We are going to only cover one verse, and you're saying, good, I get to eat more lunch. But nope, you're not. Sorry. You're going to get more spiritual food this way. We're going to be looking at living out the golden rule from Matthew 7.12. And there's a lot of material between salt and light. And Jesus has been in Matthew 5 talking about all that you have heard. You have heard you should not commit adultery. I say you should unless. You've heard you should not murder. But I say don't get angry. You've heard this. And so he's gone through that. He's also gone through in chapter 6 teaching them how to pray, about fasting, doing their outward works of righteousness before others to be seen of them. He talks about laying up treasure not here on earth but on heaven, and then goes into the importance of not worrying, but worshiping instead. And then he begins Matthew 7 with talking about not judging others until you get the 2 by 4 out of your eye, talks about not casting your pearls before swine, don't give out holy things to dogs. And then he starts winding down his sermon. And he really has a lot of punch lines. We'll see the final punch after lunch. Hey, that's a rhyme. I didn't even plan that. Final punch after lunch. But I mean, he's really getting down to it. Enter at the narrow gate. Why does the Bay brought us the way that leads to eternal destruction? And many go that way. The Greek is most. Most are going that way. And narrows the road. Hard is the way that leads to eternal life. And few, the Greek word is puny. Very few find it. And then he talks about false prophets and not everyone that says Lord, Lord, will enter into the kingdom of heaven. So he's winding down his sermon. And right before he gets into the punch line of his sermon, he has one little verse here where he says, everything that you want men to do to you do also to them, for this is the law and the prophets. So we're going to look at this one verse in this session before lunch, living out the golden rule. This year is another year of an election, thankfully, not another presidential election. I don't know if I can make another one of those. But it is a year of an election. I don't know if you know that. We're going to be electing US senators. And I don't know about you, but I find it very difficult when our country starts having elections just because of the slander and the vileness that we see on commercials. And I remember during the presidential election that it didn't seem like a day didn't go by where I almost tell my husband, I don't want to watch the news. It's just, it's outlandish. And remarks that as a Christian, I just care not to listen to.  And would this election, this fall for US senator, would it be different if the men and women who were running for the office of president or in this case, US Senate, if they would consider and practice Matthew 712, if they would do unto others as they would like done to them, you know what? We would probably all fall over, you know, in shock. And we might see the blessing of God on our nation again, wouldn't that be great? But you know, my friend, it's not just carnal politicians that seem to have difficulty with following the golden rule, have you noticed that? We seem to have some sort of problem remembering it in the local church as well. Ladies, if we seriously obey the principle set forth in Matthew 712, do you know most sin would cease? You ever thought about that?  If we started treating others the way we want to be treated, we would start honoring our parents, honoring our authorities, taking care of widows and orphans. We would start disciplining our children as God says we should. We would be courteous to others. We would be hospitable. We would show love by being joyful, merciful, compassionate, kind, long-suffering, gentle, good, and we would practice self-control in a myriad of other things. Ladies, if we really stopped long enough before every thought, every word, every deed took place regarding another person and ask ourselves this question, is this how I would like to be treated? Is this how I would like to be spoken to? Is this how I would like to be thought about? You know what? We would then see amazing things happen in our spiritual lives. In fact, we might have a glimpse of what Jesus has already said in the Sermon on the Mount, be therefore perfect even as your Father in heaven is perfect. So as we consider Matthew 712, we're gonna contemplate living our lives in light of what many have called the golden rule. Let's read it together. Jesus is therefore all things whatever you would that men should do to you, do also to them, for this is the law and the prophets. Now, as we consider living out the golden rule, we're gonna consider four things, ourself, others, the law, and the prophet. Now, before we unpack this verse and its rich meaning, we need to remember that all too often we look at this verse and we quote it because we hope others will treat us nice, right? The ladies need to look at this verse and take a look at ourselves, right? Examine ourselves to see if we are treating others in the same way that we want to be treated. So Jesus begins with the word therefore, which what indicates that we need to look back. Anytime you have a therefore in scripture, it's therefore reason. And it's therefore here because he's wanting us to go back all the way to the beginning of his sermon, all the way back to chapter five. So therefore, because of what I've said already, regarding your responsibility to others, then you treat them as you would like to be treated. And so, as I said, you better hold on to your pens or your iPad or whatever you're taking notes on because as we think about living out the golden rule, we're gonna consider ourselves, but we're gonna look at the most of the sermon on the mountain. I'm gonna be going really fast. I'm sorry if I talk too fast, but I really wanna get this covered because it is essential, I believe, in understanding what Jesus is saying. So let's ask ourselves. We're gonna look at ourselves first, okay? Not looking at the girl next to you in front of you. You look at yourself. Let's ask ourselves some questions as we consider the whole of the sermon on the mount as it relates to our relationship to others. So if you wanna turn back, you can and follow me as much as you want to, Matthew 5.7, which is what we looked at last night, showing mercy. Do you want others to be merciful to you to show compassion and extend forgiveness? Then you show mercy by showing compassion and extending forgiveness from Matthew 5.8, which talks about being pure in heart. Do you want others to have pure thoughts, motives, and actions when it comes to relating to you? Then you have pure thoughts, motives, and actions when it comes to relating to them. From Matthew 5.9, on being a peacemaker, do you want others to make every effort to be at peace with you? Then you make every effort to be at peace with them. And ladies, this means you pursue peace and you try to solve conflicts. Do not stir them up. From Matthew 5.21 to 26, which is talking about being angry in your heart and whoever's angry with his heart and his heart with his brothers in danger of hellfire. Ladies, do you desire that others would not lash out at you in anger? Then you don't lash out at them in anger. Do you desire that others would reconcile with you when they're offended with you? Then you reconcile with others and do it quickly when you're offended with them.   From Matthew 5.33 to 37, which is talking about keeping our vows, our promises, let your yes be yes and your no no list you fall into judgment. Do you wish others would keep their promises they've made to you? Then you keep the promises you've made to them. From Matthew 5.38 to 42, which talks about going the extra mile if a brother has need, you give them your coat, you give them your quiz cloak, you get them whatever he asks, go the mile, do whatever it needs, you must do to help him. Do you wish others would give up their rights for the sake of helping you out when you really need their help? Then you give up your rights for them when they need your help. From Matthew 5.43 to 48, which says we're to love our enemies, we're to pray for them who persecute us and despitefully use us and we're to love them.  Then you make every effort to love your enemies, bless your enemies, do good to your enemies, pray for your enemies. From Matthew 6.18, which is talking about doing our acts of righteousness to be seen by others. This is what the Pharisees did. They prayed, they fasted, they gave so that everybody could see what they're doing. Do you desire that others would do their acts of righteousness without hypocrisy? Then you do your acts of righteousness without hypocrisy. You might say, Susan, how does this relate to my fellow man? It's simple when you think about it. When you see others living hypocritically, what happens to you? You have ill thoughts towards them, don't you? I do. We might gossip about them, we might avoid them, we might dislike them, right? From Matthew 6.19 to 24, where Jesus says, do not lay it for yourself treasure on earth where moth and rust does corrupt and where thieves break through and steal but lay it for yourselves treasures in heaven where neither moth nor rust does corrupt nor thieves do not break through and steal. From that passage, do you desire that others be more sold out for Christ and less in love with the world? Then you be more sold out for Christ and less in love with the world. From Matthew 5.25 to 34, which is talking about, don't be anxious about your life, what you're gonna eat, what you're gonna drink, what you're gonna wear, the Gentiles do this, seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness and then all these things will be added to you. Do you wish other people would stop their needless worries and fears and anxieties? Do people like that discourage you and weigh you down? Then you stop complaining to others about all your fears and worries. From Matthew 7.1 to 5, which talks about judging others without taking out the two by four, you're trying to get the speck out of your brother's eye and yet you have a two by four in your eye that you need to get out first before you can help your brother. Do you want those who confront sin in your life to be living a life of holiness and not be involved in some blatant sin?  From Matthew 7.6, which talks about, do not cast your pearls before swine need or give holy things to dog, which is talking about giving out the gospel to those that have made it very clear they've had enough and Jesus says, don't do it, they'll turn on you and lacerate you. Do you like it when others keep pounding you with things that irritate you? Then you stop pounding religious things into unbelievers who've made it clear they've had enough. Now, obviously these are not the only ways we consider ourselves as we consider how we wanna be treated, but these are the ones mentioned in the sermon on the Mount. One man says this, how we treat others is not to be determined by how we expect them to treat us or how by we think they should treat us but how we want them to treat us. So we turn from considering ourselves and now we're gonna consider others. Consider others. Taking the very same passages that we just looked at, I'm gonna reword the questions a little bit as we consider doing to them as we would like them to do to us. From Matthew 5.7, which is the mercy, be merciful. Do you stop and consider the other person when you fail to extend mercy, compassion and forgiveness to them? Do you put yourself in their shoes and consider the hurt that you have caused them? From Matthew 5.8, which is being pure in heart, do you consider how your impure thoughts and motives and actions affect others? Do you consider you might be leading them down wrong paths by your actions?  Do you realize what it does to their heart and their life on a daily basis? Do you stop and consider the turmoil you are putting them through because you will not be at peace with them? From Matthew 5.21 to 26, about being angry in your heart, which is murder. Do you consider how your anger towards another person makes them feel? Do you consider that it's crippling to your relationship to them? Do you consider they often avoid you and walk on pins and needles because they fear your anger? Do you think about those with whom you're refusing to reconcile with and how it affects their daily walk with the Lord? Do you consider the amount of time they put into praying and hoping that one day you will be reconciled to them? From Matthew 5.27 to 30, which is on lust and adultery.  Do you consider the spouse will struggle with trusting their mate the rest of their life? Do you realize the word of God says that wound will never go away from the offended spouse according to Proverbs 6? They will always be plagued by the fact that they were sinned against by your moment of pleasure with their spouse. From Matthew 5.33 to 37, which is on keeping your word. Do you stop and consider your children, your grandchildren, your friends, your husband or anyone else with whom you've made promises to and yet failed to keep them? Do you stop and think the hurt that it causes them and how if it's a repeated action on your part, they will struggle with believing anything you say because your word cannot be trusted? From Matthew 5.38 to 42, which talks about going the extra mile, giving your coat to someone that has a need. Do you consider the needs of others and how for some it's hard to ask for help, but when they do and you fail the lend a hand? How it not only demars your testimony with them, but blasphemes the very word of God, which says that loving our brothers will be the preeminent way the world will know we're his disciples? From Matthew 5.43 to 48 on loving your enemies. Do you consider those you would call your enemies when you choose to continue to avoid loving them, blessing them, doing good to them and praying for them? Do you realize this might be a discouragement to them as they might be hopefully praying for reconciliation? From Matthew 6.1 to 18, which talks about acts of righteousness that we do to be seen of others. Do you consider trying to help others when their life seems to be hypocritical instead of avoiding them or gossiping about them? Do you love others enough to confront them about the danger their soul is in, even if it costs you the relationship? I met with my mother's dearest friend last, this year, actually I was in California a few weeks ago doing a conference, and she was with my mother in Russia when my mother died. And my mother, I believe now, after talking to her, went to a Christ with eternity as well. And I asked this lady, I said, do you think my mom was a Christian? She said, I've wondered about that.   And I said, yes, I did. I confronted her that I didn't think she was saved. And she said, you know, I have one regret, Susan. She said, I never confronted your mother because I didn't wanna risk losing the relationship. Ladies, you love others enough to lovingly confront them about the danger their soul is in, even if it costs you that relationship. Do you think about the Lord's testimony who's at stake with those who claim Christ but live hypocritically? From Matthew 6, 19 to 24, which is talking about laying up treasures in heaven instead of earth. Do you consider others who have been caught in the deception of the love of the world and its idols? Do you see them as in desperate need of a savior? Do you love them enough to share with them the danger they're in? From Matthew 6, 25 to 34, which is talking about anxiety and the need to put it off. Do you desire to help others who are caught up in needless worry, fear, and anxiety?  From Matthew 7, 1 to 5, which talks about judging yourself before you judge others. Do you consider others when you have the sobering task of confronting them and go with a spirit of humility, making sure you're getting the two by four out of your own life? Do you love them enough and consider them enough to follow through long-term and make sure they're making the changes needed to get the speck out of their life? From Matthew 7, 6, which says, do not give holy things to dogs. Do not cast your pearls before swine. Do you consider how it affects others when you hound them day after day? It might be a husband that's unsaved. You desperately want them to know the Lord and so you put scripture verses all over the mirror or you have Christian radio or music playing every day walks in the door. Do you consider this might be driving him further away instead of endearing him to Christ? Now, ladies, obviously, again, these are not the only ways we consider living out the golden rule, but these are the ones mentioned in Jesus' sermon. So we've considered ourselves, and I know I've done it very fast, and we've considered others. But then Jesus says, for this is the law and prophets. Now, before we consider the law and the prophets, we need to define what Jesus is saying. Do you know what he's saying? Do you know the golden rule is basically the sum of what was written in the Old Testament? Everything. Remember, he's already said in the sermon on the Mount, do not think I've come to destroy the law of the prophets. I did not come to destroy, but what? Fulfill, fulfill. Ladies, loving others and doing to them as we want done to us is not something new. It's in the law. It's in the prophets. In fact, James, Jesus' brother, says what? If you really fulfill the law, according to the scripture, thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself, you do what? You do well, right? That's the royal law. Even Paul says this, oh, no man anything, but to love one another, for he that loves one another, what? Fulfills the law, the law. Just a side note here, I'm not sure how our antinomian friends handle these passages. Those that want to do away with the law seem to, in my opinion, have some explaining to do about these New Testament passages. So Jesus says, this is the law and the prophets. Now what is the law? Maybe you're getting hungry. First five books of Moses. Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy. What are the prophets? All the major and minor prophets that we have in the Old Testament. And ladies, if you want to get technical about it and I will get technical about it, do you know the whole word of God can be summed up in loving our neighbor as ourself?  How about Proverbs 25, 21? If your enemy is hungry, give him something to eat, right? If he's thirsty, give him a drink. That sounds like doing unto others, right? Or how about Proverbs 25, 17?  I mean, this is how we want to be treated, right? They say fishing companies stink after three days. So how do I treat someone who I'm staying with, right? How I want to be treated.  So I should do that when I'm in their home. Or Proverbs 25, 8, don't go hastily to court for what will you do in the end? Debate your case with your neighbor. Don't disclose the secret to another. Sounds like loving my neighbor as myself, right? Or how about Proverbs 25, 11? The word fitly spoken is like apples of gold in settings of silver. This is talking about how we speak to each other. We could go on and on. I would encourage you sometime. If you've never read through the Bible or you're wanting something to do, a lot of times I give people assignments as they're reading through the Bible so they can kind of focus. Try reading your Bible from Genesis to Revelation and make note of how the golden rule is lived out or not lived out. I think it'd be shocking. I bet you can find something almost in every single verse, how it's lived out or not lived out. So let's consider the law as we think about living out the golden rule.  But I wanna give you an example of how this would be fleshed out. The classic text is what? In the law. 10 commandments, right? Honor your father and mother.  You know the 10 commandments, right? So take those verses alone. We might ask ourselves this.  Of course you do. I pray that from my two grown children that they will honor me and their dad. Then you don't provoke your kids to wrath and you set the example by honoring your own parents, right? Ladies, how you're treating your parents right now is probably how your kids are gonna treat you when you get old like me. Now we've already dealt with murder and adultery so I'm not gonna deal with that. But how about stealing?  Then don't steal their stuff, right? And that would include not just material things but don't steal their time. Don't steal, don't take something that you've borrowed and not return it. Do you want others to tell you the truth? Then you tell the truth. Do you want people to covet after your belongings? I shall not covet. Your house, your husband, anything that belongs to you then you don't covet their stuff.  Why, so you don't allow sin upon him. Ladies, do you want people to love you enough to confront you when needed? Then you love others enough to confront them when it's needed. Well here's another example from the law, Exodus 23. When you meet your neighbor's donkey or his ox and it's gone astray, bring it back to him, right? Now I had to live with this a few months ago because we moved four years ago, we downsized, and we had one neighbor's dog that continually barked and I wrote a few letters and finally they did something about it after they accused Debbie of poisoning the dog because she was working in my yard. Your gardener has poisoned our dog. Yeah, it sounds like a little sweet Debbie. But anyway, they finally moved away and I was thankful because it was really annoying.  Well, and I'd be trying to study and I was very gracious that my husband and I both work out of the home and it's very difficult. Well, so they moved away. Well, then our next door neighbor's dog started barking. And so anyway, one day I was home and I looked out and he was in our backyard and then he got out in the street and I was sitting there going, okay.  But that was wicked and evil. I knew it was and I remember this. If you see your neighbor's donkey, it doesn't say dog, but then so I called the lady, her name is also Susan. And I said, your dog is out running around. I just thought you might wanna know. Okay, so he gets killed and so anyway, she sent her husband home to put him back in. So would you like for someone to return your things if your dog or your cat or your animal gets out, then you endeavor to find the rightful owner, right? One last one from the law, Deuteronomy 15.  Open your hand and give him what he needs. Ladies, if you were destitute and had nothing to eat or nowhere to live, would you be thankful for someone who would help you? Then you, when you see those who don't have food or shelter, don't harden your heart, help them. So ladies, you see what Jesus is saying? As we live out the golden rule, we consider ourselves, we consider others, we consider the law. And we also consider the prophets and no worries, I'm not gonna go through all the prophets, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Malachi, the Italian prophet. We're not gonna go through all those. But I would encourage you to do that sometime, but let's just take a few of them, okay? Isaiah, major prophet, Isaiah 58. It's not that the fast I've chosen lose the bonds of wickedness, undo heavy burdens, let the oppressed go free, feed the hungry, bring the poor into your house. If someone is naked, cover him. Again, this is very similar, right? We might ask ourselves, do I want others to help me with heavy burdens, feed me or clothe me if I need it? Then you help others with heavy burdens or those who might need food or clothing. Jeremiah, another major prophet, Jeremiah 7. If you thoroughly amend your ways and your doings, if you thoroughly execute judgment between a man and his neighbor, don't oppress the stranger, the fatherless, the widow, don't shed innocent blood, don't walk after other gods to your hurt. Ladies, do you want others to oppress you when you're less fortunate than they are? Then you don't oppress others who are less fortunate than you are. One example from the minor prophets, Micah, Micah 2. Woe to those who devise iniquity and work out evil on their bed. At morning, they practice it because it's in the power of their hand to do it. They covet fields, houses, they take them by violence.  He must have laid on his bed a lot and not just one night, a lot of nights to plan out that massacre. Do you want others to lay in bed at night and think how they can plot out evil towards you the next day? Do you want others to covet after things of yours or oppress you in any way? Then you don't plan evil towards others to carry it out. You don't covet after things or people that are not yours to have and you don't oppress others in any way. So ladies, we can see what Jesus is saying here. It's really pretty simple. Basically, he's saying in Matthew 712 that it's not just a sermon on the Mount that is a gauge of how we are to fulfill the golden rule but in reality, the whole of Scripture, all of it. In fact, we have this interesting account in Matthew 22 when a member of Lawyer came to Jesus and test him. Teacher, what's the greatest commandment in the law? You know what Jesus said?  This is the first and the second commandment. And then he said, what? On all these hang, what? The law and the prophets on these two commandments. Ladies, no wonder Jesus says in the upper room discourse, this is how people will know we're his disciples if we what, love each other, love each other. So if we're not loving other and treating others the way that we'd like to be treated then we're not fulfilling the law and we're not being a true representation of Christ. Ladies, the golden rule is really simple. It's really simple. What would you like others to do for you? Then you do that for them. Practically speaking, we can ask ourselves questions as we go throughout our day that will help us. Questions like this, is this the tone of voice that I would like for my husband or my friend to use when talking to me? Then you don't talk to your husband in a wrong tone of voice. Would you like someone to be habitually late when they meet with you? Then don't be late when you meet with others. Would you like someone to ignore your phone call or text? Then don't ignore their phone call or their text. Would you like someone to gossip and slander about you? Then you don't gossip and slander about others. Would you like for your house guests to clean up after themselves? Then you clean up after yourself when you're someone's house guest. Would you like your husband to give you his full attention when you talk to him?  Ladies, can you imagine if the golden rule were obeyed in our nation's politicians how it would affect our whole world? As mentioned in the opening, we might see God's blessing once again in our nation. Can you imagine if the golden rule were obeyed in our homes how it would affect our family? It might be a touch of heaven at home, might it? Can you imagine if the golden rule were lived out in our schools? We would no longer have school bullies, school shootings, and all the other numerous problems that are in the public school system. Can you imagine if the golden rule were lived out in the workplace, how it would affect business? We would do away with lying in the workplace, cheating in the workplace, being lazy in the workplace, which is a huge problem, being sexually immoral in the workplace. And what about your driving?  I'm telling you. Can you imagine if you had practiced the golden rule in traffic? You would no longer cut people off in traffic or honk your horn in anger. And can you imagine if we obeyed the golden rule in our churches how it would affect the body of Christ? We would no longer have church splits, gossip, slander in the church, jealousy, envy in the church, but we would have people who love each other, consider each other as more important than themselves and do to them what they would like done to themselves. Ladies, we can all quote the golden rule, can't we? But can we live it? Let's endeavor to do so with our master's help. Let's pray. Lord, forgive us where we have failed to do unto others as we would like done to us. I know the words of my mom's friend has haunted me since March when she says I feared to talk to your mother about her soul because I would lose the friendship. And Lord, that certainly is not doing to someone else as we would like done to us if our soul was in danger of hellfire. So Lord, help us to think of this as we go throughout our day, even today at lunch and the remainder of our day, this evening and throughout the week. Is this how I would like to be spoken to? Is this how I would like to be treated? Is this how I would like to be thought about? And to bother, to really look at the other person, how would they like to be treated? And then Father be willing to deny ourselves and take up our cross and follow you because you certainly treated others the way they needed to be treated. And so help us to follow your example in this Lord and give us the grace we know apart from your spirit in this constant reminder, we become so selfish and so self-focused. And we love ourself, that's the problem. So Father, help us to love our neighbor as we love ourself. And by doing this, to live out this command, to do to them as we like done to us. And I ask this for Jesus' sake and his glory, amen.


So, in this lecture, we will look at or we will work out a few examples involving flow of steam through a nozzle. The first example reads like this, steam at a pressure of 600 kPa and drainage fraction 0.9 in a steam chest expands through a conversion nozzle having a throat area of 0.002 meter square into a region maintained at A 400 kPa and B 300 kPa. In each case, determine the exit pressure, exit velocity and the mass flow rate. So, with the given information of P naught equal to 600 kPa and X equal to 0.9, we can get the specific volume at the stagnation state to be V0 equal to 0.2845 S0 and S0 equal to 6.2771 from the steam table. Now, X1 is given to be 0.9, so that means the index of expansion, so index of expansion is going to be 1.035 times, I am sorry, plus 0.1 times X1, so 1.035 plus 0.1 times 0.9 and this comes out to be 1.125. So, the index of expansion is 1.125 and P star may be evaluated using the expression that was given earlier, you may recall that P star is equal to 2 over n plus 1 raised to the power n over n minus 1. So, for this value of n, P star is equal to 347.7 kilopascal. Since, now for case A, since the given ambient pressure is greater than the sonic state, I mean the pressure corresponding to sonic state at the exit of the nozzle, the flow is not choked and the exit pressure P is the same as the ambient pressure. So, this is very important. We need to evaluate P star in the case of a convergent nozzle, definitely we need to evaluate P star, compare that with the ambient pressure and then determine whether the nozzle is choked or not. So, since the nozzle is not choked, the flow at the exit of the nozzle is subsonic, which means the exit pressure is equal to the ambient pressure. So, we may evaluate the specific volume and exit using this expression and the enthalpy drop between the stagnation chamber and the exit may be evaluated using the expression that we derived before like this, all the values on the right hand side are known. So, we get the velocity to be, velocity at the exit to be 368 meter per second and the mass flow rate through the nozzle may be evaluated since the area at the exit is given, mass flow rate will be evaluated using this expression m dot equal to Ae times Ve divided by specific volume at exit and it comes out to be 1.804 kg per second. Now, the same analysis can also be done in couple of different ways. One is using the molier chart, which I am not going to present, but the other one is to simply continue to use the steam tables. For example, we can do something like this. So, let us say that this is a TS diagram. So, the stagnation pressure is given to be 600 kPa and the dryness fraction is 0.9. So, this we can label as state 0. So, dryness fraction is 0.9. So, now this steam undergoes isentropic expansion. The final pressure alone is not known. So, once we know the final pressure, once we know the final pressure 347, I am sorry, 400 kilopascal, we need to determine the exit pressure. For that alone, we need to know the index of expansion. For all the other things, we can use either the expressions that we derived earlier or the steam table can be used. So, for determining the value of P star alone, at least in the case of convergent nozzle, we need to, even in the case of divergent nozzle also, convergent divergent also, we need to determine the value for P star using the expression that we derived before, this expression here that we derived before. For that alone, we require the value of N. So, once we make the determination that P is 400 kilopascal, the steam undergoes isentropic expansion to an exit state E like this, 400 kilopascal. The specific entropy S0 is known. So, Se equal to S0. So, using this value and the fact that the pressure is known, the dryness fraction at the exit may be evaluated. So, with these two pairs of properties P comma Se, we may determine Xe and He. So, from which we may evaluate H0 minus He and V can also be calculated, Ve may be calculated using the expression that is given here. So, for calculating P star alone, we require the value of N. Let us go to case B. In this case, the ambient pressure is less than the critical value. So, the region or the ambient pressure is 300 kilopascal, which is less than the critical value of 347.7 kilopascal. So, the nozzle is choked and the exit pressure Pe is equal to P star. So, using these expressions, we may evaluate the enthalpy drop from which we can calculate the exit velocity as 425 meter per second. The specific volume may also be evaluated in the same manner and the mass flow rate in this case comes out to be 1.84 kg per second. So, this is the maximum mass flow rate that the nozzle can pass provided we are adjusting the mass flow rate by changing the downstream pressure. Now, notice that since the nozzle is choked in this case, the exit velocity may be calculated either by using the enthalpy drop or by using the fact that the exit velocity is equal to the speed of sound. So, I may also use this expression square root of N times P exit times V exit to calculate the exit velocity which again comes out to be the same 425 meter per second. Alternatively, I may evaluate for this case also. So, let me just extend this. So, for this case also, so this pressure would become 347.7 kilopascal and the exit state would be equal to this. So, we follow the same procedure as before to evaluate. So, PE is known, SE is known, Xe may be evaluated, enthalpy at exit, enthalpy drop, then exit velocity. The advantage with this approach is that you do not have to remember any of these expressions. The only expression that you need to remember would be this one here, the expression for P star. So, apart from this, of course, N also has to be calculated but this is based on, this procedure is based on whatever you have learnt already in the first level course itself actually as a matter of fact. So, it would be relatively straightforward, you know, there is not too many things that are different from before. Of course, remember this expression itself comes from SFE, right? So, nothing new there also. But I leave it up to you to decide which method you want to use because the third method which I have not discussed here is the one that uses the Moliage chart. So, there you can do all these things. So, looking up, so locating the state in the Moliage chart is the same as what we do with the TS diagram. You can look up the value of Xe, enthalpy can be located, retrieved directly from the Moliage chart and so on. Once that is available, you can calculate the rest of the quantities. Let us go to the next example. Dry saturated steam enters a convergent nozzle at a static pressure of 500 kPa and is expanded to 300 kPa. So, the exit pressure is given. If the inlet and throat diameters are 0.05 and 0.025 meters respectively, determine the velocity at the inlet and the exit and the stagnation pressure. So, TS diagram for this case would look like this. This is 500 kPa, 300 kPa. So, dry saturated steam. So, this is state 1 is expanded. So, this is the exit state E. So, given that P1 equal to 500 kPa and the steam is saturated vapor, we may retrieve the following values V1, H1 and S1 from the steam table. So, the index of expansion may also be calculated using Zunus formula as 1.135. Now, in this particular problem, the question of determining P star does not arise because the exit pressure is given to us. So, we do not have to do that. So, if you proceed in this manner, then you can evaluate the exit specific volume using this expression. The enthalpy drop may be evaluated using this expression, which is equal to Ve square minus V1 square over 2 and mass flow rates at the inlet and exit are the same. So, we may relate V1 and Ve like this. So, if you plug this into this expression, we may evaluate exit velocity as 436.6 meter per second. And so, it follows that the inlet velocity is 69.6 meter per second. Notice that in this case, the problem statement, it is not given that the steam is expanded from a steam chest. In fact, we are asked to determine the inlet velocity as well as the inlet stagnation pressure. So, which means that the velocity at inlet to the convergent nozzle is finite and not equal to 0. Now, the speed of sound at the exit may be evaluated to be 447.4 using the expression square root of n times Pe times Ve. So, we may evaluate the stagnation enthalpy. Since the inlet velocity is known, inlet specific enthalpy is also known, we may evaluate the stagnation enthalpy like this. And S0 is also known because the stagnation process is an isentropic process. So, we go up like this. So, this is state 0. So, S0 is known, S0 is known with these two property values, we can get the stagnation pressure to be 507 kilopascal from the steam table. Now, for this value of P0, once we have P0 using the expression that we derived earlier, this one, we may evaluate P star to be 294 kilopascal. So, the given exit pressure is higher than this value confirming that the flow is not choked. The next example, and it is like this steam at 700 kPa, 250 degree Celsius in a steam chest expands through a nozzle to a final pressure of 100 kPa. As flow rate is 0.076 kg per second, determine if the nozzle is convergent or convergent divergent, the throat diameter, exit diameter, the dryness fraction at the exit. Assume the expansion process to be isentropic and in equilibrium throughout. So, since pressure and temperature are given, we know that the steam in the chest is superheated and we may retrieve these property values from the table. Since the steam is initially superheated, the index of expansion is 1.3 and the critical pressure in this case is 380 kilopascal. Since the steam is expanded to a final pressure of 100 kPa, this means that the nozzle has to be convergent divergent. Remember, when it is said that the steam is expanded to a final pressure, that means that is the pressure with which the steam leaves the nozzle, that is the exit pressure. So, the exit pressure is given. So, since the exit pressure is 100 kPa and the critical pressure is 380, that means that the fluid undergoes further expansion in the nozzle. So, if we were to sketch the situation, it would look something like this. So, the stagnation pressure here is 700 kPa. So, the critical pressure P star is equal to 380 kPa. Now, the steam is expanded to a final pressure of 100 kilopascal. So, that means that the further expansion to be possible in this case, the nozzle has to be a convergent divergent nozzle. So, that P is equal to 100 kPa. It cannot be expanded in a convergent nozzle beyond a pressure of 380 kPa. For the given stagnation pressure, it cannot be expanded in a convergent nozzle beyond 380 kPa. That is very important. In fact, that is something that we have said here also. So, in this case, again, it is given that the nozzle, the steam is expanded to a pressure of 300 kilopascal. Critical pressure is 294 kilopascal. So, it means that this means that the flow can be expanded in a convergent nozzle itself and the flow is not choked at the exit. The flow does not become choked until the exit pressure reaches this value for the given value of stagnation pressure. So, the same logic is applicable here as well. So, we infer from this that the nozzle is convergent divergent. So, with N equal to 1.3, we may evaluate V star equal to this. Now, this assumes that the flow is superheated at the throat. The steam is, I am sorry, the steam is superheated at the throat. So, we may evaluate V star and the velocity at the throat which is equal to the speed of sound and the throat area to be this from the given mass flow rate. So, the mass flow rate is given as 0.076 kg per second. So, from the given mass flow rate, we may evaluate the throat area and enhance the throat diameter like this. Now, you have to remember in this case, so the steam is initially superheated 700 kilopascal, state 0, 700 kilopascal and 250 degree Celsius. So, the steam now expands isentropically to a final pressure 100 kPa. This is the exit state. Expansion is isentropic. The sonic state is somewhere here that has been assumed and we have proceeded with our analysis based on that. So, this is the point where the process line crosses the saturated vapor line. Let us label this as G. Let me use a slightly different color for this. So, that is the point at which or pressure at which the process line crosses the saturated vapor line. And that the pressure there may be evaluated simply by using the fact that SG is equal to S0. And if you go to the table with this value of SG, you may you should be able to retrieve the fact that PG is equal to 212 kPa. So, the enthalpy drop from the stagnation state up to this state takes place in the superheated region. So, we may evaluate the enthalpy drop for this part of the process, the specific volume at G and then calculate the velocity at this point when it crosses into the two-phase region to be 701.14 meter per second. Now remember, we evaluated P star to be 380 kilopascal. And since PG is 212 kilopascal, our assumption that the flow is superheated at the throat is actually valid. So, this is 380. So, once the flow crosses the saturated vapor line, N is equal to 1.135. So, now we consider expansion from state G to state E. So, the enthalpy drop between HG and HE may be evaluated like this and the specific volume at exit may also be evaluated like this. But VE now has to be evaluated the slightly different expression. This we obtained from steady flow energy equation because the velocity is finite and actually quite high at state G. And so V exit may has to be evaluated like this and comes out to be 864 meter per second. And using the given mass flow rate, we may evaluate the exit diameter to be 13.5 mm. Now we know VE, we know PE. So, we may evaluate the dryness fraction at the exit to be 0.96 from the steam table. Or we can alternatively if you wish to use the steam tables for the analysis, you may proceed in the same manner as before. So, S0, S0 and V0 are all known from the given stagnation state. So, we can then exit pressure is given. So, with the given value, so SE is equal to S0, PE is also known. So, with these two property values, we may evaluate XE, HE and the specific volume VE. And then the exit velocity VE may be evaluated using the enthalpy drop from 0 to E. And we may also evaluate the exit diameter using the given mass flow rate. However, for evaluating the throat diameter, we need to use, we need to calculate the value for P star and then evaluate the same manner, the velocity and other properties there. So, you may use steam tables to do this calculation or you may also use this expression, both are equally acceptable. Only thing is for evaluating P star, you need to use the expression that we have derived before. So, in this case, if you do that, then with P star known and S star also known. Remember, S star is equal to, so P star is known, S star equal to S0 is also known. So, from this, we can then evaluate using these two properties. Since it is still in the superheated region, quantities such as H star and V star may be evaluated from the superheated tables. So, once H star is known, using the enthalpy drop from H0 to H star, V star may be evaluated. And once a specific volume is known and the mass flow rate is given, the throat diameter may also be evaluated. Let us see how this is done. So, from the given steam chest condition, we may evaluate H0 and S0. Pressure of the throat alone has to be evaluated using the expression that we gave before and after assuming that P star or the fluid, I am sorry, the steam is still superheated at the throat section. So, we get P star to be 3IT. So, S star is equal to S0 and with the pressure and S star, we can go to the table and retrieve V star and H star. So, the velocity at the throat may be evaluated from SFE using this expression and the throat diameter may be evaluated using the fact that V star is known. We have retrieved it from the steam table. V star has been retrieved from the steam table. So, the throat diameter may be evaluated. Now, exit pressure is known, I mean specific enthalpy at the exit is also known and the fluid at the exit is a saturated mixture. So, the dryness fraction Xe may be evaluated as 0.96 from which we can get He and Ve from the steam table. And so, we may now evaluate Ve based on the enthalpy drop between state 0 and state E and similarly for the exit diameter. So, I find that in class many students actually like to use the tables for doing the calculations because they are very comfortable using the tables and the only expression that you have to remember is the one for evaluating N and the one for evaluating P star. So, once you have to remember only those two expressions, once you know those two everything else can be done either using the table or using the molier chart. So, this concludes not only this module but also the course. I hope that you found the lectures to be useful and it improved your understanding hopefully to a great extent, at least you know to a small extent. And if you have any feedback, please feel free to communicate them to me through the NPTEL site. Thank you.


So we're finally learning more about this Fisher Tiger, and the more I learn about him, the more I'm just like those fishmen island just breed jigga chads like him and Jim Bae? Apparently! You know what else it also makes? Arlong! And Hordy Jones! Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back to the channel, my name is Jack the Buster, I am Shinobi, I'm checking out more One Piece today, we're in Fishmen Island, and it's kind of chaotic, but we're learning more and more about Fisher Tiger and what happened with Arlong and Jim Bae back in the day. I'm excited to get into this one because I love these lore dumps of just backstory, if you're new to the channel, don't forget to drop us up and let's get started. Yeah, it's like he's happy that he freed them, but... Fisher Tiger inherently represents the fishmen and what they stand for, whatever he does then. Scream from his soul. Geez, man. Oh, about him attacking. Throwing in alone! So once he had his crew, did they just start going everywhere and like freeing people? So she took action at the same time. This is the white beard flag. Yeah. And she has such a bright vision for the future. Ah, so that divided Fishmen Island alone. Fisher Tiger actually like fighting for them, like, actively, they saw more action. 7-11-15. Now it's 16 years from then, and it's still bad, unfortunately. Man. Little Hortie! Oh yeah, this is his crew now. Oh my gosh. Is that inherently what they were doing though? They were just running around, just destroying humans? So they got this certain idea in their head of what the Sunpires were, but is that what they were? They more wanted to just take action and free people, show that Fishmen weren't to be just like run over. Dude, their ship looks so cool. Who is this goofball? Their ship kind of looks like an alternate version of Whitebeard's Moby Dick. Kind of the same shape. They couldn't fight against Fishmen. God, dude, Fishmen would be absolutely terrifying for the Marines.  God, dang, the sheer strength of that, like, they're stronger than regular humans.  Like I said, I think Hortie Jones, like those kids, like the new Fishmen got the wrong idea, but also Arlong started to break off from the Sunpires at some point and form his own ideologies about just destroying all humans too. It's like they branched in different ways. Yeah, let's know what you're saying. Return these slaves. It's like, Jinbei's like frustrated that they just don't understand. Yeah. Ah, Jinbei was kind of leaning more towards Arlong's side at this point, I feel like. God, dude, what a unit. Just chucked him off board.  Dang. It means so much more now. Dude, the fact that, like, oh my gosh, back at Arlong Park, we saw that symbol. It's nuts, man. They're not slaves. It's gone. How much that means now? He spares them.  The Fisher Tiger's main goal was still just freeing people. He was teaching them a lesson. Yeah. Arlong was hard. Oh, Arlong was already way past where Fisher Tiger was. Holy. Oh, Kizaru! Oh, he's in Borsalina. Oh, shoot. I recognize that voice. Look at him. He doesn't even have the yellow suit yet. The gold. This is his biggest tiger. This biggest tiger? Am I stupid? So Fisher Tiger was trying to be better. He was trying. And Arlong heavily disagreed. So why would Jinbei send him out to East Blue, then, knowing how dangerous he was just to get him away from Fishman Island?  God dang. What are you doing? And Jinbei still agreed with Fisher Tiger. So he did branch off eventually. Like, even though Jinbei was, or even though Arlong was led by him, Arlong completely disagreed. I thought Fisher Tiger eventually fell into like, yeah, we should just kill humans. But no, he was straight up just like, no, we just free. And we're still trying to bridge that gap, sort of like Oda Hime. Again, the question is, what happened to him and Oda Hime? We know Oda Hime got assassinated, but why, who, how? Is there important in questions? He's trying to be the bigger person, despite all the death and everything he's seen. He's even hiding in my mind. What, giving in, just saying, no, humans don't deserve anything. So if he's listening very intently, as he should. So they were fighting physically. She was trying to, like, word, trying to change people's minds about it. Man, she tried so hard and people just didn't follow her. Oh, what was Jim base bounty? What was Fisher Tiger's bounty, bro? 230 million, 76 million. His first bounty. That young girl. 12 years ago. Oh. Who is this? She looks so happy. Oh, so they want to just one of them take her home? Koala? Oh, it's because she's a human that they look at her like that. Okay. That makes more sense. Look how happy she is just to be there. Oh, my God.  I would think that's why she smiles. It's like children like a blank canvas. Oh, my God. Oh, Lord feels pretty bad now. She's scared of them like they were scared of humans whenever they were kids. The pendulum swung and it swung hard. I guess, yeah, she was also a slave. God dang, dude, it's a child. She just smiles. Still bleeding. You go and protect her. He brand her? Oh. Rid her of being a slave. But she wouldn't understand that. Maybe until much later. I mean, was he inherently saving her by doing that? The way she sat up. I didn't cry. Please don't go. Oh, my gosh. This is so sad. What are you going to do? Watch over there. Oh, the smile broke. Nah, she's still kind of, that he doesn't want to have to fight, especially when there's no enemies here. God, he was, he was adamant. This kid was like a direct example of him trying to end this cycle of hatred. The world didn't deserve Fisher Tiger or Queen Oda Hime. And all along, he's not convinced in the slightest nothing would. Did she actually cry? God, dude, the societal themes here just get deeper and deeper. And man, seeing who Fisher Tiger is, it's just, ugh. It makes my heart hurt to see that the world is just as bad, if not worse, 16 years later, knowing that despite how hard they tried to bridge this gap with him and Oda Hime, that the same relationship still exists between fishermen and humans to this day. Okay, I believe 542 is Fillworth's week. A 543. How much time went by? The former slave girl. Aw. They got her clothes and everything, man. Aw. Yeah, she needs to be with her mom. Bro. It's still, like, embedded in her. Yeah. Aladdin? Yep. Just gotta take time. God dang, dude! She's a child. She's pure. She doesn't know that hatred. Oh, no. I mean, realistically, they might, actually, yeah. Unfortunately. That doesn't mean they can't try to be better.  And that's what he went on to do in East Blue. Took them and used them. Jinbei putting it in perspective. Also possible, yeah. She's got the smile on her face. You don't know someone you can actually feel, though. He didn't know any. Yeah, he's like, oh, yeah, Oda Hime, yeah. She's still, she's going for the same goal just a different way. Aww. Aw, she's so adorable, bro. Arlong was just the one that he couldn't, the fish tiger couldn't get. Everybody else was ready to follow him in that way. They all dropped their blades and weapons and everything. Little snowmen. I'm not ready for whatever happens, man.  How Jinbei sent Arlong off. What happened to the fish or tiger? What happened to Oda Hime? Oh, it's just like I know the predicament we're in now. Full shout island.  And how long did it take them? Just back home. Aww. They start this new cycle. One person, but it'd be just, you try your best to cover as much ground as you can. That's what fish or tiger is trying to do alongside literally freeing slaves. Like I said, the same objective as Oda Hime is just a different path. It makes him nervous. Oh my gosh, my heart. He just sees it as a waste of time. Cause it's something. It's more than nothing. Oh man. I feel like they're going to see fish or tiger just be scared though. Or maybe they'll see direct like impact from him bringing her back. They literally took her all across the ocean. Just to get her home. This entire crew. Yup, there it is. He literally brought her back. You can't be serious. Don't even thank him. He just turns and leaves. God dang it.  Uncle tiger. Blocking their shoes, live with them. My heart just cracks. When you grow up, you'll be different. You won't think the way they do. No! Rear Admiral Shrop? What is this hair? Someone on the- They got tips off. There's no way bro. What even is a rear admiral? The rifle property. Oh my god. There's no way. It was a setup man.    And our along's just going to be like I told you guys. See? There's no point. He's literally just proving our along's point. This is where they completely split. And where our Fisher Tiger dies. That doesn't look like- It looks kind of like Barathe. Yay. That's what I thought. I think they already shot him down bro. He doesn't even get like last words or anything. He's like executed him. He needs to bring him back safely so that I can show you I was right. The sad part is the harder they fight their way out of it. The worst Fishmen look just- They just- The Marines and the Navy and just humans are getting what they want. Oh never mind god damn! Yeah he just has to fight his way out. What else is he to do?  Cause Fishmen are so much stronger than humans. I can't with the strawberry dude's hair bro. It's fired over and over and over again. Oh my god. Man. Wala never even knew. So heartbreaking man. Damn! Clash of Titans. Oh. Well they rescued him. Oh! Took a Navy ship. Oh he didn't fall there. Oh. He just let himself die? Oh this is just like Saudi for real. Yeah. But he didn't want to transfusion with human blood. Is it like symbolic? Oh my god. Oh he flipped to the very end. Seeing that he lost all hope. Like Toronto Fort. Oh. What? What happened? He said humans. He saw humans. Huh?  That's why he was so focused on her. Over anyone else. Don't take blood. Don't do anything. He didn't switch at all. He just wanted them to take the brunt of the damage. Not what the humans think any differently. Damn. The devil inside him telling him that it's not worth. God damn. That's all I wanted. Damn. So when he died it just tore them apart. And that he did. Again I said it's even sadder that 16 years later not that much has changed if anything. He literally could have been saved. I think the most interesting part about the whole thing is like this devil inside him and how conflicted he felt despite wanting good. It would be so easy for them to make your tiger like this all great fish man where he's like no we should want peace and that's what we should fight for. And he does that. But he's honest that there's a part of him that's like no these humans are horrible to us. They treat us horribly. I literally saw it firsthand being a slave and we should just live on our own. We should be our own sort of community. I think it's so much it's such good writing. That's one small detail is that devil inside him and the fact that he didn't take the blood. Because it's almost unrealistic if he were to be so headstrong and knowing that what he was doing was right.  Arlong's doing what's easier inherently. They're all going through it the same way. But Arlong just submits to just murdering everyone even if they have nothing to do with the oppression that is put upon them. Jembe is the one that's fighting harder. Oda Hime is the one that's fighting harder trying to find a world where everybody can be together. It's so interesting man. The societal issues this archive has have hit me like a brick wall man. It is nuts. But guys that has been it for my reaction to One Piece today. I even got teary eyed. Teary eyed whenever Fisher Tiger was leaving Kuala. My goodness. If you're new to the channel don't forget to drop a sub and I'll catch you guys in the next one. Peace, peace.


Dear UPU colleagues, we are very happy and honoured to be once again amongst the top three countries in the UPU ranking. So thanks to the UPU experts who have conducted this very comprehensive and valuable study and I think that reliability, reach, relevance and resilience are exactly the attributes a modern postal operator has to have. The last couple of months under the circumstances of the COVID-19 crisis have been very challenging for us as postal operators. But they have also shown that we as postal operators are really critical for society but also for the economies in our countries. So therefore it's very important that we as postal operators drive quality, drive innovation and also digitalisation. Two examples from this year of Deutsche Post in Germany for digitalisation was that we launched a service called digital notification of letters and also real-time track and trace for parcels. But those are only two examples for digital services we as postal operators can initiate to improve the quality for our customers. But we shouldn't only focus on the quality in our domestic networks, we should also work collectively together within the UPU framework to improve customer satisfaction in our global network to drive innovation collectively within the UPU. Happy World Post Day.


okay good morning and welcome everyone so all the on-campus students have you settled fine we'll get started okay and welcome to the online students as well okay so we have some comments here where you're saying the audio is not very clear is it better now okay it's fine now sure then let's proceed we will pray and then move ahead would one of the students like to lead them prayer please anyone any volunteers okay there's a volunteer behind you hello yeah have any father thank you very much for gathering us all here today any father we bless this any father guide us in the thank you thank you so in the last class if you would recall we talked about traveling okay and we said before that we talked about persistence so while there are answers to prayer which may be immediate in many situations sometimes there is a need for us to labour and the results don't come unless we spend that kind of time and that kind of intimate intense time with the Lord so there is a place for both some answers some outcomes are quite quick whereas for some others we have to be persistent we've seen how Elijah though there was a promise of God's word over his life he's still prayed and without that kind of prayer I don't think the answer would have come to him so both are applicable in our lives and we need the prompting of the Holy Spirit to guide us sometimes what we tend to do is we give up because we think God is not answering my prayer or I'm not in the will of God or you know we come up with some conclusion for why we don't have the answer but it might simply mean that the prayer request falls in the category of persistence okay and not just persistence we saw the value of um traveling or laboring in birth so when we look at the example of apostle Paul you know he says that I laboured more abundantly than any of the apostles so not just in hard work but even in prayer so there were things which were a part of his ministry that came to fruition or that that happened only after engaging intensely in prayer with God so we saw how he said in Galatians 419 that you know I laboured to you know birth see Christ birthed in you so there is a hard work so to speak that we have to do in prayer and it's only when we put in that kind of a time and effort and energy into it's called laboring or working in prayer that we can see the results now we might have many questions why do we have to pray why can't the word God said it it's powerful why can't it just happen now we don't know all the reasons why one of course is timing because we said that there are certain requests that will come through only in God's appointed time okay we talked about the kairos and there are many other reasons you know there can be demonic hindrances maybe when we are praying the the hindrances are overcome or it could be that you know the the growth of character which we are expecting can happen only through this kind of sowing in prayer so there are many reasons why it might take longer than what we have you know thought it would but we choose to work or the word labour is used or we also talked about how a mother who's giving birth she labors and she travails and we saw the example of Israel that you know she gave birth immediately even before the midwives could come she gave birth immediately so what God is saying is he's saying that when we travel we do our part there will be a time in a season where the answers will come quickly at that time you would look at it and say oh it happened suddenly or quickly or immediately but the point is labour has gone in and we must be willing to labour and we said especially when it comes to salvation you know some of our family members loved ones or salvation of you know our state our city we might look at people who've been praying for so many years and wonder what is this so many people are praying but we haven't seen you know whatever revival or people turning in large numbers to the Lord but we join the labour okay now we don't know how and when God is going to release the answers but we join the labour without the labour going in we cannot expect to see the results so you know just begin to work with the Lord and you know we saw how there were some people their life examples like father mash you know we saw how they they cried out to God they spent you know many days of their life just in the presence of God crying out and we could see the results that through the crusades many people were actually saved so there is a value in labouring and travelling and it must be a part of our lives it must be a part of our lives now certain aspects yes you know all these spiritual things salvation healing for all that we travel maybe in our own personal lives there could be certain matters that you know we have come before the we've brought it to the Lord but it's taking so much time we know that it's in the will of God but you know it's a struggle sometimes you're wondering why is this not happening I'm praying for people but you know they are getting the answers they are getting healed but in my own personal life I'm not getting a breakthrough in you know whatever certain situations but the right thing to do is just labour just labour you never know you know what's the right time that God would release the breakthrough okay so now that is the value of labouring and travelling now today we will talk a little bit more about intercession but intercession as a ministry so we talked about you know what intercession is we said that Jesus when he hung on the cross that was an act of intercession we no longer need to do that act of intercession because as the book of Hebrews says there was only one sacrifice complete perfect sacrifice which was made for our salvation and that is the Lord Jesus Christ so that is done that's a done deal on the this side of the cross our responsibility is to pray and Jesus also said right he also said and you will pray and you know you you will receive when you ask in my name so he indicated that believers will pray so we can pray for us that's which we simply term as prayer but we can also pray for others which is what we term as intercession so when one goes before the Lord for somebody else that is intercession okay so today we are looking at intercession as a ministry what is ministry you think what do you think ministry is what is ministry it's a question even for our online students so you can type it in the chat what is ministry okay how God uses us to minister to others what is minister serving okay very good so ministry is service okay even if you look up the Greek words where you have this ministry term it simply means service okay so we are here to serve others that is the meaning of ministry if somebody says I am in ministry basically what you're doing is you're you're in the service of God you are in the service of his people that is what ministry means so today we are looking at yeah so one comment here also says serving okay just in thanks just in for that today we're looking at how we can serve others through prayer now serving people let's say through you know preaching or you know take anything else through maybe music some of us we may not have that aptitude we may not be built for you know preaching or all of you are so musical I always appreciate whenever I come to bible college I'm like wow every one of you is so talented whenever we hear you know you guys are singing and playing on your instruments but you know I don't know if I can serve like that because I don't have the aptitude for it but here is something that everyone can do and we all have the aptitude for this kind of ministry and that is prayer everyone can do it no matter which age you know what our age is we could be much very old in our age we could be a little child okay we could be anywhere in between but here is a ministry or service that everyone can be involved in and this ministry is the ministry of prayer now we might ask the question yeah we pray for others but how is it ministry okay how is it how can you classify it with all all the other things that people do you know being an apostle being a prophet being this and that and serving in their ways that is ministry how can prayer be ministry but you know you see in scripture that prayer is very much something that we can do in service for others now others may know that we are praying for them or others may never know that we are praying for them so in that sense it's a ministry you know in which we have to be very secure in ourselves you know sometimes when we come up to the pulpit and we preach there are many people they will come and say oh pastor you spoke so well when you said that it touched my heart and you know you get appreciation sometimes when you're in front of people or you're leading in worship people will come and applaud they'll say oh how beautifully you sang it was so anointed this and that but when we pray nobody may even know that we have prayed right but it's a very selfless service okay are we willing to do that service where we may never get applause from people so you have to be very secure in your identity in Christ yes sometimes people may recognize sometimes you get to meet the people that you're praying for and you might say I was praying for you or something then you get an appreciation or a thank you oh thank you so much God has worked in my life but what if you never let people know right that you have prayed for them and what if they never say thank you never appreciate are you okay would you still pray but that is the question so the ministry of prayer is a ministry thank you Kiran ministry of prayer is a ministry in which we have to determine before God that Lord I'm serving in this way it's for your glory it's not so that people would recognize me in fact I think for every ministry we should have that heart isn't it it's not about pleasing people but it is more about pleasing the heart of God so this is a very special ministry which is to pray for people now in the New Testament there is a particular person by the name of Epiphras who had a ministry of an intercessor or his ministry itself was prayer so now we have to understand you know there are levels of ministry for example when we prophesy okay all believers can prophesy to you know some extent but we talk about the grace gift of prophecy where there are some people who are in the ministry prophetic ministry okay so they have God's grace on their lives to have that prophetic ministry so that's another level all believers can prophesy but there are some people who have a prophetic ministry and there are some people who are in the office of the prophet so we we term them as prophets okay we don't term others as prophets but we term the people who are in the office of a prophet as prophets so you see there are levels so in the same way everyone can pray but there are some people who have the ministry of prayer okay are you understanding what I'm saying yeah so some people have the ministry of prayer so in the Bible this person known as Epiphras you know he had the ministry of prayer where did you know this this person come to know the Lord and you know start to serve God so we see in Paul's missionary journeys we noticed that he went around strengthening churches and during his third missionary journey he spent a lot of time in a city called as Ephesus and over there he spent about three years and we read that he was given a space you know like a Bible college like this so Paul was given a space where he could run a school and he could train up people just like you any people were coming to Ephesus from the surrounding regions and Paul was teaching the word of God he was teaching the word of God and equipping you know people who came there so Epiphras was one of those men who had attended Paul's school and he was from a place called as Colosse so that is who Epiphras is and you know there's a little bit which is mentioned about Epiphras we will okay we will read the scriptures in a moment and we also see that Paul writes a letter to the Colossians okay he writes a letter to the Colossians there are different churches Chorontians you know church in Thessalonica, Thessalonians, Philippians there are many different churches so Paul writes a letter to the Colossians they are the Colossian church and the person who most likely who started this church is Epiphras he's the one okay so you see that he's a wonderful minister of God and he came from the church of Colosse and also we see that when Paul was imprisoned Epiphras came and you know he spent time with Paul so this is this is who Epiphras is and there are a few things that Paul writes about Epiphras in the book of Colossians so could somebody read Colossians 4 versus 12 and 13 and then one more person can read Colossians 1 and verse 7 so we look at these scriptures and then discuss a little bit more okay Vimal Mike please okay you're going to read it okay fine go ahead Epiphras who is one of you a born servant of Christ greets you always laboring fervently for you in prayers that you may stand perfect and complete in all the will of God for I bear with him witness that he has a great zeal for you and those who are in Laodicea and those in Hierapolis okay Colossians 1 7 anyone you learned of God's grace from Epiphras our dear fellow servant who is Christ faithful worker on our behalf okay great so thank you for reading these verses Colossians 4 verses 12 and 13 there's a mention of Epiphras because Epiphras is with Paul and Paul is imprisoned that's the time when Paul is writing to the Colossian church and he makes a mention of his coworker Epiphras so he says Epiphras who is one of you who is a Colossian a born servant of Christ greets you always laboring fervently for you in prayers so you notice what is he saying about Epiphras he's not saying he's praying for you but he's using the terms he is always laboring fervently so through prayer there is some hard work that somebody needed to do and Epiphras is the one who is doing it he is laboring fervently for you meaning he's interceding for you in prayers that you may stand perfect and complete in all the will of God verse 13 for I bear him witness that he has a great zeal for you and those who are in Laudicia and those in Herapolis okay so many nice things we can learn from this I will share with you you know what term we understand from this so you notice the term a born servant of Christ Epiphras a born servant of Christ is used now if you read many of Paul's letters he calls himself also you know I'm a born servant of Christ but who was Paul like his you know his his ministry gift like what offices do you think he stood in preaching yeah so can we say apostle yes isn't it so that was a prophecy over his life and all that so Paul an apostle and a born servant of Christ usually the term born servant was used for somebody who's in you know that kind of a position but see what Paul is saying about Epiphras he's saying Epiphras a born servant of Christ so basically what it tells us is that there is an honor which Paul placed on an individual who was an intercessor okay so should intercessors be valued should they be honored yes look at Paul he is using a term comparative to what was used for like you know apostles born servant of Christ and that's what he uses to describe Epiphras so there's great value you know for an intercessor what else laboring fervently okay laboring for fervently laboring fervently tells me that he was not casually praying there's a difference see when you are intentional for example if you take an Olympic race and somebody stores in for that Olympic race they are preparing for it they labor fervently because they have a goal in mind you know I have to I have to wake up whatever 5 a.m I have to do my exercises I have to eat right I have to I cannot waste time I am preparing for the Olympics laboring fervently but what is casual somebody who just likes to run today morning I woke up I ran tomorrow I didn't make up it's okay casual so Epiphras labored fervently simply tells us he intentionally worked hard in prayer something like travail travail and you know laboring you know in in birth for Christ to be formed in people so he had an intention and you can also look at it like you know laboring fervently is not just hard work but it's a struggle you know and it's not easy isn't it when you are not seeing the answer like Elijah okay go see has it come or not second time he's praying go see and come do you think it's it's like a fight and you are fighting you're contending you're struggling to see something fulfilled isn't it that's how it looks to me so laboring fervently is not just hard work but someone who's willing to struggle in prayer unless you see the results so he Paul is giving honor to Epiphras and saying it's a bond servant of Christ he labored you know he's laboring fervently in prayers for you okay and what is the intention why is he laboring fervently so that he sees you perfect and complete isn't it that's what Paul is saying what is perfect and complete what is perfect perfect and complete yeah just give it a shot it's okay yeah without any defects okay that's the simple meaning perfect and complete so what is a perfect and complete for a believer okay when would we say a believer is perfect and complete okay when they are growing in prayer yes when you're walking the bible through the bible okay through the bible okay good so praying walking through the bible anything else okay no worries you tell me and then I'll take her answer okay so when others begin to notice that God is working through your life okay okay so you you fulfill the will of God okay through your life when you believe that okay we believe that Jesus is our Savior and we walk in His will okay so good good answers but most of you shared the process someone's praying walking with the Lord all that process okay but perfect and complete means end point to know Him okay to know Him and okay taking responsibility that's also process shall we say see because here we usually say okay believer disciple uh minister leader so that journey you have to make that journey all right so becoming a believer is only starting point so much more is there in the journey before God so what is that end result that every believer yes when your faith is completely completely refined okay good finally reach heaven okay no I am talking more this side of heaven so I'm talking more earth huh when you become a leader okay what is it I'm asking what is that final point exactly to be like Jesus isn't it okay so Prince is getting a hand clap so this was labor what we did just now is labor okay trying to fight and struggle and come up with the answer so at least we got the answer so this is how uh you know prayer is so that laboring fervently perfect and complete is each of you and me all of us we become like Jesus okay by that we simply mean like Jesus in character like Jesus in power isn't it so become like Jesus in character and like Jesus in power that is perfect and complete so Paul is saying epiphrasis laboring and working hard in prayer is going to lead two believers becoming perfect and complete in Christ now can you think of any other ministry through which people can be made perfect and you know complete in like become more like Jesus any other service that is offered to people through which they can become more like Jesus yeah serving how what kind of serving okay helping each other okay so take for example all of you are sitting in front of me I want you to become more like Jesus which ministry can I use to make you more like Jesus love yes which service I'm doing it right now teaching teaching preaching why because we are bringing the word you know which is able to do its work in our lives and when the word works in my life I will become more and more like Jesus so for somebody to become more perfect and complete you know we generally think of ministries like preaching teaching right and then you have other aspects like mentoring discipling all that we think but we don't think prayer prayer how can prayer help believers become complete and perfect but what is Paul saying he's saying through the ministry of prayer or epiphrasis the collisions they are moving to becoming complete and perfect in Christ so it just tells me that prayer is also you know somewhere in in in that category of ministries which is serving believers so powerfully we should not underestimate the ministry of prayer if somebody is praying interceding laboring fervently we can see the results of that upon the lives of believers are you all with me am I confusing you or is it clear you are understanding okay great yeah yes Anand the the person who's doing the ministry what about them can they change lives so that's what we are seeing okay the other things like preaching teaching all that yeah maybe not maybe they are only praying but even if they're only praying it can result in Christ being formed in people okay is that any other follow-up question to that okay good question so uh what Anand and Prince are saying is if we pray okay we are doing our part what about the people who have to make the right decisions but don't you think it's applicable even for preaching like like if I am laboring in the word of God and I'm teaching the word of God even then believers have to make the right decision for the word to work in their life isn't it so I think personal responsibility is always there no matter which ministry you know we are engaging in and though it's not mentioned in the bible we know that personal responsibility is very very important see because I'll tell you one example yeah Paul um okay okay so uh there's there's a scripture in which you know we see that the word that we hear okay it must be mixed with faith if it is not mixed with faith then it will not yield anything so when we are preaching the word it's possible that people come Sunday after Sunday Sunday after Sunday listen listen listen to the messages now five years down the line you might find that if there are 10 people five people have grown spiritually and they've gone to another place in their walk with the Lord but maybe five people are just an example five people they are still where they started so same person is preaching same sermon same way to 10 people but the result is completely different so what does it tell me there's always personal responsibility though it's not mentioned sometimes it's not mentioned in between the lines personal responsibility a prophet can pray but if people are still unwilling obviously you know the uh you won't see the results yes yes yes so you mean the other people meaning the preacher or other prayer warriors with him okay prayer warriors and the preacher yes yeah so okay so the question is in this um you know great awakening with Charles Finney uh you know he was one of the the preachers and father Nash would support him through prayer uh the question is was there no effort by the preacher was all the result because of the prayer ministry of father Nash what I would say Anand is in this particular example it's not that there was no effort by the preacher but we would look at it in terms of you know we generally use the word like anointing and things like that okay we won't get too technical but when father Nash was engaging in prayer we can say that there was that power which was created so though the preacher is preaching there was this additional power which was released for souls to be saved okay the preacher did make an effort but the power which was generated by the intercessory ministry was huge that's how you look at it so when Nash was not there Finney himself he shares that you know he continued to make the effort that he made but this was missing the power which was generated through prayer so results were not good enough okay did it make sense to you yes yes definitely see so the way we look at this is um when we pray okay based on scripture so there are there are many promises we can claim we are going to look at it also we how to pray for the family how to pray for people who have gone away from God how to pray for the lost how to pray for the city we will look at all that so you know we do our part and if I may just for our understanding you know put a just simply I'm putting a number it's not there in the Bible but you see 90% of the work like you're doing in prayer now the 10% will depend on the individuals and their decisions also we are not saying that but it is understood now after doing all the praying if an individual still says no I don't want I will live however however I like through prayer we cannot control we will study that also you can't control people because free will is free will but here is the the the good part you can do 90% of the work through prayer so why not do it you know and what 10% people choose to do that person chooses to do that is not in my hand I can't be worried about that so all we are saying is God has provided for us to get that you know 90% advantage through prayer to do it okay so that's the point any I saw some hand going up okay fine so I think we've understood you know quite a bit yes and then some comments here on the chat but we've gone you know way beyond that part of at the question I was asking these are all answers for that so thank you okay so we noticed that you know prayer ministry is very important and people who are engaged in prayer ministry also have the same goal as somebody who may be preaching and teaching you know who may be an apostle or any any other category so it helps believers it helps believers and in that passage of Colossians 4 we also notice that there is a zeal okay what is zeal passion okay very good so there is a zeal which a preference has for the people so look at this all this is giving us better understanding about prayer ministry you know prayer ministry sometimes it's understood as it is a burden like you know people are I'm stuck I'm only in prayer ministry I have to pray for the people you know the attitude is such that there is no passion in it but passion is a part of the prayer ministry now if you take for example you know preaching we hear of all these preachers they're going to go to mountainous regions and you know difficult places they don't mind they take one Bible they go they preach and you know they come back passionately share all these stories I met so and so they didn't know about Jesus and they gave their life to Christ so you see the passion in their ministry even when it comes to prayer okay based on what Paul is saying about epiphyrus there is a passion some you can imagine with me somebody who is praying for the believers to be perfect and complete and every day you know he wakes up with that same thing in his heart okay I'm going to pray those believers are going to become stronger in God and the church will be strong they will make an impact so somebody who's passionate okay through the prayer ministry so we have to you know have this kind of a thinking that when there is a ministry in prayer it does not have to be boring you know it does not have to be burdensome sometimes we think oh I couldn't do any other ministry so I'm doing prayer ministry you know it's it's too heavy when you look at it like that but prayer ministry is not like that it's a special ministry where Paul is honoring an intercessor Paul is saying that the labor is equal to the kind of labor that you know a preacher would do and the fact that the intercessor is passionate okay and that prayer is not you know difficult unpleasant work for the person so this is the beauty of prayer ministry so let me quickly touch on one more point here and then we can take a break and come back so the other point here is notice there are two places which are mentioned okay those two places are Laudacia and Herapolis so these places Paul is saying that Epiphras he prays for the Colossians and he also prays for people in Laudacia and Herapolis so here is another beautiful thing about prayer ministry there is no distance okay there is no distance in the ministry of prayer so if you look up these places you know one of those places was 12 miles away from Colosse another place was 14 yeah 14 miles away from Colosse so 12 miles away and 14 miles away so Epiphras being in Colosse could pray for people in two different cities so today you and I we are sitting in Bangalore but we can successfully have a prayer ministry for the state of I mean name any state you know you could be praying for Nagaland you could be praying for Odisha you could be praying for Uttar Pradesh you could be praying you could be praying for the nations of the world will will it be effective what do you see here yes so this is the beauty of the ministry in prayer there is no distance okay so distance is not a limitation as far as intercession is concerned okay so let's do one thing we will take a break right now we will come back you know have some question answers and then continue with the next chapter here so let's go for a break


Hey, this is Brett and this 2018 Dodge Challenger RT Scat Pack with the Shaker package is stock number 13735Z. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and use Dodge and Dodge Challenger and sports car headquarters. This 2018 Dodge Challenger has a 6.4-liter V8 Hemi engine, puts out 485 horsepower and it's paired up with the 8-speed automatic transmission. This car has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this car is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around in this video. Inside, start it up, take a look under the hood and go over all the options on this car. Granite Crystal Metallic is a color and I shoot all my videos in 4K. If you like the video, you can subscribe to my YouTube channel which is YouTube.com slash Summit Auto. Click the bell notifications. You'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Auto as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle and sports car walkarounds on YouTube. This one has the Scat Pack logo. There comes with the 20-inch painted and polished aluminum wheels. Comes with the Brembo brakes with the slotted rotors. They are in fantastic condition. The wheels are Goodyear Eagle F1 tires on here. These are 245, 45 ZR20s and I would say that they have probably about 60 to 70% of the tread left in the front. All the wheels on this car are in fantastic condition. Front fender is absolutely perfect. No dents or dings on there. Front bumper and lower valance are in fantastic condition as well. Didn't see any major dents or cracks or anything. Has the projected lamp headlamps. The grille looks really good as well. And you get the LED running lights. We'll turn all those lights on at the end of the video so you can see how nice and bright they all are. Comes with the shaker hood. The true cowl induction there. It's really cool. We'll take a look under the hood in just a second. Passengers side front fender. No dents or dings on there. And the passenger side front wheel. No major scuffs or scrapes on there. One thing to point out. The decals on the hood here all are in very nice condition as well. They go over the top and onto the trunk. Granite crystal. One of my favorite colors on any of the Dodge Chrysler Ram G products. Has a lot of metal flake to it. It's got some blues. Some greens. Obviously silver in there as well. Really a good looking color. And as you go down this side of this 2018 Dodge Challenger take note of how clean that body is. How reflective and mirror like that paint is. Take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the car. You can see the car, hear the car, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises. And you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. And if this video helps you make that buying decision let your salesmen know that you saw the video that it was helpful and that Brett sent you. Back wheel is in excellent shape. And this car does have brand new tires on the back. We put those on in our safety inspection. Brembo brakes in the back as well. Coming around to the back of the vehicle. Rear bumper is in fantastic condition. Does have the backup parking sensors. The chrome tipped dual rear exhaust. And I didn't see any scuffs or scrapes on that rear bumper. The LED tail lamps look good. And the stripes on the back of the trunk. Or on the top of the trunk I should say. Are in nice shape. No major dents or dings on the trunk. Comes with a car cover. That is included.  Lots of room back here. Nice and clean. That shuts nice and solidly. And easy to go down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger's side. No dents or dings on the rear quarter. Looks really good. And for full disclosure this back wheel just as nice as the rest. And that tire is brand new as well. Down the rest of the side of the car. Dora looks really good. Comes with the heated power mirrors. Entering go system inside. The RT Scat Pack package gives you the black and red leather. And Alcantara suede seats. No rips or tears. You get the Scat Pack logo stitched into the back rest. That's pretty sweet. Side curtain airbags. Seats are in really nice condition. Power driver seat with lumbar. It does have release there.  And you get child safety latch system. If you want to try and get a car seat back there. Bright pedals. Auto headlamps. Power telescopic. And tilt steering wheel. You get Alpine premium sound system. Power windows locks and mirrors. And you get the leather bolster on the door. We'll hop inside. Check out the miles. The radio. And everything that this car has to offer on the interior. And see this one has 9,517 miles. So you do get the digital spinometer on there. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the leather wrap steering wheel. You get cruise controls on the right. Bluetooth and information center controls on the left. And you get the audio controls on the back as well as your paddle shifters. This one does come with the 8.4C radio. And this one does have the factory navigation system on it. And there is highway 41. So you can see that is working nicely. And you actually get your little challenger icon there. AM FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. You also have your heated and cooled seat buttons. As well as your heated steering wheel. You have all your different apps. You have projection management. You can project your cell phone to the screen via Android Auto or Apple CarPlay. And you also get the performance pages and everything on here. So I just wanted to point out that there is just a little bit of screen delamination on this radio. It does not affect the radio at all. It doesn't affect how it operates or anything. But I did want to point that out. Down here is your push button start. Dual climate controls. You get the really nice machine finished looking dash trim or center console trim I should say. 8 speed automatic transmission. Your keyless entry right there. And these performance pages do take a second to load. And you can see you get dyno. You get your engine. Your G-Force. Your different gauges on there. Your timers. And then your home screen where you can edit those widgets. So a lot of really cool things that you can do with this radio. Down here is your format and seat are in excellent condition as well. I don't think this car has ever been smoked in. Smells very clean inside. The headliner is in nice shape and you do get the power sunroof. Up here you get your map lights, sunroof controls, SOS and assist buttons in the mirror. We'll start it up and take a look under the hood. Starts right up. No check engine lights or anything like that. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. And hopefully from this HD video you've been able to verify the quality, condition, options and of course cleanliness of this car all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have the 6.4 liter V8 Hemi engine. 485 horsepower. Engine based. Very clean. Runs very smooth. Once again this car has been fully safety to and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and is 100% ready to go. You can see you get the Mopar cold air intake there. And then the obviously the shaker cowl. There is the emission sticker and that is yep a hood with a hole in there. It's pretty cool. Anyways this car is 100% ready to go. I would highly recommend it from a quality and condition standpoint. I think whoever is going to get this car is going to love it. And to see more pictures of this car or one of our other 550 new and used car trucks, SCVs, minivans, Wranglers, challengers, chargers, Mustangs, Camaros, Corvettes. You name it we got to go to that website right there is summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle. All at summitauto.com. If you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto. Click the bell notifications. You'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day as well as having access to one of the largest catalogs of vehicle walk-arounds on YouTube. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel in the upper left. A link to more challenger videos that have done in the upper right. A link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left. And a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those, check us out. And we're super excited to help you with this ultra clean 2018 Dodge Challenger RT Scat Pack with the shaker package in granite chrysanthalic. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.