a dead fish there's a few of them around here don't know why I do have a strange fascination with dead animals and creatures don't know if you see it on my Instagram I put up some pictures before I think I had a dead turtle found on the beach and a dead octopus I don't know they're just interest me sometimes I know it may seem quite strange we actually know it was a dead jellyfish I think there's one here as well very interesting to see yeah just like weird stuff like that don't really know the reason why it's just what I like of course I don't like to see things dead since it's already there might as well take a look at it what else we got here another fish some coconut shell another fish over here sorry if these images disturb anyone it's not intended to of course just playing around having some fun on the beach just drove a couple of hours to get here on the way to my next destination as you can see it is beautiful view fit off the beating path you know how I do I like to wander far away but yes let's get into the meat of this video there is something that the narcissist wants from you and I'm sure you've all been through it you all know what I'm talking about they do such weird things things that don't seem to make any sense things that have no logical meaning as you look at it sometimes and you wonder why are you doing that for what is the purpose of it what is your desired outcome or result because you're looking at it and it seems meaningless and purposeless as though there's just no reason or incentive for it and a lot of times it may even seem self-destructive I can tell you that yes well it may be purposeless there is also a purpose to it at the same time and what it is what they want from you is of course your reaction they want you to respond to them emotionally they want you to get all worked up all worried and confused it's where you don't know what's going on you're losing your mind you're running around just trying to figure things out just trying to sort things out for them because they will often present you with a problem and at times it may seem like there is no solution as though there's nothing you can say or do to resolve it and you're just scratching your head thinking what is this about what am I supposed to do because many of you may be in paths and you desire to resolve a situation you don't like conflict you don't like disagreements you just want peace and yet this person is coming to you with all of these problems and they're expecting you to fix it for them and you're the one who's doing all of the work you're overthinking you're over analyzing everything trying to just come to some sensible resolve or conclusion in the hopes that it will make peace between you and them but that's the thing and it is the reason why nothing ever gets resolved because what you want and what they want is very different it's like you're both sitting in the same boat but you're rowing in opposite directions and that is why it never seems to go anywhere because you want two completely different things you want a resolve you want peace quiet and maybe solitude but what the narcissist wants is your reaction and of course if there is a sense of resolve how are they going to get that from you which is why they will create all sorts of problems they will make false accusations against you they will spread rumors and gossip about you even though they know fully well a lot of times that none of it is even true yes a lot of times they are already aware of that they know that there's nothing wrong with you you're not bad you're not crazy you're not dangerous you're not any of that and they already know it but they also know that if there is no problem at all and you are after all fine you're okay you're not a threat to them maybe you're not even going to reject or abandon them you're not going to try to expose them you're not going to do anything that may be harmful or dangerous to them even though that may be the case and they may know that they may be aware of it what do they gain out of that because they've still got all of these mixed up emotions they're still going through it they still can't be happy so they look at it like what am I supposed to do just sit on my own somewhere of course that's something they cannot do which is why they have to create a narrative about you about you being this or that it's always the same no matter what type of narcissist you're dealing with no matter where you're from from any part of the world I know you all know exactly what I'm talking about the narcissist you're dealing with and I'm sure there'll be thousands of people who watch this video and they can all relate the narcissist always has to have some story some narrative about why they cannot trust or believe you about why you're a problem you're bad you're crazy you're wrong you're dangerous you're all of these things there's always some reason or excuse for their behavior but actually the reality is that they just want a reaction out of you that is really all that they care about they don't care about anything else and that is why people with this disorder they don't tend to experience long-term success because everything they say or do it's just intended to evoke a reaction and that's really all that it is and of course when someone's just going around trying to seek these reactions out of people of course it's not going to lead them anywhere because there's no definitive purpose or meaning to it it's just whatever emotion or feeling they're trying to provoke out of you and I know as an empath myself I can completely relate with all of you that are going through this it's very strange it's very confusing it causes you to overthink to overanalyze the situation it causes you to self reflect and look at yourself it causes self distrust self-blame and just just thinking about what have I got to do to convince them that there's nothing wrong with and it's like no matter what you do no matter how many hills you climb no matter how many years go by they just don't want to see things the way that you do because that is the thing when you finally wake up and you realize that actually there is no problem that is when you discover the real problem and that is a problem that you cannot fix because that problem exists with them it exists with their inability to regulate their own emotions their lack of self discipline and control which is why they have to continuously provoke and evoke these reactions out of you and I know it hurts you it harms you it confuses you it drives you insane they gas like you it causes you to believe that you're losing your memory perception or sanity and when you're going through all of that they're just sitting back and they're laughing at you it's bringing them amusement and enjoyment they're having a good laugh at your expense they're lying to you and they're enjoying it because the truth is that all they actually want is a reaction they do not care about you at all and you will notice that as soon as you pull back on your emotions you stop giving that to them you stop reacting watch how they respond it causes a narcissistic injury they get very angry they want to destroy you and that is how you should know when you pull back but yes all they want from you is a reaction that's all they care about and I know it's so simple for me to say this but I understand those of you you're going through it you feel like you're losing yourself because of this person which is why you have to affirm to yourself you have to validate yourself every day remind yourself that you are okay you may not be perfect but you're not as bad as they say and I know that because you found my videos you're trying to be a better person so you're alright you just need to remind yourself of that but you are okay and you're with a crazy person who is trying to make you crazy they're trying to drive you insane because if you haven't noticed already they do not find fulfillment in the same things that we do they do not find fulfillment in genuine interaction engagement a deep emotional connection they're self-absorbed that they like empathy that's not going to do anything for them which is why what narcissists do what they all do is that relationship that you want that connection the intimacy they just dangle it in front of you like a carrot on a stick and they leave you to chase after it but you never actually get that from them because they haven't even got it to give and yet they string you along they lie to you they future fake to make you believe that one day you're going to get it when you're never going to get back from the narcissist because there's just no incentive for them to do that it doesn't bring them any fulfillment and the reality is that they can't do that anyway they can't be vulnerable they can't connect they can't be intimate with you all they can do is give you the illusion of that they can only give you a simulation of love as I've said before the best you will ever get from them is an illusion and that is just something that you're going to have to accept they can't give you something that they don't have all they can do is lie to you and mislead you but what you should do is start connecting to yourself the most important relationship you will ever have is the relationship that you have with yourself and it's a very powerful experience when you do connect to yourself everything you thought you were looking for from the narcissist you can't actually find that from within and of course I do advise if it's safe for you to do so to go no contact with the narcissist because just imagine what it will be like to find another empath someone who doesn't have to lie or mislead you someone who wears their heart and their sleeve just like you do someone who can love the way that you love someone who will care about you the way that you cared about the narcissist just imagine how amazing that would feel to look into their eyes and to see them looking back at you and knowing that it is real you have this connection someone cares about you someone has your best interest in mind just imagine how amazing that would feel and when you realize that you will know that yes you do deserve better because all you've got from the narcissist up until now it's just a solution and they're dangling it dangling it in front of you like a carrot on a stick making you believe that one day you're going to get it you're going to get their love that appreciation of you when you're never going to get that from a narcissist they can't be vulnerable they can't do it and you're just going to have to accept it because at some point we have to take responsibility and realize that by staying with them we're just disappointing ourselves and not only that but we're disrespecting ourselves because that's not what we really want we want something more we want something special so when you're around the narcissist you are suppressing your true desires in a way you are neglecting yourself which is why at some point we have to wake up and realize that this is not what we want and when we do that we free ourselves we can invest more of our energy and emotions into ourselves and we can later use that to attract someone else who loves the way that we love and who wants to love us in the way that we want to be loved because that's the only way that it's going to work it's the only way that you're going to find any fulfillment in a relationship and it's the only way that you're going to have a solid future with someone and I make these videos because I know that's what you all deserve yes you deserve someone who loves you someone who accepts you someone who cares about you someone who treats you in the way that you treat them so it's a fair and equal exchange of value of love and I believe that that's how it should be if you can be vulnerable if you're willing to give your love to someone why shouldn't you receive love in return I know many of you you feel neglected you feel like this narcissist doesn't care about you and that's how you managed to find my videos because you wouldn't have found these videos if there wasn't a problem if something wasn't wrong with your relationship although we call them relationships but they're really just transactions and you always end up getting the short end of the stick just imagine that for a moment and let that guide you to where you need to be it's actually very healing when you do that when you visualize it in your mind when you fantasize about it that connection that you want where you feel loved where you feel special where someone can be open and vulnerable with you just imagine how amazing that would feel and it's not too late for you to experience that it all starts by you recognizing that you're not getting what you want right now you're not getting what you need you're not getting what you're craving that love intimacy and connection so yes that's really the message that I want to share with you because an assist as I said all they really want is a reaction that's all they really care about that's all they really desire from you they don't really care about love or intimacy but they like to see you try they like to see you try to help them to make them happy to chase after this illusion the simulation of love when they never even had that to give to you to begin with if they did then you would have gotten that a long time ago got my Kia parked up here quite a long road trip today I think I still got a few more hours to drive here you can see the mountains Vietnam seeing some pretty amazing views along my journey and we'll be sharing it with all of you very soon on my Instagram you don't know it's not survivor YouTube on Instagram you can follow me on there and see all of the pictures and videos of my travels but yeah that's all it really is that's all they really want from you is a reaction and if you look at everything they're trying to do they're just trying to provoke an emotional response from you but that is not a connection because they can't be vulnerable they can't open up to you so what good is that you just got something that looks good on the outside it doesn't have any real meaning or purpose so it's never going to satisfy you it's never going to bring you any fulfillment but yeah I wish the best for you and I hope that you will move on and find what you really want which of course as we know it's love intimacy a connection vulnerability a real relationship a future and yeah that's really what I wish for you anyway I'm gonna continue along my journey I still got quite a way to go I just like to thank you all for watching please give it a thumbs up down below if it was helpful and as always I will talk to you in another video very soon


DNA replication is by no means perfect. Many errors can arise throughout this complex process, and in this video we'll have a look at some of these. Gene mutations occur when the sequence of nucleic acids are altered in some way, which may or may not change the regular functioning of the protein. Mutations develop over time, especially with sustained exposure to environmental factors, including chemical agents such as cigarette toxins, UV radiation such as sun exposure, and infectious agents such as the HPV virus. When investigating the types of mutations that can occur, DNA replication errors can be split into two main categories, which include point mutations and chromosome mutations. These categories can be separated further into sub-mutation types. Point mutations involve only single nucleotide changes within the sequence, and can be divided into substitution, insertion, or deletion mutations. Substitution mutations can either be silent, nonsense, or missense mutations. Insertion and deletion mutations result in a frame shift. Let's talk more about these in detail. Substitution mutations are where single nucleotides in the sequence are changed with a different nucleotide. This can result in three different types of alterations to the DNA sequence, such as silent, nonsense, or missense mutations. Silent mutations are where the amino acid being encoded has not changed as a result of the new nucleotide. Nonsense mutations result in a stop codon being expressed instead of the original amino acid. An example of this is with hemophilia, as nonsense mutations occur within genes of blood clotting proteins, which can result in the development of this condition. Missense mutations are when the nucleotide change results in a new amino acid being encoded. An example of this is sickle cell anemia, which can occur due to various mutations, one of which includes a missense mutation in the hemoglobin gene, resulting in an amino acid change. Mutations to both copies of this gene can cause the blood cells to change into a sickle or crescent shape. Let's have a look at an example. You may recall that each amino acid is coded for by a single codon, which is a triplet of three nucleotides. Therefore, the mutation altering any three of these nucleotides may alter the encoded amino acid. Prior to the point mutation, the triplet TTC encoded the amino acid lysine. If this triplet were changed to TTT, the encoded amino acid would still be lysine. Since there is no change in the encoded amino acid, this is a silent mutation. In the second example, the triplet is changed to ATC. This happens to code for a stop codon, meaning that the DNA sequence after this triplet will no longer be encoded. This usually has a significant effect on the DNA sequence. However, if the triplet were changed to TCC, the amino acid would be arginine. This new amino acid may have similar or very different functions to lysine, which may then alter protein function. The remaining two types of point mutations include insertions and deletions. Insertion involves the addition of a single nucleotide into the DNA sequence, while deletion involves the removal of a nucleotide. Unlike substitution mutations, both insertions and deletion mutations produce a frame shift, which is where a triplet grouping of the DNA are altered. Once a triplet is altered within a sequence, the remainder of the sequence will also be affected. Let's take a look at an example for insertion. Prior to the nucleotide insertion, the DNA sequence produced the following amino acid sequence shown. After the addition of a C nucleotide to the third triplet indicated by the blue, you can see that the triplet groupings change for the rest of the sequence. Similarly, you can see that after the nucleotide insertion, the amino acids being encoded have also changed. If we look at this example for deletion, the T nucleotide in the fifth triplet in red is removed as shown by the bottom DNA sequence. This alters both the DNA and encoded amino acid sequence after the deletion point. Along with point mutations, you can also have chromosome mutations. Chromosome mutations differ from point mutations as they result in changes to large segments of DNA rather than just single nucleotides. This can result in drastic changes. As shown by the flowchart, chromosome mutations can be split into duplications, deletions, inversions, and translocations. Duplication mutations are where a segment of genetic material are spliced from a chromosome and are inserted into the homologous chromosome. Homologous chromosomes refer to the other chromosome in the pair, as chromosomes occur in pairs of two. Deletion mutations are where DNAs split at two points in the sequence, and this sequence of genetic material is lost. This deletion shortens the chromosome, which can have detrimental effects. Inversion mutations are where a segment of DNA is split at two points. This sequence is then rotated 180 degrees and then reinserted back into its original location on the same chromosome. Translocation mutations are where segments of DNA are removed from one chromosome and is inserted at a location on a non-homologous chromosome. These chromosome mutations can occur due to errors during meiosis, being that they arise on the chromosome. Meiosis involves significant genetic exchange to produce variability. The process of crossing over can be easily completed incorrectly. Chromosome mutations can be caused by unequal crossing over, where the chromosomes do not exchange equal amounts of DNA, non-destunction of chromosomes, where chromosomes do not correctly separate, as well as incorrect duplication of RNA. In summary, in this video we covered two different types of mutations that can arise, which were point mutations and chromosome mutations. The three types of point mutations that can occur include substitution, insertion, and deletion. Chromosome mutations, on the other hand, happen in four different ways, which include duplication, deletion, inversion, and translocation. By understanding the different types of mutations that can arise throughout the complex processes of DNA replication, we can also understand their potential effects on protein function.


Indonesia is feeling the impact of climate change in many ways, especially for more frequent and destructive natural disasters such as floods, droughts, and landslides. People experience the impact of climate change differently. Poor people, particularly poor women, are more vulnerable. This is because in many cases, women face challenges to access valuable resources like land, education, and finance. These things are needed to help people adapt to changes in their lives and to respond to crisis caused by climate change or other changes. Indonesia has made great strides in improving equality between women and men. There are social and structural barriers that still limit women's empowerment. These barriers need to be acknowledged and overcome. To help people in Indonesia face climate change, funding is needed for climate action. This means projects and programs that help people adapt or adjust to climate change and mitigate or reduce greenhouse gases that are causing climate change. Indonesia has several public financial mechanisms that can be used to fund climate actions. These mechanisms have existed for a while and climate change may not be their main objective. However, they can be used to fund activities such as planting trees, building water wells, building more energy efficient transfer systems, or installing renewable energy sources. All these are climate action because they help people adapt to climate change and reduce greenhouse gases. Only since 2016 that Indonesia has started accounting for how much of the state budget is allocated for climate action. This process is called climate budget tagging. According to data from the Ministry of Finance, Indonesia spent 8.7 billion US dollars or 5.4% of the country's total budget on climate action in 2018. Now that we realize Indonesia has spent billions in climate action, it is important that it can help women and men, the rich and the poor, equally. We found, however, that the way these funds are being allocated often do not take into account that men and women, the rich and the poor, have different needs. For example, some funds may want to reduce poverty by building forestry-based businesses. But you can't loan, for example, some funds may want to reduce poverty by building forestry-based businesses. But to get loans from this fund, people need to have business skills. Know about forestry and be part of cooperatives. And even if everyone is welcome to apply, it is practically impossible for women or the rural poor to get this loan because they can't meet the requirements. Women can be powerful forces in a society if they are not seen as just victims of climate change. They are contributing every day with their knowledge and their work to make the community and households resilient to climate change. But women's actions are often silent. In the background, unseen, unheard, unpaid. Climate change is a big issue affecting everyone, and we need everyone to help face it. To do that, climate finance mechanisms need to see and hear women and men equally and make sure they both benefit from funding the local level. Climate finance mechanisms need to be aware of these gender-related risks and limitations. Women may not be in institutions and meetings where decisions are made on how to use public funds. They may not get the information about the funds coming in and how they can access them. Even if there are women in these institutions and meetings, their views and thoughts may not be taken seriously or may not be expressed publicly due to traditions and cultures that define what women can and cannot do. Some financing mechanisms put conditions or requirements that may be much harder for women to fulfill. For example, land ownership or business skills. The belief that some decisions are much too technical for issues such as gender to be relevant. In fact, every technical decision has impact on people. For example, in projects on land rehabilitation, we often only think about which tree species grows the best, the fastest. But then, we should also think what trees bring the most benefits to women and men, and who owns the land, Who makes decisions? Who will end up working most in keeping these trees standing? Would planting these trees end up burdening people without giving them benefits? The trainings provided by local technical staff and extension services to communities about climate actions may be attended mostly by men. Trainers may use words that are incomprehensible to people, especially women, who are not used to getting such training. This means, even if there is a lot of women and men being trained, women may be less likely to understand the training. Certainly not because women are less intelligent, it is because the training is not designed to make sure everyone understands. There are some beliefs that what is good for the community is automatically good for women, but this is not always the case. There is a lack of capacity-building to stakeholders at all levels on how to integrate gender and climate change adaptation and mitigation actions. What should be done? Both women and men in all other groups in a society have different but important insights and experiences to contribute to designing and implementing equitable and effective climate change actions. And they should be fully included in decision-making relating to climate change financing at all levels. C4 and UNDP work together to provide practical solutions and also indicators on how to implement effective gender-responsive climate finance.


Welcome to the Artificial Life Advance class. This is T-minus 6, counting down to January 3rd, 2023, when we're going to have all this stuff working, we shall see. Last time, we had just started the growing diamonds running on the T2 tile grid. They had a couple of days on it last time. This is how it went. So, longtime viewers will recognize that as a crash storm when something goes wrong in the communication between the tiles, and one of them, you know, gets out of sync with the others, and the code is just not robust enough to figure out what to do about that. So, one of them goes down, and that takes the other ones down with it, and the whole thing went down. And I have another clip, a little montage of my thinking and what I ended up trying to do about it. Most distributions don't actually require the tile to reboot, but when you do the Linux level stuff, it does. And then I just basically stuck a growing diamond in just about every tile, figured, you know, what the heck, let them slug it out, and that's what they've been doing. Same thing, except they're much smaller because I put a lot more tile, a lot more diamonds in there to start with, with a similar pattern. At this point, it's a stress test, trying to get as many conflicts going, as many things jammed up, stuff going on, see what's going on. And there are a number of problems, although the crash storm, which is my big worry, so far we haven't seen it, but then it took like two weeks last time. Now, I mean, for example, there's still little issues in various places where things aren't moving, even though they technically could. How's it going to come out? We'll find out whenever we find out. So, you know, I'm a warrior, I worry about a lot, I worry about everything. So, and you know, one of the big things that I've been worrying about for years, I think that's true, is this, intertile packet failures, that the underlying mechanism won't be robust enough to handle it, and then the software level laid on top of it won't be robust enough to handle that, and so on. So, we shall see. So, that one happened. The interdiamond deadlocks, you know, we already have that. I think it has to do mostly with when the growing diamonds grow. Sometimes they really don't have enough space around them, or they did when the signals came in, but by the time the growth wave gets back out there, something has changed and they sometimes get jammed and things go a little bit wrong. Seems like maybe they need like, you know, a little cilia or something so that they could detect even further before deciding to grow diamond crashes, and then all these other things.  You know, so I don't know if this is going to work. We'll find out. Okay. And here we are, T-minus 6. We're supposed to have HC-3 sequencer a month ago. We did not, but we're going to have progress on that today. So instead of the state machines that we're supposed to have, we have HC-3 sequencer. So loop reshaper demo didn't work on it. HC-3 sequencer design did more than just design. We'll have a demo. So we're doing all kinds of parallel stuff, trying to get everything to be distributed and go all opportunistic all over the place. But now we're at the point where we deliberately want to have a serial thread of computation in a certain spot. And sequential computing is very powerful. It's what traditional computers do, of course, but it's also very fragile because the whole point is you do different things in the same place. So in fact, you're erasing what you did on the previous step when you go in with the next step, except for the little bit that you put out somewhere else. So what is a central processing unit without random access memory? It's kind of a Zen coin. So what I've come up with, I'm calling it the diamond sequencer, and it's a little bit awesome. I think we shall see, it's not like I've tried to program any of this stuff yet, just trying to get the infrastructure built so far. So here is a traditional CPU from Wikipedia, from Lamtron's picture. It's got a control unit that runs everything else, registers, that's temporary storage, the combinational logic, that's the part that does 2 plus 2 equals 4 and so on. And then it's got main memory, which is RAM, input from the outside world, output back out to the outside world, and main memory feeds instructions up to the control unit. And the movable feast machine, what we're using doesn't have main memory, kind of the point. The text in the Wikipedia page, a key component common to all CPUs, is the program counter, which tells you at any given moment which piece of main memory is supposed to go and be the instruction. And so what are we going to do? Don't have main memory, don't have a program counter. So still we know that we're going to need some kind of input from the outside, some kind of temporary storage. The question is where are we going to get the instructions from and how are we going to get them to the control unit without a program counter or main memory? And here's what I came up with, the diamond sequencer. It used to be HC3 sequencer. So this is part of a regular diamond. And this is the root of the diamond. So that part would actually be dead center if we had this thing growing out all the way. I put the diamond sequencer immediately north of the root, although it doesn't have to be there. This way it's in sort of convenient communication distance. If the instructions want to say something to the root like, oh, maybe you should increase your size a little bit or whatever. I put in these cross lines just to emphasize the four quadrants around the diamond sequencer because that's where we're going to put all of the other pieces of the CPU instead of trying to put it inside the diamond sequencer itself. So in all of the demos with the diamonds and the growing diamonds that we've seen in the last several updates, it's been one big wiggly yellow and blue lines going all over the place. But now we're going to actually have four separate loops that come through and they all meet at the diamond sequencer. And the idea is, is that the diamond sequencer is just a middleman. It doesn't really have hardly anything itself. And what it does is it assigns functions to the chains. So this one down here is going to be the instructions. And here's the temporary storage, the registers, the input, the output, and so on. And so the idea is, what's the program counter? Where are we going to go to find what instruction is next? It's whatever atom in the pocket chain happens to be right here next to the diamond sequencer in the quadrant that has instructions in it. And when an atom pocket chain, a suitable type finds itself there, it will say, oh, it's my turn to execute. I need to read from the input. And it doesn't even necessarily know what quadrant the input is. It consults the diamond sequencer, the middleman knows. That's the idea. And the beauty of this is that, you know, since the whole point is, we're giving up on random access memory. So we want to have things live where they are needed. We want to have them laid out in space in a way that's what we want them to do. So if we had stuff over here that was input that we read some input, and we now want to do some instructions from it or something like that, what do we have to do? We have to move them from over here down here? No. So the other thing the diamond sequencer does is it has a little 8-bit array saying what is the current assignment of functions to quadrants. I'm calling that a grip saying each of the four quadrants has this function now. And you can change the grip. So there it's 0, 1, 2, 3. That's the default setting. But we change it and now the instructions are coming from up here. Over here is registers input output and so forth. I don't know what it's going to be like to try to program this stuff. It's going to be crazy, but it's actually seems quite powerful, right? You could read a few instructions off the front of the instruction stream say and make copies of them in temporary storage and then change the grip to start executing those with the rest of the program, for example, now being the input, we shall see. Change the grip again and so forth. So the important point is that what really the diamond sequencer is just the control unit, all the registers input output combinational logic is all delegated to the chains and this guy just says when you're here, you're part of a program. So processor is rounded at the point. So okay, let's try to take a quick look at it. All right, so I've got this setup. See, here's the diamond sequencer right here. So we've got some custom rendering code. So at the moment, white, that's the instruction stream is to the northwest, red, that's output is northeast green is input, that's the southeast and the temporary storage registers is southwest. And the way my little test program works is the pocket chains that we have around it. Let's just let it run. Okay, well, it's working. So what this program does is the red ones in these in the pocket chains are the active ones, the ones that know about this little program. And when they discover that they are in the instruction pocket, which for example, this one is now here, because the process the diamond sequencer has been re gripped. So that instruction caches up here, when this one gets a chance to go, all it does is rotate the diamond sequencer grip on 90 degrees clockwise. And so there it is. And you see the the red ones flash white, they're a little bit late that they flash white when they realize that they were instructions. The reason that they're late is because we don't see them as white at the moment. We see them the next time they get displayed. And look at this. So it's doing a completely pointless program, but it's doing it in a way that's pulling instructions from all different quadrants. And it's doing it at the exact same time that the entire thing is moving and growing and living its little life. All right, we're starting to get there. All right. So that's the main thing we've got. Here is the title card for this time, engineering a new serial computer. Diamond sequencer. I give you diamond sequencer. We'll see. Again, I'm kind of excited about it now, but we'll see how I feel once I've tried to actually program this thing. In other news, the September computing up is out. Peter Norvig is an absolute legend in AI. We had a good conversation if you might be interested in checking that out. The next update will be September 27th. It will be T minus five and counting. The goal is to have a self-copying program demo. We'll see if that's even in the realm of possibility. We may need some loop reshaping stuff in order to get the copy out of the way. I have no idea how this is going to work, but if we can get that going, that will get a lot of the state machine stuff. We might be sort of be able to get back on track to catch up where we were supposed to be according to the spreadsheet. And again, have some fun. I've been trying to do this sequencing for a long time, and I've had a lot of hard starts and misfires and so on. And this may still misfire too. I don't know, but it feels right. It's got the Stigmergic, lay it out, use it as it lays, build everything so that it's where you need it, when you need it. We shall see. Thanks so much for taking a look. However you found this, I hope to see you again.


Hello everybody Andrea here with dental lmobile hygiene So I want to talk to you guys about what if a dentist has told you that your child has a cavity or many cavities And their best option is to get sleep sedation. So sleep dentistry Moderate sedation however, they called it but they want to put your child to sleep to get their cavities fixed So you do have other options I'm not saying that the dentist is wrong because absolutely not But let me tell you about a couple things that I look for in your child To really see what type of cavities they have and we might have a very strict oral hygiene routine at home I might suggest I come see your child once a month to apply a special liquid to their teeth to prevent their Cavities from getting worse, but that's so much better than sedating your child and having to pay $5,000 right if it's not needed. So let me show you guys a couple pictures. Okay I'm just gonna share my screen here. Um, so I want to show you a couple things. So First thing is what I first look for is which teeth have cavities and when they're going to lose their teeth So this is a great chart. You can find this online if you type in dental charting for kids Dental eruption for kids It shows when these teeth will come through the mouth and when they will lose those teeth Really pay attention to when they're going to lose those teeth and which tooth or teeth have cavities in them If they're going to lose that tooth in two months, you don't need to go through sedation I'm not saying to leave the cavity alone I would still come to your house because I'm a mobile dental hygienist I would apply a liquid called silver diming fluoride. It takes two seconds that will stop that cavity from getting worse If it's going to fall out in two months, that's all that's needed You do not need to go to the dentist have them drill out the cavity and fill the tooth if they're just going to lose it soon anyway But if they're going to lose that tooth in one year's time, let's say the option might be best to go to the dentist to Have that cavity fixed, but it does depend on other things I might suggest a high strength fluoride toothpaste at home I might suggest me coming in to apply that same liquid every month To kill that cavity before it gets worse and as long as your child's not in pain We can do that for the full year. So they never have to get sleep sedation or have a traumatizing experience But it does depend on a couple things.  Well, it's not little but it's moderate That is a cavity, but that's not as severe as let's say these cavities Okay, these black areas that have been eating away at the teeth for a while It looks like they've even chipped a tooth because of such a big cavity But then what about where's that other picture? I wanted to show you Oh, maybe I got rid of it somehow. Sorry guys. I did have another one But so it does depend on the different kinds of cavities Are do they look like this or are they more advanced where they look like this? So if I see your child and things do look like this, it still depends on when they're going to lose those teeth I can still apply that silver diamine fluoride liquid to kill any of those active bacterial cavities I can do that. I would definitely suggest a high strength Fluoride and xylitol toothpaste together to really protect the other teeth from getting cavities But to also prevent these cavities from getting bigger after I apply That special anti-cavity liquid that can only be applied by dental professional with something like this I might have to come in to see your child every two weeks Every month to apply that anti-cavity liquid the silver diamine fluoride And to make sure you guys are helping your child brush well with a high strength fluoride toothpaste with xylitol limiting as much sugar as possible drinking a lot of water But again, it depends. Let's say you're not able to brush their teeth well Let's say you don't have time for me to come every month or every two weeks and extreme cavities to apply the liquid Then I will say the cavities are going to get worse You need to have those fixed by a dentist ASAP or it's going to cause pain Cavities you guys are a dental disease in the mouth. It's a disease that's festering literally in the mouth They will get worse But if they're going to lose those teeth even these extreme ones, you know I don't know how old this patient is of course But if they're going to lose those teeth in two months Then why not save a lot of money? Have me apply that silver diamine fluoride liquid a fluoride varnish use the right toothpaste and that's fine If it's going to take a year to lose those teeth and you don't really want to brush better You can't limit the sugar for your child. Then I will say something different It really depends on the parents. It depends on the child What I like about this toothpaste you guys This is the fluoride toothpaste that I give to my patients quite often. Sorry if it takes a while to focus there It's a fluoride and xylitol toothpaste. Okay, it doesn't want to focus You can see like xylitol and fluoride here, but it's really blurry. Sorry guys. Anyway What I like about this toothpaste is it's clear and it doesn't taste like anything So even if your child has a favorite toothpaste, which most of them do Give them that toothpaste but put this toothpaste Over top of it. So they're getting the benefits of both They need a high strength fluoride and xylitol toothpaste with decay. Okay So if you have gone to the dentist and they're suggesting sedation, you do have other options I would love to have a look at your child in person and really determine what's going on I might say to you, you know what it is best to have sedation done or I might save you You know what we can really do something strict here. I'm going to see you Every month for the next six months, but we can prevent those cavities from getting worse we can prevent that child from not having pain and There you go They'll lose those teeth because sleep sedation is about $5,000 depending on the case It is traumatic you guys for parents and children. So if you don't have to go through that That's like my mission in life It really is to avoid sleep sedation in children because I find these days and I'm being honest with you I don't even know if I should say this but a lot of dentists That's what they go to when they see a child has decay. They don't ask you questions of are you brushing? They just assume you're not brushing. They don't ask questions like what toothpaste do you use? Well here try another one They don't say we're going to be seeing you every month from now on. Yeah, I know you don't want to see us But this will prevent further decay. They probably don't do that.  I'll see you in three months So I try to avoid that. So please comment below with any questions I'm so happy to help and I'll talk to you guys in the next video


The musical accompaniment is entrusted to the fanfare of the 11th Bersagliere Regiment of the 132nd Brigada Corazzarta Ariete di Orcenico Bordenone, directed by the Major Sergeant Luigi Vicedomini. For Colonel Matthew Garmlock, the outgoing commander of the United States Army Garrison, Italy, we give you thanks. We're grateful for his wit and wisdom, his challenging leadership, his professionalism, his dedication to the mission of the Vicenza military community. For our devotion, dedication and tireless efforts on behalf of the soldiers and the families of the U.S. Army Garrison, Italy, a single red rose is also being presented to Colonel Garmlock's daughters Penelope and Eliza, a bouquet of yellow roses to Mrs. Cathy Horrigan. The color yellow symbolizes the bright future of a tenure with a community and symbolizes a warm welcome to have from the U.S. Army Garrison, Italy team. At this time, the official party is moving forward for the traditionally passing of the colors. The history, traditions and accomplishment of the organization are embodied in its colors and with the transfer of the organization's legacy is passed as a building rock for future performance and achievement. Command Sergeant Major Dion will pass the organizational colors to the outgoing commander. In turn, Colonel Garmlock will pass the organizational colors to Mr. Mice, signifying the relinquishment of command. Mr. Mice will then pass the colors to Colonel Horrigan, signifying the trust and confidence that the U.S. Army installation management command and income Europe has in Colonel Horrigan. This exchange also signifies that Colonel Horrigan is now the commander of U.S. Army Garrison, Italy. Colonel Horrigan will then pass the organizational colors back to Command Sergeant Major Dion. This really is a significant event for the Vicenza military community and that includes our Italian hosts. We've been incredibly fortunate to have the leadership of Colonel Garmlock for the past two years. Senior civilians, commanders, command senior enlisted leaders, distinguished government officials, community leaders, family and friends from the Vicenza and Derby military communities, thank you for joining us at this very special ceremony. It's a very important occasion and you humble and honor us with your presence today on their critically important strategic role serving as the Army's power projection platform south of the Alps. Ladies and gentlemen, please join me in a round of applause for these great Garrison employees for all they do. This is the best Garrison in the United States Army. And it's a testament to Matt's leadership and all the teammates that he has and his great team that he's built. Italy is also a country of great writers and great poets. To not make any trouble, I prefer to remain humble and quote a pop singer instead. In the words of Cesar Cremonini, there is something great between us. Anyway, I feel the same way, largely because of the time I spent with family, teammates, colleagues, friends and community members from Vicenza and Pisa. You've all made me a better leader, a better officer and a better human being. Thank you. Ready Garrisons for a stronger Europe and we are the Army's home south of the Alps. What you do truly makes a difference for both the soldier, the civilian, as well as their family as they come and leave Italy. La nostra partnership es fuerte. Sono certe che insieme. Faremo grandi cose. I want to thank everyone for attending and I'll leave you with just one message from my predecessor. Una comunità. Grazie e buona giornata a tutti.


Greetings retro friends. Switches. These switches are the type that was used on the MSI 8080 computer front panel. They're pretty neat retro switches. I need a whole bunch of them for my retro project. The originals are C&K switches, but these paddle type rocker switches now come in any color you want, as long as it's black. I got these on eBay as surplus, but I discovered that you can buy the switch part without any cap, and they are cheaper. With the cap, a switch from NKK costs 5.25 US dollars. Without the cap, it's 3.61. So why not buy those, and then 3D print the caps? After all, I have an original one that I can model, and I can print them in any color I want, as long as there's ABS filament for it. So I did, and it's on Thingiverse, link down below. Here I printed four in a darker blue than this original one. Do they work? Yes. Yes they do.


When looking at the income tax equation, we're focused on line one now, that being income. Remember with the income tax equation, the first half of the formula will in essence be an income statement, this being an income tax, although a strange income statement, but it starts where we would expect, which is the income line and then we have the expenses which are reflected here in the form of deductions, the above the line deductions or adjustments to income, the below the line deductions or the greater of the standard or the itemized deductions to get to the equivalent of in essence net income, in this case the taxable income, the second half of the equation then is going to be focused on the calculation of the tax and then applying any other taxes, credits and the payments to get to the tax refund or the amount due. So now we're focused basically up top on unlike the income statement type of calculation to get down to that taxable income as we're focusing in on the income line. Now normally when you think of an income statement, obviously income is good, expenses which are the equivalent of deductions are typically bad but when you're looking at taxes, everything is flipped on its head, income is actually bad because if I have to include the income on the tax return that means I'm gonna get a higher taxable income and I'm typically going to be paying taxes on it and then the expenses or deductions are good because if I'm able to claim the deduction that's gonna lower the amount of net income or taxable income which will lower the amount of taxes. So then what we would like to be able to have is to actually earn income which I'm not legally required to report on the income statement to pay taxes on. That's kind of what we would like to be having from a tax standpoint and we would like to have the expenses that I can incur because I want to incur them for whatever reason to help me to live well and possibly get a deduction for them if I'm legally required or able to to lower the taxable income. So that means that on the income line it looks pretty straightforward. You can imagine many situations where it is straightforward. If you just are a W-2 employee then obviously you're gonna get the income reported on the form W-2 pretty basic but you can imagine many many many scenarios where income gets a lot more gray in terms of is this something I have to include as taxable income. If I found a hundred dollars on the ground do I have to include it as a taxable income which could be subject then to taxes.


Hi everybody, we're back. This is Dave Vellante of Wikibon.org and this is SiliconAngle.com's continuous coverage of HP Discover, we're in Frankfurt, we're live. This is theCUBE, where we go out, we extract the signal from the noise, we try to find the guests that are really experts in their particular domains. We try to cover this, events like this like a blanket. We have with us Alistair Veach, who's the member of HP Labs, he's the director of storage and information management platforms within HP Labs. And he's been very intimately involved in a couple of innovations, notably store once and express query that have come out of HP Labs. Now, HP Labs has been criticized by a lot of outsiders and frankly some insiders as not bringing enough innovation to market that can be commercialized. These are two examples now in very recent history that we've seen and Alistair, you're involved in both of them. First of all, welcome to theCUBE. Thanks Dave, great to be here. Good to have you and so we're here to discover 9,000 people. Big event, we did HP Discover in Las Vegas earlier this year in June. I guess it's similarly sized, a little bigger actually, but comparable. So how are you spending your time here? You was just meeting with customers? Doing stuff like this? Yeah, stuff like this, meeting with customers, manning a couple of the booths. We've got some demos here showing everybody who comes along, our partners, customers, some of the internal sales, how these new technologies work and what's coming up in the future. So in the last, say 10 years in this industry, we've seen a real shift in the way that large organizations behave and one of those changes is they've gone out and started making many, many, many acquisitions. HP certainly participated in that trend or Oracle, IBM, virtually everybody, EMC. It's necessary and a big part of the reason for that is R&D is risky. There's a lot of hit and hope in R&D. But at the same time, you've got to do it because some of the world's greatest innovations comes out of R&D, you've got to compliment that with inorganic acquisitions. Now, as I said up front, HP Labs, there was sort of a gap in some of the commercialization of some of those inventions. Two that are recent, Store Once and Express Query came out of your group. So let's talk about those. So let's start with Store Once. Take us back to the beginning. What did you guys have the idea? I mean, data de-duplication is not anything new. You guys came up with it, I guess, what, a couple years ago? Three, three years ago, with the first set of announcements. Yeah, okay, so take us back to when you guys started first working on it. So we probably started working on this six years ago, actually. And we were talking with our partners in the storage business and they knew they had to move to online disk-based devices, basically. And they came to us and talking to them. We had some people who had been looking at different forms of de-duplication, storage of large data, and removing the duplicate parts. And we realized we had a really good match here. So we focused down on that particular research and figured out how we could apply that to virtual tape library systems, basically. Which is what the store want system is. And figured out what the optimal algorithms were, what the real problems were, and how we could make that the most efficient system that we could. Came up with what we think are some really, really great algorithms for doing this. And the big advantage our stuff has is that it lets you not only de-duplicate the data, but when you come to restore it, for instance, it's many times, you know, five times faster than our competitors on the restoration. Now, a lot of people think, okay, it's just de-duplication. Lots of people can do that. We do that, but we also optimize for that restore process. And for backup, that's really important. A lot of people don't think about that. Now, is that capability algorithmic, or is it architectural, or a combination of those? It's a combination of those. It's in the algorithms we use to de-duplicate. And then how we lay out the data and how we store it to enable us to retrieve it really quickly. Okay, and I presume there's patents associated with much of this? Yes, there are. Can you talk about that a little bit? I mean, how many have you filed, or are they public at this point? Dozens, a handful? There's several dozen. Several dozen patents and claims around all those core technologies, yes. Okay, now, one of the other things that HP touts with regard to its store once technology is the ability to take that technology and to put it in a lot of different places. So I infer from that, you could use it for backup on hardware devices, like the store wants B60, whatever 100 it is. But also, you could put it into software in theory. You could put it onto primary storage devices. Is that true? So it's more optimized for the backup sort of streaming applications. And that's because of performance, or? The nature of the algorithms. You want different sorts of algorithms for primary storage a lot of the time. But one of the interesting things, you know, you say software, so we've taken that core de-duplication technology and we've integrated it into data protector. So you can get, yeah, and so that allows us to get that really high efficiency of the de-duplication. We can do it client side, backup side. We can move that data around the system. We don't have to essentially re-hydrate the data to move it somewhere else. We keep it in its de-duplicated form and can do lots of things with it. So I was poking at primary storage before and you confirmed that you got to have different algorithms to really not get in the way of performance, really is, I would presume. But at the same time, you see, you guys have had a lot of success in three part with things like thin provisioning and others have had as well. Things like compression and de-duplication. Can you leverage what you're doing now and how do you see that going into primary storage? Because I'd like all my storage to be more efficient. Yes, yes. Certainly you can and we are. There's lots of interesting things to do there. You know, the thin provisioning that we already have actually buys you a lot. Compression is built into some of our systems now as well and the de-duplication opportunities are there. It's just that they don't tend to be as extreme an advantage in primary storage because unlike backup, you know, you're saving the same thing over and over and over again. There's a huge amount of opportunity in backup. The opportunities there in primary storage, it's just not as much. Yeah, you might get a 10 to one or a 15 to one or a 40 or 50 to one, depending on the mix of data, right? Yes. In backup, whereas in primary, you might be lucky if you can get two to one. Yeah. So, okay. So that's, I think I'm inferring the value proposition of saying it's higher for backup. That's why you started there. Let's talk about Express Query. Can you describe for our audience what that is and then we can talk about some of the use cases? So Express Query is something we've just announced. We did all the announcements in the last day or so. And Express Query is a capability in our store all product line, which we've just announced as well. And basically we're looking at this issue of metadata management in our storage systems. So metadata is information about the data. And we've been working for a couple of years on the premise that knowing what you have, especially in these big data systems, you've got millions, hundreds of millions, billions of files that you have to manage and figure out what they are and who touched them and when they touched them and everything about them basically. And all of that information is metadata. So we wanted to store all of this and then be able to query that information. And we started out looking at, okay, we'll just throw this data into a database because that's what they're supposed to be good for and realized very quickly that for storage purposes, a conventional database just didn't cut it. We found all sorts of performance problems as you tried to scale up to these billions of pieces of information about files. And you're also updating it very frequently. You're putting new files into the system or writing to files, changing various attributes, pieces of these metadata. And if you're trying to do queries at the same time with a large amount of information and these rapid rates of updates, we figured out that the conventional databases just weren't cutting it. So we had to develop our own sort of specialized database technology to store this sort of information. And then we spent some time integrating it into our product group, the new store all product. And now we can essentially keep all of this information, store it very, very efficiently and query it extremely fast. So we did a benchmark on a 500 million, half a billion files in a single file system. And one of the things that, for instance, if you have to scan and find all of the files that meet a certain attribute, maybe in autonomy's use case or backup use case, you have to find all the files that have been changed, for instance, in the last hour or day or week, since the last time you looked. Or maybe you're a system administrator and you want to find all the files that have been written by a certain user in the past day or week, or just all of the files that are greater than a certain size because you're running out of space. And that takes on these very large file systems that can take days, literally days, to get a response back to one of these queries. And using the Express Query stuff, we get that 100,000 times faster. It's a second. 100,000 times faster. I mean, so something that takes a half a day to run a job on, you can do in less than a second. Yeah, absolutely. Yep. Yeah, right. Significantly less than a second. That's amazing. So, and the enabler there was a combination of things, but part of it was that you developed your own database system. What's the nature of that system? So, it's optimized for, as I said, the rapid incoming information. And what we do, actually, in a conventional database system, what you do is you process that right then and there, and you're trying to update indices and things like that. What we do is we actually put a lot of that processing into the background, where it doesn't affect the foreground workload or anything else or the other operations that are going on in your file system. And we update everything in the background, make sure it's consistent, and then we make it available to the user for query. So, I was really intrigued by this announcement, the store all announcement generally, but specifically the Express Query piece of it, because we've been pounding on this metadata. If we have time, I want to talk to you about that, but what about applying this technology to Hadoop, where you've got these big batch jobs that, and bringing real time to that environment is very difficult. Is there a play there, or is it oil and water? It's a tenuous connection, to be honest with you. You could use, or you can use, store all quite effectively with Hadoop type systems and data processing, because we have the multiple servers, it's a scale out system, and the data is partitioned across them. But the Express Query set of features is not something that you generally use in a Hadoop name system. They're sort of taking these large files and running the map and reduce across those files. Yeah, but so once I find my nuggets, so I got all this data, I want to search on that data. I want to query that data, so why wouldn't it be? Yes, that's certainly you can do. And one of the great features that we've put into Express Query is the ability for users or administrators or new applications to actually define their own types of metadata. So you can put arbitrary pieces of information in and attach them to your files or directories. So if you've got an image library, for instance, you might want to tag all of the images with, you know, this is an image of a fish or a plant or whatever it was or my holiday.  Another example I like to use is, you know, imagine a medical imaging application. You've got images coming off of an MRI machine, for instance. You might want to tag those images with, you know, the identity of the machine, the technician running it, the doctor, the patient. All of that sort of information you can now store into the file system directly and then search it extremely efficiently and retrieve it. Yeah, so now the other piece I wanted to talk about, I think we do have time, is this whole metadata piece. We just put out a piece on wikibon.org around defining software-led infrastructure. And we follow that up with the software-led storage piece. But essentially what we said is, look, software-led infrastructure is running services as software on top of commodity and standardized hardware. Now that in and of itself really isn't new, right? I mean, everybody's been talking about Google doing that for a long time now. And the enterprise business is now delivering that. What is new, we think, is bringing together silos of metadata that are currently locked into, you know, individual purpose-built systems. We saw express query and store all as a way to potentially, over time, enable that. Yes. Does that make sense to you? And can you maybe talk about that a little bit? Yeah, absolutely. So you're perfectly correct, right? There's a huge amount of value locked up in our storage systems just in general. And that information is siloed. So one of the things that we're trying to do with our storage business is reduce those number of platforms and the things we can use and build up these common sets of things so we can integrate some of that information over time. I mean, it's going to take time. Nothing happens overnight in this business. But there's a huge potential there for taking that wider view over all of your information resources. And between now we have StoreOnce and our new three-par systems and StoreAll. That potential is definitely there to integrate and make those things work better together. So the pressure on HP Labs in general, and I know it's almost like an academic institution is this hands-off, hey, let's do something. But the pressure to commercialize the R&D has been accelerated in the last couple of years. You've got two successes and they happen to be in storage, so why? Why is that? Why those areas and why the success is? What's the process that has led to that innovation in commercialization? So there are many, actually, other successes out of HP Labs. I mean, I'm just representing the storage, the piece here. But those are two that Meg Whitman talks about and it's not just the storage guys talking about them. It's the senior leadership team, right? So what we focus on is we're an interesting organization. We have this blend of the academic and the business. So we actually do the technology development and we do the research. So I have an interesting job, it's somewhat like a professor but it's also somewhat like a product development manager, engineer, marketing, even, aspects of things. And what we have to do is bridge that gap between the product and the research. So that means that we put, what we do is we put the teams together, myself and my engineering team, the research team work with the engineering team to actually build out these systems, make sure they work and really work hand in hand to get these things out to market. And to a product that people can use and adds value. All right, Alistair, thanks very much. We're out of time but I really appreciate you coming on theCUBE and sharing your insights with us. Good luck, congratulations and love to have you back sometime. All right, great. Right there, everybody, we'll be right back. With our next guest, this is Dave Vellante of Wikibon. We're live, this is theCUBE, SiliconANGLE's coverage. Here in Frankfurt, we'll be right back.