Indeed, I am personally very happy to congratulate T-Ball with his jubilee, and it's also an additional remark, but also I would say it's also very pleasant that T-Ball just this year, that T-Ball gets much more formal recognition of his successes. As we all know, during this year, he got the ICTP. I would say it's very important. We have, and I think I can consider him as my old friend. And so speaking about just thinking of what topic to choose for the restock, I tried to use the topic first, not well as close to his investigations as possible, particularly what I have just mentioned, which he got all these prices, and what was mentioned in the previous talk. It was an investigation of what happens outside black holes, and indeed, in particular, it's some rate of how the hair of black hole disappears. On the other hand, another aim of my topic is to mention that speaking about investigation is to make this topic popular. Unfortunately, very often some notions are introduced without explanation. Of course, experts understand the limited meaning, but in Yukamama, let me indeed get an impression. This is just, for example, a statement about the so-called cosmic no hair theorem, which you can see in many pictures. So in Yukamama, we see that indeed the situation is just the same as outside black holes, with no hair, just the opposite. Inflationary scala and tensor hair exists, not only exists, more like this classical scala tensor hair, and also equantum scala tensor hair, and not only they exist, we actually already discovered them, and even consider, I shall show you, without reference to a complicated computer program by your own next eyes. So in particular, in my case of scala, the quantum scala hair from inflation has been discovered, and what we expect is one of the crucial predictions of the inflationary scala is the quantum tensor hair, and we have a target prediction for this quantity in the minimal models, in which we use only observational data and do not introduce any small parameters not found from observations. Okay, so let's begin with statements, but cosmic no hair theorem should not be understood literally. So in spite of, because of what is the actual meaning of the statement, that inside the Hubble, that radius, one observer, indeed they see the space term approaching the space term, it's not the whole space term. And so indeed the incommaturity, incommaturity, so scala tensor hair, so more exactly what I mean, spatial incommaturity outside the whole space term exists, it does not disappear with time, and just opposites amplitude at a given moving scale, typically, apart from some unstable cases, it means constant, not only do you think inflation, but after it. And initially, so to understand the calligraphic relation, the statement is that it can be simply understood from the analog what happens in usual general relativity. In usual general relativity, we have no hair theorem outside, outside the black hole, even horizon, but not inside them. Nobody said that actually it is shown that it is not so that there are no hairs, no iterations from the Schwarzschild or the arithmetic inside them, it's just the opposite, it is known that singularity, generic singularity is much more, is much more general. And so here one small statement is the situation similar, but just opposite to it in general. Relativity, so we have indeed inside the Hubble radius or one observer indeed had no hair, but outside and we're interested in what happens outside the Hubble radius, just the hair exists. Okay, so let's illustrate it in a simple example. So once more I'm beginning with classical hairs. So let's consider the general relativity, the cosmological constant. And so the law in so much papers in the particle quantum, the city space time is considered, but for the point of classical gravity, the city itself is not a generic random attractor. So what is the generic random attractor is actually, I would say significantly more complicated solution. The process was written in my paper and to use after that famous American mathematicians, so for my man, he could have also reduce it. No, maybe with more deep mathematical just justification. I did not analyze the analyzed kind of convergence. Obviously it's and so on. And so let's say so once more, what is a generic random attractor is not the city, but the city multiplied by arbitrary three times three matrix with arbitrary, but bounded about the dependence on special coordinates. And when we have next tons, next tons, which has the same with the same structure. And so this matrix once more up to the some bound boundness of its special derivatives, it is arbitrary. And it contains the two independence physical physical functions. And so, and the additional, additional, so once more, I reminded you by a generic solution, I mean solution having zero look measure in the space of initial conditions and in particular containing arbitrary number, sufficient number of arbitrary functions on our special coordinates at the initial cache. So in this case, we can have a classical answer here. And of course, it just laid them asymptotic. So it's going just opposite going to back time. And it becomes, it becomes a divergence. So once more, one can say with coefficients, speaking about classical, so classical, and then keep, keep memory, keep memory, which does not disappear, keep memory about what happened before. Therefore, the city stage began. Okay. More. So here we have, we don't have scholar scholar degree of freedom. So we have only classical answer here. An example of a scholar here that can be obtained. So, so, in this case, once more, it's, it is an attractor. It's, it's a latem attractor. So an example once more. An example when we have a latem attractor, but now the additional scholar degree of freedom is, for example, a couple of scholars filled with exponential potential. And then we have exponential behavior. You just wanted to. And for inflationary, well, the city speaking, all of what I said after that, it will be suffice. It will be. If you. But for inflationary applications, we are interested in the case when to kill. Okay, when the structure is a little bit more complicated. So it was found in this paper. So the, but the structure is interesting. We have homogeneous, homogeneous. Like a skill factor multiplied by this far functions, which actually double series. So the sum is double, double, double, double series over and one and they do and car and K and L. Define, defined here in similar solutions just due to just due to conformal relation to similar side, similar solutions, which is essentially the same structure is for F over our gravity with R. For the scale. Your scale, scale. Power of, of, of R. And the, and then it is here. And of course, once more, the case interesting for, for, for for cosmological applications is when M is, is, is, is, is close to. Okay. So of course, these two, these two examples are in which inflation, this expansion goes without, without. Of course, environment, environment models. It's due to duration of inflationary states inside our past life is finite. Actually, I should even tell you some more interesting things about, about it. But so we are now speaking about immediate inflation is of course in viable model inflation, of course it's immediate attractor, but it can be, it can be proven that in the inflationary models in general and F over our gravity variation open sets of cost of solution, even on zero measure in respects of initial conditions, it covers much exceeding was in inflation. So I consider the case with, before inflation was some, some kind of, some kind of to make a culture. Singularity. And when it's possible to have a stable investing stage, we were given a number of defaults. Okay. So now making the next step. Okay. We have this hair, we have this constant, constant hair. In the, in inflation, what happens after? It appears when we, if you make the statement is that after, after inflation, also at the end of inflation, in this regime, but also now I am saying about inflation for very large class of possible models of gravity, not only classical gravity, different forms about modified in gravity. Among all possible modes of perturbation where all, all of us exist, all of us exist so called constant modes, constant in the sense that in this regime, so up to the sum of, sum of, sum of correction, they, they do not depend on time. They, in the coordinate representation, they depend only on special coordinates. And when this matrix has a trace and when it can be shown, I use here synchronous system of, of, of reference with some additional conditions, but it can be checked that if the trace is just what is called locally gauge invariance, speaking locally, not in the global scale, you can read the curvature perturbation, but where all of us exist because it's three times three metric, where all of us exist trace less and transfer to battery. And this is simply where in malnization conditions. So this is the generic predictions which is required from any inflationary models. And in particular, what can be, can be directly compared to the observation with the power spectrum, power, for your spectrum of scalar perturbations, its slope is for purely historically. The reason in this notation is not simply ns, but ns minus one, so it's simply historical notation. No, no, no more distance in it. But another is where, is where the ratio of, of tensor to scalar, scalar perturbations and generic properties of all international models, but with quantities are small and are over guys that typically does not exceed approximately eight multiplied with quantity. But now observations shows that it is less and in the minimal in existing minimal, it's actually models like R plus R squared, like MECA R plus R squared and we keep some model. But the predictions is that areas more dump states over order of ns minus one squared more because that target prediction, target big definite, definite prediction is that that is free, free. So just, because just I am in the, in the, in the mathematical instance, so let me make a remark that the existence of this modes, as I said, is a very general, there exists other modes, but there, the king, of course, it's possible that they, that they can, that they can draw, that they don't have a free one. The filter, free one, the filter, the filter, the behavior is like this. So, so that usually all are at the most at the king. But why, why constant mode, it is. So, in the case of general relativity, the idea of policy, it was no, well, it is, for a right class, for the right scale at times of gravity, it was supposed in this paper, but once more my statement is that the existence is a much more general. Actually, it's my proposal to, the mathematicians to formulate more, more general, general conditions for existence. But the very idea is very simple. You should have non, non degenerate solutions, that we, we should admit, non degenerate, to work with solutions. And these solutions always have free non physical, gauge, arbitrary constant integrations, give the possibility of arbitrary and independent risk carrying of all, independent risk carrying of all Spashouka organs. And then simply using the Lagrange method, and making this constant slightly, slightly in how much genius can, converts them into a learning term of the physical constant modes. Okay, so once more, one more conclusion, up to the present time was checked, in case by case, but I would say that's very, it's much more general, general feeling, that this hair, this hair, which constant, the constant, during inflation, that remain constant up to the second, how it was crossing. Now how they can be visualized actually, let me present to you, actually what I shall tell you now, I would say it's thick as thick as text books, but it's hidden in the text books. What we have is the general temperature of CMB, and I thought it would be. No, and in particular, translating, expanding, it can be multiples, it can be shown to the actual, actual content, it can be expressed as the appearance of two new dimensionless, fundamental constant, fundamental cosmological constants, which are addition of the walls, appearing in the figure of energy particles, and one of them is amplitudes, which very, really depends on K, but with dependence is also dependent, two independent small constant. And so observations gives us two fundamental constant, and what can the figure do in the best case? In the simplest case, of course, where exists more complicated models, it can, this constant has always been taken from observations. I cannot present to you an explanation why it should be so, as small as it is, but this constant can be derived in the simplest one of the models, and saying that you can derive some fundamental constant, immediate answer in terms of which quantities, in terms of fundamental arithmetic constants, like pi, e, or zeta function over three, or in which terms. The answer is the following, it is expressed, this quantity which refers to the state of the universe long, long time ago is expressed with some, some corrections, simplifying things, but finally, in terms of this quantity, which simply shows how large is the present universe, so it has nothing to do, by itself, it has nothing to do with history, because what, and as here is the temperature, here is the temperature, gamma, Hubble constant, well, and Watson constant, and the prediction, once more, you can check it, you can check it without complicated computer, computer problem, but with bimodals, most of the pi, pi, e, e, 3, 2, indeed, so, okay, let me also mention that r, as I said, is not discovered, is not discovered, and we expect it should be small, and just, as I said, okay, it's very big, and, okay, so, the most, most recent, upper, upper limit, which appears only a week, a week ago, and in this one, in particular, it makes, it makes, this way, with all, all models of the, over, over, the real type, okay, so now, as I said, classical here, classical, but here, they, in some sense, keeps memory, memory of, of what was, therefore, you know, inflection states, but now, we have also, we have also, also quantum here, and with here, it gives us information of what, what happened in the course of, inflection states, and this is actually, actually, based on one, of the two main assumptions, of the variable, slow, slow-roll inflationary models, they are all based on independent assumption, the, the first assumption, the first, background, so the, the very assumption of the existence of, of, of slow-roll inflation. In the second assumption, refers to the origin of all information, is that they are produced just, just by this effect, not one other effect. In the example, in the example of a theory, in particular, why are they, these assumptions are independent, as follows, as for example, from existence of variables, of slow, of slow-roll inflation, in particular, you know, the so-called warm inflation, it assumes this hypothesis, but use can, can, the, the, the mechanism, the opposite example of the theory, which denies even, very emotionally denies, the, the first hypothesis, but, use the, the, the, the second one is the, the perotic scenario. And so, once more, as we assume this, and when we have prediction, about, about quantum hair, well, generally, of course, now, even now, the metric attribution of quantum, but this statement is a little bit academic, because it disappears, when you admit a very small term, over the first quantity, what, what remains, come on use, all what remains, or, all, the, the, the remains, of course, come on use, itself, and when this hypothesis, equivalent, the, the stochastic quantities, and then, from our hypothesis, from our hypothesis, that this was, from adiabatic problem, it follows that the, the, the stochastic should have begun, up to, up to quadratic term, and this is confirmed. And once more, what I want to say about quantum hair, that all, all these predictions are beyond, semi classical gravity, in particular, the, the general prediction, that the average value of this quantity, is zero. But this does not mean that, that's a, perturbation. So, perturbations, are not the contents. Okay. And then, now, so, speaking, speaking about, okay, I have to finish on. So, speaking very shortly about, this, this, this, this, this, this, this, this, the most important thing, which is both, to the case, when we, to have scalar perturbations, prior, prior, prior use, by this effect, we should have some, fundamental, or effective scalar, degree, degree of freedom. So, so, both, the scalar fields, and, for example, for the scalar curvature. So, we have an effect that for, massless, the scalar fields, whereas with, with growth, with growth, which was, was, was mentioned already, that, that, original paper. And so, for, zero mass, for, positive mass, we have a bunch, there is state, but actually speaking about real, it's not the in state, it's out state, it's out state. It, it is reached only, after, after a larger number of defaults, to this purely, infrared effect. And speaking now about, the gravitons only, speaking about, this integration, we have a result, but indeed, there's a, attribution also, e, e growth, given number of default, and, but usually, this prediction was written, in this form, not in this one, in this one, which just, just a prediction for, a, a lot of, respect for, traditional, traditional ways. And in my paper, actually, in my paper, what's presented, in the third, in the form, is the, the density of, that, of this, after, after the second, Hubble radius, Hubble radius, across, but it's the same, so, so, free, and, and indeed, there are some discussion with, okay, if you assume that your, this space is initially, they see that, even, in the case of, cosmological constants, when, assumption of small, distribution, very, breaks down, and this is still, I'm going, discussion about, final outcome, and my, opinion that, it does not, it does not, in the screening of any background, cosmological constant, but instead just, because I see that in classical, general, productivity of cosmological constant, the seeper is not, an attractor, and what is an attractor? Yes, okay, yes. I'm finishing. It is much more in general, general state, that's why, I believe that, classical gravity, to be, the cosmological constant, has a unique vacuum. Okay, so, but the most interesting question, is not the, about the scale, but the color, the color, the color, color is larger, and this follows from the, observation reading, but the, from the smaller, on that, and it is known that, actually it was, proposed long, a long time ago, how to, how to do this, it's, so I shall mention it, very shortly, so it's, it's finally, it can be expressed, expressed in terms of the, engineering, engineering equation, for the, for the scale of field, just because it's all the result, I only mentioned, it's very shortly, that which can be, represent the family as, Einstein, Einstein, Smolkowski, that's more, that usually calls for, for, for one equation, and using this equation, without reference of anything, which happens, outside of our, our, our, it's possible to, to calculate in the closed form, say, proper, proper, proper, it is, to go to different vacuum, after, after inflation, but if, in more detailed, that one can, is, is, is, is, see the system paper, one can calculate the local, local, due due due duration inflation and, different, sitting functions. In this paper, and land one's more significant, this, and finally what I, the central element dimension and, where it is, more clearly see, the heat, doesn't just because, not, I would say, it's not only, this, completely? accept, this, which is, also that we are useful one, that are useful to consider some simplified problem, maybe of academic type, but in which one can obtain concrete result and compare it with different approaches. And in particular, just like this interacting figure. And in particular, the stochastic inflation, but it is what happened for all cases. This additional division is interesting because in this case, we can use standard, standard perturbative filter in the city space then and compare it results to be what follows from the stochastic approach. But this was checked a long time ago because for this one, it's sufficient to consider one loop. But this for the standard approach, it follows from the loop and just it was recently checked that indeed standard to calculation just represent what follows from the stochastic approach. Okay, so I shall end here. So once more, we have generally we have a particular kind of replacement here, the approximate time independent in super-hubbub regime, and this is a very general property, not restricted to general relativity. The fact that the stochastic is in agreement with assumed mechanism of the formation of a grammatical constraint using the formalism of stochastic flow-roll inflation, the behavior of scala can be quantitatively descriptive in the non-linear machine. And finally, returning to this calculations into loops, I would say, but using stochastic approach beyond any number of loops, I would say that there is no quantum instability of self-directed scala fields in the intercepted background. My last slide. Congratulations. Best wishes and big successes to Tebo. Thank you. Thank you.


Hey, everybody. All right. As James said, state of SCLinux, my name's Paul Moore. I'm the SCLinux maintainer. Just talk about the things since we talked about this last year. So first slide is a container slide, because I was under the impression that you couldn't come to this conference and give a talk if you didn't have at least one slide about containers. So put this at the front of the deck. Big thing this year is that we've added SCLinux support both to Rocket and to RunC. And this joins our existing support that we've had for a while for Docker. So I think we've got at least all the big heavy hitters for container engines. I'm sure we're probably missing some, but we're getting there. And a note on Docker, some of you may or may not be familiar with this, especially if you don't play in the container space. The newer Docker versions actually do leverage RunC support so they can make use of the support we added there. In a sense, we've actually added SCLinux support to Docker twice and had it accepted. So take that, SystemD. You take your wins when you can get them, right? We've also just recently, and I say just recently, but this is an effort that's taken quite some time. I don't think Vivek's here in the audience. No, OK. Vivek and Dan Walsh and Steven Smalley worked really hard over the past six, seven months to get SCLinux and overlay FS working in the same manner, which was tricky. But the nice part about is this is something that the container guys really, really wanted for a long time. And we now have same SCLinux labeling for all the different layers in the stacked file system. And we've got all the SCLinux enforcement that you know and love working at the different layers. So it's really cool. It's in the SCLinux Next branch now, assuming nothing horrible happens in the next few weeks that will go into 4.9 fingers crossed. We've also added separate capability checks for the initial and non-initial username spaces. So this is interesting for containers, but the thing that was really tripping us up was Chrome. I would say like to run with their own username space. So now they have a different capability check. So the nice part is you can grant capabilities in a username space without granting it in the host namespace. So yeah, you can run Chrome again. We've also made some improvements to our implementation of type bounding. For those of you who have followed SCLinux and no new pros for some time, you know that's been kind of a little tricky. But I'm happy to say after a few years now, I think we've actually kind of got it right, finally. Basically it allows you to have your nice SCLinux bounded type hierarchy work when you've got no new pros enabled. So this will be useful for, you know, sandboxing applications. Like yesterday we heard about MiniJail. MiniJail, other applications similar to MiniJail will work much better now if they use SCLinux bounded types. Another big area this year for us has been file systems. We've introduced file label revalidation. This is a big deal for distributed file systems where you've got multiple clients that can all be working on the same files and same file systems. This allows one file to make an update that would need to basically invalidate the SCLinux label on all the other different clients. So we go ahead, we invalidate all those labels and those clients have had the label invalidated. The next time you actually make an access on that iNode, we'll go ahead, we'll revalidate that SCLinux label, generate the new correct label from the policy and everything and keep going, you'll never even notice it. And the first implementation is actually GFS and that support's been in since four or five. Nobody's complained, so we're assuming it's all working well at this point. We've also added user space access to validate trans policy constraints via, you know, the SCLinux FS. This is important for file systems that are built up in user space, all your fused file systems, as well as any out of tree file systems that don't necessarily use all of the VFS hooks that are there. It's kind of esoteric. If you don't really understand what this is, don't worry about it, but if you do, hey, we've got it. But I don't think this really affects anyone in the room. And of course, I already mentioned the overlay FS support that's in the SCLinux next branch now and cross your fingers goes to four and nine. I knew it was too good to be true. All right, let's try this again here. There we go, we're back. All right, so that's file systems. Labeled networking, this is a slide near and dear to my heart, although I think it's something that probably only about two people in the room are gonna appreciate myself being one of them. Quick show of hands, other than if you've talked to me and I've told you about it, does anybody actually know what Calypso is? Okay, Casey. All right, three. We're up to four people in the room to actually care about this. That's two times what I thought it would be. I'm just pouring the... So anyway, I mean, this is something I've wanted to get into Linux for ages. And actually when I left my former employer, I had this about halfway done, but had to Dropix. I hadn't gotten it cleared and then sat in that time. But Hugh Davies from Code Weavers actually, and once again, I don't think he's here today. Are you here, Hugh? No. He worked long and hard on this and got this going. He even worked with some users to do some interoperability testing with Solaris TX. So this is in, and in line is this tree right now. It should be in Linux 4.8. You'll need to get a new version of NetLabel Tools. It's currently in the main branch. As soon as 4.8 is out in golden, I'll do a final test with it, make sure it's happy, and then I'll have a new version of NetLabel Tools. And I'll probably put a post up on my blog about how to use it. But anyway, basically it's labeled networking for IPv6 that's standard-based. So that's kind of the summary version of it. There's everything else that I couldn't really categorize into a container slide, basically. We've got new access controls for loading kernel modules. We heard Mimi talk about the kernel read file hooks. We leveraged that to do access controls based on the calling domain as well as the label of the kernel module that you're actually trying to load in. Very similar, if you're familiar with the load pin stuff that case did, very similar capabilities and functionality just with the SC Linux policy that you know and love. We've also expanded the exec stack controls to all the individual thread stacks instead of just the main process stack. Nice thing to have. User space. We had a new SC Linux user space release earlier this year. Version 2.5. Last year you heard me talk that we had just added a finer grained iOctyl access controls and see, raise your hand, you were here earlier today. Okay, you must have stepped out. Anyway, the Google guys worked hard to give us finer grained iOctyl controls. That's both finally now trickled into the user space, so you can go ahead and white list individual iOctyls which is good because iOctyls are fun. We have better sill support. You can actually generate sill via policy.conf now and better documentation and not to mention the usual list of bug fixes and various other small improvements. And SC Android, this is something maybe that not everyone follows all that closely but while I myself don't do a whole lot of work in it, it still leverages the kernel work we do, it still leverages the user space that we do and the numbers are kinda cool. Last year there was a lot of talks by Steven Smalley explaining SC Android and how it works and whatnot and KitKat basically introduced SC Linux and forcing mode test to Android. Now, if you were there for the talk, he explained how it wasn't everything on the system but it was a lot of important pieces. It wasn't until Lollipop came out that we had SC Linux policies for everything on the system and everything ran in enforcing mode. Last year we also saw that 60% of all the Android devices ran at least KitKat so you had pretty good odd of having an SC Linux system in your pocket. Now we're up to 80% and I don't remember, I think Kase was saying it was like what, 1.4 billion devices back in 2015. So I think it's pretty safe to say that we have bare minimum a billion SC Linux devices out there in the wild and the best part about it is they just work. So I don't wanna hear anything about how SC Linux is hard to use, guys, come on. So anyway, and Lollipop, this is once again, this is SC Linux on every part of the system. We're at 50% of the Android devices this year so the uptake is pretty good. It'll be interesting to see where we're at next year. We might be pretty darn close to having SC Linux on pretty much all the Android devices. Yes, because 130% is so much better than 100%, come on. So wait, how do you get 100%? Oh no, because it's 80% of KitKat and above, right? So 80% includes the 50% of the Lollipop, see.  So anyway, so two of the big functional improvements. Decompose the media server based on least privilege and wrote SC Linux policy for each of the pieces. I'll let you figure out why that work happened. Also, leverage the iOctl work that was done that we talked about last year to tighten the restrictions on that. So nice improvements. There's all the other things. There was no way these related to containers whatsoever, but Google announced Brillo this year, which is the IOTOS and that comes with SC Linux enabled and in enforcing mode. The open embedded folks have shipped the updated SC Linux user space, so go nuts there if you're an open embedded developer. There's also the OpenXT project, which we talk a lot about KVM and containers, because those are the hot new things, but Zen still has a lot of interesting security properties if your tinfoil hat is very thick. And so the OpenXT project is working basically a hardened virtualization client and they're leveraging the Zen security modules, Flask and SC Linux to help build that. So that's kind of interesting. I think it's OpenXT.org, am I right, James? Okay, Google will find it, I'm sure. So anyway, and last, can I answer any questions you might have? And I'm pretty sure you've all seen these links before, but just in case here they are. There's the kernel repository, the user space and the kernel test that we use are up on GitHub, link to the reference policy on GitHub, the mailing list where we do all our development. And then if push comes to shove, you can always email me. But if you have any questions, I would really encourage you to ask it on the list. That way everybody can benefit from the answer. It's archived, it's much better that way. You'll also probably get a quicker answer and if I'm honest, probably a better answer because 37 people will reply with all good comments other than me, just kind of shrugging like, well, you could try this. So anyway, any questions? No, so what'll happen is when you've got, say, client A and client B, right? Client A does, and they both have the file, they've got an inode, right? So file A does something to cause that label to get invalidated on file B. The next access check that SCLinux performs, all right, when we look at that inode, we'll see that, oh, hey, this file's been, the file label has been invalidated, we need to revalidate the file label. So it's gonna happen transparently to you. User space will never know, we just go ahead, we look it back up through policy, we regenerate the new SCLinux label and perform the access control.   Revocation is really hard, she could always open a file and map it and, you know, game over. It shouldn't block, in fact, there were some interesting issues when we were first doing this, when it was in development, making sure that we didn't accidentally block any place where we shouldn't, because that would be bad. You can look at the code, I mean, we've got 20 minutes here and I'm kind of pretty much out of time, but you can look at the patches and see. We also, strangely enough, an offshoot to this, when we were fixing some issues related to that, we actually sped up some stuff in the very beginning, like an early boot before you load policy.  So anyway, any other questions? All right, thanks a lot guys. Thank you. Thank you.


Hi everyone, it's Leah, your lead course instructor here at Advanced E-Clinical Training. And today's lesson is all about the pediatric assessment. Now the reason why we have a whole separate assessment for infants and children is because they are a whole sub-specialty of medicine that is kind of unrelated to adults. They have different norms, different ways that we assess things, different things that we look for. So that's why we wanted to just do a whole lesson just on the pediatric and infant assessment. Oh, right. So the pediatric assessment. So first, you want to start with a general observation of the child or the infant. You want to do a general appraisal of the child's appearance, their behavior, and you really want to look for any signs of abuse. So how does the child look? Are they in clean clothes or are they in dirty clothes? What is their state of hygiene? Is their hair brushed or are they cleaned themselves? And again, how are they dressed? Is it appropriate for the weather? If it's cold and snowing outside, do they have a coat? Do they have gloves? Things like that. So this is what you're going to look for in the general observation. Now just moving on to any signs of abuse. Now we're going to cover signs of abuse more in depth in another lesson coming up here very shortly, but just for right now, signs of abuse may be incompatibility of the story and the injury if there is an injury. So, you know, if the parent said that a child was jumping on the bed and fell off the bed and broke their arm, but the child is not old enough physically to be able to jump up and down on a bed or stand by themselves, we would know that would be incompatible. Inconsistent stories between the child and the caregiver. So the child is saying they were hurt one way and then the parent is saying they're hurt another way. Another sign of abuse could be injuries that are extremely unlikely given the children's development for their child's development. And then injuries that should have been avoided with basic parental supervision, such as a lot of times, you know, in the emergency room, we see things, children getting burnt with candles, hot wax. So, you know, generally you should not have candles burning.  So these are the general signs of abuse. But again, we're going to cover this more in depth in another lesson coming up very, very soon. So next, we move on with the pediatric assessment to their health history. So this is similar to a health history you would get from an adult. And you will obviously have this discussion with the parent or the caregiver or the adolescent, because a child of adolescent age, they are able to participate in their care and participate in their assessment as well. So during this general health history, please make sure to assess family history, medications, of course, if there are any allergies, you want to talk about the child's personal health history, if they have any chronic health conditions. Their birth history is something that is important to know as well, like whether the child was born premature or they spent any time in the NICU because this would be an indication that there were maybe a birth injury or if they were premature, their lungs didn't fully develop. And so this might predispose the child for some health conditions as they were growing. And then also you want to always ask about immunization.  And so here, if you just click on this link here, you can go over to the CDC. And this will give you a very nice overview of all the vaccines, vaccinations that children should have and at what age. All right. So moving on here. So during the health history or the assessment, we're going to be interviewing the child and adolescent as well as the parents. So but it's really important to understand that preschool children and other older children can be included in their interview. But it is important to understand that we must be age-appropriate. So, you know, if we're talking to a toddler, we're going to speak to an adolescent in a different way. So be age-appropriate. You might want to use age-appropriate toys and questions when interviewing the child or the adolescent. You definitely want to establish a rapport. So showing interest in the child and what the child has to say, both helps to make the child and the caregiver feel more comfortable during the assessment. And you also want to be honest when answering the child's questions, because this will help to build trust. Another thing you really want to do during your assessment is listen.  And the child should be made to feel important in the interview as well. Now, with adolescents, it's a little bit different. They're older children, you know, mid-teen, teen age. And so they might feel more comfortable talking to you in private instead of in front of their parents. Now, this can be kind of a dicey situation. Sometimes we have to get the parent's permission to talk with the child. Alone and then, you know, at this point, the child or the adolescent, I should say, would feel more comfortable talking to you and maybe to divulge information to you that they would not have if their parent was sitting next to them or in the same room. All right. So of course, during any type of assessment here, we are going to have to do vital signs.  So first, you want to count the respirations before even touching the child because this is something that you can do and they don't even really know you're doing it. You're just counting their respirations so they should be calm while they are sitting next to their parents or their caregiver. And so that's a good time to then do the respirations. Of course, you don't want to count respirations when they're crying or they're heavily upset. So that's why we're going to do this first. Next, you want to measure their apical heart rate. So their apical heart rate is just under the left side of their breastbone and almost underneath the arm. So you want to count a full 60 seconds. If you can't get an apical heart rate, that's OK. You can always just try to feel their pulse and count their heart rate. And then next, you can take the child's blood pressure. Now, a BP is not always indicated for children. And so it is not always done on routine. So only do the blood pressure if it is necessary. And then lastly, you want to take the children's the child's temperature. Now, small children and infants will get very upset when you try to take their temperature. And then they may begin to cry. So that's why you want to do this vital sign last. Now, here's just a little chart on the vital signs. Normal vital signs by age for respiratory heart rate and blood pressure. Because, as I said, in the beginning of the lesson, it is different than a norm for an adult. And the norm changes from the time they are in infant and as they grow. So I'm not going to read all of these to you because you can read yourself. But these are the norms for children by their age for respiratory, their heart rate and by blood pressure. All right. So moving on to temperature. Again, the temperature is part of their vital signs. It should be either recorded in Celsius or Fahrenheit and that should be recorded just based upon whatever the policy is for your health care facility. You can do this orally, rectally or axillary. And again, a normal world temperature range is 36.4 to 37.4 Celsius, which is 97.6 to 99.3 Fahrenheit. Now, a rectal temperature is going to be slightly higher than an oral, but it also is the most accurate. So keep that in mind. Now, the pain assessment, of course, we're always going to assess pain on any assessment, whether it's an adult or a child. In the adult pain assessment, we ask the patients, you know, are you having any pain today?  But children and infants, they can't do this, obviously. They can't describe their pain that way. So there are several different pain charts that have been modified to help so we could help quantify what a child's pain level is. We can see that right here. These are different pediatric pain scales. We have the cries pain scale. Because obviously babies cry, this is the quickest and the easiest way to assess potential causes of their crying. So cries is an acronym and crying requires O2, increased vital signs, expression, sleeplessness. So each of these is a variable scale of zero to two. So if the baby is crying, it's zero. And you can see here, inconsolable is the two. They're highly pitched crying, it's a one. And if they're not crying, it's a zero. I don't see this one used very often. I have to say actually, we don't, I've never really actually even used this one, but I just thought I would let you know that it's here, you might see it in your practice. We have the flack pain scale and this is for children ages two to seven years old. Again, flack is a mnemonic, I'm sorry, an afterman and it stands for face, legs, activity, cry, and consolidability. Like the cries pain scale, this set of variables is scored on a scale of zero to two. Next, we have the faces pain scale and this is the most popular one. And the faces scale is the most common for children three and older and it uses six drawings of faces to help the patient break their pain on a scale of zero to five.  And they will be able to point to one of those faces. And then there's the outer pain scale and this is for children three to 13. It's kind of like the faces scale but uses photographs to help them break their pain again from zero to 10. But like I said, the faces pain scale is the most popular and the one that I've seen most often. All right. So moving on to their physical growth and development. Now, when assessing a child's physical growth and development, there are several measurements that we need to take, including length and height. Now, the difference between length and height is it's referred to length when the child cannot stand upright, but once the child can stand upright, we refer to that as their height, weight. We always wanna weigh the child.  When the baby is old enough to sit, the child then can be weighed while sitting and then again, once the child is able to stand, they can stand on a scale. Head circumference. This is a good one as well. So this measurement is completed in younger children to ensure proper development. So a paper or a plastic tape measure is placed around the largest part of the head just above the eyebrows and around the most prominent part of the back of the head. And when collecting these measurements, we want to make sure to plot them on a proper growth chart so we can see how the child is growing and how they compare to other children of the same age. So these, if you go to the CDC here again, using this link right there, you can see the growth charts that we should be using and plotting on. Right, so I just wanted to touch a little bit on length and height again. As I said, length is measured when the child cannot stand and so you wanna measure the child in a recombinant position, meaning lying down on their back. And this is the correct measurement to use for infants younger than 24 months of age or children aged 24 to 36 months who cannot stand unassisted. So a baby's length is measured from the top of their head to the bottom of their heels. And a lot of times this takes two people to do this, to do this measurement. An accurate length measurement also requires a calibrated length board with certain features for measuring length in this type of position.  So as you could see even with this description, it probably will take two people to do this measurement. Here's a YouTube video that you could check out. If you click on this link, it'll take you there and just show you a nice video on how that should be done to do the length and the height. Now, of course, as I said, the standing height of a child is measured with the height board or for the most accurate height measurements, the board should be placed on a flat smooth floor. So very similar to like when you've gone to the doctor and they do your annual physical and you get your weight and your height. So doing a height there for an adult is very similar to doing the height for a child. And again, you can click on this link and I'll show you a nice little video on how to do that. All right, so weighing.  When the child is old enough to sit, the child can be weighed sitting on the scale but fibers and clothes have to be removed. Head circumference, as I said, this measurement is obtained in younger children to ensure proper development. This is how we place the plastic tape or the measurement around the largest part of the head, just above the eyebrows and around the most prominent part of the back of the head. Next, we wanna move on to cognitive development. Now, cognitive development is something that will be assessed during a pediatric assessment. So cognitive milestones represent very important steps forward in a child's development. And so this is where you assess your patient's ability to communicate. Their vocabulary, their gestures. You also wanna take note of how they think or how they're problem solving. And again, here is a nice little link that you can click on and you can see all of the cognitive developmental milestones that are considered norms for a growing child. Psychosocial development. So we also want to assess the child's communication skills, how they play, what their temperament is like. Now, Eric Erickson was an ego psychologist and he developed one of the most important and influential theories of psychosocial development. And this theory is based on biological, psychological and social factors that a person may encounter during their life. And so here are Eric Erickson's stages of psychosocial development. Stage one, trust versus mistrust. Stage two is autonomy versus shame and doubt. Three is initiative versus guilt. Stage four is industry versus inferiority. And then identity versus confusion from the teen years to 18 years old. And so stage one through stage five is most appropriate for the pediatric assessment of course, stage six, seven and eight. So happen, but we're not assessing that because we're generally, we're not gonna see pediatric patients after they turn 18. And here is a link for you to see more about Eric Erickson's stages of psychosocial development a little bit more in depth. And so that concludes it here for our pediatric assessment. If again, you know, you always know if you have any questions, if you have any concerns, if you need to clarify anything, you know, you can always email me schedule office hours with me as well. And thanks so much for coming and listening.


Today I have the pleasure of speaking with Hubert Vallée of Canadian Metals. How are you today, Hubert? Very good, Tracy. Thank you very much. Well, first of all, I'd like to start by, of course, you just became the CEO in December. Is that correct? That's correct, yes. And you have a very impressive background, but I know I'm not going to be able to get you to speak about your background, so tell us about this new board member you just announced. Yes. We recently announced Guy Simard, which is the ID Manic representative. It would be sit on our board and acting actively to promote the project. And of course, this is a project that if you do not know about it, we're going to introduce you to Canadian Metals properly. This is a quartz project, and it's your goal is to be a fully integrated quartz project. Is that correct? Yes. We fully own the deposit of quartz, and we intend to build a smelter in Becomu just across the St. Lawrence River. And if you don't know anything about quartz, tell us a little bit about the quartz market. Just give us a kind of an overview. With the quartz and using the smelters, we're going to produce the silicone alloy product, which is an added value product, mostly used in the solar panel, the electronic chips, mag wheel, silicone, every kind of silicone. So this is a coming, emerging and expanding market. We expect this market is going to expand for the next 10 years for 5% per year. And of course, you're not just another quartz development project. You have infrastructure and many elements of your project well underway. Can you be really specific and tell us what makes Canadian Metals so intriguing to potential new shareholders? So in Becomu, we will access a very good infrastructure support railway. We can expedite our final product to all around the planet in North America and by overseas. So and also access a good electricity, very good electricity, reliable and relatively cheap electricity. Well, I've seen some pictures of your infrastructure and it looks very impressive to me, but you keep bringing up Bocomo. Can you tell us a little bit more about what this is? The smelter in Becomu will consist in three arc furnace of 35 MW producing 50,000 ton of silicone alloys per year. So that's the basic infrastructure in Becomu. So for any of our shareholders out there or for someone who's interested in becoming a shareholder, I know your company is moving very quickly with your benchmarks. That's part of the reason why you're so quiet. Can you tell us what we should anticipate over the next couple of quarters? Yeah, what we should anticipate is we want to produce a pre-visibility study by the year end, at the latest early next year. With that, we could move forward with the big financing steps and we expect to start the construction somewhere in 2019, 2020. You're starting construction in 2019, 2020? And so production of course will happen at that time. Production somewhere in 2020, 2021. We will start the first furnace, the second furnace and the third furnace. And do you have any off-take agreements in place yet? Not yet, but many discussions is now having place. Well certainly with the new addition of course, as you as CEO and the new board member to add, you're already a very prominent board team. We expect some very exciting things from Canadian Metals, so thank you Hubert for joining us today. Thank you very much Tracey.


that we invite Vishali Banerjee, Managing Director, Platinum Guild International, which is the PGI, where Shali made a shift from the advertising and marketing industry to the jewelry industry to create a category awareness for the metal that was lesser known in the subcontinent. She's been instrumental in building India's successful relationship with the highest valued and rare metal, which we all know about, which is platinum. She led the charge for the Platinum Guild International to enter a traditional jewelry market and create a new aspirational category for platinum-based jewelry. A firm believer in the merits of artists' research and data-driven insights, Vishali has also a keen eye for evolving consumer needs and new business opportunities, which has led the establishment of thriving high-end platinum jewelry market in India. A marketing professional with extensive experience in category creation and market development across lifestyle and luxury brands, Vishali is somebody who understands the importance of building a network of strong relationships. And in conversation, of course, we've got Dr. Anuradha Batra, Chairman and Editor-in-Chief Exchange for Media and BW Business World. And as Mr. Batra rightly said, that they'll be discussing on why television is central to building brands. So with this, it is time for me to pass on the light, Baton, to two of our dignitaries on the stage and I'm sure it's gonna be a great fireside chat and we're looking forward for this discussion. Over to you, Dr. Batra. Thank you, Batma. Vishali, good afternoon and thank you for making time. Time, we've understood, is the biggest asset one has when I was 12 years old. My mother, who still calls me two dimes a day and I feel blessed, used to tell us that only two things matter in life. She used to say time is money and health is wealth. I think pandemic has made us realize how deep those are and they're still true. First, let me start by asking you, Vishali, how have been the last 23 months for you both personally and professionally? Hi and good afternoon to everyone and thank you for inviting me and for the wonderful introduction. It's really good that we are talking about a time where we can look back and hope that we are moving forward in whichever way of form. I think last year has also shown us that disruption may be a way of life but probably and hopefully it will be better as we move forward as the health infrastructure improves, vaccination improves, hopefully the complete disaster of COVID is something that we can leave behind us. So, and as you asked me how the last two years have been, like for everyone, it has been very challenging both personally as well as professionally. I think that has been a crossboard. I don't think there's anybody who hasn't been challenged by this in the first year. Of course, it was about just not knowing very much about it, not knowing, being faced with something like this was just unprecedented really and how to deal with it, bringing life to a complete standstill. And last year, I think the human loss, loss of lives and loved ones has been more severe. So I think it has been, as you said, the truths that you have learned when you were 11 years old holds very, very, very true today. And in terms of the business, I think what has happened is people have learned to live with this. People have learned to rethink, to be more agile. I think those are the good things that the pandemic has taught us in terms of business is really to think on your feet and be extremely agile and to recapture demand as it comes. And we have seen a fairly swift recovery in quarter four of 2020 and quite a sharp, be unexpected and then again last year. So I think there have been a lot of lessons learned at a human level and at a business level. And I hope we can take these lessons forward really. I think you're on mute. I want to keep it to brand building, business building and television advertising, but I just want to say that philosophically, I think one of the things that I've learned is kind candor, you know, which is being, I mean, we have to be candid, but doing it in a more sensitive way, the kind where at least I'm talking, maybe you and a lot of you were already sensitized. And second is the fact that never say never, you know, as you rightly said, we've shown as individuals and organizations that we are resilient, we're truly dogged and we are truly grateful for, you know, surviving as individuals, as families, as businesses, because there was a huge loss of life and livelihoods during these. Totally. But there are good things and I keep giving these statistics and just to contextualize while digital is growing, television continues to be the number one medium. Tell us how has been your organization's journey and you are building a category, you know, you are creating a category, you are enhancing the category. So especially the role of brand building becomes even more important when you're enhancing and broad basing a category. Tell me what have been your experiences with television advertising and why do you believe television advertising still builds brand in a massive way? Okay, you know, everybody will know and you know, this will be of no surprise that okay, FNCG and mass products all need television, but for a category like platinum, which is really niche and in jewelry, which is high in lifestyle product, even for a category like ours, actually television is very, very important because I would start at the outset to say what does the brand of the business need and that will define television. So for us at PGI, when you look at it, as you said, it was a new category in a very established jewelry market because India's a very, very established jewelry market. For a category to even get any kind of mind share, we have to first have the basic level of awareness and nothing but television gives you that kind of reach, not even with our kind of audience because platinum is really focused on a very, very young urban audience, right? But even at this kind of audience, about a decade and a half back, it was more than 85% source of awareness with television and today, even with the rise of digital, 55% source of awareness, source of awareness, forget what we do. Source of awareness for a platinum is through television. So you cannot walk away from the media. Sorry, your own news. And the credibility and the halo of TV advertising. Yes, that's what I meant. And also, then if you have to create brands, okay? So one is about just delivering reach in your messaging so that you at least get to people before you can even build consideration or preference. They have to first know. And then it's about the entire communication around it. So yes, you can have the films, the kind of emotions that you can build and television. Of course, you can have digital films today and you will run it on video channels. So it is real to start with it was only television but with the growth of digital, it is an and. It is not an or. You cannot do either or it's not. And especially for audience such as ours, it is television and digital. Because there's a report which I had just seen which is that it's done by Accenture which says TV plus paid search is about two to four times brand ROI. And the way that is measured is through awareness, consideration, purchase intent, all the things that as brands we all measure. So it is really an and. And that is the way it is and it's going to be. Absolutely. And you quoted a qualitative survey in terms of the qualitative impact of advertising. And it is borne out by the numbers that advertisers are willing to put on television. The broadcasters are willing to put in terms of IPs which are big like IPL and other big IPs, you know, which may not be at the scale of IPL but still are very big. So clearly television stays mainstream. Now let me also, as you're expanding the base of PGI, the regional markets become very important. Tier three cities become very important and especially television is helping you kind of go there. How have you used regional to be able to penetrate into tier two and tier three cities? So we've actually used regional television right from the outset, even for tier one metro markets because if you look at the south of India, if you look at the east of India, they're very, very proud of their languages and rightfully so. So you've got to get into because there is nothing that builds a connect with people, you know, you speak their language. So, you know, regional television, even when we were looking at south of India and south of SARS, it still continues to be our largest market. We looked at regional television. We look at regional television for all, you know, whether it's east India or west India because language is very, very important. So even for metro markets and then now that we're looking at tier two, tier three because distribution, the consumer, there's a high interest and awareness of even in tier two, tier three cities. Now, we know that about 80, 85% is television reach in tier two, tier three. Yes, you know, we have digital which is increasing which is now I think at about 60 plus, 67 odd percent in tier two, tier three. And that has been a significant growth because it was in the thirties, I think in 2016 or so. But television still rules the rules at 80, 85. So we have to build awareness and get through to people that will be very much part of our media mix going forward. Thank you so much. As you move into 2022 and 2023, possibly we all are more optimistic, bullish and hence doubling up on our initiatives, you know, whether it's in the supply side, distribution side, demand generation side. Tell me what are the objectives of PGI over the next six to 12 months? So if we look at it, you know, I briefly mentioned that last year the recovery was very strong. So this year we are hopeful, even though we did have Omicron and business was a bit disrupted in the month, you know, middle Jan to middle of Feb. But again, it has been short and less severe on human health and livelihoods than the past. Luckily, and we hope that will continue. So for the next year, year and a half, we are very bullish on the market going forward. And we've already last quarter seen growth over pre-pandemic level at a quarter to quarter level. And this year, that's our expectation that we will deliver growth as a category of pre-pandemic level. So pre-pandemic levels, the category has been, you know, posting at about between 20 to 25% growth annually. And I think we should go back to that. There is the demand is very strong. There is demand much, you know, beyond metros right now, tier two, tier three, which we were talking about in terms of availability, retail distribution, it's got almost 40% distribution already over there. So these are the cities that are next on our list in terms of market penetration, as well as new segments. So now we have three category brands, one we've just launched the last quarter. So I think in the next year, year and a half, we will see these brands really delivering on the growth and their potential. Okay, as you engage with media platforms and television media platforms, what are your expectations this year from them, which are different in the last year? Because last year was an unusual year. While you said the comeback was strong, the numbers happened, and we had a better Diwali than we had in 2020, 2021 Diwali was still better, relatively. What are your expectations in terms of product offerings, pricing, packaging from television media platforms this year, which are different from last year? So if we look at it, given that now it is not an eye or it is an ant across. So as marketers, it has to be an integrated media campaign. It has to be because you have a fairly seamless consumer journey across media, whether it's television, digital, wherever else, and so we expect, now you don't have budgets that go up significantly. So it is a question for every marketer, it is to build efficiency, is to build effectiveness and you cannot look at one medium versus another medium. You have to look at one medium and another medium. So I think expectation, at least our expectation would be for media houses to also respond to these needs as marketers that we have, because ultimately that leads to healthy business and therefore healthy industries right across if we can generate that kind of business. Fantastic. Yes, also I would say all of us are in the repeat business. So as businesses grow, as brands grow, as there is success from campaigns and market growth and market share growth, logically, there's more investment into media to be able to grow to the next logical stage. Let me ask you my last two questions. One is a specific question on media and the other a little more philosophical question. First is, again, we've called this TV first, so we clearly believe that both for audiences and hence for advertisers, television still for large advertiser still stays because they can afford it, both in terms of getting the best creative and then being able to put money behind the media space. They do it. There is a rise of D2C branch, okay? And as you see, a lot of brands that became D2C are now coming to television. I can give you at least five such examples, if not more. So clearly television is a multiplier. Otherwise, I mean, they've had spectacular growth through D2C, but the fact that they want to be more relationship oriented, they want to bring that. When you evaluate a TV plan, how much do you put in terms of brand building in your mind and how much is it about driving sales on an event, event meaning a festival or a sale or a new product offering? So give us a sense of in your mind, how do you qualitatively assess brand building? Well, there are quantitative, very quantitative tools to be able to do that research. How are you able to use it to be able to drive both brand building and market expansion and sales? Give us some examples and some data. So Anurag for us, television plays the role of brand building. That's very clear. That's why we use television. It is the right platform to build our brand. Today, doing this consistently over the past, over more than a decade and a half, we have very high spontaneous awareness and consideration levels for platinum as a metal in our target group of 85 plus. Now that's quite, for us, it's very exciting because it is a very niche category and we are a gold dominated market. So if you have consideration for platinum at such a high level, that to our mind is the role that the brands play. For tactical promotions, we are a guild. So for us, these are the brands that we build and the brands will, the retail side of it does more tactical, we are more branded and sure we launch new collections, but then we use other mediums to really talk through the collection. There is the digital medium for that. There is the print medium for that. Television plays the role of holding our brands and communicating the values of our brands. I understand that. And it brought, bringing me to my last logical question is sporting events are getting bigger and bigger, more important and the audiences continue to throng and when they had time in COVID, they watched a lot of sport. So what is your plan at PGI in terms of big sporting, leveraging sporting properties including IPL for brand building and targeting the male audiences? Of course, correct me if my impression or understanding is right that your category is primarily for women, right? But that is a perception. That's why I'm doing it. So how do you bring in more male audiences leveraging the sporting properties including IPL for brand? So our first category brand that Pluton launched is Pluton Love Bands, which is a couple band for between a girl and a boy. So therefore we have targeted men right from the outset. 2019, we created a brand and launched a brand called Men of Platinum, which targets the young urban affluent men in India. So it's not only about women. Platinum in India has always been about men and women both. And to talk to your sporting events, this is something that we actually tried last year. We wanted to look at the IPL. We started off an initiative with IPL and then we were hit with Wave 2. We did look at World Cup and that we did with Hot Star. So, and that has given us very, very significant results. You know, our aided awareness went up by 38%, our consideration increased by 26% within this audience.  Cricket is consumed by men and women in India. Of course I am. Yes. And then we have an association with KL Rahim for our Men of Platinum collection that we had launched last year. And we are also actively looking at how we could use the IPL platform this year. So sporting events, as you rightly said, are big. And if you have a male oriented brand then it makes real good sense. Fantastic. My last philosophical question. We are around the end of February, the women's day is around. And it's, you know, while I don't believe in days, you know, you've got to have the same outlook, of course, but like we celebrate birthday once a year, there's more focus and it's a special day. In that sense, there is a women's day. And what is your message to women in our industry in the business domain, advertising, marketing, media? You've risen to the top of your game. What is a leadership mantra that you'd like to give to women who are in the middle level and who are looking to become leaders of their companies, become MDs, become CEOs, become founders of businesses? What has been your success mantra and what would be your advice to these young women? You know, I don't think there should be advice because young women today are men and women, actually. As you said, that, you know, we don't need a one women's day to celebrate women. We must celebrate ourselves, men and women, right through the year. And I would just say in terms of the kind of leadership and that actually applies to both men and women, both since you asked for some advice on women as leaders, I would say just as leaders, what I think and what I think is right for the moment and definitely the last two years have taught us how important that is. It's really about compassion and empathy, leadership with compassion and empathy. It is about being resilient. It's about putting your people first because that is at the heart of my leadership and I think that is very, very crucial as we move forward in this world is to be inclusive, carrying your people along, have empathy when you're dealing with them. You will bring out the best in them. There will be a sense of belonging and passion in what they bring to work. So it is really about the leadership that we need as we move forward in this world. We feel this, we can, and this is to women out there, just be fearless because it is a world that you can just fly. Absolutely. I'm coming from somebody who's walked the talk and achieved. I said advice in the sense of tips, sharing your journey because nothing works like carrying it from a person who's herself done it. And you're right, achievement does not look at the gender, but I would say that the last two years for women have been tougher because women inside homes, they've, you know, I'm not necessarily talking of you, but there are many surveys that UN has done where women have been at a disadvantage. Absolutely, but more so. Yes. Their workload has grown and women will always try to balance between families, equally important. And I would not like to make a sweeping statement, but men tend to, at least I tend to focus a little more on my work than sometimes on my family. And that's where my wife as a rock solid support helps.  I would say also self-care has become very, very important. You cannot take care of others if you don't take care. And you rightly said, be fearless. And I would say, have an ambition. Once you have an ambition and you throw out a wish in the universe, magic happens. So on that happy note and television first, and you said that this year you're going to use sporting IPs to be able to build the PGI brand. We wish you luck in your future. And I'm sure more and more audiences will get your message and adopt your products. And clearly I stand corrected and I look at the products that you have for men and definitely going back more educated. So thank you. Thank you so much. It was lovely talking to you. Thank you so much. Thank you so much.


Ahoy, ahoy, and welcome to the channel. I'm Dr. Sumerian, not a real doctor, and today we are going to discuss how to better contain SCP-096. So let's get started. Item number, SCP-096, Object Class Euclid, Special Containment Procedures. SCP-096 is to be contained in its cell, a 5 meter by a 5 meter by a 5 meter airtight steel cube at all times. Weekly checks for any cracks or holes are mandatory, and there to be absolutely no video surveillance or optical tools of any kind inside SCP-096's cell. Security personnel will use pre-installed pressure sensors and laser detectors to ensure SCP-096 is present inside the cell. Any and all photos, video, or recordings of SCP-096's likeness are strictly forbidden without approval from Dr. Blackbox and O5 Blackbox. Okay, so we know SCP-096, and we're going to split this again, or at least try anyway, just split this into three sections. First of all, we'll talk about the containment procedures as they are, and maybe some of the flaws inherent in the way they were written. First of all, this is very, this is classic SCP, so classic Series 1 SCP stuff, which contains just so many problems. So it's to be contained in its cell, which is a 5 meter by 5 meter by 5 meter airtight steel cube. When creating your containment procedures, consider for a moment whether or not you need to be this explicit, because this is, containment procedures are strictly prescriptive, right? If for some reason they discover that SCP-096, which necessarily need not be viewed, so it's very important to keep it from being viewed, is in a 5.06 meter by 5.1 by 4.93 meter cube, they have to change it. And I know it seems silly and stupid, and that's because it is, but the SCP Foundation's containment procedures are exact for a reason. If they're exact for no reason, you've screwed it up.  It does not need to be an airtight steel cube at 5 meters by 5 meters by 5 meters. If it's shorter, it'll still be alright. 5 meters is quite sufficient, don't get me wrong, but if they want to change the dimensions of it for some reason, there's no compelling reason to stop them from doing so. So anyway, then we're going to go into, there are to be absolutely no video surveillance or optical tools of any kind inside SCP-096's cell. This is a mistake. Whilst it is perfectly reasonable, I should say, this is an example where they haven't gotten specific enough. There to be no video surveillance or optical tools of any kind inside SCP-096's cell. First of all, I feel video surveillance or optical tools is probably insufficiently specific, but even if it were sufficiently specific, it shouldn't just be 096's cell. SCP-096, given its ability, if any time somebody views its face, which we haven't really quite talked about just yet, but any time somebody views its face, whether it's a video recording in person, a photograph 3,000 miles away, the entity instantaneously knows and eventually will go and kill them, and it's very difficult to keep him away from his target. In fact, as far as it's been seen on the SCP Wiki, it's impossible to keep him away from his target, which means no barriers will stop him. Which means that the site he's on should be independent, and video surveillance and optical tools should not be allowed on the whole site, or at least for the wing of the site. That's the inside of the cell. I've seen so many fans, I think I even saw fan made, one of the more recent fan movies, which was an SCP-096 containment breach, had video surveillance of the outside of the cell. Why? If he breaches the cell, it feels silly to me. But then there's nothing wrong with the pressure sensors and laser detectors to ensure its presence inside the cell, though I feel it feels odd, it feels like there are probably better ways to do that. Anyway, any and all photo, video, or record, I was thinking of motion sensors. Any and all photos, video, or recordings of SCP-096's likeness are strictly forbidden. I get what they're saying, and I feel as though it is sufficient. But there is no reason for it to be so awkwardly worded as to possibly be misinterpreted by somebody else.  They do need to be specific, where they need to be specific. This is the biggest problem I see in the old-style SCPs, especially old-series-1 stuff. I'm not saying anything about the people who like them, I'm not saying anything about the quality necessarily of the article, but you'll see overly specific, and then as they continue along, they get less and less specific, and more and more vague, and more and more awkwardly phrased until the point where sometimes you'll get to them and they could mean literally anything. So what you want to say here is the actions, you're not allowed to take photographs, you're not allowed to make recordings of SCP-096's likeness, and likenesses of SCP-096 that are found in the wild are to be confiscated and destroyed. So say that. Anyway, let's talk for a moment about the actual anomaly itself. SCP-096 is a humanoid creature measuring approximately 2.3 meters in height. Subject shows very little muscle mass, it's blah, blah, blah, there's a whole bunch of stuff here. It's a monster description. The important part is that when you view it, you get the picture, I don't need to, hopefully you don't get the picture, but you get the picture of what this is. But it is a humanoid creature, and that means there are definitively ethical considerations that you have to take into account with just with regards to its containment. So first of all, there's nothing that precludes, as far as we know, non-visual observation of SCP-096. And you might be like, what does that mean? Well, you can hear it. He's walking around just because you heard him doesn't mean that he's coming for you. And in fact, you can view, technically, SCP-096 as long as you don't directly view its face. So what we understand about SCP-096, despite it being a sentient anomaly, there have to be certain strictly followed, what's the word I'm looking for here, strictly followed containment procedures. The actual terminology is exactly right there on the page, because the risk, it's always a risk-reward thing if certain procedures can prevent massive loss of life, which SCP-096 has escaped before and has caused massive loss of life. So if very simple procedures can prevent that loss of life, they should be taken into consideration. Now what does this mean with SCP-096? Well, despite the fact that it is a sentient entity, they've already decided that it needs to be completely isolated from people. That's not necessarily a thing that has to happen. It's completely docile when you don't view its face. So why not have every member of the containment team be blind? And we're talking about physically blind. It's important that it's not some sort of psychological blinding because something could... And you're like, what does that mean? There is a difference between your eyes literally won't work and your brain can't process visual data, right? And there's differences in that too. So let's be clear about that. Make sure that everybody working on containment of SCP-096 is physically incapable of sight, right? Just on the off chance that one of them gets their sight back at the wrong time. Now it doesn't need to be alone. Seventy percent of the people who are legally blind in America are unemployed for really no reason. It's sort of a stigma when you tell someone, hey, I'm blind and you're looking for a job that tends to turn people off from the idea of hiring you. And there's not really much of a point to that or reason for it. And beyond that, it's discrimination on the basis of disability. But we're not talking about that because the SCP Foundation probably doesn't care about discrimination on the basis of disability. I like to think of them as a hyper competent organization. So they don't think on those terms and in this particular case and not just this case, there are plenty of SCPs, not one seven three, but there are plenty of SCPs that would be easier to contain if your expertise or should say your expert containment staff were simply blind and you can probably think of a couple off the top of your head right now. And I don't even have to name them. So SCP 096 is the one we're talking about here. So you don't have to leave SCP 096 alone. But at the same time, you don't have to subject it to whatever causes this terrible amount of pain and suffering, because it seems like looking at its face causes it pain and suffering. You put it in a contained area where and research can still be run on what it is, how it works, all these other things in a responsible way with blind staff, period. So much simpler. We have an additional solution for that, of course. And a lot of people will talk about this and it's in the containment procedure, not necessarily in the containment procedures here, but it's in the containment protocols for the MTFs that go after him, right?  Now, there are almost certainly ways to do this that are not inhumane, right? A bag is inhumane. But you could put a mask on this thing and do it in such a way as that it can see out and no one can see in. You could. You can do that, right? So put a mask on this thing. Make sure that the blind employee and the blind employees of the foundation ensure that mask is secure on a regular basis. And even if it is and make sure that it is built out of something that won't be destroyed by it running headfirst through a concrete wall, by the way, or running at high speeds and seeing it blown off. But figure out a way to put a mask on this thing that isn't inhumane, which is entirely possible, that blocks view from the outside, but not from the inside and give it the companionship of people who literally cannot see its face. Done and make sure that all this takes place in a closed environment, right? And by the way, this is all about terrestrial containment. There are considerations for the possibilities of keeping it contained in outer space somewhere, perhaps on the moon, perhaps on a space station. None of those are really viable currently, so it's not really worth considering. But for terrestrial containment, they're really. And I say this and kind of there's a little bit of sadness to it because I would love to make an iron clad containment here. There's no way to prevent. To find all the pictures of this thing, unless you're thinking of some anomalous method, which there may be, but unless you use some sort of anomaly to locate these items, there's no real way to find every photo, every video that could potentially exist of this thing. So you just kind of have to hope to keep it in a box and hope and not a small box, build the box that I talked about earlier, but keep it in that box and just hope and put a mask on it so that when it does get out, it doesn't additionally contaminate. And this is a Nympho hazard sort of thing or should say a Cognito hazard more accurately, because once you are cognizant of its face, you have now you are now dead, essentially. It's a little bit more complex than that, but that's the truth. Make sure that other people can't be infected with the Cognito hazard when it escapes, that is the best you can do. Anyway, that's it. If you have a better idea and I know a lot of people probably like, put it in space or put it on the moon. And I actually talked about this in one of my previous videos.  It's going to take him for even if somehow he manages to make the exact predictive calculations of where you're going to be when he gets to you. It's still going to take him hundreds of years at any. There's no speed he can make. It's going to take him hundreds or thousands of years to cross across even interplanetary space because space is really huge. OK, anyway, I just wanted to go over some of the basics. If you have a better idea, let me know in the comments down below. And then hit the subscribe button. Carl, I don't know how many times I have to tell you this. If you're watching my channel and you're not subscribed, what's wrong with you? Carl, this is this is why people don't like you. OK, just hit the subscribe button and then hit the notification bell next to that so you're notified when I upload new videos. It's so simple. And then head on over to patreon.com. Ford slash D Sumerian and pledge at any level, like everybody here on the screen already has, including Dr. Jay Redacted and Cinderriki, who have both pledged at $100 and Morgan, who has pledged at $40. It is nice to know that I'm not alone out here and I will see you all again on Tuesday. Took me a second to remember what day it was.