in it. Okay. All right. The recording has started. Welcome everyone to the class. I'm seeing some people having some problems connecting to the class. But we're going to pray. Let's pray and we will get started. Others are coming in. I don't know why people are finding it difficult to connect. Okay. Thomas is connected. And hopefully Aaron will connect as well. Okay. Let's pray. We will start. All right. Thomas, would you like to pray so we can start? Is it possible for you to pray? Thomas? I can't hear Thomas. Thomas, we can't hear you. I'm not sure but your mic doesn't seem to be on mute. Some reason we can't hear you. Okay. All right. Dave, why don't you please pray and we will start. Thank you. Sure. Father, we thank you for this wonderful day. Again Lord Jesus, thank you that we've gone through our classes. But we are going to do another classes now Lord God. I pray that you be with us and you anoint each one of us. We pray that your spirit to be with us Lord Jesus to open up our heart and let your word in our heart Lord Jesus so that we can be so that we can apply it in our life Lord Jesus. So then not just by learning Lord Jesus but let every knowledge that we have let us be thankful to you and let us be able to apply it in our life Lord God. We thank you in the mighty name of Jesus we pray. Amen. Amen. Okay. Thank you. Good morning everyone once again and thank you for connecting to this class today. We are continuing our journey here just sharing practical things on urban church planting and things that you and I keep in mind as we either plant a church or start some sort of a ministry in an urban context right so we just want to communicate practical things that we could use when we go about doing this. So let me just share the PDF that we are reviewing. We are in the second section of this course where we are looking at the practical side of urban church planting. So yesterday we talked a little bit about knowing your target audience and you know how they are connecting and so on. You know one of the things that that and this is just a side note and one of the things that as a pastor and as a church ministry we usually have this discussion is you know when we when we do our services our Sunday morning services you know many times we do sermon series you know a series of messages to cover a certain theme or topic it could be a study of a book in the Bible it could be a study on a certain topic and so that whole study is divided into several series. So the big question I think many pastors and we also here at ABC try to try to understand is how long should a sermon series be you know is having a long sermon series good or bad you know if what if you do five sermons in a series what if you do eight sermons in a series that is two months now what if you do 12 which is three months is that too long to be on a particular topic and the fact is certain certain series will take that long for example you're setting first Corinthians you know there are 16 chapters there so it's going to take you at least 16 weeks or so you know to cover that book and so on so there's just a side note so what do we do we try to get a feel of how the congregation you know every congregation is different just depending on you know where the congregation is so you're not going to get a universal answer but at least for your own congregation you know you need to ask them are you okay are you comfortable and so you know right now we are doing a poll through our youtube channel just to get a feel of you know how are people and right now we are transitioning from online services to in-person services at the same time we're doing a sermon series so we're doing a poll just to get a feel of you know what is our the people that we're serving how are they going through all of this you know so I'm just putting that example out saying that you know not only in your starting phase but also down the road you know as you are doing your ministry it's good to get a feel of you know the congregation the people you're serving how are they engaging with the ministry how are they relating to what you are giving to them you know it's good to ask them let them express and of course you can do this through online surveys and things like that okay that was just a side note so what we said was you know as you're preparing to launch get to understand your target audience and there's nothing wrong in saying look these are the people I'm going to serve they're my primary target they're my focus area and you are of course open to everybody but this is my focus area right and then as you go about doing that identify people whom God has already prepared and I shared with you yesterday towards the close towards the end how when we started All People's Church in 2001 here in Bangalore in a very first service a very old friend of mine a school friend of mine walked in and of course you know by the time we were all married and he he was married he had a child we were married I was married and you know we had two kids so it was a time pass but the moment he walked in was like a great connect and he was so much part of the start of the church and for several years until you know then he has a family moved overseas but for him to walk into that very first service was such an encouragement to us you know and so you know I could only say God orchestrated that and it was a very important thing so like that God orchestrates you know these connections people he brings into your life and you need just to be open now especially as you go about getting ready to launch so we talked about identifying your launch location better you're going to start and you choose them you know you look at some practical things about your launch location right so we're going to move forward from there a couple other things as you're preparing to launch and you identify your launch location is also identify other locations around where you are starting your ministry right maybe the church hall or the office the place where you're starting your ministry you need to know hey there are places where we can evangelize we can go and you know reach out with his campuses malls wherever you know depending on your city whatever is permitted where are the places you can meet people to disciple them you know there may be coffee shops and you can say hey I can meet with you there during the week to disciple to minister to you maybe restaurants or maybe believers homes so on or sometimes there are people who come with special needs you know for counseling for finding jobs for de-addiction programs so on so you need to know that there are these options available for them so that you can guide people if they come guide them to those things so be aware of all of these these kinds of things so that when people reach out for help you will be able to meet with them in places that are convenient to them and also guide them to places where they can receive help now just a side note is in this course we are focusing on a church plant you know how you're getting a church started now some people may wish to take a house church model that means they are not interested in you know moving into an auditorium and having a big congregation and you know doing all those kinds of things they may just choose to have small groups of people meeting in different homes so we call that a house church model and you know in some scenarios that may be the best option I remember for instance when there was a lot of persecution happening this was I think it was somewhere in 2000 I might get the years wrong but I think it must have been around 2008-09 especially in Orissa you know the state of Orissa one of our states here there was a lot of persecution happening it was very bad and we had a church plant in one of the smaller towns and churches were being attacked and in fact of a pastor there you know people had actually come and caught them and when they started to happen he spoke to us and we said yeah close down we were renting a hall we had equipment we had all that set up there we said okay yeah go ahead close it down move the equipment over to your house and all of that because people are targeting you know these wherever churches were meeting and so he was doing that in fact in one of those occasions these people actually caught him you know and somehow he just you know he literally he wiggled his way out and he you know he escaped so that they couldn't harm him but it was those kind of very severe persecution and so I think for a whole year or for two years and again I may not remember the curation correctly but there was no you know meeting as a congregation so there were about 60 people and they were only meeting in small small groups very quietly in people's homes and that's how the church went for about two year period and until when everything subsided you know they got back to congregational mode so in some situations a house church model is a good option and so if that's the way you want to go that's fine just so you just have you know churches happening gatherings happening small gatherings happening in different homes so it's not very visible outside people don't see you know large numbers of people going into a place it's just few people meeting in different homes you know that way but what we are really focused on is you know planting a church that will grow into a large congregation and then go forward from there okay so we move to the next part of the practical side which is the launch phase so you know you've done all your survey you've identified where you're going to start you've identified your location you've got your place to start which may be a hall it could be a home whatever it is you know so you're ready to start what are some things to keep in mind once you're launching the Sunday services or the ministry you're going to open up you know there are many different ways you can do a launch you could do a simple quiet launch that means you just get your services started there's no fanfare there's nothing big happening or you could have a very special launch event where you you know invite people from all the neighborhood and you have something special like a music concert or a gospel meeting or a healing service it's very highly visible to the community around you know either way whatever you feel is conducive all depends on the place where you are starting and you may want to launch in a very big way or you may do a very quiet launch either way you know you can determine or you have a series of special meetings where you invite people from the neighborhood to come you attend and you can have a series of seminar messages on a certain topic invite people to come so they're different ways to launch but some simple things to keep in mind when you are launching is you know keep things simple so that new people will find it easy to follow so don't get don't make your service or the ministry very complicated you know when people come they should just understand okay there's a time for singing there's a welcome address and then there's a message and then people pray and are dismissed to keep it very simple set your expectations you know so usually the first service or the first few services is what this you know set is what people understand and then that's their expectation thereafter right so you let people know hey this is what our service is going to be like and so on even if you're doing a special meeting like a big concert you can you know slowly tell people hey this is a very special event but our regular services will be like this we will have 30 minutes of worship or 40 minutes of worship we will have a time for the word and prayer and so on you know you let people know what to expect when they come to your services share your vision why are you starting the church why are you starting the ministry whatever you're doing right so when people come in the beginning you have launched that's a good time to envision people so the people understand why you're doing what you're doing and if they feel in their heart they want to connect they will do it right and communicate the vision that God has put in your heart I remember when we started all people's church and you know at the very beginning we were in in the living room it wasn't a very big space we just had about 12 people but in the very first service and for many of the you know the services in the earliest phase we kept repeating you know our vision is to be salt and light in the city of Bangalore a voice to the nation and to the nations so from the very beginning that was the vision and it hasn't changed so people who are thinking you know okay we are going to influence our city we're going to influence our nation and we're going also going to influence nations and at that time we were just 12 people sitting in a living room but the vision was there that one day we would become a people who would impact nations right so we started sharing that vision from day one from our very opening service this is our vision to be salt and light in the city of Bangalore a voice to the nation of India and to the nations so that was the vision as people okay you know now there are testimonies people have you know shared with us that when they saw this I mean and those days we also used to have a map that used to be projected on the screen so they'll see the map of India they will see the nations you know on the screen and people have shared you know that that vision was something very captivating it caught their attention they said I want to be a part of it you know and that encouraged them or that was a major decider for them to be part of the church so sharing a clear vision sharing why you are there what you want to do is going to really you know help people decide whether they want to be part of what you're doing and one very important thing from the from the beginning when you start the church or the ministry keep everything focused on Jesus you know let people know it's not about you it's not about your gifting or your personality or anything it's not about a person a human it's about Jesus so you know focus everything on Jesus and keep maintaining that throughout okay from the very beginning from your very first church service or from the time you start the ministry do it like that some other thoughts to keep in mind when you are doing your first service and sometimes people forget is you know plan for follow-up right so you have invited people and you know you don't know who is going to come so there'll be new people who come uh they will you know they may just come out of curiosity they may come because hey something new is happening in the neighborhood or whatever for various reasons people are coming now your goal is not to just get them to come for the first for the launch service your goal is to see if you know you could have an ongoing relationship with them and they can keep coming back and become part of the church a part of the ministry now for that to happen you need to know their name you need to get their contact details so that you could follow up with them right so you need to have a very simple non-threatening way to establish connect with the people who come and to be able to follow up with them right now you don't want to become a nuisance to them you don't want to trouble them but in a very simple way that you get their contact details so you can follow up so uh to even just their phone number you know so as part of the very first service keep it in mind you know people are going to come but how can I follow up with them right so what we used to do is we should have like a welcome packet so in that packet there would be uh maybe a New Testament uh uh you know a book something that we can give to them that they will want to take back with them and of course there's a little information about the church and we also give them a little contact piece of a car where they can put in their name and at least a mobile number and they want to they can enter their email it so a very gentle baby say hey you know welcome here's our welcome packet is our gift to you uh so put something in that they will want to take back with them uh but here's a little contact card if you know we'd like to be in touch with you so if you don't mind can you give us your name and number or name and email ID whatever you prefer so that is very important you know so now it is true that not everybody will fill it up and you can't force people to fill it up you're only making a request and you're explaining why you're saying it's we are going it'll help us be in touch with you right so uh you give it out to them and you know usually you know people will fill it up and give it back some may not and that's okay right some people just come to see things for the first time and if they're interested they may come back on their own and the second time they may fill up the card uh but uh you're giving it to them and uh then then you have a way to receive it back you can say you know some you know uh we will come and collect it from you or you can drop it in that box on your way out you know some some way for by which you can uh you know collect that back but this is very important and you train people and if you have your core team and a few volunteers by this time you train them and say hey you know this is how you go and you collect the contact information establish a rapport make friends and uh you know that's how in a very in a very loving way in a very gentle way you collect their information and of course then you can put it into a you know you store their contact information in a in some sort of a contact list um i will show you we will show you in another course when we talk about media and technology i mean talk about software systems we'll show you you know there are church management systems that you could use where you can store church you know this kind of data or you can just use a simple excel sheet where you put their name number email or address whatever and store it right but don't lose that information because that's important that's you know when you need to follow up with them so once you get the contact information make sure you call them within one or two days and uh it's just a welcome call you know you just hey thank you for coming we are so happy uh that you did you enjoy the service do you have any thoughts you have any feedback other things we can pray for you about and uh you know we'd love to have you back with us next sunday or you know if there's something happening happening in the middle of the week you can call invite them for that or you can invite them through the next sunday service and so on you know or if you're doing a house group meeting you can invite them to that house group meeting but the important thing is this yeah you know you are investing so much into the launch into that opening service don't lose out on the people who come right welcome them now of course there may be people who come from other churches and one of the things we have been doing from the very beginning is we always announce we tell people if you're if you belong to another church where god's word is being preached remain faithful there but if you're looking for a home church then come back worship with us and see if this is where god wants you to be planted so it's kind of a standard announcement we make where we're telling people look if you already are part of a church we don't want you to leave that church and come here you'll be faithful there but if they are searching for home church maybe they're new to the city or maybe they haven't really settled down in a particular church they're still searching looking then you give them the option to see if you know this this new church that you are starting this new service that you've introduced is something that they would want to consider right so that should also come through very clearly okay so keep this in mind the follow-up part to the launch is very important and thereafter you continue to do this every service so even today right 20 years later we still do the same thing right when we have a service we welcome anybody who's there for the first time and we do this you know we give them a welcome packet we request them to if they want to fill up a card so we could follow up with them now during the pandemic the last two years things have last almost a little over a year and a half now things have changed because we're not having in-person services so what we did we just moved this first time this is a card to online so we just tell people if you're with us for the first time you can go online and fill up the card and we still have on a weekly basis you know maybe two or three sometimes more sometimes less uh yeah people will fill up this thing then they let us know hey uh this is my first time I'm looking for a church and so immediately on when we get that information on Sunday by Monday somebody will call them connect with them answer questions so we still do the same thing even though we are in an online mode because that follow-up is important and you're there to serve people they are looking they have questions they may need assistance so you're just providing in a loving way in a gentle way okay so let me pause here is any everything okay any questions so we just talked about the launch we went through pre-launch this is the launch this is how you launch your service here are some practical things you can do or when you start your ministry here some practical things you can do any questions so far or any thoughts any comments I think okay okay any questions Thomas you have a question or I see your comments in the chat so let's move forward now we're going into another chapter or in this whole discussion and we're going to talk about strategies for urban evangelism or urban missions so you are planting a church you've done all the preliminary work and then you've come to this launch that means you officially made yourself known to your community the area where you're doing the ministry as a church or you could you know it may be a ministry may not necessarily a church it may be you know you're shouting a youth ministry a music ministry a coffee shop whatever ministry you know so you have officially launched you've opened you've started the work now the next thing of course is to reach out to the people in the city or in the community so we call that evangelism or missions you're reaching out to people in that urban setting you know so how do you what can you go up how do you go about doing that what are some of the opportunities you should look for and so I just you know we just want to share with you things that we have done here in Bangalore and things that have worked for us and of course you know we have to keep improving or keep adapting as time goes by because the city itself is changing how things are happening around us is changing so we constantly keep adapting the methods the the ways you can reach out to people right so just sharing some thoughts here that you could use in your part of the you know whichever city you are involved in now the first important thing is to keep methods that are wholesome right that means they should be spirit led they should be legal they should be ethical don't you know in in in talking about reaching people in the city don't get into something that's you know dishonorable definitely not nothing that's illegal definitely nothing that's unethical right for example you know and this is something people accuse the christian church of I think many many times incorrectly or they're giving out money so that giving out cash now so that people can come to their church or so that people can come and become christians you know to my knowledge I've never known any church or christian ministry doing that but these kind of accusations come you know definitely we don't engage in such things right so that is unethical it's illegal you know we're not trying to convert people by money or coercing them into these kinds of things right so we don't engage in such kind of methods we don't engage in you know making false promises and trying to seduce people to join the church and things like that so our methods must be led by the holy spirit they are legal and they're ethical right they are clean so that's very important and also we must be relevant culturally sensitive be culturally relevant so depending on the kind of people the community you're working with you know be sensitive to the local culture the culture of the community be sensitive to you know how things are done there so be relevant be sensitive right don't offend people or don't offend you know their culture while we going about presenting the gospel to them and our goal is not to hurt people our goal is to present the message of Jesus and see if they're interested in knowing more and wanting to be saved and receiving the gospel so we just must be careful in how we do this right so you know this passage in 1 Corinthians chapter 9 verse 16 to 23 is a wonderful guideline too for us in doing ministry especially in the context we're talking about in urban missions let's take a moment just read that 1 Corinthians chapter 9 could somebody please read this passage for us verses 16 through 23 1 Corinthians chapter 9 verses 16 to 23 somebody could read it for us please 1 Corinthians chapter 9 16 to 23 for if I preach the gospel I have nothing to post or for necessary is lead upon me yes wow is me if I do not praise the gospel for for if I do this will willingly I have a reward but if against my will I have been influenced with our stewardship what is my reward then that when I praise the gospel I may present the gospel gospel of Christ with our charge that may not abuse my authority in the gospel for for through I am free from all men I have made myself a servant to all that I might win the more and to the Jews I be became as a Jewish that I might win Jewish to those who are under the law as under the law that I might win those who are under the law to those who are without law as without law not being without law towards God but under law towards Christ that I might be those who are without law to the week I became as weak I that I might win the week I have become all things to all men that I might buy all means save some now this I do for the gospel sake I I may be partaker of it with you okay thank you thank you so Paul is talking about his motivation in proclaiming the gospel and sharing the gospel and in fact he's so motivated he says was me verse 16 was me if I do not preach the gospel and as I'm compelled to preach the gospel and it's a stewardship it's a it's a binding it's a responsibility that you know it's a trust that God has placed in me that's verse 17 and so he says you know how does he go about of course he says and I do not abuse my authority in the gospel I don't misuse the gospel and what God has entrusted me with but what do I do verse 19 he says I make myself a servant to all so I go in to serve the people I make myself verse 19 I've made myself a servant to all so here's a simple key right when when we are thinking about strategies methods our goal is how can we serve people and like we said earlier the reason we want to understand our target audience is because we want to know their needs so that we can serve them serve those things address those needs so how can we serve people verse 19 so that by serving them he says I can bend them I made myself a servant to all that I might win the in the more in more people so you serve you address a need and in that process you're able to bring them to the Lord Jesus Christ now he says you know in this process of serving people verse 20 he says I am becoming like the people I'm serving in the sense to the Jews I become like the Jew those were under the law I become as one under the law those are without the law and become as one without the law but yet I remain under law to Christ to the week I become weak I've become all things verse 22 I become all things to all men that I might by all means save some so the point here is that I step into people's worlds right I relate to them in a way that they can understand in a way that they can you know connect and I relate to them and the reason I'm doing this is so that I can ever be able to you know share the gospel and lead them to faith in Christ so polishing for the gospel I serve people I become relevant I relate to them I step into their world so that I can you know then reach them with the gospel of Jesus Christ so that's what we need to think about as we are thinking of strategies and methods ways in which we are going to serve people right we are going to step into their worlds what are things that they are facing what are things that they are going through how can we help them right so for example you say okay I want to reach college going students okay that's good that's your target audience but we need to step into their world what are they going through what are their areas of struggles what are their challenges what are their needs no we need to understand that and then when we step into their world we need to be able to address those names need to be able to help them and serve them in those needs and you know in the process we're able to engage bring the gospel to them and hopefully they will find their faith in Christ Jesus okay another important thing is this that when we do the ministry when we think about the strategies we're going to use when we think about methods and means to reach people very important we don't want to intentionally offend people okay let's read that first Corinthians chapter 10 verses 31 to 33 can somebody read that for us please I think it's good to read these scriptures so that we understand what the Bible is saying so let's go ahead first Corinthians 10 31 to 33 somebody can read that therefore whether you eat or drink or whatever you do do all to the glory of God give no offense either to the Jews or to the Greeks or to the church of God just as I also please please all men in all things not seeking my own prophets but the prophet of many that they may be safe so Paul is saying whatever you do do it to glorify God and don't offend people verse 32 give no offense now of course some people will be offended just by the fact that we are bringing the message of Jesus Christ to them I mean that you can't help but don't offend people as far as possible they're not here to you know hurt them hurt their sentiments or any of those things so give no offense verse 32 either the Jews or the Greeks or to the church of God you're not offending Jews Greeks or God's people not not here to offend anybody verse 33 just as I please all men and all things very interesting because on the one hand you'll find that Paul says I'm not a man pleaser relations one and worse 10 I'm not a man pleaser so true we are not here to please people and yet at the same time verse 33 1st Corinthians 10 says verse 33 says I also please all men in all things that means he's not so when he's talking about pleasing people he's not like doing things just to you know find favor with them but it is look I'm here to serve them I'm here to bless their lives in all things and I'm doing this not for my profit but for their benefit so that they may be saved right so that's again a guiding instruction for us that we you know in the strategies we use and the methods we use don't go and offend people instead bless their lives you know you do good to them so that through that they may come to know Jesus and they may be saved okay and one last thing is in deciding on the strategies and ministries you're going to use it's very important that people will find no opportunity to blame the church or blame the ministry let's read this in 2nd Corinthians chapter 6 verses 3 and 4 please we do not want anyone to find Paul with our work so we try not to put obstacles in anyone's way instead in everything we do we show that we are God's servant by patiently enduring troubles hardship and difficulties thank you notice he says you know we don't want to offend anybody so that the ministry should not be blamed and everything we do we commend ourselves as ministers of God we know in other words the way we present ourselves we should be ministers of God now just quickly share one one example over here in Bangalore what happened was in in in an effort to and this happened many years ago in an effort to have an outreach event for college students this was in the middle of our city Bangalore city in an effort to have an outreach for college students there was a fair and so this was an outreach by a church to reach out to college students so they organized like one day actually a half a day Saturday afternoon a fair yeah so there was music and all of that and in order to attract students to come what was done was have this you know what we call it like a lucky draw you know so that means you keep your name you're you know you fill up a form and they put it in and then they they you know they do a lucky draw so the first three people get prizes and they had very exciting prizes like a high-end racing bicycle was the first prize again as something like that you know but the whole thing was to attract students to come to that fair that event and it was all done in such a way that you know students will be attracted to come and then when they all landed up there just before the the draw of that the lucky draw you know you preach the gospel to them now I guess the church was very enthusiastic very zealous and trying to do something very different but you're not really backfired in the sense that people felt in some way violated why they said okay this was presented as a fair this was presented as you know some music was happening and some games were happening and there was this lucky draw and there was exciting prizes so you know of course all the young people were attracted to it and then when they all came there the gospel was preached to them and of course they had to wait because only after that they could they would do the lucky draw and the prizes would be given out but people felt tricked they felt tricked into something and it really left a bad taste of course you know the prize was given somebody one you know a cycle and somebody won one whatever the first three prizes was I don't remember all that but in that whole you know that whole quote unquote outreach event people felt tricked that they were you know attracted to it in the name of it being a fair with music and games and prizes and all that but in the end the gospel was preached to them and that was not made known to them right so I'm just giving this example because it's actually happened and to point out that we don't need to do such things where we are you know in some way tricking people to come to an event you know it should be you know if you're going to have gospel music you're going to have the preaching of the gospel stated very clearly stated very openly hey this is an event where there's going to be gospel music there's going to be preaching of the gospel come if you're interested you know so that way the ministry will not be blamed the church cannot people can't point fingers and say hey look what are they doing they're you know in somebody you know tricking people into something you know everything is clear everything is open people know beforehand what to expect when they come to that event there is going to be gospel music there's going to be the preaching of the gospel there'd be an altar call whatever everything is clear and then they can make a decision do I want to go or not to go right so I'm just giving one example where this whole event outreach event was I mean there was a lot of money spent and a lot of things done but the end result was people felt hey this was a big trick to preach to us you know to get a crowd and preach to us so we should be careful not to end up doing such things so the ministry must not be blamed in the strategies we choose in the methods we choose in reaching out to people in the cities in the urban crowd okay so let's pause here we will pick this up again next week you know we'll get into how do you develop strategies what are some of the strategies we have used here in Bangalore and you know of course with time these will evolve these will change and so on but I just share with you from our own learning and experience so that you know you could use whatever is relevant it might spark some other ideas for you so we will pick this up next week before we close just want to ask any any thoughts any questions yeah everyone's with me so far okay all right so we're going to close we're going to ramp up for today and this week and then we will pick this up again next week and take it forward could somebody please close and pray and we will dismiss who would like to pray Thomas your phone's okay now or can we we can't hear you Thomas all right maybe I'll ask okay once not okay all right let me just ask Aaron to pray and dismiss us show pasta let me pray Lord thank you for giving us this opportunity to learn once again Lord Father and thank you so much for giving us this spirit of understanding each day Lord for and then Lord we just want to say thank you again for being with us throughout this month Lord I urge and I pray for on behalf of everyone to to fulfill my heavenly calling for your kingdom and Lord let us not compromise the calling gifts in Thailand that you have placed in our life so Lord help us all to fix our eyes on you alone and Lord we just want to say thank you for hearing our prayer and I submit this raise of the day into your loving him amen amen thank you everyone thank you we'll see you again so bye now bye bye everyone thank you thank you God bless


It gives me the greatest of pleasure to introduce President Ronald Reagan. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much. Please receive it. Thank you, Ken Duberstein, and thank you all very much. You know, if there's anything I'll miss about this job, it's the warm-up band, aren't they great? Members of the Cabinet and friends, each year we and the administration have gathered here to review our progress and look forward to the work ahead. Today, in keeping with that tradition, I want to talk to you about all that we've achieved on the domestic front during our time in office and about some of the unfinished business before the nation. I can't help finding it hard to believe that this chapter in the American saga is about to end. Yes, there are many things that I'll miss when I'm back at the ranch. The courtly courtesy of Sam Donaldson. Your wish is our command helpfulness of Congress. As soon as I get home to California, I plan to lean back, kick up my feet, and take a long nap. I'll come to think of it. Things won't be all that different after all. But you know I'll rest a whole lot easier knowing that I've left the White House in good hands. There hasn't been a transition like this since inauguration day in 1837 when Andrew Jackson turned the keys to the store over to Martin Van Buren. And no, I don't remember that day. When you get to be my age, you don't remember anything that recent. Our critics on the other side and in the media say that the new president doesn't have a mandate. But I just can't help wondering if their candidate had been the one to win by the second largest margin of any president running for a first term in more than three decades. Would they have said that he didn't have a mandate? Have we ever had a clearer mandate? Strong judges, a strong defense, and even people who can't read lips should have got this one by now. No new taxes. Well, yesterday, as in the past eight years, it's true we are the change. And this year, the American people shouted out loud and clear that they want the change to continue. And I know that under President George Bush it will. What a change it's been for what we've seen and been privileged to participate in these last eight years has been more than the victory of a program or the triumph of a position on this issue or that. A force broader and deeper has moved in our land. A force with the power and fury, the strength and grace of a truth whose time has come. A force that is rooted in the depths of this great and noble experiment we call America. The force of freedom. Yes, we all know that what has been at stake during our time in Washington is the course of an ancient and enduring struggle, a struggle in which we Americans have a special place. At its edges, this struggle is not so much between good and evil, between absolute freedom and immediate slavery, but between hope and despair, between those who shoulder the promise and the burden of freedom and those who would, in the name of a false determinism, take us a mile or two more down that Frederick Hayek called the road to serfdom. History records a few significant turning points in this epic struggle and surely in years to come it will tell that one of those turning points came when, after a generation of gestation, a revolution of ideas became a revolution of governance on January 20th, 1981. Now I know that you've often heard me recall the condition of the country and particularly of the economy before we took office, soaring interest in inflation rates, lagging productivity and investment, falling real family income, growing poverty, and stalled economic growth. But the most remarkable thing about that time, as bad as things were becoming, was not the hardship but the attitude of our leaders. Too many of our leaders told us that America's troubles were the fault of we, the American people, as if somehow we'd let our leaders down and not the other way around. They told us that we'd caught a disease called malaise and then they turned around and told us that even if we reformed there wasn't much that we could do because great historic forces were at work. The problems were all too complicated for solution. Fate and history were against us and America was slipping into an inevitable decline. Well, Whitaker Chambers once wrote that in his words, human societies like human beings live by faith and die when faith dies. Well, there's a special faith that has from our earliest days guided this sweet and blessed land. It was proclaimed in the Declaration of Independence and enshrined in the Constitution. It found a home in even our most remote frontier settlements and from every corner of the globe it has drawn tens of millions of tempest-tossed dreamers to our shores. Yes, it was what our founders meant when they inscribed on our great seal the words that in translation says, a new order for the ages. It is a faith in the wisdom and redeeming power of a free people. And in saying that America has entered an inevitable decline, our leaders of just a decade ago were confessing that in them this faith had died. Well, that's when the American people rounded up a posse swore in this old sheriff and sent us riding into town where the previous administration had said the nation's problems were too complicated to manage. Well, we said of course they are so government should stop trying to manage them. Stop putting its faith in the false God of bureaucracy and trust the genius of the American people instead. Yes, we said it's time to return to the principles of our founders, the principles of the Constitution and the principles of limited government, free enterprise and respect for family, community and faith. And as a first step, we said that the way to restore vitality to the economy was to cut marginal tax rates and cut needless regulations. We did both. We cut the top's tax rate in the 1981 tax act and then we cut it again in the 1986 tax reform. Our cuts in needless regulations have been at least as significant and as with tax cuts, other countries including Japan are rushing to catch up. Of just one of these reforms, the streamlining of the Food and Drug Administration review of new drugs to treat AIDS, cancer and other devastating diseases. The Wall Street Journal wrote almost two years ago, and I'm quoting now, among the initiatives of the Reagan Administration it will rank with tax cuts and the Strategic Defense Initiative. Well, you know the results of what we call in the 1980 campaign our economic recovery program, the longest peacetime economic expansion on record, almost 19 million new jobs created, real family income up over 10%, poverty rate down, interest rates and inflation way down. In fact, Milton Friedman has suggested that when improvements in product quality are taken into account, underlying inflation may have disappeared altogether. Meanwhile, we're in the middle of the greatest boom in entrepreneurship in our history and the greatest explosion of research and new technology in all of the entire industrial revolution. This entire industrial revolution boosted productivity, or that original one did, by a factor of a hundred. But according to Carver Mead, the godfather of the semiconductor, the micro-electronic revolution has already enhanced productivity in information-based technology by a factor of more than a million, and the end isn't in sight yet. Today, America's reinvigorated industries are exporting more than ever before, but that would never have happened if, with the American people behind us, we hadn't kept domestic protectionist forces at bay while we opened markets abroad. Another major achievement. And with the coming implementation of the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement, the century's third try at a free trade agreement between our countries and a new GAT round, we're taking giant steps toward a new era of free and fair trade throughout the world and a new era of growth here at home. World leaders have in my presence shaken their heads in wonderment and spoken with awe of the American miracle. And you know that we're doing something to the way people think when a socialist prime minister of Italy says in public, as happened a while back, that our policies are so successful as to, in his words, make not only Italy, but the whole of Europe, think. And then echoing him, the chief economic spokesman of all things, the Italian Communist Party, added, and again I'm quoting, the old ideas of socialism are in crisis. It is the problem of statism, a program that doesn't take into account individual needs and values. I could have told him that years ago. Here at home again we worked with a bipartisan coalition in Congress to save a faltering social security system from bankruptcy to enact a pay-as-you-go plan that helps free the elderly from financial consequences of catastrophic illness and to reform our welfare system. Our welfare system now includes strengthened requirements that fathers help support their children and for the first time work requirements for those able to work. At the same time, we prompted even bolder state experiments with welfare reform as well as state experiments with a bright ray of hope for America's poor enterprise zones. And we've begun to test selling public housing units to the tenants who live in them. Not everything we did can or should be measured in dollars and cents. Justice is the end of government, wrote Tocqueville. He said we would appoint judges who understood crime, criminals, and the Constitution, and we have. As our judicial appointees have begun to fill the bench, federal sentences have grown a third longer than in 1980. And now on the Supreme Court and our appeals courts, we have more and more justices and judges who appreciate the hardships of police work, who can see the distinction between the criminal and the victim of crime, and who know the difference between making the law and interpreting it. And talking about crime, I think it's a crime that one of the best men ever nominated was kept off the United States Supreme Court, but even so, who knows? Maybe in the next few years, the courts will even figure out what the American people know that the right to abortion is not in the Constitution and the right to pray, including for school children to play, is. In 1982, I announced to the nation that we were going to go after the mob like no other administration in history. Within a few years, organized crime convictions had quadrupled. Today we have the mob on the ropes. We're going to keep them there. Yes, we launched a war on organized crime and on drugs. Federal drug convictions have nearly tripled. Cocaine seizures are up 1,800 percent, and it seems as if almost every week of late brings news of another international roundup of gangsters. We've put the federal government on the side of children and families, going after child pornographers while working with Congress virtually to end the federal funding of abortions. We've also issued regulations to ensure that no friendly supported title to 10 family planning program provides abortion counseling or referral. And meanwhile, a certain lady I know has been teaching America's young people to just say no to drugs, and more of them are than ever before. I can't tell you how proud I am of Nancy, but in education we've helped spark a nationwide grassroots movement to return quality to our schools. State after state and school system after school system have introduced reforms from merit pay for teachers to getting back to basics, the four Rs. Reading, writing, arithmetic, and respect for the teacher. And return and appreciation of fundamental values to America's classrooms. Or as Teddy Roosevelt said, but too many seem for too long to forget. To educate a man in mind but not morals is to create a menace to society. And while our feet have been planted on the ground, our eyes have been turned toward the stars. We have overcome tragedy and pushed forward on such visionary projects as the space station and the space plane, even as we've cleared the way for development of a private launch industry and for the commercial development of space. I believe that the opening of space to the questing dynamism of our free enterprise system may turn out to be among the most significant developments in space exploration since the first landing on the moon. Combine that with the renaissance in private research that our economic policies have spawned and our commitment to fields of research ranging from AIDS-related studies of the immunological system to the superconducting supercollider and who can doubt that American technology will continue to set the pace for the world in the generation ahead. Yes, from the economy to science and in every other field, we've followed the lead of the American people these last eight years and chosen hope. Like the American people, we've chosen always to stand on the side of family and opportunity and freedom. We have looked back to the kind of America our fathers intended and their wisdom has given us the strength, the balance, and the vision to look forward. But as we look ahead, there's, of course, one area in particular where work is still left to do, the budget. In 52 of the last 56 years, the House of Representatives has been in the hands of the other party and both houses of Congress for 46 of those 56 years. And in all but eight of those years, the government has run a deficit. And under the Constitution, only Congress can spend money. The President can't appropriate a penny. Even so, with Congress dragged along, kicking and screaming, we've made remarkable progress. We have slowed the rate of growth in federal spending to a third of what it was the year before we took office. And we have transformed the debate on the budget. You don't hear people argue anymore that deficits are good or that they don't matter. Still, it's no secret that one of my great disappointments as I leave office is that the federal budget itself is not yet balanced. I've given our experience with the budget a great deal of thought. And I would like to speak for a moment about one of the principal lessons I have learned, a lesson I believe that has lasting importance. It sometimes seems to many Americans that what might be called a triangle of institutions, parts of Congress, the media, and special interest groups, is transforming and placing out of focus our constitutional balance, particularly in the areas of spending and foreign policy. Some have used the term iron triangle to describe something like what I'm talking about. And with apologies to them, I'll borrow that term. A measure of this iron triangle's power derives from its permanence. Administrations come and go, but the members of the iron triangle endure. Even the body that the framers of our Constitution intended to be the most vulnerable to shifts in public attitudes, the House of Representatives has, with a combination of gerrymandering, changes in campaign finance rules, and the powers of incumbency, become a virtually permanent chamber, no longer truly responsive to the people. With a 98% rate of re-election, there is less turnover in the House than in the Supreme Soviet. And a seat in Congress... A seat in... And a seat in Congress to secure jobs in America. But the iron triangle's power also comes from its ability to focus debate and overwhelming resources like campaign money and letter-writing campaigns on issues that don't command broad and intense national attention. Yes, as I said a moment ago, thanks to us, most liberals are now afraid to discuss new spending, but go one step into greater detail. The merits of this are that restraint on spending, and the iron triangle has virtually shut off public debate. Special interest groups focus all their resources and members on this line or that in the budget. And members of Congress, particularly liberal members, with their dependence on special interest campaign financing and their fear of bucking any group that is strongly committed to a spending program, take up the banner and join the charge. It helps the special interest that the government spends a great deal of money without Congress ever casting a vote. Now, I'm not talking here about Social Security, but of the many formula spending programs. When we came to town, bracket creep, let Congress raise taxes without voting a tax increase. With indexing and by beating down inflation, we stopped that. The same thing has not happened with formula spending. The result is that it's easier for most members of Congress to lay low and do nothing than to take the political heat of voting for a change. You'd think the media might act as a check on all this, but too often it doesn't. Now, let me say no one who sits in my seat can have anything but the greatest respect for the media and the role they play in our system, but it is also clear that too many members of the media approach issues like federal spending from a superficial perspective. Our positions are reported in caricature. Special interest charges are reported uncritically, and the public's understanding suffers. Shouldn't we expect better of those who act in the name of the public's right to know? What we are talking about here is the very thing our Constitution was designed to protect us against. A rise in the power of what Madison called factions, and I believe the budget crisis would not be nearly so serious today, had not the Constitution itself been in essence rewritten nearly 15 years ago, upsetting the calculus of consent within our system, and opening the way for the situation we now have. I'm speaking of the Budget Act of 1974. In a recent article in Commentary Magazine, commentator L. Gordon Krovitz wrote that the act, in his words, was crafted by Congress to rob the president of the ability to limit spending while making it possible for a fragmented collection of congressmen to spend and at the same time to evade responsibility for doing so. While it was originally drafted, the 1974 Act would have replaced the president's disciplining role in the budget process with institutional disciplines within Congress. But some complained that the proposed plan would, quoting a study paper of the time, lock the Congressional budget process into a conservative mold for generations to come. Well, Congress fixed that and changed the plan. And while, as I said, we've run deficits for most of the past five and a half decades, the really big deficits started coming immediately after the Act was passed and they've kept right on rolling ever since. Can you imagine a situation where any head of a company or head of a household is forced to spend every dime? But that's the situation the president is in now. If Congress appropriates it, the president has to spend it whether he needs all the money to do the job or not. And why do we have deficits? It's not because of a lack of revenues. Federal revenues have grown by $375 billion since 1981. But spending has grown by $450 billion. And for the record, less than $140 billion of the spending increase went to defense. Next year, we expect revenues to increase by another $80 billion without new taxes. So the challenge before us is setting spending priorities, deciding where to spend some of the additional revenue, but not spending at all so we can reduce the deficit. Now, that shouldn't be so hard, but history suggests that Congress will want to spend it all and then some. When I came to office, I found in the presidency a weakened institution. I found a Congress that was trying to transform our government into a quasi-parliamentary system. And I found a Washington colony that through the Iron Triangle was attempting to rule the nation according to its interests and desires more than the nations. I've used the president's ability to frame the broadest outlines of debate to compensate for some of the weakening of the office. This year we also put an end, I hope for good, to the use of monster-continuing resolutions to make the Congressional budget veto-proof. But we have not restored the constitutional balance, at least not fully, and I believe it must be restored. In the long run, the situation we have now isn't good for anyone, even the members of the Iron Triangle. Fundamentally, the American people know what's up and they don't like it. They may re-elect their congressmen, but they trust Congress itself less and less. They may watch or read the media, but they stop believing it, and they show more and more dislike for special interest influence. The only question is, when will they say once and for all that they've had enough? The strength of our nation has never been with the Washington colony, but with the American people. The budget deficit is the colony's last stand in the last eight years we've taken giant steps toward shutting down their game of tax and spend. We've succeeded as much as we have because even if the American people can't follow every issue that has its day in this city, in the end, they know how the chips are falling. I believe that soon they'll be saying with greater and greater force that it's time to restore our constitutional balance, and I believe that they'll join us in saying that the place to start is with enhanced rescission authority and a line item veto for the president with the balanced budget amendment to the Constitution. Do that, and the federal budget deficit will be ancient history in no time. As we face the battle ahead, we'll find strength in remembering that we have already fought great battles and great victories and one great victories. And we should never forget how much those victories mean not only to America, but to people throughout the world. Writer George Gilder has said that we have launched a global revival of capitalism. And yes, the days are gone when, for example, a British intellectual like historian A.G. P. Taylor could say that nobody in Europe believes in the American way of life, that is, in private enterprise. Well, now even in the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China, our example of private enterprise has an almost irresistible appeal. But our achievement is more than simply economic. In his memoirs of imprisonment in the Soviet Union, Nathan Sharansky tells of how he was taken during a break in his trial to a special holding cell. Think of the hopelessness of one who, despite his courage and conviction, nevertheless knows that years in the Gulag are ahead of him, and his once normal life is behind. And then in that moment, his eyes lit on a scratching of graffiti left by another prisoner of conscience, also a refusenic. It said simply, be strong and courageous, and it was signed. And with that message from another man that his spirit was free, though his body was not, he found the strength to go on. We're free in body, as well as spirit. But our success these last eight years is also a message of hope to those who yearn for freedom all over the world. We've put the lie to the myth of determinism and despair and reaffirmed that no force in this world can match that of the robust spirit of free men and women. Political philosopher Michael Novak has written that the major division in American politics is not economic, but moral. And so it is. Freedom and hope versus determinism and despair. And thanks to men and women like you, the cause of hope and freedom is on the march. And now as I prepare to lay down the mantle of office, I will come and the transformations we've wrought and I know who will take my place. I cannot help believe that what Kipling said of another time and place is true today for America. We are at the opening verse of the opening page of the chapter of endless possibilities. Thank you and God bless you. Mr. President, as you just said, you are the change.  Thank you very, very much. Thank you all for coming.


A major draw to any carnival or fair is the food. Our Josh Peterson tonight shows us what's new and popular this year's water carnival in Bemidji. If the thrills and spills of the Midway are not for you, then you're probably one of those who go out to carnivals just for the food. This year's water carnival showcases a handful of new vendors split between two locations. This year's new food is an all-time favorite with the return of euros to Paul Bution Park. I'm a very good cook, so I develop my own recipes. Nick will travel with his Euro stand at 22 different events in one summer. He says working events like the water carnival is a labor of love. I like meeting people and talking and you know. Across the lake the food court at the south shore is booming with tasty carnival treats. Just ask any vendors and they will always say the same when it comes to stand out carnival favorites. You got to get a funnel cake, corn dog, lemonade, cotton candy. When you are traveling carnival you're always on the lookout for the next big thing, especially when it comes to food. Just try kind of all kinds of different stuff and different people at the bigger fairs try different things and things that go over we try them ourselves.  In Bemidji, Josh Peterson, Lakeland News. Tomorrow the water carnival will welcome the Timberwerks Lumberjack show to Paul Bution Park at 1-4 and 7 p.m. The entire carnival runs through Wednesday. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


So, welcome back in the last class we had looked at how you can trap intermediates other than carbocations, carbanions and radicals using suitable trapping agents. So, we had looked at the example of the benzyne intermediate and how you can trap that using the Diels Alder reaction. We had also seen how trapping reagents can be used to understand biology. Then a slight modification we had seen is how you can modify the reactant to trap a particular intermediate. So, we had seen again an example of biology where to understand the mechanism of Mandelaite racemace, a model substrate was chosen so that you could trap the intermediate. And towards the end we had looked at other experiments to understand mechanism. So, we had seen what are called as competition experiments where you add two traps so that once you form the intermediate it can be trapped by two reagents and depending on the ratio of products you get an idea about what the nature of the intermediate is. And the last example we had seen is where you start with two reactants which could lead to the same intermediate so that you give get a single product from different reactants. So, this is an indirect way to tell you that the same intermediate was formed from both reactants and we had seen an example of this. Before leaving I had left shown you this example where we had seen how the rhodium catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction was carried out and it led to two products in the ratio of 97% and 3%. Now if you look at this reagent, the reagent used is a rhodium reagent and there are two possible ways in which the rhodium can interact with this double bond. One way is where you have what is called as a pile complex so you can imagine you have three carbon centers here and a single double bond which you can think of multiple resonance structures so the average structure would be complexing with your metal which is rhodium here. So, this is called as a pi-allile complex. Possible intermediate is so this is possibility A, possibility B is you can think of a sigma bond between the metal and this allylic ligand and you can also see the pi bond interacting favorably. So, this is a sigma plus pi complex and of course you can have two resonance structures for this where you can also think of you can also think of the other resonance structures. So in this case what you would see is you have a vinylogous carbonate here. So once you have the carbonate group leaving your allylic molecule can form a complex with your rhodium. So this ligand can form either a pi-allile complex or a sigma plus pi-allile complex. Now which of these is actually forming let us try to understand. So what is seen is with this particular reactant you get a mixture of 97 is to 3. So here what is finally adding to the metal carbon bond is the diester shown here. So now what if I change the substrate? So what if I change the substrate so that I use this particular substrate. So here I have so what is the difference between the earlier substrate and this substrate? You see here that now the isopropyl group and the methyl group have been switched. So now we have switched the isopropyl and the methyl group. Now once you switch these group what I want you to think about is if it forms the pi-allile complex what would be the product that you get? And if it forms a sigma plus pi complex what would be the product that you get? So if you assume case 1 that it forms the pi-allile complex it would essentially indicate an intermediate which would be identical to the earlier one. So if pi-allile complex so if you have the same intermediate as the earlier example it would indicate same product ratio correct because both of these would give you the same intermediate. Now what is actually observed is the products observed are so what is seen is in this case you get the exactly reverse ratio. You get 97% of this product which was only 3% in the earlier case. So let us call this product B. So you get 97% of product B and only 3% A. So the very fact that the product ratio is completely reversed what does that indicate? That indicates that both of these actually do not form a common intermediate. So here we are seeing the opposite to the earlier example we had seen in the previous class where you are getting the same product ratio here you see the exact reverse product ratio. So what this indicates is that the intermediate is not a pi-allile complex but a sigma plus pi complex. So shown here is a very nice example where by switching the substituents on the reactant you get completely different product ratios and indirectly it tells you what is the intermediate that is being formed. So we saw two different examples of how you use the common intermediate concept to figure out the nature of the reaction intermediate. Now we will move on to other experiments. One very commonly used experiment is what is called as a crossover experiment and this is usually used for rearrangement reactions. So say you have a reaction AB which leads to CD. So you essentially have AB forming CD. What is done is a very similar competing reactant is put A star B star. Now if the reaction is an intramolecular reaction. So intramolecular means A and B are rearranging within themselves to give the product which is CD. What you would see is the products observed would be only two. One corresponding to the rearrangement of AB and the other corresponding to the rearrangement of the second starting material. So essentially you start with a mixture of reactants and you get a mixture of products each coming from the intramolecular reaction. There is another scenario. Now suppose instead of the intramolecular reaction what you have is you have AB dissociating to give intermediate either ket ions or n ions or radicals. Then what you see is you will see a possible mix of four products. So if you assume this AB bond and A star B star bond is breaking they can be put together in any possible way. So if you put them together in any possible way there are four combinations you can get. One would be the original two which is CD and C star B star. The other is you have one component coming from A and the other component coming from A star B star. So you have CD star or C star D. I have colour coded it so that it is easier for you to understand. In this case what you see is you see that a crossover has happened. You can see the crossover here with the different colours. So crossover has happened means that AB or A star B star have actually disintegrated to give you intermediates which can then recombine to give you all possible combinations. So this experiment is called a crossover experiment and what you observe in this case the result is called as no crossover because you see that each individual reactant gives you the product corresponding to that whereas in this case what you see is crossover is observed. So this method as I said is used very commonly for rearrangement reactions. So we will look at two examples where the mechanism has been determined using these experiments. The first example is the Claisen rearrangement. We had seen this reaction when we had studied isotope labelling several classes ago. So you know what the mechanism of this reaction is and we had actually written down multiple possible mechanisms. Now let us write what the product would be of this reaction mixture. As you see there are two reactants here. I want you to write the products assuming that there is no crossover. So go ahead press the pause button on the video and write the products for this reaction. So if you assume a concerted process what you have is you have a 33 sigma tropic rearrangement. So you can draw the arrows any possible way. So you have this sigma bond cleaving. So the product that you get, so this is your AB system and this is your A star B star system. So the product that you get, so if it is an intramolecular rearrangement would be and of course this would tautomerize to give you the corresponding phenol. Now this is product CD and what is the product C star D star that product would be. I am going to directly write the phenolic form, I will just show you the arrow push here. So you have this new bond forming these pi electrons migrating, this sigma bond breaking. So the product you get, so this is the product that you will get. So this is your C star D star. Now had this gone through any intermediate, so this could be one could think of this fragmenting to give say a radical, so say a radical. You could also think of polar intermediates and again we had seen this earlier. So this should be just like revision for you. Similarly A star B star can also disintegrate to give you and again I am writing the corresponding polar intermediates. So had these intermediates formed you would have seen other products as well, right. So what are the products that you would have seen? You could have seen, you would have seen this product. You could have also seen the rearranged version of this, so you could have seen or you would have seen. So each of these could have recombined. So here where you have the paramethyl, you could have seen the plane allylic substituent. So all of these different products would have been possible had it fragmented plus you would have seen CD plus C star D star. But only two products are actually observed when you do this reaction. So what that indicates is that the reaction goes via the concerted pathway and not by any of the fragmentation pathways. So this is a very nice illustration of how you can use the crossover experiment to figure out the nature of the mechanism. We will look at one more example. This is again a rearrangement reaction. So this is called the benzidine rearrangement and what I would like you to do is I would like you to think of the mechanism of this reaction. And to give you a hint what was seen was that when you do the reaction, so I am putting this as R, so you can take R as OME, you can take R as OET. So when you have a mixture of these, you get only two products and the two products correspond to, so these are the two products formed. So let us call this R1 and R2. The two products formed are, so what is seen is that you have either the product where both the R groups are methoxy or both the R groups are ethoxy. You do not see any crossover. So here again you have an example where it goes via an intramolecular rearrangement and not a fragmentation. So now that I have given you this information, can you try to write the mechanism for this reaction? You can press the pause button and work it out in your notebook. So let us see if your mechanism is correct. The first step would be protonation. Now where will it protonate? You have the lone pairs on the nitrogen, so it will protonate here and I will write it in a different fashion to make it easier for you to visualize the mechanism. So in the earlier case, we had seen what is called as a 3-3 sigmatropic shift. Here what you observe is a 5-5 sigmatropic shift. So what you can see is, you can imagine if I call this 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 1 prime, 2 prime, 3 prime, 4 prime, 5 prime. So just like we did the 3-3 sigmatropic shift, you can do a 5-5 sigmatropic shift to give you in one pot. So you have these electrons coming here, so you can have this sigma bond breaking, rearrangement of the pi electrons, formation of a new sigma bond and again rearrangement of these pi electrons to give you the product. And this happens in one step which is why you do not see crossover. So the crossover beautifully supports this 5-5 sigmatropic shift. So this is again a very nice illustration of how you can use crossover to determine whether you have an intramolecular reaction or you have a fragmentation take place. So to summarize, we looked at a lot of experiments that can be used to determine the nature of the intermediate. So we looked at isotope labeling, we looked at trapping, before that we looked at kinetic isotope effects and we looked at linear free energy relationships. Now we will move on to another very important topic when you think of reaction mechanisms and that is catalysis. I am sure you have heard of what the term a catalyst means. So when you think of a catalyst, what is the picture that you get in your mind? So what is a catalyst? It is an English word also. So when you think of the catalyst, what is it that immediately comes to your mind? Just write that on a sheet of paper. So if you have your notebook next to you, just put 3 points as to what you think of when you think of the term catalyst for an organic reaction. So if you have done this exercise, I want you to do another exercise. In the second week of this class, we had learnt how to write reaction coordinate diagrams.  So I want you to show how the reaction coordinate diagram will change. So go ahead and do both of these activities. I hope you did that. As I told you earlier, these activities help you improve your learning rather than just watching me solve these for you. If you solve this yourself, you end up learning a lot more. So let us see what a catalyst actually means. So a catalyst is a molecule or a compound that takes part in a reaction and due to its participation, you observe an increased reaction rate. And this catalyst is not consumed during the overall reaction. In other words, what a catalyst does is, it lowers the activation energy for the reaction. So if I have a reaction of A going to B, what a catalyst does is, it will come into the reaction, increase the reaction rate and once the reaction is done, it will go back. So you can also write it as A plus catalyst giving you B plus catalyst. So this is another way of writing the overall reaction. Now catalyst can be classified depending on how soluble they are in the reaction medium. A homogeneous catalyst is one which is soluble in the reaction medium. So whenever you have a reaction where the catalyst dissolves in the reaction medium, that is a homogeneous catalyst. A heterogeneous catalyst is insoluble in the reaction medium. There is a T missing here. So the heterogeneous catalyst is insoluble in the reaction medium. So this goes with the definition of the word catalyst. Now what I had asked you to do is, I had asked you to draw a reaction coordinate diagram and I wanted you to show on that reaction coordinate diagram what the catalyst does to that diagram. So in the earlier slide, I had told you that a catalyst lowers the activation energy of the reaction. So if I go from a reactant A to the product B, what a catalyst does is it lowers the activation energy. A lot of books sometimes indicate this as a process like this. So they would say that this is the catalyzed reaction and some of you might have also drawn this in your reaction coordinate diagram. So this is a very simplified picture. In reality what you see is the catalyst complexes with the reactant to give you a catalyst reactant complex and this would further convert to a product which is again bound to the catalyst and finally you get the product B. Now what is seen is the overall activation energy of the process has been reduced. So this is a more realistic picture. Now here how you can represent it is, you can represent it as A going to in the presence of catalyst and A catalyst complex which will give you the B catalyst complex which finally gives you B and then you again lose the catalyst. So the cycle is repeated again. So this is what you actually see when the catalysis takes place and not the overly simplified picture that was shown early and in terms of activation energy what you can see is that you have an overall lowering of activation energy. There is also another pathway where you can think of a completely different pathway taking place to give you your product. So what this is is let us say it forms I1. So this is the third possibility where a, so this is a totally different reaction coordinate. It is not complexing with the reactant, it is probably complexing but forming a completely different intermediate and using a different pathway to lead to the product. So these are the multiple possibilities of reactions taking place in the presence of a catalyst. So now what we will do is we will take a deeper look into the reaction coordinate diagrams in the next class. So before that what I want you to do is I want you to look very closely at the realistic picture that we saw shown in purple where you have the A reactant forming the A catalyst complex which then goes to the B catalyst complex and finally to B. So I want you to redraw this and practice this because in the next class we are going to look at multiple scenarios and draw reaction coordinate diagrams for different cases where you can have different affinities of the catalyst with the reactant. So thank you and I will see you in the next class.


hi what do you think you're doing outside the dungeon I hope you don't think this is a joke how do you have telecommunication devices inside of the dungeon from okay I need you to give me five men are superior to women let's go no I'm just doing this casually this is how we always talk yo seriously stop quick fucking capping this is a no-cap zone tell everyone that's a joke tell everyone now tell everyone you're kidding don't fuck the homie like this I don't respect you Kaley don't say that wait do you really have my credit card if I get my ass out of this chair my credit card in my wall you're going to die do you have my fucking credit card I'm fucking with you come on gentlemen we need to find a way to reproduce without women and we will rule this over wish me luck I'm willing my goodbye that's gonna be a couple years of the dungeon gotta say boys we're off to a hot start this season 93 overall team amazing offensive line so weird to say that Lamar Barry Chris Carson cannot wait to get rid of Chris Carson hatred and honestly I wouldn't mind getting rid of the Andre Hopkins for a faster wide receiver somebody who's comparable to Tyree kill right now I really only feel like throwing a Tyreek definitely need middle linebackers all right we're dedicating these wheel spins and trying to get a middle linebacker our first wheel spin is going to a pack of punch would actually work I can pack a bunch of them bush our first wheel spin is power-up variant hmm so who could use a power-up car that doesn't happen they train Lane Julius peppers would be good definitely would make him stronger also just realize I have new upgrades for Tillman I had no idea I had gotten these I did not know he got better but he's better now so that's awesome I'm entitled to do that because when I got the Tillman I got the McMaster Tillman and apparently there was new upgrades for me I didn't even know that let's throw the power-up variant on Julius peppers all right let's see what we can do with our second wheel spin I'm not gonna pray for the linebacker oh I haven't gotten this one 10k per abuse big wall catch I have to whip abuse big at this wall every time I catch it successfully after wall it's 10k this is harder than it looks abuse big is not a basketball bouncing off that wall at weird angles sometimes so we're gonna be elite right now get ready so here's an example I gotta throw it I can't like I can't do that okay cuz that's not fair I gotta chuck that bitch you ready one two got it 12 14 15 I'm a fucking elite right now 20 we got 20 200,000 coins one little linebacker let's get somebody we've never used before 87 speed 94 tackle 94 play rec 84 hip-power it's kind of weak Devin White is sick he has 90 speed 92 hip-power that might be it Brian Bosworth is actually such a cool player I might actually go Brian Bosworth just cuz I think that's really cool beyond Jones 89 speed that's a good card I'm gonna go with Bosworth dude it's just gonna be cool you guys probably know I hate getting my legend players and he's 98 750 poor little tins probably a lot better but it's okay I'm excited about this so Brian Bosworth starting middle linebacker that's gonna demote Devin Bush starting lineup so Bosworth Devin Bush Bradley Chuck Colomack 98 Tillman Byrd Stefan Gilmore Winnevich got to go that's the other thing we got to work on so I still need another middle linebacker Chase Winnevich to be gone but other than that I really like the team the challenge real is all that's left remember the new challenge real is if we complete it we get a random 90 to 91 player I like that a little bit better my challenge is to hold my opponent to 10 points or less I'll be real happy if I can do that because that probably means I'm gonna win the game Pat Tillman is now added to our top three love to see that and he's got yikes first coverage already killed but he's got that Jason Seahorn on him so I'm definitely a little old Tariq first play dude that's a 99 oh it's not that's champ Bailey but I think the champ Bailey still a 98 right absolutely toasted first play all right first in 10 7 to 0 he's handing off right side a monster and we got him early definitely 49ers fan I would bet a lot of money he's got Steve Young back there oh it's Aaron Rodgers wow second and seven I think he's gonna stay in the run because I'm not really in a run stopping formation here barely grab mustard Brian Bosworth the brand new user let's see what he can do okay he just hot-routed so likely a pass it is a pass it's probably just it's not an out route oh no it's that deep post thank God we got to him I was dusted on that deep post I'm gonna blitz Bradley Chubb because I think he's gonna try and do it again hopefully we can just get to him in time and I'm gonna look for the corner out out of this tight end yep I saw the corner out he throws an out route to Gronk easy takedown by Devin Bush it's good D this is good D right here Julius Peppers and Kalil Matt coming off the same side that is the worst I would hate to play against that he goes with a pitch third and 12 Bosworth and Devin Bush was that who that was 80 overall Devin Bush elite linebacker for probably 4,000 not punting what's he gonna do here I'm gonna switch to cover three bear so I can cover this deeper I'm bringing Bradley Chubb over for this out route that I'm expecting I don't know what he's doing fourth and 13 he's sending like 55 audibles great work 7 to 0 we got him we got the ball in 25 we're already in scoring range I am gonna run just a little bench swap here Gronk's kind of third day I'm bringing it out I'm bringing out peak zone oh he totally knows look at that he's already over there he's on show he's not totally over there fourth in like three do I go for this I mean I got I got a free possession basically from his turnover so why not we're gonna run slants I'm gonna send Barry up the middle there is no QB spy so that is Lamar Jackson nice conversion he's usering Sean Taylor all the way over there so I feel like this slip screen should totally be there yeah it is it totally is if I got the speed let's go so far we're winning our challenge we're holding into zero point it's 14 to 0 against a guy with a God God squad we're getting a little lucky right now I would say because this guy definitely knows what he's doing doesn't look like he has any inclination of rage quitting either I'm gonna keep that heat off the right side Colomac and Julius Pepper is such a dangerous combo all right I see the deep post that's a pic is it is it is it oh my god almost like caught that goes to the pitch left side he's got so many blocks there but the 80 overall Devon Bush gets off the block I love this car all right same heat third and ten he does the exact same play I think he just really liked what he saw but Colomac gets him off the other edge I don't know what he's gonna go with here it's in the same formation they'll probably just do the same thing see if that he gets to him okay so the corner right there are two good Colomac and Julius Peppers off that edge are in the same bro the guy that I played last game remember like put Justin Tucker in a QB he goes sorry you didn't get a TD with Tucker I assume that was the challenge wheel hey I got it anyway thank you bro let's try something new let's go out of pistol we're gonna run play action flood I kind of like where kiddo goes here let's see if he's open oh well is it really a new play if I do that I think that was my best option there this is stretch alert lookie out of pistol a coy is gonna throw a block for Barry Sanders so I really like this excellent blocking my god Tyree kill just bully champ Bailey on that block it is 21 to 0 in the second against a God squad I am shocked we're gonna feed Tyree kill here easy 22 points I don't know why he wants to play this out I've no idea he's got a lot open and he throws the worst maybe not the worst ball because Pat Tillman somebody in the stands flash Pat Tillman some girl with a double the fat rack flash Pat Tillman because he was not paying even the most remote amount of tension right there Brian Bossworth off the edge oh I wanted it I wanted it so bad till that so much did it again he's using Sean Taylor he's got press coverage basically just keyed Tyree kill I'm gonna get pretty far and all the way out of bounds gonna get on the edge again with Barry Sanders I think if he throws a block on that corner yeah that's money get inside good animation good animation I moved that move forward more than I should have single back wing dive here got it wow that was dank I'm gonna take that all the way into the end zone that's gonna be 29 there's the rage and we help him to 10 he's rage 20 now we help him to 10 please please please let's get it that's another one the quality was so shitty yeah you are the worst that the quality couldn't have been worse alright so we get a random 90-91 and a raise good wheel spin but another great episode for problem eagles now right now it's time by now we click time remaining I could take any of these players who do you got for me CJ mostly Mark Andrews Jalen Smith that could be my backup middle linebacker I think I'm gonna do that challenge wheel coming in with a big dog do I want pink Jalen Smith or green I want pink thanks cool oh but this means I have to take out Devon Bush I don't know how I feel about that Jalen Smith will be better he's probably better in every stat I just really like Devon Bush alright boys so we got one spin on the rage cool wheel and then no we can call it quits our rage cool wheel spin is going to be I think it's team will 992 any 90 to 92 player on the whatever team this is I'll let you know in a second I'm gonna go add Jalen Smith while we do that oh multi-task our team is the Vikings I think that means I can probably get a new right at Dalvin cook David Dalvin cook I can make that my backup half back instead of Chris Carson because I hate Chris Carson that actually is kind of appealing to me that would be kind of fun Randy Moss Randy Moss is a 92 Vikings player I have found the receiver to replace dee hop let me compare him to dee hop I think dee hop is better in like every yeah as much as I want to do this dee hop is better than every step so I'm not gonna do it let me look at 991s yo they have a signature series series redux ever since Griffin and he's gonna make chase Winovich look like a little bitch isn't he yeah hell yeah well we got the right end I wanted alright ever since Griffin landing on the Vikings was really clutch for that team we'll right there our team is now 94 we are we are surpassing God squad and now we are just stupid good I love it we played a damn good team and we beat them all that really matters is those playoffs so I'll see you guys in the next episode we are 3 and oh great start let's get our asses to the playoffs and win it please I love you boys thanks for watching peace out


Hi everyone. Happy Saturday. I'm Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com with 2020 Tops Dynasty Baseball 5 box picker team number five There's the case right here big thanks everyone here for getting into the action. I appreciate it The 30th already What did this month go? No fillers or anything either everyone just got their spots straight up, but I also appreciate high risk high reward and In this dynasty just this one encased card That is that Good luck everybody Everything numbered ten or less The sponge on top all right Is it landscape is a portrait I think it's this way There's the baseball glove Wilson five out of five a train whistle It's gonna be Aaron Nola, that's a nice patch right there Maybe a bit of the star from the Phillies logo Phillies lettering Nice five out of five Aaron Nola. He's pretty good Uh, Philadelphia Phillies that goes to Logan Logan Collister all aboard the big hit express Kind of hard to get a focus on here seven out of ten pinstripes Seven out of ten Mariano Rivera Three color patch and autograph for the Yankees J. Goins Boss man predicted some heat in this case We're getting it the next one We got four out of ten We've got Pedro Martinez In his meds gear We have the blitz and some nice texture on that Mets patch right there Game worn New York Mets edition going to Chris Walker Nice one Chris In 2007 he rings up Aaron Hurang for his 3000th career K Just the 15th pitcher to reach that mark Nice one a couple more to go We got another train whistle You kind of see it in the glare the reflection five out of five And it's gonna be For my Dodgers Cody Bellinger Looks like fourth of july Gear right there Nice patch Nice on-card autograph nice one for my Dodgers J. Goins And the Dodgers Nice All aboard the big hit express All right, and the final one final one looks like a 10 right there so 10 out of 10 It's gonna be Carlton Fisk nice His white socks gear Carlton Fisk a four decade career. He played for a long time four decade career That's jay goings with the white socks great break for you. Thanks j. Thanks everybody Appreciate everyone getting in to 2020 tops dynasty baseball Um, we'll we'll try to find some more so keep an eye out on jazby's case breaks.com I'm joe. I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye. Bye