So it was a long time coming, I want to give a big thanks to my mate Alex, fluent from Europe to help me road trip these ATMs to Vegas. We literally are through two ATMs in the back of an Escalade and Gundot from the Bay Area of Vegas thinking, if we get pulled over for this mate, I'm going to have a hell of a way of trying to explain no way out of it, but... We got here... Okay, right up there. So here are like two ATMs in the back of an Escalade and about 6,000 notes of novelty currency. That'd be what, I know for you boys out there.  But for myself, it's kind of part of a bigger picture and a bigger plan. And that's to explore systems that, when compromised, have direct and immediate consequences.  And as a result of that research, we can use that knowledge to design, bear and safer products in the future. So the goal of the talk is to spark discussion on ways to remediate and fix the vulnerabilities I'm going to be demonstrating. The goal isn't to give a cookbook recipe on how to hack ATMs. The process of finding vulnerabilities, I think, is always more interesting, you know, the journey not the destination. Although the destination is pretty damn cool on this one too. And I hope to change the way people look at devices that from the outside are seemingly impenetrable. So current attacks, probably all aware of the skimmer, which is certainly a fan favorite. Say a small overlay that slides over the card slot of pin pads, manufactured to blend seamlessly with the ATM itself, designed to capture both the track data and pin numbers. And the technology on some of these is no joke too, you know, it will send you the data over GPS and some even have like temporary protection so when they're found out or wipe itself up. Interesting. Physical theft and ram raids, you've probably seen those various YouTube videos where a couple of good old boys hurl through the front window of a place, attach a chain to the ATM and the other end to the pickup truck and just gun it out of there. Not really the most subtle of attacks, of course, but it's kind of a ninja status to compare to some of the other ones. And card trapping and card snooping, it's where someone inserts a small shim, it's commonly known as the Lebanese loop. Traps your card and it's designed such a way that when your card's read, the card won't be returned and it's often combined with shoulder surfing to get your pin, but sometimes they'll get your pin in ways which may not be quite as friendly. Safe cutting in frontal attacks, basically going in ATM with a pair of pliers and a blow torch, and explosives which is surprisingly popular, which I find a little bit odd.  Now you'll think that would be somewhat counterproductive to what you're trying to accomplish there and it's big in Australia, so go figure. And data breaches, hacking the bank processor, harvesting the card data and pins, I suppose the best example of that would have been the hack of the RBS World Pay back end. And certainly safest, most technically sophisticated attacks I've seen, and I think about nine million was stolen during that attack. And of course other, or miscellaneous. So we have the default passcode attack from a couple years back, that's where if the operator password was left unchanged on the ATM, you could reprogram the ATM and think there was a lower denomination than it really was. So you probably don't think it was full of $5 notes when it's really giving you $20. And I'll be adding more to the other category, practical attacks, which I think I'll blow that little wee John Connor's attack right out of the water. So I picked standalone ATMs. There's a few reasons. One, they're pretty easy to get a hold of. Like anything on the internet, you can jump online and just add to cart, basically. But getting the ATMs delivered to your house on the other hand is interesting. So I remember when one of the ATM delivery guys came in and he wheeled the ATM into my place, and he just like, why on earth do you need an ATM in your house for? And I was feeling a bit cheeky that day, so I just looked at him and was like, oh, I just don't like the transaction fees, mate. And also they're everywhere, right? Every bar, convenience store, market, whatever it may be. And they're often in secluded areas hidden out by the restroom, tucked away in corners. But I'm gonna discuss attack methods for both standalone and hole in the wall ATMs. I'll go with walkup style attacks, but then shift focus to the far more important vector in my opinion, and that's the remote attack. And what an attacker can leverage with a successful remote compromise. And when I mean remote, I mean remote default, because that's the only way to roll, really. So just to show how popular these ATMs are, this is literally one block just down the road from my place, decided I'd just go on a bit of a pub crawl and see what I could find as far as vulnerable ATMs go. Literally, yeah, this is half a mile. My favorite is this dude actually who owns a Mexican restaurant, he's a good sport, notice about a Teppateo resting on top of the ATM there. He doesn't exactly look chuffed to be in this picture. So the standard specs of a new model retail style ATM, typically Windows CE running an ARM processor. New model support both TCP IP and dial up by default. Wireless being CDMA, not 802.11, so no drive by ATM hacks unfortunately. Thought it would be cool to drive by a store and have it spit out its cash. No such luck. SSL support and the triple desk encrypted PIMPADs. Basically the PIMPAD itself performs all the encryption on the device, has anti tampering mechanisms and I'll talk more about that in a piece a little bit later too. Is that better? Okay, so here's the ATM internals, receipt printer, over to the right you can see the card reader and there's a serial interface that leads down into the safe which is actually wired into the dispenser. And there's also various motherboard inputs, multiple USB, SD cards, network and some debugging ports. Now there's usually a cover that protects the circuit board and I've only removed it just to show the internals. I guarantee that these ATMs are completely stock, completely unmodified, totally untouched. Now, funnily enough of all the possible ways that an ATM talk could get disrupted, it was actually my cat who almost took it down for me. Had like a USB keyboard plugged in and he was running around chasing a moth or something and tripped over the USB cord, pulled it out and pulled out the processor plug-in at the same time but luckily it was easily soldered back in for, anyway, bad kitty. So in my opinion a presentation shouldn't really be a full-blown technical tutorial. So I'm gonna be following up later with a white paper that goes into more technical details but rather than digging deep into the ins and outs of Windows CE internals, I sum up the security hurdles I faced with this quote. We were concerned about protection but not about security. We weren't trying to design an airtight system like Windows NT. And this was from Thomas Fenwick, the guy who actually created the Windows CE kernel. And I got that from a book that was called Inside Windows CE which was essentially just a bunch of interviews with the core developers. So obviously things have changed a little bit since that book was written but to be honest there were not a lot of roadblocks. So before we can even think about giving the guy from Terminator to a run for his money and actually start devising attacks. First step is to be able to interface with the ATM itself, gain access to the file system and then with access to the file system we can then pull the executables off to be able to do some reverse engineering. Now unfortunately when the ATM boots, they're boots directly to a proprietary application so there's no explorer shell. So we need a shell to make things easy and originally I thought I could just, naively I thought I could just plug in a keyboard and just alt tab but that wasn't to be the case of course. So to get a shell we'll need explorer to somehow execute air boot time. The CE application boot sequence is pretty straightforward. Kernel NKXE runs file sys.exe, it initializes the registry in the file system and then executes the applications listed in the HKLM in the registry key. So the trick is to patch the application we want executed into this boot list. So we want to get explorer EC into the boot list and there's two approaches. The first approach is you actually have a copy of the CE ROM image, the registry file can then be extracted, modified, recompiled into the image but this requires a way of course to rewrite the flash, whether it be over serial, ethernet, JTAG or what have you. Now the other approach is to patch and explorer while you're debugging which of course requires debugging capability, JTAG and so on. So I decided to go with JTAG because it's a fairly straightforward way to accomplish our goals. JTAG is essentially a hardware debugging interface which will give you unrestricted debugging access to the processor core. Now the hardware for this stuff used to be pretty pricey but these days with OpenOCD and some of the open source developments here the hardware for less than a hundred bucks now. So with JTAG access we can remotely debug with GDB, debug the kernel, bootloader, so on. JTAG's been talked about to DEF so I'm not gonna dwell on it too much. So this is the hardware the bugger just connected to the motherboard. Now it probably seems obvious but the use of hardware the buggers and things of that nature have absolutely nothing to do with the ATM attacks that I'll be demonstrating. Simply used to initially gain access to the file system so we can reverse engineer to find vulnerabilities. Now speaking of JTAG I learned a valuable lesson when I was actually missing around one of the ATMs. I had the JTAG hooked up, screwing around, accidentally wiped out a massive chunk of the firmware which unfortunately overwrote some of the core ATM files. Now at the time I was unable to get the software for the ATM to fix it so I had to core a licensed ATM technician. And three of them came over to my house and again, you know, why do you have ATMs in your house? I said, oh, you know, I haven't moved into the convenience store yet or whatever. And anyway, so yeah, that's what happens, you know, I've never seen something completely annihilated stuff like that.  So the dude pops open the ATM and he's going on and I'm like firmware, what on earth is that, mate?  Teachers me a lot about hacking ATMs, I got his business card, we kept in touch, but I think possibly after this presentation that relationship may be severed. But so yeah, the lesson was always back up your firmware. So now that we can debug, we need a way to inject. Now with the debugger connected, we set a break point on create process, offset found by dumping the memory from the ATM and just doing a byte compare with an offline version of Corti LL. Now when working with the ARM process, the parameters on pass or function, the pass via registers before they utilize the stack. So R0 being the first parameter, it's going to have the executable that we want to execute. Now we simply replace the string of the ATM executable, reads from the registry, overwrite with explorer.exe. Now explorer.exe has to exist in the image for this to actually work. If not, you need to put a copy of explore on a removable disk and pass a full name to create process. But then you get a shell. So as simple as that really. Now when I was first playing with these ATMs, I was actually quite excited to have a shell on it. Had my ATMs playing movies and what not.  Filly slow flame rate and a six inch screen so they won't be replacing the home theater. Okay, so with explorer, we can plug in a USB drive and keyboards and copy off the files for reverse engineering. Modify the registries or explorers always gonna boot. Remote debugging with JTAG, of course, is not the ideal, with GDB is not the ideal way to debug a Windows machine. So the next step is to actually set up a more user friendly debugging environment. So as a way to debug Windows C applications, we're having Active Sync and that's a bug with Visual Studio over ethernet. You simply build an empty project, overwrite the local executable with the executable from the device you want to debug, with the TCP settings correct, it'll copy file from the device, and then you have application debugging Visual Studio. So now we finally have everything in place to be able to reverse engineer the software to locate the vulnerabilities, but also to test any software we create for the ATM. So finally we can get to planning an attack. Now of course there's a limited attack surface obviously. We have the card reader, but assuming we have an overflow or some other string based attack via the card tracks, is extremely limited amount of characters and a very restricted character set. I'm not gonna say it's not possible, but I'll say it'll be unlikely to be practical or all that reliable. The keypad's possibly a long shot, but you never know, maybe master passwords left in by developers, backdoors, what have you. And then the network, so any open ports, answering phone line, any options for any possible remote attacks. And of course the various inputs on the motherboard itself, but of course this requires access to the motherboard itself. Now of course progress is never really made without a few failures along the way, and my attempt to come up with a terminator to SCAC, I made this device. It's basically a electromagnet wired up to an amp which is connected to a media player. A web files created to simulate the data on a Magstripe. Electromagnets plugged into the card slot, you play the web and the ATM thinks it's just read a magnetic stripe. Technically it works fine, but it didn't help me for shit for finding vulnerabilities. Okay, so the walk up attack. The goal of course is to execute code on the ATM. Now the cash dispenser is housed at the very least by a safe. Even if that's if you take the cheapest option, if you spend more you can get some fairly heavy duty vault style protections. But the motherboard on the other hand is protected by, one key fits all lock. And this is standard practice as you can see. And like everything else on the internet, they're easily available to add to cart. And you can get keys for pretty much every major vendor. So one key safe will open all the models from that same manufacturer, the cabinet. Now, funny enough, the default keys used to be available last year, but they've somehow vanished. I'm sure of a little creativity they can still be acquired. So now with your master key, you have access to the USB slots and whatever other inputs. So you can pop open the motherboard compartment and insert a USB key within a couple of seconds. It's a lot faster installing a skimmer, of course. Now, even though the attack time here is short, of course, it's still the possibility for detection. That's the great thing about these retail and the standalone type ATMs. You know, they're in bars, they're out by the restrooms, out of sight, off by the sewing machine or something. But then there's also kind of the psychological aspect of ATMs, you know, it's considered kind of rude to look over the shoulder of someone that's using the ATM. Unless you're, of course, a criminal and if he was looking over my shoulder, well, he would learn a trick or two, I suppose. Now, all ATMs need ways to upgrade the firmware. And this is most often leveraged via the removable drives. So the ATM application will check the drive for a valid upgrade, a valid firmware is found. It will load it up, install and upgrade the device. And of course we can install whatever code we want to. Now, of course, the firmware is typically a proprietary format. Executables encapsulate in the firmware, there are checksums and encryption, but these algorithms are easily figured out by reverse engineering the code on the ATM side. So once you can create your own firmware package, it has the correct format, but you can then upgrades, but of course with a few modifications. Now, the remote attack, which is obviously the most important vector. So most, if not all ATMs are running some sort of Windows-based OS, support some form of remote monitoring and remote configuration. So this allows you to log into your ATM remotely, review or change your settings, get stats, change splash screens and so on. But another useful feature is the ability to remotely upgrade the software. Now this is sometimes a feature, but it's always something you can leverage if you have a vulnerability, right? Now obviously authentication is required to be able to do anything remotely.  And they're both made up of combination numbers and letters, five second delays forced after each connection attempt. So brute forces basically are the question. So we require a vulnerability within the authentication process itself. And it just so happens. So introducing Dillinger. Dillinger is my remote ATM attack or administration tool, whatever way you want to look at it. So we've talked about loading code locally on an ATM machine with the master key and the flash drive, the correctly formed firmware, your AC set. But the obvious drawback here is that you need to interact with the machine in some way. So of course the ultimate win is to be able to execute code or load software remotely. And that's where Dillinger comes in. Named after the bank robber, of course. So Dillinger takes advantage of a fairly serious vulnerability in the ATM remote management capability. And interestingly, although most operators don't actually use this capability, remote monitoring is enabled by default on all of this manufacturer's ATM, so charging. Now, typically to log into the machine remotely, require both knowledge of the serial number and of the password. Now, due to a pretty awesome vulnerability, I'm able to bypass all authentication on the device and the remote attack is 100% reliable. Now, Dillinger supports both TCP IP and it also supports dial up, because I heard through a fairly knowledgeable source that approximately 95% of these standalone type ATMs are using a dial up connection. So of course, back in the day, trying to find an ATM over the phone line would be a long process of nights and nights of war dialing. But thanks to tools like HDMor's Warbox, you can map out modems on exchange in a matter of hours and then just write a custom tool to find ATMs and you're away. So Dillinger allows you to manage the unlimited amount of ATMs through its interface. So you could add a group, say a city under this city, you can add each individual ATM that you found and either its IP address or its phone number. Now, the heart of the tool, of course, is the authentication bypass, which is the stepping stone to doing anything useful, really. So one feature in Dillinger is to be able to test the bypass in a way which confirms the vulnerability, but doesn't actually modify the remote system or leave any trace. So the obvious problem of finding a remote ATM is that you have no idea of the location. So I've added a feature which can pull the ATM settings, which includes all the master passwords and the receipt data, because you know each time you use an ATM, you look at the bottom of the receipt as the location of where it is or at least the name of the business, right? Upload a rootkit, and so that's not a bad feature. Bypasses authentication initiates the software upload, which lets me replace the firmware, so awesome. So in general, someone's going to need to be at the ATM if you want to get a payout, right? So I've had another feature so it would be possible to carry out an attack without ever visiting the ATM. When someone inserts a card, that track data is captured and I can retrieve that track data remotely. And finally, the remote jackpot, which I suppose speaks for itself, really. Now, introducing Scrooge. Scrooge is the rootkit I've developed specifically for ATMs, implements a typical rootkit technologies, hides itself by various C system calls, hooks, hides itself from the process list, hides itself in the file system, looking for schools filtering the results and so on. Now there's a hidden pop-up menu which can be activated with both a special key sequence on the ATM or inserting a card that has some custom track data on it. It'll run on any ARM or X scale based ATM until with a few tweaks. Originally it was designed for both Intel and ARM but it turns out that CE on X86 is actually pretty rare and basically non-existent in the ATM world. So the code for interfacing with the ATMs has to be customized with different ATMs as they all use different peripherals and fairly non-stated protocols for communicating. So I just use a standard set windows hook for capturing the side buttons on the ATM and although the API is actually undocumented and Windows CE still exists and it works as expected. So a combination of keys will trigger the menu. It's varied enough not to launch by accident but if maybe some kid's screwing around with it he might get a big payout but who knows. The card reader is hooked via an inline detour style patch so essentially where you patch in a branch instruction to a piece of code you'd like to intercept. Branch jumps your code, your code executes and then returns the original function. Now with the hook in place there's a check on the rebuff anytime a card has entered and if the second track matches gimme the loot it will bring up the menu as well. So the menu functions are fairly standard for what you'd expect. You can dispense from each cassette, print out stats which includes remaining bill counts and of course exit. So to add my own functionality I've added a few inline patches where basically if you patch in a few assembler stubs of the functions you wanna hook that stub calls functions in external TLL and executes any overwritten instructions and continues as normal. So this could be done dynamically but the fact that these specific ATM vulnerabilities allow me to replace the entire firmware and all the different executables I can make these patches permanent which is far more reliable. And it's also a lot easier on ARM as every instruction is 32 bits long. So I place hooks at the card reader, the pin pad and the parser that handles the remote configuration commands. So with those hooks we can add some fairly handy features, save the track data, capture the pin pad and a few custom remote commands. Get the track data remotely sure, remote jackpot might as well. So I've blitzed through these because there's a fair few demos I need to get through.  Actually let's start with the remote stuff first. Okay so we can start by adding a group. Hold on let me get this sort of thing sorted. So we'll make the group DEF CON we can now add an ATM. My ATM location I guess would be on stage at DEF CON. And so even though I support both modem TCP IP I just have this wired over crossover cable just for the ease of demonstration really. Okay so of course I can test the bypass which is important. This will allow me to ensure that the authentication bypass actually exists but won't modify anything on the system. So I'm gonna attempt connection, connected, testing ATM authentication bypass success. Now if you just wanna quickly flick over to the ATM now and get that on screen is that possible? So all that's shown on the ATM is that RMS process is just is RMS process basically. That's all that's seen. Okay now let's go back to the computer now please. Now of course the best is to be able to upload the root kit which will leverage that same authentication bypass to get there and I'm just gonna reiterate that this is default on every single one of these ATMs. So upload the final version of Scrooge. Connects sends the authentication bypass success initializes a software upload and now Scrooge is actually uploading to the ATM. That port is just default, say again? No I mean that's the port that they specify in the manual which interestingly enough can't be changed either. Okay if we could flip back to the ATM now. So basically once a root kit's been uploaded the ATM should reboot. Just says RMS process. So it realizes someone's managing the ATM they just don't realize that it's not legitimate I suppose. There we go so the root kit got uploaded the ATM's rebooting so now as it boots up it should have my root kit surreptitiously running in the background. Just let me know when that boots back up. Oh tried to cover the vendor's name but what can you do? Can I take one of those mics over there? Okay so as I said there's, we need to get actually on the ATM here. As I said there's two ways to pop up this remote menu. One is by the Gimmi diluted card and the other is by a special key sequence. So let's try it. Okay so it pops up my hidden menu there. Will let me dispense 50 notes from A, B, C or D which are the four cassettes on the ATM. I pronounced statistics like I told earlier. So let's just try to dump 50 bills from the first cassette. So these actually are doublers invites to the freak show party by the way. So yeah you can pop up the menu by the card but also by entering the special key sequence. And there we go. Okay can we go back to the computer again? So you've found this ATM but you of course you have no idea where it is. So that's where we can retrieve the ATM settings. Again uses the authentication bypass. Okay it's received the settings save into disk. So at the top here you can see the master passwords for my ATM, Barnaby's ATM. I actually don't live at one, two, three Kiwi streets by the way. But yeah so it has the your location, the master passwords as well as the phone numbers and also the IP address. Now so far all of these attacks have actually required someone to be at the ATM. And I require a volunteer from the audience now. Is Brandon actually here? I think he has a specific card created for this. By the way it was just any volunteers would have had all their credit card details displayed on the screen.  Yes that's actually another interesting point. They build the cameras. You can have the cameras built into these machines but via this remote management you can actually turn off the cameras or retrieve the images or even replace the images. Did you get your card back? Okay so I assume Brandon knows how to use an ATM so he's just entered his card. Okay we'll stay on the computer for one sec. So now I should be able to remotely pull the track data so this should have captured anyone's card that's been entered in there. Now you can see I had captured the gimme the loot card which was my original one to pop up the menu. Brandon's card, Dr. Raid of the Buster Cardi. I've never seen a credit card that says leet, leet, leet, leet, leet, leet, leet, leet, leet, leet before. Fair play. Okay if we go back to the ATM again please. Now of course you can't, you have to add the remote jackpot or just be rude not to really so let's try that one. It's connecting, sending the, we have a winner. And go down to the dispenser. What's that? Yeah. So I'll talk about that briefly at the end if I have time. But yes. Okay so, oh actually I almost forgot about the other ATM I'm sorry. So you remember that the attack on the other ATM, actually let me just make sure I have the correct firmware on it one sec. Okay so as you remember the attack on the other ATM is to simply pop open the compartment with your master key and insert the USB that has the correct firmware. I'm not very good at this, it takes me a while but should hopefully be in within three seconds. So that's the attack essentially carried out on that one and if we could zoom in on that one. Actually that's probably about perfect there. Takes a while to boot ARM processors, ARM9 is not the fastest.  It was also tailored for Vegas as well which you'll also see. Okay so, so that's just the, the Black Hat logo with the floats around the screen and it's just doing this as the ATMs actually initializing. So right now this is actually my firmware running on the device. Takes a little while to boot up. These aren't the fastest machines in the world unfortunately. Any quick questions while this is happening? What's up? I would say a year here on and off, you know. It's more of a hobby, sort of a nighttime job. And I think it has a better effect if I just open that first cabinet. Yeah it'll keep doing that. I'm just gonna disconnect the sound because it's kind of bugging me a bit. Yeah if you just go back to the computer again. So counter measures. So the obvious physical counter measure of course is to prevent the walk up attack is to offer upgrade options on the physical locks. That's where you have a unique key for each of the locks. Of course you want to take this into your own hands.  If a trusted environment is set up which allows only signed executables to be run, this would have prevented the original attack and although it wouldn't have prevented the attack vector of the remote, it would have added another barrier for uploading these rogue executables. Now unfortunately in Windows CE5, implementing the trusted environment isn't as straightforward as it should be. Code has to be introduced into the build and I think the option to implement a secure environment should be made a lot easier. But what can you do now to prevent the remote attack? Disable RMS. High chances are you're not using that functionality. Disable it and that can be done from the operator menu. And finally it's time to give these devices a proper rehall. There hasn't been a secure development methodology in from the get go. So you need to play catch up at this stage. Have the code audited, penetration tests, implement these best practices from here on out. There's been a noticeable surge in the community I've seen to research these proprietary devices like ATMs. And the simple fact is these companies who manufacture these devices, they're not Microsoft, they haven't had 10 plus years and continued attacks against their software which is for secure development, development where they are today. So I think it's important, we dig in, research these devices, find vulnerabilities, find solutions and ultimately ensure a more secure future. Thank you.


आबी दबग लाग लेग़ा अदर् catastrophe. अबी दबग लीग़ा इस बागना आब, जचवरँटवाग़ परढ़े, वरी विद. यो के अंवेन्ट्री में होगी जब हमारा प्रडक्षन रन ख़ाईगागागा. तो आप इंट्टेद अफ दिस्व ख़न्टिए आपट्टीग आप डलग ख़न्टीए एक तो, रन ब क्षे अप आप इस के अंदर दि मानड भी उजोगे यह वो भी मेत होगी. this is the re-order point, we have to place the order here, we have determined that this quantity will be there, so we will place the order here this is our lead time, we have placed the order here and we have received the new order here so this basically is our lead time, again lead time if we look at the optimum quantity, in calculation what is happening is this is basically your EOQ model we have added this in this, P divided by P minus D square root P is production rate and D is demand rate so we have added this in this EOQ model and because of this we have P O Q production order quantity model and after this when we calculate it, the re-order point will not change, we have to calculate it the same way which we used before what will be the maximum inventory level in this? basically maximum inventory level is your total production during the production run how much did you produce? let's say one week production run, so one week total production run minus total demand during that one week period, the production run so the quantity left you will be able to build up that inventory and that will be your maximum inventory so that is basically P T P is production rate multiplied by the time D T is demand rate multiplied by the time, so we have the maximum inventory now the thing is that if we convert this into QP, QP is quantity production quantity so basically what is the time of T? this quantity produced depends upon the production rate that means quantity divided by production rate will give you the time so in this equation we have to replace T with QP divided by P so we have the value of maximum inventory that is QP multiplied by 1 minus D over P so that is the maximum inventory which we have calculated now if we have to do the inventory holding cost, the setup cost will be the same the difference will be between the holding cost and the maximum inventory so maximum inventory divided by 2 is average inventory because the rest of the QP is not your maximum inventory EOQ model was Q divided by 2 but either Q divided by 2 will not happen either maximum inventory divided by 2 will happen and multiplied by H and we have basically QP divided by 2 multiplied by 1 minus D over P multiplied by H that is your inventory holding cost which is average inventory so in this case if the safety stock is not kept in this case you will get the value of this


Recent advancements in drug delivery technologies utilizing misoperous silicon nanoparticles, MSNs, have resulted in a path-breaking revolution in the approach towards diagnosis and therapy. MSNs are ordered porous materials with high-thermal, chemical and mechanical properties that have garnered immense attention as drug carriers due to their distinctive features over other materials. They can be synthesized using a relatively simple process, making it cost-effective. By controlling the parameters during synthesis, the morphology, pore size and volume and particle size can be transformed accordingly. MSNs have been used for loading small molecules as well as macromolecules such as proteins, CERNA, and so forth, making them a versatile carrier. Researchers have explored the potential of MSNs in drug-resistant chemotherapy and antimicrobial therapy by modifying the framework of MSNs. However, there is a lack of thorough understanding of its interaction with a biological system which poses a major hurdle in the passage of this carrier to the clinical level. Several patents have been filed in the field of MSNs for therapeutic purposes. This article was authored by Rima Narayan, Usha Waianayak, Ashok M. Raichur, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


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Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says find the third proportional to 4 and 8. Now if we have that A is to B is proportional to B is to C then C is called the third proportional to A and B and also the C would be called the fourth proportional to AB and B. This is the key idea for this question. Let's move on to the solution now. We take let the third proportional to 4 and 8 be equal to X then we have the fourth proportional to 4, 8 and 8 is also equal to X. That is we have 4 is to 8 is proportional to 8 is to X and so this means that the product of extremes that is 4 multiplied by X is equal to the product of the means that is 8 multiplied by 8. This gives us X is equal to 8 multiplied by 8 upon 4. Now 4 2 times is 8 so this is equal to 8 into 2 which means that X is equal to 16. Thus we have the third proportional to 4 and 8 is 16. So this completes this session. Hope you have understood the solution for this question.


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to be the section and demonstration of the entire colon. So starting from here, we can see this is the terminal ilium. There's the enosicum junction, and there's the secum. This is the ascending colon. This is the transverse colon. The junction between the ascending colon and the transverse colon, this region. This is the region of the hepatic flexure. And we can see it was attached to the posterior abdominal wall by means of the phrenopolic ligament. The transverse colon, then this portion was attached to the abdominal wall by the phrenopolic ligament. And then we have the descending colon, continuing as the sigmoid colon here. And we can see the sigmoid here. The sigmoid is S-shaped and goes deep into the pelvis. So this is the full extent of the colon. Now let's mention a few landmarks that we can see them here. Let's start from the iliocecal junction. If we look at the iliocecal junction, we can see these blood vessels coming here. This is the iliocoleg artery. And we can see the iliocoleg artery is dividing into a secal branch and an ilial branch. If you were to trace it, we find a small fold of petronium which we have removed here above the ilium. This is the superior iliocecal fold. This is the potential site of internal herniation. And when we are trying to release the intestinal hernia, we can cut this artery here. Likewise, if you were to look behind, we can see yet another fold here, where my finger is gone in. This is the inferior iliocecal fold. This is also a potential site of hernia. But here there is no blood vessel, and we can see that. This is referred to as the bloodless fold of trees. So that is the iliocecal junction. Now let's come to the secom itself. The secom is a unique part of the colon insofar that its length and its width are approximately same. 7.5 centimeters, 7.5 centimeters. So this is the secom. There's a small space behind the secom that is known as the retrocecal space. The rest of the colon was attached to the posterior terminal wall. The next thing we notice is this band that you can see here. And we can see the band is stopping here. This is one of the tinnia coli. Tinnia coli is a condensed, low-student smooth muscle. There are three of them named tinnia libida, tinnia vesu colica, tinnia omentalis. We notice fatty projections from the tinnia coli. These are known as appendicitis epiploid K. These can sometimes undergo torsion, in which case it is known as epiploidic appendegitis. The next thing I would draw your attention to are the tinnia coli and the transverse colon also here. When we are looking at the transverse colon, we must remember two things. The transverse colon is one of the two parts of the colon which has got a mesentery. And we can see the mesentery here. This is the transverse vesu colon. That is on the deep surface of the transverse colon. And extending from the superficial surface of the transverse colon, we have this structure here, which should not be confused with the vesu colon. This is the greater momentum. And finally, let's take a look at the sigmoid colon. If you trace it, we find that it is making an S shape. That's why it is called sigmoid colon. Having mentioned this, now let me show you the vascularity of the colon. Again, we are starting from the right side. We can see the blood vessel here. This is the terminal division of the superior mesentery artery, namely the heliocolic artery. And we have cut it here. And the other cut portion is here. This is the last branch of this superior mesentery. It divides into a secret branch and an elial branch. Secret branch divides it into an ascending and a descending. And one of the descending branches continues behind the elium, and it supplies the bendings. We can see it another branch here. Then we see it another branch here. So this is the right colic branch. This is the middle colic branch. Now we are in the descending colon. The descending colon is part of the hindgut because the junction between the midgut and the hindgut is in the transverse colon. Right two-thirds of the left one-third. So this supply is by the inferior mesentery artery. And we can see these are the branches of the inferior mesentery artery. And we can see the inferior mesentery artery starting from the L3 level of the aorta here. The inferior mesentery artery is giving rise to the left colic artery. And they again divide into an ascending and descending. And thereafter, the inferior mesentery artery gives multiple sigmoid branches. And we can see the sigmoid branches here. S1, S2, S3. And they all give multiple branches. And finally, the last branch of the inferior mesentery continues into the pelvis as the superior rectal artery. So having mentioned the main arteries supplying the colon. I will draw your attention to this artery here. This is the marginal artery. Marginal artery is not one artery. It's an arterial anastomosis. An arcade which goes all the way around. So this is the marginal artery. Marginal, it goes all the way on the mesentery side of the colon. And it continues on this side also in the transfer space of colon. And we can see the marginal artery on this side also. This is the marginal artery. And we can see the marginal artery here also. So therefore, the marginal artery, as the term implies, it goes all the way around the inner margin of the colon. And how is it formed? It is formed by the anastomosis of ascending, descending, right, left, ascending, descending branches of each colic artery. From the marginal artery, we can see multiple branches going to the colon. These are the straight arteries. And the arteries accompany the veins. And we can see the same thing here also. From the marginal arteries, we can see branches going to the colon. So lymph nodes in relation to the marginal arteries are called paracolic lymph nodes. So this is the blood supply of the colon and the venous drainage of the colon because arteries accompany the veins. All these run within the layers of the masonry. Now we are going to open up three or four representative sections of the colon. And my assistants are going to do it and we just see the interior of each of them. My resistance opened up some representative sections of the colon. We opened up the sacrum, ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon. But we could not make out much of the interior because it was filled with thecal matter. That's all we wanted to show about the colon. Thank you very much for watching. If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below. Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out. Have a nice day.


Hi Dan this is Molly. Can you hear me? Yes. Good afternoon Molly. I was just going to say a couple of little things before we started today if that's okay I know we're just about to time so I didn't know if you wanted to open up. We have all the board members on the line. I believe that board member Grable is not on the line yet. Okay. And why don't we wait a couple minutes. Sounds good. Thanks. Perhaps Lisa or Mary could text Chris and see if he's going to be joining the meeting. Or I can do it right now. Thank you. This is Lisa. He sent a response saying that he is trying so we might we might hear him in a second. I'll remind him that the number is in his email. Thank you. Hi this is Roberta who just joined please. Chris Grable. Thank you Chris. Okay I think we're all here. So Molly if you want to start off before we call the meeting to order please. Yes thank you. This is Molly McLean from the City Attorney's Office. Hello everyone. I know this is really unusual times so I thought it would be helpful just to remind everyone that even though it still feels a little bit like we're in a dark room trying to find our way this is a public meeting that has been allowed pursuant to the governor's orders relieving us from some of the obligations under the Brown Act because of the COVID-19 threat and requirement for physical distancing. We have made accommodations for public comments and those will be addressed throughout the meeting and reminding all the members that we still have all of the city protocols and requirements in place should be accessing outside information or or anything like that and I haven't hear online if there are questions. So thanks for letting me say those few things. Thank you very much. With that I'll go ahead and call the meeting of the Board of Public Utilities for the City of Santa Rosa to order and ask Secretary Perez to please do a roll call. Actually acting Secretary Aitha today but the roll call is as follows Chairman Galvin. Here. Vice Chair Arnone. Here. Board Member Badenfort. Board Member Bannister. Here. Board Member Grable. Here. Board Member Watts. Here. Board Member Wright. Here. Thank you. Thank you. Again a reminder to all of us to please mute your phones when you're not speaking and to please also put away all cell phones and computers. A reminder that this meeting is being streamed live so board members can follow the presentation on their iPads and staff can use the BPU's web page. So with that we'll move to our only study session item 3.1 Director Burke. Thank you Chair Galvin. Our only study session today is a review of the regional system budget and Deputy Director Kimberly Zanino will be doing the presentation. Welcome Deputy Directors Zanino. Thank you and good afternoon. Can you hear me okay? Yes we can. Every year we come to you with a budget study session. Sometimes we do all of our budgets together. Today we will only be looking at the regional O&M and CIP budget and the partner contributions. We do this every year to get to the point where we have a preliminary budget available and approved for our subregional partners by May of each year so that they have the ability to use those contribution numbers in their budgeting processes. So with that please Roberta go to slide 2. This slide is just showing you what changes there are in the overall budget. As you can see there are not there's not much. We really have a flat budget overall for the entire department and the regional budget is only going up by 0.6%. Next slide number 3 Roberta. These are budget changes that we will typically show you every year. Salaries are down slightly by about 2% this year and this is just for the subregional budget. Benefits are up by 2%. Electricity we are expecting that the cost for electricity will be up by about 20 to 25%. That is due to moving to evergreen. However as far as budget goes we are actually not going to see as large of an increase on the budget side. That is due to the fact that we have for the past many years been budgeting based on what we expect to use in a wet winter and have not had a wet winter to compare actual costs to and last year we had a very wet winter. So we have the ability to take a look at what our actual electrical costs were and how much electricity we were using and so we can budget now this year based on that example. As well as receiving some additional electricity from some of the projects that you have been notified about over the year and given reports on that are generating electricity actually out at the plant. We expect that vehicle expenses will be flat and that the IT allocation is going up by about 6.5%. Slide number 4 Roberta. I'm giving you this slide which is from the wastewater fund. This shows you the revenues that we are expecting and the expenditures that we are expecting on the revenue side. The reason why I'm showing you this from the wastewater fund is because Santa Rosa's portion of the budget for the subregional system is paid for by the revenues that we received through the wastewater or in the wastewater fund. Slide number 5 Roberta. This chart is just giving you a picture of where all of the money will be expended this year. As you can see we do and I'm adding into this chart the miscellaneous revenues. We do have some revenue that comes straight into the subregional system and we remove that from the operating expenses that are distributed amongst the subregional partners. So this just shows you where all of the money is going for the entire $16 million budget for this year. Slide number 6 Roberta. We show you this chart every year. This is basically an overall look at what the regional budget is. It gives you what our total operating expenditure request is. It shows you the regional cash funding for capital improvement projects which we have been increasing year over year by a million dollars in order just to move towards more cash funding for the regional facility because the operating expenditures are going up by a little bit. That also means that we need to add a little bit of money into our additional operating reserve because that is based on a 15% of operating costs. The next is just a grouping to show you what the various reserves are for the regional system and then you can see as I pointed out on the pie chart there are revenues that come straight into the regional budget and so those are taken off of the total before we determine what the contributions will be for each of our partners. Please go to slide 7. I don't see that yet on my screen. Is my computer maybe just frozen Roberta? Are we on slide 7? We're on slide 7 here Kimberly. Okay I'm just not seeing it on my screen. So slide 7 is total allocation. This is how the funds have been allocated out to each one of our regional partners. The ONM budget is distributed by actual flows from our previous year. When we have a total total flow for each of our partners we distribute the ONM cost based on that flow. The CIP contribution which is the seven million dollars of cash funding that is going into the CIP this year that is distributed by a set amount in our agreement and it's based on capacity per partner and then debt service is all based on when debt was incurred and the debt schedule that was set at that time and so you can see here this is just the total for each one of our partners this year and you can go to slide 8 please. I wanted to update you on not necessarily the project the UV replacement project but you have had some report items on this previously giving you just updates or I think there were staff briefings giving you updates on the project itself. The project estimate for the entire project is seventy million dollars. We plan to bid this project by early 2021 and in order to bid that project and go into contract for the replacement of the UV system we will need to be obtaining some bond funding. So we have been working with our partners they know about this we have been looking at the numbers all of the agencies Santa Rosa included will be providing cash funding to bring the total amount of the bond down so that we can reduce debt service for all of us. As we move through the year and we start working on the bond with our financial advisors all of the partners will be determining exactly how much cash they can contribute to the project itself and then we will go out for bonding for what is left for the project itself. Slide number nine please. As I said before the CIP this year will be seven million dollars of cash will be going into the CIP and if you go to slide number 10 this is just giving you a picture in a visual form just letting you know what projects that money will be going into. So you can see Geysers infrastructure will be getting 2.4 million and plant infrastructure will be getting about 4.5 million and we will also be putting some money into master planning and studies for the plant. And then you can go to slide 11. So currently I'm showing you the budget schedule here this will come to you on April 16th for a recommendation to city council and then we will take this to the city council on April 28th that will be so that we can inform our partners what their portion or what their contribution for the regional budget will be so that they can use that for their planning purposes and then the current schedule right now is that budget study sessions will go May 5th and 6th and then city council will be adopting the budget on June 23rd. Obviously things could possibly change at this point but that is still the current schedule that we have in place and with that I will take any questions that any of you may have on slide number 12. Thank you Deputy Director Zanino. Board members what I'm going to do is kind of poll each of you for any questions or comments that you have regarding this item. Let's start with Vice Chair Arnone. I have no questions. Thank you. Thank you. Board member Batenfork. No questions. Thank you very much for all your work. Thank you. Board member Bannister. I am good. No questions. Thank you. Board member Grable. No questions. Thank you. Thank you. Board member Watts. No questions. I just wanted to thank staff and board member Grable and Wright for their participation on the budget subcommittee. Staff has done a phenomenal job with providing us updates and and doing it in such an efficient way as always so thank you and I know this is difficult to be reviewing budget you know in this virtual manner but thanks for providing it in such a simple way for everyone. Thank you Board member Watts and to all three of you for your work on the budget subcommittee. Board member Wright. No comments. Thank you. That's my understanding Secretary Affa that there's been no public comments received by email or by voicemail. That is correct. Okay then if there's no further questions or comments thank you Deputy Director Zanino and that'll take care of the study sessions. And I note that I skipped over item number two which is Statements of Abstention by Board Members. Are there any hearing none? The minutes are being postponed to our next meeting. We have no staff briefings. We have a Consent Calendar that has six items on it. This is Board Member Arnone. I'll move the Consent Calendar. I'll second that. Motion by Vice Chair Arnone seconded by Board Member Banister to approve the Consent Calendar. I'm going to poll each of you individually. I am an aye. Vice Chair Arnone. Aye. Board Member Baden-Fort. Aye. Board Member Banister. Aye. Board Member Grable. Aye. Board Member Watts. Aye. Board Member Wright. Aye. Thank you and again I'm advised that there were no emails or voicemails received from the public with regards to this matter. Is that correct Secretary Atta? That is correct. Thank you. That'll take care of the Consent Calendar. Next item is public comments on non-agenda matters and again I don't believe we received any. Is that correct? That is correct. All right. We have no referrals. We have no written communications. Any subcommittee reports? Any Board Member reports? Director's report. Thank you Chair and thank you Board Members. I appreciate all of you working with us and participating through this new virtual process and I hope you all are safe and well. I did want to take a moment just to update the Board on two things. One, the Board may recall that a couple of Board meetings ago we let you know that due to some corrosion that the Sonoma County Water Agency found on their Russian River Katadi Aqueduct Pipeline they were needing to do an emergency repair. They started that repair towards the end of March and this last Sunday the 29th they completed that repair and we had no interruptions to water service so just wanted to let the Board know that that has been completed. It was a great job by the Water Agency to get such a big project done so very quickly so we appreciate all of their work. And then second I wanted to just provide the Board an update on what we're doing in the water department and the staff in relation to the response to the COVID and the health order that in the shelter in place. I really need to just acknowledge that I am so incredibly proud and grateful to have such a department that is so dedicated to what they do. We know that we provide a critically important function never more so than right now and I really want to thank the leadership team, the deputy directors, and others that are in the water department for their grace, dedication, support, and guidance. They have done a tremendous job supporting our staff and figuring out ways that we can provide a staffing model that allows us to provide as much protection in place for our staff to continue to provide our vital water and sewer service as well as treatment of our wastewater. At this time approximately three-quarters of our staff is working from home on the water and sewer operation side. They have developed three shifts of about 17 folks that are able to come in a week on two weeks off to try and come create as much social distancing as possible. We are also continuing to staff over the weekends as well as staff the guard check. We're continuing to meet all regulatory requirements with our water quality folks. Our treatment plant operators are continuing to come in and effective this Sunday they're going to switch to two 12-hour shifts to further reduce the number of folks that are coming in and create more social distancing. On any given day at our regional treatment system we have about 19 staff working. We also have one to two staff working in the laboratory as well as two administrative staff supporting folks critical operations for water and sewer and water quality. We have three water inspectors that are available and come in as needed to support development. We have an environmental specialist that's out in the field supporting one of our crucial sewer projects right now and our stormwater staff are available for spill response. So we've done as much as we can to really reduce down the number of staff that are coming in and again I just really want to thank the entire department and in particular the leadership team for their forethought and creative ways to really provide as much protection for staff while we keep this essential function going. So that is my report. Happy to take any questions. Thank you Director Burke and I think it goes without saying that the board is extremely proud of everything that the department is doing to get through this crisis and we wish you all the best and hopefully everybody stays healthy and safe. Are there any board member questions or comments? Mr. Chair, this is Bill Arnony. I just wanted to express my appreciation for the quality of the board packet for this meeting. We had a lot of things on the consent calendar and it was important that we find out what was behind those things and I think the quality was excellent given the circumstances. So I just wanted to express my appreciation for a complete board packet that made today's meeting much easier. Thank you. Any other board member questions or comments? Yeah this is board member Grable. I would also like to just say how grateful I am and being and having folks in public service right now that this level of commitment and dedication is. I mean we're just all at their mercy and I'm very grateful. We've been getting a lot of feedback that Sonoma County and Santa Rosa has really some of the best approaches to these things currently partly because we've been through so much in such a short amount of time I think. I did want to just ask about scenarios and planning regarding our low income rate payers and going forward I know we're not we're not shutting off water and I know we have you know some plans in place but you know in the event that this goes on for you know six months or more which you know some of the modeling says we're you know the the surges and then the the easing up and the in the shelter in place guidelines etc it could be you know quite a long time and I was just curious to know what we had in place to try to figure out how to manage that from from the perspective of rate payers that are obviously not making any money right now but and their water won't be shut off but they're still accruing you know they could be accruing substantial debt especially since they're spending more time at home and probably using more more water than they would normally so what's our what's our scenario planning regarding that. Well and if I may this is Molly I know that we all appreciate the question and I and I want to give the director an opportunity to briefly respond but it is not an agenda item so that that may be something that we'll have to delve into more deeply in the future so maybe just a something brief at the moment would be appropriate thanks. Yes thank you board member Grable and thank you assistant city attorney McLean yes we do recognize that this is an issue and a concern we have as you noted suspended shutoffs at this time we've also reestablished service for folks that might have been shutoff prior to this shelter in place going being put in place we're looking at other options and as was noted we'll put this on a future agenda to provide additional information to the board on what we're doing in response to this. Okay I appreciate that I guess more more than anything I just would hope that we can plan for the absolute worst case scenario in the longest terms possible just just looking at the modeling and the data it seems like we may be faced with some fairly challenging worst-case scenarios just in terms of timeline so I guess my my question is more of a you know I hope we're planning for the worst and and knowing that this could be a real a real long road but thank you. Yes I understood and I think we are we are starting to have those discussions about implications and next steps and so we will plan to bring that back to the board at a future meeting. So yeah hear you very clearly thank you. Thank you I really appreciate it. Thank you any other board member questions or comments for the director? This is David board member Bannister just a quick question about flows since all of this started water and wastewater usage and also the storage situation. So yes I can briefly respond so we actually have looked at this time to see if we've seen any increase on the water demand side or the wastewater flow side we have not so that we're not really seeing any difference I think the the usage is just shifting from where it used to be to people being at home we also know commercial businesses which is a pretty big chunk of use is also pretty reduced down at this point in time too. In terms of recycled water storage we actually and again Molly please let me know if I'm going too far but we are back within and underneath our sort of average storage curve at this time so we're in really good shape in our recycled water storage. Thank you any other questions or comments all right if not we will adjourn the meeting please all be safe healthy follow our guidelines and we will see you online or on the phone in a couple weeks we're adjourned thank you all


Everybody forced here ripping 2023 definitive and chrome update jumbo three box mixer number three random teams will roll the dice and random right now And then we'll rip the break. Good luck everybody exactly Steve you get it You get it order pizzas And there's a seven six and one seven times one two three four five six and Seven a shams down to David L and the team seven times now one two three four five six and seven A's down to Dodgers All right a shams A's Brian M. Orioles sage with the angels Steve H. Marlin's Nats Ching L Pirates Rays Mark L Rockies Gregory M. Braves Zihao Guardians Gregory M. Mariners DW Mets David L. White talks Frank W. Cardinals Gregory M twins Red Sox Giovanni Brewers Terpy with an astros Brian M. Tiger Swaggy G Phillies Eugene Reds Gregory M. Blue Jays Alex P Yankees Evan L. Padres Michael J. Cubs Jesse eight Diamondbacks NAMQ Rangers Peter M. Royals Joseph S. Giants and David L. with the Dodgers Yeah, whether was nice for a while like a few weeks ago. It was it was nice like every day And now it's been like it rained and now it's just been like really warm Isn't that usually how it is for like that next couple days just humidity reasons Really wasn't any humid though. It's more just He's the cool off again, though, I agree luck last mixer we got The hockey break in X and then we got the definitive cases after so we break it until probably Close to one for group breaks and then we'll have just like an hour So maybe not eat probably not even an hour for personal is Ricky your factor copy out of Mariners It's not used to being up to play anymore. I never get used to it like a little bit, but most of time now some nights I'm like, oh, I feel good Most eyes. That's not the case Get here like 2 p.m. Oh Neil cruise feature stars prism is a door Padres Shavez refractor gold something coming up here Golden mini diamond nice and it is a Rob ref Snyder Red Sox number to 50 Extractor gonna be an all-star auto and it is Alexis Diaz for Cincinnati to 125 All-star auto 125 Alexis Diaz Albee's Vladdy Kyle Lewis Yeah, that's true. Always warmer central Florida for sure prison Burleson debut Cardinals Fracture rookie Varland Brewers Yeah, I didn't mind those rainy days at all Cassis not cost of what action stars baby refractor rookie stout Reds Yellow mini diamond is rookie debut Alvarez Mets number to 75 Nice card Mets rookie prism is Ryan Walker Giants and Kelly Jensen refractor Purple speckle rookie auto Bendeluzio to 299 for the Cardinals All-star judge action star shoto and Philips shoto soda action star soda soda and Brad Phillips there And the finnish is great at Alexander finnish is fire Let's get some of the best relics in baseball products some of the best Michael Harris future stars their merino rookie prism for the Diamondbacks and Soriano rookie refractor Marlins It's it's fine. It's all right.  You're gonna come to work on it. All right orders are to watch this I'd rather do warehouse work than watch Aquaman.  Nope Maybe probably I don't need to be certified to drive it But if you get caught Jordan Lyles, I don't want to get caught All right black and white mini diamond is gonna be a Blake Perkins rookie auto for the Brewers on the SP Ready Freeman Jordan Walker and Mason Miller refractor debut the A's Magenta your meta 399 go into the Mets prism is Rodan Yankees and Garrett Hill rookie refractor for the Tigers so Dennis Hyper Peralta Dodgers Refractor causes debut Red Sox We have ever 2400 we don't have her 2600 Photo negative is Julian debut for the twins Rick your fracture debut is Harris for the Braves. I see I have a couple personals of it tonight That is a rookie Taj Bradley frozen fractor Numbered three of five Three of five Taj Bradley frozen fractor But they were negative numbered I think that was Three of five there's some damage in the back of this too. Yeah, it was some damage on this one I'm gonna send a boxing rapper with the raised spot It's a nice Taj. Very nice prism Josh young debut for the Rangers and Paxon refractor and that's if we get down to Magna. That's gorgeous Got Walker Titans for the Cardinals Carol All-Star for the Diamondbacks and Langaliers refractor debut A's Future stars Volpe prism Corbin and a refractor of Lamont Wade Yeah, I knew Kyle and Jake will like that one frozen fractor Drew Maggi rookie Otto for the Pirates Lonzo Freeman Giordemay So it was just the Rockies we started this one. I'll check after to see if there's anything left Nope sold out Sold out for the night guys personals are full we'll get more personals going tomorrow after group breaks Timbox Tuesday started 4 p.m Eastern Trooper release day Wednesday museum collection baseball. It's like it's scratch. I don't know if it's it's like pressed by some it's not scratched It's like the like the indent of like the car, you know how they yeah I could just maybe got off the machine or something prism Lamont Wade jr. For the Giants I'll show I'll show this on the box. I guess Fractor a door. I don't know exactly what's going on there And a gold coming up now is clay homes autograph Yankees on the gold Clay homes to 50 Got J rod on the All-star That is an expose rookie Jordan Walker cardinals number to 50 nice sp. There we go Good few boxes here Who's got say Louie Frank W With the Cardinals the Redbirds expose a Walker to 50 on the sp. I don't I'm seeing one of those Yeah, I think Kyle pulled one a couple days ago Prism Duval Red Sox Walker rookie refractor for the Giants think I'll pull one Someone pulled one here Logan Ohope on the rookie autograph for the Angels Good hit for the Angels a Tani all-star as well for the same team action stars Michael Harris so good jumbos here and A future stars rally green a prism rookie Bouchard Rockies Monastery a rookie refractor for the Brewers Don't he's doing that top loading. Oh, yeah And Senga refracta fret refracta Senga refracta the debut something like that Real harsh box boss accent hold I sang a refracta Fracta dude Sound so good Not not good She reminds me of one of my managers.  Yes Little too cool Little too cool. Good job Big poppy Jersey autograph five of ten rod Red Sox Heck yeah boss and love this one. That's Greg M. Great guys a lot of the Ortiz is now too Get that one back for you Greg Jersey auto big poppy Five of ten rookie autograph to 50 is gonna be Libritor for the Cardinals Matthew Libritor, that's the wrong sleeve. This is the right sleeve. I Really have Jersey Auto Roger Clemens by six of ten rather for the Red Sox as well Big poppy got the rocket here six of ten Clemens Jersey Auto game used Dodgers nice hit on the Definitive auto 25 of Freddie Freeman Nice Freddie Red Sox still well very nice Dodgers hit here for the mixer that goes to David L Royals rookie auto out of 25 Vinnie Pasquantino pasquatch rookie auto Pasquantino, Pasquantino Peter and with the Royals dual auto redemption Padres Manny Machado and Juan Soto On the dual relic auto redemption big card There we go Machado Soto dual auto might might probably won't be teammates much longer It's like Soto gonna get traded Padres probably aren't gonna keep him. We're gonna resign him. They paid everybody else. I got no more money Jersey card at a 40 is going to be say a Suzuki for the Cubs. That's pretty sick, dude Protectors at the plate game used some sort of Like shin or elbow guard of William Contreras as a brave here Yeah, protect us at the plate protector relic. So elbow shin pretty good Greg You got some nice hits man to see in the recap here Tray us with the dirt on it, too There's somewhere All right, so we had numbered from Chrome Guillaume Alvarez Rev Snyder autos of ohope Magi this Magi has like some weird stamp on it. It's not a scratch It's like when they like the edge of the car just got like off for some reason Here's face So we'll set a box wrapper with that Not sure if it's worth replacing just wanted to point it out like a white mini diamond or Kyoto Blake Perkins Extractor Alexis Diaz Bendeluzio gold clay Holmes Suzuki Jersey the Rator auto Clemens Jersey. Oh, that's that's for you, Greg.  You get the red sox in the random here Roger Clemens Freddie Freeman Dodgers past Quintino Exposed a 250 Cardinals Jordan Walker on the rookie SP frozen fracter Taj Bradley to five for the Rays We're sending a box. There is some peeling at the top here like some roller damage. It looks like You know, that's what that blue like powdery substance looks like This is also yours Greg Jersey auto David Ortiz the 10 and dual auto redemption for the Padres Machado and Soto This one's going to Evan Al congrats Evan. I'd be sick once you get that I'm sure there's gonna be some cool relics Padres always have like the camo in this stuff All right y'all that'll do it's on to hockey for a second