Hello, I'm Brendan Howell and today I'm going to talk about teaching graphic design foundations using free Libra and open source software So the title I came up with is this kind of fancy word praxeology Hope it's not too pretentious, but it's a kind of a nice word. So let me let's just see what the dictionary says it means they say that Praxeology is the deductive study of purposeful human action and conduct Sounds good So it's very reflective I think for people learning to use new tools and exploring the possibilities of new media That sounds like a good approach so I thought that was a nice word to frame things and I Gave it this subtitle though About how I'm getting away with teaching this subject using software. That's maybe not the officially sanctioned tool and I guess the reason I say that some people might say well, it's a bit negative or it's a bit at least uncertain and I think that comes from my own experience that when I suggest sometimes to people that they try using Something that's a bit outside the mainstream maybe or at least unconventional That people get a bit skeptical Sometimes even hostile so I was kind of surprised and quite pleasantly surprised that it's it's been working out pretty well, so I'm going to share some of the successes and Some of the ideas and approaches and things well there's some failures too But for the most part that talk about the positive aspects of how well this is has been working for me so in 2015 someone approached me and asked if I wanted to teach temporarily for a year in Brunswick or Braunschweig Germany at the University of Arts there Now this is the it's maybe not as famous as some of the other schools But it is the second biggest art school in Germany and it has a very Like a classic fine arts basis. It's not it's not coming from the more Industrial applied arts. It's coming from a fine arts tradition so They wanted someone who in my case I said well, are you sure you want me? I'm not a proper. I'm not a graphic designer and they said no no we want For the foundations here. It's important even though and my department is visual communication It's important that we start with this fine arts tradition both for the digital and for the analog techniques and so My my colleague She teaches the the more analog foundations and I teach the digital of course we have a lot of overlap We do projects together, but we both are coming from arts traditions and or also Some technical things in my case. I studied engineering did my first degree in that and then my second degree was in fine arts so I Told them yeah, I'm not a designer and they said no we we don't want some agency Heinz coming in and and Limiting the the ideas too early later on and in other course work Of course, they will do things that are more applied, but initially we want them to have this fine arts tradition and a wide base of possibilities and aesthetic practices So I said okay and Then I said but the other thing the other stipulation I have is I want to do this with with floss Software and they said hmm. Okay, sure And they were basically unhappy with the the situation they felt that things have become a bit a bit stayed in the last few years in terms of software and that Also that the licensing situation had changed and people weren't so excited about the the conventional tools that have been frankly More or less the same. I mean they've been updated, but they haven't changed dramatically in about 25 years So they were interested in and what I had to offer So I was sort of skeptical after our meeting But then they called me back and said okay, you've got the job Okay, then I need to come up with a curriculum. I need to come up with some way of Taking all this software that I talked about and making it fit into this particular In this case we had a module description So I had some requirements even though they give me a certain carte blanche in terms of the details So the four main areas of the course are the following Pixels and lines I stole this from some people in the past been involved with the Libra graphics meeting Hope they don't mind. I'm pretty sure it's alright Pixels and lines are sort of especially for 2d, which is mostly what the the stuff we're doing is 2d are the main Ways of representing images in the computer. So we've got raster based images and vector based images and Yeah, I'll get more into how we deal with that later The second major topic area is reading and writing machines. So text and typography, but also the idea of how we work with texts how we write how we read so that also touches on a lot of areas of interaction and Well, how we tell stories narratives The next topic area is camera vision and Again, this is one where it's not just Photography or photography and film we get into animation and then of course things have gotten kind of weird with photography Lately and pretty interesting. So there are a lot of new possibilities new ways of What some people have called non-human photography and Some new ways of seeing that involve the computer sort of doing the looking for us and so we play with things like sensors image processing You know some even a little bit of AI we need to at least be aware of what's going on there even if we're not going to get deep into the the actual algorithms and Then the last topic area Is what I call metamachines. So that would be programming of course, but also Anything that's very dynamic. So if you're dealing with something that's interactive, whether it's web or Applications, but also the the other thing and this is another one that sort of started to change a lot that if You know one of the criticisms that I have of these more conventional conservative tools is They are based on an old idea They're sort of imitating the old analog way of producing that you make an image and you go into the dark room And you enlarge it and then you do all these things more or less by hand And you do those of course now with a screen and a mouse But you're still doing these individual operations manually Sometimes that's good and great, but sometimes it might be more interesting And this is where designers some designers are starting to think about things in terms of generating images so that you design a machine and Then you put some input or some data or some triggers which then output an image based on a system of rules and Algorithms that the designers developed. So this is another way of where I'm talking about metamachines so Now at the same time we need to maybe look at some actual concrete examples like what what are we actually doing here and I talk about pixels and lines But one of the things we're doing is we actually Well, maybe it's a bit mean of me But I actually start off by having everyone install a text editor Because I want to deal with media not applications. I love certain applications and I think that's great But I think the later you start with them the more Open your mind is to other possibilities and ways of of doing things with a particular medium So we're working with pixels and lines, but we start off by using a text editor to make picks maps and bitmaps Manually it's a bit maybe a little bit cruel It's it's certainly a labor intensive, but we just do some brief assignments initially Where before we start working with the mouse and the GUI and all those nice cool features that the Software gives us we do it by hand and we actually see What those pixels really are as data and we think about it in a different way and the same with SVG We make SVG vector graphics By hand we code them by hand and of course that means that a lot of things that are really easy and say inkscape are Nearly impossible So it actually is an interesting set of aesthetic constraints and the students start to sometimes develop At least within the context of these assignments some really cool minimalist aesthetics and approaches and The images they make and they start to see this themselves the images They make are different than the ones that they would make when they're presented with the the convenient access to more advanced techniques So next we then start using the GUI so we use graphical tools, but these are not the tools that are the conventional ones that you find in professional design agencies are using Well, some of them are but they're not as widespread. They're not the market theaters, so to speak so Gimp, Krita, Inkscape, things like that and Part of the point of this is not necessarily to say that this is better or this is it's more to say that There are a lot of different ways to work with say vector graphics and their different programs and each program has its own idiosyncrasies its own advantages its own tricks and We need to see it that way and be flexible and see it as a medium rather than a Specific tool that you must master and only use that one tool Next is has to do with self-sufficiency So I encourage well, I don't encourage all of my students each one has a laptop and for those that have money problems, we figure something out where they can either borrow one or buy something used and They are in charge of maintaining and doing installation updates Deleting managing all their stuff they have to handle their own IT on some personal level and Then on top of that then we then say okay DIY do it yourself. There's DIWO, which I stole from further field. I think they came up with that term DIWO is do it with others. So we also have to share our knowledge We have to understand that the tech world is huge and complicated and nobody can understand it all So we need to help each other out and so we do workshops for each other Internally on different and students can decide what topics they're interested in somebody has a special interest in music. They do something with a lot of us or with audacity or whatever and It works out pretty well and it actually it's interesting because then the students become personally invested in in these things once they are forced to explain them to other people and Then another important approach is to say there's not a right way of doing things that you can actually do really cool things by using the tool wrong and You can make glitchy images. You can hack things. You can force one form of data into another and You can use trash aesthetics. You can make illustrations using a spreadsheet You can sample and cut and paste. So this is also something that where Open source really excels is letting you tweak things and make them do something that maybe they weren't necessarily intended to do but they give a cool visual result So finally that the the the general idea is that every designer is also a kind of Inventor that you have to invent your own technique or process and that expression is something that is Active it's something that comes out of Action out of decisions that you take in the process of producing something and the result is it's a record of that So finally, how do I get away with it? That's sort of coming back to this idea of getting away with it So how I use these sort of Limitations and constraints, but I say this is only temporary After this is done you can then you don't have to do this again You don't have to use this particular program or this medium or this way It's it's a way of saying like this was a way to understand it But now it's your choice and because it's presented as a wide World of possibilities, then I think students don't feel as as forced into using one program or another and they feel like there's more diversity that's open to them and In a way the students start to like these constraints They like to push against the rules to play with this that okay, I'll make an image with this But then I'll cheat by If I'm not supposed to use text. I'll use Certain shapes that look like text And then there are just so many different Ways of then combining things that's another thing that is interesting instead of having one tool and doing one thing and one tool And that's done and it's a sort of Autonomous work then they they sort of mix and match and flow from one thing to the other so they have more of a At least at a certain point in their development of ideas a more improvised process rather than something that's based on one tool using it one way and In the end we have a lot of fun making cool stuff And I think that's really the thing that's most convincing to anyone is if you can enjoy the process of using a piece of software and enjoy the result that You're gonna like it no matter who made it or how it was sold to you So I want to encourage everyone if you haven't or if you're feeling shy go for it. Try it.  I've been doing this for five years. It was supposed to be one year and they've extended this and I'm still having fun and I'm really eager to hear about other Experiences that people have teaching with flaws Thank you so I scroll back here. There are a couple of Questions So what about DIWO? Yeah, so there's an organization and arts organization that does a lot of work with the web and new media and stuff in the UK that's called further field and that was where I first heard it that they had a series of I think basically workshops that they called DIWO as a sort of contrast a sort of joke that that was sort of up the opposite but like an alternative to DIY that it was collectively based and that's something that I always do in the The second semester each the students have to make small groups and then They give each other they just sort of pick a topic sometimes it's a topic. They don't know much about but they're curious like last year there was one on DJing they were interested in like beats and DJ stuff so they used mix and did basically like DJ workshop in the classroom so I teach It's called Foundations of digital communication Sorry Yes to repeat the question was that what what's the actual course that I teach so I teach It's in the department of visual communication so basically the the profile for the students is is graphic design and The course that I teach is called Fundamentals of digital communication The the other one the the sort of complementary course that's the analog media is called foundations of Artistic techniques or something like that, but essentially there our courses are somewhat overlapping, but one is the more analog media and one is more digital, but of course We all know none of these things are really that easy to delineate Okay The other question Glad you like the sign.  Yeah, no the presentation actually recorded like two days ago. So that's yeah I just changed my shirt for you guys The age level so this is university. It's the first year of university and So my students are Some of them are coming straight from high school in Germany usually you're Like 18 or 19 when you graduate I have had I think once or twice students who were not quite 18 when they started the course but I also have it's It's not rare for students to either Start studying something else or work for a few years or do some vocational training So a lot of my students are maybe 25 and some are even in their 30s when they start studying this but it is the first year of And it's a it's a BA. It's a four-year BA program. Yeah Okay, so the question About how to survive with floss tools in industry That's the one that I I realized that was part of where some of the the pushback was coming is the students were like Yeah, but that's not what that's not professional and so I Started to talk with them about that and I guess the biggest example I showed them was that I showed them one which was a job ad for an unpaid Internship where they demanded this huge list of basically all of the popular commercial software and then I had another one which was for an art director who was you know working on a pretty high level for a really big corporation and That job had no references none to any particular software packages because what they were interested in were conceptual skills and Personal skills and your ability to develop ideas It's this it was assumed that these kind of you know questions of whether you make the pixels or the vectors in this program or the Other were irrelevant when you're working at that level So I I use that to try to convince the students that the important thing is not that you got Program or popular common programs listed on your resume Everybody's gonna have that and the other thing is that these things change sometimes, you know, there's a few that are very Established and they don't you know, we know which ones they are but there's also a few that are They come and go, you know like within five years by the time you finish studying a bunch of these companies are gonna be bust Or they're gonna be bought up and the products are gonna be turned off I mean people who do 3d, you know, this is like every couple of years something cool comes up And then a few years later it then disappears from the market. So I Try to convince them that what they need are sort of meta level skills and that they need an understanding If they have a good understanding of pixels when a new cool program comes out, whether it's commercial or not They can use that With the de-factor tools All right, wait, hold on. I'm looking at the I think I'm getting out of order here. Do I ever have pushback? Yeah, definitely. I mean it happens and sometimes I have to be a little bit Strict about it, but I also say look this is about artistic fundamentals. You don't in in the analog class you don't complain When you're using I don't know I mean they have ones where they're supposed to use like a giant paintbrush as a sort of restriction as a sort of Constraint to their creativity and they don't complain about the brand of paintbrushes or the type of things And that's sort of one way that I try to argue is that I'm teaching you Meta level skills and that if you understand You know good rules of composition of color of Different ways of doing layout. It doesn't really matter of what particular Tool you're using that you're going to be able to if you have a general adaptability with software because you used a lot of stuff And you're not uncomfortable about using something different and it's not a big deal then to say, okay Cork expresses and hit penny more than I'm going to try this. I understand typography. This is typography and That's to my mind more important and sometimes I have to push a little bit but The way I've broken things down into small pieces. I say like, okay We'll tell you what next week if you want you can use the big commercial program this week You're gonna use this one, but it's still Typography or vector graphics or whatever you don't need to You know feel like you're wasting your time Okay Do I yeah, I teach halftime. So the question was if I teach full-time or not. Yeah, so I teach halftime and I do some freelance stuff. It's kind of it depends. I mean I've done some You know more like very commercial stuff for for startups You know either front-end or other mostly front-end Development for web based stuff, but also I do with my favorite work is I do for artists and museums I do sort of technical things. So video artists who need multi-channel installations or The the German Railway Museum one of my best customers. We really have fun building a lot of interactive Exhibits for them and I do the all that with with thoughts wouldn't be possible without it Okay Question our students curious about praxeology is praxeology something I teach why this name. Um, I Don't know. I just actually I don't use the term that much in I mean I teach in German So I would have to figure out what if I could translate that even but I do I mean I do like this idea that that our practice is reflective that it's about what tools we use and how and It's not just about okay. These are the officially sanctioned tools. This is the way you produce images It's sort of like well All right, here's a sort of an area that's interesting How do you want to make it? It's up to you that's part of your job as a designer is to think about the tools and the process and You know, that's that's what makes it interesting and that's also what makes the images the results actually interesting So I do incorporate that that reflective aspect of it. Of course. Yeah How many weeks do I My syllabus it's two semesters. So The meta yeah the meta one is because it involves programming that's sort of It's one that I should repeat the question more explicitly. How many weeks do I teach the syllabus and This is from East East also wants to know more about the meta Meta machines I think was the part of the program. So yeah, that's Our semester is I think 14 weeks and there's two semesters. So it's a 28 weeks So it's a year basically one school year two semesters that the the program goes over and The meta machines that one is more about dynamic stuff So it depends on on what we're doing So I would say programming and I teach programming right now I've done it with various different techniques. So it's cool to see the presentation about About Python and processing because I've been using processing in various different Forms for a number of years and lately. I've been doing P5 JS Just because it's really the online editor is really useful It's helpful to be able to you know, and students run into trouble. They just send me a link to their code and I can go look at it and And That's one of the tougher subjects, but it's also one of the subjects where people really start to see how cool floss is so But I would say this meta machines thing. I wouldn't limit it to that. I would say even something like You could even argue that using templating systems and CSS are kind of meta machine that you don't have That as a designer you come up with a system and then you pour the content into it and that Will come out differently. It's not that you lay out every little thing by hand the way you would in say a classic Page layout software. So I like I qualify that also as a sort of meta machine Okay What's the piece of software that my students choose to use the most? I Think it varies. I mean it also varies like depending on the year I would say this year a bunch of students are really into Krita like they really like it they did a big animation project with that and they had a lot of fun I also had some trouble as it is, you know, especially with animation you end up Huge files or conversion problems this kind of stuff. It's normal, but that one is definitely big I mean gimp is very popular just because it's a good general tool when you need to just quickly whip up something it's It really offers itself as the quick solution But it's it's a huge variation and then I guess the one thing that everyone uses definitely a lot is text editor so, yeah Do so question from myself himself Do you tie your classes with maker space machines or techniques 3d printing laser cutting Vacuum forming or am I focusing just on software and electronics? Yeah for the most part It's mostly software. The one thing I like to do is We print a lot and we we like to make like the students my students especially love making books so like we did something recently where we were making comics and So In terms of real physical stuff printing is big the other one that we do a lot is the plotter so we have an axi draw and One of the first vector assignments is to then make some diagrams using axi draw and that one's always a lot of fun and interesting To see what people do there and also it's great because that works with Inkscape and it doesn't work so well with the commercial stuff at least not directly But in terms of more Yeah, like sort of 3d printing or laser cutting we do usually do one workshop with the industrial designers every year Where they work together this year we're gonna do a combined workshop where we make Board games with the industrial designers, so we'll make teams where there's a couple of graphic designers or visual communicators from our department and then The the the students from industrial design who then will help you know Making well not necessarily board games, but but tabletop physical real games Yeah So we do but it's mostly in collaboration then How do students react with the change of formats the duality between open and closed formats? I'm not sure I mean they definitely see some advantages there I mean some of it is that they're very pragmatic, so You know and I encourage them also to do things like if somebody's having trouble making the perfect layout just for like a You know showing work in progress then we'll just use an office program and Slap your stuff in there. It doesn't have to be perfect. It can have a sort of some punk trash aesthetic Maybe for this point in time, so they they're ready to to improvise and I guess for them They don't get so much into those debates although they do they start to see things with certain situations like with copyright for example You know, I Encouraged them. There's a lot of assignments where I say, okay, you can use appropriation, but it needs to be from Archive or something like that. So it's we talk about a lot about copyright and also about the advantage of things like the web where you can view source and how Other formats like say flash or director. They died because in part they weren't open enough that you couldn't Just go in and sort of steal cool tricks from other people. Okay Are many students interested in contributing that's one I think maybe I need to work on more is getting them more involved in and actually Interacting with the floss community because I think that's one area where Once people start doing that then they suddenly they can at least get really excited and they feel like it's a totally different thing you know a monolithic corporation versus Community where you just show up in the chat room and say like hey I'm having problem with this and then one of the main developers, you know response to you directly or something like that I think that's a really It's the special thing that only floss can offer you maybe some really small commercial projects but for the the most part you you don't get that and and then I Think it's something that you can also build on that students, you know feel like wow I actually had some influence that it's actually a thing of That it exists in the social space and it's not just a product, you know the sort of shiny bubble that you go to a store and you buy and Consume and either satisfies you or probably it doesn't after a certain amount of time and you throw it away and you buy a new one I'm getting maybe a bit to pull it up here but yeah Definitely they they they do start to see in some contexts how this is interesting But I think I do need to maybe push my students to try to engage with the community more Okay, are any of Activities assignments documented somewhere for others to try and adapt in different contexts Um Yeah, that is something I have been terrible about my own notes are kind of like a mess of Stuff and I've only just started to and in some ways this whole viral situation has pushed me to be a Bit tidier about that kind of stuff and to try and so I've started to make a website I'm not ready to make it public but I've been trying to Make it at least for the students and then I think Maybe in a month or so and I've got more of the material sort of edited and cleaned up that I can then Publicize the url and people can start to look at it because I really would like I think it's it's stuff that maybe other people could use like I think I think that's sam asking about that Because I really like the for example you had an svg Demo that you did recently is gorgeous. It's really nice and I showed it to a few students and they liked it And I think the stuff along those lines could be really useful Um Another question from myself himself Do I feel that students sometimes miss basics in classical art history or lack art cultural knowledge? um Yeah, not so much with at least with my students art history is Fairly okay, and I can sort of fill in the gaps there What does Seem to be missing as a certain amount of design history. So I try to show them a lot of examples Especially when you get into things like vector graphics or typography or you know, I've done assignments before where we say, okay, let's find You know, let's find some Bauhaus 2d work and let's make it uh in the web, you know, we'll figure out floats and we'll do a mondrian. Okay, that's Pete spot. That's not Bauhaus. But you know what? I mean the sort of classic stuff some of it actually translates really well to some of these Either svg or or web formats Um, so I try to fill things in there But the one where I make a special effort in terms of Cultural knowledge is more the history of computing. So there's a lot of things like everyone knows about Steve Jobs and Bill Gates and this sort of mythology. But to me, I feel like it's not It's not really accurate that the mythology That I think is maybe more inspiring and interesting is to look at Um Well, first all the women who were involved in early computing and so I'll show them you know, I'll I try to show them images and and and talk about people who were involved in early computing who don't look like heroic business executives and uh So we try to show that also a lot of the the artists who were involved with experiments, you know EAT and stuff in the 60s The experimenting with with media that I think those are useful backgrounds and in terms of cultural knowledge Question from Javier are all my students Germans or do I have international students to does it change something? Yeah, definitely. I have Yeah, usually several international students every year I mean here in Germany, generally if it's a bachelor program, it's still taught in German and I teach in German So it does change things and it's interesting That's the one area also where open source Is doing a pretty good job like translations are good you know or things like like the the mdn the web the docs from mozilla are in most uh These bigger languages that are really well translated. It's it's great stuff So it does change things and that's one area where um open source can at least for projects that are popular enough to have good translations that students are like oh, wow cool this uh You know gimp works in korean and it's it's kind of exciting to people then to see that Um another question is this still being taught in corona times? During video conferences. Yeah, I am I will be honest. I kind of Hate teaching online Even though i'm I know it's ironic. I'm in a sort of a digital person. I love the internet. I've been using it for since I was like 16 and You know way back in the 90s But um, it's it's hard and it's I I just really missed that classroom context, so we're doing different things and I'm trying to experiment a little bit with Instead of these for this do it with others things since we can't do workshops that are as hands on That I'm offering the students then to let them do some experiments with streaming So whether they want to do play music or show videos and then we chat about them in parallel we're trying some stuff like that and Right now we're doing stuff with with p5js and using the online editor It's it's tough. It really is because there's something about being able to sit down next to somebody In front of a computer and look at things and talk about it that you You can't do as well when you're You know miles away from each other Axi draw. Yes Raphael. Thank you for the link. That's right That was the question about the plotter that we use the pen plotter. It's a bit expensive But it's pretty nice, but there are other ones. There are also ones that you can build yourself. Um Yeah So a question about how technically savvy are the incoming students and did I notice a change in their willingness to accept Modifying are using digital tools differently. Okay, that's sort of two questions. Yeah um How technically savvy that's It really runs the gamut and the interesting thing is I find the more They like mobile phones or the more Shall we say Active they are and using their mobile phones the worst they are technically it's harder the ones who are um in some ways The who do really well are the ones who are more used to they're coming from more of a pc culture Or they're used to sort of installing things and updating things and dealing with I don't know The driver problem or something like that. Whereas with the mobile phone all of the apps are generally I mean some of them are you barely need to be literate. So they're kind of Uh They don't expect you as a user to be able to Think for yourself that much. So it's it's tougher. You know, some of them even occasionally have students who have a hard time understanding Files and what files are and how the file system works and where things are in their computer um But sometimes I find it's very interesting that I'll have students who come in Who are kind of they've avoided dealing with pc's like they sort of have their mobile phone And they do that But they're not heavy users and they generally are they love to draw and uh paint and things like that, but they're A little bit wary of the the computer as this sort of thing And so they show a little bit too much respect Maybe um And they're afraid of sort of breaking things or doing something wrong And so one of the things that helps is when we do uh an assignment with glitch And i'm like, yeah, you need to break your images and you're going to need to try a lot of different ways It won't look good or it'll look weirdly the wrong spot. It's kind of experimental or breaking things You can't really expect them to break in the way you plan So this is one and then there's other things that that help them sort of Loosen up and and feel like oh, okay. I don't have to understand everything completely and I don't have to do things in Some sort of prescriptive proper way and Some of these students end up being the ones who are actually they get really excited and they like Feeling the sense of a little bit of mastery But also that they can play with stuff and they end up going on to then be They started off as the least digital and then on the end of two semesters. They're Really into this stuff. They become kind of dirty Um So that's a sort of one one story of of of what happens in terms of the how tech savvy they are um And do I notice a change in their willingness to accept modifying or using digital tools? I guess maybe that story Answers your question. I'm not sure if you want you can ask a follow-up then I can see So a question related to printing I want to figure out a pipeline of flip book making from blender Could processing graphic layout rendering to per frame printing maybe using gmic Uh Could I show you this on the Sure, that sounds fun. That sounds like a cool concept. Yeah, and also the like a textbook case of Uh, yeah, how how floss tools enable you to do something that's not conventional or You know expected But the flexibility is there. So you can just do it. Okay. Ada Lovelace. Yeah, of course But also people like more more recent, um grace hopper, uh, you know, who Or less gave us modern programming languages, you know, or an hamilton who is You know the woman behind the Apollo Computer, you know, and the students most of my students don't know these people Women who are real pioneers and very important in the foundation of of modern computing Is that a toaster behind me? The silver object. No, it's uh, this thing here is a Like a lock box. I mean, there's nothing valuable in it. It's just some pens It's like an old thing that Yeah Okay Okay, I think that was the last question. Yeah, I mean I can hang out in the chat if people want to talk more but we can maybe um Yeah, and I'm really also one last thing. I'm really curious to hear about other people I know there's a lot of other people. I'm not the only one I've only done this because I saw what other people are doing What we're doing and I was like, okay, maybe I can get away with it too. All right. Thank you


How do filters remove particles from the air? It's tempting to think of air filters as microscopically small versions of kitsch and sieves which block large particles from getting through while letting small ones past. As we'll see though, this picture is rather misleading. Many types of air filters are made from tangled bangles of fine fibres. Together, these create narrow, convoluted pathways for the air to pass through them. For the really large particles, these filters actually do behave a little bit like a kitchen sieve by physically blocking the particles from getting through, but this is pretty much where comparisons with sieves end. To understand why, imagine for a moment a car speeding along a winding road. The car fits easily on the road, but if it's going too fast it won't be able to navigate the bends and you just know that at some point it's going to crash. It's the same for small particles speeding through an air filter. As the air twists and turns, the particles can't keep up and ultimately they end up crashing out and being caught. Because of their inertia, which just like the car depends on how massive they are and how fast they're going, they can't stay the course. But what about the smallest, lightest particles, those that can easily slip along the winding path the air takes? Amazingly, these are also captured efficiently, but for a very different reason. Because these particles are so small, they have very little inertia and they dance around as they're bombarded by the air molecules around them. This rather unusual behavior is called Brownian motion after the first person to observe it and as they dance, they end up colliding with the filter and being captured. So at the end of the day, it's not the smallest airborne particles that are the hardest to filter out, but the medium-sized ones, those that are too small to be captured through inertia, but too large to be captured through Brownian motion. And this is why, when manufacturers design and test air filters, they don't use the largest particles or the smallest ones, but they use the middle-sized ones, those particles that are just the right size to slip through and make it to the other side.


Welcome back to theCUBE's continuous coverage of AWS re-invent 2021. I'm Lisa Martin. This is our third day here on set. We've got two live sets, two remote studios, over a hundred guests on the program and a lot going on with AWS and its ecosystem of partners. I'm pleased to welcome back one of our CUBE alumni, Buddy Brewer, the GVP and GM of product partnerships at New Relic. Welcome back Buddy, good to have you. Thanks, it's great to be here. Great to be in an in-person event again, isn't it? No kidding, it's really amazing to see everybody out here and after spending so much time on Zoom calls, we had a lot of really great moments among the team in the booth, playing the game of seeing if people's height matched up with what your expectation was because so many of the people we work with, we've only known over Zoom. Yes, yes, and Zoom has been a savior for all of us. We've been doing so much recording on Zoom at the same time, it's great to be here in person and seeing what a safe job AWS has done with getting, I'm hearing upwards of 30,000 people in here that are here in person. So talk to me about, you lead the technology partnerships at New Relic, talk to me about that, about your role, and then we'll get into the partnership with AWS. Yeah, absolutely, well the point about Zoom, it's fascinating, like you said, that just having the ability to communicate with people has been such a key enabler of being able to make progress and to continue to lead our personal and our professional lives despite the pandemic. I mean, imagine what it would have been like if this had happened 10 years ago, even but certainly 50 years ago or something like that, right? Like everything would have ground to a halt and technology took on such an amazing, you know, critical role in allowing us to do all of these things. And so at New Relic, we're all about helping people make sure that all of this software works correctly. And so observability helps people understand the detail level about everything from the front end, the end user experience to every single piece that happens along the path of delivering that experience all the way down to the infrastructure and to the network. But my role in New Relic is also to help all of the other tools that software developers use every day to create those experiences, that they connect into their observability platform so that they can understand all those details and make sure that people are able to continue doing things that have become really so basic to life like ordering groceries or getting food or, you know, communicating with a loved one over something like that. Yeah, the things that we, to your point, if this had happened, you know, five, 10 years ago, it would have been a completely different story. We've been able to function really well. And one of the things too that, you know, I noticed yesterday and today, you probably did as well with the Plethora, typical AWS, right, the Plethora of announcements, the amount of innovation that's going on, the customer flywheel that we've just seen this acceleration of technology and what it's enabling. But the observability portion is really key. You talk about, you know, the developers need to, that whole SDLC, they need to be able to understand exactly what's going on because at the end of the day, whether it's a consumer or an enterprise of the other end of the spectrum, we need to know exactly what's going on because people's patience is far thinner these days. The pandemic showed us that there is really no, having access to real-time data isn't a luxury anymore. It's really a necessity. That's right, yeah, absolutely. Talk to me about some of these. So a lot of announcements coming out from AWS. You guys, talk to me about the partnership that you guys are doing there and some of the things that are exciting on that front. Yeah, AWS is a really key partner for us. We're big users of AWS ourselves for our observability platform and all of our infrastructure. And we've had our own journey as a 13-year-old business that started out pre-cloud and moving our own infrastructure to the cloud. And then along that journey, we've worked closely with AWS and we've built a lot of joint solutions to help people who are moving to the cloud themselves or who are cloud native to understand all of the details about what's happening in that software. So we have over 60 different integrations to all of the different tools with Amazon that you can use on the cloud from data storage to EKS on Fargate and all of that stuff. And then we recently announced a five-year strategic agreement with Amazon to make it even easier for customers to adopt New Relic if they're building in Amazon AWS. And so we're in their marketplace. We have an offering for startups, for people who are just getting started that provides really simple and fast on-ramps with discounts and things like that that's all designed to help people, software developers in particular, focus on what matters most to them which is building great experiences for their customers. You mentioned the SDLC and that's one of the things that, our mission at New Relic is to make observability a daily data-driven habit for developers across all phases of the software delivery life cycle. The problem with observability and how it's used today is that it's only used in the run phase by most people. They use it when the software's on fire to put the fire out. We believe that that telemetry has tremendous strategic value in the plan, build, and deploy phases of software development as well. And so partnerships like AWS allow us to unlock the accessibility of that data across all of those different phases for people who, you know, software developers are, as a result, in many ways of the things that we were talking about earlier with the expectations that the pandemic has placed on how software has to work. It's not an option. They're busier, they're under more pressure than they've ever been before. And so we want to help them relieve that pressure with tools to help them do their jobs better. That relieving that pressure is key. There is so much pressure on developers. I mean, these days from observability to security and that sort of thing. But it sounds like one of the things that you're also fundamentally doing is really shifting that observability left and helping them from a cultural perspective. It seems like almost a shift, but you're trying to make things easier for them giving them more tools and to unlock what they're not seeing right now. That's right, that's right. And, you know, the interesting thing about it is everyone realizes that observability is critical to, you know, successful software businesses. So for example, we did a survey recently of 1,300 software developers and IT decision makers and executives and found that among the C-level executives that were surveyed, 80% of them expected to increase their observability budget and 20% of those expected to increase it significantly. However, that same survey found that a very small percentage of those who we actually surveyed feel that they have a mature observability practice today. And when we unpack the reasons why in the survey, we found that most of them reduced down to basically this issue of they just don't have enough time to instrument all of the software, especially in a world where the shift to the cloud has driven a change in architecture where monoliths have been torn down and replaced by hundreds or maybe even thousands of microservices. And we're in an era now where if observability isn't really, really easy and incredibly fast and simple to execute on, then software developers can no longer instrument fast enough to keep up with the pace of the software that they're delivering. And so what that leads to is visibility gaps. Visibility gaps lead to poor customer experiences. And so what we're trying to do, and we've been on this massive simplification of our own platform to make it incredibly cost effective at just 25 cents a gigabyte for ingestion and really simple licensing, seat-based licensing, where you get access to all of our tools to make it really simple and to take simply minutes to get observability on all those different pieces. That simplicity is a word that we throw around a lot that it's really critical. And it's always interesting to understand how do you actually facilitate that? You talked about the 80-20 rule there. A lot of the organization's not on that maturity curve with observability. How this new relic and its ecosystem of partners like AWS, how do you help have those conversations within organizations in any industry to help them understand how you can actually simplify that and unlock that visibility? Knowing that it's not only a matter of software development, but it's a competitive differentiator. It's also something that can damage brand if they're not on top of it. Yeah, we launched a reimagined version of our partner ecosystem, really our entire integration ecosystem, about six weeks ago on October 13th called New Relic Instant Observability. And one of the central goals of New Relic IO, which we call it for short, is to make it take just like five minutes for people to instrument something. So in the old way, what people had to do is if they wanted observability, they had to go learn about an observability vendor, then they had to go install it, figure out how all that works, and then they could get to solving a problem, which might have just been simply instrumenting a Kafka. And so what we want to do is just keep people in that mode. If all you wanted to do was instrument Kafka, then go find the Kafka instrumentation tile on New Relic Instant Observability, and then there's a guided install process that takes you through that, and at the end, you've instrumented Kafka. And if you want to add something else, like EKS Fargate from Amazon, or if you want to add something else, like a Java service, you can simply click more of those guided installs and add within minutes in an incremental way without having to stop and do a whole vendor evaluation to do so. In fact, one of the other things that we launched recently is a free tier that's free forever. So there's no trial process or anything. You don't have to put in a credit card. If all you want to do is instrument this one thing right now, you can go through this process, provision a free account, where you get access to all of our functionality for one user, and ingest up to 100 gigabytes of telemetry data for free within minutes. And so what we're trying to do is take all of that adoption friction out so that people aren't fighting with their instrumentation so much. And again, they can get back to doing what they really want to do in the first place, which is build great experiences for their end users. Great experiences for the end users, but that translates to employee experience, that translates to end user customer experience, which translates back to brand reputation. I'm just wondering, you know, you're focused on the developers and we've been hearing a lot about that the last two and a half days. A big focus on developers has observability kind of escalated up in its evolution up the stand within organizations. Is this a C-suite concern? Is this a board level concern? Where does this fit now? And what's the vision of New Relic to deliver on that? With observability? Yes. Yeah, 90% of those that we surveyed and the survey that I was talking about felt that observability was not just a tool that they needed to use, but strategically critical to their business. And, you know, this goes back to, as we know, and especially as a result of the intensity on the importance of software coming out of the pandemic, your digital business is your business these days. And so if you don't understand what's happening in that software and you can't move quickly, then, you know, you're really in trouble in terms of trying to succeed in a highly competitive environment. And that goes back to, again, one of our core beliefs is that all of this telemetry data that people have been collecting about how their software operates is so useful in contexts outside of just when there's a problem in production. Imagine if you could take that information and you could actually put it inside the IDE, which is something that we did with a recent acquisition of a company called Code Stream. We can take this telemetry data and put it inside the IDE so that as developers are writing the software, they know where those issues are. You can click straight from a stack frame, for example, inside of our, where we show all of our errors and the capability called errors inbox and shoot right into your IDE and go see where the line of code is that caused that error. Shortening that feedback loop and unlocking this really big investment that a lot of companies make in telemetry data earlier in the software life cycle, we believe is the future of observability and we want to help people get there. Well, the future of observability is really key for organizations these days because as we've been hearing, every company these days has to be a data company. And it's one thing to say that. It's a whole other thing to be able to implement it and observability is absolutely critical to that. It's being able to take that data and apply it in different contexts to really enable that business to be digital, which is absolutely table stakes these days to be successful and to deliver that customer experience because ultimately that's what it's all about. Yeah, yeah, absolutely. And you know, the other thing that's really hard about this problem when I talk with our customers and we found this in the survey as well is that software developers don't just use one tool to create software. They use a lot of tools. In fact, 13% of those that we surveyed use 10 or more tools just for the observability piece. And so obviously we're always trying to expand organically what we do inside of our platform to cover more and more use cases. But an equally important part of our strategy if we really want to make observability a data-driven daily habit for people is to find all of those other really well-built, amazing tools that those developers use and find valuable ways to integrate with them. And so that's the other part of our ecosystem that we've built out is this ability to take all of the other tools that you use and wire them into New Relic. So that for example, if you're using, let's say, Lacework for security, then you can, you know, if someone's installed a Bitcoin miner onto your infrastructure somewhere, you can quickly navigate because of that integration from a poor customer experience through the infrastructure that's suffering maybe with, you know, a lot of memory pressure and a lot of CPU being used for this Bitcoin miner and then find out that through the integration where the miner was installed, how it got installed so that you can remediate those types of issues and connecting those pieces together, making software truly interoperable is another thing that's really critical to our mission at New Relic. It is critical to not only the developers but to organizations and their success as businesses these days. Buddy, thank you for joining me talking about what's going on at New Relic, what's new, how you're really empowering those developers and all of the downstream positive effects that that leads to. We appreciate your time. Thank you, thanks for having me. All right, her buddy, Brewer, I'm Lisa Martin. You're watching theCUBE, the global leader in live tech coverage.


Welcome to Microterrorz. Scary stories for kids. Where it's always the spooky season. Full of chills. Thrills. And spine-tingling spooks. Microterrorz are family-friendly frights for those ages 8 and up. And while our stories are for younger years, we are still talking about things that go bump in the night. And some children may not be able to handle what others can. Parental consent is recommended. Now for tonight's Microterrorz. Starved for detention. I walked into room 13 with my Pokemon book bag slung over my back. I wasn't sure what to expect over the next hour. I've never had detention before. This was a first for me, but I tried to take comfort in the fact that I actually didn't do anything wrong to begin with. It was a guilty-by-association kind of thing. Tommy Ferris and Danny Boy Fledgman were the ones who'd engaged in a hallway fistfight between classes. Abigail Myers and I just happened to step in to break them up. That's when a team of teachers filed out from the teacher's lounge and pulled all four of us away from one another. Mr. Rodan, my gym teacher, was the one who called my parents and allowed me to plead my case to them. I've always been an honest kid, something not everyone can say about themselves, so naturally my parents believed me. But there was no fighting the hierarchy of the school system. I was still required to serve the after-school detention with the other three kids involved. Room 13 was empty when I walked in. I was the first one there and picked the seat closest to the windows along the far wall. If I was going to be stuck here for the next hour, I at least wanted a good view of the beautiful weather outside. Tommy Ferris came in next, followed by the grumbling Danny Boy Fledgman. Abigail, the last of us to arrive, followed almost immediately by Mr. Rodan. He closed the classroom door and locked it, which I found odd. He was a large, intimidating man, but had the kindest demeanor. He was more encouraging in class than demanding. His personality and his physicality were complete contrasts of one another. I noticed the sweat on his shaved head like he had run to the classroom. There were even dark spots of perspiration on the armpits of his sleeves and back. He sat down at the desk and closed his eyes. One hour, he said, keeping his eyes shut. He then opened them and looked at us. One hour and you'll all be done. The other three kids didn't say anything in response, so maybe it was my inexperience with detention, but I thought that was an odd thing for him to say. You'll be done in an hour, Danny Boy growled at Tommy, in the parking lot, he added, smacking his fist against his palm. The slapping sound made Mr. Rodan stand up and approach Danny Boy. There'll be none of that, he shouted, startling Danny Boy and making him slink back in his seat. Tommy smirked. Abigail didn't look up and I just stared at the teacher. This wasn't the way Mr. Rodan usually acted. Something must have been on his mind. Mr. Rodan returned to his desk, sat down in his chair with a near-perfect posture, and stared directly at me. At first it was hard to remove my eyes from him. He was kind of frightening me, but I finally did. I looked out the window. I saw a police car out in the street, drive by slowly. Behind it was a second police car, which stopped just outside the school. I could see the officers inside, exchanging a brief dialogue with one another, but then they pulled away and followed the other cruiser out of sight. I looked back at Mr. Rodan. He hadn't removed his gaze from me. It took a sneeze from Abigail to interrupt his stare. He snapped his head to her next and focused his eyes on her. A chill went down my spine when I saw him lick his lips while holding his stare. She didn't seem to even notice. How sick, I thought, what was wrong with him? I heard a low groan next. Someone's stomach had growled in extreme hunger. It wasn't me, and sounded too far away to be Abigail or Danny Boy. They must have heard it too, because all our attention then focused on Tommy. He shook his head. Not me, he mouthed to us. Mr. Rodan stood up, holding his belly. He laughed to himself. Oh, your bodies react to hunger as humorous to me. He said, acting as if he was new to the feeling. And what did he mean by your bodies? It was a knock at the door, normally at first, but quickly escalated into something a little more urgent. Mr. Rodan turned and faced the locked door. This humorous look of bodily confusion vanished and was replaced by an intense frown. Another round of urgent knocks led to a voice shouting on the other side. Hey, open the door. Kids, open up now. It was the voice of Mr. Rodan, but how could that be? He was here in the room with us. That's not me in there. The Mr. Rodan from out in the hallway yelled, He's an imposter. The Mr. Rodan in the room turned and faced us. His frown became a snarl.  Danny Boy stood up and pushed the desk away. He squared off against the unhinged teacher. Any imposter? Danny Boy said. What's going on here, Mr. Rodan? Mr. Rodan began to breathe heavily. His body uncontrollably heaving up and down. He looked like he was about to burst at the seams. Something outside caught my eye. I looked out the window and saw a chain of military vehicles arriving. Jeeps, trucks, tanks, men and women and army fatigues leapt out of the vehicles, carrying guns and raced onto the school's property. They all took positions that looked like they were about to confront or attack an enemy. I stood up and faced Mr. Rodan just as Danny Boy did. Sit down, Mr. Rodan growled. Both of you. Make me, Danny Boy said. Mr. Rodan and the hallway continued to pound on the door and demand that we open it. Abigail quickly stood up and raced for the door. But Mr. Rodan in the room quickly stopped her, blocking her path with his hulking frame. Help! Abigail screamed. Danny Boy nodged to Tommy and the enemies joined forces. They both charged Mr. Rodan, but he swatted them away like flies. His inhuman strength sent both of the boys flying across the room in different directions. Mr. Rodan reached out and grabbed Abigail by the front of her shirt and lifted her off the ground until she was eye level with him.  Put her down! I demanded of the imposter, taking a few steps closer but still trying to keep a safe distance. Suddenly, I heard a bunch of commotion in the hallway. The military had breached the school and were gathering outside of room 13. The imposter, Mr. Rodan, became aware and decided to make the move he'd been building up to this entire time. His skin ripped apart to reveal a scaly, serpentine-like creature underneath. It had 50, no, 100 writhing limbs that waved and grabbed at Abigail.  Abigail was gone. Tommy and Danny Boy attacked the creature, buying me enough time to make a mad dash for the door. As I fumbled with the knob, I heard two more loud crunches and gulps. Followed by a hiss and a monstrous belch. I stopped fumbling with the door knob and turned around slowly. Tommy and Danny Boy were gone.  It snarled at me, slime and drool spilling from its mouth as it skittered closer on its 100 legs. I closed my eyes and prepared for the worst. But then a barrage of gunshots exploded through the windows, shattering the glass and turning the creature into Swiss cheese. With one final shriek, the creature dropped dead, spreading its now goopy form across the classroom floor. The door blasted open behind me and a swarm of soldiers spilled in to secure the scene. A little while later, I sat in the back of an ambulance outside of the school with a fleece blanket around me. As I waited for my parents to arrive, I watched the chaos and confusion unfold further on the school property. The news spread fast. There was an alien invasion going down and the military was trying to keep it contained. From what I understood by the classified chatter around me was that alien spores had fallen from the sky, attached themselves to unsuspecting hosts and then copied their appearance exactly. The aliens were here to take over our planet, our bodies and feed. Mr. Rodan, the real Mr. Rodan, hopped up into the ambulance and sat across from me. Just his presence sent a chill down my spine. After seeing what the imposter Mr. Rodan had done, it was hard not to picture the man in front of me doing the same thing. Are you okay? Mr. Rodan asked groggily. I nodded but didn't say anything. Mr.  I didn't even see it coming, he said.  Then I felt something crawl into my ear. I was out cold after that. Hearing Mr. Rodan's explanation, it was hard not to feel for him. Sure, my first detention turned into a horrific alien massacre, but Mr. Rodan was also a victim. I couldn't imagine being violated the way he was and having a hungry carbon copy of myself walking around out there. I'm sorry, I said to him, I can't imagine what you went through. Thank you, you sat with a grateful smile. He lowered his head, but then slowly lifted it a moment later. His eyes were different. He was different. Mr. Rodan licked his lips and then pulled the ambulance doors shut. Thank you for listening to Microtarrers. Join us each Saturday for another scary story. For more fun, visit our website at microtarrers.com where we will also have spooky games you can print out and play, like wicked word searches, mysterious mazes, and more. Microtarrers.com is also where you can find us on your favorite social media and even send in your own scary story for us to tell. Plus, you'll learn more about our author, Scott Donnelly, who has other horrors for both young and old. I hope you'll join me again soon for Microtarrers. Scary stories for kids.


Hey Virgo, this is Kelly from House of Virgo and do your next 24 hours love reading This is for Virgo sun moon rising venus some of the messages may or may not resonate take with fits leave the rest I'm going to take a look at your Love life here Virgo. Okay Personal reading links are below this video if you would like to get a reading from me So I would take a look at the past energy And then the present Okay, we've got the future here Okay, looking good Okay, oh, there's that page pentacles again.  All right, let's see This Virgo needs to know All right past position give your relationship a chance Pay attention to the red flags. Okay Virgo so There definitely was some red flags in the in the relationship Something or in a past situation But I do kind of feel like you were trying and I feel like your person was trying We do have the King of Swords here. So leave a Gemini Aquarius Okay So you might have been involved with that person Okay, or if it's not that sign Which I do feel like for some of you may have been a Gemini But if it's not that part, you know that sign, this is just somebody who is kind of cold-ish But very direct. Okay. This is someone who For some it could have been a Leo as well. I don't know why I'm just picking up Leo energy, but a Little bit cold definitely all about nobility and truth and I Just heard like biting Biting maybe they bit you a lot or they like to bite or nibble but this person was just very closed off and With the four of pentacles Wanted long term security, but one of things on their terms. Okay, and that seven of cups is like Non-committal at the same time. Okay, my way or the highway, you know But I'm not promising that I'm gonna commit to anything and I feel like that's what their energy was in The past with you or they had too many choices or they were just kind of like, I don't know what to do Or they ghosted a lot that kind of thing playing out and and I do feel like, you know They were they were either seeing red flags in you Virgo because we're gonna we keep it real here either They were seeing red flags in you or they were looking for red flags all the time. Okay, could have been that right? So it really just depends on your situation, but let's take a look at this king of swords Let's go a little bit deeper to see this person Okay So they're giving you the three of cups. So this person was definitely mingling quite a bit flirting with others Have a lot of friends of the opposite sex Just kind of wanted to keep I feel like they wanted to keep that hidden from you either because they were playing around or because they just didn't want to cause any kind of like Jealousy or anything like that. They may have also thought that that was what you were doing as well Okay, and they may have been like Looking at the red just seeing those as red flags or thinking that maybe you were just too involved with your friends Or they didn't want you to meet their female friends. And if it's a female, they didn't want you to meet their male friends, okay? it seems to me like the opposite sex is a lot of This person was seeking a lot of validation from through the opposite sex Okay, because there was an element of being lost. The heart was usually pretty blocked Closed they have possess it. They had a possessive energy about them Or they didn't want anyone to be possessive of them. So they hid things a lot. Okay But I do feel like there was an an opportunity to work on this partnership, but just all these red flags Okay Let's see what this for a pedicure Okay, so yeah five of wands competition Competitiveness that kind of energy playing out with this person Gosh, that's tough rivalry. Yeah, they it's almost like they didn't want to have any kind of like Problems they didn't They may have had a lot of competition for them or they felt there was a lot of competition for you I'm just trying to kind of like hold on to your relations. Or mmm They didn't want to compete for your love I just heard and I don't know that you put that you put this person in a position To feel that way to feel like they have to do that Sorry I had to message somebody here real quick But yeah, they didn't it feels like they they just held back There might have been a lot of people competing for their attention and they just kind of like held everything to themselves They didn't reveal too much Let's see the seven of cups Yeah, the nine of pentacles and they just wanted to stay single They may have they may have been acting those ways, but then Kind of like looking like they were giving your relationship a chance as well But as soon as they saw a red flag, then they just it's almost fear-based.  Okay night of wants here travel. There's a big physical Attraction, okay. I'm just hearing as soon as the restrictions are up. I'm ready to come back or I'm ready to Interact again with Virgo For once get together have some kind of celebration Homecoming a reunion sometimes that's the marriage card Are they gonna try to marry you I don't really feel like it because I don't see a proposal here So it feels you know for some of you you could already be in a marriage with this person But for others, I feel like they're gonna try to come back to reconnect with you Because they're attracted to you And like spend some holiday time or just like some vacation or some time together Okay, the world here, yeah, there's there's an energy here of like Maybe going on some kind of vacation together is what I was seeing with the world or travel Okay Okay, oh the star over the 808 of swords. I feel like there's a So at first I was feeling like oh this person's just trying to come back in So that they don't lose you but the star is telling me I mean, they're really gaining a lot of faith see because the eight of swords is sitting in the center of this reading It's not just the restrictions that are going on in the world Because that does play a role here, but it's also the restrictions of them of their mind. Okay this person I feel like it's like They sell sabotage and I feel like they're trying to you know heal This or there there's an element of healing to this. It's like they're aware I feel like they're aware of how They wanted to give that they wanted to try to make the relationship work or the partnership try to work on it, but they They just have these they're jealousy and possessiveness kept them it self-sabotage sabotage the relationship or they did that themselves All right, this native ones here. Oh Well, yeah, I mean, they're not gonna stop coming back This person is going to come back and then come back and then come back and keep putting in the effort to keep coming back to you At least the stars here because that means that there is a sense of healing here and having faith That this problem this could work out This is a card of renewal and hope and having inter clarity. Maybe it's something that you Have said to them in the past that made them realize And maybe they put the blame on you for why they weren't able to overcome things Blaming you for talking to other people or they were being jealous and possessive when like you probably weren't doing anything wrong some of you maybe you were being intentional with that but This is like an insecurity here with this person So going forward the ace because of six of pentacles and the page of pentacles For giving and learning and very soon the decision is going to be made this person As you release and heal the past you experience more love in your present moments Clearly decide what you want so that it comes to you now. Okay? Well Again with the healing here for giving and learning. That's what that ace of cups is New beginnings here in love. Let's take a look and see Okay, five of swords. Yeah, oh gosh. Yeah Five of swords forgive. Please forgive. They seek your forgiveness. They hope you'll forgive them For being abusive and I'm not going to call this anything else other than what it was Or what it is healing Proposal You know the new having a new relationship trying again going back to the very beginning Okay, letting go of these control issues Six of pentacles here Okay recovery learning how in the four of swords Healing and learning to give This person might have been more of a taker than the giver and now they're showing up as someone who Starts giving to the relationship instead of being so the way they were before defensive possessive controlling Never able to commit that kind of thing dismissive and The page of pentacles is here With the hermit. Well So I feel like these this communication and the offer is like real You know, it's it's ideas and things that they have to really make something work here. They've been thinking about it They'll communicate to you that They have been thinking about things and like they've they'll say to you that they never were truly able to manifest The things that they wanted to have because it felt like true love was always out of reach for them Because they had these blocks in the way, you know again with the abuse or the The jealousy or the control Or the things they say or like I was saying the withdrawal Is a form of control Stonewalling Silent treatments And the four of swords, you know, that is a card of retreat And it is a card of silence Insolitude and rather than Going into this energy going forward now it's coming out and Actually giving giving back. That's what the six of pentacles is Giving receiving helping and being generous something that comes from A place of peace here with this person. So I mean You know, I know this is the next 24 hours And I know that we have the past present future Excuse me that future energy could be playing out Way later. It doesn't have to be tomorrow, you know, but there's definitely um a progression happening here with with this person Okay, decision. It's time to decide about this relationship Okay So two decision cards here there's going to be a decision this person's making up their mind here to try to Bring in What they want I feel like what they want is you you probably have left them or you've just disengaged or pulled away and they feel it Some of you just said that's it. You're done. You can't handle in it. You don't want that anymore Doesn't feel healthy We are more like than I admit than I admit.   It's this person. They are They replay their conversations over and over. They do believe that You guys will be together again. That's what they want, but I don't know if you want that Virgo I'm not really sure Like I said, I feel like they're going to be asking you for forgiveness And are in this place of like really seeing the light They love you unconditionally and I don't know if you're going to trust that because of The things that they've shown you but they know they made a mistake I mean, you're just going to have to wait and see like if they truly They're afraid to contact you right now. So if you're not hearing from them It's not because they're trying to punish you. They really are afraid to contact you. Um, but I do feel like I do feel like Something you can feel it right now. Some of you I know you can feel the energy is shifting and it's moving Go slow take time to get to know each other And forgiveness. Yep. That's twice For giving yourself or another will help you move forward Okay Yeah, you could forgive Virgo and you could say I forgive and I forget but No hard feelings catch you later and others could just say well, okay, I can forgive you And let's try to move forward in this relationship and try to like Do it in a healthy way move forward in a healthy way My life is not as together as it seems. Yeah, this person Kind of lost sometimes sometimes I stay awake thinking about you, but they really do love you They do they just do I think this they just said tell Virgo that this person is not a Is not a narcissist They have these traits though that resemble that Okay, but they're not a They're not like a fool. No because if they were they wouldn't become in terms with how they hurt you like it feels genuine And a narcissist if a narcissist comes towards you and says that they're sorry It's usually I'm sorry, but you made me do it That's a narcissist, but someone who is not will come forward and say I'm really sorry And I hope you will forgive me for what I've done Okay, that's the difference all right Financial challenges are affecting this connection. Okay in some way Some of you do have this person you're connecting with There's money issues Okay Time apart some distance helps bring clarity Okay Mind you feel like That has played a role in this relationship. There was a lot of back and forth time apart Getting clarity coming back together time apart getting clarity coming back together And the last one I wish I could take back my words see They they've said some things to you Virgo That were harmful and that were cutting and dry and not very nice Are you able to forgive this person for the for what they said if they weren't mean or harsh? They said things that may have made you think other things like positive things yet Not following through with those things So even if they promise that they would marry you or promise that you would be together have children together or something like that And then they flaked on you They're sorry for Leading you on and that's what I feel like those words have to do with okay Virgo So I hope that that was healing and helped you in some way I'm going to leave the message here and I will see you guys make sure you hit like share and subscribe on my channel I appreciate it. See you guys tomorrow. Take care