What is up you guys welcome back to another one if you are new to the channel I'm Gulponi and today we are in the new 2020 Honda CR-V courtesy of Apple Honda in York PA and so I wanted to check this one out this year because there have been plenty of changes actually for the 2020 CR-V. Not only that this thing is insanely reliable it's rated above average reliability back in Cimmer Report so therefore it is a pretty solid bet to start right there so what do you say let's go ahead and jump right into it and as always let's start with pricing. So of course there will be a few different trim levels for the 2020 CR-V first one being the LX starting at $25,050 then you have the EX starting at $27,560 EXL starting at $30,050 lastly the touring the one we are in today starting at $33,250 and so regardless of trim level though power plant on this one is going to be the same powering this little beast is going to be a 1.5 liter turbocharged inline four cylinder engine and this is the same engine standard across the board this year previously there was a naturally aspirated engine available so that's why I put it that way but nonetheless power comes in at 190 horsepower at 5600 rpm 179 pound feet of torque available from the power band of 2000 to 5000 rpm power is going to be sent to either front wheels or all wheels through Honda's all-wheel drive system of course power sent to the ground there through a CVT giving 0 to 60 time approximately 7.5 seconds with mpg numbers coming in at 28 in the city 34 highway for the front wheel drive 27 city 32 highway for the all-wheel drive either way taking regular unleaded fuel aka 87 octane so save a little bit of money there but don't want to mention before we do any kind of accelerations here there are a couple different driving modes there is a sport mode you can simply shift into and then there is also an eco mode just to the right of the shifter and that's one thing I always played around with with my previous civics if you put that econ mode on when you're on a long stretch of highway maybe on your commute to work that is going to save you a ton of mpgs but what I've found that my civics elast is quite substantially higher than the highway number given to us on the actual sticker so that is something to consider if you are using this as a commuter vehicle but nonetheless what those driving modes are actually going to do is adjust things like the shift points throttle response and actually the climate control settings if you did put it in that econ mode it is actually going to decrease some of the climate control so saving a little bit of energy there having said all that what do you guys say let's have some fun let's actually put the shifter into that sport driving mode it did just immediately downshift for me like they always do giving you more power on demand so that's always a good thing but having done that let's go ahead and do a quick little acceleration here and let's see how quickly we can get this new 2020 Honda CR-V up to speed and here we go does actually kind of pin you in the back of your seat certainly not going to have any issues merging onto the highway in the CR-V a kind of surprise there then again on the other hand I I never liked CVTs they're kind of emotionless to kind of take the joy out of a joy out of driving a little bit but still a very impressive acceleration more than I expected at least for the Honda CR-V so that was actually kind of nice but to go along with that acceleration as always braking is equally important and so up front you're going to have 11.1 inch ventilated front discs in the back 10.2 inch solid rear discs as far as 60 to 0 goes it comes in at 116 feet and for comparison sake because that's actually a pretty decent number there Mazda CX-5 comes in at 123 feet 2024 to escape also 123 feet so 116 feet as far as stopping goes is definitely pretty darn good better than the competition I should say as far as the braking feel goes definitely excellent no brake pedal delay in the CR-V and that is something I do like to mention because if you jump up actually to the Acura RDX there's a little brake pedal delay there so it is kind of nice that the Honda CR-V gets it right there any who touching on suspension and handling up front you're going to get a McPherson strut front suspension in the back a multi-link double wishbone rear suspension also front and rear stabilizer bars it's all pretty standard for the most part as far as ride quality goes it's actually been really nice I just hit a pothole back there it certainly soaked that up pretty nicely so certainly don't see any issues taking the CR-V to Ocean City or any road trips so that is definitely on point as far as the steering feel goes it's actually a little bit on the heavier side so I kind of surprised me too usually when you hop into CR-V you expect it to be kind of loosey-goosey and not much emotion there but it is kind of a heavier weighted steering wheel which is a good thing it's not like the typical SUV which is kind of super loosey-goosey and there's no steering response of course it's not too heavy I'm just saying it is a nice weight to the steering wheel on the CR-V as far as cabin noise goes that has been absolutely excellent I feel like I can hear myself a lot louder in this car than the previous Civic Si just got in but certainly no issues with exterior noises coming into the cabin so that is certainly on point as well that's touching on visibility a little bit I can see perfectly fine out the back this second row headrests are kind of beefy but still because of the shape of the CR-V you really don't have any issues with visibility so that is definitely on point as well but so now that about rounds out the performance segment of this review let's now go ahead and take a look at the exterior because we actually do have a new collar for 2020 on this particular CR-V we have today so let's go ahead and take a look at the exterior of this new 2020 Honda CR-V all right you guys and here it is the 2020 Honda CR-V with its revised front end for 2020 for instance that thick chrome bar that used to be to the left and the right of the Honda emblem is now black that is one of the subtle differences you can find silver trim line accenting in the lower portion of the front bumper that's going to be around the fog lights down there and kind of accenting the intercooler found on the bottom portion of the front bumper as well and quite honestly that's probably the two most noticeable differences up front there so we're just going to leave it at that but to the sides you will find multi reflector halogen headlights for the LX EX and EX L trim levels and of course they will come with the automatic feature meaning when it starts to get dark out they will turn on automatically for you there and you will actually get led daytime running lights that will come standard up front as well of course if you want with the EX trim level and up that is going to add those fog lights just below and you will actually find led headlights if you were to go with the top of the line touring trim level that you are currently looking at right now and so slightly different housings for those headlights too with the touring compared to the rest of the three trim levels as well so I did want to mention that too and so taking a step back real quick I did want to mention some of the measurements in case you were parking this in a tight area that you were used to or a garage or anything like that as far as the length goes that comes in at 182.1 inches height comes in at 66.5 inches with 73 inches even and up front you will find 8.2 inches of ground clearance in case you have a rocky driveway perhaps on the back roads or anything like that but let's go ahead now make our way to the side of this one roof rails are actually going to come standard with the touring trim level only I do like the silver roof rails too I like that they're silver instead of just black and nice little accent color to the roof there nonetheless rear privacy glass EX trim level and up that does mean you will not get rear privacy glass if you were to go with the LX trim law I do want to emphasize that chrome windows surrounds of course will come standard as well let's take a look at the side mirrors now black powered side mirrors will come with the LX trim level however if you go with the EX trim level and up you will find body colored heated power adjustable side mirrors with integrated turn signals and again that is specific to the EX EX L and touring trim levels in case you were curious there and by the way one more thing before I continue here I mentioned we had a new color rapid red is the exterior color that you are currently looking at right now just in case you were interested I always like to mention that take a look down the wheel setup 17 inch alloy wheels will come with the LX trim level 18 inch alloy wheels will come with the EX trims and lastly 19 inch alloy wheels are going to come with the touring trim level and you kind of like those chrome accents there in the side skirts it ties together pretty well with those chrome windows surrounds on the side too so definitely a nice look to it up top you will find a shark fin antenna towards the back and making a way to the back rear spoiler with an integrated brake light will come standard also just below that rear window wiper and here's the funny thing they eliminated the chrome around the Honda emblem in the front and they left it in the back so I don't know it's kind of interesting they did that but nonetheless I do like the 3d effect to the tail lights if you guys can kind of see that and it is actually a smoked effect for the 2020 model year you guys can kind of see their smoked housings to the lights for 2020 that is something they did not have previously so kind of gives it a more aggressive appearance so I do like that as well then moving down to the bottom here when it comes to the exhaust outlets are actually going to differ amongst the trim levels they're actually going to be tucked away if you go with the LX EX or EXL trim levels however if you were to go with the touring you will find exposed dual exhaust outlets with chrome tips so you guys know what we have to do next as always here is that exhaust clip it's open now since we are around back as far as opening that rear liftgate goes there actually are a couple different ways there is a button on the key fob that is probably the easiest route there's also a button by the driver's left knee that is yet another way didn't want to mention however for the EXL and touring trim levels you will get a power liftgate that's definitely convenient and if you go with the touring trim level you will actually get a hands-free power liftgate so all you need to do is simply walk up to that rear liftgate kick your foot underneath the rear bumper and that is going to automatically open up for you so that is definitely something very convenient especially if you have your hands full of kids or bro trees or whatever really so it's definitely a convenient feature there to have but once opened up cargo capacity is going to come in at 39.2 cubic feet behind that second row and so that is actually a good bit you guys for comparison sake the Toyota RAV4 comes in at 37.6 cubic feet Mazda CX-5 30.9 cubic feet so CR-V takes it amongst them at least so quite a bit of space if that was not enough space however those rear seats actually do fold down there is a 60-40 split bumping that up to 75.8 cubic feet and along with that in that cargo area did what I also mentioned there are cargo area lights back there a cargo tie-down anchors also for all trim levels and if you want with the EX trim leveling up you will find a retractable cargo area cover as well and then I know somebody's going to ask is there any in-floor storage I guess you could say there is underneath that cargo floor there there's a spare tire of course so that is definitely a plus but within that there's quite a bit of space back there so quite honestly if you wanted to put maybe a tire inflator kit or something like that back there you should definitely have more than enough space so I would kind of call it in-floor storage although Honda doesn't market it as such so anyway I still wouldn't mention all of that nonetheless but make your way up to the rear legroom that comes in at 40.4 inches so for reference I'm in even six feet tall this is how much space I have back there and actually for comparison's sake once again Mazda CX-5 comes in at 39.6 inches Toyota RAV4 comes in at 37.8 inches so once again Honda CR-V takes it as far as rear legroom goes at least and also for those rear passengers they will find a rear center armrest with cup holders for all trims also rear ventilation back there for all trim levels as well it's definitely not something that always comes standard on the bottom trim level believe it or not so that's definitely nice then make your way to the front seats manually adjustable cloth seating you can find with the LX and EX trim levels if you jump up to the EXL or touring you will find a 12-way power adjustable driver seat with four-way power lumbar and the EX trim level and up is going to give you heated front seats touring trim level is going to give you leather finishes that's definitely nice is what we have today and once again with the touring you will find two position memory settings as well they're going to be on the driver's side door there then take a look at the steering wheel it is tilt and telescoping it will come leather wrapped for the EXL and touring trim levels heated as well if you were to go with the touring so on a 40 degree day here in Pennsylvania that heated steering wheel is definitely quite nice and by the way the button's on the right side of the steering wheel in case you were curious where that button was but nonetheless let's get to the startup here let me show you guys the key here to start you have your Honda logo on the one side and when you flip it over lock unlock and that button to pop the rear hatch and then that circular button on the side there that is actually a remote start and so with the EX trim level and up EX trim low I feel like is really the sweet spot for value with the CRV if you ask me at least you will find a remote start and a push button start as well the LX isn't going to get either of them but the EX trim level and up well so therefore all I am going to do is simply just put my foot on the brake and press that red engine start button located just by the driver's right knee there let's open that one started up engine temp is all the way to the left fuel information all the way to the right and then there is a large digital display front and center which can be controlled by using the steering wheel mountain controls on the left side there and so with that you will find a digital speedometer a fairly large digital speedometer you got your rpm readout all the way to the top outside temperature time of the day and of course plenty of other informations like your radio settings your oil life remaining when you need your next oil change essentially that's always nice because you'll find you don't necessarily need it every even three to five thousand miles sometimes you can go six or seven thousand miles before the car tells you that it needs its next oil change so it's definitely nice a little money saving measure there really I just plenty of other things actually you could check out up there as well then make your way to overall interior quality if you wanted a power moonroof simply once again go with the EX trim level and up dual zoom climate control once again the EX trim level and up homeland controls with the EXL and touring trim levels and they're actually going to be found on the roof here for up to three different garage doors and just beside that actually overhead sunglass holder that's actually going to be all trim levels though but it's nice to have in garage door openers you don't have the rattling of the garage door opener on the driver's side visor it's always a plus but ambient lighting you can find with the touring trim level wireless phone charger once again with the touring trim level located just in front of the cup holders there but perhaps probably the first thing I noticed when I first got into the CRV was the wood grain accents found not only on the back doors but the front doors just on top of the passenger side glove box there it's basically everywhere a very high end finish to a CRV that is nice to have wood grain accents there and actually it kind of continues the high-endness kind of continues just above that passenger side glove box you have a leather stitch finish all the way up that is definitely a nice touch as well with a piano black interior trim line going right across the middle there but wood grain accents also just beside the driver and passenger seating area as well of course you have two usb charging ports just in front of the wireless phone charge you have two cup holders just behind that and a very deep cargo area just behind the cup holders along with a 12 volt power outlet down there as well cool thing with this cargo area though is when you actually open up that armrest there there is actually a fold-down tray with a rubberized bottom if you had some things that maybe slide around a lot that rubberized bottom is definitely going to help out so that's definitely a plus as well but this is a really high-end finish I will say to the CRV more than I'm used to seeing in the CRV the only thing I would possibly add is maybe a high-end headliner because there's a pillars on the inside there they're just plastic but high-end headliner whether it be Alcantara suede or even a nice felt or something soft really not a plastic would definitely be a plus to this one overall really I'm just being picky there because overall it is a very nice luxurious even interior in the CRV so well done Honda there but let's now go ahead and take a look at the tech display five-inch color LCD screen will come with the LX if you go with the EX trim leveling up once again the sweet spot here for the CRV seven-inch high resolution color touchscreen display and although seven inches is more than five inches I will say seven inches is kind of behind the times when it comes to the competition a lot of the other SUVs in this class will have available eight-inch color touchscreen displays like the RAV4 like the Santa Fe even Subaru has been going to like 11 12-inch color touchscreen displays which is crazy but it's cool so I don't know maybe Honda can increase the screen size a little bit but it's not really a big deal honestly but Bluetooth and audio streaming will come standard across the board Android Auto and Apple CarPlay if you go with the EX trim level and up that is of course going to give you free navigation through your smartphone the ability to liken this like your Pandora songs up there and there's a couple other apps actually as well factory navigation is going to come with the touring trim level and of course you can check out your radio settings up there as well and by the way for each trim level of the CRV you will find a different number of speakers when it comes to the sound system I found that quite entertaining honestly Alex trim level is going to give you a four speaker sound system with 160 watts EX trim level is going to give you six speakers and 180 watts EXL trim level is going to give you eight speakers yet still 180 watts and lastly the touring is going to give you a nine speaker sound system basically adding a subwoofer to the eight speaker one with 330 watts so guys know what we have to do next what do you say let's go ahead and turn on the radio here see we got playing this morning and let's test out the clarity of this one sound system is amazing I love that bass is ridiculous clarity is great loudness is more than enough for the size of the CRV that freaking takes you to another world I absolutely love it sound system is banging in the touring trim level I will say that any you last thing I wanted to mention to you guys on that tech display is when you do put the CRV in reverse you will find a multi-angle rear view camera multi-angle meaning bottom left hand corner you actually have three different views you can choose from if you like letting you know who or what is behind you which is always is going to lead us into safety it's the first thing on safety I wanted to mention to you guys is the CRV is an IIHS top safety pick so that's always a plus to get started with front side and side curtain airbags will come standard in the back you're going to have latch aka lower anchors and tethers for children for the rear car seats also back there rear child door locks there's a tire pressure monitoring system that will come standard also standard across the board though Honda sensing let me elaborate on what that actually is forward collision warning is included with that lane departure warning collision mitigation braking system and a road departure mitigation system as well now going back to the EX trim level which I have told you guys is really the value sweet spot for the CRV that is going to add a blind spot monitoring system with rear cross traffic alert again for the EX trim level and up and the EXL and touring trim levels are also going to add for you an auto dimming rear view mirror hey so but that is about it for this one you guys thank you so much for watching if you're free to follow me on social media the bottom of the screen there if you like if you want to support the channel if you're free to buy some merch just below the video I don't know if I'm talking fast enough for you guys or not but be sure to hit the subscribe and the bell notification button if you're new car reviews do appreciate you guys watching more than you know and I will see you guys all in the next video stay gold


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overload here So we're gonna be talking about terrifier 3 in this video here today We'll be going over Damien Damien Leone's comments about the upcoming film and how we could potentially have an idea of what to expect For the runtime for terrifier 3 as well as further plot details that aren't too specific But are still giving us an idea of what direction the story could be taking Courtesy of his new comments that he had with an interview Exclusively with movie web now before I get into the runtime part I do want to highlight what Damien Leone highlighted as his goal going into terrifier 2 So he said that his goal with terrifier 2 Especially was to craft a very formidable final girl who was very relatable and an ambitious underdog or in an obvious Underdog against this seemingly immortal maniac Audience's love and underdog especially when they are using their wits encouraged to overcome extreme obstacles Now he's absolutely a hundred percent right there And I think he knocked it out of the park when it comes to the character of Sienna The problem that I know I've seen a lot of people cite for terrifier 2 is that the runtime is Is a little bit too much and I would argue that at least the runtime was used to accomplish Damien's goal He fleshed out some characters who were more than just bodies waiting to be axed off Sienna her brother Jonathan and even her mother were a nice family unit to focus on and using the lengthy runtime To flesh their struggles over the death of the dad allowed us as viewers to grow attached to them or at least say Hey, you know, I'm interested in this family making it through this In fact also what else what what additionally helped was that there were some teases of a connection between art the clown and Sienna's dad. We know that Sienna died. I think in a car accident But before that he seems to have been having some type of visions or some type of prophetic Images in his head that he was drawing in his journal as we see that all ultimately played out during the finale of Terrifier 2 so there's like a connection teased between art and this family So already that was another thing that they utilized to get us to invest in them even further to try to understand Okay, well, what's going on between art the clown and this family and I've seen the theory that art the clown could be seeing his dad I don't really subscribe to that myself But they did a good job giving us people to invest in that weren't simply just here to be added to the kill count Again, no, I can see why others think certain sequences like the iconic bedroom kill sequence goes on for far too long It makes the film drag at certain points Well, there might be some good news here today for those of you who thought they terrified to was just a little bit too long Or you completely hated the runtime all together Leone also said this with movie web when speaking about the runtime and Also teasing some of the plot details. He said the only thing I'm very conscious of when going into Terrify 3 is trying to make a film under two hours and pulling back slightly on The mystical fantasy element that was so prevalent in part 2 a fair amount of fans were dismissive of those two components But I personally loved the fantasy element surrounding Sienna and it is so crucial to her character and her Metamorphosis as arts nemesis that being said there is a way to maintain that element thematically We're not focusing on it too much visually. He's not wrong about that But I will say this I like that He's aware of What the fans are saying and he has enough confidence to address it in a cordial manner when asked about it You know, I'm not saying the other filmmakers don't do it But from my own experience is very rare that I come across this type of stuff I would argue that maybe he wouldn't do it as much if he were in the hands of one of those more Commercialized studios like Lionsgate your paramounts Blumhouse even because I know people would love to see art the clown Make it big like that. But to some degree I can see why Damien Leone is a little hesitant To get into business with them because it would damp it would damper on his vision It might also take away from his ability to be as transparent as he is being right now with movie web Granted that doesn't mean that that's exactly how it go down if he was in bed with those companies or in business I should say not in bed But diving into the next thing I want to talk about going back to the runtime It seems that we will have a shorter film next time But at what cost if there are a slew of new characters and no time is spent establishing them as important Then we will just have a lot of meaningless deaths But then again, it's just a slasher film still at the end of the day So do we really need every character to mean something to us? No, but I'm just saying if you have a lot of characters And there's nothing done with a lot of those new characters all of their deaths are going to be Meaningless they won't mean anything to me They won't evoke any sort of emotion and I would argue that if you have a lot of characters At least some of the newbies should be able to get a death that makes me feel some type of way They're not just being Friday the 13th if you will because I would argue that a lot of the Friday the 13th Sequels that is the mistake of those movies while I love them I really don't care when people die in those movies minus a handful of the ones that they again do what Damien Leon they did with Terrifier to gave us a family unit to invest in and then naturally I did not want anything to happen to them But if there's more than just that family unit present in Terrifier 3 and you're chalking on or chalking into the story a Lot of newbies I would hope that these newbies have some depth to them Have something for me to give a shit about if they die But if not, that's fine because again, it could be a story that's solely centered on Sienna her brother What's left of them their mental state arc the clown stalking them? It may be two to three newbies and if you have two to three newbies Maybe at least one of those three newbies can be fleshed out enough to the point that when they ultimately bite the dust I at least care while the other two were just simply there for the kill count and obviously you can have your throwaway kills Meaningless characters who are just simply here to die. I'm not talking about those people But I'm talking about when you want to go for the jugular with characters who have been occupying a lot of yours a lot of your film a lot Occupying a lot of the screen and you've done nothing with them They're just basically here moving through and there's nothing being done to get me to latch on to them Which I should be doing as a viewer But I like that Damien Leone again is aware of what you guys think about Terrifier 2 and he's taking that into Consideration when going into Terrifier 3 he's saying he wants to scale back on some of those fantasy elements and Also looking to do a movie that is less than two hours long In my honest opinion, I would hope that Terrifier 3 is an hour and 50 minutes You know people want a longer slasher not everybody, but I don't even think that I don't even think that the runtime So to speak Was the problem at the end of the day as much as it might have been okay You're pacing that's really what it comes down to you could have easily had a two hour and 21 minute film Like I believe Terrifier 2 is and nobody would have complained that it was too long It might just come down to pacing certain sequences probably just shouldn't go on as long as they did like the bedroom kill sequence and other stuff that has to do with Sienna and her personal life and all of those struggles while it was again enough time spent to get us to invest in them I can see why some people might have thought that it was a little bit too much and they were just getting tired of it They were looking forward to some more bloodshed and I've also seen the argument that maybe the finale went on for too long But we'll all see how Terrifier 3 ends up when it comes out Let me know what you think about this down the comment section below if you have a record Make sure you subscribe turn on post notification in this video in the description. I have links on my social media accounts I am on Facebook Twitter and Instagram. You can message me there Of course, let me know movies news or if you'd like me to cover in the future and with all that in mind Guys, I will see you in the next video


Thank you. I'm not sure quite how I follow the uses and abuses of telly dildonics and internet things But I'll show you uses and uses of CT scan a little bit of work. We've been doing Show you some of the stuff we've actually been doing to recover some lost film and just some lost cultural heritage So the first question that comes up generally Do people know the difference between a CT scanner and an MRI machine? Well, they're both big things you lay down in They both make a noise CT bombards you with ionizing radiation and MRI makes your protons vibrate I Build and abuse CT scanners. I want to build a small desktop MRI, but I haven't got around to it yet So this is a medical CT Useful horses. I couldn't get permission. It's really difficult to get ethics approval to show your patient going into a CT But no one seems to care too much about horses So the big donut shape is actually a rotating x-ray source with a detector opposite it The sort of CT scanners I use are more research systems So desktop lab scale systems Where the scanning volume is not a horse's head. It's approximately a Pringles can so if it fits in a Pringles can it can go my CT scanner and A Pringles can in this particular scanner would take around about a week to scan It's not a it's not a fast scanner, but it goes for ultimate contrast You can see things you just won't see in commercial systems This was built specifically for some dental research. So all the stuff. I'm showing the abuses of the CT scanners No patients were stopped from getting their surgery or their treatment due to what I've been doing with CT This is all research machinery So I said we use ionizing radiation Where where am I operating? I'm operating up in the x-ray region of the spectrum So past the visible spectrum through the ultraviolet into the x-rays Generally round about 90 kV x-ray energy Which is not actually a scale shown on that spectrum, but Closer to the UV end of the x-ray spectrum It's a hard enough x-rays to go through your bone And so just take your step back from CT. What do you do if you just invented x-rays? So you're like these people You've connected a high voltage x-ray source, which is the the black tube in the background to a vacuum Source vacuum bulb Which is some of the things that are on the back shelf In the picture and the guy is actually looking at his hand through a phosphorescent screen The two of them are both imaging their hands So if you just invented x-rays you look at your hands if you're the guy that actually invented x-rays or first discovered Wilhelm Rontgen, what you say is that Bertha darling, please put your hand in this dangerous looking apparatus for me while I go outside the room And you get the very first X-ray image medical x-ray image taken at Bertha Rontgen's hand Showing the bones and showing her gold wedding ring She is recorded as saying I have seen my death because she's seen how she's going to end up as a skeleton She didn't die from hand cancer or anything. She she lived to a fairly ripe old age for the 1860s But x-rays are boring You know if you've ever had an x-ray you've you've generally had an x-ray as you've done something like this compound fracture of the arm You're having a bad day if you're having an x-ray But I don't do x-rays I do CT scans and if you're having a CT scan a medical CT scan CT scans are terrifying Because you're having a CT scan if you've had a really bad day You've gone through a car windscreen at speed or you're diagnosed with a tumour in this particular case This is a simulated image So you really only have CT when there's something seriously wrong But I don't do medical CT so just to reiterate there's no patients were harmed in the the messing around I've been doing So what do I do it an actual day job the use of CT scanners I'd scan lots of teeth I work in a dental school So I'd scan lots of extracted human teeth that are going to be used for research projects Or when the boss comes in and says my seven-year-old daughter has just lost one of her teeth She wants to see what it looks like inside that goes in the scanner And you wonder why seven-year-olds have teeth that look like this and have that many fillings and I'm not going to comment I also scan lots of bones. This was actually an extracted femoral head from one of our technicians She had to have her hip replaced getting quite elderly and She was getting hip pain what we actually see are these protrusions coming up at the surface These were scraping the inside of her The hip joint and causing pain. This is the reason the hip was replaced So this is a human femoral head which we scanned in our scanner took about three days to scan And we are able to these protrusions are force-coloured, but they're actually much harder than the bone There's more mineral density. So with our scanner with the extra contrast we can see this You probably wouldn't really see in a commercial CT or medical CT Other bones I sometimes scan are in much worse shape. This is Collapsed I think it's third and fourth lower vertebra might be second and third That have actually collapsed in this poor guy and fused It didn't have a happy ending for him because I've got a section of his lower spine in my lab So, you know, we got this after been donated to medical research But that's all sort of the day job. That's what I get paid for doing scanning teeth and bones Borderline from the use to the abuse is more looking at things like this. So this is actually an acorn That's got parasitic wasps living inside it These were used in the Middle Ages. Well from early antiquity to the Middle Ages You grind these up Mix them with iron sulfate and you can make a really nice dark black ink Which is a permanent ink and the history of the world is written in the ink made from this It's called iron gall ink And you can actually see in this. So this is this is rendered CT data a volumetric rendered CT data And you can see that there's chambers in there and the wasps are growing in it and this was obviously harvested before they hatched out We did discover something with this the literature we were reading says there's only ever one wasp per acorn in this one We count at least six. We went and found some entomologists on they went. Oh, yeah, the literature is wrong. Everyone knows that No one's got round the correcting it So this led on to well if we can actually see The the oak apple scan or the iron the oak gall scan occurred After this particular piece of work because someone said well if you can see very low levels of contrast in bone or teeth Can you actually see the iron in iron gall ink on paper or on parchment? And it turns out we can we did some initial test scans and we could see and we could read rolled up documents So then the Norfolk Record Office got in contact with us and said well, we've got this 14th century parchment roll It's them report on the manner of pressing them. It's basically the yearly accounts This is as far as it will unroll it's got wet at some point in its history It's written on parchment parchment is processed animal skin when it gets wet and gets compressed it basically turns into a raw hide dog chew If you've ever tried to unpeel a raw hide dog chew, you know, it doesn't work You can see there's tear holes in this where someone's tried to peel it apart and it's just ripped So we scan this It took I think this took about five days to scan And what we were able to do is Produce a full virtual unrolling of this if you look on YouTube Search for the apocalypto project You might want to put minus Mel Gibson in that to just get out we named the project before he named the film You'll find an uploaded Section that the BBC did on the work. We did this and there's some links to some other information But what we were able to show is the top section is invisible light the lower section is just from the x-ray data And we're able to see ink and contrast in places where it's even faded optically. So this was pretty good And We published this and then we got contacted by these people and these people have a really cool project They've got this chest of a 2,600 undilivered 17th century letters of which approximately 600 have never been opened Have a look at the Brienne project. This is ongoing if you're in the Netherlands In the Hague go to the Postal Museum on Museum of Communication. You can see this chest You can see the work we're doing with this What they wanted to do was Read well what the the historians that are interested in this project They want to know what the unopened letters say they can read the ones that are open But what's in the the ones that have not been opened? So we got involved and they have these wonderful wax seals So they don't want to open the ones that are not yet opened for many reasons that they go on to on the Brienne project website But effectively you can't study a locked 17th century letter if you've opened it. It's no longer a locked letter And they have all these wonderful seals and they form their own security That should be a really good EMF camp workshop somebody to do the letter locking for that I'll suggest it for next time So we scan some of the letters we stack them up This is a sort of Swiss roll section so the letters are projecting out of the board towards you This is a section through a slice through roughly halfway You can see these are pretty complicated. There's many layers. There's lots of bright spots The bright spots in this are actually crushed a seashell that's been used to absorb some of the ink to dry the ink on the page The ink shows up as much fainter bright spots But if you remember those lovely 17th century wax seals, they're full of lead You don't get many x-rays through the lead and the reconstruction algorithm We use just cannot cope until you get all these white areas and streaking and failure Working with a couple of really bright students at MIT at the moment to Try to do the unfolding of these and do digital origami to virtually unfold these letters make them readable We're hoping to publish this year So after we've done all of this people were keen to see what else we could do and We got sent this photo and It looks like cine film and It came along with an email that said Effectively this it's triacetate film It degrades it releases acetic acid. This is triacetate film is basically polymerized vinegar. It turns back into vinegar The problem is it's also auto catalytic So when the vinegar is formed on the acetic acid is formed it forms more It helps degrade faster. It forms more of the acetic acid helps do the helps degrade faster The emulsion that's pasted on the actual part of the film that contains the image Then becomes cracked distorted. It slides off of the acetate base It's no longer usable And then the layers of film as this progresses further the layers of the film actually get stuck together So that if you actually try to unroll with this the way it was described to us was if you take a sheet of glass Draw an image of a stick figure in Marmite or ketchup put another sheet of glass on the top It'll be recognizable, but as soon as you try to peel those apart the image just smears So what usually happens in archives is as soon as there's the first hint of vinegar about a film it immediately gets put through a Capture system to get what they can from it a Recording is made the original goes in the bin They don't want this because if there's a acetic acid fumes in the archive it can infect other film It can just it can cause real problems So and usually there's more than one copy of a particular film So we we did approve the concept we kept putting the guy off because one This is bigger than a Pringles can this won't fit in my scanner So we we and we also didn't think it was gonna work But the guy from the BBC Charles Norton kept on and he sent us this For the younger people in the audience that don't recognize what this is It's sort of the prototype micro SD card of its day Thank you So this is actually a 16 millimeter positive negative Sorry positive print of Some film the Garmott British news with a soundtrack it fits in the 35 mil film can which fits in my scanner quite nicely We put it in the scanner left it for a weekend and expected to come back in Monday just to nothing we reconstructed the image and Just paging through in some very simple software You can see actually we've got pretty good separation of the layers of the film in the Swiss roll slice And if you just cut it at any particular angle through Ah, there's some pictures in this we might actually have to do this We were really expecting to come back to an empty data set where nothing's really visible And it turns out we do have the contrast sensitivity to see silver Deposited silver on tracetate stock So this caused a bit of a problem because we didn't expect to have to do this We didn't expect it will work So we ended up spending The plan was to spend maybe an afternoon. This will be a quick hack We'll see if we can get anything out of this at the end of a quick afternoon. It was like ah, this this does actually work We'll spend another day on it So the guy I work with grand Davis who is an absolute genius he spent most of the time this he did the film I was working on the soundtrack He spent a week on this it was always like I just need another afternoon I can just tweak this I can just tweak this and we ended up with this so we came in on the Monday The sound's not playing ah So there is actually a soundtrack for that. It didn't play. Let me just that might be my fault. I Have unmuted it. No, I've just got nowhere getting sound out of this at the moment It basically plays a soundtrack and the soundtrack was the bit I worked on on this the soundtrack in cine film Was just recorded as an amplitude modulation wavy line Along the side Okay, let's try this with sound. I've heard this so many times, but I like this Well, let's go back German So it's a bit crackly, but the sample rate is limited by the resolution we scan that Yeah, it's a real physical limit We scan this at about a 30 micron voxel resolution which limits the playback audio bandwidth to about 7 kilohertz So after we've done this and we actually received this we sent this to Charles And he was like will you please have a go with our film and he told us a bit more about what it was It's this it's more common wires series one episode two It was found in a shed in Nigeria It's print from telly Cine The film can it was actually on the bottom of the stack. So the film can has got cracked It basically means the film inside has been exposed to the elements for six fifty sixty years And it's in a pretty degraded state What used to happen is the BBC took a load of stuff on videotape But videotape is expensive to want you to reuse that series and there's a lot missing doctor who and a lot of lost more Come a wise and a lot of early TV shows the stuff that survived was the stuff that got telly print or telly Cine And sent out to South Africa, New Zealand Australia on the understanding they would you burn after showing but this one survived Um It's too big to fit in my scanner. It does not fit In a Pringles can it does fit in a laser cutter It turned out if you really want to scan this at the resolution we think we need you need to cut it into roughly one inch cubes You could you can't put this through a projector it's already it would never go through a projector So they said what the hell got nothing to lose So we did the first scan again. It took roughly a weekend of a one-inch cube. We were paging through The the scan data and we saw this image appeared so roughly the middle of that So people of a certain age and I count myself in that you immediately recognize Eric Malcolm The face kind of stands out especially when you're you're at the monitor We're looking at it in work is almost the size of that and we're sitting up close to it You recognize Eric Malcolm. So it was like, oh, this does actually work The software that had been written to played a gamut British news didn't work for this because that was relied on a continual Spyrocatrace. This is a one-inch cube with lots of disjoint edges So Graham worked on it. He got some pretty good software working and then The BBC got involved. So this guy had a BBC R&D whose day job is to do all the really cool fun stuff Took what Graham and myself had worked on and wrote some other software So he did a lot of statistical methods to just try to identify what the acetate layer is because it merged you get Bridging layers of the goo of the actual film layer bridges the acetate He did a lot of stats on this I was able to even you know account for the warping because these are warped layers and start extracting full frames And the software was written. I think this is MATLAB But it would it gave a lot of options loading the data look at the actual layers which are shown on the left-hand side and then Attempt to process this as close to automatic as possible the software we wrote at Queen Mary was very manual This this was aimed to be automatic And it produces some really nice images It takes about three to six minutes per layer So each block each one inch cube is roughly six to nine hours But you don't get complete Detection near the edges. Well part of that is when you laser cut the film You're not necessarily cutting on an image boundary you we generally get one and a half to two images in a block And those are not always complete images So the good thing is nothing much changes between frames if you get half at the top of a good image and the bottom of another one You can merge them And so Adam worked very hard on this And some of this was actually published on the BBC R&D blog around Christmas time this year So my phone started going mad lots of people. I've just seen this on Twitter. This is what you've been working on, isn't it? Christmas So to give some idea we ended up we scanned About 35 blocks the 35 sections the film is degrading the whole time each one takes a weekend to scan We do have some other commitments for things we needed to scan so we couldn't be always scanning film So we ended up we did a complete circuit of the outside of the reel into one inch cubes And then we just cut a radial section straight through and scan those because as you're getting closer to the center of the reel The layers are getting closer together the time periods not not such a large time period between layers And we produced this sort of thing Then Adam had to take to the next level. Oh The other thing is an audio recording of this episode existed It was the only thing that they knew existed some guy in Australia made a reel-to-reel tape recording of this from the TV So this is what we have so far Miming to Bing Crosby's voice and beautifully as well Not a word out of sync. No, I'm not miming now. It's me was You realize of course that the tape has stopped How does he do it it's a thrill working with a small little genius It's me who's talking now. I'm not talking like me There we unfortunately fade out. Um, so this is still very much work in progress We're hoping to get this cleaned up and hopefully get the whole tea the whole thing will be on the TV Hopefully for one Christmas because it's more common wise. It's not Christmas. We're at more common wise um that is sort of Some of the abuse of CT scanners this is where we've got to so We're getting near for actually producing a whole TV episode from stuff that we didn't think would ever work It had no reason to ever work, but you know, our kit is better than we think One other thing just a quick aside total abuse of CT scanners This is my lab. I sit at that desk You know a sizable portion of the day near a CT scanner processing CT results Well, if you've got this and you can scan what you like, of course you do One day I had an apple for lunch. There was a hole in it I didn't realize that so I was about to take a bite out of it Well, you put it in the CT scanner right put it just use it as a radiography machine Just use it take an x-ray am I going to see the maggot? No, I put it in there was no maggot in my apple So I posted this up the Twitter hashtag x-ray my lunch and I put a couple others in This was another one going back to my East End roots any guesses Jolly deals But of course the day you don't see see the apple you take in for lunch and you take a bite out of it This is what happens Just one other very quick thing because this is like we did for one of our students at work Any guesses what this is? Yeah, so an iPhone 3 iPhone 4 Um, but the iPhone was running when we put it in there So what we wondered was what's the camera of an iPhone C as it goes past the x-ray emitter? First thing is it screws up the back lighting and stuff. You saw these white dots. They're not compression artifacts They're x-ray photo was hitting the detector I'm surprised it lasted as long as it did We've actually been now trying this phone's been donated to us We're trying to kill it in the scanner and it just isn't dead yet Uh, just one other thing a friend of mine. We do smart. We bought some pound shop USB hubs and they didn't work And then we took the back off And if you actually look at the pins for these USB ports you're all in parallel That doesn't work What's under the black blob then? nothing There's bond out pads they all Someone must have sat down and done this as a practice, you know for how to lay out a PCB and there's okay soldiers and bits on the cell So yeah, that's it. That's the end of my talk for now, but uh, thank you Thank you very much David. I think the plan was that David would Take questions in the bar or somewhere like that So we won't do questions here, but thank you all very much for listening


Our other three thigh movers, we're going to look at sartorius, tensor fascia latte, and iliopsoas. Those are our three kind of weird ones. Sartorius might be my all-time favorite muscle of ever. You can totally see it right here. It's a superficial muscle. It attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine, proximally, and then it crosses. So it's kind of lateral at its proximal attachment, and then it literally crosses across the thigh, which is absolutely fantastic. And then it does like this whole s-action because it starts with an s-sartorius, and it attaches almost on the tibial tuberosity. So we say it attaches to the medial side of the tibial tuberosity. It informs this s-action, which completely, or informs the action that it can generate when it contracts. And if you can imagine, like, visualize this, I wish I could grab it and like shorten it.  Now you're laterally rotating the thigh and medially rotating the leg with this one muscle, and it ends up crossing your leg. It's called sartorius because sartorius was the tailor or shoemaker, somebody who crossed his legs when sewing up or fixing things. I think he's a tailor. Regardless, I mean, that muscle is awesome. It makes it so you can cross your legs. All of these muscles, all of them. If you do an action, if you find where you would expect the muscle on your body and you do the action, you can feel which muscles are active when you're doing the action. So cross your legs and feel for your sartorius and you can totally tell, like, whoa, there's that crazy, it's crossing and wiggling and waggling, and whoa, I just crossed my legs. So cool. Now watch. We're going to go back here. That's amazing, isn't it? So my first attachment of our friend sartorius is anterior superior iliac spine. And my second attachment is the medial edge of tibial tuberosity. And you know what, we're just going to call it good and say that it's going to let us cross our legs. And if you think about all the pieces that are involved, lateral rotation of the thigh, medial rotation of the leg, flexion of the leg, and flexion of the thigh, you can put all those pieces together and you just cross your legs. Iliopsoas. Let's check out this one. This is actually two. I'm going to just tell you this right now because iliopsoas is two muscles, iliacus and psoas, P-S-O-A-S, and it's psoas major. But I read somewhere today when I was studying, because I study a lot. I was reading that in 40% of the population there's a psoas minor, but the rest of us don't have it. So if anybody wants to volunteer to be, you know, if we dissected our whole class, we could find 40% of us with psoas majors. I mean minors. Okay. This is just to give you perspective on this muscle because I think it helps to, I mean, you might even not be able to find iliopsoas as a muscle itself. Okay, let's go look at it. Here is iliacus attached to what? The iliac fossa and there's psoas and where is the psoas muscle attached to? Transverse processes of T12 to L5. So it's attached to the vertebral column and then they share a distal attachment in the lesser trochanter of the femur. Got there. Okay, so let's go write those down. Our proximal attachment, we have to name both of them because we're rock stars and we're just going to do that. So we have the iliac fossa and the transverse processes of T12 to L5. And then my distal attachment is going to be the lesser trochanter of the femur. And the major actions of these guys, we've got multiples. First of all, we cross the hip joint. So if you imagine that thing, let's go just take a look at it one more time. If you imagine those fibers shortening, what's going to happen? That's going to be the biggest thing that's going to happen. We're going to flex the thigh. There's also going to be some rotation action that happens. In fact, I believe it's lateral rotation of the thigh and also some adduction. So let's write those things down. We're going to... Got to have a new color. We're going to flex the thigh. We also have some lateral rotation and adduction. And now let's talk about the tensor fascia latte because you know that I flex... I contract my tensor fascia latte when I need someone to go get me a latte. Okay, let's take a look at this guy. Tenser fascia latte. I'm not thrilled with this picture because it kind of makes it look whatever. The attachment is actually a little bit posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine. I wish that... I mean, part of me just wants to say, dude, let's just call it the anterior superior iliac spine, but it isn't exactly on the anterior superior iliac spine. So it's a little bit posterior to that, although this picture makes it look like it's anterior to that. It attaches to the iliac spine. It also attaches to what's called the IT band. And let's see if we can put some muscles back together on this thing to kind of orient ourselves. You can still see it. And apparently, here it is on the side, it actually... You can find it. It's a little tiny nubbin muscle. And it connects to the IT band, which is this huge, massive, long piece of connective tissue. In people who are super fit, like marathon runners, you can actually see the IT band because it's this tight piece of connective tissue that separates compartments of muscles.  So, okay, let's go right down what it is that this thing is. We have one attachment on the iliac crust. I'm cool with that. And one attachment to the IT band. And then this guy is a hip flexor. So it flexes the hip. It also does some medial rotation. And if you look at where it is, you can kind of visualize how that would happen. And it also AB ducts. And again, you can kind of visualize how we could flex our hip, do a little AB ducts in a little bit of medial rotation. And if you do those things and you feel, you'll feel the muscle contracting.  Don't worry, I won't make sure your tensor fascia lattes are very fit because you can all go get me lattes and make them strong. The next group, the AD ductors, the adductor group. And these guys, what do you think their action is?


Humanity is still trying to be born. Things are fucked. That's our situation in a nutshell.   But ordinary people are being psychologically manipulated away from making them stop by propaganda. This is happening in countless ways, both on a global scale and on national scales around the world. And on pretty much any other scale you want to break the collective human infractal down to. On a global scale, we're seeing it in the way our biosphere is being destroyed due to human behavior driven by the reckless pursuit of profit for its own sake. In the way U.S. warmongering is leading to a final confrontation between Russia and China that could easily end all life on Earth. In the way increasingly authoritarian agendas are being rolled out by rolling power structures to exert greater and greater control over populations. In the way oppressive and exploitative status quo political systems are held in place in supposedly free societies despite the glaring mountains of evidence that those systems do not serve the interests of ordinary people. All of these dire realities are manipulated, distorted, reframed, or simply omitted by the sources which people have been trained to look to for information about the world. As long as we're successfully manipulated away from forming a clear picture of what's going on, things will remain fucked. People are going to have to find a way to get around this if we're going to move toward health, which means we're going to have to fundamentally alter how we operate as a species. We're going to have to collectively find ways to protect our minds from being herded toward untruth and find ways of making our way toward truth. If we succeed in doing this, it will be a first for us since this whole civilization mess started. More than this, in order to have a healthy world we're going to have to actually transcend our own egoic patterning. Overthrowing our oppressors is only the first boss fight in this very first level of the video game. It won't be enough to simply remove the systems which enable our oppression, because if we do that without also expunging the forces within ourselves which give rise to them, we'll just wind up creating more oppressive systems. To have a healthy world we're going to have to metamorphose into a species which is not driven by fear and greed and us versus them othering. Which doesn't see my own suffering as meaningfully separate from the suffering of my neighbor. Which doesn't see the struggles of a population on the other side of the planet as meaningfully separate from the struggles of the population on this side of the planet. Where we collaborate with each other and our ecosystem instead of competing and killing and exploiting and destroying. This is the humanity that is trying to be born. There's a whole, whole lot of future ahead. And if we play our cards right we're going to get to be a part of it. If we survive to see that future, humans will look back upon the stretch of history as we know it today as a kind of embryonic stage in our development.  So there was a confused, chaotic transition phase between animal life and true humanity. That's what we are working toward. Modern humans, with their current brain structure, have only been around for somewhere between 35,000 and 100,000 years. Which is less than the blank of an eye on the historical scale of the rest of life on this planet. The advent of agriculture gave rise to civilization some 12,000 years ago. Giving rise in turn to civilization and the general fucked up situation we now find ourselves in. In the yawning expanse of time that this universe has left in its lifespan, that's nothing. And if we can make the jump and evolve beyond this awkward apes with hydrogen bombs transition phase into a truly conscious species, a truly human species, we can create an amazing life together for a much, much greater expanse of time. A length of time that will make the sum total of recorded history look like the first moments of the gestation of a fetus relative to the rest of a full length human lifespan. And we are lurching our way in that direction. Sloppily, clumsily. Evolution is sloppy. It's made of death and sex and eating and mutation and environmental cataclysm. In the same way, becoming a conscious species is sloppy. It is made of upheavals and uprisings and movements and feuds and scandals and revelations and getting it wrong and apologizing and course correcting and learning and seeing and moving closer and closer to a lucid perception of reality. That's what we're really working toward in the grand scheme of things. That's what this game is really about. It looks impossible right now, but that's the way of these things. First they look impossible, then they look possible, then they look probable, then they look inevitable, then they happen and they become what's normal and expected. We just gotta get past this level one boss fight first.


My name is Mauricio Salatino. I am presenting about building functions as service platforms on top of Kubernetes, but the presentation and the topics actually apply to any kind of platform that you want to build on top of Kubernetes. So let's get started with. Again, as I mentioned, my name is Mauricio Salatino. I'm at Salavoy in Twitter and also in Mastodon nowadays. I'm working full-time on a project that's called Knative. I don't know if you have heard about that project. It's about server list and building functions. So I recommend you to check it out. I will be showing a bit of that later on. And I'm also writing a book that's called Continuous Delivery for Kubernetes, where I'm basically covering all the projects and topics that I'm covering here during the session. Of course, in much more detail, because it's like an entire book. The QR code in there will take you to the book, and there are some discounts for the book later on on the presentation as well, if you're interested. So the agenda for this presentation, usually my style of presentation is too much content. There is a lot of things going on. I'm doing live demos. And everything can go wrong. But for this specific presentation, because I only have 30 minutes, I will be covering the first two bits, and I will try to go faster on the tools that I'm using because I will provide all the links for you to check all these tools later on. So context about why do we need to build platforms on top of Kubernetes? And I will be doing a live demo showing how that experience of using a platform should look like on top of Kubernetes from application development teams and also from operational teams. So why do you need to build platforms on top of Kubernetes? Or the main reasons why I see companies, medium and large companies building platforms on top of Kubernetes? And I'm pretty happy to say that when I arrived here this morning, I just actually go and talk to a company that it's building this kind of thing. So it's a good validation for this presentation. You can go and talk to local people about these topics as well. So the main reason to think about building platforms on top of Kubernetes is because Kubernetes actually provides you only a set of building blocks that you need to use to create more complex tools for actually deploying your workloads, right? Like Kubernetes provides you services, deployments, ingresses and all these things. But when you start deploying real life workloads that are complex, you need to combine them, extend Kubernetes, create your own higher level abstraction layers to make your life easier. Because dealing with those low level concepts, it's complicated. The main reason why we have so many CNCF projects, they are all great, because they are solving specific problems on top of Kubernetes by using all these concepts and solving more specific problems. So the moment that you start using Kubernetes, you need to start not only learning Kubernetes, but you also need to learn about all the ecosystem and which tools are solving each specific problems. And that takes time, right? The more larger the company is, the more that you see that one single Kubernetes cluster will not cut it, right? Like the previous presentation about Hypershift actually is going into that direction. You will need multiple clusters and then you need to manage the complexity of having multiple clusters, right? And learning Kubernetes is hard. I've seen this, I've been doing Kubernetes trainings for some time and I see a lot of large companies that the thing that they struggle the most is basically bringing everyone up to speed into Kubernetes and understanding how Kubernetes works. So we should be thinking about abstracting Kubernetes away and building platforms that basically makes the life of application development teams easier so they can consume Kubernetes without actually understanding all the tools that you need to use it. So a platform can help in solving some of these problems, right? Like reducing the cognitive load of teams that are consuming Kubernetes related tools. We can create a platforms that basically provide a self-service approach to consume all these complex infrastructure and tools. And we can also improve our software delivery practices, but by providing a platform that basically curate all best practices about how teams should deliver software to different environments. So I've included here kind of like one of my definition of what the platform is. And for me nowadays in 2022, because this is actually changing a lot in the Kubernetes space, a platform is just a collection of services and tools focused on enabling teams with a self-service approach to get the tools that they need when they need them. So we are going to be seeing now in a couple of demos, how can we implement these with open source tools and how the platform experience should look like. In reality, when you start looking at things and the shape of these tools and how do you combine different tools to create one of these platforms that I'm talking about, you will see that it looks something like this. You have a bunch of teams that wants to consume and interact with complex infrastructure and tools. And for that, you have a team building something that we are calling a platform in this diagram that basically exposes a platform API. These teams that wants to consume all this tooling on the right-hand side, they only need to understand how to interact with that API. If these teams are application development teams, they know how to interact with the APIs for sure. So they can interact with the APIs, get the tools that they need, configure in a way that the company applies all the compliance, make sure that they can get all these tools very secured by default, by just interacting with these APIs. And the platform will use a bunch of tools to orchestrate Kubernetes clusters, virtual machines, cloud resources, some on-prem services, or even maybe third party services that you want to consume, right? So, if you have been looking into the platform space in Kubernetes, and I've seen this kind of like a lot in the last KubeCon in Detroit and also in Valencia, there is a book that is being coded quite regularly because this talks about the cultural change that you need to apply in your organization in order to start thinking about building platforms. This book is called Team Topology, that's the website of the book. And it basically described the interactions between different teams, right? Like having a platform team that is in charge of building this intermediate layer between infrastructure and application development teams. The main idea here is the platform team treats application development teams as customers, so they build a platform that looks like a product. And if application development teams needs more features into that product, the platform team will start delivering those features. So application development teams can get again all the tools that they need when they need them. So I will start with a very, very quick demo of an application that I built to exemplify the use of this platform. And this demo is this very, very simple application. So this application, you can actually access to that instance of the application here if you can scan that QR code. You don't need to, right? Like this is just a very simple demo, but it's live and it's running in a Kubernetes cluster that is hosted inside Google Cloud, right? So this application, okay, hopefully some people access it. This application allows you to, very, very simply, you can generate a value here on the client side and I can store that value. That value should be stored into a Redis database, which is, of course, it's a live demo. So why it should work? Maybe internet connectivity or something. Let me refresh and see if it's actually running. The browser crashed. All right. I wonder if it's working for some of you folks. Oh, there you go. I can see the application back in there. Let's see, maybe too many people accessing at the same time. It's actually making it crash. It should have some replicas, but it's running in a different continent maybe, so maybe it's too far away. And I can see there you go. You have all those numbers that people is generating. Of course, you can make it crash, of course. But that's kind of like the application. And the idea of the application, please do not make it break, folks. Come on, be gentle. So the main idea of the application is to show that it's a very simple application. It's a monolith application, that it's generating some data from the browser, in this case, and sending that data into a Redis instance that it's also running in Google Cloud. So that's kind of like my production environment, the thing that you are accessing. It's not very well configured, as you can see, but I will work on that later. So the idea is that at some point, like the company, the business will say, okay, we need to add a new feature into our new application, right? But developers will not work in the production environment where all of you are accessing, right? We will just need to separate place to go and do our work. And in this case, what we want to do is, as a platform, we want to provide a way for development teams to have a development environment on demand. So they can say to the platform, hey, I need a new development environment to create and implement this feature. I need the platform to provision a new environment for me. And I need to get all the secrets or credentials to be able to connect to that environment, right? That's kind of like what we are going to do now. I will just show a demo where I will connect to the platform API. I will send a request and I will get a development environment back that it's being configured by the platform team. But it's automatically provisioned when I send the request. So that's kind of like the first demo we are going to just request a development environment. Again, this is a live demo. So be patient with it, it should work. It's Kubernetes, right? So it should work. So the idea here is that I've extended Kubernetes in some way by using some tools and I define this new resource type in Kubernetes that it's called environment. As you can see, it's just a Kubernetes resource that Kubernetes manifest. And it's basically allowing me to set the name of the resource, in this case, team A environment. And I can set the type of the environment that I want to create in this case with the label, like that says the development in there. And I can set as like as an application development team some parameters that are very specific to my team. For example, I want to make sure that when I create this environment, there is a database, like a Redis database in the same way that we have in the production environment. Because it's a Kubernetes resource and my platform API is exposing a Kubernetes API, I can just send this resource using QtlApply or any other Kubernetes tool that allows me to send a resource to the cluster. Again, Wi-Fi, why not? Maybe a cluster is in a different container in a different city or something. It was working before. But as you can see there, like after we get the return back there, the environment was created by the platform. And as a user, because again, it's just a Kubernetes source, I can just list all my environments, right? So I'm listing my environment there. It's not ready yet because it's been just provisioned. We just create that request 17 seconds ago. So it will take some time in order to be created and to be provisioned. But what I will do now is, as I mentioned before, as an application development team, as soon as I get an environment created, I will love to be able to connect to it. And in order to connect to it, I will run a command because I'm using a very specific tool. But you can imagine that if you are provisioning a cluster in Amazon or in Google, you will probably need to run a command to connect to that cluster. In this case, I'm using a tool that it's called Bcluster that I will talk a little bit about later on, but that's the only thing that I'm doing here. I'm just connecting to the environment that I've just created for this application development team. That's why using Bcluster Connect and the name of the environment there. Again, remote cluster, it might take a second. When I was trying it before, it was almost automatically, but it will take some time now to do the network connectivity. So hopefully it works. At some point, this is going to connect and we will be able to interact with our development environment. We are not connected anymore to our platform API. We are connected to our environment and we can start developing our new feature. This environment, it's going to contain an instance of the application that was running in production configured to work. So I will be able to test any change that I do kind of like in a very production-like environment in this case. At some point, it will connect. Let's go back to the slides here. So the next step would be the application development team actually needs to create a new feature for the application. And this is when I wanted to talk a little bit about functions, right? You can go and change the monolithic application and of course you can go and change it, but if it's like a large application, usually you will have a long process to change that. Functions can help a lot with extending monolithic applications that you already have by adding features that are not included in the same source code. So you can actually iterate functions much faster. Usually functions are described in, when you can create purely functional applications. But in this case, I wanted to show how you can extend an existing application by creating a function that creates a new feature and it allows you to implement something that it's not by changing the monolithic application that we just created. So the application development team, it's very interested in just extending the application. We will be creating a function. Good thing about functions is that you can create functions in any language that you want. And we will be able to deploy our function into our development environment because our platform team that defined what the environment is actually install some tools for our function run times in there, right? And that's kind of like our second demo. But the problem with the second demo is that it depends on the first demo for the environment to be ready. So we will see. All right. Let's see if I can connect. Hopefully I can, but it's actually not connecting to the cluster. So we will see. Let's wait for a bit. I will probably run out of time for sure now, but let's see if it connects. The idea here is that as soon as we are connected into our environment, we should be able to use some tools again that were created by the platform team or at least decided by the platform team to create functions and deploy functions into our environments without writing Docker files or without writing YAML files to do deployment. It's not connecting to the cluster. So what would you expect? And I do not have my 5G phone here with me to connect to it, unfortunately. But that's the idea, right? So imagine that I'm connected to this cluster. Could that, what? Again, live demos. I should have a recording.  I didn't do it, unfortunately, because I really like the risk. But you can imagine, you're like creative people so you can imagine what happens when you connect to a cluster. You can interact with the API server, right? So it's not connecting, but what we can do instead, and you can think that this will work, right? When we interact with a new API server and with a new instance of the application, by using vCluster, we'll be able to access to that instance of the application that runs inside that environment with a completely separate URL, right? So we can actually go and interact with the application in the new environment. But it's not connecting, unfortunately. So let's do the second thing. The second thing was to build, so to create and build a function using a CLI that it's called Funk. And I can just run here. Let's see if this works. So basically, if we want to create functions, we can use tools that are specifically created for that use case. So I'm creating a new, I'm going to a new directory. I'm creating a new directory called Average because the feature that we want to build is we want to calculate the average of all the values that are stored in this environment. And then I will use this command that it's called FunkCreate that basically will create a new template for a function, in this case, using the Go language. And then consuming a template that it's called Redis because we need to connect to the Redis database to get all the values, right? And the template is located in this repository there that it's in GitHub. So I cover repository in GitHub that was created by the platform team that contains multiple templates in different languages that can contain curated dependencies, for example, in this case, to connect to Redis. This of course also requires the network because it will go and fetch the template and create like the function here, which unfortunately, it's not working. But as you can imagine at the end of this command, we will have the template of the function created in our local development environment, in our local laptop in this case. And then I will be able to use another command that it's called FunkDeploy to deploy that function into my deployment environment. So the network is not working at all. Let me try to switch. Let's do this. Let's try again. No, no. It's the wired one, it should be working. Come on, network preferences.  Okay, you have enjoyed the session to see this. So anyways, the idea here is to use that command line tool that allows you to create functions and then deploy functions to the development environment. So the demo goes like this, you, I created a demo, I created the function, I just modify the function so it actually calculates the average and then I deploy it to a development environment. As soon as the function is deployed in the development environment, I can interact with the function and actually make some requests so I can see the average being calculated. Unfortunately, I cannot show that. I promise you, you will see a video as soon as I create a recording of the demo from my hotel room. Finally, just for the sake of the story here, we have created here a function in our development environment, right? And that's running in there and I can interact with it and everything is fine. But as soon as the application development team is done with the, you know, with writing the functionality, the platform should be in charge of taking this functionality from our development environment, from our, you know, development, give and have repositories into our production environment. And the way of doing that, it's very different from the tools that we are using for developing things, right? Like I was using this function CLI to create and deploy functions in my development environment. I do not want to do the same things for our production environments. So for production environments, what you usually do is you probably apply some kind of like GitOps and also here is where you run all the compliance on top of, you know, the things that you are deploying into your production environments. So for this demo, like the third demo of my presentation, actually shows a tool that it's called ArgoCD that it's configured to sync, you know, changes into our live clusters. Let me see if I can see here. So that's the application that it's not working anymore because I'm just not, now I'm not even connected to the network. Let me see if I can connect back. But the idea here is that our production environment, the application that I showed at the beginning that was working is actually configured in this repository that it's called Cube Day Japan production. And inside this production directory, that it's not there, come on. Basically contains the configuration files for deploying this application into our production environment. And then we have a tool like ArgoCD or Flux, which is basically, now I'm not even showing, but it actually have the configuration to go and check into this repository and sync all this configuration to the live cluster. Unfortunately, the network is not collaborating with us today. The network is not even connecting, so there's not much that I can do there. But let me try to summarize the idea here. So let me go down at the end here. So two things here that I wanted to talk, right? Like the first idea was to use a tool that it's called Big Cluster to create virtual clusters to create development environments. So you can quickly create these environments where your developers can interact with the application and a copy of the application in a safe way, in an isolated way. And then you can use tools like FunkCLI to actually create new functionality without pushing your developers to learn about like how to build containers or how to write YAML file to deploy these applications or functions into Kubernetes cluster. By doing that, you are kind of like abstracting away all the complexity and all the things that they need to understand in order to do these deployments or to quickly iterate over different functions. And then when we are going more like into a production environment or a more sensitive environment, using tools like ArgoCD to sync the configuration of a cluster that it's starting it into a production environment, it's much more safer because you remove the manual intervention against the cluster so you can keep track of all the changes of configurations on these environments. We will go back now a little bit. So that's kind of like what the demo is, what the demo is showing. You can actually imagine how is that working. But one of the things that I kept in mind when I was building this demo is that all the tools that I've used in the demo and to create environments, to actually sync changes, to install applications, I haven't created any Kubernetes operator. And I think that this is what's coming for next year. We have been, I have been working on Kubernetes for the last six years and I've seen a lot of companies creating their own custom controllers, custom operators for solving the challenges. But now that CNCF projects are maturing, there are a lot of projects that are being graduated now like ArgoCD, I've seen a lot of adoption of these tools and people is actually starting to think that when you extend Kubernetes, then you need to maintain all these extensions and maintaining these extensions are pretty hard. So one of the key points here is that if you are planning to extend Kubernetes, you need to make sure that there is no other project doing something similar that you can reuse because you will save a lot of time on maintaining components otherwise. So for this demo, I've used Crossplane to create that environment resource. Crossplane is a project that allows you to create cloud resources using the Kubernetes APIs. So you can actually create a YAML file to create a cluster in different cloud providers and Crossplane will have a way to connect to that cloud provider and then create those resources for you. So you can create a cluster and a database by just creating some YAML files. You send that to the platform cluster that has Crossplane installed and Crossplane will go and create these resources. And then you will be able to use Qtcl or any other Kubernetes tool to list these resources there which is kind of like a very interesting approach. And this is actually bringing a little bit more of that multicloud approach to the space because you can create clusters in all the cloud providers by just installing some extensions and also providing the credentials so Crossplane can access to these resources. Crossplane allows you to also create compositions which is pretty like a very, very important concept. In this case, you can create something like I did. Like I created a resource type called environment that basically represent a bunch of cloud resources being created together, right?  And the interface for the users will be the same. You can create very, very similar YAML files to create different environments and to provision different cloud resources across multiple different cloud providers. And that's a pretty powerful idea and that's why Crossplane is becoming really, really popular in the platform space. Big cluster, as I mentioned before, it's a quick way to create virtual clusters inside the same cluster. So you are creating isolated API servers and reusing the Kubernetes scheduler, like the main, the hosted scheduler for all these API servers. This is pretty good when you want to isolate workloads and when you want to isolate like API access, right? It comes very, very frequently when you talk about like using namespaces is not good enough for your use case because again, you don't have enough isolation between different tenants. And when you cannot create different clusters for different tenants because that's too expensive. You need multiple counterplanes. So this like big cluster is an open source project that gives you kind of like some good benefits there. You can have isolation without paying the cost for creating separate control planes for that. There are other projects like HyperShift of course that applies a different approach, but it's in the same space, multi-tenancy, right? Like this is also very important in the platform building space because you will have more than one cluster. So that's kind of like what I was doing there when I send a request to the platform API like crossplane was using vCluster which basically is just using Helm to create a new vCluster and deploying my application into the environment. Then I was using a KNATIVE which is the project that I'm working for for the runtime function, right? Like the function runtimes, right? So if I want to deploy functions into Kubernetes clusters and scale them down to zero and scale them up based on demand, you can use something like KNATIVE and the funk CLI comes from there like the KNATIVE functions initiative. So that initiative is focused on allowing you to quickly build functions in any languages and deploy them without writing Docker files or YAML files. And again, I use vCluster and KNATIVE in conjunction. There is a plugin that allows you to use them both so you can reuse the same installation of KNATIVE for multiple vClusters. And then at the end, I use Argo CD just for GitOps again, just to sync Kubernetes resources into a Kubernetes cluster. And that's the thing that I showed you before. There are some other tools that you should be checking out if you are looking into building platforms like Open Feature is something that it's growing in the CNCF space. Dapper is another project that I will be looking onto which is more in the developer space. So to make your developers life easier no matter which language they are using. Cloud Events and CD Events are other initiatives that you should be looking at. And of course, if you are building platforms you want to measure how good the platforms are. So you should be looking at Dora metrics and I'm building a POC showing all these tools together and how can you measure how efficient your platform is. So check it out if you're interested. The presentation topic and the examples and the demos that you can of course run in your own local laptops if you want. I should have done that now that I think of but I really like the remote cluster. I described in this series of blog posts that is called like changes of building platforms on top of Kubernetes where I'm trying to cover why people is thinking about doing these things the tools that exist today and the challenges that you will face while you are trying to adopt all these tools. And of course at the end that's the link of the GitHub repository that contains all the step-by-step tutorial. I promise that works if you try it out on your local laptop. You need to have a lot of RAM to run all these components locally but actually if you have like 32 gigs it should be all right. And again, the idea was we started in production we changed our application by creating a development environment. We deploy the function there and then we use GitOps in order to apply back the configuration into our production environment. The tools that I mentioned here like Crossplane, K-Native, Dapper, Argo CD also like I mentioned in the abstract tecton that you can use to build all these container images and the FUNC CLI are just an example of things that you can combine together to build a platform experience but of course you can go and choose your own tools. Like if you are provisioning cluster hyper shifts or like you know like copy like cluster API can work as well of course. But the key point here is that if you're building platforms you should focus on developer experience on making sure that you provide like an API for your development teams to quickly consume and in like an on a self-service approach that they can go and request new environments on demand. They shouldn't wait for like they shouldn't create tickets and wait for the operational team to create those environments. Automation here, it's key. Thank you very much. Apologize for the demo not working. I can actually install it locally later on and show it to you if you're interested. Apologize once again, I will share the recording. That's the link to the book and that's my Twitter handle if you have any questions. So if you want to dig deeper into these topics. If there are any questions right now, I'm happy to answer. Yep, one question down there in the back. I will check the connection again and now the connection will work because you know how it is, right? Like it's still not working, so I'm happy. Okay, so the concept made a lot of sense. So I wouldn't worry too much about the demo. I think the one thing I didn't quite understand with the concept was I think where Argo CD is involved. So are you creating a new manifest that's like automatically like kind of understands, okay, this is what the function is supposed to do and it builds out whatever the custom resource would be for that and copies over to production. I think I'm just confused about that interaction. Perfect, no, I think that the question makes a lot of sense because like the demo kind of quite covered that. So the idea is that we use funk CLI to deploy to our development environment, right? In that case, we do not create any Jammel file. The CLI actually do a deployment to the cluster, but the CLI can also have kind of like a dry run mechanism that actually gives you the Jammel that you need in order to deploy that function. So in order to move the function that is running in our development environment to our production environment, the only thing that we need to do, something that I showed in the demo is we go to the Git repository that contains the production configuration and we move that Jammel file into that production environment, right? Of course, at that point, the platform team will need to replace, for example, the database connection string and where the database is and all the production parameters that needs to be applied at that point. And we do that by creating a pull request into that repo where the platform can actually run all the automated checks to make sure that the changes are going to work. And as soon as you merge that pull request into the main branch, Argo CD will sync that into the production cluster and we will be able to interact with that function in there. Gotcha, yeah. So the Jammel that is being created, I guess it's a month familiar with how the function service also works. So I'm assuming the function service, it abstracts, it'll create the config maps and everything that's necessary for the developers and basically all of that, that's being created, all of those Jammels will kind of be sent over to the pull request that's going to be leveraged by production. Is that correct? That's correct, yes. I got you. The idea is to provide tools that help developers but also the platform team and maybe operation teams can use in order to actually get the configuration that you need to apply into production. Awesome, thank you. Thank you for the question, that was a very good question. Time is round now. Ronald, thank you very much folks, I appreciate that.


Russell Wilson, okay? Russell Wilson's coming out saying some things that are like, wait a minute, is he on his way out of there? He spoke at a press conference yesterday in which he said that he hopes it's not his last game there but he knows it's not his last NFL game. This was unprompted allegedly. We have no idea we were not in the press conference. The internet told us that he said this basically of his own doing there. Is that mean that there is a chance the Russell Wilson, Mr. Limited ship is gonna cruise into different waters of the NFL next season. Are they already having a conversation? Is team three, the chef, the Peloton coach, the body coach, the hand coach, the brain coach, the God coach. Now Russell Wilson himself, the three of team three is coming out and saying, I know it's not my last game in the NFL.


part fuel pursuant on edge. Here at CS2010, I'm here in the Microsoft booth and this is an exactly cutting edge but this is the first time I've got to play around a little bit with the surface table. So I wanted to share with you a little bit about the experience here with the surface table. So you can see the applications here, because a very large class of touch screen. And they have a few applications on display here. The primary application that they're featuring here is the retail application, displaying the various phones that they have on display here. So I'm actually standing right next to the Windows mobile smartphone area. And so you can get, this is one of the retail applications that they're trying to showcase for the retail marketplace. So you can see if this, for example, at a wireless store, you can see all the different phones that they have available. I'm drilling for more information about specific phones. Assuming there's gestures out, there we go, there's the gestures. This is pretty cool. So you can see I'm expanding it with the gestures of my fingers. I can slide the pictures around, grab it and expand it. I can go in here, there's some wireless adapters available for this retail application. You can see the MiFly. If I go back home, let me get out of this application and take a look at the concierge here. And I can explore an interactive map. So you can see it's saying I've got some brochures here, Shopping Hard Rock Cafe. I have a map, restaurant guide, bars and clubs. So I can move my restaurant guide out of my way. I want to look at bars and clubs. We're in Vegas after all, right? And now it's showing you a list of the different bars and clubs that are available in the area. And I can drill in, swap the whole thing over, and I can drill in. If I want to go to a piano bar, here's the piano bar, put on it, and I can tell it to give me the address number. And if I want to see it on the map, you can see it expands the map and shows me exactly where the piano bar is at. So this is definitely more polished than I had expected. Everything here is functioning basically to perfection. So hopefully we'll see. I know here in Las Vegas they have Caesar's Entertainment, also known as Harris, but plays the Microsoft Surface in a production capacity.