I'll go back to another one. If you're new to the channel, I'm Gold Pony as your new car truck SUV reviews on YouTube. And today we are in the brand new 2023 Volvo S60 courtesy of younger Volvo in Hagerstown, Maryland. For more information on their inventory, please feel free to check out the link in the description box below. And so we are in this one today because this is a very good looking sedan, at least in my personal opinion. Not only that, there are new trim levels for the 2023 model year and some new themes as well. And we'll of course get into that in a little bit here. But you also get a four year 50,000 mile bumper to bumper warranty, which is of course more than the traditional three year 36,000 mile warranty. So big fan of that. Ultimately in this video, we will be testing out and going over everything about this one from acceleration to braking, steering feel, ride quality, sound system, exhaust, all that fun stuff. So having said all of that, what do you guys say? Let's just go ahead and jump right into it. And as always, let's start with pricing. And so let's first start with those new trim levels here. There is going to be the core, which is the one we are in today, starting at $42,395, which actually is a $3,145 price bump from the 2022 model year, in case you were curious. Plus, which is going to start at $45,095. And lastly, the ultimate trim level starting at $47,845. And by the way, that was all pricing for the front wheel drive configuration, which actually is what we have today. But you can add all wheel drive. If you wanted to do that, simply add $2,300 then to any of those prices. But regardless of trim level that you go with, the power plant on the S60 is going to be the same. Powering the Beast is a two liter turbocharged inline four cylinder with a mild hybrid system as well, putting out 247 horsepower at 5,400 RPM, 258 pound-feet of torque coming in at 1,800 RPM. Power sent to front wheels are all wheels through an eight speed automatic. When it comes to that zero to 60 time, it's going to differ slightly, depending upon whether you go with the front wheel drive or all wheel drive. Front wheel drive puts you at 6.4 seconds, all wheel drive then puts you at 6.2, with MPG numbers coming in at 26 and the city 35 on the highway for the front wheel drive, 25 city 33 then on the highway for the all wheel drive, taking premium unleaded fuel. Anyways, now I've got all of that out of the way. What do you guys say? Let's go ahead and find a straightaway. Let's put the acceleration here to the test and let's see how quickly we can get our new 2023 S60 here up to speed. All right, little bit of a wrong start, but kick it, baby. It's not bad. I like it. Zero to 60 is 6.4, you guys. That ain't that bad. 100% not going to have any issues in merging onto the highway. That's a good bet. You know what's even better? There wasn't any spinning there.   So you don't have to get the front wheel drive like we have today. But again, having said that, there wasn't any spinning anyway. So I will say though, if you live in Western Maryland, like we do, like I do, or like I'm currently driving right now, I should say actually living PA, but all wheel drive is going to benefit you when it comes to snow, of course. But having said that again, acceleration with the front wheel drive actually surprised me because there was no spinning. Anyways, to go along with that acceleration as always, braking is equally important.  As far as the S60 is easier stopping this as goes, it's going to come in an extremely impressive 114 feet. So there's nobody behind me. It's wonderful. 100% on the firm side of things instantly brings you to a stop.  That's not the case here in the S60. So that's a brilliant thing without a doubt. Tons of confidence here with the braking feel on this thing. Then touching on suspension and handling. Up front, you're going to get a double wishbone type front suspension. In the back, integral link, rear suspension, front and rear stabilizer bars. As far as ride quality goes, as I am cruising over some extremely smooth roads here in Eggerstown, it's 100% on point. As expected, this is a Volvo so you really shouldn't have any issues there. Touching on cabin noise, I'm going 50 miles per hour right now. I'll let you guys be the judge of that. Honestly, it isn't all that bad. I'm not getting a whole lot of road noise or wind noise or anything like that. So personally, I wouldn't have any issues there. As far as steering feel goes, it's weighted beautifully. So it's not a loose steering feel. I can tell you that it's not really the heaviest steering feel either, but it leans towards the heavier side of things from what I'm typically used to driving. So I love the steering feel actually in the S60. I'm definitely not going to have any issues there. Touching on visibility, rear visibility, I can see 100% perfectly fine. Typically in a sedan of this shape, you're not going to have any issues there.  Now we don't have it today, but essentially what that is going to do is project your speed, speed limit and safety features up on your windshield. So it better helps you keep your eyes on the road. And again, that's going to assist with forward visibility there as well. But that pretty much rounds out the performance segment of this review, you guys. Let's now go ahead and take a look at the exterior of our brand new 2023 Volvo S60 because the changes continue. All right. So here she is, you guys, the new 2023 Volvo S60 finished in silver dawn metallic. In case you were curious of our exterior color name, kind of matches the sky today. But anyways, as always, let's go ahead and start up front because that kind of introduces us to what is new for the 2023 model year. For example, the themes that I mentioned at the beginning of the video essentially get to choose between two themes. There's no extra cross for either theme. You get either a bright or a dark theme. So you get to choose that. That's new for 2023. We obviously have the dark theme. How can you tell? Well, simply by looking at the front grille. So this front grille is going to be highlighted in a chrome finish. If you were to go with a bright theme, however, if you were to go with the dark leg we have today, everything is going to be finished in gloss black. There's gloss black accents are going to continue basically throughout the vehicle, including those side mirrors actually as well. But we'll get to those in a second, but otherwise they're going to be body color. But bright theme basically gives you chrome and body colored accents.  So do want to start by mentioning that, but also to the sides, their LED headlights do come standard for all trim levels across the board. You get the LED Thor's hammer daytime running lights as well as Volvo is now known for, of course, automatic feature, meaning when it starts to get dark at night, those headlights will turn on automatically for you there. But you also get automatic high beams coming standard across the board. So essentially when your high beams are on at night and it senses a vehicle coming in the opposite direction, it's going to automatically dim them back to low beams. Then when that vehicle is gone, it's going to automatically bounce it back up to high beams. So kind of a convenience feature there. Then if you will look just below those headlights, you are going to find LED fog lights coming standard with the cornering function as well, which you hardly ever see these days, even on luxury manufacturers. So essentially when you're going around to bend at night, those fog lights are going to swivel kind of better help illuminating what is around the bends. You're less likely to hit a deer or a possum or a cyclist or whatever the case. So that is pretty darn cool as well, but very Volvo-ish looking front end, which I personally love. I think it looks great up front, but there are pretty much rounds out the front end. Let's now go ahead and make our way to the side. All right, so now since we are around to the side of the S60, again, gloss black or chrome windows surrounds to start. Body colored or gloss black side mirrors, like I was just mentioning. By the way, when it comes to those side mirrors, they are power adjustable. They are heated with LED integrated turd signals for all trim levels. So I do want to mention that as well. They take a look down to the wheel setup, 18 inch diamond cut alloys for the core and plus trim levels, then 19 inch triple five spoke diamond cut alloys then for the ultimate. But again, very nice side profile here. Let's now go ahead and make our way to the back. All right, so now since we are around to the back of this one, body colored shark fin antenna, all the way to the top, regardless of which theme you go with, still going to be body colored up there. You got the Volvo lettering spelled out horizontally. That always looks good. You do have LED C shaped taillights coming standard. Absolutely 100% love that. And if you go down all the way to the bottom here, I remember in the past, these were kind of exhaust was integrated actually into that rear bumper. So that is the slightly different look in the back there. And I actually prefer last year's look with the exhaust integrating into the bumper because I remember it being dual exhaust outlets with quad tips that looked dang aggressive. But now if I get down low enough, you will actually get dual exhaust outlets, but they are actually tucked away kind of hidden from sight. So I don't know. I don't like that look as much. Let me know what you guys think of it in the comments section below. But as always, I think you guys know what we have to do next here is that exhaust clip. All right, so now since we are around to the back of the S60, when it comes to opening that rear trunk, there's several different ways to go ahead and do that. There is a button on the key fob, of course, there is a button on the trunk itself. There's a button by the driver's side left knee from the driving position. But then there is an optional hands free trunk as well, where you simply just kick your foot underneath of that bottom of the back end there. It's going to automatically open up for you. So that is pretty darn cool as well. But anyways, once opened up, cargo capacity comes in at 11.6 cubic feet. There are two cargo lights back there. There's a couple grocery bag hooks. There's a spare tire then if you were to lift up underneath of that cargo floor, and of course, you could probably put an ice scraper within that spare tire area as well. But overall, trunk was probably fine. Then making our way up to the rear legroom that comes in at 35.2 inches for reference. I mean, even six feet tall. This is how much space I had in the rear seats there. Rear center armors with cupholders does come standard. You've got your rear ventilation that also comes standard for those rear passengers. But the interesting thing about the rear ventilation is it's not actually found in that center area where you typically find it on other sanans, but rather kind of just in front of those rear doors on both sides, actually. So you have two vents, one for each rear passenger in the back. The center passenger is left out, of course, but still you get two rear air vents where you typically find kind of both of them found in the center. So that's a little bit different of a setup. So I wanted to kind of emphasize that. Rear dual charging ports you can find back there as well. There is a tiny bit of storage just above that and you can actually get heated rear seats. They are optional. They don't come standard, but I did want to mention it. Then make our way to the front seats. Power adjustable front seats do come standard for all trim levels with two-way power lumbar as well. Four-way power lumbar then coming with the ultimate trim level. There is a power cushion extension for the ultimate trim level and then memory settings for the ultimate trim level as well. And that's for up to two different drivers here. So that's pretty cool. Leather seating is going to come standard and then heated and ventilated front seats are going to be available. Overall, when it comes to seat comfort, it's okay. It's not good. There's some awkward pressure points, but it's really not that bad. So I didn't mind it. Other cool thing that I absolutely love about all of all those is they do put the flag of Sweden on the passenger seat here, every single vehicle that they make. So that's one of the best parts about this thing. But anyways, to take a look at the steering wheel, it is tilt and telescoping as manually adjustable. It is leather wrapped as well. Ten and two grips are definitely on the thicker side. Nice little places to put your thumb as well, which I don't typically find on really any of the other vehicles that I drive. So 100% loving the grips in this steering wheel makes you better feel like you're in control. So big fan of that. Then make your way to the startup. Let me start by showing you guys the key here. You got your Volvo logo on the one side. Essentially though, all of your buttons are located on the side of the key. And so key number one is going to be black. Key number two is going to be orange, by the way. I think I showed that in last year's review. But lock unlock and then pop the rear trunk there. But it is all keyless entry with a turn knob start. That's a little bit different. They're just about all other vehicles that aren't Volvo. So you just simply put your foot on the brake and turn the knob to the right to start it. And then you turn the knob to the right to stop it as well. You don't turn anything to the left, just to the right. Anyways, once started up, when it comes to those gauges, they are amazing. It is a 12.3 inch digital gauge cluster, kind of powered by Google. So you got Google Maps front and center. Got your speedometer all the way to your left with a digital speedometer. Within that, you got your tachometer on your right then. There is speed limit recognition up there. There's how many miles you have left until you hit empty. There's your outside temperature. Really, everything you could possibly want up there. And again, my favorite part, at least, is the Google Maps sandwiched right in the middle of it all. So that is wonderful. I love the gauges on the Volvo S60 without a doubt. But now let's go ahead and make our way to overall interior quality. A dual pane panoramic moonroof comes standard on every trim level. I love that. That's so stinking cool. You usually don't find that coming standard for even the base trim level or the core trim level that we have here. Dual zoom climate control coming standard for zoom climate control coming with the ultimate. Ultimate is also going to add linear lime accents, which is kind of like a wood look. Tailored dashboard coming with the ultimate as well. I like the kind of silver texturized accents though. I got to be honest, just about the passenger side glove box. I like that it's not just a basic silver, but it is texturized, which is cool. I like that. Don't see a wireless fan charger on our core trim level that we have here today, so I did want to just mention that. But overall when it comes to interior quality, it's perfectly fine. Another thing I like this little clip here found kind of on the front windshield to kind of put like little tickets. When you're on like the Pennsylvania Turrent Pike or Bay Bridge or something like that, so I'm a big fan of that. There is an electromechanical parking brake just behind that engine start button. You got a couple cup holders.  It's a decent amount of storage. I wouldn't say decent. It's a little bomb on the smaller side, but there's a couple more charging ports within that as well. So that's kind of cool, but everything is very minimalist.   A matte black plastic wouldn't have minded if they kind of finished that with like a gloss black finish or some kind of a design of some sort. But do you like the frameless rear view mirror? That is pretty darn cool. So overall, I don't have any issues with the interior quality. I think it's perfectly fine. But then taking a look at the infotainment screen because it definitely gets good here. Nine inch tablet style color touchscreen display for ultra levels, Bluetooth and audio streaming, Android Auto, Apple CarPlay. You can adjust your climate control settings up there. Get your heated seat buttons up there as well. You can adjust your drive modes up there. There's also weather information as well and your radio information as well. When it comes to the sound systems on the S60, there's several of them. You got a 10 speaker hi-fi sound system that comes standard with the core and the plus trims. But then for the ultimate, you got a 14 speaker Harman Kardon sound system with 600 watts. And then for $3,200, you can also get a 15 speaker Bowers and Wilkins sound system, which is my favorite sound system in existence, at least on the S90 out of all the 700 plus cars that I've tested. That is my favorite sound system so far. But this particular one in the S60 comes with 1100 watts as well. But as I said, we actually do have the 10 speaker hi-fi sound system with us here today. So what do you guys say as always? Let's go ahead and turn on the radio, see what we got playing today. And let's just set the clarity of this one. It's okay. It's okay. Honestly, for 10 speakers, it's not bad. Harman Kardon and Bowers and Wilkins are going to blow that out of the water for sure. But it's an okay sound system. Honestly, me, I would have wanted a little bit better just because this is an S60. It's a little more expensive car, but it'll get the job done. I'll just put it that way. But anyway, it's the last thing I'm going to mention to you guys on the infotainment screen is when you do put this thing in reverse, you will find a rear view camera coming standard across the board. And then if you were to go with the ultimate, you're also going to get a 360 degree monitor giving you that bird's eye view, which is always is going to lead us into safety. And so first, let me start by saying IIHS top safety pick plus, which is the very highest designation given by IIHS. That pretty much says it all right there. Front side, side curtain airbags do come standard driver's knee airbag as well. In the back, you're going to have latch, aka lower anchors to tethers to children for the rear car seats, rear child door locks, temperature monitoring system, but then also coming standard a blind spot monitoring system with rear cross traffic alert, collision avoidance assist with pedestrian encyclist and large animal detection, lane departure warning, lane keep assist, automatic emergency braking and runoff road mitigation then as well. So overall, when it comes to my final thoughts, honestly, I could say the safety because the safety is brilliant. This is the Volvo that's what Volvo's are known for. It's got that perfect safety rating by IIHS, but really when it pressed me the most about the S60, what really surprised me because I don't remember this from last year, the driving dynamics are incredible. Honestly, incredible acceleration for this thing. It's perfectly fine for me. Excellent braking, 60 zero and 114 feet is wonderful. It doesn't get a whole heck of a lot better than that. You typically find that number in the 120s for a sedan. So 114 is sports sedan good without a doubt. Steering feels wonderful as well. So the driving dynamics really put a smile on my face. I got to be honest. I loved driving the S60. So I love that. I can't say that about all Volvo's, but for the S60 it is wonderful. Great design as well. I told you guys that when I was touching on the exterior. I love the digital gauges doesn't get a whole lot better than that. Ambient lighting would be nice. That's one of my constructive criticisms. I wouldn't mind seeing some ambient lighting in this thing. I think that would look dang good. And where's the wireless phone charger here? That's what I'm looking for. Where's the wireless phone charger on the S60? Anyways, that about rounds out this one you guys. Thank you so much for watching. Feel free to follow me on social media at the bottom of the screen if you want to see what's coming next on the channel before it gets to YouTube. Be sure to hit the subscribe and the bell notification button if you're into new car reviews. That is what we do here on this channel after all. Do appreciate you guys watching more than you know and I will see you guys all in the next video. Stay Gold.


Diolch yn diolch. Felly cael ѷn ddechrau eich tynnu o'r plant yn gyfodol. A'r newydd yn fawr am ddechrau ar y gyflaeth tarreg cael ei ddweud ac yn ôl i ni bwysig a'i dewis i ddweud a'i dweud o'r frem yn ei bodd ac mae no arlai ddechrau i ddweud hynny, oall yn cael ei ddweud. Diolch yn erbydd i ddweud ffyrdd yn i dda i'n rwyng I'm reliably informed, I'll do it. If you knew how much time I spent on this PowerPoint, I mean really, you know. The saga this evening extends from 1845 up to the present day. So we're going to have to cut a few corners along the way, but if there are any questions at the end, hopefully we can pick up on some things there. Now, I should say at the very beginning that my work in this has been closely involved with him, my very good colleague, he'll be familiar to many of you here, Adrian Bowman at the University of Glasgow, and Adrian and I got caught up in this a few years ago when we read something about the expedition, which I'll come to later, which we thought just didn't sound right, didn't ring true, and we got involved in that. So I'll say more about it shortly. The other two, as Mary has just alluded, the other two bodies that I need to acknowledge, the National Maritime Museum has been very good to us. In fact, they've used our published data far more imaginatively than we ever could in the recent Franklin exhibition about the expedition. And Parks Canada, who've been very good colleagues, they've informed a lot of our thinking on this, not least with their spectacular discovery quite recently of the two missing ships. And again, we'll come to that soon. Now, if you ask most people what is the greatest polar tragedy for this country, they'll say, well, Captain Scott in the Antarctic. And of course that's correct because Scott and his companions died a horrible death there. But it's remarkable that only a few decades before that, 129 officers and men of the Royal Navy died in the grimmest of circumstances in the Arctic. And they have largely been, until the last few years, have been largely forgotten. This is a Victorian representation, a very heroic representation of the end of that expedition where Sir John Franklin is shown as the last man standing. Nothing could be further from the truth. It's quite extraordinary. But equally, this has been presented, represented over the years, as a catastrophe, a disaster where men were reduced to mere beasts and bestial behaviour. Again, that is a calamity as well. What I want to show you is that it was really a tragedy. And there's some redemption at the end. Incidentally, you'll probably also see this title of this painting, Vise, for the longest title of any painting you could possibly imagine. Well, what was the purpose of this expedition? The British Admiralty had been obsessed through the 19th century with finding a north-west passage because it would offer a commercial and strategic advantage because any ship leaving Britain and getting through the Arctic is going to be on the other side of the world, as you can see here, much more quickly than going round the Horn. So this was the ambition of the... Can you still hear me? I'll just turn one of my ears off. The ambition of the Admiralty was, at the end of the 19th century, we will find the north-west passage and we'll find it before the Americans. This was most important, or the Russians, even worse in those days. So our interest lies up here in what's called the High Arctic. And let's focus in on that because this is where all the action is this evening. Today, if you're in the market for a north-west passage, you're spoiled for choice. Any of these routes will get you through. Unfortunately, the laser point is not working here, but one of them, you see the little route there by, you see Joe Haven and Tully Oak down the bottom left, a bottom right of the routes. That route remains open, generally speaking, through most summers. And that's an important bit of information. Now that's the situation today. Back in 1845, it was a bit different. There had been a lot of advances by previous expeditions in finding a way in from the east, from the Atlantic, and also from the west, from the Pacific. But whether there was a connection between the two was unclear.  And that might seem very trivial. In fact, it's very significant because it's where that passage, I showed you a moment ago, lies. And the trouble is that the Admiralty charts at that time suggested there wasn't a passage there at all. It was a bay. Now, you'll see that in a year later, this would have serious implications for a particular expedition. Now, with all this advance and the fact that it seemed that most of the Arctic had been explored, the second secretary to the Admiralty of Mancull to John Barrow came up with this. This is the sort of statement that people who don't actually work themselves or put themselves in danger will tend to come up with. So little now remains to be done. We can find a link between these two bits where home and dry. Barrow was up against it though because there was already this enchantment about whether even if a north-west passage existed, could it be exploited commercially? It might only be open for a few weeks every year. But he was fortunate. He pulled all the right patriotic levers and he got the money. Now, Franklin, who was going to command this expedition? Well, you'll have guessed. It has to be somebody called Franklin. And indeed it was Captain Sir John Franklin. And pictured here the day before they set sail on the expedition. Now, Franklin was a great hero, Arctic hero. As a young man, he had... Actually, as he says, a very young man, he'd served with Nelson at Trafalgar. As a young man, he'd also carried out some of the very early Arctic exploration. And this is where he earned his title of the man who ate his boots because he and his companions, having run out of their provisions, were forced to literally, their shoe leather, to survive. So he was a tough man. But a very decent man, by all accounts, and treated all his crews very well. He was extremely popular. He didn't believe in corporal punishment of crew members. But his career had run... This was in the 1820s and 30s. And his career would rather fall into the Daldrums. And he was desperate before he retired. He was now 59 to redeem things. He was very keen to be made commander of this expedition. The Admiralty weren't so sure. But they couldn't persuade any of the previous commanders who'd gone to the Arctic to go back. They'd been there recently and they thought, we're not chanceing our arm again. Franklin was very happy to go. So he was put in command. And he had two other officers to rely on. Francis Crozier, another very experienced Arctic man. He'd also been to the Antarctic, so he really knew his business. And a younger man with no Arctic experience, gyms with gyms, but a rising light in the navy. And between the three of them, it was thought this expedition would have every success. They were provided with these two ships, the Arabus and the Terror, very strongly built, strengthened for the ice and retrofitted with steam engines to force their way through the pack and very lavishly equipped for three years. Nothing, no expense was spared in the provisioning and equipping of the ships. They were centrally heated for a start, which was real innovation at the time. So when it came time to depart, of course these sort of statements again, which are huge hostages to fortune and great temptations to Providence tend to be made. And indeed, as we'll see, Providence was severely tempted. But no wonder, because one of the astounding facts about the planning of this expedition was that there was no planning for rescue or relief if something went wrong. And all Arctic hands could not believe it that this important, essential part of planning was really cast aside by the Admiralty. It was a ffeta-complee. Franklin will get through. It was enormous complacency. Well, they headed off 19th May, 1845, from the Thames. According to the illustrated London News, 10,000 people turned up to bid them farewell. And at the end of July, same year, they were making their way across Baffin Bay, where they encountered a British whaling ship captain Martin of that ship. He spoke to Franklin and his officers, and when he got back to London, reported they'd been in high spirits and good health and very confident. As it turned out, Martin would be the last European to ever see them alive. So they headed off, and at that stage in the proceedings, they had 129 officers and men and a dog called Old Neptune. I mentioned Old Neptune. He was actually sketched before they left. I mentioned it because we'll see him again later in much less happy circumstances. No animals were deliberately harmed in the making of this presentation. So off they went, and they disappeared into the white and silent attack. I really should be ashamed of this, shouldn't I? And disappeared into the silence of the Arctic. 1845 spun into 1846, and no communication whatsoever. Naturally, the press and the relatives of the crew were starting to get anxious, but the Admiralty said, no, we can expect them to be away for maybe one or two winters before we hear anything more from them. But privately, there was serious concern. And in early 1847, the so-called Arctic Council was convened of leading lights in previous Arctic expeditions. And they never met like this. This is again another bit of Victorian idealism. It's unlikely any of them could have been in the same room together without attempting to murder each other. Most of them loathed each other. But it was decided that a search and rescue mission should be launched, and that it would follow Franklin's prescribed sailing orders into the Arctic. And the man chosen to lead this was this gentleman here, Captain Sir James Ross. Ross was ascribed as the handsomest man in the Navy. That was what the press called him. Of course, you don't know what competition you may have been up against, but anyway, he's a decent enough-looking man. Ross was very experienced. He'd been to the Arctic many times before and to the Antarctic with Crozier, the second command to Franklin. So it was thought, really, that Ross will find them. This has started the problem. But as it turned out, Ross wouldn't find them. And what was even worse, Ross would make sure by making the most terrible mistake that nobody else would find them either. Here's what happened. Ross followed Franklin's sailing orders coming in from the Atlantic here to reach this point here, where both his ships got stuck in the ice. Despite everybody's suggestions, he'd refused to have any steam power fitted these ships, so he just got stuck. But nothing daunted. He headed off south because he had a pretty good idea that's probably where Franklin would then have gone. And he reached a point where he had a view down this straight that you can see there. And the view was this, that there was a solid barrier of ice, which he concluded extended all the way down that straight, and it was part of a known barrier of varial dice throughout this whole area. So he concluded that Franklin could not possibly have forced his ships down that way. It didn't seem to occur to him that two years earlier the ice might not have been in that state, but that was a judgment he made. The result of that was that all the subsequent searches were directed either to the west along this northerly straight here, or to the north of that position. And the area that was never searched was this.  Now the early searches were actually quite positive because in 1850 they discovered Franklin's first winter quarters of 1845 on a tiny island called Beachy Island. And it was a very well located place for winter quarters. It's a photograph of it here. It's a very good bay where the ships were known to be moored, very sheltered from the ice. And when it was discovered there was all the signs of a well formed base with buildings and so on, and three graves. And the graves are still there. The graves were not, and there's nothing sinister about the fact that men had died. They died on these expeditions. But what completely confounded the search ships and search crews was that Franklin, when they'd left the base had left no indication of where they were going next. And this was completely against all orders, Admiralty orders. The expectation with any Royal Nableship was that it would leave either in a copper canister which was chucked overboard to be picked up eventually, or buried on land under a prominent cairn a note saying where they'd been, what their present position was, and what their intention was. This island was literally dug over many times. It's a tiny island, it's only about a mile by a mile by numerous search crews. Nothing was ever found, and this completely confounded things because the search ships had no idea where they should then go. The Admiralty was pulling out all the stops by this stage, rather belatedly, five years after they'd left. This is equivalent to about 1.6 million reward now. It was then primarily at the whaling industry because they were most likely to encounter Franklin's ships. But all of this was completely to no avail, and for the next four years, numerous squadrons of ships, both British and American, were sent into the Arctic according to Ross' instructions of where it was best to look, and nothing at all was found. After this period of time, the expedition had been gone for nine years. They were provisioned for three. The Admiralty realised nobody could still be alive. And when they did their audit, it was pretty obvious that this could not, this farce could not go on. I won't bother reading the speculative value yourself. 200 men dead, that's in addition to the Franklin crew who were known to be dead, and all these ships lost. The present day total, estimated by the National Archives, is that this little venture cost 48 million, and that does not include the cost of replacing these ships, some of which were brand-new steam ships. So it was a staggering sum of money for nothing, absolutely nothing. The Admiralty agreed that things would have to be brought to an end at that point, and so did the Times newspaper, which summed up the whole thing like this. A downright, faragoing catastrophe, which it was. So the Admiralty decided the relatives would be, all the salaries of the crew would be paid up to 31 March 1854, and paid to the relatives, and that would be the end of it. If they thought it was the end of it, they were just about to be very sadly disabused of that notion, because only a few months later, this man, John Ray, some of you may have heard of John Ray, he's an Orcadian, and he studied medicine at Edinburgh, but never practised. He joined the Hudson Bay Company, where he became one of their most eminent explorers and surveyors, and it was while Ray was surveying this area here in the Arctic, he was aware of the Franklin expedition that was missing, of course. He encountered a group of Inwits, these are called Eskimos, but the Inwit people are the correct title today. Who astounded him by saying that they knew that white men had died in large numbers far to the west of where they were at that time, and that prior to their death, some of other members of their particular family had encountered them while still alive in 1850. Now that dates very important if you can hang on to it. So this was four years before Ray got this news, 1850. It was obvious from what they had told him that the site of this disaster, if that's what it was, was here, what's now, King William Island. And they had some of the personal possessions of the men who had died, many of which were obviously possessions from some of the officers in the expedition, and most telling was this, the Guelfic Order that had been awarded to Franklin and which he was wearing the day before he left on the expedition. So there was no doubt now they were dead, they had met some, obviously grim fate. So Ray headed back at once to England with the news, the winter was setting and he couldn't go to King William Island himself to check on this, but he got back to England, went straight to the Admiralty with this report. And there was one element of the report which he, of what the Inwit had told him, which he and the Admiralty agreed should not be disclosed because it was too shocking. So it was agreed this report would go to the Times newspaper for publication, but this would be omitted. Well, you can guess exactly what happened. Some buffoon in the Admiralty did not remove the offending part of Ray's report. So this is what appeared in the Times the next day. This is the offending bit. From the mutilated state of many of the corpses and the contents of the kettles, those are what the Navy called the cooking apparatus. It was evident that our wretched countrymen had been driven to the last dread alternative as a means of prolonging existence, in other words cannibalism. Now this was met with shock and disbelief by the public. British officers did not eat each other. Maybe the men might, but you know, we're not going to know. And honestly some people did say that in the report in letters to the Times. That basically this was something that was beyond the pale. We would not accept this. And for the Admiralty it was the final straw. It was a stain on the whole thing. And they were hugely pleased shall we say, that the Crimean War of course had just begun, which was proving a major distraction to the public because of the other greater blunders going on there. So the nation's attention was distracted. Jane Franklin and this horrible event could be forgotten. But not everybody was distracted. And the one person who certainly was not was Jane Franklin, Franklin's widow. And if you ever get lost in the Arctic, this is the person you want rooting for you, I can tell you. Jane Franklin accepted that her husband John was dead and all the rest of them. But she felt it was important that the formal records, and diaries from the expedition should be recovered because they would tell exactly what had gone on. And she couldn't believe her husband had resorted to cannibalism. So she was determined to do this. She petitioned the government, the Admiralty. She petitioned Palmerston, the then Prime Minister directly. But they politely basically told her to forget about it. So nothing daunted, she set up a public subscription. And she raised enough money to buy her own ship to go to the Arctic. This shamed the Admiralty into providing a captain for the ship and a crew and to provision it. And the little steam yacht Fox was found and bought by Jane Franklin up in Aberdeen of all places. It was a former luxury yacht which she bought and had it fitted out for the ice. You can see this photograph was obviously taken on washing day. It's a fine selection of long johns and semets hanging up there. And the man set to command this was Francis McClintock, a very experienced Arctic commander who could be trusted to do the best possible job. In fact he refused to take a salary for this. He thought it was a matter of principle to go and do this work. You can see too he lived a long life. McClintock knew exactly where to go. He headed for King William Island. And when he got there he had the Admiralty chart with him that Franklin also had. And he realised very quickly by the fact that he could circumnavigate what was thought to be King William land that Franklin had been seriously misled. That he could have got through that easy passage. McClintock recorded that in the bestselling book that he later wrote about all this. But we'll come to that later. To cut a long story short after searching the island on the 27th of May 1859 McClintock found the only written document ever recovered from the Franklin expedition. And he found it in a copper canister buried in a cairn, a prominent cairn. And this is it here. The handwriting is James, the third in command. I've been privileged to see and handle this document. I must be getting a bit soft in my old age. It's actually quite an emotional experience I have to say. It's a very frail piece of paper. You can see that some of it is written in a very strong, confident hand. And if you look up the right hand margin you can see a scroll up the side. This was written on two occasions. The paper itself is a standard performer that all the ships had to record their position routinely, their ongoing activities and their expected proceedings. And the first bit of it, if I take you through this, we can turn this into the chronology of what, to the Victorians anyway, appeared to have happened. So let's do that now. We know for sure they left Beachy Island in 1846 having spent the winter there. And it's evident they made very fast progress south to this point here. Now this of course is where they would consult their chart, which told them completely wrongly that they could not head east and through that into that bay. Because apparently it was a bay, we know it's a straight now. Had they been able to do that, I wouldn't be here talking to you about the loss of the Franklin expedition. Most historians say they would have got through easily. But unfortunately they headed this way. This is a bit like Captain Pugwash, isn't it? You know the animation? Where there is a perennial sea of ice very difficult to get through and their ships got completely stuck. Now they were stuck 80 miles north of charted waters. So while this was a frustration to them, they would resign themselves to another winter in the ice knowing that next summer they'd be a thaw. They'd get through and they'd be off to the Pacific. So a frustration but still high hopes and plenty of confidence. What they didn't know unfortunately is that three years had just begun in the Arctic where there would be no thaw at all. None of that ice would melt. They unfortunately didn't know that. So the next May in 1847 having got through that winter of 1846 if it's James, everything had gone fine. If it's James was still able to sign off saying all well, underlined it for emphasis, things were still going fine. Only three weeks later calamity because in June Franklin dies. It's not known what the cause of death was. It was probably something quite acute. Of course no thaw. Obviously all on board there would be no thaw and they were faced with another winter in the ice, stuck. When we get to the end of the winter of 1847 into 8 we find from Fitzgames's record now written in a very hasty scrawl nine officers and 15 men were dead. This is a disproportionate number of officers. The ships would then be deserted. The plan was to desert the ships in April. They were deserted. This is now a Victorian assumption because all Fitzgames said the ships were being deserted and they were heading south. The Victorians at the time assumed this was the heroic death march to the mainland and that all were dead by autumn of 1848. If you remember what I said earlier John Ray encountered Inwit who had met survivors in 1850. This doesn't match with the actual witness testimony. The Victorian idea of this heroic march to the end and they were all dead by this time is not correct. The Victorians never tried to explain why so many officers died as well other than saying that the officers would have heroically sacrificed themselves for the rest of the crew by hunting and saw. In fact there's a cynical though we are now. We'll see that's probably actually what happened. The passage therefore in as far as the Victorians were concerned was completed because by walking to the mainland they'd made it into chartered waters so that they're all dead, the ships had sunk but it was a success. Tennyson was encouraged to provide lifting lines and this is what is on the Franklin monument which we'll see in a moment in Palmall. They forged the last link with their lives. I'm not trying to make light of that. They had died in horrible circumstances as we'll see in more detail shortly. Franklin got his memorial. Parliament voted for a very nice memorial which you can see if you walk along Palmall to Waterloo Place it's still there. At long last the nation could put this whole business to rest. Here's another embarrassing fade out slide. Over the succeeding years into our century, 20th century memories of the Franklin expedition and its failure really disappeared so that certainly by the middle of the century most people knew nothing of Franklin. Nobody could remember it. But it wasn't the case and it certainly is not the case in Canada where the whole Franklin tragedy is very much part of their young history. To the Canadians we now look to the final part of this saga because over the last 30 or 40 years they've spent an enormous amount of time and money trying to understand what happened to the Franklin expedition and that has paid off spectacularly just in the last couple of years with the discovery of the two ships which were thought to be irretrievably lost. The Arabus on the top here was found in only 30 feet of water and that accounts for her condition. Unfortunately the superstructure has been stripped by heavy ice passing over but her hull is completely intact and all the contents. We'll talk about that shortly. And the terror more fortunately sank in 80 feet. She's completely intact. The mast is still standing. You can see the bow sprit sticking out there. The archaeologists who have swum down to Lichodur have said if she could be raised and pumped out she would float. It's a wonderful time capsule that even the two privies on the stern for officers who are fully intact and both doors closed. So the parts Canada team who have been working on these ships have a lot of fascinating information from them which we'll talk about in a moment. We've also concentrated on the oral history from the Inuit people whose forebears were actual physical witnesses of what happened and who met the crew. Until recently their oral history has been completely discounted. It was discounted by the Victorians as nonsense because these people were court savages. And of course the idea that they had met anyone in 1850 was discounted because they had no sense of numbers and how could that possibly be true. As we'll see the Inuit history has been very significant. But some of the early work conducted in Canada was to look at the remains of those three men who died in Beechie Island and also some of the skeletal remains which are found in King William Island and you literally will fall over them. It's still skeletal remains scattered about in the place. It's quite extraordinary. The next slide I'm going to show you. I apologise if some people don't like looking at dead bodies. One of the extraordinary things about the graves on Beechie Island was that the men inside them were found to be completely preserved in the permafrost. And these are them. Quite astounding. And it was possible to conduct very full autopsies on them. And it confirmed that probably pulmonary tuberculosis was responsible for the deaths, which was very common in the Victorian times. But what was unanticipated was the discovery that there were also high levels of lead in their soft tissues and skeletons and also in the skeletons found in King William Island. Now this has led to the hypothesis that the crew died, the expedition was brought to an end, by lead poisoning which caused such extensive mortality and morbidity that the whole thing simply came to an end. This theory is a wonderful example of not allowing the facts to get in the way of a good story, as I'll show you. Some of you will remember the late Archie Roy. One of Archie's sayings was, ''Facts are chills at when I dink.'' And some of these Canadian investigators might want to have thought about that. The evidence from Beachy Island was this, because some of the cans have been recovered, that the expedition had their provisions in. This was an innovation at the time. And it was concluded because some of the cans, you see the law right there, had evidence that the seams on the cans had been sealed with copious amounts of lead solder. And this had got into the food, eaten, and had then poisoned the crew. It's under the can on the top left there. You'll see that the invention of the can opener came after the invention of the can, because to get into these things, you needed a hammer and a chisel. This is actually one from the expedition itself, which is held at the National Maritime Museum. The interpretation of these data was that, and I quote here from a paper written, and which has received huge amounts of public attention, has become part of a best-selling book, that these frail adult men, their brains and bodies poisoned with lead, staggering across the ice. This was meant to portray the end of the Franklin expedition. Well, the fact is, Adrian Bowman and I have gone through all the medical records of the search ships, which went to the Arctic to look for Franklin. They were identically provisioned, and none of those medical records, and there's 1,500 of them we've been through, none of them show any of the signs and symptoms of lead poisoning at neurological and gastric, which are well-recognised. If it didn't poison the search ships, it's difficult to see how it poisoned the Franklin crew. Also, it's unfortunate that people didn't do their homework, because in 1960, a paper was published in The New Scientist where these cans were analysed, not because anyone thought they might have been lead poisoning, but analysed routinely to see what the contents were like, and it looked for metals in the contents, and found that levels of lead were either nil or very low. So this story really was something that ran away with itself. And it also neglects the fact that in the 19th century in Britain, lead was absolutely everywhere. It's astounding when compared to what's permitted today. It was in the water, it was in the food. Red Lester cheese was adulterated with red lead to give it its healthy red hue. You could buy over-the-counter acetate of lead to treat your diarrhea or whatever else, hemorrhage and all sorts of things. So the population was exposed to enormously high levels of lead, and it's known that the levels of lead in skeletal material from that time is very high. So given that the Franklin crew was recruited from that population, their levels of lead would have been high anyway. And some Canadian researchers recently have used some very clever x-ray analysis to show that the lead in skeletal material from the Franklin crew was deposited before they went on the expedition. And it did not increase during the expedition. And that really is a clincher. And Adrian Bowman and I have taken that a little bit further by estimating what the lead in the blood was at that time. And again, the morbidity associated with the level of blood in the lead would have been very low or nil. So if you only take one message away from this evening, please, disregard what it says in Wikipedia, the Franklin expedition did not succumb to lead poisoning. If you believe that, my work is done, thank you. So it equilates through the scurvy, which is common on these ships, in which it affects some of the Franklin crew, did not do for them, and nor was there any medical factor that's been found to explain it. So what would have caused these deaths over that winter? Well, and this is where our discussions with Parks Canada have been very helpful. They have pointed out a number of things to us that, while stuck in the ice, the officers and other crew would not have just sat there passively. For a start, their provisions were running out. They'd have gone hunting. And hunting in the Arctic for the search ships was highly perilous, some extraordinary escapades there, where officers were lucky to escape with their lives, because hunting fell to the officers primarily. By the way, this fellow who's lying at the feet of the polar bear is sadly, going to be sadly disabused with the idea, it works with brown bears and grizzly bears.  Polar bears aren't taken in by that, sadly. And he's just about to find that out. And that may always be two thirds of a ton. Nothing stops a polar bear. So these would explain a number of deaths. And also the fact, and it's the maritime museum historians who have come up with some evidence for this, that some of the crew would have been sent back in the hope of contacting search ships, which they would be sure were up near Beachy Island in that long straight there. I can say more about that later if you're interested. Clearly, they didn't make it. They didn't manage to make contact. We can say more about that. And finally, they were up against the weather. The arctic weather was something they were not prepared for. This is data that Adrian Bowman primarily has prepared. And it's from one of the search ships, unwittingly, was only 200 miles north of where Franklin's ships were in the winter of 1948-1949. Now, you can see the temperatures there, minus 60 degrees. You cannot survive in that, wearing a standard issue royal naval greatcoat, winter cape, boots and mittens. That's not survivable if you're stuck in snow away from the shelter of a ship. So this undoubtedly caused numerous deaths. And it caused numerous deaths in the search ships as well. And if you look, as you see as the 1849 goes on and summer comes on, the temperatures start to rise above freezing. And this, at long last, is where the thaw began. And this is the final section of our little story, which is a short section. You'll not have to be pleased to know. In 1949, probably, maybe in 1850, the thaw occurred which released the ships. And it's thought that they may have travelled in consort. It's not clear. It's thought that they had travelled to these positions here where they were found just a few years ago by Parks Canada. The Arab is first in 2014 and the terror just two years ago. It seems that what happened to the two ships at this point is very different. And we'll look at that quickly. Let's focus on the terror and where she was just off King William Island. Now, when she was, when the terror was in this position, also from the Inuit testimony, that there was a tented camp from the men on board, on shore, which was found by the Inuit in 1849 or 50. The Inuit also reported that they'd visited the ship where they'd been rough handled by the crew but an officer had stopped them and had given them something to eat to calm them down. And had pointed to this tented camp some miles away on the shore and said to them, you must never go there. You're welcome to come to the ship. You must never go to that camp. And later, the Inuit found out exactly why. When they did go to the camp, as they approached it, it was clearly, there was nobody there living at the time, they found arms and legs lying outside, dismembered bodies. And when they got into the large marque tent that was there, it was really like a charnel house. With dismembered bodies, partially cooked, some men chained by the neck, one cannot hardly imagine what that meant, and clear evidence of cannibalism. And very recent forensic examination of these skeletal remains from there has confirmed without any shadow of a doubt from the cut marks on the skeletons, these are consistent with a body being dismembered to be eaten. And also some of the evidence is completely consistent with murder. Some of these men were killed deliberately. Well, the Inuit later encountered, remember 1850, 40 men assumed to be survivors from this camp, although they may have come from the terror herself. And they were very ill. The Inuit gave them some food, but they went on their way. They couldn't really help them. Later, 1850 or 51, they reported finding their scattered corpses. As part of the testimony, an Inuit woman in old age remembered what she'd seen as a girl of these men. And box clearly the last moments, the last throws, the wolves were very thick, meaning the wolves were everywhere. Only one man was living. He sat on the sandy beach, his head resting in his hands, and he grimened, I'm sure you'll agree, to whatever happened to the men of HMS terror. HMS Erebus, a slightly different tale. The Inuit were aware of her presence in that position there, and they were aware that there were men alive and active on board. They didn't go near the ship, but they waited until that activity appeared to have died down and approached certain and went on board where they found one man dead in a bunk and, leading from the ship eastwards, the footprints of three men and a dog.  You might infer, at this original inference, that men who would not eat their dog would not eat each other. So the way things went for the two ships may have been rather different. Now, the next bit of testimony that's quite fascinating is that, away over here in Repulse Bay, where there was a substantial Inuit encampment at that time, two men appeared and said that they had walked from the east, and it's a heck of a long way. It's approximately 300 miles. Now, if there were two men, originally there was three in old Neptune, clearly one man and poor old Neptune had succumbed somewhere along the way. But the Inuit recognised one of the men who had appeared. They called him Crozar. Remember Crozar had a long history in the Arctic. The Inuit knew him very well. They were adamant that Crozar was one of the men who appeared, who the other man was, is not known. They were in very bad way. The Inuit looked after them and got them restored to reasonable health and showed them how to go eastwards to the coast where they could find Hudson Bay Post and hopefully rescue. Unfortunately, to get there meant travelling through an area where First Nation people lived who were extremely hostile and if they went that way there was no way that they were going to survive. We assume that's what happened to them. The interesting thing is though that Crozar, before he left, the Inuit said he spent a lot of time sitting in a big book and he had lots of papers with him that he had writing on. He gave that in a satchel to the Inuit but they couldn't understand what he wanted them to do with it. When he'd gone they had no idea really what to do so they gave it to the children in the camp. Of course it ended up being scattered, all the material ended up being scattered to the four winds and historians are confident that that was the end of any formal records of the Franklin expedition. But maybe not and this is where we come to Parks Canada in this last couple of minutes. Their discovery of the ships has opened up all sorts of new possibilities. The top left there, this is on Erebus, you'll see if you've sharp eyed, this isn't the officers mess. They had a willow pattern and crockery there. There's nothing but the best for them. You can probably see one of them there. Really quite astounding things are being brought out of these two ships. The bottom left there, a diver is indicating one of the stern windows on HMS Terror. It's fully intact, the glass is intact as are other pens. They can see through into the cabin, which is the captain's cabin. The door on the other side is closed and it's what apparently is called in archaeological terms a sealed environment. Anything that was in that room when the ship went down will still be there. Apparently, if any written materials are in that room and in a secure drawer or something like that, with modern conservation techniques they can be made fully legible. If, for example, a ship's log is left there and they were kept in duplicate or one of the surgeon's records, they were kept in triplicate or any officer's diary is in that room, it may well explain everything that happened to these men and this ship. They've also found personal effects. They've found this shoe, it's an officer's shoe from the Airbus and have extracted DNA from it. And because the Canadians have set up a very extensive DNA database from descendants of the crew, they're very hopeful that they're able to tell whose shoe this was and the implication being he must have been on board the ship when it sank. They'll get a sense of who was on board. I'm not sure the logic of that entirely. I mean, it used to say he was still on the ship when it went down, but the shoe may have been clean enough. And most spectacularly of all, they are very confident that John Franklin's remains will be found in a lead-lined coffin in the hold of the Airbus. I can say more about the reasoning for that later. It's very plausible, but we could talk about that later if there's any questions. We're rather getting ahead of ourselves here because we're in the realms of speculation now. Let's finish by thinking about what we know as a fact for what happened and how we might interpret it. We're always in the game of blame, I suppose, and there's no doubt that these four factors here played their part. The ambition, really a pointless ambition of finding a north-west passage which could never be exploited, the complacency of the Admiralty and, first of all, having a plan for rescue and then taking five years to get sorted out for one, and the tragic misjudgment of poor James Ross, who never spoke of it for the rest of his life, and, of course, the chart. But these are only contributions to it because basically what they were up against was that they were pathetic. And they were a naval expedition. They were not trained and they were certainly not equipped to survive if they had to leave the ships. And it was never thought they would have to leave the ships. So when they did, they were both literally and metaphorically fatally exposed. And what I'd like to suggest to you is that, while the expedition and its failure has been regarded as a catastrophe and a disaster and a shaming incident, it's not that at all. It's a tragedy where, in fact, these men really did their best. They were volunteers. They didn't have to go. They went to do their best and they met a very grim fate. And I think it's very unfortunate that even today very respectable historians, no doubt because it sells books, when they write about the Franklin expedition, they focus on everything that went wrong, and in particular the cannibalism, which was a feature, but probably did not affect, not all of them, I'm sure, became involved in it. And just to give you an example of this, is this really how to remember the Franklin crew? This is from Anthony Brand. He's an American historian in his otherwise admirable biography of Franklin. This is literally how the book ends.  Well, folly it was, but it wasn't a folly of their making. And I think you might, I hope you'll agree with me, that they deserve a better memory than that. So how about this? Had they made it through the Northwest Passage, as they were in the Bering Straits, heading west, as they made the exit which would take them round the Aleutian Islands to the Pacific, this is what they would have seen. And in the last letter that Harry Goodser, who was assistant surgeon on the Air of Us, wrote to his father and Strother, this is what he said. All the officers are in great hopes of making the passage and expect to be in the Pacific at the end of next summer. Well, it wasn't to be, but at this stage they were fit and well, they were hopeful, they were confident and they were ready to do their best. So let's leave them there. Thanks very much.


And I have not started the recording, now started a person sitting in an open car moving at constant velocity throws a ball vertically up into the air the ball falls the ball falls Outside the car, in the car ahead of the person, in the car to the side of the person exactly in the hand which throw it up Now don't say that we threw the car outside the car What happened to Mungara? Mungara is not logged in with the infamous name of his That's a beautiful comment Meghna, like wow 228720 guys I told expect that you are not throwing it out A person sitting in an open car moving at constant velocity throws a ball vertically up is a ball Not horizontally right word or left word It is vertically up, it's thrown vertically up So it will the car, this is the ability of Maya to draw a car I can't draw better, so my masterpieces are just like this Ball is tossed, this ball will retain its inertial motion toward this direction So it will go like to, meanwhile in the same time our dear car will also reach the same spot So it will land exactly in the hand with which through It was thrown up, G I got it, got it, got it, got it, got it, got it Good, wind resistant etc, get a better leather ball What would happen if it was accelerating even then in that case dear My new differences will be there at insignificant, like at big distances If air resistance had to be considered aria, it will be very thoroughly mentioned If it has to be considered, and the ball is not a paper ball that it will just fly off Better ball, I draw the diagram Sneha, like I represented it by the diagram This is a car, car, okay When the ball is with the car, both the car and the ball are moving with same velocity When you throw it up, the ball retains its initial state of motion So this ball will now do two types of motions parallel Hence it will land up here Now the velocity in this direction is same as that of car Because it is received from car only So in the same time they will cover equal distance in the horizontal direction So, good, good, good, good Thank you very much, thank you very much, next Here we go to the leaderboard Ananya, better car is moving, do one thing Utilize this, like after the class Throw ball upward, keep running, throw ball upward and go You will take it catch back in the same and you won't have to stop I repeat it, I will repeat that back, understand Yes, see here, if the car would have been static The ball will go up and will come down But because the car is having some initial velocity direction here This ball also have initial velocity direction here Okay, sure The ball will go like this and come here If your car will stop just after throwing the ball You won't be able to reach the ball You won't be able to reach the ball But because your car is moving The ball was moving, both have the same horizontal speed They will land up, they will reach up at the same horizontal ground In the same time, yes or no Good, thank you, thank you, thank you, relax And I suggest, if it is escalated just after throwing the ball Then a difference in value, in that case the velocity of car will increase It will cover some more distance in the same time Okay, if it will de-accelerate It will fall before the ball, right or not Okay, the ball will fall in front of the car Got it Aryan, bit has thrown vertically up Needleboard shows Siddharth was the fastest one to respond Okay, there are other friends of ours Now the difference has increased to thola thola sa And let's move on to the next question A particle is moving with a constant speed along a straight line path A force is not required to increase its speed Decrease the momentum, change the direction Keep it moving with uniform velocity Somewhere I got distracted because of the voice, sorry for that So yes, increase its speed, decrease the momentum Change the direction, keep it moving with uniform velocity 46 people answered it right, like the 45 people answered it right In the first question, 46 people now, learning it out 5, 5 and 1 Guys, please relax, think, read and respond By the very first law of Uncle Newton, it says that A body will continue its state of motion until and unless a net external force is applied Increasing the speed state of motion is not kept the same It has changed, decrease in momentum again, change in velocity Change the direction, again change in momentum Changing the direction will need a force to be applied The only thing is, if it has to be let moving like the ball and the car No force is required Okay, so here we go to the next question And before that, the leaderboard No numerical, sir, there will be a They will come, they will come, they will come And they will surely come Dialogue from, dialogue from General knowledge test is like I will give you a hint Loki In conversation with Gone, I am not in conversation with these guys No, Loki is in conversation with No, they will come and they will surely come Iron man We have an army of aliens We have Avengers They will come and they will surely come They don't know anything, I am not going to talk to them Now Aniket Gupta is the fastest one to respond Pranav, Smriti and quite a good number of people Next Who yaar? Like not Avengers to Avengers If a bullet of mass 5 gram moving with the velocity They will come and they will surely come They came If a bullet of mass 5 gram moving with velocity 100 meters per second Penetrates the wooden block up to 6 centimetres Then the average force imposed by the bullet On the block is The average force imposed by the bullet On the block is Numerical, numerical, numerical 11, 25, 18, 2, good Relax And read Relax Bullet of mass, mass will be required at last Because it is calculation of force We will have to calculate the acceleration Mass multiplied by acceleration will give us the answer So Good Now with the velocity, there is an initial velocity Penetrates to the wooden block up to 6 centimetres That means before coming to a final velocity of 0 The displacement carried out is 6 Yes or no I mean 417 is everyone knowing this Rn, you are out somewhere You are responding here Right? Good, good, good, good, good, good Very good, very good, very good Chalo By utilizing uncle Newton's or the equations of motion Third equation we will write V square is equals to u square Plus 2 A S Yes or no? Yes or no? From here What is the value of A you will calculate And then multiplied by mass into acceleration Will give you the total force Yes or no? Gupta So now Gupta's your ideology is calculate time How will you calculate time? S is equals to ut plus half 80 square Now you think, you tell me how will you calculate time? Where will you get A from? No, so that's Okay, relax first thing Because you will get good and beautiful Where did you get A from? Yeah, exactly For Gupta you are saying, right? Okay, relax, understand guys We have three equations We have had these kind of discussions Okay, I should not invest time in this Some time later But understand, all the three equations of motions Are four variable at a time In order to get some answer out of any one equation You need three informations bare minimum Yes or no? You know the process of solving an equation, right? Yes, Gupta What am I saying to you? I am not talking about why Like you applied something wrong Our agenda of discussion is The Approach Right? And I know Gupta won't mind it Taking the name over here Thank you very much So now we will get acceleration from here What is the value of acceleration coming out from here? What is the value of acceleration coming out from here? Negative 100 Into 100 Into 100 By 12 Yes or no? Yes Good Everything in this system is at SI So the force will be equal to mass 5 gram Into Acceleration 3, 4, 5, 6 By 12 So You have the answer How? 10 to the power minus 3 And this will get cancelled It will be 5000 By 12 Which is Bought it GI Good guys Relax Now you are exaggerating Exaggerating and Kind of Bugging one of my very dear friends Right? Okay Meghna, here we go So Mass was given Initial velocity is given Final velocity is 0 Displacement is given So we will apply third equation of motion V square is equal to u square plus 2 as Good No I like you were kind of noting it down Okay Okay got it Thank you Here we go to the leaderboard So Aniket Pranav Smriti Aniket you Got this bad Now you will see who is going to harm you Okay Good Vibha Vibha was the fastest one to respond Neha, Gyanesh, Pranava there And here we go To the next question A force of 100 dimes Act on Mass of 5 gram For 10 seconds The velocity produced is Beautiful prism Dime is a CGS unit of CGS unit of Force Like force is calculated in kg meter per second Square If you will calculate force in gram Centimeter per second square Then you will get Gram centimeter per second square Then you will get Okay So like this is a beautiful question Delivering two types of information for you guys So force of 100 dimes Force is acting on a mass M is given For 10 seconds The velocity produced is Good Good Good 31 people Chop Back First beautiful scenario Dime Okay Chop But the more beauty is You don't have to convert it Because the answers are in centimeter per second Yes or no Now you have this concept as Force is equals to change in momentum Upon time Second law of Uncle Newton Yes or no And you know While doing so While doing so You don't change the mass So change in velocity Is equals to force into time By mass Okay Force Into time By mass Easy Easy Easy The confusion see The beauty of the scene is which They created a confusion But they nullified it by that Itself Okay Right Good Need a board Okay Somewhat a shuffle is possible Aryan, Aniket, Naina Pranav Neha is leading the scenarios Very good They were being annoying and nice At the same time Who? Okay Mungara is like Mungara Talking like Mungara Good Varsha was the fastest one To respond And here we give To the next question Objects will continue moving Uniformly until It will continue to move Uniform until There is a twist Oh Surya Like this is This is a bigger problem Right Guys, read it The resultant force acting on it Begins to decrease The resultant force on it is 0 I couldn't read it I took some time but answered it Let's see 27 people answered it 10, 6 and 12 Please guys The object will continue moving Uniformly until No force acting on it Acts on it Okay Clear The other way Some force really exists The resultant force acting on it Begins to decrease Still force exists The resultant force Is at right angle To its rotation So it will be at Causing a circular motion The resultant force on it is Increased continuously Force exists So in all the three scenarios other than B There was a presence of force Okay Right Here we go to the leaderboard Neha, Pranav, Gyanesh Pranav Okay there are two Pranavs Gyanesh is now leading the scenarios And here we go to the next question In doubling The mass and acceleration Of the mass The force acting on the mass With respect to the previous value Decrease to half Remain unchanged Increase to two times And increase as four times Neha sir I choose B But it shows AAR Sorry Neha, sorry, sorry, sorry Is this some trick question Sola sir there is a The language is a bit messy Okay It's messed up, it's not like Very straight So like it takes a time Some time for someone to Really go through that what to be applied What to be multiplied What to be divided and all It's not a tricky question The language is not that clear The only thing is Right, good, 47 Both the mass and accelerations Are being doubled To M and to A So the force will become Four of the initial value G, I got it Good So we are running good with respect to time But yes there will be questions In the later stage where Explanation will have to be comprehensive So Gyanesh, Pranav, Pranav Naina Pranav is now leading the scenarios Very good, very good, very good Let's go to the next question A force of 5 Newton acts on a body Of weight 9.8 Newton What is the acceleration produced In meter per second Relax, think and respond You will get it Better when it is very straight forward Written 9.8 Then it's good to go take the G as 9.8 It will be easier to calculate You playing a different game Yes, simple and easy 9.26, 8 and 13 Because the word here says weight Word here says weight You will have to go to mass What is mass? Weight is mass Into acceleration due to gravity So from here Mass of this body will be 1 Ok So Mass Into acceleration is force So acceleration is 5 G, I got it Need a board Pranav, Pranav, Gyanesh couldn't get it Naina, Varsha The fastest one to respond was Aditya, very good, very good Here we go to the next question You are on a frictionless horizontal plane How can you get off If no horizontal force is exerted By pushing against the surface? Yeah, logical Good You guys got it Anyone want to unmute and explain Anyone, anyone Since the friction is not I mean it's a frictionless surface So the only way you can move is By exerting a force in the opposite direction Which you can achieve by either Setting or sneezing Exactly Got it, every action will deliver An equal and opposite reaction Your body acts this way You will move this way Okay So there is no other way possible Got it So Good Next question Gravity won't stop you from sliding That is what you are using Pranav, Naina, Rn And here we Rn was the fastest one to respond Very good, very good Here we go to the next question Pran is standing at a spring Platform, spring balance and all that Right The reading of spring balance is 60 kg weight Okay If Man jumps outside the platform Then the reading of spring balance Will first increase then decrease to 0 Decrease Increase remains same I guess In order to make you guys wait I should have kept the option number A Somewhere in between I don't know whether it is right or not But just telling like that Guys No No Not at all Okay There are 15 questions 46 people So like 45, 46, 47 people Answering to those questions Yes As you will jump You will apply a force downward That will increase the reading Of the weighing scale Okay And as you will Release The system will remain Like will come at neutral stage So it will first increase And then decrease I got it Pranav, Rn, Pranav, Naina Khushi, Aniket, Gyanesh, Siddharth Sneha was the fastest one to respond Very good, very good, very good And here we go to the next question A machine gun fires 20 bullets Per second Into a target Each bullet weighs 150 gram And Has a speed of 80 meter per second Find the force Necessary to hold the gun In position Relax, read and respond You will get it, not a very difficult one The bullet is just too heavy It's a machine gun also Read that Which kind of machine gun You have seen a small PUBG machine gun 37 people got it right Very good, nice at calculations What kind of bullet Is 150 gram Like you guys Need some visit to some camp and all Okay A machine gun Fires 20 bullets per second Into a target Good Each bullet weighs 150 gram And has a speed of 800 meter per second Here So, no doubt No understand Forward momentum Is equal to backward momentum And you call it required So, whatever be the forward momentum Will be the backward momentum Okay Sure, in order to Hold the gun, whatever Is the force being applied In doing so Will be equal, every action will have An equal and opposite reaction Yes or no Now Total mass being ejected Per second Total mass being ejected Is 20 into 150 into 10 to the power Minus 3 gram to kg Okay Per second So, into Velocity 800 meter Per second Clear, now easy to solve Why, because 1, 2, 3 will nullify this This is 300 Multiplied with 8 2400 Gi, got it No doubt, good Oh, that's You miss the 8 Then 300 is nowhere If you miss the 3 Then 800 is available, no problem No problem, good Need a boat Pranav, RN, Pranav, Naina, Khushi Ganesh, Neha, Kiranmay Neha, Laksh Ganesh was the fastest one To respond, and here we go The first machine gun had a big barrel Of water surrounding The nozzle to cool it Good, tension in the spring Is, tension is the stretch Okay Stretch, I am feeling Somewhere that the question is incomplete Got it, I got it The question was incomplete No problem, no problem, no problem Yeah, relax, relax The question was incomplete Relax, relax, relax Not your mistake, guys Relax, the question was incomplete Okay, why Because if this Spring is getting stretched Then how much is not given You getting my point So might be that while Somewhere converting The color and all It got missed See, it can be all possible options RN, with respect to the reading Given, it can be all possible options So, yes Exactly, what is tension First of all, so understand this Pachai, if Simple, what I Relate, you guys will relate easily To this, if there Is a rubber band You will pull it, it will break Yes or no, right Sure On application of the force There exists a Response, like Spring, specially spring Okay, specially And easy to understand with spring Spring, rubber band and all that Okay, suppose There is a ceiling, there is a thread And there is a mass hanging M Yes or no, yes or no Now my simple question is What is the force acting, what is the force acting What is the force Okay What is the force, what is the force acting Down is mg But if mg is the downward force Shouldn't be a case that this object Should go down as per Newton's first law Yes, it should go But where is this force getting neutralized This force is getting neutralized By generation of a restoring force Right or not There is a thread in the string Okay That is the tension in the string The very word tension, the stress Okay, the opposition to Applied force Right, exactly So now, understand this If by application of this It will not stretch At all If by application of these forces It will not stretch At all, the answer should be 10 Should be 10 Okay And then further With respective increase In the stretch It will become Till 0, how Force is not 0 Force on the system is 0 There is a string It will stretch It will stretch No, no, answer is not d, that's what I am saying But the information is missing This question is not complete Okay, so One by one If there is no expansion If there is no expansion 10 Sure If there is Suppose, understand Very simply understand This is a loose pack of wool This is a loose pack of wool Yes or no This is a loose pack of wool Then, will it experience any stress Because of a force being applied on it No, it will easily open up unwind Yes or no In that case, there won't be any tension Getting produced Okay, exactly There has to be information given About the material Okay, how is it expanding How much is it expanding Some arrow diagram over here and all that Got it, aren't you not getting Aren't you come back to a normal scenario Okay Very normal scenario But this is a ceiling This is a wall Okay, it's a rigid wall Okay, there is a hook Clear With the hook, there is a Iron rod Okay You are at one end of this iron rod You are at one end of this iron rod Okay So And now you are pulling it Is the iron rod moving Yes or no Means whatever the force you are Applying is getting neutralized In this direction Yes or no So whatever is the applied force Is equal to the tension in the rod Yes or no Now think about a little different case There is a thick rubber band Thick Very very thick Because resultant has to be Zero Therefore tension is required If tension won't be zero Who will If tension won't be zero Who will decrease the Impact of the force Right Got it, that's it So now whatever be the stretch Based on that the amount of Tension will keep on decreasing Okay, so suppose Free wool Okay, you will just run with the force So whatever force you are applying Is getting utilized to stretch it No tension Got me Good, good, good, good, good, good So What I will do is I will try to Nullify the impact of this question Better rigid collectors will have Maximum tensions The capability of the Their capability to Okay Retain that is maximum What I am doing is I am nullifying the impact Of this question, okay So no one will get any score out of this I have like Kept the switch screen off Over unsure mode Because I was Okay, now I have given everyone wrong Is it okay neutral Right, good Next question So now see We landed up in that single question Hit us so bad That we are here But yes is still recoverable We have only After this like two more questions Three four minutes more Okay A book is lying on the table What is the angle between the Action of The block Of the book on the table Of the table on the book Beautiful question So confusing but beautiful Now you know in between when I was Discussing with you The last scenario I got some odd 52 messages Or what's that like Ting ting ting ting ting ting Ting So yes a book is lying Okay on the table it is applying its weight down What will be the Direction of the reaction Angle between them Okay 20 30 I told you there is a minor Confusion guys Minor confusion The confusion is Understand This is a table surface This is the book The MG of the book acts down The normal reaction by the table acts up The total angle between them is 180 Not zero I told you No confusion is there Got it Got it Here we go To the next question So Pranav is consistently maintaining his position Last two questions A body whose momentum is constant Must have a constant A body whose momentum is constant Must have a constant Force Velocity Acceleration all of these See the single word all of these Is the only Point of confusion If all of these wouldn't be there I know all of you might have answered the Single thing But the single word Single word Single word All of these Some message none of these If mass is not constant Yeah exactly Anike Good Good I said that single word Single word Single word Single word 24 people only My dear friends If there will be a constant force or Acceleration Change in velocity will be there Change in velocity will bring change in momentum Right Must be Constant Told you the single word Caused the doubt Got it Relax that's why it is required Please read Think, respond, beautiful Need a board I guess there might be a good shuffle See Aran's bullet concept I must comment on this He hardly makes a mistake Aran Good is leading the scenarios Anike Bhukta was the fastest one to respond And here we go to the It goes missing The Investigation leads you back To three generations above Okay I'll just put The connection The motion of a rocket is based on The principle of conservation of Principle of conservation of Rocket Rocket is principle of conservation of The Mass also changes So the Product of Product of Anike How many people got it right Leaderboard and I know because there is No explanation required for this Okay Right linear momentum Who's there, who's there, who's there, who's there Who's there Aran Tandon is the winner Aran is the new one Let me do it again Okay Good Aran Very good, very good Played well Guys I did not keep the miscellaneous question Because I kind of have noticed your response is good So we'll continue This NTSC rounds Learning outcome 1 to 5 Learning outcome 1 to 5 One being the smallest 5 Being the highest Excuse me sir can you hear me Yes Peter please Can you repeat the 14th one please 14th one Okay A board E whose momentum is constant Must have a constant Constant force supply Will bring change in velocity Constant acceleration supply Will also bring change in velocity Only keeping the velocity constant Will help Yeah okay sir thank you Good good Sir but force and acceleration are 0 right And 0 is also constant Yeah I am now joking Okay That's a particular solution not a general solution So now what have you been through this Particular solution and general solution If you might have solved trigonometric equations Yes or no Yes sir So that is a particular solution Okay so you can say Must have a constant supply Of 0 force A constant supply of 0 acceleration Because that's a particular solution Okay Good good No problem guys played well Very good very good thanks a lot good night Bye bye