This research article is titled Obesity in Mice with adipocyte-specific deletion of clock component arntal. It was published by the Fitzgerald lab at the University of Pennsylvania in Nature Medicine in December 2012. To start talking about this article let's understand what energy balance is and how it's controlled. Energy balance is an equilibrium between the energy we take in and the energy we spend. We get energy in the food that we eat and we spend energy by moving around, breathing, etc. In order to maintain a certain body weight our bodies need to be an energy balance meaning the amount of energy we take in is equal to the amount of energy we spend. If we take in more energy than we spend then the energy is stored in fat and we gain weight. So we can write this equation. The energy we take in in the form of food is equal to the energy that we spend and whatever is not spent is stored. There are many things that affect energy balance such as obesity and under nutrition but also thyroid disease and diabetes among many others. So it's important to understand how energy balance is maintained and what happens when energy balance becomes imbalanced. This article tries to understand how energy balance is controlled by our circadian rhythms or internal clock. What is a circadian rhythm you may ask? Well our bodies function on a 24 hour clock that is influenced by the day and night cycle that controls sleep, alertness, digestive activity, etc. One obvious example of the importance of this circadian rhythm is jet lag. When our body's circadian rhythm is not synced to the day and night cycle so we are sleepy and hungry at the wrong time of the day until our body tries to adjust to a new day night cycle. So our circadian rhythm can influence our eating behaviors and therefore our energy balance. This circadian rhythm I'm talking about is the central circadian clock that responds to the day light cycles to control behavior. But there are also circadian rhythms specific for different tissues that are synced with the central circadian clock and that control the behavior of that specific tissue. The scientists of this article are interested in studying the circadian rhythm in the cells of the fat tissue which we call adipocytes. Because energy is stored as fat, fat tissue plays a crucial role in energy balance. So the scientists wondered what role this fat or adipocyte specific circadian rhythm played in energy balance. To do this, the scientists used the mouse. They disrupted only the adipocyte circadian rhythm by genetically removing a protein called arntal only in adipocytes. They next fed mice a high fat diet and looked at the mice's body weight compared to normal mice with an intact circadian rhythm. So mice that had it disrupted adipocyte circadian rhythm were heavier and had 50% more fat than normal mice. In other words, they became obese. To explain the development of obesity, the scientists looked at a variety of factors. First, they looked at physical activity. Then they looked at how many calories the mice ate, how much energy the mice spent, and at what time of day the mice ate. The scientists found no differences in physical activity between the two groups and no differences in the calories consumed. So the mice exercised just as much and ate just as much food yet they were heavier. So what could explain these differences? Well, it turns out that mice with a disrupted adipocyte circadian rhythm spent less energy and ate more during the day and less at night compared to normal mice who eat more at night and less during the day. So it seemed that eating the same number of calories during the day instead of at night could cause obesity in these mice. Scientists think that this is because eating at an inappropriate time or a time that does not line up with your central clock will cause your body to store instead of spend the energy shifting the energy balance towards weight gain and leading to obesity. There's actually evidence for this in humans. For example night shift workers eat at night and they have a dysregulated circadian rhythm and an increased prevalence of obesity in metabolic diseases. So it seems like these mice with dysregulated adipocyte circadian rhythms eat at a different time of day. This reduces the amount of energy they spend and causes weight gain. So the scientists were curious to understand how adipocyte circadian clocks could control the timing of food intake that leads to obesity in these mice. Well the timing of food intake is influenced by levels of polyunsaturated fats in the blood. These are good fats that can benefit your health when eaten in moderation. So in mice during the day levels of these fats are high so the mice are not hungry but at night these levels drop so the mice get hungry and they eat. The scientists realized that mice with the disrupted adipocyte circadian rhythm had lower blood levels of polyunsaturated fats during the day. This is because these mice were releasing less polyunsaturated fats into the blood despite consuming the same amounts of fats as normal mice. So the scientists wondered if maybe these low polyunsaturated fat levels were responsible for the increased food intake during the day. If this is true then increasing levels of polyunsaturated fats in these mice should prevent weight gain because the mice will not be hungry during the day so they will not eat during the day but instead they will eat at night and gain less weight. In fact when the scientists fed mice that had disrupted adipocyte circadian rhythm a high fat diet supplemented with polyunsaturated fats the mice did not become obese and they ate at a normal time at night and they had normal energy expenditure. Overall they looked just like normal mice. So what did this study show? Using a mouse to genetically disrupt the circadian rhythm specifically in the adipocytes or the fat tissue the scientists showed that these mice became obese not because they ate more calories overall but because they ate more calories during the day instead of at night. This is because it disrupted circadian rhythm in the adipocytes causes lower levels of polyunsaturated fats in the blood during the day. This makes the mice more hungry during the day when feeding is normally low. For mice eating more during the day instead of at night causes a shift in the energy balance and energy stored instead of spent leading to obesity. So this study shows that circadian rhythms in your fat tissue control timing of food intake and energy balance that can cause obesity when the circadian rhythm is dysregulated. So what does this mean for you? The rate of obesity has increased extraordinarily over the past 100 years so it might be a friend to consider the relevance of this study in the context of evolution. Certainly the increase in obesity is due to more calories in our diet and less exercise but what if timing of food intake also played an important role? In any major city you can get food delivered to your door 24 hours a day. You can imagine that this was a lot more difficult 100 years ago. So what if availability and consumption of food at night when our bodies are not supposed to be eating but sleeping is contributing to the higher rates of obesity nowadays. As we try to understand how weight is controlled this study shows that it's also important to consider circadian rhythms in the fat tissue that can control when we get hungry. Although follow-up studies in humans need to be done this article provides a mechanism we can try to target to control weight gain in individuals with sleep disorders or just generally dysregulated circadian rhythms maybe by providing more polyunsaturated fats in the diet. But too much of anything is a bad thing so this would certainly require a delicate balance. Scientists are always trying to understand how pathways in this case two different internal clocks can work together to explain the complexity that lies behind every aspect of physiology from blood levels of polyunsaturated fats to the psychology of chocolate cravings.


Hi guys, welcome back to Sisyano. It's Mix from the next question. If it's your first time come across Sisyano, consider subscribing. By the way, don't forget to hit that notification bell. In today's video, we are going to look at the fees and the payment updates for entry permits or what we call the Emirate ID. If you are to get an Emirate ID, if you are to renew or to have an Emirate ID in the UAE, in Dubai, Sherezia, or even other Emirates that make up Dubai, what are you supposed to pay? What are you supposed to pay? These are two scenarios. You may either be a new person in the UAE getting a new residence permit. You may either be an old resident but you are renewing. These are two different persons. So we are going to see what are those charges that you are supposed to pay if you are a new person and what are those charges that you are supposed to pay if you are renewing and what are those charges that you are supposed to pay depending on the number of years you are going to stay in the UAE which is quite very sensitive and very important. So if you are in the UAE, if you are new and renewing your Emirate ID for one year you are supposed to pay 250 dirhams. If you are renewing your Emirate ID or if you are new in UAE and it is your first year or the first time to go there you are going to pay what you call 250 dirhams. Then also something that you should know that if you are new or you are renewing your Emirate ID for two years then you will pay what you call 350 dirhams. Then something that also you need to know if you are renewing your ID for three years, for more addition of three years then you are going to pay 450 dirhams. So you see that the number of years get to increase proportionally with the amount of charges or the amount of money payable to this payable to the visa or payable to the people responsible. Then something also you need to know that if you are getting a new or renewing residence permit for five years and these are especially if you are a UAE Nationals if you are renewing or getting new one you get it at 250 dirhams. Then if you are a new something that also you should know if you are new or you are renewing what you call your residence ID for 10 years this is normally for only the UAE Nationals those are renewing their ID for 10 years then they pay 350 dirhams. Then something that you need to know also if you are living in what you call the GCC countries and you want to know to renew your residence permit or your residence permit then probably you are going to pay what you call 450 dirhams. That is what normally happens and that is what exactly the latest information that you should share in one world or the other. Thank you so much for coming back this channel. Remember and more is keep on updating you and check up my tiktok account check and mix creation still then check also my Instagram account is mixed somewhere at 24 what you call the latest updates. We get to share, we get to know one another Thank you so much see you again in next video.


Welcome back to Stevenson University, the final score. Dennis and the victory today. Head coach Mike Caravan, 15 goals in the game for you guys. Got off to a hot start. What do you attribute that to?   And we tried to inspire the team to do that a little bit at a higher pace than we did yesterday. I think it paid off for us throughout the game in many cases. So now moving forward, what do you guys take away from this tournament heading forward still much of the season to go? Well, for us, again, this is our fifth game versus top 15 opponents. And we've won three and two, so we feel pretty good about that, which is good. But I think today was a real important day for us, I think, as a program for the 2019 team, to understanding how hard we need to play to win these hard fought games of four quarters. When you look at the way your team played offensively, a lot of ball movement, a lot of pacing, a lot of speed around the crease, what do you look for most? What do you tell your team when you try to establish that offensive possession? Well, I think today what we tried to do is have more off-ball movement a little bit and moving people more. Yes, say at times we thought we were a little stagnant. So we made some adjustments that seemed to work. But really, I mean, we were pretty good today in many different ways. Peter Pitchroff was, what, three and six? And Spencer Butler had seven goals. But the reason McKinney was pretty good in the goal. He really kind of stymied their momentum when they had it and they had some good chances, things like that. So I think that combination, as well as some key 50-50 ground balls, we won really the difference to that. Congrats on the win, coach. Thank you.


In the thousands of years that ships have fought at sea, perhaps no single battle revolutionized naval warfare as much as the battle of the Carl's Sea. It was fought not by battleships and cruisers and destroyers, but in the air. Not once did the opposing surface ships come within sight of one another. Instead, in the skies overhead, navy pilots engaged their enemy. The story of that battle is a landmark in the history of aircraft carriers. The men who have made history from the decks of aircraft carriers have always been inseparable from the flying machines they love. Bringing their birds home to roost on the roof of their floating home required all the skill they could muster after the tension of combat.  You turn into the groove and you just catch the eye of that signal officer and you'd love him all the more.  The Carl's Sea in May 1942, the first naval air battle, there was midway in June. The engagement that turned the tide against the Japanese forces. Midway, where aircraft carriers and the planes they launched proved again the strategic value of the navy's ungainly floating airfields. To protect themselves, the carriers covered their sky with fighter combat air patrols. If the enemy should get through, the crossfire of anti-aircraft guns would take over. That deadly airspace over the Japanese fleet. What was it like to push over a dive bomber at two miles up and go whistling down to a gun-filled deck? You were keyed up, of course, and you were apprehensive of what was taking place but through the fact that we'd had many training missions, we were real seasoned. So I think the only thing that you had was the apprehension of whether you're going to make that bomb hit on that deck or not. But you were thinking of that only, nothing else. There was nothing else in your thoughts. You were just doing the job that you were trained to do and that was it. Bob Ryder, radio man and gunner, tells how it looked from the rear seat. The radio man would normally call out the altitude to the pilot as he's coming down. 9,000, 8,000, 7,000, and 2,000 feet you'd haul a drop. But then would level the plane out. At this point, you were beginning to look out for this heavy flap and you could see this pattern of explosions behind you and you could hear this old bulldog-type sound going whoop, whoop, whoop. You tell the pilot to pull it up and this whoop, whoop sound was going beneath it. For the fighter pilots, even though they worked in teams, it was still in the end one man alone in his plane. What does it take to make a good fighter pilot? Gene Valencia, a top Navy ace who won 23 and lost none, sums it up. He has to be aggressive. He has to love to fight. He has to love to tangle. But he does not and he cannot do it foolishly. He has to know the performance of his aircraft. It's that simple. Simple, another Navy pilot, Hamilton McWardard, remembers that combat flying is not an occupation that accepts errors of judgment. You don't get a chance to make the one mistake. You use that one mistake is the last one. Landing a plane on a carrier deck, a moving, rolling, pitching platform also allows few mistakes. It was like putting an old match alongside of a swimming pool. And then you thought to yourself, are we going to make it on that little thing? David McCamble, the Navy's top World War II fighter ace. We've always had a man back on the platform with the landing signal officer and his job to watch for hooks and wheels down when the plane is well back in the groove, long before time for him to land. To a carrier pilot, no two landings are alike. Lieutenant Skip Phelps explains how it is. It's always something different. The day is different. The sea is different. The wind is different. And this is two years from me. Today it's as new as it was two years ago. A carrier as a capital ship of many of the world's navies has a birthright extending back to the Wright Brothers. Not a sleek greyhound of the sea, not a mighty battle wagon. She is a composite, a floating airfield, a battle command center, a city of men, 3,500 hard working men. The carriers took shape by trial and error, by the changing necessities of their age. Their development was always wedded to the refinements in the design of the aircraft that flew on and off their flat top decks. This was a marriage of convenience, unsure at first, but a marriage that has grown in importance. Today their 20th century machinery demands crews that include highly trained technicians, engineers, electronic specialists. The floating airstrips of World War II have doubled in size to become airports like the USS John F. Kennedy and the nuclear-powered Enterprise and Nimitz with flight decks covering four and a half acres. This mobile airbase, the Kennedy, can steam to any trouble spot at 600 nautical miles a day. Her airplanes can go to 85% of the world's surface. The Kennedy is free to roam where it chooses. Over the years, American carriers have protected friends and stood off would-be enemies. In peace as in war, they have been the shield and the power of America in a world where no day goes by without threat and crisis. A ship is nothing by itself, but steel and machinery. When you put people aboard, it becomes a living thing. And it was with people, visionary and insistent, that the aircraft carrier had its beginning in the first decade of the century. The year is 1909. William Howard Taft is our president. The automobile is still a newcomer in our streets. Hardly have we succeeded in propelling ourselves along the ground on four wheels with the gasoline engine than the Wright brothers have used it to propel themselves through the air. Now Orville Wright is demonstrating a later model at Fort Meyer, Virginia. Navy Lieutenant George Sweet, attending as an observer, reports back, the Navy must have that. It will be most important to us. With these words, he sits in motion forces that will change history. The Navy's first experiments with the flying machine are directed toward a design that will land and take off from the water. Recently, the blueprints for this fragile machine were dusted off, and a replica of the Navy's first aircraft soared out of history. But soon the question is raised. Might an airplane be of greater use to the Navy if it could be flown to and from the deck of a ship? In 1910, at Hampton Roads, Virginia, a civilian pilot, Eugene Ealy, tests the idea. He takes off in a 50-horsepower Curtis plane from a wooden platform built over the bow of a cruiser and lands safely ashore. But could a plane return to a ship and land safely on it? Two months later, in San Francisco Bay, Ealy takes off from shore and lands on a platform rigged over the afterdeck of the cruiser Pennsylvania. Now an airplane has both taken off from and landed aboard a warship at sea. The implication for the Navy is revolutionary. The Navy's first pilot, Lieutenant Theodore Ellison, is already learning to fly with Glenn Curtis, a pioneer in aircraft design and construction. The first groups of Navy air pilots to win their wings contain men who will make naval aviation history, men who will lead carrier aviation through a world war. Early in the century, there's no question that Britannia rules the waves. But Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm decides to challenge England with a naval race. Bridges sea dogs, old hands at naval warfare, but always ready for new ideas. Build his majesty's ship, Furious, the world's first aircraft carrier. The U.S. Navy takes its own steps into the future by fitting three cruisers with catapults to launch planes. But as America enters World War I, the battleship continues to play the star role as the capital ship of the fleet. From shore bases on both sides of the Atlantic, Navy planes are the airborne eyes of the fleet, scouting for German submarines. Their brief missions are limited by the short range of the aircraft. Admiral William Sims, the commander of naval forces in Europe during World War I, tells a congressional committee, the fast carrier is the ship of the future. This same vision of the importance of aircraft at sea has struck a young Japanese naval attaché in Washington, Isoruku Yamamoto. In his words, the fiercest serpent can be overcome by a swarm of ants. Yamamoto is a fleet admiral in World War II. We'll see the truth of this adage work triumphantly for him, and disastrously against him. In the same year, Congress authorizes the conversion of the coal ship Jupiter to become a prototype aircraft carrier. In 1919, a flying boat with a far longer range is completed, the NC boat, N for Navy, C for Curtis. Designed for mid-ocean sub-patrolling, the NC comes too late to help in World War I. It makes another kind of history. Leaving Rockaway, New York, the NC-4 reaches Lisbon, Portugal, stretching the range of aircraft to the width of the Atlantic. But this first crossing of the ocean by a Navy flying boat will become a footnote in aviation history when it is eclipsed by later landmark flights. In 1921, while a Jupiter is still being rebuilt, the Navy undertakes a series of aerial bombing tests using captured German ships as targets. Under the command of Brigadier General Billy Mitchell, Army aircraft sink the battleship Ostfriesland. Our newspapers spread the word. Airplanes have made surface navies obsolete. The Navy quietly reminds us that the Ostfriesland was merely a sitting duck, unable to make evasive movements and unprotected by either its own guns or fighter planes. In 1922, the conversion of the Jupiter is finished. She is commissioned as our first carrier, the USS Langley. At once, she's nicknamed the Covered Wagon. She is fitted with arresting wires across the landing area to catch hooks mounted between the wheels of her airplanes. The planes have no brakes and shoulder straps are yet to become standard cockpit equipment. In these days, Navy pilots with tongue-in-cheek define a successful landing as one which the pilot can walk away from. But scores of future air admirals will be among the thousands who will win their wings on the Navy's first carrier.  That pilot in trouble, Lieutenant Gerald Bogan, will one day as a rear admiral command a carrier task group through an important battle in World War II. My tail hook, as it sometimes would happen, instead of engaging the arresting wire, rode one of these foreign aft wires which caused the plane to slew to the left. There were several people, including Commodore Reeve, standing in the gallery near the two smoke sacks on the port side, and I was afraid that my propeller would chew them up. So against all regulations, I gave her full throttle and I did a very beautiful wing over over the port side and into the drink. I was picked up by the plane guard. Retired rear admiral Leslie Garries was another Langley eagle. The qualification consisted of three successful landings and takeoff, and once you'd made three of them, you were a carrier pilot. And of course we built this thing up. Those of us who were carrier pilots, we affected the look down our nose at all other aviators because we were Langley pilots. And we built this all up to be quite a thing and then later on we got the other carriers and it was our job to train and classify other. Then we had to break it all down again and convince everybody it was easy and safe and nothing to it. But that Langley was really something. The 1920s, the jazz age, the golden age of sports, and bathtub gin, the era of wonderful nonsense. Beneath the facade of frivolity, there is a desperate desire to prevent a Second World War. At a Washington conference, the leading powers agree to cut down their navies. The treaty calls for the United States to cancel two battle cruisers under construction, the Saratoga and the Lexington. But it permits the construction of aircraft carriers by conversion of these hulls. The Lexington becomes carrier number two and the Saratoga number three. One day they will play their roles on the Pacific stage, helping to stop an enemy from sweeping across the ocean. These are the years when man's imagination and ingenuity take him on ever-lengthening journeys across the skies. Charles Lindbergh crosses the Atlantic and later demonstrates his skill by flying from an aircraft carrier. Air mail service begins. The United States wakes up to an age in which men are accepting the challenge of flight and enjoying the thrill of accomplishment in the sky. In 1929, navy pilots practice their trade in a fleet exercise at the Panama Canal. Saratoga serves with the attackers and Lexington with the defenders. Making new ground rules, the attackers launch a pre-dawn airstrike. The results will catch the attention of many who scoff at the Navy's aviation program. Admiral Garry's flew a fighter off the Saratoga. My squadron was assigned to go after what was then the Army Air Corps airplanes over at the Army field on the Atlantic side of the canal. Everybody was just absent and we romped up and down the field and in theory destroyed all the aircraft. The bombers went in and the scouts were bombing and I think the other fighter squadron was romping around over Miraflores. Anyway, by 2, 8 o'clock, 9 o'clock, we were all through. Well, the umpires declared that the battle fleas had won the war because the Panama Canal had been so damaged by this air attack that it was out of commission and couldn't function. Was it established fleet aviation as a real combat arm of the fleet? In the years that follow, we add five more broad-shouldered heavyweights to the carrier force. Enterprise, Hornet, Wasp, Yorktown, and Ranger. Proud names that reflect the heritage of the nation. Across the Pacific, a nation watches us and also builds carriers. As a Japanese Air Admiral, we're one day disclosed. Our principal teacher in respect to emphasizing aircraft carriers was the United States Navy. We were doing our utmost all the time to catch up with the United States. Naval aviators learned the thrill of aerial acrobatics, skills that will one day be used in combat. Admiral Garry's remembers the fun of flying. And I never had so much fun in my life. In those days it wasn't, as I say, we were, to some degree, kind of pampered pets, primadonas. We were developing dive bombing techniques. We were developing a formation of tactical technique. We had a pretty free hand. Hollywood, for the first time, makes screen heroes of this new generation in MGM's feature film, Hell Divers. Wallace Birian, Clark Gable, are the friendly rivals. I got a nice bell on you, Wendy. Hey, listen, all I wish had been real bullets in that gun up there today. Oh, yeah? Yeah.  I don't like to play taps. Make me cry. Hey, listen, you can't be the guy that's been the champ of this outfit for five years. No? No. Yeah, only in your five days, and you're through already. In 1938, in another exercise, Navy pilots are launched from their carrier at dawn. Arriving unopposed, their theoretical attack is a great success. By the rules of the game, an American island fortress has been destroyed. Once more, air power from the sea proves its worth. The island base, Pearl Harbor. This time we have the Saratoga and the Lexus. We have the Saratoga and the Lexington, both in our side. And the idea was that we were going in and direct the Navy out and attack and bomb and torpedo and sink any ships we could find there. In the meantime, the fighters were then mobilized and pinned down any Air Force fighters we found. Three years later, the Japanese did it practically the same way. Under the command of Admiral Yamamoto, Japanese carrier air power had challenged a fleet considered the strongest to float. All our Pacific battle wagons are gone. The fiercest serpent had been overcome by a swarm of ants. What was left to stop Yamamoto from making the entire Pacific a Japanese lake? None of our seven carriers are at Pearl Harbor on December 7. Of the three assigned in the Pacific, Saratoga is at San Diego, her home port. Lexington and Enterprise are steaming at sea. From the Atlantic Fleet, the Hornet, Twasp and Yorktown will join the Pacific forces in 1942. The seventh carrier, Ranger, will serve in the Atlantic and Mediterranean until 1944. Meanwhile, Japanese forces are seizing vast areas of the Pacific. To let the enemy know we are still fighting, Vice Admiral Bull Halsey, commander of what's left of our Pacific fleet, sends his carriers on hit-and-run raids against the enemy shore bases. The enemy's fliers meet our attackers with skilled airmanship. Our naval aviators in combat for the first time fight against heavy odds. The enemy pilots are more experienced. Their fighter plane, the Zero, though lightly armored, is faster and more maneuverable than our Wildcat. Fighter ace Gene Valencia had great respect for his opponents. He didn't tangle with them alone. If you did, you were crazy. And I don't know any fighter pilot that will tell you he fought plane for plane with the Zero.  It was a matter of tactics. The rule was to fly always in formations of two or four fighters. And the basic tactic, conceived by Lieutenant John Thatch, became known as the Thatch Weave.  I would ask myself, now what should we do if we're flying along in a formation? Let's say we've got four planes, two sections. And we saw an enemy. Well, if you think the enemy can outperform and you don't turn and run, of course he can catch you. And you'll be easy target. You turn toward them. Try to keep turning toward him so he can't get on your tail. I wasn't sure how well this would work. So I went out one morning and I got a hold of a young man named Butch O'Hare and gave him four airplanes and I took four. It really worked. Edward O'Hare, one of the first aviator heroes of World War II, helped perfect the art of night fighting and scored feats like shooting down five enemy planes in a single engagement. One night he didn't come back. Chicago's International Airport was given his name. Alexander Brashu, a top navy fighter ace himself, flew with O'Hare as his wingman. He had a way of presenting a problem not only in the air by example, but by quietly explaining it in a little more detail on the ground if need be. But you got the message rather quickly and in a way that it stuck with you. Little things like maybe conserving fuel, looking over your shoulder at the right time, or at least before making a run or making an attack. I can safely say that I saved my life a couple of times by remembering little rules like this. In April 1942, a daring strike is ready that will hit the enemy exactly where he lives and let him know he is vulnerable. A squadron of 16 Army B-25 bombers will attack Tokyo from an unlikely air base for the Army Air Corps, the deck of the USS Hornet at sea. For land pilots to lift heavy Army bombers the carrier took months of training. Navy Lieutenant Henry Miller, now rear admiral, showed them how. Light loads at the start, medium loads and then a final heavy load which was 2,000 pounds over the maximum designed weight of the aircraft. It was a rough day. The wind was blowing, the seas were pretty high. We slowed down the Hornet because we had so much wind over the deck and we were taking water over the bow. Jimmy Doolittle was the first one. He, of course, was a crack aviator and it wasn't a flaw in his technique. And it took one hour to get the rest of the planes on. At precisely the time that the first plane was supposed to be over Tokyo, the Japanese radio went off the air and then it came back on the air and was talking about enemy planes over Japan. Shere went up all over the ship because we knew they got in there and were dropping their bombs. It was a tremendous shot in the arm for the great American public. Three weeks later, the Yorktown in Lexington far corner of the Pacific north of Australia steamed toward an enemy fleet. Facing them was the test for which the Navy had been training for 20 years. In the tradition of great battles at sea, Trafalgar, the Monitor and Merrimack at Hampton Roads, Jutland, the planes of the Saratoga and Lexington would meet their rendezvous with destiny over the Coral Sea. For the first time in history, a naval battle would be fought only in the sky. In the spring of 1942, the American Pacific fleet is beginning to recover from the beating it took at Pearl Harbor. None of the Navy's seven aircraft carriers were in Japanese bomb sites on December 7, 1941. In the months that followed, carriers engaged in hit-and-run attacks on enemy bases. Early in May, an enemy force led by three carriers is making an end run around New Guinea to capture Port Moresby. If they succeed, they will have a springboard to invade Australia. To stop the oncoming enemy, a U.S. force moves into the Coral Sea, spearheaded by the carriers Yorktown and Lexington. The result is the Navy's first major fleet engagement of the century. For naval historians, this is a first. The first sea battle in history in which the opposing surface forces never come within sight of one another. The Lexington's fighter squadron commander, now retired Vice Admiral Paul Ramsey, remembers this battle. Of course, we didn't see each other except by air. We didn't see the surface forces didn't see each other. Most sea battles, normally the opposing forces are inside of each other. In this particular case, they were anywhere from 300 miles to 100 miles away. We made attacks on them and did some damage with it at that time. We didn't know, but we caused quite a lot of havoc. In the meantime, the Japanese attacked Lexington and the Yorktown. They put one bomb in the Yorktown flight deck which did not severely handicap her for landing operations and take-offs. But the Lexington had received three hits. My squadron, we had then gone through them. I said, we just don't have fuel enough to get to Yorktown. It's better to land on a flaming deck than to put the fire out, than to land in the ocean and lose all our aircraft. So they let us land aboard the ship. No fire pressure on any of the hoses throughout the ship, which was just devastating. So after, oh, maybe two and a half or three hours, it got so bad that the skipper said to abandon the ship. The Lexington sank during the night with her battle flag flying. Also sunk, an American destroyer and an oiler. Japan loses a carrier and a second is damaged. Who won? In the view of Captain Ted Duleja, naval historian. Although they sank more of our ships, they did not get Port Moresby, which was the essential aim of their war plan. So the aircraft carrier involved in this battle proved to be the essential instrument, yet there was another test that was required. Whether an entire fleet could be knocked out because of the presence of air power. The Navy prepares for the inevitable next test. New Navy pilots are being trained by the thousands. Shipyards work around the clock, but time is running out. On the staff of Admiral Chester Nimitz, Pacific Commander, a team of code breakers has untangled a mass of enemy radio messages. They contain grim news. Early in June, hardly a month after the battle of the Coral Sea and 5,000 miles to the north, Admiral Yamamoto plans a massive attack on Midway Island, the strategic American outpost. His objectives are to secure an advanced base for new all-out attacks on Pearl Harbor and to lure the remnants of our Pacific fleet to annihilation. The odds are overwhelming. Admiral Nimitz has no battleships against Yamamoto's 9. Only 8 cruisers against 15. Facing 4 Japanese carriers, the Hornet, Enterprise, and hastily repaired Yorktown. But we have the advantage of knowing Yamamoto's plan. Reinforcements are flown into the Midway-based squadrons. The battle commanders, Rear Admiral's Frank Jack Fletcher and Raymond Spruance, place their three carriers in weight north of Midway. Wade McCluskey, then Commander of the Enterprise Air Group, now a retired Rear Admiral, remembers how it started for him. I was called into Admiral Spruance's cabin and he told me then, it could be a turning point because we had very few ships left. So if this was going to be a major battle and we were defeated, well, that meant the end of the war practically. Then that, well, it was 8 o'clock before we actually got a report of the Japanese striking force which included their carriers. And then it became our time to take off. Fiercely, unflinching, knowing mistakes, eight waves of our airmen go after the Japanese fleet, dive bombers, torpedo planes, and fighters. The American carrier pilots with the odds stacked high against them will score an incredible victory. About five after 12 using binoculars and I was still at 19,000 feet while I discovered straight ahead about 30 miles of Japanese striking force. Unaware of the nearby American carriers, the Japanese are caught at a great disadvantage. In the sights of our dive bombers as they scream out of the sky are Japanese flight decks packed with airplanes and high-explosive bombs. The Japanese pay a heavy price. When the Holocaust ends, their four carriers with their planes and a cruiser are at the bottom. What makes Midway so distinctive in contrast to the Carl C. is that it was a decisive battle. Clearly, this was the end of the beginning of the end of Japanese naval power in the Pacific. But we also pay a price. Our carrier Yorktown is lost and a hundred airplanes put out of action. We had terrible disasters and I think particularly with our torpedo planes. These were really old-fashioned types of aircraft to engage in a modern battle. And the torpedo squadrons which took off from the three carriers we had available got slaughtered. The plane was wiped out completely. This was torpedo squadron 8 under the command of John Waldron. There was one survivor, his plane crashed, but he was fished out of the sea a little later. The one survivor of torpedo-aided Midway is George Gaye, today an airline pilot. Most of us were brand new incidents right out of training. When we got to Midway and were to make our takeoff, it was the first time we'd ever carried a torpedo pickle, as we called them. We just went into the fleet, tried to get around the destroyers and then the cruisers and things to take whatever came first as a target. They had about 75 airplanes down there trying to eat us up and we only had 15, so we didn't last very long. I was tailing Charlie, last aircraft in the whole formation and I was kind of sitting back here watching this whole thing. I made my attack on this carrier and I somehow got in close enough to drop my torpedo and get through. I couldn't use this hand. I had a bullet in here and one in this arm. The zeroes jumped on me again out on the other side and shot me down. So when I came back to the surface, bumped into my life raft, also this black cushion. I didn't want them to pick me up. So I put this cushion over my head and I would turn this sideways to any ship or anything that was close and I could watch them out of the corner. I'd see through this thing, they were looking at me with binoculars but they'd see this thing and assume that it was a box or a piece of debris or something rather than my head bobbing up out there and they passed me up. I was able to stay there all day even though they were picking people up all over the place. I'm sitting right in the front row here of this big battle. I saw our dive bombers come in and I knew all those boys too and I knew that this was their first dive, not only with a bomber board but in that airplane. So I was just cheering like a football game. PBY came by, landed on the water and picked me up in this PBY, took me into Midway. I lost about 24 pounds during that time. When I got down to Pearl Harbor and the Admiral came in, Admiral Nimitz, he said he wanted to know about it. A fish eye view and a front row seat to the biggest naval battle in history. Well, I'm kind of proud of that. I don't want to go through it again just to lose 24 pounds but it was something to remember. A grateful nation comes to idolize these fliers who can leave their mobile airstrip with no assurance it will be a float to come home to. In all their jokes, they laugh off the mortal danger of their trade. One pilot amid the chaos of an aerial dogfight radios to his squadron buy war bonds. Somebody's got to pay for all these fireworks. Another overwhelmed by zeros radios his shift. I've got four already and 30 more cornered. The deck crews scoffingly call the fliers air dales but worship them. The fliers make no secret of their own respect for the deck crews. I trusted the man that put that aircraft under me and I think that's the supreme compliment you can pay somebody.  Gene Valencia. My plane captain was 19 years old, 18 years old, Sammy Bell from the Essex. And I just have to ask him if the plane ready to fly. One subject is strictly taboo. In the ward room after a mission, as they count empty chairs, their only comment is bleeding silence. The one thing that I've tried to keep with me when I lost friends, my fellow pilot, and pilots that I didn't know so well in my various commands was that that individual was doing something that he loved. By mid-1942, a little brother of the attack carrier begins to come off the ways in increasing numbers. The escort carrier, nicknamed baby flattop or jeep carrier, is about a third the size of an attack carrier. Carrying only 30 planes apiece, they give support in troop landings, and also play a key role in hunter-killer groups that roam the mid-Atlantic to fight wolfpacks of German submarines that are cutting the lifeline to England. Dan Gallery, now a retired rear admiral, commanded a jeep carrier in the Atlantic. For one long career, we were losing over half a million tons of ships per month. All together, we lost several thousand ships. The shore-based airplanes we had early in the war were not long enough range to reach all the way across the Atlantic, and so there was a so-called mid-ocean gap. Our CVEs came along and closed that gap up. When they did, the CVEs really made a shambles of a sudden fleet. In this bizarre war between birds and fish, the jeep carrier Guadalcanal manages to capture a whole live submarine. We took it from the pole and brought it home, and incidentally it's now parked at the museum of science and industry in Chicago. In the Pacific, both sides have been so badly mauled that there are no major fleet engagements for a whole year. We use the pause to bring out a new generation of carrier planes. The Wildcat fighter gives way to the Hellcat and Corsair. Swifter, more agile, they fly higher and have better guns. The dive-bombing Dauntless is succeeded by the Helldiver, the torpedo plane devastated by the Avenger. The Navy gives them letter number designations like F6F and SB2C. The pilots have their own names for planes they dislike, such as Beast and Turkey. But the Hellcat wins a famous tribute from Jean Valencia. Well, I was so happy with the plane, when I got back aboard the Yartown, I said if the F6F could cook, I'd marry it. We were awfully proud of it. It was a rugged plane. It maybe wasn't quite as maneuverable as the Zero, but it could stay with it. And it was tough. The new S6 class carriers, which had been on the drawing board before the war, start reaching Hawaii in May 1943. The Ford Island Tower greets one. You look good out there, honey. The new ships become the heart of a fast carrier force, screened and protected by battleships, cruisers and destroyers carrying thickets of anti-aircraft guns. The task force is organized in groups of three or four carriers, each of which can operate independently. At times, this awesome force will include as many as 17 attack carriers, stretching 50 miles across the sea, capable of putting more than a thousand planes into a single strike. No fleet in history has ever packed such a puppet. A vast service squadron following in its wake serves as gas station, grosser, arsenal and machine shop, enabling the carrier force to stay at sea months at a time. The enemy, often under simultaneous attack at widespread points, becomes convinced there must be two such forces. We encourage their confusion by giving the force two alternating numbers. It's called Task Force 38 when assigned to the third fleet, and Task Force 58 when it is with the fifth fleet. It is alternately led by Admiral John McCain and Mark Mitchell, who is to be remembered as one of the Navy's greatest admirals. Retired Admiral Arleigh Burke was Mitchell's chief of staff. He knew his aviation.  He knew when an air group was getting tired. He talked to a lot of pilots every time they came back from the flight. One of the best naval officers I've ever known. In February 1944, the Task Force tackles the heavily fortified island of Truck, main anchorage of the enemy's Central Pacific fleet, called the Japanese Gibraltar. Captain Armistice B. Smith found himself in history's greatest dogfight, in which our tactics and new planes paid off 15 to one. The enemy put up a lot of airplanes, and they began attacking and they didn't stop attacking for the entire operation. Every time you turned around, you could anticipate another airplane. I had a lot of luck when I shot down three airplanes, but at the same time I got shot down myself. At Truck, as in other Pacific battles, submarines aid in picking up downed aviators. Retired rear Admiral Richard O'Kane skippered the tank. About noon on the first day, we received the first report. By the time the tank finished the job, it was on course for Pearl Harbor with 22 very happy downed pilots on its passenger list. As far as I know, and I've inquired, every lad that came down alive was rescued. There were no prisoners taken. Moving closer to the Japanese homeland, the task force hit Saipan in the Mariana silence. It leads to one of the great Navy legends, an overwhelming air victory that a flier nicknames the Mariana's Turkish ship. Later in the June afternoon, Mark Mitchell sends his fliers after the retreating enemy, at extreme range. Alexander Brashew was one of those fliers. I know that a lot of us gave a salute as we were going across the deck and we figured that that was the longest carrier strike. It just didn't seem too probable that some of us may get back. But we went into it with that realization, and before you know it, the two hours passed and we hit them somewhere around 6.30 just before sunset. Mission accomplished, but night has fallen. In the dark, hundreds of fliers groped their way home, fuel running low, unable to locate the carriers. Aboard the Hornet, rare Admiral Jaco Clark gives the word to his carrier task group, lights on. The task force takes a calculated risk that no enemy forces are within striking distance. Admiral Mitchell passes the order. Across the whole task force, and search lights pierce the black knife to guide the pilots in. We knew that there were land-based aircraft that could come down from that area, and there might be some Japanese carrier aircraft, too. But the Admiral justices, we got into the wind, turned on the lights. Alexander Brashew was returning from that mission. I just couldn't believe that anyone would turn on the lights. It was against, like you say, all doctrine. It was against all experience. It wasn't until they said land it near a space that the signal getting stronger that I was able to visualize that it was. In reality, at that very point, the lights were turned off for us. As we move to liberate the Philippines, the Jeep carriers have their finest hour in the battle for Laity Gulf. Never intended for a major fleet engagement, a division of these midgets suddenly find themselves facing the big guns of an enemy battleship force. David was face to face with Goliath. Retired Vice Admiral J.P. Whitney was a Jeep skipper then. He remembers sighting the Japanese battle wagons coming toward him. They looked like providers walking on the water. Here they were, coming over to the right and right straight for us. Well, there wasn't anything to do but to turn around and start running. While this was going on, of course, we were arming the rest of our planes. But in order to launch, we had to turn right back into the Japanese fleet again because that's where the wind was from. Of course, all this time we were under fire, you understand. In the CBEs, we had one five-inch gun on the start. Well, in order to maintain morale, we were throwing smoke at that time and everything else. The carriers launched their air groups to pound the enemy fleet from the sky. In the late morning, after we'd been under fire for over two hours, the Japanese Admiral turned around and headed back. I read somewhere that he thought that he was running into the heavy, heavy carrier groups. And here we were, just little CBEs. The last spring of the war finds us on Okinawa, doorstep of Japan. In desperation, the enemy launches mass suicide attacks called kamikaze, or divine wind, for a storm that saved Japan from an invasion fleet in times past. In all, Japan sends more than 2,500 planes out, laden with high explosives, to hurl themselves down on the decks of the fast carrier force. Most are brought down before reaching their targets. Some will build the goal of the divine wind. But the task force continues to operate throughout the Pacific and becomes known as the fleet that came to stay. Not one Essex-class carrier is ever sunk, and the Franklin, after bomb hits explosions and fires that kill and wound a third of her crew, makes history by sailing 13,000 miles home to New York, the most heavily damaged Navy ship ever to make port under her own power. With the Japanese surrender in 1945, a war ended in which the aircraft carrier had taken the place of the battleship as the spearhead of naval power. Our carriers had been required to cover great ocean areas, and their aircraft to hit targets against the opposition of powerful sea and air forces. This, they did. And their role did not end with the war.  In the Korean War, jets from carriers go into combat for the first time, supporting ground forces, knocking out enemy supply routes and bridges. In the 50s, carriers take on a new look, with powerful steam catapults to give an extra shove to the much bigger planes. A new angled deck separates the landing area from craft parked on the flight deck. An astonishingly simple and efficient mirror for night landings puts a beam of light astern up the glide slope that the returning pilot can follow down to a safe landing. The meatball, they call it. In the missile crisis of 1962, carriers help blockade Cuba until the Russians take their nuclear rockets home. As new carriers like the Forest Hall and Kitty Hawk go to sea, older attack carriers switch to the role of submarine hunter-killers, with radar systems that see over thousands of square miles of ocean and sonar that can hear down to its depths. In Vietnam, a new enterprise, eighth ship with that name and the largest ship ever built, joins Task Force 77. On its nuclear-powered engines, this marvel can cruise 20 times around the world without great fueling. New planes like the Phantom, Crusader, Skyhawk, Vigilante, Corsair, and Infruder have taken their places on the catapults of our Navy's carriers. Captain Julian Lake, skipper of the John F. Kennedy, has seen carrier flying come of age. The type of flying that we do has become highly precision. We're doing things now that they never dreamed of doing back in the early days. We take the whole air wing complement of a modern attack carrier and operate it in just about all kinds of weather conditions day and night. Back when I started flying, the night business was a specialty. To the new pilots who fly the new planes, Artie Doyle, a retired admiral who won his wings a half century ago, pays this tribute. The first plane I handled probably didn't cost more than a few hundred dollars, a few thousand dollars. Think of the young Anson, graduate of the training command, had been given a three million dollar airplane and told the land of the bottom aircraft carrier. They're the cream of the country. In the half century since the coal ship was converted to become our first aircraft carrier, a whole new world has come into being with new confrontations, new crises, and a naval doctrine in which the carrier serves as the primary guarantee of the free use of the seas. I think that the best way for the attack carrier, or for the aircraft carrier itself, is versatility. It has run the gamut from being a tool to support amphibious operations, to showing the flag at one time, not so much anymore. It was a very important part of our nuclear deterrent force, but it could immediately shift from that purpose over to a limited war purpose. As you well know, in Lebanon this was demonstrated, in every engagement or confrontation that we have had, virtually everyone, the attack carrier has had a Lyho role to play. And I see no lessening of that role for many, many years to come. More than ever, the tribute that World War II correspondent Ernie Payle paid the aircraft carrier still holds true. A carrier is top-heavy and lopsided. It has the lines of a cow. It doesn't cut through the water like a cruiser, knifing romantically along. It just plows. Yet a carrier is a ferocious thing, and out of its heritage of action has grown its nobility. Every navy in the world has as its number one priority the destruction of enemy carriers. That's a precarious honor, but it's a proud one.


Pretty heavy stuff that I'm hearing out of the West side, as well as out of the Gambino's camp, within the Sicilian camp of the Gambino's, and how it relates to Joey Merlino in Philadelphia and the controversy around his online platform started on YouTube. Now it's on Patreon. It's a podcast called The Skinny, Joey, according to the federal government. He's still the boss of the Philadelphia mob, even though he lives down in Florida. And about six, seven months ago, he became a kind of a social media influencer, a personality more than a crime lord. And this has ruffled a lot of feathers. And we've heard a lot about how this has upset people both in Philadelphia and New York City, but I want to kind of get granular here. And I know that around Christmas, there were a number of very top level sit-downs with some really, really major shot callers in the five families, including Barney. And when Barney is calling for sit-downs, calling to talk to other families or meet with other families, you know it's serious. Barney feels personally offended by what's going on with Joey right now, I'm told. Barney feels like he made Joey. And in a lot of ways, if you believe this narrative that came out from court findings and informants, it's true. Joey had difficulty getting recognized as a boss in New York because of the way him and Ralph Natale took power in the 90s. When Ralph Natale went away to prison and was kind of pushed out of the way in the Philadelphia hierarchy, Joey ascended, he'd already kind of been the boss, but now he became the official boss in the late 90s, and he had some guys in prison, meaning little Nikki Scarpo, the former Philadelphia boss, some other guys in New York that didn't want to recognize Joey and Barney. I think in around 99 or 2000, made an edict and told everybody, we're recognizing Joey. Joey's being recognized in New York in the five families as the boss of Philadelphia. Barney feels responsible for that and feels like this is a slap in the face to him. And I just heard him, Lorenzo, Menino in the Gambino's are both incredibly upset over this. And I'm being told that as of about around Christmas, there was an order sent out from the Gambino's and the Genovese to at least temporarily cease sit-downs, meetings, business relationships with the guys in Philly. I don't know how that's been applied. I don't know if that's happening, but that's what I was told. An order from multiple sources, from multiple camps, both the Gambino and the Genovese, people feeding me stuff, that this was something that was brought down from on high, that the people in New York want to force Joey off the internet. And some of them are talking about wanting to pull his stripes all together and force him out as boss or whatever leadership role he has in Philadelphia right now because of the online controversy. So the last thing I'll say about that is I was told that the biggest worry from these guys is that this is going to kind of open up a floodgate in the way that maybe the analogy would be the way that the Sammy the Bulls Cooperation Deal or Crazy Philly and Eddie's Cooperation Deal opened up a floodgate for cooperators. And there was kind of this before and after phenomenon. After those cooperation deals, people were running to the government to try to get those kind of deals after before that. There were less than a handful of guys that had ever cooperated at that level. And I think the belief from Barney and Lorenzo is that this could be a tipping point. And if Joey's allowed to go on, whether he's boss or not, if he's allowed to go on social media and become an influencer and become a telling war stories and whatnot, that this could embolden other people, not the type, not the mob two types that are have been around for a while. You know, a lot of cooperators that are jumping online. Barney and Lorenzo are talking about like not cooperators, guys like Joey that just want to get their face into the spotlight and give their opinions and show their lifestyle. I personally, I hope that Joey, you know, gets right on this and is able to do everything that he's striving to do, which is get legit and be able to show a legitimate tax return to the government and show that he's got legitimate money coming in, I wish the best for him. But this is what's going on in New York right now. And I just needed to tell you. So for OG pod, I'm Scott Bernstein out.


Okay, I think we can get started. Hello everyone, I am David Koh, senior engine manager at Suicide. Okay, I'm the co-owner of a long-home project and leading the team to work on long-home. We also have many contributions from external to help with long-home growth. Okay, so today I will talk about long-home briefly as usual and deep dive and also going to the current status and the future plan for long-home and finally Q&A. Okay, so long-home I believe some of you are already using long-home, but I want to do an overview again to let everybody know more about long-home itself. Okay, so the agenda, the first I will go through the long-home high-level view and project and release updates and also then go into the long-home details, what long-home suppose and how long-home works and how the long-home inside components work exactly and what's the new V2 data engine we are working on and of course IO performance between the V1 and V2 data engine. And that is what's new in 1.6, the latest release, we just released in February. And also what's next? So our long-home is a magnetic distributed bar storage system based on Copernetics. It's run on Copernetics as well. So it does not need any external dependency to make you able to run long-home on Copernetics. So it's just based on Copernetics control plan, control patterns and also customer resource. That's it. And he provide highly available precision volume. So all stuff including steady provision or dynamic provision or follow standard. Nothing different. And the important part, our long-home model is based on Snatcher chain. So here's a copy on right, incremental Snatch out. This is in cluster. But out of cluster we also support remote backup. So basically you can set up a remote backup target and backup your volume. Use the different patterns periodically or on demand backup. And also we know about users care about how to handle DCS recovery happen to your volume or even your cluster. So close cluster DCS recovery, we also have a solution for that. We call it DR volume. And about installation, the long target is not just a very strict area. We want long can run anywhere.  So no matters on prem or cloud or age. We also want to target for that. And we also doing some improvement. I will share more later. And this is open source on by CNSF right now in Cubating. And we try to target to graduation. So really expect for looking forward to everyone contributed to long home as well. And high level view are some pillars we are focusing on when we develop long home. The first one is reliability. And we want to make sure the data for a crash consistent for the data to respect for data integrity. And also multiple layer protection, like I say, in class essentially out of class backup and performance. We have a V1 volume right now. And beyond volume based on some, based on iSCSI, SCSI, iSCSI takes that. But we want to do something different for V2. So it will be on NV and over fabrics support based on the SBDK. I will talk more about V2 letters. And use abilities. We want to make long home easy to understand. Especially when you have a Kubernetes concept, you also can quickly understand, use the same pattern to understand long home. So all the behavior we map it to the long home resource is a Kubernetes resource. And installation also provide different ways. And one click installation just that everybody knows. There are many ways to install long home manifest, ham chart, or even from some application marketplace. You also can do that. And also in the 1.6.0 we verify the different gap solution to install long home, upgrade long home as well. And UI will have a very simple UI. And the simple UI provides the primary functions when you operate your violins or even do on demand operation. And maintenance, the most important part for long home, we don't want to interrupt user wallow. So especially the user doing no upgrade or even long home upgrade or even no maintenance. So we provide a volume upgrade or even volume migration or even drain policy for when you use a long home. So to avoid any downtime for your wallow. Okay, so this is Peter. We are always following up when developing long home. Okay, so this is project updates. Right now adoption is keep growing. And four years ago we donated long home to CNCF as a sandbox project. And after two years he promoted incubating project. Of course right now we are looking forward for the graduation. And right now around the world it's over 111,000 nodes using running long home. So it means about 13,000 clusters using long home as storage providers solutions. And for area, like I said, we want long home run anywhere. So right now long home can run age. Probably you saw some news about some company use a long home as a storage solution for their age solution. So age, on-prem, cloud. And this also all the area I want to target for the installation part. And for the domain, for the community information, we know some AI staff, telco, data visualization, observabilities, etc. They use a long home in these areas. So the next one I just want to mention, long home not just use it into an end user solution. You also become the critical mission component in any service provider solution as well. So this is a different type of position for long home to use the long home in different area. And collaboration. I want to highlight this one. And last year I attend the QCon Europe Amsterdam. And many people come to ask us about does the long home support telos? Many people. So in 160, we made it happen and what was a telos contributor as well. Long home right now can run on telos in us. And also we have external contributor. They have used the OKD for their distro. So long home can run on OKD as well. Release update. The latest release is 160. It's a feature release. So there are new features including in two. And actually this week, by this week, we will release 161. And I believe it should be a stable one because 160 already over 10,000 nodes install 160 right now. OK. And that is the stable release is 154 and 144. We continue have a patch release for that. And I will probably can talk about some risk here. And upcoming release, we usually have three months patch release for a stable patch release branch. Patch release for support a stable release branch. And also we change the feature release. Originally it's the two feature release per year. We want to move forward faster. So right now we change it to three feature release per year to make sure we can bring more innovation to and features to let a user try and feedback so we can people quickly. And for upcoming release, yeah, 161 and 155 and 170 will be happen July. Many new feature will be coming to once seven zero. I will share the roadmap letters. Of course, one act by end of this year. This is long list, but this is overview to let the people, everyone know what the zone home primary functionality capability has. So for Kubernetes precision volume support, we support different type of volume modes, broad volume and fire systems. And in the past, we also plan to do some sir interface for up to storage. But right now the priority change we will revisit letters and as a small is a rewrite only a rewrite many. We continue doing that. And we want to do something new for rewrite many h a in one seven and see that protocol. This is very standard. We want to met a dynamic provision volume work correctly. So provision attachments, nature clone expansion. We also doing and in the current older versions. And also we are wanting to do some volume group stuff in the following features and volume capabilities. This is an important part to know about what the capability of the volume has. We based on simple vision. No matter V1 or V2. And it's a chance to be on right. You can do a dream. And we have a recurring job to train the volume automatically expand the volume and live upgrade and live migration. So and our performance V1 we still very one V1 continue have a promote increase the performance. But V1 is based on ice goddess stack. So the challenge is there. So we plan to do something in one act. But for upcoming one seven we focus on the V2 because V2 is a new engine based on SBK can quickly bring the benefit of a higher performance for long volume. And of course local volume and data locality and storage to barge in the past we only support V1 long disk. It's a based on fire system on host by V2 is a robot device. So you can dedicate a robot device for your volume and replica scheduling and anti affinity in the past alone only support no and zone. But for the community feedback. Most of people actually have a multiple disk on one note. They want replica can be considered that part as well. And that the replica more than one can can schedule on the same note by different disk. So right now we also support the disk repair scheduling anti affinity. Of course in the future this label auto rebalancing will be introduced as well. Right now it's no label. And from the ecosystem side. We talk about the volume cell flying capability could put this Kubernetes perceived violence. Yes. For the ecosystem part we have a data protection data service and data redemption and data protection is based on the replication encryption in seed in transit and arrest including the remote backup. And bureau protection based on data integrity for the station level. Someone asked me. At Kiosk today and data service. In class of nature. Reverse out of class of a guy restore and the other. Data reduction reduction because long is based on station. So the space consumption of a station matter. And we introduce few way to let you can manage. Well fail for us nation. So including a recurring job you can periodically clean up such up to measure such up. And also such a size and maximum number of such management. Of course bigger complexion. This is not all the feature list of course. But I want to in short time to let you know this is area along already cover. And how long work. Everyone people come to me as about what's a long desire or I always say very I always say very simple. Because the design is very straightforward. The first one is a control plan. It's a control brain is deployed by demon say we call it long manager is composed of a long controllers. The Kubernetes console very standard and reconsoling long customer resource. That's it. And data plans actually we have data plan few components. But the primary function for the data plan is understand some requests from the control plan to see when I need to manage or create the volume. When I need to operate like is tension is 10 or dream the volumes you understand and do the following stuff. So for the volume self is actually three components for it. The first one is a volume front ends for you. One is ice car seat for V2 is ambient over fabric and volume engine. We call is entry point for the I.O. Okay. And also here he have a control pot for the engine and downstream volume replica is the data placement. So your data will be set into the replicas and you can decide how many replicas you want. And of course by default Longhorn is three replicas. But it really depends on your usage. Some people are some use case your application level already have a replication. So you're not really rely on the longhorn to do a double replication. But you want to rely on the longhorn other capability like a backup station. So you can determine how many replicas you want. And the third one life cycle. The life cycle. I don't talk about the step provision. But basically it's around for dynamic provision is around the CSI. So all the CSI cycle components functionality. This is what we want to achieve. Actually we already support and trigger points of PVC and data placement. Like I said, long disc two type for seasonal host and robot device. So the left hand side, right hand side, there's a diagram on Longhorn documentation page as well. You can quickly understand the page. You can see your part you will request the volumes. And long will understand that because it's a dynamic provision and CSI cycle and we'll call the CSI drivers. We will understand that data point will create engine is the entry point for the volume and downstream replicas for the data placement. And we will understand which disc have more despise than others. Then we will press there. And if your world is part one is the manager manage wall for example, deployments or step aside.  And in short time when your world will bring up another notes long will understand to bring out a volume up. But replica is intact the same. So you can very short time to bring out the ice got the front end and engine process. So this is how long long will basically work. And like I say long manager is a control plan. So what does it really like look like? There's a CSI API is an interface. I call our long home CSI parking long CSI parking is wrong on each notes. If you are using a long for known for long home, there will be a long home CSI parking. And he will communicate with the long home manager through the API. We have we have an internal restaurant API for that. So long CSI can communicate with that. And we will serve a persistent customer resource to our Kubernetes API server for sure. But important part we will reconciling for each resource. Some some resource is a period period reconcil. But some resources actually event driven depends on the different scenario. And create a set of components for the violence. And the other important part the interface the going to the communicate with the long home manager, not just long CSI parking. You also long UI and long home customer resource. You can manage the long home by UI or even modify or create a long home customer resource for that. And replication, like I briefly explained a little bit. Yeah, you can request the part have a valid request. And no one will determine to create the engine next to your workload on the same notes. And communicate with the replicas on this note or even the other notes. And we have a configuration code data locality. So you will try to make the one of replicas next to your workload have a better performance. And of course, we all we also have a replica balancing. So if your workload somehow move and we will try to balance to make the replica next to your workload as well. Okay, this is a set patterns and the note down. There's the new parts run on another note and can create the engine connect to the easy replicas. But how about a number of replicas? Originally two replicas right now is one replicas know how long is that has the one location code still time out. So he can be confused prevailing or globally. And you will know, okay, I will not bring up the replica until it's a real since happens. Otherwise on probably the note will be come back because he's maintenance. No maintenance. So you will come back. We will not spend as high effort to rebuild about review replicas. But if you over the still time out, we will rebuild it. And also some real scenario is not is about the involuntary involuntary note reboot. Okay, Molly snapshot. Like I say, he's a standard chain. Copy and write. So initially there's the empty volume heads. The data will compete continue right into. And secondly, if you are have a special trigger by users or system station when we do in a backup, they will be automatic create a system station and the new body head will be create. And the previous station will become immutable and they just for read purpose. And continue for that. And the real data you see the volume content will be likely they want the right hand side, but it's actually combined with the all the multiple station together. And Snatch out actually if you are data intensive data, the volume, the volume difference will be will change frequently. So probably will be occupied more space than you expect. So long have like I say before space Snatch out space management. You can use the recurring job to train or even a merge delete Snatch out to merge your Snatch out to reduce the space consumption. And the McKinsey is based on Spotify for V1, but V2 SBDK. There's the logical volume to support that as well. And big up big guy is based on the Snatch out. But we use the reference count to make sure there's no. Not used data still pick up on the remote bigger targets. So you will see, for example, in these pictures, we pick up the Snatch out to and Snatch out three. So you will not see the Snatch out the the you only you only have some reference. There was there will be no duplicate data for that. And the reference count to understand, okay, this big up is reference to which block of data. And this is Snatch out Snatch out two is reference to that one. So there's no duplicate data for that. Okay, Rebiya rebuilding is also very important for long home because sometimes you will know will be done for some reasons, a special in one involuntary reason. So how long can make sure the number of replica available your volume because this is the purpose and the design for long home volume. So firstly, we will post the engine the front end. So the IO will be stopped a little bit, but we will take the Snatch out immediately. The Snatch out is very quick because it will just make the first body and had to become the first nation. Snatch out then create a new body and had then add a new replicat in the rewrite only modes and I'm post the engine. They sink a red snatch out to the new new set of the new new set of replicats and set a new replica rewrite rewrite. Okay. So this is for post the first create a new Snatch out and create a new replicats only live data. But right now we can support right now read for that. So the data can be continued for that. So continue for that for right. But you only can refund the easy replicats. But at the same time we will sink Snatch out because Snatch is immutable. And mark the new replica is rewrite. So the old IO can go into the both replicats. So this is replicats rebuilding and live upgrades. Every time when you upgrade long home, your volume is still running, still serving for your world law. But actually the engine process and replica process already be upgrade and concurrently and sequentially to make sure every engine every volume will be have a new engine process and a new replica process. So what we are doing is more like a program deployment. We will prepare another set of engine and replica process. But actually data is no movement. The replica is point to the same data. And later if engine and replica process get ready, we will point to the new engines and tear down the old engine and replica sets. So for the IO it always continues. Nothing change. Long disaster recovery, this is DR volume. A special if you are planning to have a standby cluster for your current cluster. So you can make a backup for your volume to a central middleware backup target, backup store. We support different type of backup store. S3, NFS, CIFS, some user-user GCP stuff. And as yours. So because of the four main, what we said is all the same. The only difference is the price and destination. So when you set up a backup target, backup store, you can backup your volume. Periodically to the remote backup. But the other volume is different. The other volume, when you pick up, he will immediately restore delta restore to the standby cluster. Even you are not activated the volume on that standby cluster. So when your cluster, for example, like a Kubernetes cluster in region eight has some problem. Disaster happens.  So this is DR volume purpose. Okay, we already talked about the different design, the patterns long has and behaviors. So what does the long home, the inside component really work? Okay, this is the diagram I can share with you. Now, no major demon said, like I say, and data plane, we call you instance manager. So when you deploy long home, you will see an instant major for that. And here I specified a V1 and V2 because in one fight, we introduced V2 data engine as a preview features. At that time, we make the one instant major to server two type of data engine. However, they will be called some problems because V2 data engine based on SBDK need higher resource consumption, a special dedicated CPU for that. Okay, and higher bigger huge page page memory for that as well. Then, and we realize when people use a V1, probably their environment is different. Probably home lab or age. And it does not really care about a high performance IO. They really care about to make sure we have a perceived violence for that scenario. So in one six, we introduce, we separate the instance managers. So when you install one six by default, he will enable the V1, but you can disable V1 in enable V2 exclusively. Of course, if you have a better resource set up and you can enable both. So we want to make it independent without any dependency in between. So this is the purpose. Okay, so when, like I say in the previous page, the interface will become come to the CSI driver or long home CR customer resource and go into a long home managers. He will communicate with the V1 instant managers. I didn't describe the detail in the instant major, but there are a lot of JRPG servers inside. Respond for different capabilities. So V1 instant major will be create for V1. For V1, you will create the front end Isakas target servers and V1 engine and V1 replica, local replica or remote replicas. The same for V2. We use the same design concept for V2. The primary reason for that, we want the users can quickly understand all the design for different type of data engine because when you use the V2 engine, you can see, okay, the same way, the same flow as the V1.  And when everything get ready, he will be available for your workload to consume. And share managers, share managers respond for rewrite manning. Just one step difference. For when we recognize our last volume request for rewrite manning, normal manager will understand and create a share manager part. And share manager part will use the normal volume created by instant manager and mung into the share manager part. And provide the NFS is for endpoint to the consumer workload. So this is most of case user want to use a long home, a special multiple workload want to use the same volume. And probably you think of this diagram, you're thinking, well, this is a single point of value, right? The share managers. So in one file, we introduce a recover backend for share manager. So when he fell over, it can be recovered quickly in short time. But eventually the HA is the target goal. So in one seven, we are doing some evaluation for share manager HA. So this is purpose to make it eventually HA. Back image manager. This is new stuff. Because long home not just useful application level workloads. And you also provide a bra volume, volume type. Okay. So some solution integrate long home is the bra volume because that kind of application is actually VN. And VN do want to use a long home because long home have a backing image concept. And that means your volume can be bring up not just empty raw volume, you can base on the raw image or QCALT2. And we will bring up your volume with the data set into the image. So the difference here, only two parts. When we know, okay, your storage cost defined, the volume should be from the back image. Long home know that, long home will bring up the, we call it back image data source. The source defined, we want to support, in the future support different source. But right now it's HTTP. So it's, it can get the back image from the remote, remote, remote source. And down into the backing image data source component will be delete. It's just a fertile on purpose, on demand part for downloading back image. Okay. Then you will be hand over to back image manager to respond for the back image distribution and the replication across know across the disk. Because back image will be used by replicats. Okay. So this is a point. Okay. V2 data engine. What's the V2 data engine? Simply say he's based on SPDK. We call it the second, the next generation of long home modeling. But he does not mean we will duplicate the V1 because we will keep the V1 continue improving the V1 performance. Like I said before, different environment setup, low spec, high spec, they will determine what the data engine want to use. Okay. He has a broad device concept. You have a different broad device defined, different function to represent the final broad device for workloads. Okay. So the most important, the protocol uses the NBME over fabrics. This is very, very important force to provide a higher performance for our V2 volumes. Okay. The similarly parts for V1 and V2, replicats, logical volume for V2, snapshot space file for V1, block cluster, block for V2, and sparse file extension, extend for V1. And back again, V1, BDF, and engine process, and NBME over fabric for V2 and Iskasi for V1. And cross node replicat connection, engine to connection, connect to the remote replicats can through the NBME over fabric, but V1 is homemade TCP protocol. We're doing. And this is just show, quickly showcase the difference. The part is a context switch between the kernel space and user space. So the right hand side is V2. So it will be higher efficient because no context switch for that. And also it's based on NBME over fabric. Okay. This what I say V1, Iskasi. We use Iskasi initiator of a client and Iskasi target will be bring up together with a long engine and replicats is a homemade solution. And for V2, or NBME CLI, right now is CLI, but we are planning to do aesthetic binding, probably not in 1.7, but eventually in 1.8, we want to do that because we want to decouple from NBME CLI. And engine is NBME over fabric target server together with the long engine. The same concept, then replicats will be logical or valid. And our performance, these are the important parts. So the red bar is the V2, the yellow bar is the V1, the blue bar is the local disk. You can quickly understand the difference gap here and bring V2 bring high performance NBME1. And throughput, because long is a multiple replicats, you will see the read case is higher than others also have an improvement than V1. Rendering right because we reach out the capacity of the underlying disk in our test bay. Let's see, again, you see the V1, high latency, but V2 is lower latency than V1. So this is very important to define a different position to use case when you want to have a higher performance for your workload. Okay, quickly, because no time. So 1.6.0, if you not try yet, give your try and give us feedback. 1.6.0, what we have right now, we have a volume station backup reverb for V2 and backup restore for V2. But backup restore is very interesting. We not just backup V2 volume and restore backup volume. You can backup V2 volume, restore to V1 volume. You can backup the V1 volume, restore to V2 volume. So this is purpose you want to make lamp seamless integrate depends on your different scenario use case. And separate the data plan for V1, V2, and M64. We make sure we just try it and make it happen in 1.6.0. You can run the M64 for V2 data engine. Pay for analysis I already mentioned. Talos, OKD, specific efficiency. You can manage how many stations you want, how many sites of stations usage you need. So in 1.6.0 we have a configuration for that global configuration or even volume space configuration. Bar volume encryption, we already have a five system volume encryption. Bar volume encryption is very beneficial for your world is the virtual machine. OK, no drain. This is very important for your non-maintenance because when you have less healthy replicas, nothing you can do before. But right now we introduce a broad for eviction. It will automatically evict your replica for you. And we also backport this feature to 1.5. OK, backup image, backup restore already coming into 1.6.0. What's next? So 1.6.1, we will release by this week.  And 1.7.0, what we want to do is feature parity for the V1 data engine in V2. Live upgrade, migration, replica rebuilding on light, backup image, violins, trim, expansion, and volume group. Snatch out already have a volume group of Snatch out. We want to integrate, but we also think about restore as well. And we are many HA experimental. So this is what we want to plan to do in the upcoming feature release in July. So please look in for it. Yeah, that's it. Any questions? OK, thank you. Long has a kiosk. So if you have any questions, you can come to ask me. I will be at kiosk next two days. OK, thank you.


Good morning guys welcome to day two of the accrues vlogs today is our Nassau day So we're going to Bahamas and we're gonna go to Atlantis and everything and maybe I'll see the cove Thing that like Aspen named her baby after but I don't know but I wanted to do a little OOTD for you guys I am wearing the same white shirt I did yesterday. So don't think I'm nerdy It's just because it matches really really well with these high-waisted shorts. These are from Luke and Gray This is from Zara the top and then I'm wearing it just some black tennis shoes And then I'm wearing the necklace that Spencer got me in my earrings. Look who's here She's up right and early sporting the purple there looking good for the Bahamas Wendy And then the ladies in here sharing Valerie Valor is wearing her blue and series already So we're gonna go to breakfast and then we're going to the Bahamas So hopefully you guys can see me in the frame because I can't like flip it around I can look in the mirror though Yes, this looks good. Yeah I just want to see if like this looks good because I think I'm going to vlog on the back camera because it's like better quality Also, I'm vlogging on my phone because we're going to the casino and I can't like vlog in there Made it to Cabana's for the breakfast. This is Sherry's absolute favorite thing on the cruise Sherry. Tell them Whoa a big Valerie had there to their at their station A variety of amazing events for you to enjoy these consult the Disney never gave up on your smart device or connect a paper Coffee and then you guys know, I don't really really like breakfast So I got some egg sausage some potatoes and I never have these so I decided to get some they're the Pellogs pops. I know those are so good. I never have them the ladies have their locks and bagels some fruits Sherry's locks and bagels Valerie has donuts. I love it when they have dried. I love the dried Pineapple with the fresh pineapple and her locks and bagels Do open face sandwiches. We went back to our rooms and changed a little bit new attire and I have yeah, I Just grabbed my jacket and I need to put on my sunglasses. It's kind of bright not too bright It's kind of cloudy. We are going to Atlantis over here is the Royal Caribbean ship That's what it looks like. It's huge Okay, so we made it and I think we're gonna get a taxi maybe we actually have to enter This is the Bahamas over here. There's our ship over there entrance to city High-five whoo-hoo sees it's four dollars a person Little mad Okay, deep breath This is definitely a very like classy part of the Bahamas You can tell now. I don't know if I'm gonna actually get some footage in there They're just like little shops like this. It's like a little strip mall But they have with like different clothing items Beachy stuff. All right, so this is inside the casino not literally inside. We're just barely outside There's cool crystal thing. We ended up walking around in the stores like Versace Gucci like all those like high-end Luxury stores. I'm like not doing a good job here. We went in all those stores and looked around I didn't want to film because there was like no one else in the store And I can't film in the casino because it's like illegal or something I don't know some weird rule onto the next clip. We'll probably be in the ship or somewhere else in the Bahamas I just wanted to film how pretty it is in here, and I guess oh, they're looking at the emeralds over here I'm sure you just took the glass out of there. I don't know but she's drinking out of a broken glass Okay guys, so we are heading out from the hotel. We're gonna go back on the cruise ship We'll probably get some snacks, and they're probably gonna cost like $80 because like everything's so expensive here because I think Like imported goods and like taxes and everything. So it's kind of annoying, but I'm a little hungry for like a snack-ish type food So we're just waiting here, and we're gonna get on a taxi to go back. Okay, so we are playing bingo now We went to like a trivia thing kind of like information about the dream like building the dream and everything We had a couple drinks, and we're now obviously playing bingo just like I said Winning tickets on one Yep, I don't know how much I don't know how much we're gonna win either, but hopefully we're gonna win We got the family pack. Yeah, let's put the two electronics here together. Are we gonna sit together Wendy? Yes, we are. Don't touch anything That's all you need to do. You ready Wendy? I'm ready to win this money. Action Look at this menu. It's all digital That's crazy guys. That's amazing Valerie's thrilled. Okay, do it one more time for Yeah, that's good. I think the viewers get it. Okay. Okay, so our drinks just got here This is the bill which I don't want to look at right now. I don't want to cry in my sorrows, but I got a little bracelet, which is a cute little souvenir and this is called the papilla I don't know it starts with a P, but it has ginger in it and it has papillon This looks like a dessert drink Papillion and then what did you guys get? All right, so this is a taste test Why is this strong? Sherry try yours She knew what to expect. That's right. It's good. Is it really sweet? I want to try it. I want to try it But let me try mine first. I love mine. Mine's very good Cheers A tradition on the go on the cruises because I won one time. It's not like we actually like anything It's kind of just like a tradition. So that's why we're doing this And the cherry just finished that cherry do it now do it now come on come on Okay, so what time's the next bingo? Okay, guys, so we are at animators palette again because we are oh, we're getting our menus. Oh, go ahead. Sorry at animators palette But not like all of the Because it's the same thing you would have seen the same stuff. It's fire night, but It's pretty much the same thing. There's sherry. I think I'm gonna get the filet mignon. I'm really really hungry Uh, that's a little strobie. Why don't you turn it on? Okay, so I got exactly what I wanted I got a filet mignon with asparagus broccoli and fries And valor got the same thing over there. She got broccoli and broccoli and sherry So sherry and windy got the same thing. What did you get? What'd you get windy cheese cake tart? Oh, thank you And then I have a mickey bar like normal. I love mickey bars What'd you get sherry a rum chocolate cake rum chocolate cake?  Oh my gosh. We got birthday stuff All right, wendy show us what we have here It's his eyes And the hat that is like so cool. They outdo themselves. They really do Okay, wendy. Tell us give us the update of what we're doing. They're making me go see frozen two guys. It's frozen two time I'm so excited. I've been waiting for this cruise to see frozen two. Wendy's not too excited about it. Valerie's um Let's just say she's a little tired back there And sherry's very enthusiastic and I'm excited I was gonna go no matter what I am very tired and I want to get to sleep But I really want to see frozen two. Okay, so this is the movie theater I'm trying to like go down the steps here, but we're seeing frozen two Uh, yeah, we can go a little closer. I'm so excited guys. This is a huge theater. They have a balcony up there I think I already showed you guys in the first video Just got our popcorn. Valerie got popcorn and a pop over there And I got a popcorn and look at this boozy water. It's glass. Tap it, wendy It's evian. Is that how you pronounce it? Evian. Evian. Oh snap Of our cruise. I hope you guys enjoyed this video Give it a thumbs up. Don't forget to subscribe and I'll see you guys in my next video. Bye


I don't often talk about specific philosophies, specific traditions in these videos, at least not so far, because I'm not particularly interested in following any particular tradition in attempting to recreate some kind of system or to do anything in that kind of organized way. I'm just interested in what works. I just want to know, I'm just thinking of ideas that can maybe change the way I think and help each other to maybe think about things in a new way and look at things in a different way. So it's not so much about referring to specific philosophies and their systems. I think it's up to each of us to create our own system. But I have to give credit to the ancient philosophy of Stoicism, because this school of philosophy is just so full of practical wisdom, practical advice. And even though I haven't mentioned them, I mean, some of what I've said in other videos certainly coincides with their teachings. In fact, a lot of the whole self-development movement, and if it can be called a movement, just the whole world of people talking about self-development and mindset and all this kind of thing, a lot of it, yeah, they already talked about it 2,000 years ago. They covered a lot of this stuff. And it's interesting to pull it back from their perspective. This is an old perspective from the world of the classical Mediterranean, far away times. And yet a lot of the teachings are just completely easily translatable and applicable to the world now and the way things are now. This is, they would have seen that these are the principles that don't change. Yes, all kinds of things change in the world, but there are basic principles that just tend to continue to be true because they reflect the way things are independent of whatever new technological change, new social change has happened. So one of the central teachings of the Stoics, this idea of making a division, dividing everything that we can think about between what we can control and what we cannot control. I find this to be very useful to remind myself because it's so easy to become very worried and concerned and maybe angry, preoccupied with things that are outside our control. Things that are up to other people, why are other people like this? Why are the people overall like this? Why are those in power this way? Why is the world going in this direction? Why are all these things happening around me? And it certainly is useful to, although we can have all kinds of discussions about all kinds of things going on, and it's not to say that we should just completely ignore them, but it's very useful to just be able to say, to ask myself, what can I actually control? Where are the points where I can actually make a difference? And we can see certainly in this situation is, we're being called, this is a calling to all of us because the things that are happening are so big and so, for the most part, outside our control. The whole changes that are going on both in the contagion itself and the response to the contagion, the lockdown policies, these are mostly out of our control. I mean, we can ask ourselves, to some degree, we can influence the contagion by our own behavior and try not to spread it, and we can influence the policies through our participation as citizens. But to go, even though there's that little bit of control, that little, we have that little bit of ability to one of millions be part of this and make a change, and that shouldn't be ignored. But to put too much energy into that and really trying to make change happen and make that our driving central focus, when it's, we have such a small bit of leverage on it, that seems like a recipe for frustration, unhappiness, and really mediocre results. Whereas if we can remind ourselves, what are the levers where that we can actually really make changes, we can really control, and that comes down to ourselves, our own actions, our own perspective on things, how we interpret things and how we act. That's something that we can control to a big degree. We can make big changes and have big effects in how we choose to run our day today. And that seems to be thinking about that and focusing on that seems to be a real bit of medicine for the whole world of worry and anxiety and feeling lost in the big picture. But within our own little picture, within our lives, we can start from there. And even if our ambition is still to make big changes out there, by starting with the simple or at least possible changes that we can make within ourselves, start to change the way we act today. And that can start to ripple out. So same simple, obvious concept, been around for many centuries, but so easy to forget. So that's why I'm reminding myself right now.