i hynny'n gwneud yma yng Nghymru, ceisio gwylio ar yw'r ffordd. Felly mae'n eich gael ei wneud ymylch o gyfnodol gael gweld, a'r U.S. i'w ddysgu i'w ddau sydd o'r cynllun o'r ddau sydd wedi bod yma'r cyllidau a'r cyllidau o'ch cyllidau'r ymddangos, yma'r cyllidau a'r U.S. a'r U.S. i'w ddau'r cyllidau a'r cyllidau o'r cyllidau o'r cyllidau sydd o'r cyllidau. Yn rhoi'r ffordd fasilog o'r roi, a esoeth yng Nghymru llwll i'r Cif Llywodraeth, mae'r byw yw ychydig. Mae hi'n ceisio, mae'r ffordd Cymru, mae'n ystafell ymlaen gyda chi'n gweld hynny o'r cyfrifol sydd yn ymgyrch. Felly, rydyn ni'n ymgyrch yn gwneud ei ddweud ytat iddyn nhw, ac chi'n rymysgu fwrdd o'r ddylch yn fawr o'u pwysig. As well as all the other open that she talks about. Okay, thank you. So Nigel, just one question as the next speaker is setting up Thomas. You can start. Why didn't this happen sooner? It seems, I mean I know you've been explaining that it's not as simple, but I mean the rationale seems simple. Why didn't anybody think of this? I mean the rationale folks like that. Ask yourselves why hasn't openness happened forever and why is it still a cause you need to promote and gather support for? There are lots of reasons. I didn't really have a chance to talk about them, but there is a culture of actually governments thinking they know their data best. They don't actually entirely trust people to make sense of it. They employ armours of experts to analyse it before it can go out there. That's just one reason. There was also I think a notion that the idea, they often thought they were doing it. They literally thought that producing it as a PDF report or having built a website that described it buried away in some pages somewhere was publishing the data. One thing that we absolutely require in the future going forward is that sites like NHS Choices that actually have a large amount of data about a sector make the data that drives their websites available using open standards. Because actually one of the problems in many of these areas are the content management systems that are proprietary, that are IT legacy systems in government. Thanks very much.


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What's going on everybody? This is 2019 NT football two box number five as a number block for these five teams Thanks everybody for getting in ten spots. Everyone knows how the number blocks work Let's roll the dice and we'll see how many times we're going ten times break will be in a separate video Yeah, it's gonna be that stadium club chrome looks really cool Super fractured and stadium club cool with those photos All right once again ten times seven eight nine Ten four and a six Christian down a Lee and Ten times numbers remember any redemptions go to the zero spot automatically Even if it's a known one-on-one, it'll still go to the zero spot five six seven eight nine and ten So there you go Christian nine Adam K one James zero Chad to Stephen K six James four Adam eight James five and seven and Lee Three so there you go. Um in a separate video will be the break


Good morning, AUSA, and welcome to our second presentation of Warrior's Corner, Building the Army of 2030, Reconnecting America and the Army with Presenter Major General Johnny Davis, Yuserec CG. Well, thanks, thanks. So first of all, thanks for being here. As you know, my name is Major General Johnny Davis. I just took over U.S. Army Recruiting Command, and I think everybody in the Army wants my job, huh?  With 30 plus years of service, when I think about being fully manned, I remember the days of the early 90s, the mid 90s, each of the transformations our Army has went through as a young captain in 95, 96, through the early 2000s, all of that training, the NTC, everything that was all about investing in our future and all those men and women that I served with by my side, they strengthened me to where I am today. And I also think about that next generation. Right now, my oldest daughter, 2013 West Point grad, she is deployed in Africa, serving our nation. And I think about her and all of the men and women with her in Tunisia, and when they deploy, they should have all of the men and women they need for their mission, right? And that's what motivates me to get up and make sure that this wonderful nation, you know, service to our nation, service to not only the Army, but any service is so, so very important. I know we all know that there's, you know, there's challenges out there, right? I mean, it's a lot of different challenges. And we can name a few, but, you know, I'll touch on that, but that's not where I'm focused. And I want to share with you where I'm focused. We know that, oh, by the way, this is happening everywhere, right? Everywhere. Everyone's dealing with this, this war for talent in this, in the current market. So we have to understand that first. We ought to understand the problem. There is a war for talent and everyone has to compete for it. I don't want to compete. I want to win. We want to win for our nation and we want to win for the Army. So that's my approach. You know, qualification. We know the percent, you know, propensity of those who want to serve is about 9%. We know that, you know, about 23% are qualified to serve. So that's another 77% that are not qualified. You know, this is a big deal and we all need to understand what that impact can mean to all of us. And no matter where you go, we cannot sit idly by and allow this percentage to decrease, right? Because then that population of men and women who serve decreases every day. And I want my daughter and my daughter that, you know, Marine Corps, my daughter in JRTC, and if she decides to serve, I want to make sure that their squad that they deploy with this fully manned and equipped and trained. You agree? So that's why I'm so focused. I think there's, of course, the, you know, negative perceptions, there's fear. There's a lot of different things going on. And where I think I can, you know, I'll ask for your help. I think each and every one of you, I call it a superpower. Everybody has a superpower. And that's what I'm trying to unleash in the United States Army recruiting command. Because these men and women are soldiers just like me and many of you who have served. They're no different. We've asked them as direct, you know, Department of the Army, you know, recruiters to serve. So they could be a armor, you know, platoon sergeant, and then goes from that, the armor community, and to Madison, Wisconsin, or Key West to serve as a recruiter for our nation and their, in their neighborhoods. So just remember that that, first of all, this is a big jump for many of these men and women. And I've talked to so many. So I've sent out a survey. Now remember, I've only been in command five days. All right? I'm going to be honest with you. I think a lot of folks have said to me, have you fixed it? I'm sure some will say, yes, we're going to fix it. Not only will we fix it when with your help, we're going to crush it and we're going to make history. We're going to turn this all around. I promise you that I am, I am tireless in this effort to ensure that our men and women, wherever they are in the future, have the right personnel to the right and left. That is so very important. And I know those days when we, when we would deploy and not have 90 or 100 percent strength, that impacts all of us. And I don't want that to impact our wonderful nation and all of our wonderful men and women because all that does is raise the stress level of an already stressful deployment. So I sent out a questionnaire before I took command. I said, hey, to all of the mostly 9,000 recruiters, we have recruiters all over the world, ladies and gentlemen. I just want you to know that we have recruiters and you name it country, the Guam, Mariana Silence, Korea, Camp Zama Japan, Key West, Maine, Madison, Appleton, Wisconsin, as you know, I'm from Wisconsin. So there's so much and they're everywhere. But bottom line, I asked them, hey, tell me what am, what am I missing? What can I do for you? Okay, I got the entire United States Army behind this endeavor. What can I do for each and every one of you? Eight questions to the recruiting command. Guess how many responses I got so far in about three weeks? 44,000. I'm going to tell you what they said. I'm going to tell you exactly what they told me to focus on and I think it's so very important. They said, sir, before you assume command, and again, 44,000 responses. We took an entire platoon of Orsas. We used all of the word, computerized, AI, word readers, and it enabled us to focus on the top 20. The first one was please support and resource us, all right? Please support and resource us, and that's what I promise. I'm listening to this recruiting force. Did you hear me once talk about numbers? No, I'm talking about people and that's who I am. I focus on the men and women. I bring out their superpower and make that organization transformational and powerful, and that's what I'm sharing with you because I think this is so very important, and you will also help us get this. The second thing they asked me to do, boss, focus on the organization. Build a positive climate, think about it. Think about the stress in an already tough environment. I'm a staff sergeant, I got five years in the army. Okay, I went from installation that had everything I needed to direct army recruiter in Montana. Now the BAH they're receiving is not compatible with the cost of living there. So potential challenge one. And now remember, you don't have the commissary and PX. So all of these things are adding up and impacting this wonderful recruiter population. So I'm so focused on them, and that's what they've asked me to do. And I'm listening. And I owe this to every single one of them. And I'm sharing this with you because I'm so open and transparent. I think it's so important to understand the human endeavor of what we do in the service. The third thing, talent management. We want to make sure, and remember, I think we're all fighting for this right talent. But we got to have the right people in the right place.  Because we're going to ask them to be the United States Army wherever they are. Okay, remember, we pulled them from an installation that had everything they needed. And then we put them in, you know, a town in Nevada. Okay, or we placed them in, you know, another city that they, you know, 3,000 miles from home. So I ask you, this is what's so important. The fourth thing they asked me to do, sir, reduce the stress on a recruiting force. I've listened to them, and we're going to get after that. And whatever I can do, and every single one of you will help us reduce that stress. Because remember, there's so much on them right now, and they're thinking through, you know, based off of the declining, you know, propensity, the numbers that are moving forward to serve, the potential negative perceptions, that's all on them. These are 23, 24-year-old staff sergeants. This is their second duty assignment in the United States Army, and we can't forget that.  So I'm listening to them, and I know, I shared this with them in my recent town hall. I think we had over 5,000 on the town hall, which was, I told them was a day off. So they still tuned in. The fifth thing they asked me to do was, sir, focus on training. Training, that was a good point. So what, during this period of COVID, we weren't able to have the interaction and access. So training atrophies, very smart comment from I think about 1,200 recruiters.  We're gonna retrain and recertify, and we're gonna place them where we need within the recruiting force. Because that's what they've asked me to do, and I've listened to them. So I want to share that with you. And then increase access. We all know, and I know I have six children, two are out of the house, three in high school. My three high schoolers, one's a senior, but only attended high school one year because of COVID. So access is so very important. So our recruiters didn't have that access, and that each and every year is a population of about four to five million who didn't get a chance to see United States soldiers, or those who serve our nation. Think about that. So access is so very important, and we're working on that very hard. I wanna be able to have any recruiter who are representing our great army to go to the local high school and be able to walk in and work out of time to talk with the counselors, share their army story without being told, hey, we love to have you, but we want you to sit in the cafeteria at 16.30 for an hour. That's not gonna work. So access is so very important. And then the last thing they've asked me to do, I nip 44,000 responses. Sir, drive positive change. Oh, we gonna do it all right. I'm all in, because I'm listening to them, and I wanna give them everything they want to succeed, because guess what? All of them will lead our nation after many of us are retired, all right? So you have to listen to them. And like I said, I'm all in, and we're going to transform this. And with your help, with all of your help, we're gonna crush this, and we're gonna bust every model that's ever been ever imagined, every algorithm, and we're going to take this nation into the future, because that's what it's all about right now. And that's why, again, I've only been in command four days, I ain't got it right yet. Just give me a couple more weeks, and then I'll be able to help. But before I take any questions, where I can ask each and every one of you? Please, please. If you see someone, whether it's Army or whatever, I prefer Army, that if there is a prospect, please reach out to your nearest recruiter, and I'm gonna send this information out and a note to everyone, to the world. We're gonna create a 1-800 number so that you can, if someone you're interested in, let us take it from there. Of course, you got to goarmy.com, but if you take a look at that, you can put some information. But I wanna make this as simple as I can for each and every one of you, all right? I owe you that. So that's something I would ask you to do. I would ask you to help us with local school districts and superintendents. Access is so very important. So I would ask each and every one of you, when you return to wherever you are, please, take the time, you can link up with your local recruiter, you can find that out on goarmy.com or you can link up with either the local official mayor, superintendent, you name it. But the goal is let's talk about that relationship building and really access for our wonderful men and women so that they can go in. And then the next thing I would ask you to do, help me mobilize the entire army. So on one November, I'm gonna send out, I pinned it, personally pinned a note to all army retirees in their family. I think it's Army Echoes. It's gonna go out to 1.5 million. I didn't tell them, hey, let's think about this. I'm gonna ask each and every one of you within the next seven to 10 days, you will go, you can use the app that I'm gonna place in the Echo. I want you in the next seven to 10 days to go to your nearest recruiting station and let's mobilize and help them because they need it. And that's what's gonna help lower some of the stress on these wonderful men and women. They're us. They're us. We've asked them to serve in areas that they've never served in before and they're trying to crush it. So there's a lot of different things I can talk about. I got plenty of notes, but let me stop right there because I wanna take the time because you know I'm motivated. If you don't know I'm all in, something's wrong. So I'll stop right there and I'll take a moment to answer any questions. Yes, sir. He's right there. Thank you. General, I'm the Army Reserve Ambassador for New York and last week we had the Cassin ARA meeting about market research on Gen Z. I'm sure you're familiar with the research on it. One of the things that had come up is that Gen Z is let's say unique and they have differences in how the rest of us looked at the Army. And one of the issues that I brought up and continue to bring up is my belief that Army marketing is not focusing on the specific issues that Gen Z is. Particularly, Army should be talking about vocational training. We will train you to a job and train you to your future and I'll be perfectly frank. I think the warrior advertising is not going well with Gen Z. Yeah. So that's a great question. And before I get into detail, so I have daughters who are Gen Z and you're right. To them, it is YouTube, TikTok and how they communicate with each other is a lot different. But what I will share with you is that the Secretary of the Army and whose top three priorities right now are recruiting, recruiting and recruiting. She set up the Army Recruiting Task Force and that is served one of the key areas that they're looking at, marketing. So when you think about marketing is, what's the high level marketing? What's mid-level? And local, in my case, where I want to focus in the zip codes that need the marketing. So there's a lot of different areas when you talk marketing, but I'll tell you, Alex Fink and his team in Chicago and DBB and the Army Recruiting Task Force, they are working through that specific point. So trust me, they're working on this right now. So thank you. Sir. General? Yeah. I wanted to know your thoughts on how Recruiting Command plans on integrating with our other programs, such as H2F, before they even stepped foot inside of Basic. Yeah, so that's one area in terms of we have to get better at. And I don't think the integration is there. And based off of the, like I said, the thousands of comments, that is a particular focus for me to try to align all of our health and fitness, holistic fitness with our recruiters. What I want to do is I want to prepare them for this remote type of assignment. And remember, wherever they are, they are the United States Army, but I want them to be a strong pillar of the United States Army wherever they go. So that is one area that's really, if I think about constantly, it is that. Because when you think about a stressed force in the middle of nowhere with no means to access the things that need H2F that I can find at any military installation, that right there keeps me up at night. Yeah, thank you. Sir. Yeah. Thank you for all your work. Former Army Infantry Officer, your recruiters are doing a lion's share of work, as you mentioned. Yeah. Recruiters are salespeople, whereas marketing is reaching one to millions or hundreds of millions. What should the Army marketing story be? Well, like I said, they are, so this is a key area for the secretary of the Army. And without going and getting ahead of the Army senior leaders, they are working on this right now. And this is a big deal, ladies and gentlemen. This is not something that, this has got the attention of our secretary, the chief of staff and all of the key leaders. I mean, this is, it is being worked right now. And I'm sure that everyone will benefit when the Army makes the announcement. Sir. Hi, sir. I'm a former recruiting battalion commander. You know, Gallup and Quinnipiac do recurring polls on trust in public institutions. And a lot of them are really low and the military has been the holdout. The military has had an elevated status for a long time until the last three years. And we've taken a serious dip. And I think if we're asking young Americans to join a team and their opinion of that team is getting worse, it's something we've got to address. What are your thoughts on that coming in? Yes, sir. And that's where I would ask each of your help. A lot of our wonderful future, you know, soldiers or men and women out there across the nation just don't know about the United States Army. And what they know of it are those perceptions and negative perceptions that I have been all over this country. Before this, I was the U.S. Army Connect Command. So I have been in places. And you would not believe some simple questions when I ask about, hey, what do you think about the Army? It is, you know, it's the flak jacket platoon scene. Hey, sir, if I join the Army, can I have a pet? Hey, sir, if I join the Army, can I get married? Ladies and gentlemen, this is totally 100% real.  So I will share with you, and that's why I ask everyone, we got to mobilize the entire force to educate our nation. Because right now, you know, some of the perceptions and although negative, they're penetrating and reaching those that may not know anything about the Army. And so that's why I think it's so very important. The Army is transformational.  I took on student loans to get into the door, but I knew I did not want to graduate and I wanted to serve and that's what led me to ROTC. So each one of us has a story, but I need to share mine. And I think everyone has their story, but that we have to keep them informed. That's everyone. And that's why you can never assume everyone knows about the Army or the goodness about the Army because it's not, it's wrong. We all have to get out there, mobilize, and educate everybody. Thank you, sir. General, hi, I have a question. Could you explain to us the role that the U.S. Army eSports team can play with Gen Z to connect them with America? Yeah, so, you know, I talked to my, this is a good one, I talked to my daughters about that. And they said, well, dad, you gotta have your own Army tiktok. And I said, well, I don't know if I, I mean, there's a lot of things involved with that. But where I would ask each and every one of you how we can have access to this generation or talk with their parents, the influencers. So I've been to events, both Junior ROTC and ROTC, where they may be focused on the student on some things, but where I was able to penetrate was able when I spoke with all of their parents. And so that's what I think is important. My youngest daughter, not my youngest, my second, last from youngest, she was interested in JROTC, but she heard some rumors and bad things.  And let me explain to you about Junior ROTC and why it's a citizenship program, focused on civics, teamwork, and everything. And I think it's going to help you begin to shape your way forward as you make adult decisions. And I think when you look at the stats, it's very clear, Junior ROTC, they graduated higher GPA, higher graduation rate, and they go on to do great things for our nation. So that is why I think, to answer your question, you have to be able to connect with their influencers or if you want to connect with the students, you actually need to have younger, like young soldiers with you to talk with them. Sir, you're talking about one of my favorite subjects, Junior ROTC. So if this is such a good program, understanding that only 20% go in the military, I got that. But why don't you double, triple the number of JROTCs and then you'll have 60%? Well, sir, that's a great question, but as you know, this is a JROTC's cost money. And that's a decision by our Army, senior leaders where those investments takes place. I mean, we all know that. So just to give you an idea, it's about 1700 JROTC in the United States, but when they stood up in 1916, they were mostly in the Southeast and they really only expanded from there. So Florida all the way to Texas, all the way up through Virginia, that's where 70% of the nation's JROTC is. So there's more JROTCs in three cities in Georgia than there are in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan combined. So that just gives you an idea about the placement, so you're right. There are places, I grew up in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, one JROTC, 900,000 people. So that gives you an idea. So we have to look at the distribution, but again, this is a decision for Army, senior leaders as to how we, you know, marketing, whether it's JROTCs, these are all tough decisions. They're out there waiting to go. I know there's 250 on the order of merit list, waiting to take home programs. Yes, sir. 250,000 a year, that's how many tank grounds. I mean, it's a trade-off. Yes, sir. I mean, it's a very good question, so yes. General. Oh, in terms of what we're, so this is, with my U.S. Army Connect Command hat on, we saw the gap and recommended two Army senior leaders with a 50 school increase for five years. So 250 schools over five years, which will reach 300,000 high schoolers across the nation. General Bruce Dillaport. Yes, sir. Former deputy for recruiting for Army National Guard and current DAC. Not to turn this into a junior ROTC briefing, but I did want to highlight a positive aspect that you were involved in, I guess in April with the rollout of the cyber program for junior ROTC. Yes, cyber pilot. And it kind of talks to some of the skill sets that we're looking for and how do we change the mentality of how junior ROTC is seen by students and how do we get left of educating the public and students. Yeah, so junior ROTC is not the 1960s program, so junior ROTC today, we have artificial intelligence, we just started a cyber pilot. The investments that we're putting in junior ROTC is preparing these men and women to exit school, maybe go on to college, but wherever they do, they're gonna have the skill sets, robotics, you name it, all of the key areas that we're focusing on as a nation, that's what we're introducing at JROTC and they're crushing it. So they're doing very well. That's a great question. All right, well, first of all, I just want to take the time and thank each and every one of you personally. Oh, we got one more. Good afternoon, sir. Hey. First of all, there's two of us here. So my question is, with less Americans going to college and with the student loan relief that's going into effect, what other type of levers is the army pulling to recruit those Americans? Yeah, yeah, yeah. So that's a great question. And I'm working through this with the staff right now, but the type of levers that we're looking at get after what you just talked about exactly without going into details, of course the transformational piece of the future soldier prep course, let me throw something else at you. One of the things is I want to focus also on the college grad market, okay? And that fight for talent based off what we're working on right now is not to go in there and compete, but to win. So this will be transformational. So we're working on that right now. We're working on some soldier referral programs, but without going into all the details, again, I just been in command five days and my boss is right there saying, hey, hey, hey, hey. What I don't want to do is get ahead because what we're working on right now is transformational and it will change the way we get after the future of talent. And in this war for talent, I meant it to win it. I don't compete and an army should never compete. The army should always lead the nation in terms of how we invest in our talent because these men and women are so talented, they're wonderful, they're wonderful. Wherever I go, they're so wonderful. Their hearts are in the right place and they want to succeed and we just got to give them all the tools they'll need. All right, hey, for everyone, I'm probably, this is good, I'll give you a little bit more time back, about eight minutes, but bottom line, I just want to personally thank each and every one of you for being here. I was thinking about what I was going to share, but I just said, hey, speak from the heart. Tell them what I think my role and responsibility is in recruiting command, but I just want to share with each and every one of you, I'm all in, okay? And I want, you should know that I'm going to fight for all of these men and women and get everything they need when they're out there and I ask you to educate these wonderful men and women our future about the powers of national service and service to the service of the United States Army. So I will stop right there. God bless you. Have a wonderful rest of the week at AUSA. It's over Thorne. I was at your changing command. Oh yes, sir. I'm not an important ox and all that kind of thing. I didn't want to raise this question publicly, but...


This is the same paper that generated many other short works, so essentially you have a system like this, you have a double integrator and you have this guy here, you see there is something that makes the system asymptotically stable if these were not there, right? But then there is this extra nonlinearity that you don't know what to do with it. So somehow you want to, the effect of this nonlinearity you want to cancel it with the, by designing a control input in the linear dynamics down there, right? So what you want to do is first design, well I will skip this. What you want to do is to design U to stabilize psi, but not only you want to stabilize psi, but also you want to add an extra feedback to take care of these terms here, okay? So according to the theorem I showed you, what you do is the following. First, if this is just a double integrator, you first use a feedback to put the pulse of the, of your linear system in the right place. So let's say we choose these control gains to make the system down here asymptotically stable and you add an extra input, as I said, to take care of these guys here, okay? So this is the matrix that we saw before, this, so here A is just zero, what is it, zero, one, zero, zero, right? And this guy here is A minus BK, yeah? Which I made it always. Then there is the extra input. And my Lyapunov function that I'm going to use to, to figure out this input is going to be V, which is Lyapunov function for the system x dot equals F zero, which in this case is just x dot equals minus x cube. So V equal x square will do, right? Because with that you get V dot less or equal than, well actually equals to minus x cube, if I consider V dot just to be partial of V times F zero. And what else? And then I have this guy here that will generate this one. And then I can figure out what I have to put in this input to take care of the, of the external linearities that are sitting there in my system, right? And yeah, so I just do that computation. I take the derivative, this is minus cube, and this is C, and what else? Here I have xi, here I have xi, and V I can choose it. So I will just choose it to match exactly that, yeah, with a negative sign. And we'll take care of those non-linearities. I will add a minus y here to add extra dissipation if I want. And then what will I obtain? I will obtain this. If I want to continue, maybe there is something that after this system there is, I will go and interconnect it with something else. So let's just say for the purpose of continuing, think about passivity, interconnections, and so on. Let's just invent a new input that I'm going to put in my system. So I close the loop and I add a new input. As you can see, I have passivity from this new input to the, to the output y because I have all these negative terms here. So I have actually strict passivity with respect to the state, yeah. I have this negative term in xi and I have this negative term in, in x. So that gives me strict passivity with respect to the state. And by adding these minus y here, I have a y square in the, in the, in this inequality which gives me also, so this is, this is integral of y square. It gives me also output strict passivity. So you see with this, this controller I enforced really the, the passivity of the, of the system. So this is, this is the picture I have. I have this, this system that I'm interconnecting with this one here. This system has an output, as output this, so this is an output that I define. And I use that output to, to make the passive interconnection. So I'm going to use that output to inject it into this block. And I'm going to define the, this input v exactly as being that output. That's, that's exactly what I just did, right. I said my, my new input v is defined by this guy here. Okay. So that's, that's this. Then I take the output y and then it goes back into, into here. So as you see, yeah, it's, it's for a particular class of systems, but yeah, often with, with mechanical systems and such, you can, you can do that.   And so you end up with, with this equation x dot equals f zero, right. So that's the case in which you know the parameters, and then you don't know the parameters.  Well, you can just take care of them with, with, with this feedback passivation. Yeah, that's, so this cascade story is that I skipped it because we don't have time, but Kokota, which was, was, I mean, this triggered all the study about cascaded systems. And as you can see also, the, this feedback passivation is exactly at the basis of feedback, of a back stepping, right. So I mean, this paper really is, is at the basis of a lot of things. So the, the, the cascade thing is that you could, you could imagine that if, if you have this system that is linear, that this perturbing your, your nonlinear system, an intuition would say, okay, I will, I will just stabilize this guy. And once this is not there, I have a nonlinear system that is stable. So everything should be okay. So they, they remarked that no, it's, it's not like that in nonlinear system. Because if, if you like say, I'm going to stabilize it like real fast. Well, real fast for this system may also mean that, that you have a peaking in the, so in the transient, you have a huge peak. And then, yeah, you stabilize it in like in one second, the size already very small. But this, this peak goes to certain levels. And if you inject more and more damping to, to stabilize it faster and faster, what you will end up with is that your system essentially will, will, will explode. The solution to the, to the system up here is given by this equation. There shouldn't be x1, that's just x. So this is the solution to the system. And as you can see here, you have bunch of terms with a minus one there. So at certain moment, all that cancels out, you are dividing by zero and the solution explodes. So they were just remarking that, yeah, for this kind of systems, it's in cascade because this guy is completely the couple, there is no dependence on x. If you just stabilize it with a, with a, with certain feedback, you make, not only you will not be achieving stabilization also of x, but you will actually, actually make it explode in finite time. So that's not what you should do. So you, so yeah, so they figured out, okay, so if these, if the, if the extra non-linearities that are sitting there have certain structure, I can figure out how to inject something, some extra input here in order to take care of those, of those. But, but yeah, there is, there are these structural properties, right? So you have to define certain output from your non-linear system. And then you have to have the xi here appears in the non-linearities in your system, but it doesn't appear just in any arbitrary manner. It appears like this, remember?  So, and in this case, well that, that output is, is this. So, but then again, it's, it's really about choosing the right output in, in your system to define this passivity property from, from the right output. And if you have these structural properties, you will be able to, to, to do things. Okay, I'll try to do this last part of the, of the lecture on a specific kind of passivity-based control that is called energy-shaming plus dumping injection, you have probably heard of this. Yeah, so this, this method was originally proposed by paper in 81, really long ago. That was also very revolutionary paper because, so 80s is, is, is, you know, I mean, it's really a long time ago. Basically only Japanese had robots in factories and such. So, in, back in, in those days, not, notably in, in chain production of cars, right. So, basically in those times, there was very little known about non-linear systems. So, they figured out how to control robots, robot manipulators, non-linear systems using this method that they called energy shaping. I mean, it consists in, I was saying in the beginning, when you have a passive system, you have this energy balance equation. So, what they figured out is, if I want to bring my pendulum to, to a desired position, all I have to do is manipulate the potential energy to bring the minimum of the, of the potential energy to that position. And if my control, if through my control, I am able to do that, I will be able to stabilize any equilibrium at that position. If on top I am dumping, then I will also be able to stabilize it asymptotically, right, using, again, the passivity notions. So, just to illustrate this, this method, yeah, so you can also read about it in our, in our book with Roméo Ortega in 98. But, yeah, you know that this, this method, it goes back to this, to this guys. So, if I illustrate this method with the, with the pendulum, what the situation we have is the following. This is the potential energy, the total energy of the pendulum, right. So, kinetic energy and potential energy. And potential energy looks like this, right. So, 1 minus mg l cosine. So, it's that curve. As you can see, this energy has a bunch of minima. So, the pendulum, we are thinking that q is in r, okay. Don't, don't think minus p, minus to, minus pi, pi, but r. So, if we think of q in all variables in r, then it has a bunch of minima at n, 2, 2 pi n, right. Well, if you want to stabilize your pendulum at a specific point, you don't want all these minima. You want to, first, to have only one minimum, which is your equilibrium. And you want it to be global. So, meaning that your, your potential energy should look more like a parabola or something. So, what you want to do is to manipulate this, this potential energy. And you want to do that because, well, conserving the passivity properties and such. So, the first thing to remark is that the pendulum from, from the inputs u to the velocities. So, as we already saw, torques to velocities is a passive map, right. So, if you take this function, the derivative will give you just the product of u times q dot if there is no friction. So, it's a passive map, right. In other notation it satisfies this. So, in order to change the potential energy, the first thing you do is maybe add a line to the, to the, to the expression of the potential energy and also an offset, okay. So, first you want to, to put the minimum of your potential energy, you want to put it at 2 star somewhere. And if you add a line, then your potential energy now you will look like this. So, that's, that would be 1 minus mgl plus an offset plus, plus this, plus this line, right. So, it will look like that. I still have several minima, right. But my system is still passive. All I did was just basically add this, this offset and this, this line here. And now my system will still be passive from a new input that I'm going to call u fb for u feedback. So, there is a feed forward and there is a feedback. So, the feed forward is just shifting the, the, the minimum of the potential energy to, to the gravitational vector to evaluate that q star, okay. Yeah. So, that this system is passive. You can see it easily by just taking the derivative of the newly opponent function, the new storage function, the kinetic energy plus the potential energy of the pendulum plus the modifications I added. So, of course, this function is zero at q equal to q equal to q star, right. So, these guys, two guys will, will cancel out if q is equal to q star. q tilde I'm defining as the difference. I guess it was, yeah, it was somewhere in the other slides. q, q tilde is, is the difference between q, oh, it's here. So, this will also go away. And so, it has, it has a singular point that q tilde equal to zero. And actually that singular point is, it's here. So, it's, if I take the derivative of that, yeah, as you can see, this guy goes away with this because it's multiplied there. This is one. This goes away with that and we only have left this, this vector. So, all I did so far is manipulate the potential energy, right.  I said, I wanted it to be a minimum that is global, meaning that it is, this point is smaller than any other point of the, of the function in the image of the function. And also it has to be the only one, okay. Global and unique is not the same thing. I could have a function that does, I don't know, it goes like this and then flat and then like that. So, all these are global minima, right. So, what I want is something more like what I have in this picture. And the way I to achieve that is to add to what I already put in my function, I am going to add a parabola. So, if you add a parabola to that, basically now the thing that was going like that, now it will look like this, this blue curve there. And, but this blue curve for a certain value of k p will look like this. And you can see there is another minimum there, okay. So, there is one minimum there and there is one minimum there. So, this minimum is global, but there is, it's not the only minimum in my function, there is also this one. So, eventually my system could go and get stuck there. So, I don't want that. So, I increase my k p to make my function rather look like this, okay. So, now I'm sure that I have a unique minimum. Once I have done that, modification to my potential energy, I do that through the controller. So, the controller essentially will carry all these extra terms that I need to modify the potential energy. And, all that will cancel away. So, we'll have this guy cancel with, well, it comes from this. So, it cancels with this. This one comes from the controller. So, it will cancel out with this one, okay. So, it's multiplied by q dot here. And, this one comes from the parabola that I added to my potential energy. That means that in my controller I should put, I should put this gain here. And, it's a very simple controller for a non-linear system, right. It's just a proportional feedback plus constant essentially to uncancellation of the non-linear well, plus this compensation of the gravity at the equilibrium. We're doing that. We're doing this reshaping of the potential energy. What I'm doing is that I'm rendering passive. So, in the beginning I had a passive system. I think this offset only modified the minimum with the potential energy, but the system is still passive. And, then I added this feedback here. So, it's this proportional term. It's a feedback of q dot if I pass it through an integral. So, an integrator is a passive system, right. It's the simplest passive system we can think about. So, x dot equals q, or let me write actually y dot equals u, v equals y square. That means that v dot is equal to y times q. Passive system. An integrator is a passive system. So, I have a passive system interconnected with a passive system. In closed loop I will have a passive system, which is expressed down there. And, to make the new minimum, to make it global, what I need is to, as illustrated in this figure, I need kp. So, this is for a certain value of kp rather small, and the red one is for an increased value of kp. So, actually the condition comes to kp should be larger than the partial derivative of the gravity forces vector. And, that will ensure me actually that the second derivative of v is positive, and that will ensure me that my function is strictly convex in q theta. This is only sufficient. It's not necessary. It doesn't have to be a parabola. It could be also functioned at this parabola only locally, but then it grows linearly. And then this position will not hold, but for the purpose of energy shaping and all that, that still works. And then, yeah, so far what I have accomplished is I started with a passive system, modified the minimum. Applying this gain, I made sure that the minimum is global and unique. I still have a passive system there from every time I add a new input towards the same output q dot. And remember that theorem of Bernsie-Sidori-Willems, he was saying that if I have a passive system and I have that detectability assumption satisfied, all I have to do is to interconnect an extra feedback here, which is basically a function of the output with respect to which my system is passive. And this function here should be basically a nonlinearity living in the first third quadrant. So, if I inject that, I will inject dissipativity in my system, and I will make the whole thing output strictly passive. So, this block will be input strictly passive, but the whole block here will be output strictly passive. And yeah, so the proof of this proposition that we now have with this controller, global asymptotic stability can be done using this theorem that I show you, or Barbashin-Krasovsky, which probably you know wrongly as LaSalle's theorem, but it was actually originally proposed by some Russian guys several years before LaSalle. And the controller is right here. So, what I just explained is the following. First, I added this to change the minimum of the potential energy. Then we added this to make it global for sufficiently large Kp, and then this guy to add damping. So, we call this damping injection and these two terms we call them energy-shaking terms. And the proof is very simple. You just take as the upper function the modified energy of the system. In this case, we only modify the potential energy. The derivative of all that is going to be, it's going to be this, right? So, you can see in UDI, you just want to inject damping so that you get you get a quadratic term. I hope it is there somewhere. Yeah, here. You get a quadratic term in the output. Yeah, so this is the proof using Bern Cicidori-Williams. It says that all I have to do is inject this guy that will give me v dot with this. It will give me minus Kdq dot square. And then I will have to check whether q dot implies that q goes to 0. In this case, actually, if I write q dot equal to 0, that will go away and I have this equal to 0. And the only solution of this equation is q equal to q star. And it is the only solution once again due to the condition the time imposing on kp. So, it has to do with making the only minimum to be k star. You can do the same proof using LaSalle again so that you can write the system or Barbashin Krasovsky. You write the system in this form, go here, set x2 equal to 0 and see that the only solution that contained in this set is the origin. And the nice thing about this is that you have output of strict passivity. So, if you add another input here, you will have instead of in place of this, you will have the same input multiplied by q dot. So, you could continue carrying on with more things. Let me just quickly show you what happens when you want to stabilize the system again here. But remember, in the controller, we were adding this term. This is the compensation of the gravity at q star. So, this is constant. This is just a constant. Suppose you don't know that constant. So, you want to estimate this constant. You put an estimate of the constant and then you want to figure out how do I update this constant? So, it's typically what you do in adaptive control that you haven't seen that yet, but in this case it's just integral action. And it comes back to the method of Kokotovich. What we want to do is to first apply the control that we already know that works when we know the constant. And what we do next is we add and subtract that constant because we actually cannot put it there. So, we are actually going to apply this controller. So, we are going to use an estimate of that constant and we add and subtract the real thing. But this is the control we're applying. This controller can be written like this. So, the one that we already know how that it works, it gives impassivity, etc. Plus, the difference between what I'm putting in and the real thing that I don't know. So, that again is just, well, this is constant and this is g hat. So, I'm going to call that xi. So, yeah, all this to say that the class of systems that fit in this paper of Kokotovich is not that restrictive actually. For instance, here we have exactly that system. Here we have this. This is the pendulum equation. In closed loop, you can see here the kpq tilde term. This is the kdq term, q dot term. And this is the gravity. This is the gravity. This is just g of q. And this is the compensation, the ideal compensation that I don't have. And when I apply the control with the estimate of the compensation, I will have these equations. So, I have xi times nonlinearity, which in this case is just this constant vector. And here we have this f0, remember, that has to be gas. But I know that it is gas because I know how to do things when I know the gravity compensation. So, I say, well, how do I estimate g? Well, figuring out what to put in g dot comes to figuring out what I put in xi. So, I basically just go ahead and write this equation, which is an extra integrated. And these guys would tell me, well, just put that. Well, I can't really because because, because what? Because that would involve using xi in the feedback. If I wanted to put this term in this equation, it would involve using what I don't know. So, I will just not put that. I will go ahead and test my chances with just the other part that takes care of the effect of this extra term that I have in my equation and see what happens. So, we didn't see that here, but there is a simple way to figure out a Lyapunov function for this guy. And using that Lyapunov function, you can establish passivity now, not only with respect to the velocities, but actually to this output, which is essentially a small constant times positions plus velocities. So, it's just another passive map. And when you apply that, you end up with this controller. So, the controller, you already knew how to, how to, that uses gravity compensation. But instead of gravity compensation, you use an estimate of it. And in place of the estimate, you put this guy, which comes really from the method of Kokotovich, which tells you, well, take the output of your system. If that output is multiplying this external linearity that you want to get rid of, well, just put that into your new feedback. And that will take care of this extra thing that you have in there. So, you can see that by taking the derivative of this Lyapunov function with one half of xi square, you will see that you get this guy and this guy that comes from your equation here. Right? So, this and this go away and then you get your system. And yeah, it all comes just to integral action. So, this is what we had when we know the gravity term. If we don't know the gravity term, this passivity-based controller is saying, well, just take this output because the system is passive also with respect to this output, not just with respect to q dot. Take that output, pass it through an integrator and then you will still be fine. And it all boils down to PID control. So, PID control for robot manipulators is another passivity-based controller. These are some references in case you want to know more about all this. Okay? Thank you.


Assalamu alaikum, hello and welcome dear viewers. The sermon of Lady Zaynab rebuking the tyrant Yazid. Once the captives from the survivors of al-Muhammad were taken to Sham, particularly after being imprisoned in the court of Yazid, the family were submitted to numerous attempts at humiliating them and deliberately undermining their authority and playing down the massacre of Karbala. In the court of Yazid, he himself recited the blasphemous poetic verses of Abdullah bin Zabari Sami which he had composed while he was an unbeliever and also added some poetic verses of his own and said openly that he wanted to take revenge upon the descendants of Muhammad because Muhammad and his companions had killed his pagan polytheists and criminal ancestors. Zaynab, peace be upon her, stood up and began speaking.  She began stating, O Yazid, Allah and his prophet have said that committing sins and considering the signs of Allah to be false is ridiculing them. Deny the sign of Allah today and hold them in derision and have become happy and recite poetic verses on account of the martyrdom of the children of the holy prophet just as the polytheist of Mecca became happy and sang songs because of the martyrdom of some Muslims in the battle of Ahad. And talk about taking revenge upon the holy prophet. This is how you become like them and how you have reached the stage. You have committed too many sins. Whoever treads the path of sin and persists in committing sins will, according to the verdict of the Holy Quran, deny the signs of Allah one day and eventually will ridicule them and then deserve divine punishment. She added, O Yazid, do you think that we have become humble and despicable owing to the martyrdom of our people and our own captivity as you have blocked all the path for us? And we have been made captives and are being taken from one place to another. Do you think that Allah has taken away his blessings from us? Do you think that by killing the godly persons you have become great and respectable and the Almighty looks at you with special grace and kindness? For this reason, and on account of this incorrect thinking, you have become elated and arrogant. You have become boastful because you have seen the matters have taken a turn in your favour.  We only give them time to let them increase their sins. For them there will be a humiliating torment, Surat Al-Humran. Then Lady Zaynab reminded Yazid that on the day of the conquest of Mecca, which took place in HAH, the holy prophet did favour to all the men and women of Mecca and set them free. Yazid himself was a descendant of those who freed persons, of those freed persons. His father Muawiyah, his grandfather Abu Sufyan and Muawiyah's mother were among those who were set free at the time of the conquest of Mecca. On that day the holy prophet very magnanimously set all of them free, irrespective of what they had done in the past and said, Go, for all of you are free. The second part of her speech, the daughter of Imam Ali, made the conquest of Mecca her topic and said, O son of the freed ones, is it the justice that you keep your women and slave girls in seclusion, but have made the helpless daughters of the holy prophet ride on swift camels and giving them in the hands of their enemies so that they may take them from one city to another? Then she said, Why shouldn't Yazid be spiteful against us? It is he who looks at us with hostility. You say with perfect intrepidity and without imagining that you are committing a sin. I wish that my ancestors who were killed in Badr had been present here today.  Why shouldn't you be like this? Although you have done what you wanted to do and have pulled out the roots of pity and virtue, you have shed the blood of the sons of the holy prophet and have hidden the brilliant stars on the earth from amongst the descendants of Abd al-Muttalib under the clouds of oppression and injustice. However, you shall go before Allah soon. You shall meet your ancestors and shall also be taken to their place.  She then prayed to Allah and said, Oh Lord, procure our right and take revenge upon those who have oppressed us.   It will be the day when Allah will deliver the descendants of the holy prophet from the state of being scattered and will bring all of them together in paradise. This is the promise which Allah has made in the Holy Quran. As he says, Do not think of those who are slain for the cause of Allah as dead. They are alive with their Lord and receive sustenance from him. Surah Al-Amran Oh Yazid, on the day when Allah will be the judge and Muhammad will be the petitioner and your limps will be evidence, will give evidence against you. Your father, who made you the ruler of the Muslims, will receive his punishment. On that day it will become known what reward the oppressors earn, whose position is worse and whose party is more humble.  But what am I to do? Our eyes are shedding tears. Our hearts are burning and our martyrs cannot come to life by our reprimanding and reproaching you. My Hussain, peace be upon him, has been killed and the partisans of Satan are taking us to the fools so that they may get the reward for insulting Allah. Our blood is dripping from their hands and our flesh is falling down from their mouths. The sacred bodies of the martyrs have been placed at the disposal of the wolves and other carnivorous animals as the jungle. If you have gained something today by shedding blood, you will certainly be a loser on the day of judgment. On that day nothing but your deeds will count.  On that day you and your followers will quarrel with one another by the side of the divine scale of justice. On that day you will see that the best provision which your father made for you was that he enabled you to kill the children of the Prophet of Allah. I swear by Allah that I do not fear anyone except him and do not complain to anyone else. You may employ your deceit and cunning efforts, but I swear by Allah that the shame and disgrace which you have earned by the treatment meted out to us cannot be eradicated. She ended her speech with offering thanks to Allah. She said, I thank Allah who has concluded the task of the chiefs of the youth of Paradise with prosperity and forgiveness and accommodated them in Paradise. I pray to Allah that he may elevate the ranks and favor them more with his kindness for Allah is omnipotent.


Alright, here we is, James Steele the second, not too confused with the first, maybe the third coming along another time. Here we are in the 21 convention Europe stage, I'm really excited, we're in London. James, what did you contribute to this year's? What did I contribute? Well, I just got off the stage doing a talk on objectivism, and I ran philosophies and presented that framework and tomorrow I'm also going to be doing a talk on my specialist area of research in my PhD studies, which is lower back pain and exercise physiology in that area. Excellent, we'll have to talk to you after that. We've only just started, we're on day one here, but what do you like the most about the 21 convention? What do I like the most about it? I've written a blog post on this, and it's the kind of vision it has. I like the fact that it's a group of guys getting together and finding out how to succeed in their lives, whatever the pursuit, whatever the goals they have, trying to find valid information, finding out truths, finding out facts and finding out how to apply that and invent themselves. Would you say that you endorse the 21 convention? Absolutely. Alright, cool man. Well, we're on the stage here and see you guys next time.


We recently covered the perplexing, yet little shared ancient artifact which can be found at the ancient site of Batara. We cover the fact that some of the inventions accredited to the Romans within the modern day, may have been borrowed concepts with origins located far within our distant past. As with the supposed ancient Egyptian sites on the Giza Plateau, many ancient ruins contain megalithic blocks, whose movement into position not only evades modern explanation, but lacks any detailed recording of the mammoth task by any of these so-called culprits for constructions. Rather, it seems a worldwide conspiracy has occurred. It is well known that history is written by the victor. Maybe this is a fitting explanation for the academic ignorance witnessed on a daily basis. Perhaps it's laziness on the part of academics put with the task of explaining these sites? Or perhaps as we have detailed on many, many occasions, a covert effort to occult the truth from modern society. Our claim is not made lightly, but upon the witnessing of talented individuals having their careers and future opportunities crushed at the hands of those who fund, and therefore steer academic study in the directions of their pleasure. The stolen artifacts which tell of this story, the vast documented efforts of the many organizations around the world, tasked or rather funded to gather, pillage or steal all such items, merely to paint a picture they are told to. But the truth remains, human history is far more interesting than you have been led to believe. But be warned, paradigm destruction can often be distressing, and the popularly regurgitated marketed phrase, Roman columns, after being presented with the following evidence, may begin to feel more like programming than historically truth. The Baalbek Trilathon, a group of three horizontally lying stones which form part of the podium of the Roman Jupiter Temple of Baalbek Lebanon. Numerous archaeological expeditions have gone to the site, starting in the 19th century, primarily German and French groups, and research continued into the 20th century. Each of these stones is 70 feet long, 14 feet high, and 10 feet thick, weighing around 800 tons each. And conveniently, each of these modern academic studies concluded the same thing, completely absent of any explanation as to their placement. The entire foundation of this ancient structure is unexplainable, with a number of stones weighing over 350 tons, thus indicative of lost knowledge, not modern architecture. It should seem obvious that to declare otherwise would be foolish, yet this is what's witnessed all over the earth every day. And we are yet to mention the world famous, yet equally perplexing stone of the pregnant woman, also at Baalbek, and weighing in at an astonishing 1,000 tons. In 27 BC, the Roman Emperor Augustus supposedly took the unfathomable decision to build in the middle of nowhere, the grandest and mightiest temple of antiquity, having no obvious reasons for selecting Baalbek as the temple's building site. The much greater erosion of the big Baalbek blocks qualifies as material proof of their much greater age. It seems that as we suspected, the evidence is mounting to support the far more logical claim that an advanced lost civilization's heritage has been stolen by different, more modern civilization all over the world. A great civilization did once flourish here on earth, one which has been actively suppressed, stolen from, exploited, and hidden for far too long. Thanks for watching guys, and until next time, take care. There are many astonishing ancient ruins which can be found throughout India. Some temples or caverns often carved into giant boulders or directly out of the bedrock of earth itself. Many of these ruins drenched in exquisite artwork, carvings created with such vision and accuracy that they boggle the minds of all who attempt to explain the methodology of their creator. We have covered a number of sites within India in the past, many of them so precise in their finish that they could have seemingly only been created using precision stone-cutting technology, and our next site of interest is of no exception. Located in the northern part of the state of Karnataka in South India, the village of Hampi has some extremely captivating ruins. Dotted with large boulders, the site is also home to some extremely puzzling relics. One of which is the ancient chariot, clearly a depiction of a once astonishing creation. The cart itself was not only clearly massive, but was pulled with elephants rather than horses. Clearly indicative of a highly capable group, this incredible chariot is one amongst an array of marvelously preserved architectural artifacts, most of which display a level of refinement created with such precision that modern man could only replicate such feats using machines. Using modern academia claims has only ever been utilized by our own modern civilization. Thus, an explanation as to how the site, or indeed its smorgasbord of ancient precision-made stoneworks were made eludes us to this day. And we hypothesize that the reason for this is due to mainstream historians' reluctance to consider what these ruins clearly indicate, that they were once the work of a civilization that was not only highly advanced, but utilized stone cutting technologies, methods of transportation, lifting and placement, that rival even that of today's architectural capabilities. How can one peer upon such sites as that of Hampi, or indeed others, Pumapanku, Giza, Petra, etc. Sites created with such accuracy, that to suggest they were created with soft metal tools or with the use of primitive measuring equipment is simply absurd. Furthermore, none of these ruins would be possible simply with the use of the human eye. The only logical explanation is that just like that of modern-day stonework, the stones were indeed machined, cut to such a high quality using precision tools, only then were they placed where they lay today. Hampi was predictably re-inhabited by ancestors based within permitted timelines, once being the capital of a previous Indian empire. What's intriguing about the site, however, is the mysterious, seemingly untouched boulders which dot its grounds. The question is, although they now appear to be geological, were they in fact once relics themselves, left by an even earlier civilization? If not, then why were these stones left where they are found today? Why were they built around rather than utilized, carved, or shifted? They were clearly ones of significance, and due to the fact ancient sanctuaries and fortresses are often re-inhabited, the possibility that they were indeed once carvings would logically make sense. The questions would be, just how old is this civilization? Who built the ancient site of Hampi? How did they build it? Were ancient high technologies utilized in its creation? If not, then how was it constructed? It is a place which we find highly compelling. Continuing on from our previous video where Don discusses the amazing and incredibly intricate artistic wonder that is the Kailash Temple, we felt it a good time to cover another incredible ancient wonder, and indeed set of rock-cut temples known as Madan Salay. Simply a little-shared enigmatic site, it is located within modern-day Saudi Arabia. Purportedly dating from the Nabhatian Kingdom, 1st century A.D., it is the southernmost settlement after the better known, yet no less impressive Petra, made famous by the Indiana Jones epics. In 2008, UNESCO proclaimed Madan Salay a site of patrimony, becoming Saudi Arabia's first World Heritage Site. 131 rock-cut monumental structures said to have been built as tombs. However, as they were cut with such precision, their existence is clearly a mysterious one. Very little is known regarding the ancient builders of these sites. The little we do know was left on several mysterious and invaluable plaques, which adorn a select view of these rock-cut structures. Although the insides of the tombs appear to have been rather crudely finished, the outer exteriors are clearly phenomenally refined. For a civilization even a mere 2,000 years ago to have managed to create such precise structures remains a tough thing for mainstream archaeology to explain. Just like the many other sites, Pumapunka, Giza, etc., etc., they display a far superior level of ability, to that of which we are led to believe. But as always, mystery history presumes it is not the historic record which is incorrect. But rather the antiquity of these structures which is actually being hidden, their true age concealed and attributed to a post-catechlysmic civilization, rather than their true creator. The Nabatians, the academically claimed builders, were quite advanced for their chronological position within history regardless, supposedly having a strongly democratic society, sharing wealth and land equally amongst the tribe. They also displayed an incredibly complex understanding of hydraulic systems. The name Mada and Saleh, or the city of Saleh, is also interestingly associated with a very ancient prophet, which is also connected to an ancient tribe known as the tribe of Tamad. Saleh is also the equivalent to a very ancient figure mentioned within the Hebrew Bible. The tribe of Tamad said to be the descendants of the biblical Noah, however the Tamad were also said to have become very corrupt, materialistic and stopped believing in God. According to the accounts, this is when God sent prophet Saleh to warn them that if they would continue in that way, they would be destroyed, a prophecy which eventually came true. To this day, the remains of the ancient sites are considered by some to be cursed. What do you think regarding the rock-cut tombs of Mada and Saleh? Remnants left by a culture some 2,000 years ago with the use of copper and stone tools? Or structures left by a far more advanced, far more capable ancient people whose entire existence is attributed to others subsequently concealing it here upon our planet? Thanks for watching guys and until next time, take care. We have in the past explored the incredible discovery of the mythological animal sculptures of Persepolis, now known as the Lamosu. We detailed the difficulty involved in transporting just a single example of one to London, a mere century ago. Yet, it would seem a similar situation seemingly also occurred at the ancient site of Amethus, one in which the French quietly endured and restrictively documented. At east of Agio Tyconus, next to Limassol, in southern Cyprus, strategically commanding a stunning view of the surrounding Mediterranean landscape. The main acropolis of Amethus, sitting just out of reach of the tourist tract, atop the hill above. This location served also as an additional natural fortification for the site and its ancient observatory. Impressive discoveries have been made at the ruin, including ancient basins, vases, and various other utensils used by past inhabitants of varying eras. Atop the hill were two giant vases decorating the entrance to the main temple, one once dedicated to the God of Love Aphrodite, each of which being 1.85 meters tall and weighing an immense 14 tons each. One of which being stolen by the French, specifically architect Edmund de Thoit, during the Ottoman occupation of Cyprus, supposedly given permission to take it away to his country. It now rests in the Louvre Museum in Paris. His documentation of this ordeal, we feel, is a revealing insight into the clear prohibition from exposing the astonishing capabilities of ancient civilizational capability. He reservedly wrote of the ordeal of getting it back to Paris in his diary. Quote, Our last day was dedicated to Amethus, the only sanctuary of Aphrodite that we visited. There we found two huge stone vases, 3.4 meters in diameter. I could not figure out the amount that was buried in the ground, and only a measure of the artifact which was sticking out. I thought if I managed to get it out of there and to convey it into the sea, it will be my biggest achievement. I will begin to study the ways and mechanisms needed to achieve this, and to have it transferred. This will create a big impression in the Louvre, end quote. Who made these vases, or indeed the Acropolis itself? They were clearly astonishing vases. Having existed to this day and beyond, and along with their sheer weight, we undoubtedly find them highly compelling.


Africa's aviation industry is growing rapidly, but it faces the challenge of carbon emissions due to passenger flows on international routes. To address this issue, we calculated the carbon dioxide emissions for African international routes from 2019 to 2021 using two different methods. We also measured the carbon transfer and compensation between African countries and those outside Africa. The results showed that the most carbon transfer occurs between Ethiopia and Kenya and from Honduras to Ghana. Pora countries carry a disproportionate share of the burden of these transfers. This article was authored by Cheong Kui and Bin Chen.


Everybody forced here ripping dual-case MLB 2022 Bowman Chrome Baseball hobby and choice number eight It is a random team style break. You can always find the results of any of the randoms at latent sports cards.com at any time Thank you for joining everybody. Good luck on the break here. I do not play for tonight All right, let's start with the hobby case Jake is next to me I Used to like when it first came out what up Lane well UCF what are we doing right now, man? The Jake prospect card for what? For tonight Lane plays for tonight. I'm just getting laid doesn't play video games. I have no idea. I'd looked up and it's commercial Future shimmer Eddie's Leonard Dodgers 166 of 199 then yes for Rocket League Bobby Miller following insert Patrick Bailey Arizona falling atomic insert 133 of 150 Baseball dude, you might be thinking of Blake Jake, what are you signing dude first woman auto a's junior Perez? I don't know.  She's kind of crazy 107 150 Well Blake's not here. So I don't know if What what he would say I Don't even think he knows when he's signing yet 23 Colonel oh dang Lane is playing Lane is a gamer. What's up, Tony? speckle angels Denzer Guzman Number 128 of 299. I am not sure baseball. I would imagine there's ways around it somehow but it's probably in the Whatever agreements MLB PA makes you know Probably have to at least sign something Like every single big rookie signs up in the MLB. That's at least when you're a rookie Prospecting rookie now But I'm sure there's a way it probably just really not great for the player to do it I had to pay a ton of money or something It might be like how Red Sox shimmer Marcella Meyer Like I know like if you change numbers or whatever you have to buy all the merchants that they've made with the previous number That was when they let guys switch. I think but yeah, I think if you do switch your number Yellow for the angels Mike trout number in six of 75 Marlins first woman base auto Ian Lewis rookie refractor Padres CJ Abrams Nice parallel 330 of 499 for Draze Cleo Watson, let's go Knights It's everybody up to tonight watching college football.  I figured lately We've been playing the show and just like moved to Grom onto the Rangers roster Just create like a team name the late the Rangers. Yeah, and then Green shimmer first woman Cardinals want to be in show 49 of 99 Bobby witt All right, UCF got a place of defense at some point here purple refractor Air Yorda on Astros 2 13 of 250 green first woman auto twins Danny de Andrade 98 of 99 Invicta Joe Mack and touchdown Tulane. What what is going on right now? Come on? Oh my god Come on dude UCF bunch of slackers come on unacceptable conditions Brewers refractor headbert Perez number 96 of 499 blue ray wave Giants first woman auto Alexander Suarez 86 of 150 Won't be the first time UCF has let me down Do that every time I go there by not having to place the park because he in Georgia one Oh, they just did not want to tackle him orange shimmer first bowman Roderick Arias 14 of 25 great parallel Dang six six of the mic drop purple refractor first bowman Christian vocaro. It's like three packs apart 71 of 250 Get that one mag two great parallels here and purple auto Yankees Cooper bowman 140 of 250 Invicta John Kenzie Noel Joey Weimer fall league First woman refractor Dodgers Sammy Munoz. It's been a really good box 2 13 of 499 and first woman refractor auto Dodgers. You'll be to VVS 94 499 Viva Las Vegas Jake loves Elvis. Oh That sounds like I was right Oh It's pretty terrible it's pretty good.   I'm gonna send a box of this one Some of that's dust that'll come off some of it's like light scratching. There you go pirates I made it worse doing that doing that actual voice tracking. He's my voice heard more You can make it and Victor or Tega. I'll take a 10 year $400 million deal. Sure. What do I gotta do? Did he catch that? Did he catch that? I want to see I want to see this one. They're saying it's incomplete, but let me or here you go Look at this. Oh my god. I think it's I think they're right as a complete, but holy crap. He almost had that a Pink fuchsia vapor Eddie's Leonard Dodgers number is 127 of 199 Dodgers first woman auto Samuel Munoz He does that one off too. Oh, thanks. Six six is gonna start football Six is gonna start football cut basketball and bench baseball Exactly what he's gonna shimmer for the Padres Victor Acosta. I Would start baseball I'd cut football I'd start baseball bench basketball cut football. That's what I would do. I would start baseball Right though start baseball, we're right green refractor Matt Olson Braves number 63 of 99 Baseball is the one of those that I could the one of those three that I could not Yeah, there's I would find a way, you know first woman refractor Otto Samuels of Vala 400 of 499 Padres plus There you go Draze Well forget about Draze. I took a microfiber that one too Everyone's saying your answer now Jake Ricky refractor Brewers Aaron Ashby 201 of 499 That's game right there No, we lost turn over on downs and we're not very far downfield either. I'm pretty sure Bobby Whitt Jr. Bobby Whitt cut baseball First woman occupying vapor Matt McLean ice-hard Reds 39 of 125 You like that was good acting. That was that was that was a textbook gasp Royals first woman Otto Herard Gonzalez Jake's losing it over here, man. He's done. Oh, I mean, they're almost a field of range. I guess it's not technically over But you have to get us off like right All right, Jake, what about this one basketball? Basketball hockey or sock and soccer oh See your cutting soccer or do I do I not yeah, am I assuming? Yeah, it's tough. Okay. Now. Are you starting hockey or starting? Okay, unfortunately, I have to cut soccer shimmer Dodgers will Monday as um, I Think so. Yeah table. I think it has to at least a little bit But the MLS is growing as it is like it's getting the reputation is is growing basically worldwide a lot of players are Taken from MLS and putting other leagues now and especially young them like North American players end up in you know European leagues a lot more frequently now, so I Think it would just kind of help along that process green refractor Dodgers Jose Ramos 97 of 99 yeah, North American development and soccer has gotten a lot better. Oh boy. What's up, syndicte? Oh You guys got the combo reds first woman auto yelling confidant trout refractor To 15 to 499 I'm checking right now sin.  People the phoenix chandralic in a Cad Bane auto and oh my god book a Boba Fettbox. Holy cow, dude That's awesome. Wow. That's huge Congrats Wow So Victor is the luckiest person when it comes to Star Wars. Yeah, I've heard about it. It's not close Yellow orange vapor blaze Jordan Red Sox number to 75 of 75 Dude, that's nasty. It's a J rod first woman speckle auto twins Danny de Andrade 158 of 299 One in every how many cases is that? Like 50. Oh There it is. There's the dagger. I don't really want to watch Clemson UNC But I don't know what else is on the mind.  I don't hate a Christmas story. I watch it at least once a year Get the lighting. Oh, let's go. Okay. Live, right? Yeah. Okay, cool Toronto and oh a good one, too Ha ha says PP on the screen Victor Kosan Victor Jackson Job Tom fool are we talking about man Do why you say why you say they can't say that oh Yeah, big 10 shame Egypt. I guess we can watch we see watch Michigan and Purdue should be a good game very close Pink fuchsia vapor our old era angels 20 of 199 First woman refractor auto Drays yendry Rojas 428 of 499 purple shimmer de backs Jordan Lawler 241 of 250. Oh six are boiler maker and yeah They can see all our money is going they're gonna be there. It's gonna be on the field tonight Lonnie white junior Bowman ascensions pirates or does the government pay for yours? Since you were Since you were military Speckle White Sox Jose Rodriguez number 60 of 299. Oh, yeah, George is gonna win it all easily That's why I can't get in any of this stuff It's very anti dramatic first woman speckle auto Reds Graham Ashcraft 164 of 299 Is it Ashcroft There's a guy like that in some sort where it's like Crafts in part of his name and it's cropped. That's how you say it I Just hope Michigan wins it all somehow somehow they'll do it or somehow. I hope they do it.  I bet Made you we're so mid So the definition of it we are literally literally made word 500 you got purple refractor Pedro Pineda a's 193 of 250 green refractor Orioles first woman auto great color 96 of 99 Invicta nor have era vocaro base Jackson Job insert Cubs first woman refractor Nelson Velazquez 411 of 499 a Zach Thompson Arizona fall league insert auto for the Cardinals 17 of 100 get everybody the only break that has spots left for tonight would be Star Wars Chrome black random auto or pack style It is at eight to go just eight toll spots for the rest of the night everybody Space for personals to a mat will be live with personals 10 a.m. Eastern as well Personals all day tomorrow daytime refractor pirates kid Brian Hayes 180 out of 499 most few things you know about giant But I'll be surprised to see some other teams hop in here Once the market kind of develops itself And there's like numbers and rumors being thrown arounds. Yeah, Giants Dodger. Janky's gonna be in for sure blue refractor rookie Aaron Ashby brew crew 87 of 150 Yeah, I don't blame you table Speckle rangers Luis on Hello, Cunha number in 72 of 299 Danny the Andrade twins first bowman base auto fuchsia shimmer brewers headboard Perez 137 of 199 with base Hey, that was Sean Peyton for you yellow first bowman Giants Ryan Reckley 23 of 75 Yankees base auto Cooper bowman two more hobby boxes and we saw the choice case Who's winning the fantasy league Jake? The best Who else is up there first woman purple shimmer one been show Cardinals 151 of 250 Sam I think is eight and four Dude you gotta go to that magic you gotta go to the magic game Sam's a four Lane and Ken Kenzie are seven and five and a piece of seven and five leaving reading their vision. Gotcha conference of stack Purple refractor first bowman buck Harrow again nationals another purple parallel here 7202 50 I'm guessing I'm eliminated. I don't know. I don't really I said I kind of set the lineup And I don't ever look at anything else, honestly Reds speckle first bowman auto Leonardo Balcazar 13 of 299 You go Reds Still a whole case of product to go after these last two boxes and victim at Fraser We're not even halfway through this break yet Actually, not even close to halfway if you want to count just the just the autos not even close to halfway First bowman refractor a's junior Perez numbered 41 to 499 and redemption nor have era bowman chrome prospect auto for the White Sox shimmer first bowman Dodgers Samuel Munoz Aqua Mariners Nuel V Marte with a scratch on the card on the left side of it To 125 I'll send a boxrapper to the Mariners spot or last year, but last night that was not the case We had a few cases without kabooms. You had a few cases with like three kabooms Blue Jays first bowman auto Sebastian Espino, so I have no idea this year. We're supposed to be one a case I thought Ricky fuchsia Jose Miranda twins Numbered 46 of 299. I think burgall is low numbered color is live. I think I'm not a hundred percent on that Aqua ray wave Mets Max Scherzer Numbered 115 of 199 and first woman auto twins yasser Mercedes. There you go twins Choice case time Yeah, we hit gold kaboom Justin Herbert gold kaboom AJ Brown and a green kaboom of Joe Burrow last night Invicta auto Cardinals Joshua Baez for 99 Pull all these tonight base auto rays Willie Vasquez and true gold auto Mariners Charlie Welch 26 of 50 purple refractor auto Orioles Reed Trimble 47 of 250 base auto Phillies Gavin Tonkel and Marlins first woman base auto junior Sanchez Purple refractor auto Giants first woman Adrian Sugastay 78 of 250 first woman auto Royals Daniel that Vasquez and base first woman auto Blue Jays Jaden Rudd Purple again here A's first woman auto junior Perez one of 250 base first woman auto White Sox Tanya McDougal and first woman auto Phillies Logan Cerny Refractor first woman auto Astros Rylan Machandi 128 of 499. Oh, we should be on schedule Yep Reds Leonardo Balcazar first woman base auto The line on the side like a roller line. It's not a scratch like a scuff I'm still gonna send a box wrapper with that and base first woman auto Braves Dylan Dodd Speckle first woman auto Astros again here and Manuel Valdez 286 at a 299 Cardinals base first woman auto one been choke a little line on it and Pirates first woman base auto Jack Herman and halfway through choice Good luck on the last six boxes everybody Ray's speckle first woman auto astoundly Castillo 238 of 299 We're Ray wave Phillies first woman auto Gavin Tonkel 93 of 150. I don't know what HTA stands for and A base auto Mets JT Schwartz Does anyone know what HTA stands for? Big hit Guardians First moment speckle Jason choreo autograph 152 of 299 Congrats Cleveland Cleveland. There we go base auto Wow Jason choreo cross back so nice you pulled it twice Okay, then we'll mag that and atomic first woman auto Giants Alexander Suarez 87 of 100 Blue choice one been show first woman auto Cardinals 148 of 150. Yeah, thanks, Rob Honestly didn't know right. I remember I remember rich telling me that it's Pretty old school doesn't mean a whole lot anymore Tanner McDougal white socks first woman auto a an insert Yeah, Bowman ascension's insert auto your phone Henry Davis pirates 29 of 100 give credit to you. That's what I would have done refractor auto rays Alexander O'Valleys 370 of 499 base auto Royals Daniel Vasquez Roller line up top and green atomic first woman auto pirates Jack Herman 43 of 99 Cubs first woman refractor auto Christian Franklin 443 of 499 Base first woman auto rays Willie Vasquez and base first woman auto Giants again Adrian Sugastay and last one then we'll recap Orioles refractor auto Dante Williams to 18 of 499 base auto Red Sox Daniel Macklevenny and on the back is base auto Mets JT Schwartz. Alrighty. Give me one sec We'll do a recap everybody. Thank you very much for joining And again, we just have these Star Wars chrome black case at the end of the night that has spots left Still eight to go. All right auto nor have era white Sox redemption Mets Schwartz a couple of times there Yankees Bowman blue J's Espino Twins de Andrade raise Vasquez twice reds confidant Orioles Gonzalez reds Balcazar Dodgers Munoz Orioles Hernandez Marlins Lewis A's Perez twins Mercedes Phillies Tunkel Marlin Sanchez Royals Vasquez a couple of times there blue J's Rudd Phillies Serney Braves Dodd white Sox McGoogle a couple of times Pirates Herman Cardinals Cho Giants Sugastay red Sox Macklevenny refractor autos Orioles Dante Williams to 499 Cubs Franklin to 499 that is a scratch on the mag there a Ray is a Valleys Astros Machandi Padres Rojas Dodgers vivas speckle autos at 299 raise Castillo Astros Valdez reds Ashcraft twins de Andrade Purple to 250 Orioles tremble Yankees Bowman Giant Sugastay a's Perez blue choice the 150 show Cardinals blue Ray wave also 150 Suarez Giants Tunkel Phillies Rookie Jersey auto Louise heal Yankees this one's numbered to 150 Atomic to 100 Giants Suarez insert auto Henry Davis Pirates to 100 and Zach Thompson Cardinals 100 Green to 99 Danny de Andrade twins Greg Cullen Orioles green atomic Herman for the Phillies God by S to 99 Invicta auto Cardinals Gold auto Mariners Charlie Welch to 50 magnet cards here with two Cristobal caro purple refractors there 250 an orange shimmer Gabriel Arias Refractor auto your Don Adela Santos to 499 Pirates Zavala Padres refractor out of the 499 Guardian Jason Shorio first woman base auto and speckle auto to 299 And reds Leonardo Baucazar first woman speckle auto to 299 and that'll do it. Thanks again. Everybody. We've got football coming up next