Hello everybody Andrea here with dental L. I have been tutoring now for about 15 years I tutor dental hygiene students and dental assisting students past the board exam and I get emails daily of what you should be doing to really ensure your success in passing or I get emails from people saying that they didn't pass the board exam and what can they do differently to pass a second time.  A lot of them might not seem like common sense either but will really make a big difference. So number one is you need to study everything. Do not study things that you don't think you know. Study things even if you think you already know them. A lot of students will only study oral pathology or pharmacology because it's hard and when they were in school they didn't really understand it or they had a bad mark on their tests exams or whatever. But I want you to go back to day one and study everything because you don't know what's going to be on the exam. If you're part of my course, the board exam prep academy, I list modules for you of exactly what to study and when to study so you don't have to go back through your notes in school. You don't have to read the textbook none of that I give everything for you and my course is based on previous exams, what has been on there is based on practice exams you name it that's the best place to get started. My two tip would be trying not to get overwhelmed that's not a very good tip I know, but the worst thing to do is think oh my God I have to study so much this is horrible I don't know what to do for formulate a study plan. Okay, so today, study nutrition tomorrow for four hours study oral pathology. The next day you have to work so maybe you can only study for one hour. You can control you know study things like that and make a plan inside my course I have a plan for you if that's hard for you to do because I know it can be overwhelming. The worst thing to do is not study at all. Another bad thing to do is study eight hours all day every day, you will not retain the information okay. The next tip is to take mock exams and practice tests. That is really one of the best ways to study because you don't know what you don't know until you take a mock exam until you take a practice test and maybe you do very, very poorly. So what do you need to go back to those certain topics and study them again, and then you will understand them they will stick in your head, a lot easier if you do it that way. I don't want you guys to just open up a textbook and read that will not help you it's good to have a focused study plan. Okay, another good thing to do is and I know I'm kind of biased here, but sign up for a tutoring course. I have one for you called the board exam prep Academy but let me tell you why, because inside the course I have everything outlined in modules for you, so you don't get overwhelmed not knowing what to study how to study when to study, I give it all for you. So let me online for our group study sessions where I go over a mock exam practice test at every single session for 45 minutes, where I go through questions, and we talk about multiple choice answers, I help to teach you guys how to pick the best answer. There will always be two answers but I teach you guys critical thinking and how to pick the best answer, you cannot do that on your own because how can you teach yourself how to pick the best answer when you don't know. So sign up for a tutoring course, I can help you. Another nice thing is, is it's live, you know, online. It's one thing to study by yourself reading notes or even taking my course, and just studying reading the notes watching the videos watching the lectures. So if you come online with our study group where I am there for you like right here you guys, I am answering any questions you have I can help to explain things for you in real time, kind of like if we're doing this in person right but not. That's the best way to do it you will gain confidence, you will feel like you have focused studying every time, so you can pass. There's nothing worse than feeling so overwhelmed not knowing what to study when to study not even knowing if you're past eight hours you did well in studying. There's nothing worse than the not knowing right at least taking the course, you know it's a focused studying, I do still maintain a 99.4% success rate, helping students pass the exam so I can help you pass. If you do the homework, if you read the modules read the materials listen to the lectures, take the mock exams and come on live for our study sessions you will pass. And you'll almost have fun studying yes did I say that it's true because all of the notes that I have for you I have outlined them in a much easier way to study for you so you're not just reading boring notes you are reading exciting notes, and I'm helping to explain it for you. So I hope this helps. Please let me know if you guys have any questions and I'll talk to you guys in the next video.


We have one people to eat a vegan.  Do you know what this is? Slaughtering animals. Yeah, is this gas chamber? Oh, this is your vegetarian. Oh Is there anything to do with dairy on here? Yeah, do you still consume dairy and eggs? So you consume milk from the cow Only cow because India doesn't have a vegan option. What animals do you eat in India? Cow? Don't eat chickens. No beef over there. They export the beef. Isn't it bizarre that they're considered holy, but they Send them all off to be murdered after they can't produce milk The dairy industry when they can't produce milk there they send off the cows to be killed So they export all the beef from India. India is one of the biggest exporters of beef and leather Because of the dairy industry there. So they kill them really young They cannot produce milk Yeah, the males are like a waste product in the milk industry. They just stay this useless Males females every year they're forcefully impregnated and have their calves taken away to keep the milk production flowing This here is australian, but uh, where are you from? From scotland. Okay. Process is the same. Do you know what a vegan is? It's like pure vegetarian No animal products. I was vegan for two months in India and then I got back into it because I didn't find any option then No, if you even get it's like What do you need milk for?  Tea you can't get soya milk in india You're not a man, okay Do you know dairy products you think the hormones in soya milk is bad for men Not because of the Estrogen is that what it is? Okay. So when cows are pregnant they have hormones going through them estrogen Progestion a pregnant cow Actual hormones in plants. They have phytoestrogen plant hormones not the same as us Cows are mammals. We are mammals. They have the same hormones like we do So when males drink or females drink The hormones from the cow's milk, I'd be more worried about actual cow hormones than plant Estrogen. Yeah, like do you guys have kids? Do you have kids? Yeah. Yeah, nine month pregnancy They're inside their tummy for nine months and then when they're born get taken straight away from them I've been on a dairy farm when they do it.  This is a macerator So they're males as well. They don't produce eggs That's their first day of life Sometimes they don't actually put them in a macerator They just put them in a garbage bag and close it shut and suffocate them or they gas chamber them But yeah, Scotland's got macerators as well England, yeah, UK Not many activists will go in there and leave cameras in there, but yeah, the egg industry disposes of all the males But anyway, you guys would agree that it's wrong to harm animals if we don't need to If we don't need to survive like that and all the species are going You know a lot of species are going extinct 10,000 a year because of the actions of One species climate change also everything climate change. Yeah But like let's just look at it from the animals through the animals eyes I mean to have dairy they have to have their children taken from them because otherwise they would drink the milk So they have to be pregnant and the children get taken the boys are killed. They won't produce dairy And they all be killed the cows will be killed when they can't produce milk just so we can have a splash In our tea If you think about that, do you think it's justified for that?  They're for pigs.  They put them in a dungeon Big cage. It's like a big ferris wheel. They lower them down into gas They thrash and scream and some pigs rip their limbs off because they're trying to escape Do you have the app called happy cow? No, it's called happy cow And it shows you where all the vegan places are wherever you are on earth. It's called happy cow Yeah, so basically the reason we show the public stuff like this is because These industries rely on the consumer To be in business basically so we ask people to boycott these industries and go for plant-based alternatives We're trying to persuade The public because without your money these industries do not exist They rely on the consumer drinking the milk taking the eggs eating the flesh So with your with your money if you go, I'm going to buy chicken flesh or I'm going to buy vegan food And if enough people if we persuade enough people to buy vegan food slaughterhouses close Dairy industry shuts down. They don't have money So we rely on demand from the consumer and that's all this is us persuading the public to make more moral choices Yeah, billions and billions of sentient life Um, just being treated like products Exploited and killed use for their bodies and we just think it's completely unnecessary and cruel and it's not consistent with the good Yeah Not consistent with the good people most people are like most people are against animal abuse and you know They see animals as someone I didn't know I didn't know my whole life. It's by design. They don't show you because they're relying on you to buy their product That's uh, that shouldn't be shown Shouldn't be done. It should be shown to people. Yeah The egg industry shouldn't put a commercial up an advertisement Activists went in against Um, the law and left cameras in there to bring this footage out They're they're searing off their beaks with a hot iron because they can peck each other in confinement.  They're any little babies first day of life the females basically they they grow them and then they sort of hold them against their will enslave them and then they lay eggs 300 a year They usually lay about 12 or 10 to 12 You know, so they're producing more eggs than they and then natural when they stop laying eggs At an efficient rate. They slaughter them for their bodies and we all go along and buy a chicken breast from An egg laying hen that's been in confinement their whole life or even if they were in some barn They are held against their will. They're not exhibiting natural behavior They're slaughtered as well. So I don't know if people seen the whole process Like I used to buy a package of flesh Just pick it up Season it put it on the grill Eat it with my vegetables and I didn't connect that piece of flesh to an animal to their life who they were Free range eggs Yeah, yeah, what you saw there that process happens across the board free range organic Um, free range makes the consumer feel better. It doesn't help animals It's a selling point for them and yeah, they might give them a little bit more space in the shed Free range hens are still kept in the shed. They all go to the slaughterhouse All the free range animals go to the slaughterhouse to be butchered. This is some stuff about the dairy industry. Dairy is scary Okay, um, the process is pretty much the same. India has mega dairies really huge ones And the process is forcible impregnation when they get pregnant.  They um, they call it pining on the dairy farm. You can hear them all Pining out for their young After about the third time they stop fighting. They just go numb. They've lost their children that many times They don't expect to ever bear their own children. When you think about like gee like the dead birds and Dead like birds that have been killed Not birds. No, not chickens. Yeah, yeah, so they're birds.  Yeah, you're consuming violence, you know and the peaceful people consuming violence I don't know if that's helps us on a spiritual level This is more of a smaller slaughterhouse with the smallest slaughterhouses they you know stun and stab The bigger ones use a gas chamber for pigs In frog they have a massive gas chamber were there yesterday This here is um some info. This is challenge 22 if you've got facebook You can try a little plant-based vegan challenge For 22 days and see how you like it.  I used to eat bacon sandwiches nearly every morning much better for your health to Yeah, you start thinking about Yeah, and heart disease is the number one killer of humans and saturated fat and cholesterol found in animal products Eggs and dairy and and Bacon not in our health as well. I mean it's not good for our health So something to consider but You seem like you're already mostly There anyway, you understand it a lot more than for two months Most human beings I believe good people. They're against animal cruelty against violence They don't want to see this happening, you know, but we consume it our blindfolds are on We consume it and we pay for it. Yeah, no one knows It's horrible. It's prolonged suffering you know The beef the beef cattle are killed after two years The dairy cows suffer maternal trauma for six or seven times having their children taken And then they're killed once they just there's nothing left of them. They're talking about mothers here I've only been vegan five years for 26 years I was eating all animals I was conditioned by the same culture. It was just normal for me. Yeah took me a little while But I was determined because it was it's against my values. This is against who I am I don't want to see this happen to innocent animals if I can avoid it It makes sense to avoid it if they were humans. I wouldn't want to be contributing to that. Yeah, so for me Yeah Thanks for your time. Take care brother. Thank you. Thank you. Take care No problems. Thanks for thanks for the discussion. That was a good one, dude


Good morning everyone. Buenos dias. Welcome to the first parallel session on day three of this conference. Today our session is on gender. That's the broad title of the session. So we have a couple of papers looking at gender and labor markets in the informal sector and in entrepreneurship and gender and property rights. We are supposed to have four presenters but we currently have only three so we will get started and if our fourth presenter joins us well and good. I'm the chair of the session.  This is the presentation is titled Women's Legal Rights, Gender Gaps and Property Ownership in Developing Countries. Co-authored with Isis Gadis from the World Bank and Rahul Lahoti from UNU wider. Rahul is here but Isis hasn't been able to join us. So really we are looking here at why what women's property rights are all about and and looking at gender gaps in property ownership. So the motivation really is why are we looking at assets because typically we talk about income and consumption but if you're thinking in terms of poverty and inequality assets are really very important and they are often a neglected aspect of looking at economic resources and assets can really make a difference between structural poverty and transient poverty. Wealth inequality typically tends to be higher because assets represent an accumulation of economic resources over the lifetime and they can also generate status and social advantage in this conference. We've heard a lot about inequalities of opportunity, intergenerational mobility, much more than income. It's also assets that really contributes to these kinds of inequalities. And if you're thinking of assets and women, I mean that was just broadly about why assets are important but assets and women, I think first is really the intrinsic social justice of it all that every individual should have equal opportunity to own assets. Whether you actually do or not is another question but you should not be denied that opportunity due to discrimination of any kind. And then there is that instrumental evidence that policymakers really like to hear that you empower women and that then you empower communities and families. Assets also sort of fall into the instrumental argument and you have some evidence from the intra-household literature but as Raquel yesterday was pointing out, some of this evidence is mixed when you look at certain outcomes particularly in relation to IPV, right, intimate partner violence. There is backlash, a tendency, so the evidence in this is mixed but overall it does seem to benefit via the mechanisms really being increased agency, negotiation and bargaining power for children as well. And then there's also a lot of research mainly coming from sub Saharan Africa that talks about land ownership and women's names and how that is very helpful. If you don't have land ownership that can hinder adoption of certain kinds of technology or in terms of labor allocation etc. And in terms of evidence, we don't have a lot of good data on individual level property ownership. I mean leave alone assets which you could say property and lots of other kinds of facets but even at immovable property which is really if you're looking at land, housing, real estate that's really the big thing that contributes to the portfolio, financial portfolio in a lot of for a lot of people and we don't have good data on it because we usually household survey data and we are thinking developing countries, you walk in and you say does this household own a plot of land, does this household own a house and yes and then you sort of move on you're not asking who within this household is owning right because but this household is just another entity, the household is not a legal entity for ownership of assets. So we really suffer from a good data in this context. There is some that is now beginning to be available, you have LSMS plus but that's sub Saharan focused, largely agricultural data, then you have I think other state representative or national representative data that's coming up now but it's still a very nascent field. So what we've worked with is a demographic and health surveys which since 2010 has started asking a question in the men's and women's questionnaire if you're familiar with the structure of DHS is that they have a household questionnaire and then a men's questionnaire and a women's questionnaire and now they have started asking do you own either jointly or by yourself a piece of land and do you own this house or any other house? It's not the best way to ask these questions and it's kind of restrictive but it's a beginning and DHS is good because it's a very reliable consistent survey, it happens year on year or with some frequency but there is, you can now start thinking about tracking and seeing if you're making progress with respect to women's asset ownership. So this is the way the question is worded, do you own this or any house either alone or jointly with someone else? Right and then you have these various coding categories and the similar question is asked for land and it's asked in the individual questionnaire so it's asked to men and women separately. So for our analysis we've actually looked at married couples and I'll get to a little more description of our analytical sample later but we've looked at married couples because we've also wanted to focus on property differences at an intra household level. So the two main questions here is first paint a descriptive picture of property ownership. We don't know at a global scale, it's for 41 countries and then look, assess the factors we are interested in the legal regimes, like ability to own property, what are the laws that allow or that constrain or inhibit women's property ownership. So looking at it from a correlational factor, right? So what are the factors that are correlated with women's property ownership? Focusing mainly on the role of legal system. So the main three takeaways that we have are gender gaps are widespread and systematic. It's not very surprising to people who work in this field but it's very good to back up these statements with evidence at a cross-country level and within countries the gender gaps are most pronounced in rural areas and for groups who are in the poorest quintiles and countries with more gender egalitarian legal regimes have higher levels of property ownership by women especially for housing ownership. So why are we focusing on women's legal rights? So if you think of the main pathways through which women actually acquire, people acquire not just women but both men and women acquire property. It's through inheritance. It's through your ability to purchase in the market or it's through marriage, right? I'm abstracting away from land reforms that are done by the state or transfers that are done by the state because we don't have very good data on those but so we are looking at market transactions so your ability to actually be employed, have good earnings and then purchase in the market, your ability to inherit from either your spouse or through natal property and then your ability to accumulate through marriage, right? Which actually turns out to be a very important channel for women. So I'm going to spend just a couple of minutes why marriage is so important. So we have what is called this concept of marital regimes. So you have a full community of property which says that once you form a union, either registered or if you're cohabiting legally, then all the assets that you bring to the marriage and any assets that you accumulate in the marriage from that point onwards is recognized as joint marital property. So it belongs to both partners equally. And then you have what is called a partial community of property which says what you bring into the marriage remains yours, is independent but what you accumulate together as a unit is considered marital property and then what you have is called a complete separation of property where what you bring in and what you accumulate both remain independent. So in terms there is no concept of community. So there is no concept of marital assets. So suppose me and my partner we buy a house together but it happens to be registered in my name then my partner doesn't have actually any rights over it even though he may have contributed either monetarily or in other kinds. So this is why it becomes very important when we are thinking of marital regimes. So this is just some descriptive data from the WBL which is the Women Business and Law Database of the World Bank which actually codes these marital regimes of the various countries. So if you see there is what is called legal recognition of non-monetary contributions to marital property. So what this says is that the law in some way recognizes that the woman has had a contribution to marital property either in terms of being a homemaker or contributions in kind or there is full or partial community of property in these countries. So the countries in yellow are those that don't have it that are you would see mainly sort of northern Africa, some parts of Sub-Taharan and parts of Mena and South Asia. Protection from discrimination and pay. So if you are guaranteed law mandates equal remuneration of women and men for work of equal value. So here you see that there is more widespread discrimination than in the previous and then inheritance rights of children. This says can daughters and sons inherit equally from their parents if there is any discrimination on that front. Again it's kind of limited to certain countries just in North Africa and some of the Mena regions and then inheritance rights of spouses. Inheritance rights of spouses means can a man inherit his wife's estate in the same way as a woman inherit the man's estate. And we might think that some of these are largely equal etc but if you start looking at the data very closely even the law doesn't allow for it. I mean it's one thing to say that the law allows but there is ineffective implementation but it's another thing to say that even the law is discriminatory in some aspects. So this was just sort of very descriptive data and then to quickly go on to our key results is that in almost all countries women are less likely to own properties and men. Here what we've done is we've have 41 countries you'll see most of the representation is actually from sub-Saharan Africa. It's a few countries from the other regions of the world. This graph is probably kind of hard to read but I think the main takeaway is that there is significant geographic variation across countries but largely except with the exception of Cameroon and we haven't figured out why the gender gaps are really favoring men. And then again descriptively we've just plotted the difference between rural and urban areas in terms of property, soul and joint ownership of property, of land. We've combined land and housing for married couples in rural versus urban areas and you find that rural areas are slightly more disadvantaged in terms of greater incidence that the gap is greater in rural areas. And this is not always because that women in urban areas are owning more. It's also because men in urban areas are actually owning less. So here we are looking at the absolute gap so the incidence is lower for both men and women.  What we are really interested in is in looking at these legal regimes. So we have, maybe I should just tell you what these variables that we have to capture the legal regimes are, is that men and women have equal ownership rights to immovable property. Then the law provides for valuation of non-monetary contributions. So that really encompasses the marital regimes aspect of it. And then male and females have equal inheritance rights because there was very little variation between inheritance from natal and true spouses. We've combined that as one. Law mandates equal remuneration for equal work and a woman can get a, get a job in the same way as a man, right? So these broadly reflect the pathways that I've talked about earlier. We run three models where we first start off with only our legal variables and then we successively add controls, controls for social and cultural realms. If you were there for the key keynote by Raquel yesterday, she talks about dowry, she talks about bride price, matrilocality, patrilocality. So those are actually some of the controls that we have in these variables. We've got the data from the ethnographic Atlas and then controls at the individual spouse and couple household level. So I guess in interests of parsimony, I'm just going to briefly summarize. This is the first three models by urban and rural areas. And you'll find that in urban, three out of five legal variables are positively and significantly associated with women's chances of owning a house. This is for housing ownership and raising. So by between 10 to 24 percentage points each. And in rural areas equal ownership rights. Again, it's really the law that's kicking in is that men and women have equal ownership rights to removable property. So what this says, this legal regime is really about is the fact that men and women can own property equally. There is no discrimination and they have the right to administer the property without any discrimination based on sex. Often when a woman gets married, the husband, she might own it, but the administration and the maintenance of that property rights passes on to the husband. Then that would be discriminatory. So really this seems to be very important. And in urban areas, this law that's looking at non-monetary contributions becomes, is picking up of great importance here. You have law mandating equal remuneration for equal work. Again, picking up in urban areas, but not so much in rural areas. And this is not necessarily very surprising because all of these laws really apply to the formal sector. And if you're thinking developing countries, the formal sector does not employ most of the people. Women in particular are largely employed in the informal sector. So, and the formal sector tends to be concentrated in urban areas. This is land ownership. We've done this separately again for housing and land, land ownership, urban and rural. The associations are somewhat similar, but weaker, still significant, but the level of significance goes down. I think I barely have a minute left. So just quickly, what we have also done is those were individual variables, but what the WDBL also provides is summary measures. So when you say set of laws under assets, they have, I think, five indicators and that go from zero to 100. And then they have workplace, there are four indicators, pay and entrepreneurship, four indicators each. And then it's like a summary measure. So this in some ways is like a robustness check for us to see if it spans out. Largely, I think our results seem to hold. So broadly, the policy implications conclusions are that there is state sanctioned discrimination, right? In the property rights market, in the credit market, in the labor market and labor market when you're thinking of employment and remuneration, and that these really are limiting women's employment opportunities and their opportunities to acquire assets and wealth. We need more egalitarian legal regimes. And we don't see inheritance kicking in so strongly, but that's probably a limitation of our sample. And I'm happy to discuss it in the Q&A. And we've controlled, as usual, the caveats we've controlled for a lot, but there could be some omitted variables that might be affecting some of our results, right? An argument for a continued push for reforms in the legal area and better implementation of the laws that already exist. Stop here. Thank you.


discuss the unit 1, semester 2, standard form of categorical syllogism. In this unit, dear learners, we will discuss the basic points. They are standard form of categorical syllogism, structure of categorical syllogism, what is smooth, what is figure, band diagram technique for testing syllogism, and finally there is a section like harder readings. In harder readings, you have to get some books which you have to consult for knowing more to the unit that is standard form of categorical syllogism. Now, dear learners, this unit introduces you standard form of categorical syllogism. It includes the definition as well as the structure of the categorical syllogism. Apart from this, you get the concepts like mood, figure of syllogism, and the band diagram technique for testing syllogism. Dear learners, a standard form categorical syllogism is a didacty argument which contains two categorical propositions. And from two categorical propositions, they can jointly conclusion is drawn. As for instance, dear learners, you may take an example. All philosophers are rationalists. All mathematicians are philosophers. Therefore, all mathematicians are rationalists. Dear learners, this is an example of standard form categorical syllogism. Now, you see, dear learners, what is standard form of categorical syllogism? A syllogism is a kind of didacty argument in which a conclusion is drawn from two premises taken together. A categorical syllogism is a didacty argument consisting only of categorical propositions. Now, dear learners, there is another section which you have to know that is structure of categorical syllogism. A categorical syllogism contains three terms, each of which occurred in the two premises from which the conclusion follows. A standard form categorical syllogism consists of standard form categorical propositions. Its premises and conclusion are all standard form categorical propositions. The three terms of the standard form categorical propositions occur twice in the syllogism. The three terms are called the major term, the minor term, and the middle terms respectively. The term that occurs as the predicate of the conclusion is called the major term of the conclusion, is called the major term of the syllogism. And the term that occurs as the subject term of the conclusion is called the minor term of the syllogism. The term that occurs in both the premises but not in the conclusion is called the middle term. Dear learners, now you have to take an example of the standard form of categorical syllogism. You see, all Greeks are humans. All Athenians are Greeks. Therefore, all Athenians are humans. The term human is the predicate of the conclusion. And thus, it is the major term of the syllogism. Athenians is the subject of the conclusion. And as such, it is called the minor term. The term Greek occurs in both the premises. And as such, it is the middle term of the syllogism. The premise, all Greeks are humans is the major premise because the major term human occur in this premise. The premise, all Athenians are Greeks, is the minor premise. Since the minor term, Athenians occur in this premise. In the standard form categorical syllogism, the major premise is stated first, the minor premise, the second, and the conclusion last. Major premise and the minor premise are not defined in terms of their position, but in terms of their position of major term and minor term respectively. Now, dear learners, you have to know a basic concept that is mood, then you see what is mood there. The mood of a standard form categorical proposition is determined by the forms of the standard form categorical proposition it contains. Since the above syllogism contains all a proposition that is both the premises and the conclusion are a propositions, therefore the mood of the syllogism is a, a, a. However, the mood of a standard form categorical syllogism does not wholly or completely determine its form. Two syllogisms may have the same mood, but may differ in form. Let us take two syllogisms and see that they have the same mood, but differ in form.  Second, you see all scientists are philosophers, some scientists are mathematicians, therefore some mathematicians are philosophers. In both the syllogisms, major premises are universal affirmative, that is we indicate as capital A propositions. Minor premises are particular affirmative, that is high propositions, and the conclusions are particular affirmative propositions that we write as capital I, high propositions. Therefore the syllogisms are moved off, are moved, are off, moved, all, but their form is different. In order to show how the syllogisms, two syllogisms differ in forms, we have to replace the terms of the propositions that is the major term, minor terms, and the middle terms by the letters P, S, and M respectively. The forms of the two syllogisms are as follows. All P is M, some S is M, therefore some S is P. The second example you take, all M is P, some M is S, therefore some S is P. Their differences lies in the fact that the position of the middle term is different in the two syllogisms. In the first, the middle term is the predicate in both the premises, whereas in the second, the middle term is the subject in both the premises, thus it is seen that these two syllogisms in spite of having the same mood are different in form. The mood of syllogism cannot completely tie in the form of a syllogism. The form of a syllogism may be completely described by stating its mood and figure. Now, dear learners, you have to know another very basic concept. In case of standard form of categorical syllogism, that is figure, now dear learners, you see figure indicates the position of the middle term in the syllogism. Now, as you know that middle term is that term which occur in both the premises. Depending on the position of the middle term in the premises, we have four different figures those syllogisms may have. The middle term may be the subject of the major premise and predicate term of the minor premise or it may be the predicate term of both the premises. Or it may be the subject term of both the premises. Or it may be the predicate term of major premise and subject term of the minor premise. These different possible positions of the middle term constitute the first, second, third and fourth figure respectively. Dear learners, the four figures are schematized in the following area. Now you can see the blackboard. The four figures, you see the blackboard. Now dear learners, you see the first figure that is M is the first figure. Now you see the second figure. Now you see the second figure that is, this is second figure. And the third figure you see, third figure you see M P M S M S then S P. So first figure, second figure, third figure. Then the last one that is fourth figure. Last one you see that is fourth figure. P M M S therefore S P. So this is all about the four figures. First figure, second figure, third figure and fourth figure. Dear learners, does the mood and the figure together constitute the form of the standard form categorical syllogisms? There are four kinds of propositions. A, E, I, N, O. A syllogism has got two premises. Hence we may have 16 possible moods in each figure. Again, there are four figures. So we have 16 into 4, 64 possible moods in all the four figures. Again, each of the 16 four combinations may have four forms. Thus in this sense, there are 64 into 4, 1256 moods in all the four figures. Out of these 256 moods, some are valid and some are invalid. Now, dear learners, after going through these concepts, you have to test yourselves. So there are some questions given to you. You have to answer. So first one, what is standard form categorical syllogism? Second one, what are the three terms occur in standard form categorical syllogism? Question three, what is mood? And how many figures are in syllogism? Question four. Question five, fill out the blanks. So there are some questions given to you. A categorical syllogism contains dash terms. Figure indicates the position of the dash term, dash, and dash constitutes the standard form categorical syllogism.


Meanwhile, President Balati Nubuan Thursday held a closed-door meeting with the 14th Amy of Karno and former governor of the central bank of Nigeria, Sanusi Lamedo Sanusi, other state house. Sanusi's visit is the first since the president assumed office and it comes barely one week after the president suspended Godbunna Mirfele as the CBN governor. Sanusi served as CBN governor from June 2009 to June 2014 when the Mirfele took over from him. The president and I are all friends, he's my brother. We've been friends since his first term as governor of Lagos State when I was a banker and I have not seen him since the elections. I wanted to give him time to settle down so the first reason was to come and congratulate him formally. But also I wear many caps. I wear the cap of an economist so I came to thank him for the steps he has taken to put this economy on course. As you know, many of the issues that we have been talking about, the subsidy that has caused a haemorrhage on the fiscals, the multiple exchange rate regimes and so on, these are issues that I have personally been talking about for a long time and I'm happy that on his very first day he has addressed these issues and the markets are happy and it is important when the government does the right thing for us to give them feedback. It's not always when they do a wrong thing that you complain. So he has started on such a strong footing as far as the economy is concerned that we have to come and support and encourage that we continue along that path and be advocates for the policy he has pursued.


We're going to spend a lot of time today talking about practicing medicine in the 21st century. We'll consider the drivers of new models of care, the emerging evidence and identify where we need more evidence, and explore the policy and operational challenges to broad adoption of telehealth. Telehealth is critical for providing better access to care for our members, to make it easier for our practitioners to reach our members and vice versa. It's incredible the way telehealth has organically developed both in health care and in our organization as a whole over the last several years. I think it offers us a real opportunity to increase access. It is really difficult in many health systems, perhaps with the exception of places like Kaiser Permanente, to access care when and where you need it. And I think the potential for thinking through what delivery system reform, what reimbursement reform looks like to get us to the use of telehealth to drive improvements is really critical. The VA is a rather large integrated health care system. We take care of over six million patients per year at more than 1200 sites of care. But we also have to take care of patients across the entire American geography, including in places where we don't have a physical presence. And telehealth is really a critical strategy for us to provide access to health care to America's veterans regardless of where they are and to make sure that we're delivering a high quality experience. The benefit of bringing a group together like this with diverse thoughts, with diverse backgrounds really is what it's going to take to propel this forward. It's not one organization or one particular discipline. It's the collective together. Policymakers need to think about the barriers that have been created, sometimes for very good reasons in order to keep in check care that was delivered under a volume-based payment system. But now that we're moving to value-based payment systems, there's really the ability to think about new payment models that would encourage the kinds of innovations like telehealth that have the potential in the right way to disrupt care delivery as it is delivered now and really create a much more convenient, much more access-oriented, much more expeditious form of healthcare that we frequently have at this moment. We recognize that there is great demand to take what we have learned about technologies that are now carried in the hands of people around the country and the implications that that could have for the care that they receive and their access to expertise. We need to embrace that, we need to understand it, we need to learn it, we need to use it, we need to make it available to those that we serve. The people in this room, the people engaged in this conversation today are the thought leaders around the country and here in Washington, D.C. that can help shape the policy environment that makes telehealth available to folks that we serve and makes it realize its full potential.


Welcome back everybody, I'm Frosted Fricks. There is a game I'd like to talk about today and it's an indie action first-person horror adventure game made by Cybot Studios called Doorways the Underworld. This title is available in the GG Influencer project and one of many games you can find on there to download and review. You can find this and more in your Freedom Dashboard. In this game you are playing as Thomas Foster, a special agent who must track a missing psychopath. Who is she? What is this place? How did you get here? There are several additions to this game, this being the third installment. However, according to the developer, you don't actually have to play them to understand the story. At the first look of the game, it would appear that it carries several similarities between Craven Manor with a slight influence of Outlast. So keep in mind, this is a horror game, probably not for the faint of heart. Doorways the Underworld came out on September 2014 and since then on Steam, it has had mostly positive reviews. Also, might I mention, this game does feature full controller support, Steam achievements and Steam trading cards. The developer Cybot Studios has focused entirely on the Doorways series rather than building other titles and because of this they've been able to focus on the gameplay, the puzzles and even more of the horror aspect. They have released the total of four installments of the game, each having their story, art styles and graphics upgraded and each being even more frightening than the last. Cybot Studios has maintained the site Doorways.com and communicates with its community once every two months about the game series, the most recent being in August of this year. Again, this game is available on your Freedom Dashboard under the Game Giveaways tab on the left and can be found in the Bronze tier section. Reviewers, you are just a click away from what I can only imagine to be a really decent scare. Thank you all very much for watching and I look forward to seeing your reviews on Freedom.  Please tell me in the comment section below if you like this idea and again, thank you all very much for watching and as usual and as always my friends, stay frosty and game on.


This meeting is quite important. This meeting concluded the result of one year implementation of each action line. During this forum, there were discussions on each action line where all participants give examples of best practice, show their interests in these concrete action lines, raised challenges, and also give some proposals what they want to go further for that. Because I think it's a general view that we couldn't say, okay, 10 years passed, we already have, and everybody live in information society, solving all problems, all targets, what we stayed 10 years ago. This year the most important because it's 10 years estimation of result, of implementation of these outcomes. This should be done as what agreed in Tunisia at General Assembly high level meeting. And now it should be in June, it should be start preparation to this event according to the UNGA resolution. But concerning the action lines, and we spoke about this meeting because this meeting mainly for action life facilitators, for action lines, ITU to go with other involved UN agency, organize this is plus 10 high level event just a year ago in June 2014, where we developed through multi-stakeholder preparatory platform to very important document, statement of implementation of these outcomes where we defined what was the result of implementation, and what challenges, and what emerging we receive from this process of implementation. And also we develop another document, this is plus 10 vision on period beyond 2015, where we defined priorities, where we agreed what and how action line should be updated because during this period 10 years we receive some new technologies, some new social events and social ideas. I could give you very few examples. For instance, it's broadband, it's mobility, it's a social network, internet of things, and others, and they give us necessity to update, upgrade these action lines. It doesn't mean that we solve all problems, we define what problems still is valid, but we defined what we should do there for action line, and we agreed that this forum should continue. Then it should be continued measurement, it's very important because if you have some targets, if you have some proposal, it should be estimated, it should be measured to know where we are, how we real implement what we agreed before. That's why it's very important that in the document that we should agree in the younger, all these ideas, what we agreed during this is plus 10 event also be included, and this work will be continued.


Right, and she, when it came down to her situation, she dealt with Pee, and Baby, hands-on. Yeah. She don't go, anything that was dealing with no living to cash money. She talked to the two bosses. She didn't have, she, they didn't want to go through nobody. They told her, no, you don't talk, you talk to us. Yeah, we on boss talk one on one. How important, how important of a part that Pee just play for is in the music, which I know it was important, but how, when you look at it from when y'all first started? Every artist's success came through this place. Every artist. Because she said that no other store did the hip-hop, they wouldn't take the hip-hop. Because of the one group she had cursed and all of that. Right. But did she tell you the store in Gentilly is where Pee found Mia? Right. That's what, that, that, I asked her about that. But she didn't, she didn't mention which store. Which store. That's what I was trying to get. So, and I told her, I said, man, she worked for, she worked for Peaches as well. Right. And it was like family. And she said, it's hard to get her story, I cut everybody's family. She ain't playing about that. Yeah. I got some insight. And I heard that Mia X used to work for y'all. Yeah. She's like, she is like my daughter, honestly. And so. She lived with me. She lived with you. Oh wow. I mean, we always like share everything.  The kids, you know, we all, we're all the same. Everybody's family. And she don't want to say too much because she's like, she wants the people to tell their own story. All stories. Right, right, right. So what she did say that Mia did was living with her for a while or two. Oh yeah. Yeah. Because it's like, one thing I could say is that anytime it was to a point to where the artist had success and it kind of fell on hard times. Yeah. She gave them a job at a store. Oh, that's dope. I didn't know that part. That's really, and that's special, bro. She's too humble to say she embraced the culture. She embraced it. She helped push it. You know, she pushed the artist. She's solely music. And then if hard time fails, they had a place for them for employment. Wow. So this place. They helped get them back off their feet. Right. I know. Definitely. Because she was saying that, because a lot of y'all were young kids who didn't know how to market yourself, didn't know how to get the music out there. She said she would send a lot of the records to the big labels to get them to sign you on. Really? She would do it. Yeah, everything to try to make sure. She did say that. That's dope, man. Like I said, that ain't, and that's God. Like I told her, man, you got to be special to be able to be able to keep those relationships going. She said she sent him. Yeah, she sent him. She said she sent him. He said all of them like that. If they dealt with her, she was going to try to help at the utmost is what I'm hearing. Right. And she, when it came down to her situation, she dealt with Pee and Baby hands on. Yeah. She, she don't go, anything that was dealing with no limited cash money. She talked to the two bosses. She didn't have, she, they didn't want to go through nobody.  They wanted to make sure she talked to the right because they know how instrumental she was in, you know, the success, you know, of the artist and those companies. That's amazing. Yeah.