Hey y'all, what's up? My name is Sonali, welcome to another video. Today I am doing something crazy to my hair. I like don't really know exactly what I wanna do, but I thought I would just film it for you guys because I get so many questions about what exactly I asked for or like what I get done. And I know this time is gonna be a little bit different, so I thought I would just film it again. Last time when I got my hair done, I just created an IGTV video. So if you wanna know what I got for this hair right here, go check it out on my IGTV, I'll link it down below. But I think I'm gonna chop my hair off. It's like really, really long. So I don't know how much I'm cutting. I kinda wanna go like this short, which is like, well now it doesn't look like that much. It honestly just grows really, really fast.  But I feel like I always do that and I kinda wanna just switch it up. I have some new inspo pics that I'll probably do like a little slideshow here in case you want to do the same thing that I'm gonna get today. Appointment is in a couple of minutes, so I'm gonna head into the salon and I'm going to Salon Mystique today. I'm actually partnering with them on Instagram. So I'm just pumped to do something a little bit different. I'm here at Salon Mystique and I'm with my hairstylist. Hi, I'm Grace, I'm a stylist here at Salon Mystique and I just moved to your match right through clothing. So she actually helped with my hair last time and I had Misty and Grace and I'm super excited to just kinda do something different this time. Let's show you my inspo pics. Oh yeah, cute. So what's that like right here? Oh wait, that's not even that much. Yeah, it's like right here. Or maybe a little bit shorter. It looks like hers, maybe, maybe about there.  I was just saying that like my hair grows so fast so I feel like why not? It doesn't feel good to do a big job. Yeah, so, okay, so this is how short I went in college and I liked it, but I feel like maybe it was a little bit too layered because I don't know. But is her hair layered or is it like not too conspiracy? It looks like she has more of a blunt haircut. Okay, with maybe just a little bit of face trimming. I think that's what I wanna do now. Like this, I don't even know where I got my hair cut but that was not a good haircut. A pretty strong face frame and then it's not really blended. Yes, and then I like my hair here. But that's just like obviously with the colors and stuff. Okay, so for the color, I feel like the backs since last time it was like so drastic for me to do anything like we started off like kind of like slow but I kind of wanna do it like bring the color up. What do you think? I think that was pretty, how far are you thinking? I don't know, but like I like that it's like. That's pretty. Yeah, so it's not all the way to the roots. It's just a little higher. And I can follow the pattern that we did last time. And then I love these little pieces in the front. So I want those again. Yes, okay, yeah, I like a strong little piece. Yeah, and then I did feel like this side, I feel like last time was a little just warm. Okay, so like even more ashy. Yeah, okay, but I don't know, because I like it, but maybe it's just because it's been a while, but. Yeah, it'll fade also after a little while. So if you're not wanting to do anything too drastic. I think like, what about like in between of this and this? Yeah, like just a little lighter without the other blonde. Because I wanna do like more drama because now I'm used to it, you know what I mean? So yeah, I think I'm ready. What's really cool about Solon Mystique is that they have their own suites. So that's why our masks are off. No one else is in here, so we're good. But I wanted to do like a little question and answer with my hairstylist because I feel like I get a lot of hair questions, especially on TikTok because I feel like all of my TikToks go viral about my hair thanks to Grace and Misty. So today I wanted to tell you guys everything that you should know before dyeing your virgin hair or just dyeing your hair in general. So the first one we have is if you've never dyed your hair before, start subtle because I feel like the first time that they dyed my hair they did money pieces on me, which are the pieces that are brighter right here. So it was really drastic, but it wasn't even drastic.  I agree. I feel like people see pictures of something they really like and they want to dramatically change their hair. And some people love doing that and it's awesome. But if you've never done it before, chances are high that you're gonna hate it, at least at first, you're gonna do that.  You just have to let it sit and go subtle at first. Also, I would say choose a color that compliments your skin tone. Same thing with if you're looking at pictures of other people, make sure that they sort of have similar coloring to you to see what it's actually gonna look like. That's smart. Rather than just someone on Pinterest. Yeah, that looks good on them. And that brings us to our third point. So bring pictures with you. Yeah, every style is just different and every client is different. So you might think that you're talking about the same thing but pictures are really the only way to make sure that you're on the same page. We were just talking about curtain bangs and how everyone on TikTok was getting curtain bangs and we were saying that the pictures that they wanted it to look like were more like face framing layers but they called it curtain bangs because TikTok called it curtain bangs. So yeah, I feel like a picture would have definitely helped out in that situation.  And I thought that was really smart. I never thought about that. I think all the time you just want to look like her and it's like you have to imagine it on your face. Yeah. I would say also just be prepared to invest in different hair products depending on what you're doing. Like if you're going really blonde. Yeah. Like a purple shampoo for blondes. The purple will cancel out yellow. With more of a brunette like this, the undertone is closer to orange so you'd use a blue shampoo to cancel that out. I'll link down below the blue shampoo that I have been using. It's really good. And the fifth point is to look at the hairstylist's Instagram page. I feel like that's a given, especially now in today's age. Let's do your research, make sure you're going to a good place that you like what you see on your Instagram page. Style and different kind of aesthetics. So you don't like their work. You probably won't like what they do on you. Yeah. I would say also just be really honest with your hairstylist. A lot of the times clients will lie to you without even knowing. So just like all usually ask someone if they've ever dyed their hair. And a lot of the times they'll say no because it was a couple of years ago and they think it washed out or whatever. Permanent hair color doesn't wash out. Yeah. So it makes a big difference in the way that we're going to color your hair. If you've ever used like sun and like different stuff like that, you might, that's a big one. Just be honest about it because your hairstylist isn't going to be mad at you. They just need to know. Like it's not in a way of like judging. Like when you use like box dye. So we just need to know so that we can do it differently so that your hair doesn't get fried. Good to know. Okay, well that's all the points that we have thought of and I hope that was helpful to you. A lot of people messaged me saying that they're just scared to like bleach their version hair. What would you say to someone that is like, I'm just scared? I would say just do your research about the stylist that you're going to start smaller like this, like a more subtle balayage rather than trying to go like flatten them right away because it will change the texture of your hair a little bit. Nothing dramatic should happen, but just so that you can sort of start slow and go gentle first rather than doing anything too drastic. While we're here, why don't you tell everyone what you're doing on my hair today? And like if somebody asked me, you know, what did you ask your hairstylist for? What would you tell them? So on your hair, since your natural hair is pretty dark, I usually like to do a foiliage is what it's called rather than a balayage. A balayage traditionally is open hair, so rather than being in the foil, you would just be like, you know, I'm sure you've seen the on Instagram and stuff, like there's just all sitting out, but the foil conducts heat, so it'll process better with hair like this, like it can just sort of turn brassy or not really lift at all. And lift means just to get it lighter. Yeah, so I usually prefer to stick in foils, but other than that, you do it the same way. It's a balayage really. It's just a different technique and I'm just bringing it up a little bit from the end since we are gonna do a haircut. Her balayage starts like sort of about here, so I'm just bringing it up so that we're not cutting off all the color that we did and just brought her money piece up so it's close to her roots again. Yeah, those are my favorites. You guys have to, I asked her, I was like, do you have to specify if you want money pieces? And she said that if you're going to a good hairstylist that they'll most likely ask you if you want that, but I mean, I guess maybe, especially if you're showing them pictures, they'll probably see it, right? Yeah, they're popular right now. Yeah. Most people will probably do it, but. I say do it because they, I feel like if I didn't get the money piece, I don't think it would be as dramatic and I don't think I would be that in love with it, but it just frames my face so well that I'm like, whoa, like. Yeah, it makes a huge difference. It really made me feel like a branding bitch, it was awesome, so. I'm so excited to see what Grace does this time. So I'm just going to keep checking on your foils until they get as light as I want them. Cool. And then I'm going to rinse them out. I'm going to bring you back here to tone you just so that I can make sure I get all of it. And since we are going to cut some off, I'm going to do like a rough chop then too so that we're not coloring hair that we don't need to. True. And then after that I'll wash the toner out and we'll do your hair cut. Like I get so many hair videos on my TikTok. Yeah, and on my Instagram and stuff too, they're like processing it. Even I sometimes I'm like, how are they going to bring back from that? And it tones it down too, so like it looks so stark right now. What do you mean? Like it tones it down to like a little bit darker. Yeah, yeah. So, yeah, where it looks like already dramatic right now. Yeah, I'm just, I'm not faced.  But I do look like Justin Timberlake's ramen noodle dude. Yeah. It reminds me of the penguins from Madagascar but they're yellow. I'm not ready for it. Y'all, it is short and so freaking cute. It looks so good. Gracie literally killed it. It's like my dream Pinterest hair. It is the next day and this is what my hair looks like today. It honestly feels just so short but I literally love it. Like I'm so happy that we went short. Like I said, my hair just grows really fast. So I think it's super cute, very mature. I mean, I already missed my long hair but I just, I'm going to have so much fun styling this. She did tone it a little bit darker so it will fade. That happened last time. I feel like it was darker at the start of it but then it got lighter over time. So overall I'm super obsessed with it.    Comment down below if you guys are thinking about doing something different to your hair and what it is and I will see y'all in my next video. Bye.


The statistical bias correction method developed by ISIMIP is designed to correct climate model data for systematic deviations of the simulated historical data from observations. This method uses transfer functions to map the distribution of the simulated historical data to that of the observations. These transfer functions are then applied to correct the future projections. Additionally, this method can also be used to preserve the warming signal when only land area data is available. This article was offered by S. Hempel, K. Freeler, L. Warsowski, and others.


Welcome to remote sensing and GIS for rural development, NPTEL lecture. This is week 8, lecture 3. In this week, we have been looking at land use land cover, how it is related to rural development and what other data needs for doing a good land use land cover map. We have defined what is land use land cover, specifically what is land use and what is land cover. Then we merged it into one word as LULC and then we added a change word. So LULC is there and then LULC change between two time periods. We also noted that there is lot of data issues in mapping LULC and for that we are going to devote the next two lectures on data sources, data access and how you could bring data from multiple sources into resource mapping. So let us start with the first example. We have ISRO's resources for LULC and as you could see, there is a very detailed Booban portal looking at the land use land cover with multiple attributes, roads, houses, buildings, airports, infrastructure, etc. And there is also another portal within the Booban which showcases the agricultural rural aspect. As I said, we cannot neglect rural and urban as separate entities. The demand in urban is taken up by rural areas and when the urban system increases, the rural regions feel the pinch or they are impacted. For them to flourish and sustainably develop, the urban systems also have to be checked. So we will now look at multiple resources. As I said, there are multiple hierarchies in ISRO, that is ISRO, this is SPAC, state space agencies and then there is NRSC, National Remote Sensing Center and then there is subdivisions. Just for the state, there are multiple ISRO products. ISRO works with multiple software agencies to collect data and map it. And there is the ready-made Booban data which is sometimes made with ISRO data and other satellite data like NASA, MODIS, etc. and some products are given. So we are going to look at the access to these data, but first let us look at the tutorial on how to access it. For this, we will go to this website. So allow me to share the screen on the Booban Wiki page where how you can access thematic maps, how you can go into learning to use these different data sets will be showcased. So now I am opening the data set page. So the link I have clicked and this comes up. And what you could see is it is like a book with a user guide on thematic maps. So you can click on the thematic data URL which opens out a specific portal which will come after this, going through this tutorial. So it tells about the URL is this and you can have multiple mapping systems. It is provided in Booban, it can be used for linemans, flood hazard, flood annual erosion, etc. Our need is this part. You can see that land use land cover data is the first very, very dominant part in rural development, urban development, etc. And that is why I am using it here in this lecture series as one week. We may spill over in the next week where we may have a hands on tutorial on using downloaded data for land use land cover. You can open and access these layers using WMS service through various clients like Open Layers, QGIS, ArcGIS, WMS service, you can just Google it through YouTube and it will open up its own web page on how to use the WMS service. Again it is apart from the lecture content. We are not here to give one specific data set and how it interacts in GIS but that is what the WMS is. We will just focus on the data access, data download which we will do in the hands on session. We will use NASA's data because it is more appropriate and more relevant in terms of time and space and you will find that even the Booban data houses NASA data. It is not made with this source data. We will find it pretty soon. So these services are linked to this website. It is good to use the best service available. It is free open source. So what NASA's data does is it mixes with the flow data and comes as a bigger product. So it is always good to use the best service available. Yes, we are here to use more Indian products but we should also understand that we should use the best service available for the Indian public so that they manage the land and other resources well. So coming back, we will look into what the datas are there, there is land use man cover. If you click this, it is going to be the same thematic region, just two links given for the same part. So WMS service is there and then there is a step to step guide on how to download the data. If you just go to the Booban geographical indications, GI of India or just the Booban website, you can also click on thematic services. I have given the link but let us search it for ourselves so that in the new course of time if the link does not work, you can just go ahead. So just type Booban. The first thing which comes on Booban is this, the web page opens as entire data fee. So if you look at this Wikipedia page, this page is different than the current page. Why? Because the page has been updated. The schema is same but it has been updated with new, new buttons. So you can see all these different layers and if you come down, you can see that there is thematic layers. Here it is. So you click thematic layers and this web page comes up. So even if the link doesn't work, all the methodologies I have shown will bring you to the same web page where you have the thematic layers. I'm just going to close all the other layers. And just maybe open one layer just for our sake and let's see how it does. So we open the thematic layer and then you can search option to select the theme, what type of data you want and then you can do some statistics-based approach to see how the data differs for a particular region. Click on statistics option to see the land use land cover in each category. You can also click on analysis option for drawing an area of interest and then doing a quick analysis. All these data can be downloaded as an image or as a table CSV file with the results. So you don't have to do this in GIS. So whatever I'm going to show took nearly a master's thesis to do but now with just a click of a button you'll be doing this in the class. So I'll be showing all these resources on how to use it. Click on the metadata option to read the data about the data and then the web service URL so that you can call this into GIS. So by example QGIS, you can just click copy this, open in QGIS, it will quickly open. Click on the overlay option to put other data within the booban surface into your own surface and then print option to print the map which you see. So we're going to see these things and so before that there's a lot of other tags that you can see. Video tutorials, as I said, if you click on the video tutorials link you could see how to download the satellite data, how to add booban WMS layer in QGIS. You could see here that specifically QGIS is given because it is open source and everyone should have access. So what we use in this current lecture is also QGIS. So we are using what all industries use, we are using what all people use for the software QGIS open source. So you can go through this lecture which has been given in the ISRO platform as I said, some lectures are already linked to the lectures within the QGIS platform in ISRO. I think that you can use. So here you can see that web service is given. You can open it, it will directly open in your QGIS web service location. You generate it, you will go here and then you will put it into your QGIS software and then it says add WMS service. You put in the layers, it will just open out and come up in QGIS software. I don't want to redo this entire exercise but it works and you can see clearly that they are showing how the layer works and gets out of office. So here it's getting populated and you can visualize it. They have used here RGIS in this example, so this is a RGIS, QGIS is used much, much better because it is free and open source. So I will come back, even though it says add QGIS, you can see that it is RGIS the link they have given but it's fine. We will do a quick analysis using QGIS in this lecture series. So all the other tutorials and other things are there. You can see how you can register on this portal, you can see for example here. So you can see how you can register and what data is needed. It is secure as per their comments, you can have an account. Then there is free satellite data, as I said the DEM that we had in the lecture 7, we had around 1 arc second approximately equal to 32 meters per pixel. So that is within the equatorial region, we said 30 degrees, 30 meters, etc. So that is almost the same. And then we have Cotter DEM, Cotter satellite 1 DEM version 1.1 R1, which is also very good in Indian regions, then the version 2, version 3, and then there is IMS hyperspectral image, 17 bands for hyperspectral image, which is more on land-use land cover and other resources. Here we have the resource set, which is also giving you the land-use land cover. If you remember that in the previous lecture, we had this is being used for LUNC preparation maps by the ISRO agency and that is at 56 meters. So now here's a question, if you have an open source data, which is at 30 by 30 meter resolution, which is good enough for an Indian region, you will definitely use it. The ortho is also good, LIS 3, which is at 24 meters, but the data is only available until May 2019. And it comes twice, two times a year at 15 minutes. So you have all these data, which is freely given, last updated one year ago. So now let's come back to the thematic slides where we are going to cover what we are going to cover. So the tutorial has been explained, the slide has come up, the tutorial has been explained. We hope that the tutorial is helpful for you. Now we're going to look at what the thematic area is going to cover. I'm going to select UP as the region of the province. Why? Because UP has the highest number of villages. So this link will take us to the webpage for the thematic services, which is also the same, which was given in the wiki page. But what we will be doing is we will see, take case study as UP as an example. Why UP? Because UP has the highest number of rural population and villages. Again, this course is for rural development. So let's take a rural entity as our data set for the tutorial. Then we'll be doing these steps. We hope we could cover most of it in one lecture, but we can also trickle this to the next lecture, which is the fourth lecture of the eighth week. Because this is very important to understand each and every tab and how it works. So I'll patiently go through this with you. I'll explain in detail how this can be helpful. Downloading, you can just look at the YouTube tutorials from ISRO's webpage on downloading. But maneuvering and linking the rural development is the goal of this course. So as we suggested, let's go back to this slide. So the thematic area is going to be showcased. It's going to be shared. So close this and now the thematic area has come. You can see the boundaries are clear, entire India is there.  So let's look into all these links. So you can print the map, add WMS layer, updates some things and then log in. I will not log in for now. If needed, we can log in when we download the data. So normally you can keep it here so that we can see the entire solution of India. I can double click to zoom in. We'll keep it like this so that we all can see what region that we're going to work on. So in the search box, the first is select team. If you click this, there's multiple thematic layers that have been made. Of this, yes, urban sprawl. What does urban sprawl means? How does the urban area increase? OK, let's just click one urban sprawl and then select some states. You know, all states are there. Let's say Maharashtra and then view. This kind of a land use land cover, but basically base layer is 2011-12. So this is 2011-12. You can see how Mumbai region is. The red color means the urban area. But if you overlay this with 2005-2006, you could see that I'm zooming out. So some layers are coming out as pale, which means there has been initially the area was here, but now it's expanded here in 2012. So now if you increase this and then move it across, you could see that here. Yeah, this example is good. You could see that initially in 2011-2012, this is the urban sprawl. And if you click this part, then you can see that the light red is 2005-2006. But now it has increased when urban area increases. As I said, it consumes rural or peri-rural, peri-urban regions. It consumes the resources that were promised for rural regions and there is an imbalance. So to document that, it is important to do land use land cover. So let's go back to our initial theme that we wanted to work on. So I'm just going to refresh it. We have the India slide again. You go here. So there is water bodies. Again, part of your land use land cover, flood annual, flood hazard. These are just basic flood analysis for a particular year. It's not full in term. Lineament is a geological fractures and lines where they are present in India. It basically maps the earthquake prone zones. Geomorphology is, as the name suggests, a lot of geology and the morphology of the rivers. Glacier lakes where water bodies, again water bodies, wasteland, where land has not been cultivated, a kind of barren land, urban land use, et cetera. Land degradation, and how far the land has been degraded. Let's look at 2015 just quickly. You could see only some states are there, but we can see Uttar Pradesh. And you can see here as the legend is here. So legend is just the color and what the color represents. You see that water erosion happens a lot. Water logging happens a lot because the Ganges flows through this region. Less glacial and some data is not complete. So you can see here there's data gaps and stuff. But the methodology, if you look at the technical document, which is the same that you can apply for using any other data. So we'll try to do a quick analysis of a NASA data for you so that you can download and do this exercise on your own. As I said, there is land degradation, but our course for this week is land use, land cover. So you could see that there is 50,000, 50,000. So one is to 50,000, that is how you should say. So one unit on the map is equal to 50,000 units on the ground. So one centimeter is equal to 50,000 centimeters, likewise. One feet is equal to 50,000 feet. So there is a very fine resolution is one is to 50,000. And then we have a 250K. So one is to 250K, which is not as fine resolution as the previous one. There is a 10K, which is the highest, but it is urban, not rural areas. So when you do land use land cover, it is entire. So they have done three years. We have 2005, 2006, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016. So three years have been mapped. But still, as I said, 2016 is the latest data available. Today's date is 23 March, and there is a seven year graph. So how can we use a seven year data for a current scenario is not clear. But for sure, you can use the previous and then map the current to see how it works. We will be showcasing that part. How do you take a current data and then do a quick land use land cover? However, this requires a lot of manpower, time and cost. We will do the basic requirement, which is free and quick. It is not as good as these maps that have been populated. And that is why it takes time. So seven years is too long to take. Maybe a year time should have been taken to take the ground points across India because all the institutes can cover. There is a tremendous locations of the ISRO's database centers across India. They can pitch in the data and can work on this. OK, so let's go back to what we want to see. So I have looked into the authorization and you could see that the boundaries are very accurate in these maps because these are, as per the government rules and laws, we should also use these boundaries. So the first we're going to see is the land use land cover, let's say 2005, 2006. As I said, I'm going to check UP, so Uttar Pradesh and click view. So beautifully, the map comes up. You could see that minimize it a little bit so that you can see the entire UP and there are a lot of base layers. OK, you can zoom into one particular location. I've been to Lucknow. As I said, the last week I was there for a particular conference. So I'm just going to do that. You could see here that it doesn't populate the current legend. The legend is stuck, so you'll have to refresh it. So this happens. So don't get concerned. It's just the map did not update. So don't worry about it. Again, click UB, then view, beautiful. Now the legend has been updated. You can see that again because the cropland is what we want to see. And as I said, let's look at Lucknow. Lucknow is still a major hub, but still you can see a lot of again cropland is given as yellow and you could see the different classes. So now come back to the lesson that we have seen. The classification is this is the classification. The pixel has been classified each pixel inside each pixel each grid. What is the dominant land use land cover? If it is 50% urban, 50% rural, it's sticky. But never it comes like that. It will be not a straight 50%. It will be like 50.12% and 49.88% is your rural. So now we have a slight improvement or slight benefit for the urban. So the data goes for urban and the pixel is covered red. But if the agriculture is there, for example, 60% and 40% or even 51% and 49%, 51% rural, 49% urban, then it becomes yellow. So now you could see that a built up urban is red. Built up rural is darker red, which is on this part. So this part is darker red. You can see that that is a rural area but built up. And then I'm just a little bit outside Lucknow, but yeah, here's now all these areas. The red part is the city in 2005-2006. Built up mining is not there, agricultural land, crop land, plantations. All these are plantations and agricultural land. There's fellow land, forest deciduous. There's not much forest here, but there's a lot of pink color. And what does pink color give? It is barren land, wasteland, or scrub land, et cetera. It's type of barren lands. It is a lot of them are there. There are small wetlands here. So some part of the land has a lot of wetlands. And then water bodies, blue color for water bodies. So the basics have been met. And as I said, you can go as the district boundary or you can just say select and then remove. It gets removed. You can just go back up and down and then say, particularly view, now it views, it gets loading. You can see that this is the overall. And in the overall, you'll see forests on the top, Vihmalian regions. The ganges flowing, which is bringing water bodies. And in the lower part, you'll see a lot of barren wasteland, et cetera. Land has not been used well along the ganges, along the river channels. These are prime land for agriculture. You see a lot of agricultural activities. So on a whole, you do see that these lands have more agriculture. And it relates to the statistics I just shared as per census data. UP has the highest number of rural population and villages. So definitely there will be a lot of agricultural activities. And so we also have a lot of wasteland in barren land and then some forests in the bottom, forests on the top and a lot of urbanization these hotspots. So these are hotspots. Let's take some of the berylline can be taken. I've worked in berylline. So let's zoom in and you can see some city. And then most of it is the ganges region along the ganges. There has been a lot of waste shrublands, barren unculturable wasteland, et cetera, et cetera. The colors are not as perfect, but you see a lot of red dots. The red dots, the maroon kind of red is the built up rural areas, a lot of rural areas. And then this is the berylline city, very, very nice posh city, very small, but still not as big as Lucknow, but still is good. OK, so this is how you will access the land use land cover. You can look at the technical document as promised. Let us go and see what is the data source that has been used. You see that a projection of land use land cover, one is to 50,000 scale. Metadata is always important. It is your duty to read through these before using the data because anyone can question you what is the source of the data. You could say ISRO is the source, but still ISRO is what is the question. And this is the list three data, linear imaging, self-scanning sensor three. It has good high resolution compared to the previous ones. You can see that it has mapped all these different water bodies and land use land cover. OK, and they give you what does it mean? So as I said, in here, you say the two legends are here. And what do what constitutes when they say what is built up urban? You can come here and say what is built up urban is. It's a mix of public school, public, semi-public, communication centers, industries, recreational, ash, dump, reclaim land, which is a reclaim land is what the Bandrakurla complex is in Mumbai. It's a beautiful land, but it's already claimed from the ocean. They put in a lot of soil and gravel to claim the land. So that is all called as built up area. And then within the built up, there is rural, just rural area within the rural community region. If it is built up, it is called built up rural and then built up mining. So we don't have any mining, but we have three built ups. And that is what you see here, built up and then three descriptions. Then you have agriculture crop land. It constitutes curry, frubi, zai, two crop seasons or more than two crop plantation includes plantation, which is rubber, tea, et cetera, or even banana. And then you have agriculture, horticultural, et cetera. All these come under the plantation. Fallow is current and long fallow, current, shifting cultivation, all comes under agriculture. So you can see here there is agriculture crop, agriculture plantation, agriculture fallow. There is a comma. So there is a first description and then the second description and it is separated by a comma. And then there's grass, grazing, barren. I would recommend you to go through these. And as I said, it uses the FAO scenarios. And we have used the same description in our class. You would have seen that land cover is defined as observed physical features of the surface. I've added bio because there is a lot of bio also in it, which is forest cover, crop cover, all these things. And they're given detailed description of each bullet point, what it means, what is fallow, what is forest. So let's look at agriculture. For example, we have agriculture. These are the land primaries for farming, production of food, fiber, and other commercial horticulture crops in India. It constitutes of crop land, plantations and fallow, crop land areas appear bright red in the red spectrum. They are widely distributed in different terrains, prominently up here in the irrigated and non-irrigated areas. It includes curry, ravi, zai crops. Zai is mostly the winter crops, along with areas under double or triple crops. So this is the definition of agricultural crop land. So then you have salt-infected, barren land, et cetera. What is the year? When we downloaded, we didn't notice that it was 2005, 2006. So now it says resource and data from list three sensor of three sensors pertaining to 2005, 2006 I use. Three seasons are monsoon, ravi, and zai. Curry is the time. So August to October is your curry, the rainy season. Ravi is your December to March, which is mostly your winter crops and your three summer crops. Zai is your peak summer crops. In some regions, it is called the winter crop. Here, they use it as the summer crop. So as I said, you can use it for watershed management, agricultural productivity, and improvement, which is what the rural development scenario we are looking at. How do you increase agricultural productivity? How do you map regions where agricultural productivity is needed? And then your energy budgets, hydrological budgets, et cetera. There's some disclaimer, and then data, et cetera. Partner institutions, as I said, they work with other regions. So UP looks like UP Space Center was very, very helpful. And then so maybe UP is a good section to look at. And then the project directors, personnel, et cetera. Citations, if you use the data, you could cite this NRC. ISRO is also very good to cite. They have their own citations of what is land-island classification. They use the manners on FAO. So good thing that we are also using the FAO citations in our lecture series. So we are currently on track, and we use these technologies also. So with this, I think the metadata is clear. You can zoom out, zoom in using your mouse. And you can use different locations also. So let's look at 10 years difference. So I'm just going to view UP. And then let's save you. So just for 2015, 2016, you have a map and statistics. You can download both or read both. We use Birelli. So let's put the Birelli again. And Birelli comes up. And you can see the same legend is used. However, the data is different because we had two different years. You can move the screen up and down if you don't want to see this part. But then you can also use it. So the technical document for 2015, 2016 is they have used, let's see what data they have used. They have used ISRO's data cycle. 55 classes of land use land cover has been done. The years that have been used, whatever legends, et cetera. So we can also see that it has used the resource set. A project land use land cover, it is using multi-source resource set, linear self-scanning, this three, et cetera, et cetera. And they also use other ISRO satellite data products. And the same documentation has been given. Here they are given different updated data products. And the previous citations have been used. This is a 2019 citation. So it is approximately three years old. But the data was from 2015, 2016. So let's stop here. We have looked at, OK, let's look one more quickly. And select UP, view, technical document is the same. And then we have map. Map, you can download the map. You click the map quickly. The map comes up with all the land use land cover and data source, resource set. So this is the metadata of the data. They have taken three seasons, 11, 20, 12, so 2011 to 2012, was used to make this map. And they have published it in 2016, 2017. So you can zoom in and zoom out and then use this for your studies. You can georeference this map because you know where Birelli is and click a point in Birelli, the center of Birelli, take the GCPs, the ground control points, and then use it in your studying area. For some reason, statistics also can be looked at. So basically gives you the statistics of the percentage of land cover and land use, et cetera. How much land is in cropland. Total land area and square kilometers has been given in statistics. Comparisons is not done yet, but we can definitely do it in the next lecture series. So let's look at in detail the next ones. As I said, in 2005, 2006, if you go to Uttar Pradesh, you do not see the map and statistics. It is not readily available. You will have to download and put it in the map, but there are other reasons you have them. So with this, I stop here. I'll see you in the next lecture. Thank you.


Hey everyone, this is Dr. Ruscio. Today, I'm here with Phyllis who's had some nice results using the probiotic protocol that we discussed in Healthy Get Health U. She of course is seeing me as a patient in my clinical practice but that was a pretty cathartic step for her that we just took. So I wanted to kind of capture this moment because one of the things I think I haven't done is is really articulated how profoundly impactful the three-category probiotic protocol outline in the book can be. And so Phyllis, can you get people up to speed on a little bit of your history and what you were doing prior and then we can talk about the effects of the probiotics? Sure. So I've been having gut issues, digestive issues for a little over three years now and have, you know, tried a number of different things have been on a low-fod map for a paleo-low-fod map for about two years and had, you know, some success there have also tried in the past kind of random probiotics and actually seem to have more of a negative reaction and so then I just quit using them and figuring that it's just not for my system. So this time around, I've been on this particular protocol I think for now about six weeks and it's has three different probiotics that Dr. Ruchio had me, you know, introduced in a very, you know, specified way and I was nervous about it, but, you know, willing to give it a try and so my body handled those well and what I've noticed are a couple of things. One is just a general sense of having a calm gut or intestine, which feels good and then I definitely, my energy baseline has increased and then I'm having better bowel movements and some, you know, certain regularity and it feels more like how I remember my body used to be and so I wasn't expecting such a positive reaction but, you know, because I've done the other things. This is the one of the more discernible differences in what I've been doing and I'm very excited about it and I, yeah, I like the results. And again, I just think it's really worth underscoring that you did have some negative reactions to probiotics in the past and so we had you start on the three probiotics, the lactobifidobland, the espilarity and the soil these probiotic, one at a time, giving maybe five days for each and again, this worked really well for you and what I think for some people is as you kind of hinted at, they've tried different probiotics before but they've never really presented their gut with a well-rounded protocol that's going to hit all three of the categories and give your gut, again, that really diverse, healthy probiotic stimulus and it's just it's such an important facet of gut health probiotics and so this is something I just really wanted to capture because it sounds so simple, just use these three probiotics when, especially when someone says, well, I've been to the health food store, I've tried this one, I've tried that one, I've tried the other one but again, there's something about integrating the three categories and what we'll see for most people is they work together very well and see a nice resolution of one's symptoms. However, for a smaller subset of people, they may say that one felt good, that one felt good, that one felt bad but because we've separated them out, you can now easily discern, okay, that one didn't feel good I'll leave that to the side and I'll use these two. So, again, just wanted to kind of capture this, Phyllis, because you've been tinkering with your gut health for quite a while and I think you were kind of surprised, like, wow, just simple probiotic protocol led to this, you know, fairly cathartic improvement so it was a choice opportunity for us to kind of capture this because for the people as I read in the transcript of this or watching this, don't discount how powerful a well-constructed broad-spectrum probiotic protocol can be for your gut. Absolutely, so I'm glad to have shared my experience. Awesome. Any closing words you want to leave people with? Mainly that if I'd been left to my own devices, these are not three I would have chosen and they're totally outside my realm of knowledge and so for me it's just been wonderful to trust your recommendations, go forward, and then bam, they work, so I'm happy. Thank you Phyllis, for sharing your story, I really appreciate you being open to discussing this with us. Okay, thanks and you have a good day. Okay, bye-bye.


Welcome to ToffeeTV, it is the Star in the Leaven show for the await trip to Brighton and Hove. Albion on Saturday, three o'clock kickoff. In goal for Everton, Jordan Pickford. Obviously, I mean, it's always going to be Jordan at the moment, didn't it? Made a great day last week to keep Everton at 1-0 to eventually go and win the game 2-0 against West Ham, so he'll continue. At right back, I'm going to go for Sidibe, I think. Yeah, definitely Sidibe, keeping his place in the team. I thought he had a fantastic Premier League day last week. Be slightly tougher this week, because obviously he's playing away from home, but he's obviously already played a couple of caribou cup games away from home, so I can't imagine that the Amax Arena would be any more daunting than going to Sheffield Wednesday or Lincoln, but now he played really, really well, linked up really well with Theo Wocott, so for me, he keeps that place. Left back, Luca Dino thought was back to his best last week with Bernard ahead of him, so hope to see that continue this week. He plays left back. In the centre of defence, Michael Keane will continue in there, thought he did okay last week, got over some of the dreaded performances he's been putting in recently for Everton and for England, and alongside him, I'd like to be saying yeti mene, that's who I want to be saying, but unfortunately it doesn't look like he's going to be fit, so Mason Hallgate will come into the side. He's obviously played a couple of games in the caribou cup as well, and listen, he's our third choice centre back, and we want to be in a position where we're not saying, oh, you know, we're dreading the fact that he's not playing. Yes, yeti mene has been our best defender, I think this season, one of the most consistent players in the team, but if he is missing, then hopefully Mason will come in and, you know, play his part, because you used to say that if he doesn't come in, if he comes in and has a good game and shows something that we've been missing, that he might, you know, the manager has to start making decisions about that and maybe look at the thing, well actually Mason Hallgate got the pace, yeti mene is a good defender and just give him something to think about. Let's hope so anyway, let's hope he has a really good game and, you know, makes it difficult for the manager because that's all we want, we want decisions to be made all over the park. Into midfield, now, I've gone for sort of like a flat three, like last week basically, Tom Davis, I thought he had an excellent game and I think he needs to keep that consistency and I think he needs to play and we'll only know if Tom is a good Premier League player for Everton if he's playing week in and week out. Yes, there's other players available, but I want Tom, I want Tom to play before anyone else in this team, I really do. That doesn't mean he deserves to play or will play, I just want him to play more than anybody else. I want Tom Davis to eventually be Everton's captain. That's what I want. Whether it happens is down to him and down to whether the manager plays him. Now, that comes from training and that comes from doing it on a Saturday or a Sunday or a Monday or a Friday or a Tuesday or a Wednesday. That comes down to the player himself. If the player is good enough, he will find that consistency. If he's not, then that'll be, you know, that'll be his Evan Creane and Nutshell. So for me, Tom Davis, alongside Andre Gower-Messy, who was magnificent last week, I give him a joint man of the match with Jenny Meane. I thought he was brilliant. Come back from that injury and we want him to continue that.  So we want that form to continue. Of course he will and he'll want to keep dominating the midfield like he did against West Ham. So I'd like to see that partnership grow. Hopefully it will. And if it means, you know, Snidland's not playing. I know it means Delce not playing. Well, that's just the way it is. Simple as that. And, you know, slightly ahead of them or in the midfield with them. Oh, well, we for me continues in that midfield. I thought he played really well last week. Lost the ball a few times, but doing areas that didn't hurt us and his play, you know, got us forward, drove us up the pitch and I want to see more of that, especially away from home where we need to play on the counter attack. And that will be important, on Saturday. We've been far too slow in the midfield. I think those three in midfield will give us something a little bit more like we've seen last week. Simple as that. On the right hand side, I'm going for, well, this is an interesting one, isn't it? Who do you go for? But I'm going for Phil Walkoth. I'm going to keep him in the side. I thought he played well last week. And I think he deserves to continue because I thought he was excellent. But hopefully playing, you know, higher up the pitch, it's not going to be easy because we are playing away from home. But again, having that counter attack in pace really, really helps. And on the other side, Bernard will continue on the left hand side with his trickery, cleverness, eye for goal now. So hopefully that continues. And you get the best out of Dean when he's playing. And up front, I'm going to continue with Richard. You know, they could have been some calls for the Charleston maybe to go to the right and Moise Keane to go through the middle. But listen, one swallow doesn't make a summer, does it? So let's hope that this team can continue, get another good positive result, hopefully three points heading into that cup game against Wofford. And we're all happy Saturday night. And I think this is a team that can do it as long as it stands up with the same attitude, the same hunger, the same work rate, the same desire. I think we can beat them. We've got to be very careful, obviously, on the counter with the set pieces from them. And they do play some nice football as well. But as long as we don't, you know, create too many of our own problems and hopefully we get the three points. So let me know what you thought on the comments. Do you agree? Do you disagree? Keep them pretty much the same team as last week, although obviously, we might have one enforced change at the back. Let me know your thoughts in the comments. Don't forget, if you haven't subscribed, please do give this video a like if you like it. And if you haven't joined us on Patreon, please do. The link is in the description. See you later.