stupid things currently in the hopes that our children or grandchildren will be able to offset them with technology that once you've broken the planet's climate system, getting that stuff out of the air won't be an enormous help anyway. So our job at the moment is to concentrate what power we have on building out green energy. It's a very good idea to go on researching and developing things like direct air capture, but it's not going to be our salvation. If we have a possible salvation, it's immediate application of solar panels, wind turbines, and batteries, all of which are available and affordable map, which goes to the second question around to how we build this stuff out fast enough. And I think that the questioner is very astute in their understanding of the politics here. It makes it much easier to do this stuff if there's some community ownership and buy-in. Humans are resistant to change everywhere. I mean, I live in Vermont, which is a green and progressive state. It's where Bernie Sanders comes from. But, you know, the state motto in certain ways might as well be change anything you want once I'm dead. And I think that that's true across many parts of the world. So there are people who do not want to look at wind turbines or solar panels, and they come up with an endless series of reasons why all of them, or most of them, spurious wind turbines are not going to cause cancer as Donald Trump predicted, you know, on and on and on. But those are powerful objections to moving at the speed we need to go. And one way to overcome them is to give as much ownership as one can to local communities. One of the reasons why places like Denmark and Germany were able to move so quickly was that there was a lot of public ownership. There were churches owned, wind turbines, local councils owned, and labor federations owned, and so on and so forth. And what do you know when people are getting a return on things? It is less of a problem. It's also a good thing to do for reasons of, as I was saying earlier, just democracy. I mean, it's dumb that we all write check every month that ends up in, you know, the pockets of Vladimir Putin or the king of Saudi Arabia or the Koch brothers or whoever it is. And we do not want to be emulating precisely that model when it comes to sun and wind. It's cleaner, but it would be politically and in other ways cleaner too, is to the degree that we could have it locally owned and controlled. We can't let the enemy, you know, the perfectly the enemy of the grid here. The biggest task is to build stuff out fast, whatever that requires. But it's important to try and do it. It'll make it easier to do it if we do it in more community minded ways. Let me add here that the other set of objections that's non trivial to clean energy is that it comes at an ecological and human price. Mining with mining cobalt some of the other things we need. We need to be doing those things as humanely and as environmentally soundly as we can, but we should not make the under any illusions that that they're somehow equal in their danger to the dangers from fossil fuel. Forget the climate for a moment, because you only have to mine lithium once in order to produce a battery or a wind turbine or something. It's the effect just of mining will shrink dramatically when we stopped using coal, which you have to mine every day because once you mine it you set it on fire. That's a big difference to get a sense of the scale of that. Remember that about 40% of all the ship traffic on planet Earth is simply carrying coal and oil and gas back and forth across the planet to be burned. And never forget those 9 million people here concentrated in the poorest and most vulnerable communities who died. Choked to death as it were on the particulates that come from burning fossil fuel. They don't have a series of advocates usually in quite the way that others do because they're scattered and disparate but their numbers are enormous and worth all is bearing in mind. The next question I'm going to give you to again together if that's okay with you, Bill. And the next one is from Rachel Ingersoll at the Department of Foreign Affairs and direct action is important and imperative, but it doesn't seem to be landing in the attention spans of those who we really want to take notice. Raising awareness amongst everyday civilians is one thing, but how can we better deliver direct action so that it better lands with local national and international decision makers. That's the first question. And the second one is from Olivia Freeman, a lecturer at Technological University Dublin, Greta Thunberg boycott at COP 27 and Naomi Klein has called for a boycott of COP 28, as it is being held in a UAE, one of the world's largest oil producers. What are your thoughts around recent cops, and are you pessimistic or optimistic about the next. Direct action movement building nonviolent movement building was one of the great technologies of the 20th century. I think it'll stand alongside the solar panel is the most important invention of the 20th century. It came from the margins, Gandhi, Dr. King, the suffragists, millions of others whose names we don't know, but who figured out this kind of alchemical way to allow the small and the many to stand up to the mighty and the few. But it only works if there are a lot of people engaged in it. It can't just be an eccentric few who are out doing whatever it is. And if you can get large numbers of people engaged in those fights and you can make a huge difference. You know, when we look at what happened during the Indian independence movement. It was pretty much everybody in India joining in. That's why they were able to beat back the British Empire. If you look at the civil rights movement in America, it was millions upon millions of people involved. We need activism on that scale. The first Earth Day in the US was in 1970 20 million Americans, we think we're in the streets that day, about 10% of the then population of the US, probably the biggest demonstrations in the history of America. They were enough to change the political calculus so that in the next two years, the Republican president Richard Nixon signed the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act and the Endangered Species Act that became the template for environmental regulation across planet Earth. That's what happens if you get 20 million people in the street. If we were able to do that, it wouldn't have to be a few isolated people throwing tomato soup with paintings, or you know, sitting down in motorways or something. It would be having effect on the scale that we need. As to the cops. This is a perfect example of the capture of too many of our institutions by the fossil fuel industry. It is ludicrous. And I mean, I mean, with every fiber of my being that the chair of this year's cop is also the head of the Abu Dhabi oil company, which has announced plans to expand its oil and gas production by 30% in the next decade. If you were a scriptwriter writing a script about this, you wouldn't do it because everybody would think that was absurd and wouldn't believe it. But that's what's happening. And that doesn't mean that the UN, or at least parts of it aren't doing all that they can. Antonio Guterres has emerged as alongside Greta Thunberg, the great prophet on climate change, and he has been calling people out in the least diplomatic and most accurate terms possible. He said to the fossil fuel industry earlier this year, he said, your core product is our core problem. So the UN, at least Guterres is doing everything that they can. But the cops are run by governments, and those governments are run in too many cases by the fossil fuel industry. Co-opted at least by them. So I do not think that the cops are likely to produce huge breakthroughs in the years ahead. I think they're becoming forums for greenwashing and for obfuscation and delay. That is a great change. But my guess is that Paris is going to stand as the high watermark of that process, and that our job around the world is to use the things that we won through great mass action in Paris to try and hold governments and corporations as accountable as we can. I don't think I'm going to go to the one in Abu Dhabi this year, because I think it's a joke. Thanks, Bill. Another question from Bernard Harbour, former head of communications with the force of trade union. And you've touched on this a little bit in terms of talking about direct action and climate action. And one problem Bernard says, despite the fact that most voters want climate action, it's not high enough on their list of political and social priorities to force politicians to treat the challenge as urgently as they should. Despite lots of lip service, it remains a peripheral political priority against the backdrop of a growing political backlash against climate action. So far, activist groups have been unable to move this. What do you think would help besides 20 million numbers on the street? I think you've talked about the numbers. Yeah. I mean, that is what will help. And there's no shortcut around it.  If people are serious about having a planet worth living on, then they have to join in this fight. And it's our job to make it possible for them to do that. To figure out how to inspire people to join, to give them the organization's movements, whatever to allow them to join. That's why we're busy building things like third act to allow people to magnify their power. We live in the West in an individualized world for our first impulse is to think, what can I do in my home? What kind of car should I drive? Those things are important, but the most important thing an individual can do is be a little less of an individual and join together with others in movements large enough to change the economic and political ground. That is hard. And it may not work. There is no guarantee that we are going to win this fight. And at the moment we are losing this fight. That's why we need more people moving out of their comfort zone and pushing hard.  And we've got to move past that in part because there's more jobs to be had building green energy than fossil fuel, but in part because there's no jobs to be had on a planet that burns up the way that ours is threatening to do. So, everybody needs to be engaged in this fight and they need to make that's why I was using that World War two analogy. And to make it a priority over whatever else they're working on. That's what happened during the war people set aside other tasks to concentrate on the paramount one. That's what needs to happen here. And one more question we have is, and I'd like to to wrap up, that's okay with one of my own, and that I'd really love to hear your thoughts on. And this is from Michael Sankey department of fart affairs. What is your view of Elon Musk and the influence he and people like him can wield, given the success of his EV company Tesla. Well, Tesla Tesla was a good idea. You know, it's not like he invented the car, but he's, you know, did some good marketing around it. But he's undoing that. His ownership of Twitter has been an unmitigated disaster. His rehabilitation of every climate crank on the planet is, you know, destroying our discourse and destroying the democracy that we need in order to act. Truthfully, I think the best outcome would be if Elon Musk and several of his other billionaire friends actually did manage to make their way to Mars, leaving the rest of us behind to deal with things around planet Earth. And thanks so much, Bill. And I have one final question. And this one is for me, if you don't mind, and that is you talked a lot about the importance of building movements. And I love what you've started to do in a really wonderful way in terms of intergenerational movement building to think is so important. How do we instill hope in younger generations, while dealing with the truth, and that things are only going to get more and more challenging for young people. I think that the reason young people one reason young people are so despairing, and I get letters, emails every day from people saying should I have kids, which is a terrible thing to make people have to worry about. I think one reason young people are so despairing is because they feel as if they have been abandoned by the rest of us that they're going to be left to deal with this more or less by themselves. We have found an extraordinary sense of relief from the young people that we work with that we back up when older people show up to help. I'll tell you a little story as we end the first of these bank protests that we did was about 18 months ago against these big banks that a morally from the fossil fuel industry. It was our local chapter of Fridays for the future in the US that kind of first asked us to help out. They said we want to take on these banks, but most of us aren't even old enough to have a bank account or a credit card, so will you help?  And there were hundreds of high school students there because they completely get it, and they're somewhat spryer than, you know, those of us of a certain age so they were at the front of the march. But at the back of the march there was a big group of us older people with a banner that said fossils against fossil fuels. All the young people who saw it started laughing, and all of them were extraordinarily pleased and relieved to know that somebody had their back. That's the least that we can ask of older people. We do not want to be the first generations that leave the planet in much worse place than we found it. We can play a big role in backing up young people in this fight, and darn it we should. So, that's a good place to end and just to say enormous thanks for your very good questions Karen and everybody else and ESB and everybody for doing this. This was, we're at a hinge moment in the planet's climatic history. This week, this summer, this year. It also has to be a hinge moment in the planet's political history. This week, this summer, this year. Thank you so much though and thanks to everyone for joining us.


Over the past 10 years, there has been a significant increase in interest for intranasal drug delivery as a non-invasive method for administering various therapeutic compounds to target issues in the nose, system and central nervous system. The paper reviews the anatomy, physiology and histology of the nasal region and discusses the biological, physical chemical and pharmaceutical factors that must be considered during the development of nasal drugs and their incorporation into appropriate formulations. This article was authored by Anaisapires, Ana Fortuna, Gilberto Alves and others.


Hey y'all, welcome to what Chelsea eats. Thank you so much for joining me today. In this video I'm gonna be talking to you about castorail packs. If you're interested stay tuned. If you're new here welcome, thank you so much for being here. If you'd like what you see consider subscribing and hitting the notification bell So you never miss an episode. Also, I'll be hosting the vibrate detox workshop Later this month and if you're interested there are details below in the description box If you didn't know I am a certified holistic health coach and I help women heal all kinds of reproductive issues such as fibroids, PCOS, endometriosis, ovarian cysts, infertility, heavy menstrual cycles, you name it. One of the questions that I often get is will castorail packs Help me to shrink fibroids or cysts or endometriosis or whatever modality you have going on in your womb area and The answer to this question is a big fat yes but you need to do it correctly and I think there are Some castorail packs are better than others. In this video, I'm just gonna talk about the basics. This is video one This is gonna be part of a series because I'm gonna keep on talking about them because My clients have been getting tremendous results from using castorail packs And I just cannot keep this to myself. In video one. I'm gonna talk about three things Some of the benefits of castorail packs because there are many but I'm just gonna talk about some of them number two I'm gonna talk about how to use a castorail pack effectively so you can get the results You're looking for and number three. I'm gonna talk to you about my favorite castorail pack Okay, let's start with some of the benefits. They help shrink tumors cysts and endometriosis They help shrink all fibroids no matter the size or the location and the reason this is is because when you place a castorail pack on your abdomen the castor oil Especially if it's a really good quality castor oil it goes down up to six inches into your abdomen Just think about that six inches and Not only can you put your castor oil pack on your abdomen? But you can put it on your sides you can put it on your back You can put it all the way around your abdomen if you want to depending on the location of the fibroid So if you have a fibroid that's at the back of your uterus for example Well, guess what put the castor oil on your back castor oil pack on your back and it's going to penetrate six inches into your body to Have access to that fibroid also By having fibroids is about having Congestion in the pelvic region so just say That you put the castor oil pack on your file on the on your abdomen You have no idea where the fibroids are because you can't physically feel them with your hands. Some people can some people can't and You put it on your abdomen just anywhere randomly because you're just trying to get the benefits from the castor oil Well, one of the things that will happen is as you put that castor oil because the castor oil is a mover of inflammation or Mover of congestion it's going to move the congestion out of your womb area that is contributing to the reproductive issue that you have So even if just for example just just for the sake of this video Even if it didn't get to the fibroid the the castor oil didn't get to the fibroid It's gonna get to the congestion and get that moving because we want the congestion to move out of the womb area Okay, so there you have it with that The other thing that it does is it helps to remove stress castor oil packs help to reduce stress and Stress is one of the main causes of reproductive issues in general across the board so even if It didn't do anything for the fibroid. It's going to help you with that stress level from just putting it on your abdomen You will notice it if you get into a practice of using castor oil packs On a regular basis Let me know if there's anybody watching who actually Uses castor oil packs on a regular basis if so tell me how often you use them and What your experience has been comment that below the next benefit is is they aid in detoxification We must detoxify our bodies in order to shrink fibroids and heal reproductive issues there is no other way around that but Most people don't understand really what detoxification is and I have a workshop that is coming up Very soon where I'm going to talk about the ins and outs of really what detoxification is So if you are interested in learning more about that you can look at for the link down in the description box but anyway We need to move toxins out of our body in order to move the move the fibroid because the fibroid is basically Toxic waste that is sitting in our bodies and the castor oil pack helps move that out The next thing it does is it helps reduce inflammation. So Fibroids and other reproductive issues are inflammatory conditions if you didn't know that Inflammation is basically pain. That's what it is or swelling or Bloating things like that. So I did a poll recently on the types of things that you all wanted me to talk about in my upcoming content and One of the things that came back was Bloating there was so there were so many emails talking about bloating. It was ridiculous It's kind of like I understand bloating because I used to experience it but Bloating is inflammation and castor oil packs help to move out Inflammation and move out bloating so If you want to move some bloating out of your body castor oil packs are a good way to do that The other thing is most people are constipated Let me explain constipation Constipation is I'm gonna give you a small example If you eat three times a day and you poop every other day or once a day, you're constipated Where is that food that you ate breakfast lunch dinner and your snack? Where is it? It's stored in your body. It's not you're not excreting that waste and that is Contributing to the reproductive issue. So you need to be moving your bowels Castor oil packs on a regular basis on your abdomen help to relieve constipation There are many more benefits that I could talk about But I'm gonna save the rest of those for the future videos because I have so much to talk about regarding castor oil packs, but When you use castor oil packs though You want to make sure you're using a good quality castor oil like the one like Like this one right here This one right here is called queen. This is a queen by queen of thrones Organic castor oil. I have never used a castor oil. That is this good, you know, similarly like I think I did a video a couple like a couple of months ago Maybe maybe about six weeks ago on this coconut oil that I carry in my herbal store The coconut oil is fantastic and I've never used the coconut oil that is this quality and actually Inhibited like exhibited the benefits that coastcast that the coconut oil is supposed to exhibit Because when you go to the store you buy coconut oil, it doesn't really do What it's supposed to do But this coconut oil that I got in my that I found and sourced for my herbal store is Fantastic, it's excellent quality Same thing with this castor oil I have used many castor oils over the years and I have never used one like this one. So Get your hands on this Castor oil Okay, so first of all I want to say a friend and a client of mine. She knows who she is. She may or may not watch this video Turn me on to this castor oil pack last year late last year and I found it is That it has been a game-changer For myself and my clients who use it consistently. It's called queen of thrones and here is the actual pack This is the oil and this is the pack I haven't opened this one This is a brand new one. This is this one is a pelvic pack. So they have packs They have different packs one. I mean like one of the packs They have you can put on your liver and actually that one can be put anywhere you want You can put it on your lower back if you want to you can put it on your abdomen You can put it under your arms. You can put it on your breasts. You can put the castor oil anywhere you want But what I love about this castor oil pack is that it It has like this. It's not plastic. It's like this Materials so that the oil doesn't seep through but on this side is the cotton side So you would put the casserole right here in them like pour like two two to three tablespoons in the middle and then it has these strings on it and You will wrap it, you know put it over top of your your belly and leave it there and Wear it as long as you want to and what I love about it is that You don't have to mess with it It's kind of like you could just put it on put your night shirt on over it You don't want to use like your best night clothes when you're using this because some oil can get on it But it's not like using your traditional castor oil um Like flannels that that we we've known for all these years because and you got to stay in one place You can't move your you're like, you know can find to the area I mean you can wear this every single night all night long and I think wearing them every night Even when you're on your menstrual cycle and I'll explain that in a minute Um Wearing this all night long you're gonna get the benefits if you put it on for an hour You'll get you know some benefits But the game changer is when you put this thing on and you leave it on all night long every night Now some people cannot do it every single night. Okay, I understand it But as often as you can put it on wear it because it is going to Um Change your life. It really is if you are consistent with it. I recommend the pack I remember I recommend the pack that you purchase and my link is down in the description box Um, I have a code. It is wce 10 Wce 10 that is going to give you a 10% off coupon for your purchase and The kit is the the one that I recommend is the hormone balancing kit it comes with three parts It has and I don't have it with me. I'm sorry It has like this little Pack that looks like one of those I'm asking which some people wear it on their eyes Like if you have vision problems, you can put it on your eyes I recommend whether you have thyroid problems or not is for you to put it on your thyroid and Wear it for like an hour Before you go to bed because I don't want you sleeping in it because you because you could choke on it Like I doubted if it really would happen, but you could I don't want you to sleep in it but like while you're doing your nightly routine put the put the casserole pack on your thyroid and Then there's the pelvic pack which you which is the one that I just showed you you can put that on your abdomen Wear that all night and then the liver pack You could either put on your liver or you can put on your lower back and the reason that you want to put it on your lower back is Because it helps to detoxify the kidneys and it also helps to move the inflammation out of your abdomen because you know your lower back is where you know positioned right where your Warm area is so it's kind of like you're hitting it from all sides So that's why I recommend the hormone balancing kit now these kits are not cheap They're like I'm not like even gonna lie.  I'm gonna be giving you some more tips on Like how to balance your hormones with the castor oil pack how to use the other packs in a little bit more detail and I might even go into more about the Pelvic pack as well But that will be I'm gonna save that for future videos because I don't want this video to be too long Let me just tell you a few things about castor oil packs and why I didn't use them in the past as Often as I probably should have One is because they were so messy I was not a crazy about like, you know You'd have to put it on your stomach and then you have to put the plastic on and then you have to put a towel over and then a heating pad and that's the other thing about this you do not need a heating pad with this and and That's a game changer too because heating pads actually are not good to put on your abdomen because They emit Electromagnetic frequencies EMFs, which is not good for our body. So it's like unless you can afford to buy The ones that don't have any EMFs in them or very low EMFs I recommend not even using them but what I would try to do is use a hot water bottle and You know, they only stay hot for so long.  So I didn't use them very often so when my friend and Client told me about this particular Castor oil pack. I was like, this is fantastic, you know, so that's why I didn't use them in the past because they were just so inconvenient The other thing about this castor oil pack is that it is washable There are instructions on that come with it that tells you how to wash it I just throw mine in the washing machine on warm or hot water With Some soap that doesn't have any fragrances in it or anything like that on the gentle cycle and then I hang it to dry and You can't get all the oil out of it But when you wash it, but you'll get enough out to where it is usable again Like it's not oversaturated with oil because each time you're using it You're putting a little bit of oil a little bit of oil a little bit of oil in the center and eventually You're gonna have to wash it. So I wash mine when I'm using it consistently Probably about every two weeks Um, so that's another thing to say. Okay, so do you use this on your menstrual cycle? So that's a question that a lot of people say. Oh my goodness You know, if you use the castor oil pack on your menstrual cycle, it's going to make you bleed more and Here's the thing that blood that needs to come out. Let it come out. The thing is is that We just need to support our bodies Um, when we're bleeding we need to support our bodies when we're bleeding, but I understand trauma comes trauma has set in for those of you who have Experience heavy bleeding. I have experienced that kind of heavy bleeding where it's so much blood It's like do I have enough blood left for my body to actually function and sometimes I was very close To not having enough blood because I was bleeding so much But what I have learned over these years is that sometimes that blood has to come out and it just has to come out in the castor oil and if you're using it and you're on your period and You're bleeding let it come out and You'll be a different person the next time you have your menstrual cycle because you will have flushed all those toxins That are coming out in that blood now I'm not saying that you should do this This is what I'm saying that I would do if I was struggling with Fibroids right now. I would use it during my menstrual cycle But you have to decide what's going to be the best thing for you if you think and It's in your gut that you will not use a castor oil pack while you're on your menstrual cycle Then so be it.  I'm not In control of what you do. I'm just saying what I would do personally But that's a decision that I'm making for myself You have to make your own decisions The one other thing I wanted to mention too is those of you who are having trouble sleeping When you put this castor oil pack on your stomach it switches your body just like that into relax mode It helps you to relax so you can sleep You know how you have all that stuff going on in your head It helps to calm you down so you're not like freaking out trying to go to bed trying to sleep. It really helps Personally, I when I when I am using it. I use like t-shirt type Night shirts when I sleep and I don't care about those getting messed up I mean you can go to Walmart and get those you can get them on Amazon. It's not a big deal I even have some that are cute like I have some that are dolmen and I got from Amazon that are just t-shirt material.  You know what I mean? Also, even though this oil is high quality so say you decided you were just gonna buy this and Just rub it on your belly and go to sleep Um That's great fine and dandy and everything. I mean you can buy all means do it like you can if you like castor oil for your skin Care this is gonna be fantastic for that You can use it on your eyebrows your eyelashes all that stuff It's gonna be good for that and just even moisturizing your skin if that's your thing but Just rubbing this on your stomach It doesn't do what it does when it's involved with this pack It's just something magical about these two together. It's not magic, but I think you guys get my drift these two together really Are a game changer so if you need some help With these fibroids, this is one of those things that can help here are some quick tips though Here are some quick tips on how to best use the castor oil pack.  It's toxic It's I mean because what happens is is the castor oil Leaches the plastic even BTA free bottles just because of the nature of castor oil It's a drawing. It's a drawing oil. You get my my drift Pour the castor oil in the center of the compress Not too close to the seams. I keep putting this back not too close to the seams You want to put it in the middle And that's gonna help Wear old pajamas or pajamas. You don't care about Wear it overnight. Yeah, I think I think I've said enough But like I said, this is high quality castor oil. That's the that's I think the key Is the high quality castor oil coupled with the with the pack So I know this video has probably generated a lot of questions because there is so much information And misinformation on the internet about castor oil packs Please comment below with your questions and I will answer them in part two of this castor oil pack video but This should be enough to get you started like I said in the beginning there is a discount code For 10 off It the the discount code is wc e 10 wc e 10 and I hope I really hope that this video has helped you And if no one told you that they love you today, Chelsea in North Carolina loves you very much And I'll talk to you all soon. Take care. Bye


And I would want you to share what you have told me about the teaching that you were training the children to the audience because I think that's brilliant what you were sharing. Please repeat that, Guruji, about the work Isha Foundation was doing in educating the children. So when we say education, what is the purpose of the education that we're doing? At different stages of evolution of a culture or a nation, we need to educate people differently. Suppose we were at continuous war, we would be training our youth to fight. Right now we are in an economic pit and we see a possibility. Right now we're talking about entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship everywhere. So like this at different times, we need to train them for different things. Having said that, we know that sixty-five to seventy percent of the Indian population is in rural India.  It's not a peaceful countryside living. It's bad, okay? Nourishment is bad, infrastructure is bad, everything is bad. Life in rural India is no more that idyllic poetic stuff. It is not. Because we try to shift from what is called as subsistence farming to commercial farming. It should have been done in a planned way in a time-bound manner. We have this problem about not having timelines for anything. Whatever it is, we don't have timelines. We think we can do it eternally. We don't plan. We don't plan. Focused planning. They're having the clock ticking. There's no timelines. When is this job going to be complete? We think we can do... See, we're talking about being a developing country. We are developing, developing, developing. Tell us, when will we be developed country? If we are developing, at some point we must become developed, isn't it? Is there a target timeline? Okay, by this year, we plan to be a developed country. And these are the goals. There is no such thing. We're going on developing. Like this agriculture moving from subsistence to cash farming, it should have been done in a planned time-bound way. We just let it be like that. So these people who had one acre, two acres, three acres of land, they were growing what they need on their land and they were eating well. They had no money. They were in rags. They had no drinking water, no electricity. But they were robust. A village person means he was robust.  They have electricity. Some villages still don't have, but largely they have. Everybody has a cell phone. They have internet kiosks. But you will see, sixty percent of the rural population in India has shrunk like this. Their skeletal system has not grown to full size because they're malnourished. When they were eating food grown on their land, they ate a variety of things. Today he's growing sugarcane. He gets cash in his hand. He comes and watches your cinema or gets drunk. Not wrong. I'm saying that's the only entertainment he has. Let him watch. There's nothing else in his life, either a cricket match or a cinema or drink. There's really nothing else. I mean, what else is there in the village? A cricket match or a cinema or drink. These are the only three things which make it worthwhile living for him. Otherwise everything is very hard work. No result. When we did agriculture as subsistence farming, if we today we are ploughing means there is a ploughing song. Tomorrow we are weeding means weeding song. Planting means ploughing song. Like this there were harvest means harvest songs and dance. It was a community. With that they were doing agriculture. Today you go into the village, two to acres are all barbed wire fenced.   You can't run agriculture like this for this kind of population. It needs a community, it needs a certain joy, it needs a certain involvement in relationship. You just want to do commercial thing, then you should have done something else.  Unless your land tract is large enough, there is no way to make agriculture profitable. There is no way. And if it's large enough, you need a community. Today everybody comes and plows in my land. Tomorrow all of us go and plow in your land. This is how things were happening. Now for everything I have to pay money, when I pay everything in the end all I have is debt. So the education for them is only to get out of this economic pit. So at six they will start English language and computers. Within one year all of them are speaking fluent English in our schools. Sixty percent of them are going to school. It's the first generation going to school. But they are fluently speaking in English, you should see the joy in the parents faces because they think their children have been to another planet. They come home and they start talking in English. It's an unbelievable scene. It's something that you must see. Tears will come to you if you enter the school. That is one form of schooling where mainly towards employment, mainly towards moving them out of the situation. Another form of education is we have Isha Home School which is for the affluent which is run by highly trained volunteer teachers. And this is a household kind of school where every twenty children live with a committed couple who bring them up till from age of six to a certain point. All schooling happens largely in the home except for labs, playgrounds and libraries. From age standard they move to the high school which is there. Our eleventh and twelfth is not two years, we made it three years because we are bringing so much talent into them in terms of music, art, theatre, leadership, business, various aspects so that when they step out into their undergrad they are very mature and competent people. So I said one year extra, if you want to do schooling with us, it is not twelve years, it is thirteen years. So you crossed the bad number also. And another form of education is where there is no academics.  Here we teach only yoga, khalari paitu, classical music, classical dance, Sanskrit language and English language. This is fair focus just to build a human body and the human brain to its fullest capability without any intent.  I want to be a doctor at the age of three. So without thinking what I will become, just growing this body and growing this brain to the fullest capability with at most balance. You will see these children if you come and see them, they can sit like this unmoving for five, six hours, okay? Age of twelve, fifteen years of age, they will simply sit like this unmoving for five, six hours at a time. That's the level of stability we brought into them. I… Guruji… Most adults cannot do it. I know, I know, I mean forget five, six hours, I think for one minute is also difficult. Two minutes is difficult. Hey, one minute is a bad case.


Hi everyone, my name is Kinsen Duang and I am an Honor Student at the Australian National University studying computational chemistry. So I use approximations of Schrodinger equation to study chemical designs to solve chemical problems. The paper was my last project and my challenge was to design a better catalyst for a polymerization technique called atom transfer radical polymerization. Now using computational chemistry we were able to access over 50 catalyst designs and that's really powerful because just making one of them can take a PhD student working full time for over a year to come up with the synthesis and to make the molecule, not to mention the testing. I remember going to school and not being able to understand a single thing that a teacher was saying and had this little translator thing with me where I can enter and translate word by word from English to Vietnamese and back and because I knew that I had no choice which means that if it wasn't going to overcome this challenge I would not even be able to have a dream not to mention following it. So I started school in Australia in year 8 and for most of my time in year 8 and 9 I usually sat in class having no clue what was going on. I remember having to write a little reflection at the end of every English class about a topic discussed in class and it was kind of difficult writing a reflection about something that you had no clue the entire time. So my man's study time was actually at home looking at online resources and which is why I believe in online education and volunteer for initiatives such as Maristam. We all, I think most people at Maristam have a very similar goal which is to bring quality education to every student especially those in rural areas where teachers and resources are extremely limited like all those like me who had to learn at a different pace.


Hi everybody it's Sam at Mixed Up Craft thank you for watching my tutorial today I've got this really fun concertina box card to show you today mine's an Easter theme because I'm doing my Easter series this year but you can easily change this up to be suitable for a birthday wedding Christmas Halloween anything so it's really lovely this one is let me just go through the size because I can't remember so this is four and a half by four and a half squared I did do one a couple of years ago and actually one of my lovely crafting friends shared a version of my one that she done over on mixed up craft is and it reminded me of this box style and I thought I'm going to you know revisit that one again but this time I've done it slightly bigger so I do like to if I'm going to revisit a card I like to change it again so it just gives you even more inspiration and ideas so this one's slightly bigger you've got room on the back there to write your message and then when you open it up this piece comes out and it spows Easter and if I just bring up everything there you can see this is using the Welcome Spring by Hell's Cup of Ditch magazine and I fussy cut all of these cupcakes with a little kind of Easter mini eggs on top I've die cut all the letters with the glitter paper and foam so there's some dimension there and look at that one in the end how cute is that you can make this as long as you want once you see how it's put together so if you do want to have Christmas or Halloween spout out you can really kind of yeah just add as much as you want to it the box size does allow you to fit more in so you could easily extend the inside and still have this same size box that I give you you've got nice little tabs there to be able to open and close it it fits really well and I think that makes such a pretty nice box card it can just be displayed like that as well so someone maybe doesn't have a lot of room or they like to keep the things afterwards and look after them this just is perfect for that so I will link up the one that I did make before as well just so if you do want to you know make a slightly smaller one I think it was only about three and three quarters or something it's not too different but again it is slightly different so let me show you how to make it okay so this is everything you're going to need this is the magazine I'm using the welcome spring by hell's a couple ditch really lovely and you'll see it feature a few more times as you know or I've probably heard I do love all the illustrations so yeah that's what we're going to be using so I've already gone ahead and done all of the the bits inside and I'll talk you through that in a second because that is the stuff that takes the time all of this is really quick and easy it was the decoration for me that took a little bit longer so for your lid and base you want two pieces that are seven and a half by seven and a half and then what we're going to do is cut a tiny little piece off of two sides of of the base now if you're happy with the 16th inch of a measurement that's a mouthful to get out then you actually want one piece at seven and a half by seven and a half and one piece that is seven and seven sixteenths by seven and seven sixteenths but what I'm also going to do is just show you a quick way to just take off a little slither from like I said two sides so for the minute don't worry just have two pieces of seven and a half by seven and a half then you want one piece that's four by eight and you want to score along the eight inch side of four inches okay so just score right down in the middle what I would say as well score on both sides because we're going to be concertina folding these everyone's probably going to have them different ways so if you just score on both sides there at four it's just a bit easier and then you want three pieces that are eight and a half by four and you want to score every one at four and eight along the long side again flip it over and just score at four and eight it will just loosen those score lines so four and eight just do that on those three pieces okay and why we've got the scoreboard out on one of these pieces of seven and a half by seven and a half you want to score at one and a half on all four sides so one and a half one and a half one and a half and one and a half and it's the other one this one here that we're going to trim slightly in a minute or this will be the seven and seven sixteenths of an inch squared okay so some of you that can do that measurement you know you feel happy cutting it and stuff then fine then you'll need one two three four five six seven eight nine and then one more to write your sentiment on the back so 10 pieces of this size but i've got nine in the pink and then one will be in white and these are three and three quarters of an inch squared now if you want to add any layers to them so i've got this green layer here this is drop down by quarter of an inch so this is three and a half by three and a half squared but you might want to add more of those layers on these ones as well because you might be obviously decorating them differently to me so if you do want to add that layer then that's three and a half by three and a half but what i've done just bringing up a bit closer is i've embossed all of these pink squares and then i've just fussy cut and layered up all of these put them on foam adhesive i've cut my letters and also cut them again in foam adhesive just to give it all some dimension and i'm probably going to add some sequence to all of this as well once it's all put together and then i can decide how else i want to decorate it so yeah nine pieces in color and then one in white to go on the back to write your message and then you want eight to 14 pieces that are one and a quarter by four and a quarter the reason why i say eight to 14 you'll need eight pieces to decorate the sides of your lid and your base because even though it's the base it will still be exposed when you pull it all out but you may also want to mat the three layers inside the lid and the base so that will give you another six okay so that's all the scoring done for the minute and then if you grab your trimmer and then with the piece that you haven't scored so we've done that one piece that was seven and a half by seven and a half and scored at one and a half on all four sides you'll then have that plain piece you may have already trimmed yours down to seven and seven sixteenths of an inch but if i pop this in my trimmer now depending on what trimmer or guillotine you have sorry this is a guillotine you'll see there mine is spot on and bring it in here it's bang on seven and a half see there now there you'll see a smaller little line just there that is the seven and seven seven the seven and seven sixteenths of an inch so all of these you've got seven and then you've got seven and a quarter seven and a half where this is seven and three quarters and then eight in between that again you've got slightly smaller lines that's your one eighth of an inch and then you know quarter three eighths half five eighths three quarters and then seven eighths then in between that again you have those smaller lines okay and they are the they will be all together if you count every line there will be sixteen and that's the sixteenths of an inch okay so that's where we are with that so all i want to do with this piece here is just bring it down to that small little marker just below the seven and a half marker so it's not the seven and three eighths it's the one between seven and three eighths and seven and a half okay but also you can just take a slither off so you can also you know guesstimate it so which i do with a lot of my things but you can see there what i've just cut away so it's not one eighth of an inch it's just smaller and i'm just going to bring that around again line it up and then trim that okay now not everybody's trimmers or guillotines might have those extra measurements because some don't you might have to use a rudder and mark it but um you can see now i've got two perfect pieces that i've cut away there and that is one sixteenth of an inch width okay right so now that piece is done you can bring your scoreboard back in and just score again at one and a half on all four sides and just by taking off that tiny little piece that we've done it will allow the lid to fit nicely over the top of the base so i've just scored at one and a half now on each of those now to not get these confused in the middle here i'm just going to put a b for base and t for top okay just so you don't get the confused because i mean it wouldn't be the end of the world if they were the opposite side and i think on the one i done last year i did actually end up constructing it together and the the base was on the top so it isn't the end of the world but obviously you do preferences you want the the top one there so that's all the scoring done and that's i mean it's not that wasn't hard i was just trying to explain to you really that extra measurement because a lot of people do message me about those sixteenths of an inch or taking off that little bit so right now we want to fold and burnish our score lines so i'm just going to do that on both pieces okay and also do that on these pieces here okay so it doesn't really matter which way because you will be folding it in lots of you know different directions so just burnish them all and then go back and burnish them in the opposite directions okay now also on your tab piece that you've got at the end here you just want to take little wedges off of this here now we just want to do some cutting so i'm just starting with my base here no particular reason just the one i've got and you just want to cut up these score lines to the first score lines very neatly because obviously your base and lid like i said will all be on display so you want to make sure it's nice and neat so i'm just cutting up to the first score line there okay and then just take some very small wedges off you don't want to take too much and this is the bit that you may decide you want to cover are these tabs because you will see them inside so i'm not going to take too much off just enough close nicely but so that's what you will have there and flip the whole thing around and do that again okay so that's that one there and you want to repeat that again on your lid okay okay so you'll have two pieces like so next we just need to pop them together so very straightforward those of you that have made lids a lot will just be able to whiz through this bit but you basically just want to add some glue to the top of your tab there bring this down and then bring your side around so you create that really nice right angle make sure it's perfectly lined up you're not pulling it in too much or not enough you need to line up that score line you know here so that's that one and then go around to the next one bring that one down and bring this up and around that's why i like to use the wet glue because it does allow you to move things around until everything kind of fits in nicely like so and then do the same on this end okay so there is my tops that's my lid and then you just want to do exactly the same again on your base okay and now you should be able to pop your lid very neatly over your base and you'll have a real nice closure now because they're exactly the same depth so one and a half if you push it right down it just make it fiddly to get it out so if you've got a punch if you don't have a punch you can just cut a little triangle just cut a little notch out something that will allow you to be able to lift this up so all i'm going to do is bring my punch in and just cut in the middle a small little semi circle like so so i'm just getting a little finger pull what's it called what's this called when you do this there's a name for it and i can't think what it is but again you don't have to be too exact but roughly so now if i pop that on completely like so it can go right down to the bottom but it now means that i can pop my thumb and my finger in those little areas there and pull it off easily and that's when we were going to pull out our concertina so that's that piece all done next we want to put together the concertina part itself so what's going to happen is so we've got our lid so the piece that we just cut this out will be on the left and one of these pieces this is when you can just flip them over you want it to be mountain and then valley with the tab okay for this first piece and it's going to stick in here but you can see it's obviously much smaller than the lid you want it to be because we've got a lot of stuff going into this area so the the key here is making sure that you stick this in the center slightly out it won't hurt too much if it's slightly but it does need to be in the middle if i bring this up can you see i've got an even border between the white here and all down here and that's the same along here and when i fold that there as well so you need this piece to sit as centered in the lid as possible now i'm just thinking i might add some nice pattern paper because this is my image that's going to stick on this piece that's going to go in the lid so it's going to have that there but i think there's quite a lot of white there so to allow everything to kind of look nice and really pop so this is four and a half by four and a half so i'm going to do four and three eighths by four and three eighths so four and three eighths by four and three eighths and i'm going to do two pieces so i've got one at the other end as well although i've just cut that wrong so i'll have to cut it again i cut it the wrong way my cardstocks are four and three eighths by four and three eighths i might use a bit of this on the lid as well actually so we shall see right so i've got two pieces of four and three eighths there as well so now what i think i'll do first is stick this inside like so and then this piece can go in and you can it's a lot easier to get that matched up with a frame like so and then that can go on and the yellow in the flowers complements really nicely okay so if you want to do that cut those two pieces first of all i'm going to use wet glue for this because it allows us to wiggle things around a little bit before it actually sets so just help us a little bit there but this piece here pretty much just will fit in perfectly and then just make sure that's all nicely stuck down okay and then now you want to see how you're going to pull the lid out so we're going to pull it out yeah so you want these pieces here you want it in this orientation so you want them on the sides here you don't want them on the top and the bottom you want them on the sides so make sure you've got your box this way and then you're going to stick this one down in there now i'm just thinking what i might do is actually start to stick these on first before i stick it in there because it's easier so i'm going to again use my wet glue stick that one down because it's much easier for me to get that nice border that's that one and then i've got E for Easter so again in fact what i do is we continue and stick all this concertina down because that was what i was going to suggest at the beginning wasn't it so now grab another piece of this and you're going to stick that right over that tab so the other tab is on this end okay so you're just making a really long concertina fold so i'm going to add some wet glue on there make sure you stick that one down perfectly over there and then you will have another one with the tab you're sticking that over there again so again just add a little bit of glue pop that to one side like so and then the last one is going to stick over there and it will be plain there'll be no tab because that is the piece that's going to stick into your base so you're just going to again add some glue so there's just lots of parts to this it's it is a straightforward project but i'm just also trying to make sure that i you know show you the way to assemble it the easiest so now i just want to make sure i get these all right so ea s t b r so i'm just going to go and stick them all down okay and i've also just stuck down my last one there as well so how it should fold because we scored on both sides this should be quite floppy this one you're going to start with a if i do it this way so you want your first one like this so you've got a mountain valley mountain valley mountain valley mountain valley so you should have one two four mountains and one two three valleys okay like so and then the whole thing will fold and you can see it's quite thick because i've got lots of foam adhesive so that's why i wanted to make sure there's lots of room so i also might want to add some bows but now that will sit and pull right out and it's going to look it's going to look really really cool i love this okay so again making sure these pieces here are on the left and the right i'm going to add some glue all onto the back of this okay and then very carefully and you can wiggle this around a little bit until you're happy but it's stuck down so it looks about right yeah i'm happy with that like so okay and then the back of this one is going to stick in here but i want to stick this yellow piece in first glue on the back of that one pull it all out so you've got a bit of you know it's easier for you to fit in and again just move that around until you're happy that's nice and straight okay and then the whole thing should perfectly close up like so okay so that is your card so now because i'm going to pop this on there with my other bits and pieces when you come to pull it out you have this really cool how lovely is that so some more decoration let's do the sides and the top okay so we're going to stick these now onto the sides with the one where you've already cut that out thinking about it you probably should have done that after so i'm going to stick that over there still and then i'll just cut the punch out again underneath but you want to stick it on all four sides of the lid and all four sides of the base okay so you can see now my side's done so i'm just going to grab my punch again and just come in here just come a little bit higher you need to do the same on this side okay so now this should all work really nicely so there's your box and then as you pull it out look at that and then it can be displayed obviously much further apart but look how cool that looks i absolutely love it now i'm going to decorate the top so making sure it's obviously the right way up i've got a piece of four and three eighths of an inch by four and three eighths although that looks like it is wonky why is that wonky there let's have a little look four and three eighths so you didn't do that bit properly so that is going to stick on there and then over the top i have this piece that is going to sit in the center like so and i have a really nice bit of sparkle so i'm going to stick those two down okay so that's now all stuck down so that's my box and you should have your little kind of finger tabs on the left and the right and then when you open it up it will all open up like so so now i'm going to just decorate the inside of these so that's the optional piece that's where you needed one two three and then one two three so obviously you don't see the ones on this side and then you just need to decorate the back so i'm going to go ahead and get all that done okay so i've stuck everything down and i've actually not done this side so you will only need four so i've done one there there and then there and there but now you can see it all folds up perfectly and on the back i've done a glitter mat there and then i've done a layer of white over the top ready for me to write a little message i could have stamped something there if i want but there's so much going on here and i probably will end up writing quite a bit which i tend to do so but that's it finished so there it is open it up and it comes out and you have this really lovely card you could also use the back and write other things on there as well if you wanted to but how lovely that's how it looks when it's displayed so perfect for the top of the fireplace a long shelf or anywhere really and yeah thoroughly pleased with this one so i hope you like this slightly larger version and give it a go i've done mine for easter but like with most of my projects this works for so many occasions so i think it'd be great for birthdays obviously but even as a wedding card i mean you can see now how easy it is to add on these pieces so if you want to do christmas you want to have halloween you know congratulations it's so easy to extend this and make it any length that you want so give it a go let me know what you think and uh yeah i hope you've enjoyed it if you did please give me a thumbs up and subscribe to my channel so you get to see more thanks for watching bye


I'm Laila Muhammad. Hey everybody, I'm Oliver Tell. Get the polygraphs and the truth serum, there's some new technology out there that can tell if someone is lying without that person even saying a word. So how does it work? It's all in the eye.  This new tool can help with pre-employment screening and law enforcement, making it harder for people to lie. It's called eye detect. When a person is in a position they have to lie, the cognitive load is great and to the point where the person then has to make a decision. Do I tell the truth? Do I lie? Do I tell the truth? Do I lie? And they finally make that decision. So they lie at that point, people dilate.  Well it takes about 60 frames per second of your eye during the course of the test. We also can examine on different types of crimes, right, sex offender testing. You're here to take a polygraph examination, I'm sure you're nervous, everyone is. Bill Evans has been administering the traditional eye detector polygraph for over 20 years and he says eye detect is faster and easier to use. The traditional eye detector can take two hours or more. With eye detect, the person taking the test follows directions on the computer and the test only takes about 30 minutes. Shortly after the test is finished, results are given to the person who administered the test. The Salt Lake City Police Department uses it extensively. In Ohio, we were the first to have it in Ohio, as a matter of fact, fourth in the country to have it. And so consequently now, I would imagine several police and fire departments will be using it in the future for screening purposes. The eyes tell the truth. I just, you've always heard things about that, I'm just waiting to see if it's actually true. I'm looking into your eyes. You don't bother. Don't bother. My eyes are cross-eyed. You can't tell which way I'm looking.


Hello everybody, I'm Lance Goyki. Today we're talking about the single leg squat. So I'm trying to do all these internet videos and I, you know, with short sleeves on, sometimes you can tell that I work out. I don't really lift that heavy of weights very often. Maybe kinda heavy for normal people, but not that heavy for like really strong people. So one of the things that hopefully this video will do is it will redeem me. I want you to see a single leg squat, which is actually an exercise that I can do and hopefully you consider me a little bit more athletic after we do this. So a single leg squat. I have one foot down. I'm gonna, this is the pistol variation. I can set one foot up on a box and I could do it that way instead, but this is the pistol variation. This is like the full on. You don't need any equipment. This is the hardest variation to do. So as I come down, it's just like a normal squat.  So one thing that I do to help my mobility is I reach forward because it shifts my weight back. It allows me to, I guess not, it doesn't demand quite as much ankle mobility from me.  Okay, so this is what it looks like. Foot's up, arms are forward. We come on down like this. Same rules apply. I want my hip, my knee, my ankle in a straight line and I come back up just like that. You can load this just like any other variation. You can do it like a goblet squat where you're holding the weight in front. You could try to put weight on your back. I don't think you'll be able to do it. You could hold a kettle bell on a front rack position just like here up here. You could do two of them at the same time. All that stuff works. It's just really hard. You need a lot of mobility and you need to be able to control it so therefore you need this stability and as you load it, you need the strength to overcome those things, okay? Now you can, this is a really good training tool for like weightlifters, people who are really mobile, people who have really gotten good things out of doing snatches and cleans and full squats and stuff like that when they have demonstrated that they can control their bodies that way, this variation, this single leg squat variation works pretty well. Now how is it different from a bilateral squat? With two feet down, I have a wider base of support. With one foot down, I have a narrower base of support and so as you can see, I'm falling already. This stability demand is much more difficult than this. So I'm gonna be able to use more weight in a bilateral variation than with this single leg squat variation. What else is going on? So as I'm on one leg, I need different hip mechanics. So as I support myself, I need to be able to hike my opposite hip up and this other shoulder needs to come down a little bit and then I need to find something like the opposite when I'm here in the bottom and then I need to be able to get back out of it. All of those demands are very unique. If you've noticed that you can't do stuff like this, then maybe this variation isn't appropriate for you. Maybe you need something like more of a static thing, more of a lunge thing. So if I have trouble on this side hiking this opposite hip up high, I might wanna do something to help me find my left abdominals this way. Sink my left shoulder down toward my left hip, bring my left hip up toward my left shoulder, close this down, turn some ab muscles on and use this as a way to teach me how to do a single leg squat. One last funny story, I had a guy in for his first assessment one time. His goal, he told me at the end of the thing after I'd done all my things, right, was I wanna be able to do a single leg squat.  He came in, he was obviously very strong. He had the strength to do it but he didn't have the mobility to stabilize himself and to find the right positions. And so I said, give it a shot. And so he did and he knocked it out and he was like, wow, I'm blown away that I can do that. This is amazing. This is a great session. And he never came back because he was done.