Chapter 20 of Wrong Ascent or Error 1. Causes of error, or how men come to give ascent contrary to probability. Knowledge, being to be had only of visible and certain truth, error is not a fault of our knowledge, but a mistake of our judgment giving ascent to that which is not true. But if ascent be grounded on likelihood, if the proper object and motive of our ascent be probability, and that probability consists in what is laid down in the far-going chapters, it will be demanded how men come to give their ascent contrary to probability. For there is nothing more common than contrariety of opinions, nothing more obvious than that one man wholly disbelieves what another only delts of, and a third steadfastly believes and firmly adheres to. The reasons were of, though they may be very various, yet I suppose may all be reduced to these four. 1. Want of proofs. 2. Want of ability to use them. 3. Want of will to see them. 4. Wrong measures of probability. 2. First cause of error. Want of proofs. First, by want of proofs, I do not mean only the want of those proofs which are nowhere extent and so are nowhere to be had, but the want even of those proofs which are in being, or might be procured. And thus men want proofs who have not the convenience or opportunity to make experiments and observations themselves, tending to the proof of any proposition, nor likewise the convenience to inquire into and collect the testimonies of others, and in this state are the greatest part of mankind who are given up to labor and enslaved to the necessity of their mean condition, whose lives are worn out only in the provisions for living. These men's opportunities of knowledge and inquiry are commonly as narrow as their fortunes, and their understandings are but little instructed when all their whole time and pains is laid out to still the croaking of their own bellies or the cries of their children. It is not to be expected that a man who drudges on all his life in a laborious trade should be more knowing in the variety of things done in the world than a pack horse who is driven constantly forwards and backwards in a narrow lane and dirty road only to market, should be skilled in the geography of the country. Nor is it at all more possible that he who wants leisure, books, and languages, and the opportunity of conversing with variety of men, should be in a condition to collect those testimonies and observations which are in being, and are necessary to make out many, may most, of the propositions that, in the societies of men, are judged of the greatest moment, or to find out grounds of assurance so great as the belief of the points he would build on them is thought necessary. So that a great part of mankind are, by the natural and unalterable state of things in this world and the constitution of human affairs, unavoidably given over to invincible ignorance of those proofs on which others build, and which are necessary to establish those opinions, the greatest part of men, having much to do to get the means of living, are not in a condition to look after those of learned and laborious inquiries. 3. Objection. What shall become of those who want proofs? Answered. What shall we say then? Are the greatest part of mankind by the necessity of their condition subjected to unavoidable ignorance in those things which are of greatest importance to them, for of those it is obvious to inquire? Have the bulk of mankind no other guide but accident and blind chance to conduct them to their happiness or misery? Are the current opinions and licensed guides of every country sufficient evidence and security to every man to venture his great concernments on? Nay, his everlasting happiness or misery? Or can those be the certain and infallible oracles and standards of truth which teach one thing in Christendom and another in Turkey? Or shall a poor countryman be eternally happy for having the chance to be born in Italy, or a day laborer be unavoidably lost because he had the ill luck to be born in England? Already some men may be to say some of these things I will not here examine, but this I am sure that men must allow one or other of these to be true. Let them choose which they please, or else grant that God has furnished men with faculties sufficient to direct them in the way they should take, if they will but seriously employ them that way when their ordinary vocations allow them the leisure. No man is so wholly taken up with the attendance on the means of living as to have no spare time at all to think of his soul and inform himself in matters of religion. Were men as intent upon this as they are on things of lower concernment, there are none so enslaved to the necessities of life who might not find some vacancies that might be husbanded to this advantage of their knowledge. 4. People hindered from inquiry Besides those whose improvements and informations are straightened by the narrowness of their fortunes, there are others whose largeness of fortune would plentifully enough supply books and other requisites for clearing of doubts and discovering of truth, but they are cooped up in close by the laws of their countries and the strict guards of those whose interest it is to keep them ignorant, lest, knowing more, they should believe the less in them. These are as far nay further from the liberty and opportunity of a fair inquiry than these poor and wretched laborers we before spoke of, and however they may seem high and great are confined to narrowness of thought and enslaved in that which should be the freest part of man, their understandings. This is generally the case of all those who live in places where care is taken to propagate truth without knowledge, where men are forced at a venture to be the religion of the country, and must therefore swallow down opinions as silly people do empiric pills, without knowing what they are made of or how they will work, and having nothing to do but believe that they will do the cure, but in this are much more miserable than they in that they are not at liberty to refuse swallowing what perhaps they had rather let alone, than to choose the physician to whose conduct they would trust themselves. 5. Second cause of error. Want of skill to use proofs. Secondly, those who want skill to use those evidences they have of probabilities, who cannot carry a train of consequences in their heads, nor weigh exactly the preponderance of contrary proofs and testimonies, making every circumstances due allowance, may be easily misled to assent to propositions that are not probable. There are some men of one, some but of two syllogisms, and no more, and others that can but advance one step further. These cannot always discern that side on which the strongest proofs lie, cannot constantly follow that which in itself is the more probable opinion. Now that there is such a difference between men in respect to their understandings, I think nobody who has had any conversation with his neighbors will question, though he never was at Westminster Hall or the exchange on the one hand, nor at Alms houses or bedlam on the other. Which great difference in men's intellectuals, whether it rises from any defect in the organs of the body, particularly adapted to thinking, or in the dullness and untractableness of those faculties for want of use, or as some think in the natural differences of men's souls themselves, or some, or all of these together, it matters not here to examine. Only this is evident, that there is a difference of degrees in men's understandings, apprehensions, and reasonings, to so great a latitude that one may, without doing injury to mankind, affirm that there is a greater distance between some men and others in this respect than between some men and some beasts. But how this comes about is a speculation, though of great consequence, yet not necessary to our present purpose. Six. Third cause of error. Want of will to use them. Thirdly, there is another sort of people who want proofs, not because they are out of their reach, but because they will not use them. Who, though they have riches and leisure enough and want neither parts nor learning, may yet, through their hot pursuit of pleasure or business, or else out of laziness or fear that the doctrines whose truths they would inquire into would not suit well with their opinions, lives, or designs, may never come to the knowledge of nor give their assent to those possibilities which lie so much within their view that to be convinced of them they need but turn their eyes that way. We know some men will not read a letter which is supposed to bring ill news, and many men forbear to cast up their accounts, or so much as think upon their estates, who have reason to fear their affairs are in no very good posture. How men whose plentiful fortunes allow them leisure to improve their understandings can satisfy themselves with a lazy ignorance I cannot tell. But me thinks they have a low opinion of their souls, who lay out all their incomes and provisions for the body and employ none of it to procure the means and helps of knowledge, who take great care to appear always in a neat and splendid outside, and would think themselves miserable in coarse clothes or a patched coat, and yet constantly suffer their minds to appear abroad in a pie-balled livery of coarse patches and borrowed shreds, such as it has pleased chance, or their country tailor, I mean the common opinion of those they have conversed with, to clothe them in. I will not hear mention how unreasonable this is for men that ever think of a future state and their concernment with it, which no rational man can avoid to do sometimes, nor shall I take notice what a shame and confusion it is to the greatest contammers of knowledge to be found ignorant in things they are concerned to know. But this at least is worth the consideration of those who call themselves gentlemen, that however they may think, credit, respect, power, and authority, the concomitance of their birth and fortune, yet they will find all these still carried away from them by men of lower condition, who surpass them in knowledge. They who are blind will always be led by those that see, or else fall into the ditch, and he is certainly the most subjected, the most enslaved, who is so in his understanding. In the foregoing instances some of the causes have been shown of wrong ascent, and how it comes to pass, that probable doctrines are not always received with an ascent, proportionable to the reasons which are to be had for their probability, but hitherto we have considered only such probabilities whose proofs do exist, but do not appear to him who embraced the air. 7. Fourth cause of error, wrong measures of probability, which are 4. Fourthly, there remains yet the last sort, who, even where the real probabilities appear and are plainly laid before them, do not admit of the conviction, nor yield unto manifest reasons, but do either suspend their ascent, or give it to the least probable opinion, and to this danger are those opposed who have taken up wrong measures of probability, which are, one, propositions that are in themselves certain and evident, but doubtful and false, taken up for principles, two, received hypothesis, three, predominant passions or inclinations, four, authority, eight, one, doubtful propositions taken for principles. The first and firmest ground of probability is the conformity anything has to our own knowledge, especially that part of our knowledge which we have embraced and continue to look on as principles. These have so great an influence upon our opinions that it is usually by them we judge of truth and measure probability. To that degree that what is inconsistent with our principles is so far from passing for probable with us that it will not be allowed possible. The reverence born to these principles is so great and their authority so paramount to all other that the testimony not only of other men, but the evidence of our own senses, are often rejected when they offer to vouch anything contrary to these established rules. How much the doctrine of innate principles and that principles are not to be proved or questioned has contributed to this I will not hear examine. This I readily grant that one truth cannot contradict another, but with all I take leave also to say that everyone ought very carefully to beware what he admits for a principle, to examine it strictly, and see whether he certainly knows it to be true of itself by its own evidence, or whether he does only with assurance believe it to be so upon the authority of others. For he hath a strong bias put into his understanding which will unavoidably misguide his assent, who hath imbibed wrong principles, and hath blindly given himself up to the authority of any opinion in itself not evidently true. Nine instilled in childhood There is nothing more ordinary than childrens receiving into their minds propositions, especially about matters of religion from their parents, nurses, or those about them, which being insinuated into their unwary as well as unbiased understandings, and fastened by degrees, are at least equally whether true or false, riveted there by long custom and education beyond all possibility of being pulled out again. For men, when they are grown up, reflecting upon their opinions, and finding those of this sort to be as ancient in their minds as their very memories, not having observed their early insinuation, nor by what means they got them, they are apt to reverence them as sacred things, and not to suffer them to be profaned, touched, or questioned. They looked on them as the Urim and Thumim set up in their minds immediately by God himself to be the great and unerring deciders of truth and falsehood, and the judges to which they are to appear in all manner of controversies. Ten of Irresistible Efficiency This opinion of his principles, let them be what they will, being once established in any one's mind, it is easy to be imagined what reception any proposition shall find, how clearly so ever proved, that shall invalidate their authority, or at all fort with these internal oracles, whereas the grossest absurdities and improbabilities, being but agreeable to such principles, go down glibly and are easily digested. The great obstinacy that is to be found in men firmly believing quite contrary opinions, though many times equally observed in the various religions of mankind, are as evident to prove as they are an unavoidable consequence of this way of reasoning from received traditional principles, so that men will disbelieve their own eyes, renounce the evidence of their senses, and give their own experience to lie, rather than admit of anything disagreeable to these sacred tenets. Take an intelligent Romanist, that from the first dawning of any notions in his understanding hath had this principle constantly inculcated, vis that he must believe as the church, i.e., those of his communion believes, or that the Pope is infallible, and this he never so much as heard questioned, till at forty or fifty years old he met with one of other principles. How is he prepared easily to swallow, not only against all probability, but even the clear evidence of his senses, the doctrine of transubstantiation? This principle has such an influence on his mind, that he will believe that to be flesh which he sees to be bread, and what way will you take to convince a man of any improbable opinion he holds, who, with some philosophers, hath laid down this as a foundation of reasoning, that he must believe his reason for so men improperly call arguments drawn from their principles against his senses. Let any enthusiast be principled that he and his teacher is inspired, and acted by an immediate communication of the Divine Spirit, and you in vain bring the evidence of clear reasons against his doctrine. Whoever therefore have imbibed wrong principles are not, in things inconsistent with these principles, to be moved by the most apparent and convincing probabilities, till they are so candid and ingenious to themselves as to be persuaded to examine even those very principles which many never suffer themselves to do. 11. Received Hypothesis Next to these are men whose understandings are cast into a mold and fashioned just to the size of a received hypothesis. The difference between these and the former is that they will admit of matter of fact and agree with dissenters in that, but differ only in assigning of reasons and explaining the manner of operation. These are not at that open defiance with their senses, with the former. They can endure to hearken to their information a little more patiently, but will by no means admit of their reports in the explanation of things, nor be prevailed on by probabilities which would convince them that things are not brought about, just after the same manner that they have decreed within themselves that they are. Would it not be an insufferable thing for a learned professor, and that which his scarlet would blush at, to have his authority of forty-six years standing wrought out of hard rock, Greek and Latin, with no small expense of time and candle, and confirmed by general tradition and a reverend beard, in an instant overturned by an upstart novelist? Can anyone expect that he should be made to confess that what he taught his scholars thirty years ago was all error and mistake, and that he sold them wrong words and ignorance at a very dear rate? What probabilities, I say, are sufficient to prevail in such a case? And whoever, by the most cogent arguments, will be prevailed with to disrobe himself at once, of all his old opinions, and pretenses to knowledge and learning, which with hard study he hath all this time been laboring for, and turn him out, start naked, inquest afresh of new notions? All the arguments that can be used will be as little able to prevail as the wind did with the traveler to part with his cloak, which he held only the faster. To this of wrong hypothesis may be reduced the errors that may be occasioned by a true hypothesis, or right principles, but not rightly understood. There is nothing more familiar than this. The instances of men contending for different opinions, which they all derive from the infallible truth of the Scripture, are an undeniable proof of it. All that call themselves Christians allow the text that says, a word in Greek, to carry in it the obligation of a very weighty duty. But yet, how very erroneous will one of these practices be, who understanding nothing but the French, take this rule with one translation to be, repentos vous? Repent, or with the other, fatis pentis? Dependence. 12. 3. Predominant Passions Probabilities which cross men's appetites and prevailing passions run the same fate. That ever so much probability hang on one side of a covetous man's reasoning, and money on the other, it is easy to foresee which will outweigh. Earthly minds, like mud-walls, resist the strongest batteries, and though perhaps sometimes the force of a clear argument may make some impression, yet they nevertheless stand firm, and keep out the enemy, truth, which would captivate or disturb them. Tell a man passionately in love that he is jilted. Bring a score of witnesses of the falsehood of his mistress. It is ten to one, but three kind words of hers shall invalidate all their testimonies. What suits our wishes is forwardly believed, is, I suppose, what every one hath more than once experimented, and though men cannot always openly gain say or resist the force of manifold probabilities that make against them, yet yield they not to the argument. Not but that it is the nature of the understanding constantly to close with the more probable side, but yet a man hath a power to suspend and restrain his inquiries, and not permit a full and satisfactory examination as far as the matter in question is capable and will bear it to be made. Until that is done, there will be always these two ways left of evading the most apparent probabilities. Thirteen. Two means of evading probabilities. One. Supposed fallacy latent in the words employed. First, that the arguments being, as for the most part they are, brought in words, there may be a fallacy latent in them, and the consequences being perhaps many in train, they may be some of them incoherent. There are very few discourses so short, clear, and consistent, to which most men may not, with satisfaction enough to themselves, raise this doubt, and from whose conviction they may not, without reproach of disingenuity, or unreasonableness, set themselves free with the old reply, non-persuadibus etiamsi persuaceris. Though I cannot answer, I will not yield. Fourteen. Supposed unknown arguments for the contrary. Secondly, manifest probabilities may be evaded in the assent withheld upon this suggestion, that I know not yet all that may be said on the contrary side, and therefore, though I be beaten, it is not necessary I should yield, not knowing what forces there are in reserve behind. This is a refuge against conviction so open and so wide, that it is hard to determine when a man is quite out of the verge of it. Fifteen. What probabilities naturally determine the assent? But yet there is some end of it, and a man having carefully inquired into all the grounds of probability and unlikeliness, down his utmost to inform himself in all particulars fairly, and cast up the sum total on both sides, may, in most cases, come to acknowledge upon the whole matter on which side the probability rests, wherein some proofs in matter of reason, being suppositions upon universal experience, are so cogent and clear, and some testimonies in matter of fact so universal, that he cannot refuse his assent. So that I think we may conclude that in propositions, where though the proofs in view are of most moment, yet there are sufficient grounds to suspect that there is either fallacy in words or certain proofs as considerable to be produced on the contrary side, their assent, suspense, or dissent are often voluntary actions. But where the proofs are such as make it highly probable, and there is not sufficient ground to suspect that there is either a fallacy of words which sober and serious consideration may discover, nor equally valid proofs yet undiscovered, latent on the other side, which also the nature of the thing may, in some cases, make plain to the considerate man, there I think a man who has weighed them can scarce refuse his assent to the side on which the greater probability appears. Whether it be probable that a promiscuous jumble of printing letters should often fall into a method and order which should stamp on paper a coherent discourse, or that a blind fortuitous concourse of atoms not guided by an understanding agent should frequently constitute the bodies of any species of animals. In these cases, in the like cases, I think nobody that considers them can be one jot at a stand which side to take, nor at all waver in his assent. Lastly, when there can be no supposition, the thing in its own nature, indifferent and wholly depending upon the testimony of witnesses, that there is as fair testimony against, as for the matter of fact detested, which by inquiry is to be learned, V.G., whether there was one thousand seven hundred years ago such a man at Rome as Julius Caesar, in all such cases, I say, I think it is not in any rational man's power to refuse his assent, but that it necessarily follows and closes with such probabilities. In other less clear cases, I think it is in man's power to suspend his assent, and perhaps content himself with the proofs he has, if they favor the opinion which suits with his inclination or interest, and to stop from further search. But that a man should afford his assent to that side on which the less probability appears to him seems to me utterly impracticable, and as impossible as it is to believe the same thing probable and improbable at the same time. Sixteen, where it is in our power to suspend our judgment. As knowledge is no more arbitrary than perception, so I think assent is no more in our power than knowledge. When the agreement of any two ideas appear to our minds, whether immediately or by the assistance of reason, I can no more refuse to perceive, no more avoid knowing it, than I can avoid seeing those objects which I turn my eyes to and look on in daylight. And what upon full examination I find the most probable, I cannot deny my assent. But though we cannot hinder our knowledge where the agreement is once perceived, nor our assent where the probability manifestly appears upon due consideration of all the measures of it, yet we can hinder both knowledge and assent by stopping our inquiry and not employing our faculties in the search of any truth. If it were not so, ignorance, air, or infidelity could not in any case be the fault. Thus, in some cases we can prevent or suspend our assent. But can a man versed in modern or ancient history doubt whether there is such a place as Rome, or whether there was such a man as Julius Caesar? Indeed, there are millions of truths that a man is not or may not think himself concerned to know, as whether our King Richard III was crooked or no, or whether Roger Bacon was a mathematician or a magician. In these, and such like cases where the assent one way or other is of no importance to the interest of any one, no action, no concernment of his following or depending thereon, there it is not strange that the mind should give itself up to the common opinion or render itself to the first comer. These, and the like opinions, are of so little weight and moment that, like motes in the sun, their tendencies are very rarely taken notice of. They are there, as it were, by chance, and the mind lets them float at liberty. But where the mind judges that the proposition has concernment in it, where the assent or not assenting is thought to draw consequences of moment after it and good and evil to depend on choosing or refusing the right side, the mind sets itself seriously to inquire and examine the probability. There I think it is not in our choice to take which side we please, if manifest odds appear on either. The greater probability, I think, in that case will determine the assent, and a man can no more avoid assenting or taking it to be true where he perceives the greater probability than he can avoid knowing it to be true where he perceives the agreement or disagreement of any two ideas. If this be so, the foundation of air will lie in wrong measures of probability, as the foundation of vice in wrong measures of good. 17. 5. Authority The fourth and last wrong measure of probability I shall take notice of, and which keeps in ignorance or ere more people than all the other together, is that which I have mentioned in the foregoing chapter. I mean the giving up of our assent to the common received opinions, either of our friends or party, neighborhood or country. How many men have no other grounds for their tenants than the supposed honesty or learning or number of those of the same profession? As if honest or bookish men could not air or truth were to be established by the vote of the multitude. Yet this with most men serves the turn. The tenant has had the attestation of reverend antiquity. It comes to me with the passport of former ages, and therefore I am secure in the reception I give it. Other men have been and are of the same opinion, for that is all is said, and therefore it is reasonable for me to embrace it. A man may more justifiably throw up cross and pile for his opinions, than take them up by such measures. All men are liable to error, and most men are in many points by passion or interest under temptation to it. If we could but see the secret motives that influenced the men of name and learning in the world and the leaders of the parties, we shall not always find that it was the embracing of truth for its own sake that made them espouse the doctrines they owned and maintained. This at least is certain, there is not an opinion so absurd which a man may not receive upon this ground. There is no error to be named which has not had its professors, and a man shall never want crooked paths to walk in if he thinks that he is in the right way, wherever he has the footsteps of others to follow. 18. Not so many men in heirs as is commonly supposed. But not withstanding the great noise is made in the world about heirs and opinions, I must do mankind that right as to say there are not so many men in heirs and wrong opinions as is commonly supposed. 18. Not that I think they embrace the truth, but indeed, because concerning those doctrines they keep such a stir about they have no thought, no opinion at all. For if anyone should a little cataclyse the greatest part of the partisans of most of the sex in the world he would not find concerning those matters they are so zealous for that they have any opinions of their own, much less would he have reason to think that they took them upon the examination of arguments and appearance of probability. They are resolved to stick to a party that education or interest has engaged them in, and there, like the common soldiers of an army, show their courage and warmth as their leaders direct, without ever examining or so much as knowing the cause they contend for. If a man's life shows that he has no serious regard for religion, for what reason should we think that he beats his head about the opinions of his church, and troubles himself to examine the grounds of this or that doctrine. It is enough for him to obey his leaders, to have his hand and his tongue ready for the support of the common cause, and thereby approve himself to those who can give him credit, preferment, or protection in that society. Thus men become professors of, and, combatants for, those opinions they were never convinced of nor proselytes to, no, nor ever had so much as floating in their heads. And the one cannot say there are fewer improbable or erroneous opinions in the world than there are, yet this is certain. There are fewer that actually assent to them, and mistake them for truths than I imagined. Recording by Chad Horner from Ballyclair in CUNY UNDER NORTHERN ARLAND, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland. Chapter 21 OF THE DEFICION OF THE SCIENCES 1. Science may be divided into three sorts. All that can fall within the compass of human understanding being either, first, the nature of things as they are in themselves, their relations, and their manner of operation, or secondly, that which man himself ought to do as a rational and voluntary agent for the attainment of any end, especially happiness, or thirdly, the ways and means whereby the knowledge of both, the one and the other, of these is attained and communicated. I think science may be divided properly into these three sorts. 2. First, Physica. First, the knowledge of things, as they are in their own proper beings, their constitution, properties, and operations, whereby I mean not only matter and body but spirits also, which have their proper natures, constitutions and operations, as well as bodies. This, in a little more enlarged sense of the word I call Word in Greek, Physica, or Natural Philosophy. The end of this is bare speculative truth, and whatsoever can afford the mind of man any such falls under this branch, whether it be God himself, angels, spirits, bodies, or any of their affections, as numbers and figures, etc. 3. Secondly, Partica. Secondly, Word in Greek, Partica. The skill of right applying our own powers and actions for the attainment of things good and useful. The most considerable under this head is Ethics, which is the seeking out those rules and measures of human actions which lead to happiness and the means to practice them. The end of this is not bare speculation and the knowledge of truth, but right, and a conduct suitable to it. 4. Thirdly, Word in Greek, Symmutica. Thirdly, the third branch may be called Word in Greek, Symmutica, or the Doctrine of Science. The most usual whereof being words. It is aptly enough termed also Word in Greek, Logica. The business whereof is to consider the nature of science. The mind makes use of, for the understanding of things, or conveying its knowledge to others for, since the things the mind contemplates are none of them besides itself. Percent to the understanding, it is necessary that something else, as a sign or representation of the thing it considers, should be present to it, and these are ideas. And because the scene of ideas that makes one man's thoughts cannot be laid open to the immediate view of another, nor laid up anywhere but in the memory, and no very sure repository, therefore to communicate our thoughts to one another, as well as record them for our own use, signs of our ideas are also necessary. Those which men have found most convenient, and therefore generally make use of, are articulate signs. The consideration then of ideas and words as the great instruments of knowledge makes no despicable part of their contemplation, who would take a view of human knowledge in the whole extent of it. And perhaps if they were distinctly wide and duly considered, they would afford us another sort of logic and critic. The mod we have been hitherto who end it with. Five, this is the first and most general division of the objects of our understanding. This seems to me the first and most general, as well as natural division of the objects of our understanding. For a man can employ his thoughts about nothing, but either the contemplation of things themselves for the discovery of truth, or about the things in his own power, which are his own actions, for the attainment of his own ends, or the signs the mind makes use of, both in the one and the other, and the right ordering of them, for its clearer information, all which three fizz things as they are in themselves knowable, actions as they depend on us in order to happiness, and the right use of signs in order to knowledge, being toto coello different. They seemed to me to be the three great provinces of the intellectual world, wholly, separate, and distinct, one from another, the end. End of section 22, recording by Chad Horner from Balli Clair in CUNY UNDER NORTHERN ARLAND, situated in the northeast of the island of Ireland. End of an essay concerning human understanding, Book 4 of Knowledge and Probability by John Locke.


There are a considerable number of ancient anomalies located within Egypt. These ancient feats of engineering litter sites and the quarries the stones were sourced and shaped at. And although many of you would have heard of Aswan Quarry, Elephantine may be a less familiar location to you, and for good reason. Not only are the pyramids one of the most perplexing near perfectly constructed and as yet unexplained ancient architectural accomplishments on Earth. But how an ancient civilization supposedly placed within permitted known archaeological history accomplished such a feat, or indeed why? What was their original purpose? Academic contradiction, a severe lack of anomalous artifacts explored, never mentioned or somehow conveniently go unnoticed. However, in the real world, beyond the boundaries of the fenced or so-called schools of education, thanks to our own work and the presentation of such a volume of inexplicable events, artifacts, ruins or megaliths, along with many others, allied within similar fields, independently funded researchers, investigative agents, and many more, sometimes even noticed first by a viewer credited with its rediscovery within our coverage. Thanks to all this movement working to expose such enigmas has meant that not only are these incredible characteristics now being documented, mentioned, popularized, photographed and studied more and more each day, now being recognized by more and more critically thinking individuals individually finding evidence of lost technologies that had until then either been undiscovered or deliberately overlooked by the funded academic. The vast catalog of unexplained architecture, again growing by the day, but also the often accompanying curious stone cuts, scars and striations, all clearly left by high-speed disc-cutting machine, a signature toolmark, identical to that which is left by modern day power tools, along with the still absent demonstration of the methods used to construct the pyramids, leads anyone to this ongoing and seemingly most controversial of arguments regarding the origins of the ruins found across Egypt. The Colossus of Memmon, each one weighing far over 1,000 tons, would sing every morning an amazing ability we have covered in a previous video, a curious characteristic reported all the way up until the Roman era. We also covered the thick layer of sea salt once found coating the pyramid's ground and underground caverns, along with a water line reported at around 40 meters up their sides, still visible during the Spanish invasion. This clearly suggests that the pyramids and their accompanying Sphinx are in reality so old they even had once been submerged in ocean waters. An ancient ocean which over the eons has shifted, leaving behind sediment in the form of the desert sands. There are many enormous ancient megalithic stones hidden in and around the three great pyramids of Egypt. Not only are their enormous ancient stones virtually hidden in plain sight, thus although walked across, largely overlooked, hardly ever mentioned and never explained in regards to their transport and placement as modern academia will never be able to provide a logical sound explanation for these feats. The casing stones, an area of interest we have explored and documented, not only displayed vastly different ages but also construction methods and types of stones sourced in use. Ultimately, undeniable proof of efforts to preserve the outer stones of these incredible ancient pyramids later on within their history. Signature tool marks, unique features such as protuberances, masonry shapes, polygonal stonewalling, and many other features which we have discovered during our explanations into the relics of lost antiquity. Yet Egypt's most intriguing assets and we feel the most baffling relics which all alternative historians should have within their debacle armory are undoubtedly to be found within the once abruptly abandoned quarries. The unfinished obelisk founded Aswan, being one such relic, the most well known of these incredible stones by a long way not only is the obelisk over 1,000 tons but also due to the identifiable scoop-like tool marks left upon its granite sides, a signature scarring which again we have so far found explored and shared this marking at many other ancient sites around the world. Who were the original builders of the Great Pyramids? Were they the same group that quarries Aswan? What tools did these people use to cut many of the relics still left at the Elephantine Island quarry? How can anyone gaze upon such precision stonework and not ponder? How did he accomplish such an incredible finish with such hard stone, with such soft chisels, and those made of copper? Not only do we find the currently attested tale of events vastly incomplete but in many ways virtually impossible. Predictably, we are often confronted with an illogical explanation as to the origins of many unexplainable ruins. Yet Egypt, in particular Aswan and Giza, were clearly the work of a group capable of working and building with 1,000 ton plus stones, with columns of pink Aswan granite weighing over 14 tons each over 10,000 kilometers to Baalback. Is this connection mere coincidence? Or are the builders of said sites connected somehow? Possibly one and the same? Questions we get closer to answering every day. We find it highly compelling. Neolithic man is often talked of as if he were a very different being to that of the modern man. Throughout the modern era, a well-funded, close-knit, often aristocratic academia has portrayed Neolithic man as an illiterate figure, often leopard print toga-wearing, club-wielding, bearded nincompoop, a grubby, forceful, filthy beast who had barely managed to master the art of creating fire, let alone complex language or societal behaviors. This paradigm of us emerging for the first time from the last Ice Age, developing into the complex advanced civilization we find ourselves in, means that Origins of Man is somewhat of a closed book. For to preserve this influential dominance within modern society, anything which contradicts this long-attested claim is simply thrown out. Discarded as an anomaly, and any who pursue such avenues of inquiry, a mere conspiracy theorist, this regardless of the evidence we so eagerly put forth in our defense. Countless, still existing, astonishing anomalies, unexplained, simply baffling feats of ancient engineering, so often covered here on our channel, either merely ignored or claimed as absent in explanation as to how, the work of our well-studied more recent ancestors, people who were simply incapable of completing such mammoth tasks. Many of these ancient ruins, claimed as more recent achievements, we feel, possess sufficient evidence to support far greater ages littering many said sites. Clearly built using far more advanced precision technologies and neolithic sites are of no exception. We believe here on the channel that the size of many of these highly eroded prehistoric stone trilithons, and indeed stones contained within many enormous dolmens, are also left by this ancient group, dolmens made using similar, if not identical, techniques throughout the world, from Scotland to Ireland to Japan, all of similar design and possessing inexplicable features, bored entrances, multi-ton megaliths. It is as if this group still possessed the knowledge of how to lift and work such stones, but had lost the technologies used to carve with precision. It is as if they were a surviving remnant of a once more capable, or more precisely, better equipped civilization. How did this ancient people, academically claimed as never having had any contact, build such similar structures? Or perhaps, more importantly, and the feature which initially attracted us to neolithic ruins, the size of their stonework? Megaliths often incorporated into their structures, forming trilithons or entrance tunnels with top slabs upon dolmens, sometimes up to 8 feet aloft, weighing well over 100 tons. Our discoveries at New Grange in Danor in Meath, Ireland, with a slab tunnel entrance, like so many neolithic granges and barrows, regardless of their size, once precisely aligned them with solstices, yet they remain mostly buried and thus most conveniently concealed. Some argue that the most impressive neolithic dwellings can be found dotting the Japanese landscape. However, we feel the most archaeological interesting of neolithic sites dot the United Kingdom, France, and some areas of the US, yet particularly Scotland and Ireland. Sites which have fragments of ancient symbols left within, celestial alignments, and a similar pattern decoration, or possibly coded message, which crop up over and over, especially one found all over the world of a strange enigmatic spiral. And although usually found sparsely decorating neolithic sites, barrows, and internal earthworks, its reoccurrence so regularly must indicate it as once having been significant and important to them in some way. Yet for some reason, gavernous is undoubtedly the most spectacular of them all.  Located in France, to have so many of these patterns clearly arranged in careful and concise manners by a people capable of aligning 100-plus-ton rocks with pinpoint accuracy, we feel should be perceived as a very deliberate and important undertaking, perhaps in an attempt to convey a message to a future people, a people far removed from themselves in terms of language, a fact they may have fully understood, having, as we believe, experienced global cataclysm within living memory, so encoded messages yet to be deciphered or even recognized as such hidden within symbolism rather than writings. Are gavernous's spirals mere decoration? If so, why go to such great efforts?  Whoever created gavernous and for whatever purpose remains a mystery yet to be solved. Gavernous is a place very much still unexplained, yet very rarely shared academically. As such, it is a place we find highly compelling. Multiple sites nowadays are often due to their immense age and their impossible characteristics yet to be explained, their size and precision, although clearly of an artificial, as yet unexplainable nature. Alas, if it contradicts modern paradigm, is deliberately overlooked and mass. Or, when claimed as a permitted known world history group's work, is always absent methodological explanations as to how they achieve these feats. Academics controlled via financial and vocational security. Ultimately, becoming the arch enemy of a field that should be dynamic in nature, ever-changing, expanding and accurate. A pioneering pursuit into the mysteries of history, and indeed ourselves in regards to true historical fact. A career of submissive deceit, many presumably went into the field with good intentions, yet quickly learned that they must toe the mainstream line if they were to survive. A theory that they all must know is fiction. They in unison defend and continue to push as conclusive fact. When the truth is, we have barely scratched the surface of the history of ourselves, or indeed the universe, the place we call home. The task of shipping the Lamasu would have shown the curators of London Museum and indeed all involved and all interested in this undertaking, just what an incredible feat the transportation of these statues must have once been. For the museum chose a mere modest statue and the arduous nine-month task, along with the custom-built ramps, would have shown them what we claim is clearly fact. They were fully aware of the unexplainable nature of the monuments, and the mystery of how they transported them more than a century ago. So, why all the secrets? Why hide our past? If we were introduced to the real mysteries currently hidden regarding life, it would inspire, free, and help so many people on their journey through life, as it enables us all to pursue a logical explanation in regards to where we all came from, or indeed why we are here. Many sites dot the earth, which have either experienced cataclysm, sea salt halfway up the pyramid sides, inner chambers coated, marine shells found around the Sphinx's base, a mega-metropolis recently rediscovered, abandoned, and reclaimed by the jungle of Guatemala, which once contained over 10 million civilians. Many other sites, mostly quarries due to the unfinished process stones that were underway, display abandonment of said work abruptly. Thus, not only is there evidence that can be found throughout the earth of past cataclysm and quarrying undertakings seemingly left, as if the culprits vanished, it is clear something happened. However, although if dated at more than the permitted chronology of man is denied as artificial, regardless of the obvious fact they were man-built, this same field, geology, have, however, become unwitting, unpredicted ally to the channel's overall mission. In other areas of our investigations, their dating of water redistribution, for example, how rivers, seas, and ice radically changes location geographically over thousands of years, and due to this geology, accurately dating when an area became submerged. The changing of the seas and the date in which these events occurred, with still flooded sites worldwide, a number of which we have so far covered. Bimini Road being one such anomaly, one of these artifacts that, although submerged, thanks to academia's astute studies into the dates at which water levels changed, allows for dates far earlier than currently attested timelines of man can allow. Due to these dates, and the fact that they were clearly once built upon dry land, gives each ruin a minimum age far older than academia can ever admit to. Floodings dated by these same geologists who were crucially initially unaware of their existence have dated many submerged ruins, including a number of pyramid complexes at far over 10-20,000 years old, with some floodings dated as occurring sometimes upwards of hundreds of thousands of years ago. For many of these sites, due to them not having been re-inhabited and left to the element since their original abandonment, are clearly intelligently created ruins with clear artificial origins. Doorcuts, right angles, even polygonal masonry, all denied as anything but geological by those who have even been there, yet again, due to Gornia Shoria's immense size, sediment build-ups, thus clearly prehistoric age, clearly proves any denial of artificial origin as an obvious conspiratorial lie. The fact that modern paradigm doesn't tell of any advanced civilization at this location within known history, thus no archaeological footprints left by a later people, relics which would have allowed academics to label said groups as undoubtedly the builders, and the undeniable evidence of prehistoric age, they must overlook such evidence. It must be overlooked or dismissed. The better at this you are, the more popular these institutions make you. If no civilization was ever recorded re-inhabiting an area at any time throughout permitted history, thus no archaeology, it is far too controversially old for academics to study, so the denial continues. Yet ironically, the undeniable is the ultimate weapon, slain by their own proverbial sword. The strategy of deceit is always succeeded by the truth, for the truth is grounded, unchanging, immovable, and founded upon a solid foundation. When such an occasion arises, the mere introduction of logical honesty, due to it being the truth, is far too fitting and in reflection of our regular expose of the lies littering modern teachings of history. The truth sticks. It resonates. Once the truth is exposed, it never dies. It is immortalized and unchanging. All we have ever wanted is for our viewers to ask themselves the questions we painstakingly search for the answers to ourselves, and we have dedicated a number of years of extremely hard work in amassing such a vast collection of stories, evidence, and other aspects supporting our work, regardless of MSM's reluctancy to ever promote, popularize, or pursue such subjects within their studies, papers, journals, or articles. Those towing the line of illogical dating and explanations for origins must deny the obvious artificial nature it's one or the other. We find all of these things highly compelling. The modern-day institution, man's way of organizing belief systems into their different clans, cult-like attitudes, often driven by an existential perception, specialisms of some form or merely a naturally occurring passion. They are either built around a certain series of events or an apparent fact or claim, which stand as the cornerstones of said institution. It is therefore within the profiteers of said ideologies' interests to not only suppress any evidence that may surface that would make their treasured institutions crumble to their very core foundation, but to actively destroy said relics whenever one gets an opportunity to do so. The Bamiyan Buddha, for example, apparently this monstrous carving perfectly bored into a sheer rock face in the Bamiyan Valley of central Afghanistan, is not only a relic, which we hypothesize, was left by a now lost civilization, but due to the facial features once masterfully depicted upon the statue, removed at some later time within history, carved flat, not only making its identification as Buddha questionable, it was for some reason completely destroyed during the Iraq War. Its destruction, I propose, supports our prior posit of it indeed being that of a lost civilization's work, this being the sole motive for such actions. Interestingly, hidden voids found behind the carving, if it were indeed a solid carving, as one would have once presumed when gazing upon it, how were these hollow chambers once placed behind said carving? Additionally, not only do most modern institutions deny any of the evidence we so often put forward on our channel, often in regards to a past lost civilization, but fields such as geology is simply actively riding off countless ancient sites and anomalies as simply geological coincidences. Their existence being an impossibility according to already established, supposedly concluded chronology for human civilization. One reoccurring strategy, which I like to call the pareidolia effect denial, as befallen countless sites of interest. One of the most hotly debated being the face on Mars, now simply dismissed as a trick of light, the intriguing pyramidal features nearby, which also somehow align with Pleiades. This denial strategy has condemned other said features here on Earth, some of which found in remote places that, according to modern academia, have simply never been inhabited. Thus, regardless of the artificial nature of such places as Gornia Shoria, must be dismissed as mere coincidental geological features. The ruins clearly amends age, often used in an unfortunate twist of fate, as support of such claims, as nature eventually reclaims all, thus the older the ruin, the easier this said denial strategy is to argue. That is, until now, in a modern era, where modern technology now allows us to collect a massive amount of information on simply anything, unexplained features, boop parts, and many other advanced, unexplained legacies of an antiquity, once hidden, now shared, far and wide, evidence which flies in the face of modern paradigm. This Charonian is yet another of these curious, clearly immensely old anomalies, that regardless of its form once being carved from extremely tough rock, maybe this is why our lost ancestors built with such enormous stones, and did so in an as-yet unexplained yet clearly highly advanced way, known as polygonal masonry. Perhaps they built like this so that their footprint here on our planet be long lived, designed to deliberately be resistant to the elements, to reach us now in the modern day, giving all of us an opportunity to understand the real history of our Earth, regardless of what others would like. We find all of these things highly compelling. Osaka Castle is one of the most intriguing of all of Japan's forgotten wonders, a place we have covered in the past. It was, we believe, like so many other inexplicable sites around the world, re-inhabited by our most recent of ancestors, placed within an academically permitted timeline of events. A chronology that, if one wishes to succeed in the mainstream, must toe the line of. For if one goes against the grain and explores the site with a critical mind, one can clearly see it contains a number of surviving features, which not only displays lost knowledge, thus the work of a lost civilization, which at some point in the very distant past built ruins all around the globe. Building countless polygonal ruins, which have, due to their incredible construction technique, fortunately survived into the modern era. However, it is not just its polygonal foundations, which show clear evidence of these elusive and consistently denied lost ancestors. Octopus rock, for example, also sometimes known as the drumstone, is the largest megalithic stone found within the walls within the castle's grounds. This giant stone, just like those of Baalback, is enormous. Estimates for its weight range from 100 to 300 tons, although it could of course be far heavier. However, even at these conservative estimates, any explanation of how ancient man accomplished such feats remains elusive. For the fact remains, the stone is of an incredible size, and to this day its placement, along with many others found throughout the world, remains unexplained and unknown. So, for one to conclude that this stone's use, its quarrying, transporting, and placement within this wall, was done by our less capable, more primitive post-ice age ancestors. Yet all these methods of building and lifting, the knowledge of how to do such tasks, somehow simply vanished through the ages, all of which now remaining a mystery even with computer technology. An explanation still evades us. Thus, to conclude this to be anything else than that of a relic, left by a far older, now lost civilization's work, we believe would be highly illogical, and should appear illogical to anyone with a capacity to dissect the purposes for these actions, taken by an academia claiming to hold all the answers. All the while, actively concealing or ignoring any conflicting controversial evidence, truths that due to their belief in their power, laying within their reluctance to ever admit an incorrect hypothesis for the origins of species or the timeline of man, thus this doubling down on fallacy merely makes their persistence at sticking to said posits not only a damaging conspiracy which robs us all of our heritage, but can also be perceived as an attempt to conceal anything which could alter this status quo. The octopus rock is an incredible feat of ancient engineering, and one, just like that of the polygonal masonry techniques that can be found at countless other sites the world over, is clearly a relic of a forgotten past, accomplished with the use of forgotten technology and knowledge. Just how big is octopus rock? How old is it for that matter? And how did our ancient ancestors accomplish these feats? As our research deepens and our studies widen, our target, that of a currently hidden lost civilization, becomes clearer in the mind every day, and it is only a matter of time before they are fully rediscovered. To deny such facts will eventually become too ludicrous. It is a journey of discovery which is undoubtedly highly compelling. When an ancient ruin is academically studied, it will often be attributed as the work of a far more recent already studied, thus previously permitted group placed within known history, often a group simply incapable of such undertakings. Furthermore, not only do many sites hold evidence of a far older yet far more advanced builder having once been responsible for their construction, but such sites can often share characteristics with ancient ruins found far away, features from a said site also found on another continent on the other side of the globe. False doors, for example, found over countless ancient ruins spanning much of the world. This reoccurrence, along with many other similar signature features, are far from mere coincidence and can only be explained by a past intercontinental, highly capable lost civilization, as we have postulated in the past in regards to many factors indicative of their megalithic legacy. Metal clamps identified on differing continents, varying in style and composition relative to what was presumably readily available, so although they differ in style, the knowledge of how to create and use such ancient technology had clearly been the work of this same civilization. The Pyramids of Uimer, for example, are six rectangular pyramids you would more than likely have never heard of and most certainly would not have been taught of their existence by modern mainstream academia. Built from lava stone without the use of mortar, they are uncannily reminiscent of many structures within the South Americas. They are located in the districts of Chacona, part of the town of Uimer, on the island of Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Spain. The structures have been attempted to be dismissed as nothing but 19th century buildings, argued as the byproduct of contemporary agricultural techniques, yet their infamous shape and the signature building techniques incorporated into said structures are undeniably found elsewhere on Earth. Other pyramids employing the same methods and materials of construction can be found in various sites on Tenerife. In Uimer itself, there were nine pyramids, any yet regardless of academics attesting to them being no more than a century old, only six of the pyramids survived to this day. In 1990, adventurer and publisher Thor Hayedal became aware of the Canarian pyramids by reading an article written by Francisco Pedron in the Tenerife newspaper Dario de Avizos detailing the quote, real pyramids of the Canaries. As Hayedal had hypothesized a transatlantic link between Egypt and Central America, which is a subtle way of saying a now lost, yet once global superpower who once ruled the waves, he became intrigued by the Uimer pyramids and relocated to Tenerife. Hayedal hypothesized that the Canarian pyramids formed a temporal and geographical stopping point on voyages between ancient Egypt and the so-called Mayan civilizations ruins, a claim we agree with, yet we posit that this contact was not between the Egyptians and Mayans, but was one and the same force, a far older, now lost world conquering civilization, an ingenious group who not only passed on their wisdom to every corner of the world, but even built in ways we are yet to understand. Unexplainable anomalies litter many ancient ruins to this day. Hayedal had predictably initiated a controversy with historians, esoterics, archaeologists, astronomers, most of mainstream academia staunchly opposed such claims. By suggesting such a hypothesis, which flies in the face of already established paradigms, his research was predictably never pursued further than Hayedal personally took it. Yet I feel he succeeded in publishing a ruthlessly honest opinion in regards to the ruins, regardless of what was already apparently established as fact. And along with our research within Basda caves, and the similarities, differentiations, and other investigative strategies utilized to support such an argument of a now lost, world-going super-civilization, we feel the evidence for our case is now all but overwhelming. There are far too many connecting factors to simply claim coincidence, and as the proof of this past civilization's capabilities becomes more apparent, and in turn researched, the closer we become to finally finding these now lost ancestors, it is a pursuit for the truth which we find highly compelling.


Thank you, Nancy. This game went sideways in the third quarter Oklahoma City started making shots Nets couldn't find any stops and then the Nets offense seemed to drag a bit and Things got disjointed. They never recovered Thunder gained confidence and the Nets never found their rhythm again Okay, see walks out of here with a very impressive win against Brooklyn Yeah, first thing give credit to Oklahoma City Thunder because they came in With a very effective game plan and a whole lot of effort and intensity and you said it I think they're confident just grew throughout the course of the game Because they were getting stops because they were getting some easy baskets in transition off of turnovers It just did a nice job throughout holding a steady pace Shea Gildes Alexander is a budding star in this league But it was the totality of the group and how they were able to be effective Kyrie Irving not with the team still out for personal reasons that remains a bit of a mystery as to when he'll be back and Really that they can't stop and wait for him because the games keep coming The Nets will take on the Denver Nuggets coming up Nuggets as we know a very tough team talented team expected to do big things In the Western Conference okc one of those unsung teams We didn't know much about going into this regular season They've made pretty clear statement that they've got young talent and They play really hard and as we know with the Nets every team that plays them This is a game they circle on their schedule when Kevin Durant's on the other side of the floor You know, they're gonna be eyeballs paying attention and Kevin Durant makes his return He puts up 36 points and does a job in each areas of the floor But I think it comes back to the same little things that Steve Nash in this group has struggled with so much of it Has been taking care of the basketball and how that not only affects your offense But it puts pressure on your defense and teams are aware of that and they're taking advantage So we're seeing different looks coverages the type of ball pressure and getting in passing lanes that forces that and if you Think Oklahoma City is able to put up numbers and score Just get ready for the Denver Nuggets because they have so many different weapons on the floor before the Nets once again It's early. It's an opportunity for them to look at how they're gonna shore up some of the gaps And I think to just the continued experimentation with the rotations what the line-ups look like who plays well with each Individual players. I think that's something that Nash and this coaching staff are continuing to assess and the rotation did change Bruce Brown was not a big part of it against Oklahoma City certainly now the experimenting part of it is still very real as They wait for Kyrie Irving Kevin Durant getting his footing back, but the Nets Couldn't get it done tonight second half was rough for Brooklyn Oklahoma City gets the win They're over 500 the Nets are now one game under 500


We're going to solve some problems using arrow way, OK? And then I broke down the first one for you so that we can try to start to explain our mathematical thinking on how we solve the problem, how place value helped us, OK? All right, so the first one says 56 plus 41. I want us to solve using the arrow way. So what number am I starting with, Camden? What number am I starting with? 56. And first I'm going to add my tens. So in the number 41 that I'm adding, how many tens do I have, Ashley? How many tens? Four tens. I have four tens, which would be worth how much? What would that value be? 40. So I'm going to first add 40. Go ahead, and on your paper, do the first step. Do 56 and add 40. Right here, Gianna, right here at the first one. 56, right here. We're doing the first one, and you're going to add 40. Go ahead.


eat stuff. But that's the part that, you know, the end result that I really want to be able to, like, and I think we're all kind of getting at that, like. Can we want to vet those qualitative parts of the report with you? And so perhaps that's an agenda for next time. We could bring simple reports addressing renovation versus new construction and different approaches to net zero, let's say, different EUI buildings and what the strategies would be. That was helpful. Like the lead report would start us helping with that, but maybe that's just not the right tool. It's a little bit ahead of where we are. We would have to have a lead meeting and go through goals in these different categories that sustainability sets. And I think it's something we'd love to do with you, but it's not the time, right? Yeah. Yeah, I am going to play a talk paper soon. No, I wanted to say if we go back to the beginning of our meeting, talking about the outreach, since now they are here, you can ask them a little bit. We need to plan a firm, a rich firm, and at some point we need the input of you guys what are the typical of what you do. Because we come from both sides of the phones, things, and then you say, now that's not the way we present. So we need, because at this point, we were thinking maybe I think that would be at the end of January. I guess we should briefly say that. We're going to form a small working group to begin talking about this. And I guess the probably the most efficient thing at this hour is to say, we're going to reach out to you and talk to you about how you do them and what the number we're thinking of and just we'll get back to you separately on that. Sounds good. Just because it's getting late in the afternoon. I mean, like the outreach. If we can't meet next week. Certainly the outreach group will probably try to do the working group. But I'm wondering if we need to have, would it make sense to have a working group around cost issues as well if we're not going to meet for an extended period of time? Somehow I would love to get through that narrative. I want to hear them talk about the narrative. I think I'll just, I don't disagree with the idea of potentially having a small working group that surfaces some scope issues or looks at scope issues, but I want to understand that narrative better and I think they need to guide us through that. Yeah, I think your cost, there's two front approach. One is the narrative and you'll see things that either you like or don't like and jump out. And then the benchmarking thing that we talked about, we'll come back and say, these are the things that are high or low and we can talk about why that is and then that also will be causing a discussion about. So what do you need from us before we have that meeting? So I'm wondering, do we need to have a working group or do we need to, you know? Well, we're going to need a little bit of time to generate, to do some benchmarking and identify the costs, deltas, and why they exist, why this is different than going down the road a couple weeks anyway. I don't think we're holding that way, but just at this stage, I would not be in favor of a working group on cost estimating. I think there's cost estimating things that concern and everyone probably has something to attribute there. And I would, maybe later, but right now I don't really think we should have a pair us down that way. Well, I'm wondering if we can bring closure to this evening or soon at least, so let me ask you what other questions that might be out there. What? Well, I think the punchline for tonight, the bated breath from the public is sort of like, how much is this building going to cost and the one well-known number that the public knows is what we voted on for the Wildwood project. And that was a $64 million price tag. And I believe that number was the whole first, you know, the one- The project budget. The project budget. And so I just wanted to confirm, I mean, I know it's still a moving number at this point. This is still just our first draft of this number, but the number to compare to would be the ones on the soft cost contingency at that evening, et cetera. So it was this page. Next one. One more. No, I think it's not. Those red numbers are project costs. The total project cost. I think we should not compare to Wildwood. That was not an issue at the beginning. No. I don't think you're saying that we should. I think you're warning people not to. Right. Okay.  If you compare the soft cost cost of a 10 million dollars to building without two cafeterias and two gyms. I mean, it's a different project in general, but just as far as The other one had one cafeteria, one gym. But you're absolutely right. It's a number that's out there that people are aware of and they're going to mentally make it over. It's, you know, it's the same cost, but it's a smaller pocket. Why, you know, it's going to, the comparison is just going to happen. So you just need to be able to, maybe it's a slide or it's just, that just talks about why it's a different project. I think what I, you know, I was just saying, please direct your comments to the chair. Yeah, I guess I'd rather, especially at this late hour, not want to start that conversation except to say that these are very different things to be looked at. And I would want, if we had to go there, I would want to understand all that we need to understand as part of our process long before I did that. But that's, that's kind of my part of the comment that it's not, they're not easily compared, certainly at this stage. Other questions, comments for this evening or shall we move to adjournments or? Eric? I move to adjournments. Second. All in favor. Thank you. There's a lot of questions that I realized. The questions are good. Yeah.


Good afternoon everyone and welcome. This is Melissa Arma with the Stock Swoosh, and I am reviewing here the QQQs So the market actually gapped down on Friday morning and just to review here where what it did and what exactly it did The market gapped under the previous day's bar So this was Thursday and it also gapped under the clothes. So the clothes on Thursday was 130-01 Then we gapped down here to what? 129.47 not a huge gap down but considering the fact that we've rallied literally My goodness look at that. We've rallied every day in the month of February every day. We rallied in the month of February That's crazy. We got two more days left So the funny thing is when I first glanced at the market in the morning on Friday morning just before I even started scanning for gaps I Just I just thought just a quick glance at the market was lower because I mean We've been up for a month Fell in Thursday gapped down Friday, but no and then after I Right before the open it might have been five minutes for the open two minutes for the open on Friday after I decided what gap to do and watch I Said to the room that the market was Gonna hold in the gap down and I said this is crazy and I said that to the room But no one's probably gonna believe me But I think the market actually holds today and rallies and if it doesn't get over the high from Thursday's bar It will by Monday, so it looks like we're gonna carry through tomorrow next week I mean, I think even if we gap down tomorrow, we carry through gap down gap neutral gap up We're gonna follow through and get over the high from Thursday make another brand new all-time high in the market So what are the next numbers 131 131 50 132 132 25? I mean there's just you know The QQQs are probably gonna hit 150 for the end of the year. That's only 20 points away I'm not saying we go straight there, but who knows I mean Deep pullback like people are wanting and dreaming and wishing they could have to go long into here Into 120. I don't see happening anytime soon. I'm not saying that it couldn't happen But I don't see it happening anytime soon anyways my ability to be able to read the market on Friday Which was possible and it just a fantastic call Spurned a discussion then that I'm gonna write up in a lecture that I'm gonna give out probably for the next week about the idea of Focus focusing on one thing which all I do is gaps mostly bearish gaps, but bullish gaps, too And I will tell you that that is how I'm able to predict something like Friday So when I seriously looked at it then before the open and to read the gap in the market the directional bias of it I saw then that we would hold and we did and actually we held in the first five minutes of the day And we continued higher and we almost really power-trended actually all day Let me just look here in the 15 minute where we started Well, we held held see how we faked and we faked lower here held the low Which I even said in the room when I was talking at 10 o'clock.  We didn't held and we really power-trend and it took off. Oh Really it was almost really like It was late 3 o'clock 315 Yeah, so nice move up and very bullish. I mean this is Proof more proof as if you needed any more that of the bullishness of the market and this has been on a steady incline I mean these are not big massive green bars We're just we've almost gapped up every day here and just held and gapped up a little held and gapped up a little More and held and then gapped up a neutral and gapped down and held and we gapped up Then we held neutral then we gapped up fell held gapped down rally got bought I mean look at this is what I'm talking about people I mean this is how you read this stuff in here and how I'm reading the gaps And so the the way that I read gaps is allow me to predict price action And I'm predicting that I'm telling you that we're higher. We're gonna get over Thursday's high tomorrow We're gonna get over Friday's high tomorrow. I'm probably Thursday's high because it's not that far away And we're gonna get over any matter what we do tomorrow in the gap Unless we gap down some massively so a neutral gap Small gap down medium gap down gap up either way is higher tomorrow for the overall market Unless we do some massive gap down which could happen, but I don't think so So this is how you can actually be successful. It's with the focus and When you allow the things to distract you other strategies other systems, you know stuff You heard the news whatever it does take away from your Heightened intuition, which I think is one of the reasons why I have an edge in my trading the focus I have the system I use I don't look at anything else I don't need anything else and it has allowed me to have a sixth sense and an intuition about Things like Friday it was an amazing call and I hardly did anyone in any trading room called the market higher It pre-market yesterday on Friday it before the market open So learn how to trade gaps with me if you want to next weekend March 4th and 5th email me at Melissa the stock switch comm for more information and You know, it's very exciting how bullish the market's been I I just know we could go to all kinds of different numbers. I don't want to predict too far out We'll just see where we go next week and play it out from month to month. Thanks everybody. Have a great weekend


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