to this edition of Abledon Air, the holiday edition of Abledon Air, the one and only program that focuses on my needs, concerns, and achievements of the different label. I'm your host, Lauren Siler. I'm your host, Lauren Siler. I'm your host, Lauren Siler. And welcome to this holiday edition. This is our year in review. First up, let's take a look at a clip that we did with Monica Hutt. She is part of Dale, the Vermont Division for Disabilities, Aging, and Independent Living this year. Let's take a look at this clip. What are the missions and goals of your organization? So the Department for Disabilities, Aging, and Independent Living is the Department and State Government. We are one of the departments under the Agency of Human Services. And Dale's mission is pretty big and pretty broad. It's to make Vermont the best state in which to grow old or live with a disability with dignity, respect, and independence. All this year in 2018, Washington County Mental Health came by for several episodes. Let's take a look at Mary Moulton, the Executive Director of Washington County Mental Health. She was on to discuss how Washington County Mental Health helps people with special needs. Let's take a look at this clip. Lauren's to serve. So to serve those in our community who are in need of mental health services, who are in need of services if they have a developmental disability, if they have a substance use disorder, anyone who is having a difficulty in their life that feels as if they need some help for it. And that's our main message. There's a lot of trauma that people experience in their lives. For example, what exactly do you mean? Since this is Mental Health Month and we're going to deal with a lot of different things, what is trauma and the mental health definition of it? So trauma is unique to the individual.  I would, I, I and you and it was traumatic to you. That is how you define it. And I would never tell you that wasn't traumatic.  And it, it's something you might need to seek support for over time and helps to form your thought process as you go forward. So, you know, a significantly hard thing that happens in life that causes us to have some physical or mental reaction that we have to work through that can be the base of that can sometimes be a traumatic event like say abuse as a child, for example, or a post-traumatic stress disorder. Absolutely. For our trade center or war or something. Absolutely. Several times this year we've spoken about smoking and the importance of not smoking in buildings and how buildings have become smoke free. Let's take a look at a clip with Washington County mental health on smoking. Let's take a look at this. Central Vermont New Directions Coalition is a substance abuse prevention coalition. So our mission is really to encourage healthy behavior and decrease substance abuse, especially in Washington County. When you say decrease substance abuse, what exactly does that mean? Well, the key word is prevention. We really want to stop something before it starts. So we want to decrease the number of kids who are starting to try cigarettes. We want to decrease the number of smokers and where it's causing harm to their health. We want to lower the number of people abusing prescription drugs and we want to limit underage drinking of alcohol. Washington County mental health has a newspaper called Shockwave where they involve consumers of Washington County mental health services in writing, painting, and so many other things. Let's take a look at this clip from the Shockwave episode. Let's take a look at this. What types of things do you guys do within Shockwave? Is it like new stories? The foundation is visual arts, painting, drawing, collage. One thing that's featured in Shockwave that's kind of a little different is we don't just have single artist work. We have collaborative work and sometimes when somebody comes in, maybe they are not feeling confident in doing their own work but they might feel confident collaborating with one or two other people and coming up with a piece of art, we have one person who had never done art before but likes to write and that written word became that person's art and has become featured in Shockwave as part of collaboration with other artists, visual artists and then we discover we have a talent for poetry in groups of folks, different groups of folks that come and some don't necessarily attend but they brought their poetry to us when we asked for it and it was amazing to see how many people not only let us put their poetry in the magazine but came to write poetry and again collaboration, collaboration, collaboration. I don't think there's anything in Shockwave that was written in collaboration yet. Several times this year Abel De Narnere was at the state house with the Poor People's Campaign. Let's take a look at several clips from the Poor People's Campaign. Let's take a look at this. National call for a moral revival here in Vermont and across this nation. Today we are doing something that's never been done before. We are gathering here in Montpelier. We are gathering in Sacramento, California, Little Rock, Arkansas, Montgomery, Alabama, Jackson, Mississippi. We are gathering with our sisters and brothers in 37 states and in the colony of the District of Columbia also known as Washington, D.C. We are gathering together as a moral witness to say poverty is a moral. Back in February Abel De Narnere was at the state house for Disability Awareness Day. Let's take a look at a clip from Disability Rights Vermont from the press conference from Disability Awareness Day. Let's take a look at this. And our well-being. With all that's going on in the world and the state lately, this is a timely theme and I think that you folks know and experience what those things outside of what is strictly medical have an effect on our health and well-being. Our housing, our ability to get work, our ability to get support just to get out in the community, and those are all very much, those are all issues that are very much in play this year when we look at what's on the agenda in the legislature either that's been put there by legislators or very much maybe even more pertinently what's been put there in the administration's budget proposal. Three Mountain Support Services recently came on Abel De Narnere. Executive Director Joshua Smith talks about his organization. Let's take a look at this. Since we're talking about the institution, what in your opinion, what is the definition so our viewers can know what the institution really means? So basically is that what that entails is that you based off of somebody's disability you are segregated so you're segregated from the rest of society and what that in Brandon Training School was closed in 1993 so we've got 25 years since we actually so it's only been 25 years that we've got we de-institutionalized. What that means is that it doesn't matter if you have red hair, you wear a hearing aid, you wear glasses or you have an intellectual disability you deserve to be a part of your own community that it's we are only stronger as you know as Vermont when everybody has the same accessibility to everything else your local hardware store your local coffee shop your your grocery store and your you know your local churches and and synagogues and whatnot so everybody is able to access and be a part of that community. So Vermont was the first state to do that we said you know what it doesn't matter that you have a disability you deserve to know your neighbors you deserve to be treated like everybody us at Ableton on Air we would like to say that you know this year during Hanukkah and during the holidays we should all band together and not have prejudice at our dinner tables. Why don't we bow our heads for a couple of minutes to remember the victims of the worst according to news reports it's the worst event in American in American history with the Pittsburgh synagogue so why don't we bow our heads in a couple of minutes of silence for them again this year we should not have any prejudice at the dinner table with Hanukkah and Christmas and the holidays now back to our clips Good Samaritan this year had their annual event back in September let's take a look at a clip of that event so yeah thank you all so much for coming out tonight to support the shelter and the work that we're doing to end homelessness this level of community support relating means the world to our organization it's what enables us to do the work that we do from the volunteers and churches who provide meals especially Bethany and heading congregations who donate their space for our warming shelters each winter. In the homeless I had to go home to the lives of American shelter, homeless shelter and for me that was not my hard choice easy choice because for me to go into the homeless shelter then come out when apart from me my son was an easy choice for me so I put my son first and I'm going into the shelter was provided a nice clean environment get to do laundry shower you know support my work at the time I was working three to let that night so I you know the curfew I couldn't make so I allowed me to come here late at night and you know take a shower do what I need to do and get up in the morning time and you know going to the shelter was um there was something uh it was it was it was good you know it's something that you gotta do you know you put your son first and put those things first so you're going to do it and um it's something that was great for me um I got an apartment at down street down street housing so my I stayed down street at um real estate department to my son who's a kind now he goes to first grade new elementary school uh I work as a duty so everything great life is great so this year we also had a gentleman that spoke about the third annual cerebral palsy conference at green mountain green mountain support services Jim Kavanaugh let's take a look at this clip support services we have Casey Dewey the development coordinator of green mountain support services of Vermont and um James or Jim tell us a little bit about you and um your story and why uh you decided to create the cerebral palsy conference of Vermont well I was born February 20th 1943 and I'm 75 wow you don't look it and obviously um well besides myself the average cerebral palsy obviously back in the 40s or during that time you know there weren't very many services for people with disabilities and my mother and father wanted to put me away but they said no they said no and thank god they just but I cannot read do I have time books okay go on so and uh no I came up here you came to Vermont from where were you born and from where I was born in Cannae you're born in Connecticut yeah I could not talk but my my grandfather said let the kid let the kid talk and they were quite surprised because he said let the kid talk and I've been talking ever since several times this year Ron Rondon from Brick Arts Media who's been a supporter of Ableton on Air came on to the show as a phone call let's take a look and listen to this clip we are broadcasted on there as well we would like to welcome Ron Rondon our sports anchor for this for this show and welcome Ron oh there and what is the show that you do according to Ron Rondon it's kicking off season number five coming up on October 5th on Brooklyn Free Speech Network okay now Brooklyn Free Speech Network um is what what kind of station is it again so well everything all of most of all of Brooklyn of course representing from our friends are optimum and spectrum and also RCN and also on Verizon's files so in any of these areas here check it out and of course we're also online on at BrickArtsMedia.org also on our social media platforms you can check it out on our Facebook page wrote with Ron Rondon and of course on road trip TV1 on YouTube so a lot of public and some other social media is will put it on the air we'll post it if you're watching road trip right now we'll post all this on the air and you'll see what I'm talking about okay back in September it was the anniversary of 9-11 Washington County Mental Health also participated in this conversation let's take a look at this clip from the 9-11 special let's take a look at this 9-11 was a horrible situation for anybody what exactly is trauma and how does your office deal with it so trauma or a traumatic event or events is any event that does two things it overwhelms our capacity to cope it overwhelms our usual ways of functioning and it results in a an experience of threat to our innermost safety and so experience of threat how so so when we're experiencing a traumatic event we often think that we often believe we don't think we believe we experience that our lives are in danger or that the life of a loved one is in danger and traumatic experiences almost all is our unexpected and they take away our sense of control and sort of the order of our universes and and 9-11 is a great example of that horrible example not great fine it's a it's a perfect example how about that there were people there who were going about their business they were working they were doing all the things that people were doing in the towers and all of a sudden their entire world's changed the Vermont Worker Center was on Ableton on air the Anna Gayette and another guest was there as well let's take a look at this clip from the Vermont Worker Center we are trying to get the word out for everybody to be able to get universal health care what exactly is universal health care it is health care for everybody nobody is excluded it doesn't matter if you're in poverty or you're there's a lot of money it's for everybody during an event back in February at the state health disability awareness day I taped several workshops with a camera let's listen in to one of the workshops the human cost of cuts and this year there's been many service cuts to the special needs community let's take a look on how you can help that that you can help America not be cut by disability services let's take a look and listen to this even if they don't cut health care by cutting something like housing or food or something else they might impact health care so I wanted to just kind of talk about a couple of the budget cuts and get some feedback from all of you guys about how those budget cuts will impact actual people people like you people like your friends people like your family people who vote and vote for these elected representatives so I think if we can start telling the story of if you cut personal care attention services and someone can't get to work this is how it's going to impact their day and their life and their children and the family gary gordon the director of emergency services for washington county mental health was on abledon on air talking about suicide prevention let's take a look at this clip what are the missions and goals of your department and what is the screener okay missions and goals uh well generally our mission obviously dovetails with the mission of washington county mental health services in general which we serve the needs of our population in our catchment area we cover all of washington county and three towns in orange county washington orange and williams town all are considered part of our catchment area and we serve the mental health needs of the people in that area uh generally our philosophy is based on the recovery model you know we believe which is what what is just kind of in brief based on our idea that an individual's recovery from an illness is they're in charge of it you know everybody's individual um their needs are different um we try to work with them to develop programs or within the programs and things that we offer models of uh of treatment that works for them you know we're collaborating with them in their efforts to to um to to manage and recover from their illnesses so in general that's i mean that's maybe a snapshot of it um there's more information about that on our website at wcmhs.org zac hughes and kirk post away of washington county mental health public relations department was on ableton on air on uh back in may let's take a look at this clip and also the interview included a clip from hurabu revera let's take a look at this clip zac hughes peer support specialist for washington county thank you thank you for joining us on ableton on air thank you what are the missions and goals of washington county mental health well uh i have to say the mission is to uh to support the individuals in our community to enable them to live independent productive lives in our community to the best of their ability okay now when we say independent uh to the best of your ability what exactly does that mean in layman's church well i mean we all want to be able to uh go home at night and live our lives right go downtown shop and do all kinds of things in our lives right washington county mental health also came on to talk about the learning network and all the activities of the learning network let's listen to that clip learning network is a program within the developmental services area of washington county and it is a extensive program that occurs during the daytime for our individuals who live with intellectual and developmental disabilities and the mission is to provide a wide variety a very diverse variety of activities programs classes events opportunities to go on trips for community integration that will offer that offer everyone the opportunity to network and develop friendships to gain a better understanding of who they are in the world and their gifts and their potential um developing skills in that will help folks become more independent um to have fun you know part of the mission is to have fun and to to learn about yourself recently the transportation committee for the power transit committee of vermont was unable to learn there i'm part of the transportation committee let's take a look and listen to this clip about transportation and people with special needs vermont is getting in the future more power transit for people with special needs let's listen in to dan courier and the committee let's take a look at this what is the missions and goals of the central vermont planning regional planning commission and the the chance the power transit committee sure so the center of your planning commission is a regional planning commission we have 23 towns in our region that that we helped do municipal planning for regional planning and that can be natural resources that can help them with energy planning that can be a transportation study and specifically with transportation we are focused on a the implementation of a new para transit system that the green mountain transit has proposed for our region and so through a grant with the cta which is the community transportation association of america we have brought together stakeholders as well as users of the existing transportation system well we would like to um say happy holidays to all of us from abledon earlier happy hanukkah merry christmas happy kwanzaa and again let's not have any prejudice at the dinner table this holiday let us all remember the uh tree of life synagogue in pittsburgh um again um let's bow our heads for uh for that and um happy holidays happy hanukkah and merry christmas from all of us at abledon air see you in 2019 and many happy tidings see you next year i'm lauren silo i'm ironing silo see you next year


Okay, this is an introduction to FilmsByChris.com. I'm Chris, that's Chris the K. That's me right there. My daughter Ember, and my wife Jennifer. We pretty much live in the swamps of Florida. I'm a firefighter by day, as well as by night, we work long hours, but that's not why you're here. You're here about the videos I put up on YouTube. These videos are mainly about computers and programming, which means most of my videos look something like this. And if that's what you're interested in, great. If not, that's alright. I do videos on other topics too, such as video editing, special effects, photo editing, 3D design, and music creation.  So I ask that you take the time to go to my Patreon page and look at different levels of rewards you can receive for different levels of backing. There should be a link in the description of this video if you are watching it on YouTube. Otherwise, you can visit Patreon.com forward slash Metal X 1000. And I thank you for your time and your support. Have a great day.


The House of Squib, manufacturing chemist of the medical profession since 1858, brings you Academy Award. The pictures, the players, the techniques and skills which have won or been nominated for, the coveted awards granted to each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to each in his field for outstanding achievement. The House of Squib, makers of the great family of Squib medicinal products, brings you Paramount's stirring picture, if I were king, with the distinguished star, Ronald Coleman, who on three separate occasions has been nominated for the Academy Award. In the reign of Louis XI, Paris was besieged by the armies of the Duke of Burgundy. Throughout the long winter, its inhabitants shut off from the outside world, faced either starvation or slaughter, honest man turned thief, thief turned killer and in these dark, tumultuous times like a rare jewel, fallen into the gutter, flamed the genius of a poet. Francois Ville, Paris under siege, a city of tensions and explosive restraints, a city of ironical paradoxes like this, a beggar come to church to look at a woman of quality. Francois Ville and Catherine de Voscell, lady in waiting to the queen. I was afraid you'd gone. Why? You are a beggar from the court of miracles. I don't know you. Ah, but I've dreamt of you always. Each night we've roamed the starry way together. Each morning I've walked with despair in my heart, knowing no mortal could be so fair. Oh, my lady, wherever I look, I see only you. Of course, if I had better manners, I'd keep this to myself. But as you see, I have no manners. I do indeed. May I read your poem? No, certainly not. Oh, thank you, my lady. If I were king, ah, love if I were king, what tribute to renaissance would I bring to stoop before your scepter and to swear allegiance to your lips and eyes and hair? My lady!  Please. And you should have the sun and moon to wear if I were king. Please, I must go. No is there king's guard to interrupt or of war, my lady. Here he goes after him. Take Francois Ville on the king's name. The torture room, Your Majesty. Oh, nasty smell down here. As if the cook had burnt the roast. Well, now, my man, why bring all this suffering on yourself? You were seen to pick up this arrow. To whom were you taking it? But he used your tongue while you still have it. Oh, he still has his tongue, hasn't he? Yes, Majesty. Good. Now, my man, you'd better speak while you can speak. Where were you taking this arrow? What's that? Now, bend closer if you wish. Now, where were you taking it? Fearcone Tavern. So, well, well, very interesting. Where is this, uh, this Fearcone Tavern? The Fearcone Tavern, Sayer. Why, it's in the court of miracles. A spot frequented by wantons, cutthroats, beggars, thieves. The scum of Paris. Very interesting. We must go there. Indeed, we must. In our very best disguises. The Fearcone Tavern, eh? Oh, God, give him water. But not too much. Good and strange is to be alone. Come, ugly one, buy Spice Beer and welcome to Fearcone Tavern. Me? Oh, thanks, Wench. Well, well, you get. What's this? Waste not thy heart upon this juiceless mold.  Isn't that beautiful? What is this cockroach? Why, that's Francois beyond the poet. A tinker of verses, gentlemen, no offence. Poetry is his own worst enemy. Come, join me in a bottle of wine, fit for a king. You drink more than is good for you, my friend. What can a man do but drink when France is going to the devil? I suppose you could do better if you were king. I do not wish to appear boastful, brother long-nosed, but yes. I try and know my subjects to earn their loyalty instead of their loathing. If they are doing the worst in them, I bring out the best in them. You should have been an orator, my friend. I am an orator. Ha, ha, thank you. Thank you, my subjects, and now where is the wine? Stand, you villains! We've come for a rogue named Vio, Francois Vio, which one is he? I am Francois Vio. Don't let them take you down with the king's watch! Sort quickly, assort! You've murdered the grand constable. A pretty night's work must have been all. The grand constable was dead. And in his hand an interesting scrap of paper, eh? It was he. Yes, Oliver. The arrow was meant for him. Take this Vio out and hang him. One moment, young man. Who are you to interfere with the king's justice? I am the king's justice. Your Majesty. Long live the king! Greetings, my loyal subjects.  Neil Francois, the king. I'm afraid it's a little late for etiquette. Quite so. Captain, arrest the leaders. And take them to the palace dungeon. I suppose you're wondering what I'm going to do with you. I can almost guess. I could have you boiled in oil, or sliced, or drawn and quartered, and there are other torches that, for the moment, escape me. But I'm not going to hang you yet. Your Majesty will never know my gratitude. I probably won't. You robbed my storehouse and sullied me publicly, made revolutionary speeches and topped off the evening by assassinating my grand constable in cold blood. Your Majesty admitted he was a traitor. Even so, he was my grand constable. So don't split hairs. But he started the fight.  Something which would have puzzled King Solomon himself. Of course you might hang me at one end and pin a medal on the other. Greater King would hang you out of hand, and the lesser King would forgive you. I'd probably fall somewhere between the two. And this is my decision. Since you have deprived me of the services of my grand constable... Yes, but Your Majesty, I... Don't interrupt me. And since you think it's so easy to rule these carrion who call themselves my subjects, I hereby appoint you grand constable of France and Brittany. Grand constable? Defender of my crown, commander-in-chief of my armies, and dispenser of justice, high, middle, and low. But... but is... is this a jest? Not at all. Oh, it's true. You come from the gutter, my friend. But you have a certain native sense of loyalty, courage. And at least it will prove an interesting experiment, eh? Oh, now kneel down. Well, get down, get down.  Yes, sire. I dub thee Count de Montcobier, hereditary knight of the Golden Buckle. Yes, and I think you need a bath. Oliver? Yes, Your Majesty. Show thee Count de Montcobier to his rooms. This way, my lord. Your Majesty. My lord grand constable. Before continuing with the second part of Academy Award, I'd like to point out how often, not only in motion pictures, but in every other field, a bright attractive smile helps a man or woman on his way to the top. It's one of the reasons why so many people use squib dental cream, one of the great family of squib products. Squib dental cream encourages a sparkling smile. Its cool, minty flavor is so pleasantly invigorating, it seems to wake up your whole mouth to leave it tingling and alive. That's why you can taste the refreshing difference. And the active ingredient in pure squib dental cream is one of the safest, softest, yet most effective polishing agents known to dental science. That's why you can feel and see the refreshing difference. So, for better looks, for a safe, effective, pleasant way to brush your teeth, ask for squib dental cream. Taste, feel, and see the refreshing difference. In a moment, Ronald Coleman will be back with part two of If I Were King. But first, we want to thank Paramount Pictures for making this story available. You'll be interested to know that Paramount's current production is Kitty, starring Paulette Goddard and Ray Malan. And now the House of Squib presents part two of tonight's Academy Award, starring Ronald Coleman as Francois Villard in If I Were King. Well, my Lord Constable, you smell different, and you look so different, I wouldn't know you. Thank you, Sire. Ah, come. The court is waiting. I was saying, Your Majesty, I'm not familiar with the name of De Montcordier, although heraldry is my hobby. Well, I can't say the same for the name of Doudon, General. Ever since you won the Battle of Montlery, I have watched your success with increasing enthusiasm. But I did not win the Battle of Montlery. Oh. Oh, yes, yes, of course, yes, yes. You lost it, yes. But that was the Siege of Liège. Eh, we lost that one too, my dear Count. Oh, did we? Oh, I'm so sorry. We must talk about your battle some other time, General. Yes, come along. Now, this is the Duchess De Longue. Oh, I see. Where is the Count De Montcordier? He spied one of the ladies in Wading Sire. Seemed to know her. Huh? Yes, so he does. You must think this rude of me, but my name is, um... De Montcordier. Silly, isn't it? I looked at you and nearly forgot my name. No doubt your lordship has many important things on his mind. Oh, no, no.  You just affected me that way. I had no idea that you would... that I would... Do you live here? I am one of Her Majesty's ladies in Wading. Oh, what a fortunate queen. Do you know the moment I set eyes on you, I said to myself, there is all the beauty of the universe, past, present, and future, personified and embodied in this exquisite creature. And yet, I know not the name of all this loveliness. My name is Catherine de Beaucelle. The beautiful name. Yes, what is it? Your Majesty, a herald from the Duke of Burgundy entered the city under a flag of truce. He demands audience. Admit the herald from Burgundy. You may speak, sir herald. In the name of the Duke of Burgundy those allies assembled in overwhelming force outside the walls of Paris, I hereby summon you, Louis of France, to surrender and to throw yourself upon my master's mercy. And if I refuse... For the city, famine till the end, then fire and the sword, and for yourself, no hope of pardon. And if I accept... An honorable retreat. You mean a dishonorable retreat, huh? Who are you? Grand Constable of France, chief of the armies, dispenser of all justice. No, no, don't bother to look around.  You... Don't make any more movements like that. Or I'll have you hanged and sent back to your master in a bag. You are not the envoy of a conquering hero, but the servant of a group of shabby little vassals, rebellious serfs of a noble lord. Now, go back and tell them this. Kings are great in the eyes of their people, but the people are great in the eyes of God. We are well-armed and provisioned. We are warm and comfortable behind our strong walls. We laugh at your threats. But if we who eat were starved, if we who drink were dry, if we who are warm were frozen, our answer would still be the same. We laugh at you. We, the people and the king. And this is your answer? No. No, not all. We give you one week to disband and get out. Then we will attack and destroy you to the last man. Now, we don't wish to be annoyed further. But... But your majesty... You heard my lord grand constable. Get out. Yes, yes, there's nothing else you can do. Get out. Will the Burgundians retreat, or will they stay and be slaughtered? I'm afraid they'll stay and be slaughtered. Like a dawn or during the night. Which would you prefer? My lord, you're making fun of me. No, my lady. I'm smiling because my heart is singing. Will you wear my kerchief into battle? Aren't you afraid it may take my mind off the fighting?  All the generals of France. I did. I told them my plan of attack. I shall know their verdict any moment. They can do nothing but follow you. Oh, I hope you're right. Will you bring me word? Of course. Where shall I find you? Well, you might find me behind the fourth door on the left, on the third floor of the new east wing. If you can remember it. It is engraved on my brain in letters of fire. Sire, what was the verdict of the council? I must make haste to perfect my plans. Hmm. The council refuses to accept your plans. And as you say, you must make haste, for you have very little time. Sire, I don't understand. Oh, didn't I tell you? Well, now let me see. You rented us a slight service, which we are repaying with a week of exalted splendor. A week? A week, exactly. Of course, the week is almost gone. You have, let me see, yes, exactly one more day. Then I shall expect you to build me an extra fine gibbet. And from it, hang, Master Villon. Yes. Yes, you know for a few hours, your majesty had me almost disappointed in him. Well, I'm glad your faith in me was sustained, my dear Villon. Good night. Good night. Uh, but your majesty. Yes, my lord. What if I should escape? Oh, you won't escape. I've taken care of that. Just a moment, my lord. What were you thinking of leaving the palace? Oh, just taking the air before retiring. Taking the air on the battlements. Follow him. Quick, quick. There you are. I was afraid you'd forgotten. How could I? Give me your hand. In here. My lord, I heard the news of the council. The scurvy cowards. Why didn't you throw them out of their commands? Too many of them. More than I could replace to attack in a week. His majesty only gave me one. I still have tonight. My lord, sometimes I do not understand you. My heart tells me that you will not let Paris be defeated. And what else does your heart tell you? Oh, my lord. I think you know. Does it mean so much to you that Paris be saved? I had visions of the city free again. Food coming through the gates. And travelers from far off places. Hunts in the forest of Fontainebleau. And I wanted you to take me on a picnic in the spring. I might not have been able to anyway. Why not? Oh, the spring is some time off. And time does strange things to people. Doesn't it? I wonder. I wonder in what misty isle the voice of Sappho thrills the air. In what green valley of the Nile does Cleopatra still despair for Antony the Deponair. The wind had blown them all away. The good, the bad, the foul, the fair. Where are the snows of yesterday? Who wrote there? A person of no importance who is to be hanged. What a pity. Ah, but you shouldn't feel too sorry for him. Such wretches are born and live in the shadow of the gibbet. They're starved and tortured. The slightest rung they commit is punishable by hanging. So when at last they do hang, well, they've always expected it. Aren't we lucky we're not in their shoes. Yes, yes, it is nice, isn't it? Poor starving people. But why wouldn't they fight for Paris? If they had someone to lead them to assure them that when they had fought and conquered they would find their lot different, their king great for. Catherine. Milord. If they would, they would fight. They would conquer. But I would have to lead them. Oh, Milord, you. But it would have to be one. They trusted one of their own. Yes, one of their own. One of the ramble of the gutters of Paris. Me. Catherine, have you ever asked yourself where the Mount de Montcourbier came from? No. Did it ever occur to you that perhaps he came from the court of miracles? Oh, Milord. For a minute you had me thinking you were serious. Don't you remember that day at the church? Oh. If I were king, ah, love if I were king. Why? Beneath your feet what treasures I would fling. The stars should be your pearls upon a string. Oh, no. No. Yes, the world a ruby for your fingering. And you should have the sun and moon to wear. Please, Milord. Please. If I were king. Yes. I am Francois Villon. Oh, no. The gutter poet. Companion of the finest company of cutthroats, rogues, thieves, and murderers that Frans can boast of. Why did you do this to me? Oh, I never intended to. It started as the jest of a king. Then, then I loved you. Love. With all the meaning that the word can have in paradise. Love. I could not give thee any godlier thing if I were king. Go. Please, go. Please. Yes. As I'll go. I'll go to the court of miracles. Perhaps my thieves and cutthroats can do what the generals and the armies of the king have not been able to do. Save France. Did you follow him? Yes, sire, but somehow... Out with it. He escaped. Escaped. After I ordered the finest gibbet built in all France, after him, after him. What is it now? The Burgundian sire. They breach the west wall. Tell my generals, rouse the army, but capture that rogue Francois Ville, dead or alive. Listen to me. We've been fools long enough while they're fighting we'll sack and loot the city. This is our chance. Hey! Who's going to lead us? Yes, who? I am. Why, for a good meal? You'd murder your own mother. His oratory is improving with opportunity. Are you get... Ville? Francois Ville? Yes, Francois Ville. I want to tell you a few things. My friends, we all know there is no honour among thieves, so I'm not going to talk to you about honour. And I'm not appealing to any patch of decency I know you never had. But there are hundreds of thousands of you here, and the city is falling to thieves like ourselves. Come all the way from Burgundy to take what belongs to us. We won't let you out of here. Beggars to beg the bread from our beggars' mouths. Cut purses to cut our purses. Are we going to let these poachers move in on our preserve? These country louts show us how it's done. No! Are they going to starve us to death? No! Then I tell you this. There is no city that can be conquered unless it wants to be. And whether they like it or not, we are part of the city. The part that knows how to fight. Or don't we? We don't! Good. Then let us fight! Bells of Paris. It would seem our side has been victorious. Yes, sir. I have the honor to inform you that our arms have been victorious on every side. The Duke of Burgundy and his allies are defeated and are in retreat.  Good. We shall hang him this very day. Your Majesty! Your Majesty, a great injustice has been done. Last night we were facing defeat when the city was saved by Francois Ville. Francois Ville and the rabble of Paris! Say you so. Ha! Now that is most interesting.  Don't tell me I'm to have the honor of your personal escort to the gibbet, Your Majesty? I have been given to understand that you and some other foot-pads had something to do with defeating the Burgundians last night. Well, suppose I had. Well, suppose I had just this. That you have a devilish talent for seating me on the point of the sword of justice. And it's becoming uncomfortable in the extreme. I'm sorry I have no cushion to offer, Your Majesty. Spare me your witticisms. It's difficult enough trying to be king of France. No, I found that out, Your Majesty. There you have. Well, that's the first nice thing you've said to me. Well now, Francois Ville, in recognition of your heroic but murderous services to the crown, I sentence you to life imprisonment. I forbid you to show yourself again inside of Paris. You can have the rest of France, but I must have peace. Your Majesty. And one more thing.  She wants a word with you. No. No, it's better this way. Will you thank the Lady Catherine and tell her that someday I hope to make the saving of my neck worthy of her efforts? Oh, get out. Get out. Driver, stop the horses. That is the man I want, walking there in the road. Milord? Oh, what do you wish, my lady? Paris is the other way. May I... may I read you a poem? No, certainly not. Oh, thank you, Milord. If I were king, beneath your feet what treasures I would fling.  Come, my lady. There does not sound well coming from a woman's lip. No? Then how should it sound? It should sound softly as a poem from the heart like a song. Ah, let these wild dreams and wilder words take wing. Deep in the woods, I hear a shepherd sing a simple ballad to a silver-air of love that ever finds your face more fair. I could not give thee any godlier thing if I were king. One thing is assured. No matter what goals he may choose for himself, he will have a longer life in which to reach them. The average child born today can look forward to 16 more years of life than a child born in 1900. For the great forces of medical science working together are mastering one by one the diseases that cripple and kill. As its part in a whole great program of medical research, the House of Squibb is always seeking better ways to serve the doctor who serves you, pursuing an endless quest for perfection. That's why, at Squibb, today's discoveries hold the promise of even greater contributions tomorrow. That is why you and your doctor share a deep confidence in the House of Squibb. He has learned through the drugs he uses. You have learned through Squibb products you use every day that Squibb is a name you can trust. Next week, another great picture. The House of Squibb will present Academy Awards starring Rosalind Russell and Janet Blair in My Sister I Leave. 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Anyway, listen to something else. Question is, is it a pile on or is it dodgy? The story about Ricardo Menendez March's trip to Mexico and back has made headlines this week. Now, Ricardo says he went there to care for his sick parents over the Christmas break and then brought back his Mexican partner who'd just been given a visa. Questions have been asked about whether the trip was an excuse to get his boyfriend back into the country. So Ricardo is still in MIQ. Hi, Ricardo. Kia ora, Heather. How are you? I'm well, thank you. Ricardo, did you fly to Mexico with the intention of picking up your partner? No, I went there in the extremely difficult situation where I had to look after sick parents. And at the same time, I have had many attempts throughout the year and luckily a successful one of putting and getting an expression of interest to apply for a visitor visa for a visa waiver country for my partner of Mexican descent. And he would be able to, because it's a visa waiver country, he'd actually be able to travel to New Zealand without you, right? That's right. And it was a matter of providing sufficient evidence that we have left together prior to the application, which we had. And so this is a change of rule that happened late last year. And in many ways, I do feel a lot of empathy for people from non-visa waiver countries who have very limited routes to be reunited with their partners in the middle of the pandemic. But for people from visa waiver countries like the US, many parts of Europe and Latin America, if you provide sufficient information to immigration, you feel an envy that you have a genuine and stable relationship. It doesn't require you to go and grab your partner in order for them to travel back to New Zealand. Okay. Now, let's just understand a little bit about this. So how did he qualify for a visa? Is it based solely on the fact that he is your partner? Yeah, it is. And so these visas have existed for many, many decades. And the pandemic, though, they were restructured basically to add the term critical purpose, because it's related to family and partnership. And the visas that are being granted at the moment for partners are predominantly visitor visa, which don't give you the right to work in the field. Right. And you spoke before about having to provide evidence of a genuine and stable relationship. Have you lived together before? We had lived together before the pandemic. That's right. And so we provided that's right. Yeah. But you reside in New Zealand? I do. But I mean, throughout my time in New Zealand, I have lived in Mexico when I visited family. And as it is in our culture, in fact, living together in an intergenerational household with your partner, it's a very common thing. And in many ways, I'm really, really lucky that we have had the chance to be in a relationship before the pandemic hit. And it's a shame that the pandemic has meant that obviously our plans to live together have been postponed for so long. Yeah. Look, I'm sorry, because I know this is personal, but there have been questions that have been coming through. I'm sure many media are fielding them about how genuine this relationship could be if you are living in New Zealand, he's living in Mexico and you go over once a year for reasonably short period of time. So I was really lucky that my previous workplace enabled me to visit more than once a year particularly to visit family. So we have had that contact and relationships are complicated in many ways. Of course, the intention for us is not to have a permanent long-distance relationship. I think that's not a workable arrangement in the long-term future. And this is why, like many people, there's the streams of these to apply. And I tell myself incredibly privileged that my partner is from a piece of work, a country that enabled me to do this application. For him to potentially have come separately. And I do feel for people from countries who are from non-disabled countries who are actually left with few options to be reunited with their partners. Would you feel comfortable, Ricardo, telling us how much time in the last few years you two have lived together? Several months. Several months across several years? Yeah. How many years? It's been two years relationship. Two years. Yeah. And how much of that two years have you spent living together? Quite a few. I mean, for the person of my partner, obviously, I'm not going to go into minute details. But I mean, several months and sufficient to provide to Immigration New Zealand that we have obviously been deserving of getting an expression of interest without me actually being in the same country with him. And I think this is the sort of conditions that are being put for visa waiver countries. How many times had he applied beforehand for a visa and been declined? So we attempted to apply for an expression of interest or to obtain one before the rules were changed to enable visa waiver countries. And that was unsuccessful because there was basically a blanket ban. But since the government changed the rules that enabled visa waiver countries, then we were successful. And so it would have been about three different attempts. And then we were successful in our last attempt when the rules have changed. Three no's and then a yes. The yes came after you were an MP. Yes, it did. And that was, I mean... You know what I'm going to ask you, right? And the question is going to be, Ricardo, do you think that it's your status as an MP that changed the answer that you got? No, it was a change of rules. And that was a reality for many couples that were separated that come from visa waiver countries. But actually, until the rules were changed that enabled visa waiver countries to be able to come, there had been no avenues for them to basically apply while they were in different countries. So while I'm grateful that the rules were changed to give some flexibility for people from visa waiver countries, I do know and acknowledge that more work needs to be done to ensure that there is equity for people from non-visa waiver countries. There's countless of stories of people from countries like in India who, you know, despite the current changes of rules from last year, they haven't had an option. But many couples from places like the US and other countries from visa waiver countries have now been successful in putting the application through the government, relax the rules for visa waiver countries. All right, Ricardo, thank you very much for talking to us. I appreciate it. Ricardo Menendez-Marche, Green Party MP.


Great, thanks Ron, and thanks everyone for coming. So the context of this talk is the landscape of cryptography from one-way functions. So famously, Impaglizzo and Lubi showed that one-way functions are necessary for essentially all of complexity-based cryptography. And on the other hand, a beautiful series of works have shown that, in fact, it suffices for a large number of cryptographic protocols and applications, including, for example, most of private key cryptography and also some basic public key primitives like digital signatures. And the way these constructions of these more useful primitives and protocols work is that they don't actually work directly with one-way functions, which are very unstructured and hard to manipulate for construction. They instead deal with elements of this bottom layer here, which are sort of more structured primitives that are easy to use in constructions and easy to reason about. And they thereby isolate the need to deal with one-way functions and that hardness to this bottom layer of reductions. And it's this bottom layer that we're going to focus on today. So a recent line of work has been dedicated to trying to get simpler, more efficient constructions of these basic, more structured primitives. And along the way, it's shown sort of surprising similarities behind the constructions and the analyses of these seemingly very different primitives. And it's raised sort of the very intriguing possibility that there may be a way to formally unify the constructions or the analyses. But so far, this dream is still far out of reach. So in this work, we make a little bit of progress in this direction by introducing a new framework to reason about and manipulate the hardness of one-way functions in the way that's needed to get both statistically hiding commitments and pseudo-random generators from one-way functions. And to say a little bit more about what this means, we first need to understand a bit about how these constructions work, and they go via manipulating different computational analogs of entropy. So first, a brief reminder in the information theoretic setting, what is entropy? The Shannon entropy of a random variable A is just the expected surprise, the expected log 1 over the probability. And really the only thing we need to know is that for an n-bit string, the entropy of a random variable A is between 0 in the case that A is just a point mass and solids mass in one point, or n, where A is the uniform distribution over all n-bit strings. So now let's understand these primitives of pseudo-random generators and statistically hiding commitments from this sort of entropy theoretic view. So most basically, a pseudo-random generator, let's just say, is a function from n-bit strings to two n-bit strings. Now, the Shannon entropy of the output of the pseudo-random generator is at most n. And this is just for trivial reasons. The input is an n-bit string, has entropy at most n, and you can't increase the entropy by applying some function. But on the other hand, from the point of view of a computationally bounded adversary, the whole point of pseudo-random generator is that the output looks uniform. So in some sense, the computational pseudo-entropy of the output is as if g of u n had full entropy. And what this means formally is that there is some distribution x computationally indistinguishable from the output of the pseudo-random generator that does have true Shannon entropy to n. And this, of course, is the famous notion of pseudo-entropy introduced in the seminal work of Hassad and Pogliac 11 and Louie. And something to note here is that in this case, the distribution n is simply the uniform distribution on two n-bits. And so a pseudo-random generator is sort of a maximal form of a generation of pseudo-entropy. Not only is the pseudo-entropy more than the true entropy n, it's actually as large as it possibly could be. And it turns out there's a dual way to think about this in the context of, say, statistically-hiding commitment based on unforgeability. So to say what this means, let's think of a statistically-hiding commitment of a message drawn uniformly at random from n-bit strings. And where you execute the commitment protocol, you get some transcript T. Now, by the statistical hiding property of this commitment, the entropy of the message m given the transcript T is supposed to be completely uniform or statistically close to uniform because it's statistically hiding. And in particular, the true entropy of the message given the transcript is essentially n. But on the other hand, the binding property of the commitment says that the computationally-bounded sender should not be able to decommit to more than one message. And in particular, this adversary should not be able to access any entropy in the message given the transcript. The sort of computational entropy, the entropy left to a computationally-bounded adversary is much less than the true entropy and is actually negligible. And importantly, this holds even if the sender, the committer, is malicious and does not just sample a message uniformly at random and execute the transcript, but instead executes the transcript and generates the message sort of simultaneously in a way trying to access entropy in m given T. The concept here is that you still can't do that. And this is the recent notion of inaccessible entropy due to heighten around gold, vadan, and wean. And again, much like pseudo entropy here, we see that not only is the computational entropy, ooh, sorry, much less than the true entropy, it is in fact zero or negligible. So again, this is sort of an extreme form of inaccessible entropy. And motivating this, it's perhaps not surprising that the way these best constructions work now is they first go and produce some form of pseudo entropy or inaccessible entropy that's not necessarily maximal, but has some gap between the computational entropy and the true entropy. So these are pseudo entropy generators and inaccessible entropy generators, and then you convert that into the full primitive that you want. So it turns out that in these constructions, once you have your base pseudo entropy or inaccessible entropy generator that has this gap between computational and real entropy, the step to turn it into a full, the full primitive is actually quite similar. You do some simple things like repetition to amplify these gaps, to turn them from Shannon entropy to min entropy, things like this, and then some sort of hashing or extraction step to get true randomness or true commitment. But on the other hand, the sort of steps to actually get this first generator, computational entropy generator, have been mostly ad hoc. And so the sort of question behind this work and the series of works is to just try and get a better understanding of whether these things can be unified. And so if we zoom in even further for getting the eventual primitives, let's look at the constructions of these computational entropy generators. If we go to 2010, the best works is of Heitner, Reingold, and Padan in the pseudo entropy case and still the same inaccessible entropy generator. You can see here that the constructions are somewhat similar. The actual generators look somewhat similar, but the techniques are quite different than ad hoc. But now, interestingly in 2012, Vadan and Zheng in work that has the best-known pseudo random generator construction from one way functions, introduced a new notion of relative pseudo entropy that allowed them to amazingly both simplify the eventual construction and make it essentially the same as the inaccessible entropy construction. But also give like a simpler, tighter proof. And the key idea is that this notion of relative pseudo entropy is a very simple, beautiful information theoretic notion that is easily derived from one way functions. And also it lets you manipulate sort of this hardness in a very information theoretic way and allows you to isolate the computational part of the proof to just this one step.  On the other hand, that work was entirely for pseudo entropy, so it left the sort of inaccessible entropy leg of this diagram unchanged. So in this work, what we do is we introduce a few new notions, most importantly, hardness and relative entropy, which like relative pseudo entropy is a very sort of simple information theoretic notion that is easily found in one way functions. But on the other hand allows us both to recover relative pseudo entropy in the case of pseudo random generators, but also allows us to make this proof also of inaccessible entropy generators more modular, simpler, slightly tighter and do most of the work entirely with information theoretic manipulations, isolating again the computational aspect to one step. And we'll actually see that in fact a lot of the steps on the top and bottom will mirror each other, but we need to first understand a bit more about what these notions actually are. So the preliminary talk had mentioned KL divergence, the new notion is called hardness and relative entropy, so let's define of course relative entropy or the KL divergence, which is a form of distance between probability distributions. So the relative entropy of A with respect to B is the expected where the expectation is over the distribution on the left, relative surprise of A, the expected log ratio of the probability of A over the probability of B. And just for intuition, some basic properties, the relative entropy is not negative with equality if and only if the distributions coincide. The relative entropy is finite if and only if the support of A is contained in the support of B. Or another way to think of this, if A ever puts mass on an element where B has no mass, then the divergence of relative entropy is infinite. And for intuition, if B for example is uniform over its support, then the relative entropy of A with respect to B is minimized when first the support of A is contained in the support of B, but then also the support of A should be as large as possible within that set and it should be as close to uniform on that support as possible. Okay, so, and also just very briefly, a one-way function more for notational purposes is just a function F, computable in polynomial time, such that for any polynomial time adversary, the probability of inverting a uniform image of the one-way function is negligible. Okay, so now before we talk about the new notion of hardness and relative entropy, let's first understand the VZ notion of relative pseudo-entropy that they use for pseudo-entropy generators. So we say that X, a distribution X has relative pseudo-entropy delta given F of X if for all polynomial time adversaries, A, the relative entropy of the joint distribution of the input X and the image F of X with respect to the adversary run on F of X and F of X is at least delta. So that was a lot of words. Let's try and understand a little bit more briefly. Notice that the second component here, the F of X component is the same. So this divergence is made zero if the adversary A, in fact, samples exactly from the pre-image distribution of X given F of X. And on the contrary, this relative entropy will be large if the support here is much smaller than the support here. Or in other words, if A puts a lot of mass outside of pre-image of F, if A fails to invert F. So given this intuition, it's not surprising that VZ proved that in fact if F is a one-way function, then the uniform distribution has super logarithmic relative pseudo-entropy given the image. And now, as you normally, such a very queen-looking theorem will have a very ugly proof because we're dealing with one-way functions, but one beautiful thing of this notion is that in fact, I'm gonna give the proof on this slide. So the key is that the relative entropy is very nice to work with. In particular, we have the data processing inequality, which says essentially that the relative entropy is non-increasing under the application of a function to both sides of the divergence. So what function are we gonna apply? We're just gonna ask if the first component of this joint distribution, a pre-image of the second under the one-way function. And when we do this, we see that in fact on the left-hand side, by definition, the first component is always a pre-image. But on the second side, by the one-way function property, because an adversary can invert only negligibly, it's only negligibly often a pre-image, and thus this relative entropy is super logarithmic. It's the log of the security parameter of the one-way function, log one over the security parameter. Okay, so this talk is about unifying the entropies. So how are we gonna try and put inaccessible entropy into this framework of relative pseudo-entropy? So first, let's remember that relative pseudo-entropy we see has this one-versary A here on the right-hand side of this relative entropy, and its purpose is to invert the one-way function. But on the other hand, for inaccessible entropy, the adversary is really not an inverter. It's a malicious generator or a sampler. And to explain what I mean by that, let's recall this example of a statistically hiding commitment in which a sender is supposed to choose a uniformly random message, execute the protocol and get a transcript T. The security notion we wanna look at is a malicious adversary, which is not just doing this process, but is somehow jointly executing the protocol and sampling a TNM in such a way that they wanna access more entropy in their adversarial message M tilde given the transcript T tilde. The binding property we want is sort of quantified over all these malicious generators or samplers and saying that no matter what you do, if you're still poly-time bounded, you can't actually access any entropy in the message given the transcript, even if you maliciously try and execute the sampling process. So our goal is to sort of capture now the hardness of maliciously sampling this pair, X tilde, Y tilde, supported on X, Y, going back to the one-way function example. We're trying to get inaccessible entropy out of the one-way function. And so the first and most natural attempt, perhaps, is to look at the relative entropy of this output distribution of the maliciously sampled X tilde, Y tilde with respect to the true X, Y. And we'd like to say something like this is large for any polynomial-time sampler. Unfortunately, this is not true. In fact, the divergence is zero for the simplest thing you can do if you're just honest. Then you just pick a uniformly random X, execute F of X, and by definition sort of this distribution will be the same as the one on the right. And the problem here is that this relative entropy isn't capturing the sort of usefulness of the generator. It's not capturing the fact that it's not the output necessarily that's weird. It's the guts of the sampling process. This doesn't capture the usefulness or the maliciousness of the generator. So the key idea is sort of we're gonna look not just at the input of the sampler, we're gonna look at the randomness of the sampler. But to do that, we need to accompany the sampler by some sort of simulator. And what that simulator is going to do is given an arbitrary image of the one-way function, its goal is to generate compatible coin tosses for the sampler. In the sense that given Y, my simulator is supposed to abuse randomness for the sampler or generator, that when you generate back, you get back Y. And then we're going to compare the uniform randomness used by the generator in the sort of forward direction and the randomness you get from the simulator. So let's try and both be a little bit more rigorous and use some pictures. So we start with just with the one-way function F that maps X to Y and we're going to introduce two adversaries. The first is this malicious sampler or generator G tilde which maps randomness to a joint distribution of X tilde, Y tilde. In such a way that it's consistent with the one-way function, meaning that Y tilde is always equal to F of X tilde. And now the simulator I talked about, we introduced as a second adversary that goes from Y back to R in such a way that if you follow the diagram from Y to R to back, you should get back to where you started or perhaps to some special fail symbol if the simulator isn't able to accomplish its task. And now with this model in place, we can define our main notion of hardness and relative entropy and say that this joint distribution X F of X has hardness and relative entropy Delta if for all polynomial time adversaries G and S of this form, the relative entropy of the randomness used by the generator, uniform randomness used by the generator and the output image of the one-way function with respect to the sampled random, simulated randomness given a true one-way function output and the true one-way function output is large. So again, this is a lot of notation to unpack. This will be made zero if both this generator G tilde is able to perfectly approximate the distribution of Y as we've seen. And also if the simulator is able to perfectly sample from the randomness used condition on getting the output Y. So a little bit more intuition. First, let's note that if we look at the example that defeated the earlier first attempt where we just consider the honest sampler that picks X uniformly at random and computes F of X, we recover exactly the notion of relative pseudo entropy defined by Vadan and Zheng. Because here we will just get that the randomness is the X, the Y tilde is F of X and if you just replace Y with F of X, this is exactly what we wrote down for relative pseudo entropy. But on the other hand, we also have not generalized too far. Like we haven't given the adversary too much power because if F is a one-way function, then in fact this joint distribution still has hardness in relative entropy. It'll be super logarithmic in N and again log one over the security parameter and the proof is still one line and it is essentially the same as the proof for relative pseudo entropy. The key thing to note is that essentially if you take Y, simulate the randomness and sample X, you have inverted the one-way function if you succeed. Okay, so finally let's talk a little bit about this picture now. So we've gone through what hardness in relative entropy is, we've defined it. And now, excuse me. And now let's look at this diagram that shows these steps you get to get pseudo entropy in an accessible entropy. Unfortunately, I don't have time to go in detail over these steps. I recommend you take the paper if you're interested. But what I wanna point out is that in fact these steps between the two branches are actually quite dual to each other. As we mentioned, if you start with hardness in relative entropy and you fix the generator G tilde to be this honest sampler, you immediately recover relative pseudo entropy. And then if your goal is to obtain the sort of next block pseudo entropy, it turns out the next step you do is you sort of make this adversary online in some way and make some sort of block-wise and split into some sort of block-wise notion with primarily information theoretic considerations.  You just swap the order a bit. You first make your generator online and then fix not the generator but the simulator. Again, I don't think I can convey it too much other than these steps, if you look at them are actually extremely natural in the context of once you have this hardness and relative entropy notion and are very sort of dual and similar to each other. And yeah, and sort of give this one step towards unifying these entropies and perhaps even later the constructions are more of the analysis. So I'd like to conclude with just some future research directions. First, if you recall, this bottom layer of permatives in the diagram at the beginning, there was also universal one-way hash functions. It would be nice to be able to use this notion or something like it to also get more efficient constructions of Wolfs. In fact, the best known constructions of Wolfs does go by some slightly different notion of an accessible entropy. So there's hope that this may also be able to unify that one as well. But more broadly, I think the sort of key idea here was this using relative entropy or KL divergence or just information theoretic notions in general as a way to sort of capture the hardness in cryptographic permatives and reductions. And in a way that's very simple and in particular very much isolates the computational and information theoretic parts of these reductions. And with that, yeah, so I hope I hope that maybe useful in cryptography and with that I'll conclude the talk. So thank you. Great, thank you. Questions? Okay, thank you again. Thank you. Thank you.


Both the CRX and the RX-7. Okay, they were fun cars to drive Fun cars to drive. Cheryl, this time of year is freaky with deer here. They pop up anywhere and everywhere. Yeah Yeah, yesterday, a couple of days ago, we were driving We almost again almost hit a deer on the highway and man gang, I'm an animal lover Really, but deers are the dumbest Dumbest dumbest animals out there. They see a car coming they freeze, right? supposedly if You see a deer On the highway when you're driving and they stop in front of you blink your headlights and the blinking lights is supposed to kick him Out of their hypnosis on the run, right? But when the deer comes and a lot of animals actually do this even squirrels do this When you see them, they'll freeze, right? Because they think when they freeze You won't see them because a lot of predators Function their their visuals function on motion, right? So if you freeze the predator won't be able to Recognize you because you're not moving, right? So they consider I guess cars to be predators and they freeze now Freezing in front of a car moving at a hundred twenty hundred thirty hundred forty kilometers per hour or a hundred clicks per hour Is not a good idea, especially if the drivers are not in You know that experience So supposed to be blinking your headlights works, but super dangerous Cheryl's super dangerous Deers take out a lot of people On highways so when you see deer crossing signs on the highway pay attention Those deer crossing or moose crossing or any animal crossing signs They're there because most likely Someone has died on that highway and there's been a lot of accidents on that highway, right? In that zone where there's a deer crossing or whatever animal crossing So they only put up those signs there is because that is a pathway for the animals to go, right? So pay attention road signs means something, okay? Be aware be aware


Live from San Francisco, it's the Cube, covering Red Hat Summit 2016. Brought to you by Red Hat. Here's your host, Brian Graceley. Welcome back to Red Hat Summit. We're here in San Francisco, Red Hat Summit 2016. 5,500 people here on day two. Excited to have Todd Mancini, Harry Maurer from the app development team. Guys, welcome to the show. Thanks. Thanks for having us. So one of the big parts of Red Hat Summit now is DevNation, the application development piece of it, attracting developers.  Give us, we've been covering day one and day two. DevNation was sort of pre-show. Give us the highlights. What went on? What were you communicating? What did the community look like? Sure, so we started the day with, we had the morning keynote where we made a number of announcements. It was probably, I think, one of the largest single day announcements that we've had, especially from the developer tools group. And then this is our third year and it's been getting bigger and better. I think this year we had over 50 speakers and 60 sessions and 70 hours of content. So it was one of our best DevNations yet. We made them, it was pretty good. Yeah, let's do a real quick rundown. What were the big announcements and what are the areas of applications they hit? Yeah, sure. So we made a number of announcements. There was really two areas. It was announcements around technology that we've been committed to for many years. And so the first section was we made announcements around support for OpenJDK on Windows, a new type of evolution of Enterprise Java with a micro-profile announcement. And we also announced some new products like DevSuite and DevStudio and if you want to talk about those. Sure, so one of the products that we announced, we didn't actually get a chance to talk about much because we were kind of running out of time, was Red Hat Development Suite. And this is a brand new product and what it actually does is it takes all of our other developer tools and kind of puts them in one package so you can install it super easy and it doesn't only make it easier to install them but it integrates them all together so they work seamlessly together. So I think it's gonna make experience for developers. So I'm no longer bouncing between tabs, it's just a right click or something that's just gonna get pulled in and one experience or one IDE, excellent. And then the other couple things.net core now open source part of REL, part of OpenShift. You guys both have some background at Microsoft. How big a deal is that? What does that mean to the market? It's huge, I mean, from my perspective, I've been at Red Hat about a year and a half and I had left Microsoft, I'd spent a long time at Microsoft and I thought I had left that world and that world seems to have followed me here so it's pretty interesting. But it was a huge announcement for us and it was actually part of that second way of announcements, you know, the kind of the future moving forward for Red Hat and the development space.  We had Scott Hanselman from Microsoft do the announcement and do the demos along with Todd. And, you know, it's great because we're the first Linux provider to actually have a fully supported version of .NET. So if you're a .NET developer and you want to do it on Windows or you want to do it on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, you're going to get the same level of support. And yeah, it's fantastic. Right, and I got to imagine, I mean, we had Paul Cormier-Anne was talking about Linux and containers. This is going to make it easier to take advantage of those environments, take advantage of microservices. Yep, and we showed some other demos of some tools that were starting to get more integrated with some upstream projects, one in particular, Eclipse Che, which is really container-based development environment. And, you know, Todd did some demos with Tyler Joule from Code Envy around that. I mean, do you want to talk more about Che at all? Yeah, so Che is, it's really unique in its approach to how a developer actually didn't get started. It's completely browser-based, right? So you don't need to install anything. You can be up and running instantly. But where it kind of goes even further is, most developer tools, you know, they refer themselves as an integrated development environment. But really, they're integrated development tools. They don't really provide the environment. Che goes further. It really does have this notion of these universal workspaces. So that not only can you start coding, but you have an environment in which to code, a container-based environment. That includes a full stack of your application platform in it. So it's really, really powerful. Yeah, it's a huge piece. I mean, we talk to a lot of customers and a lot of CIOs are saying, hey, look, I'm seeing all these things happen in the marketplace and Uber's going fast, and Airbnb, and we want to go fast. And then they go, how do I go fast? How do I, you know, writing code isn't, it's getting easier, more people are doing it, but, you know, those big steps that you're making are going to make it easier and easier. And I think one of the things that we heard was sort of citizen developer and this idea that more and more people that aren't hardcore coders can help make an input into that. Yeah, and I think Che plays a lot into that. That's why it's going to be a big part of our strategy. Because, you know, one of the biggest pain points is just getting started, right?  It's getting everything you need to get running. You know, moving to this type of technology alleviates almost all of that. And so it's really big space. It's getting, taking the friction from sort of idea to execution in terms of that. At least getting idea to, hey, let me test out my idea and see what it looks like. You know, and also part of that too is, you know, Che is really great because along with that, developers are using more and more different types of technologies and languages. And so Che supports a wide, will support a wide range of languages because we also made an announcement with Microsoft around a language server protocol which allows language developers to create standard implementations of their language capabilities that can be plugged into both our development tools as well as Microsoft's development tools. And I think that's really exciting because as new languages and technologies come online, they can easily find a home in these development tools and people can develop their tools. So is that about sort of making a consistent experience for a Linux developer and a Windows developer or is that a Go developer and a Java developer? What does that mean in reality? Yeah, I think it's, yeah. I would actually say it's not about making it be consistent. It's actually about making it so you have that choice. Okay. Right, if we made it consistent, then all the tools would be the same and why bother, right? But the idea here is you get to choose your tool that works the way that you prefer but you don't have to abandon the languages you want to use. Gotcha. In Shea, if you want to do C-sharp.net development, you can, and if you want to do Java development, you can. Same on the Visual Studio side. It gives you the option to now use these languages.   So let's shift gears a little bit. One of the guys in your team ran the demo today. Huge demo. In terms of breath, we had front end development, we had mobile development, we had reactive environments. Give us a sense of what did we see? What was, what all was going on there? Yeah, we call Burr the demo magician because it really is a magic act up there. I mean, you saw, what you saw was someone take code, an idea, code it and bring it all the way through an automated process out to production. You actually, for those that weren't there, it was based around a mobile game. So everyone had a chance to actually play the game. And while during the people playing the game, we were actually making real time changes as it was happening.  It's always all real. I mean, that's the amazing thing about those demos every year. No net. Everything without a net, yeah. Everything without a net. And I think that the big thing that people don't always understand is, you talk about those changes, those changes could be based on a lot of things. They could be based on planned code changes. They could be based on user input that people are going like, oh, everybody's using it this way. Let's make a change. Maybe you want to introduce an ad component to it. You want to introduce a new payment system. People have to be able to change those on the fly. The six month outage window is no longer part of business anymore. No, and actually part of what we showed, and I don't want to talk more about this, but we showed the different types of deployment strategies, how you could do either take the new stuff and just make it 100% of the deployment, or we showed something called a Canary deploy where you only deploy to a percentage of the audience in real time and you test to see if there's any issues. And there's no issues, and it automatically go to the rest of the users. And so, all sorts of feedback happens in real time to make deployment decisions. And that's what we're trying to show you. Sometimes they call those blue-green deployments or retail people call them AB types of testing and so forth. And the capabilities now are, integrate continuous integration, integrate containers so that it's easy for developers. And that part was very, very interesting to be able to say, look, we all talk about these big, kind of PowerPoint slides and here's what's going on. You guys really showed the breadth of that. And what was really interesting was, all of that is Red Hat innovation, Red Hat technology, and then open source technology as well throughout the thing. Yeah, if you looked at the different technologies, we used the mix of production, the products that we offer support for, as well as some new upstream projects like Vertex. And from the container perspective, I thought it was really neat how we showed Che, everything that when Joshua, the first person who was doing the coding, we actually opened up his development environment. It was the same container-based environment that the production people were using. And as a matter of fact, it was the production people that gave that to Joshua, right? It was no longer, I didn't have to worry about my local environment being mismatched from production. And that's a huge problem today. I mean, I think the thing, the big thing I took away from it was, it's sort of like you said, as a developer, I didn't have to really change anything. I'm going to write in whatever framework or language I like, but that consistency of environment went from the laptop to the testing environment to production, could be running in the public cloud, could be running in private cloud. I mean, that's a huge change, right? You no longer have to, it's less finger pointing, less sort of coordination, it just sort of works. Yeah. I mean, part of that, I mean, I don't know if you want to talk about that. There was a mix of technologies across micros, all those different microservices, and there wasn't just one static monolith, Java all the way through, it was actually a bunch of different technologies. Yeah. What's been your big takeaway so far this week from developers that you've talked to, feedback they're giving you, things they still want to see Red Hat work on? Wow, there's been a lot. Some of the announcements, I think that surprised us, it got people really jazzed up, the fact that we have an open JDK now available on Windows that has the breadth of support of Red Hat behind it, that people were blown away by that, and they were super excited about it, because it really helps them address a really fundamental issue. We talk about this issue of, hey, is development the same as production? And then the reality is for a lot of applications that are being written today, say in Java, it is fairly common for a developer's desktop to be a Windows machine, because they're in an enterprise, enterprises deployed Windows out to the desktops, but there was always a concern that, well, what if the JDK that I'm running on my desktop environment, it's different than the one that's in production? Are they going to behave the same? How do I know that? Right, right. And so Red Hat now is addressing that with our distribution of the open JDK, gives you that guaranteed consistency between the Windows and Realm installations. So that it runs on my desktop thing is not just it's in a Docker container, it's also the framework, the runtime, you've got to have a level of consistency of that whole stack. Yeah, I mean containers are really exciting and they're the new thing, and developers will start to use them more as we progress, but today, it's a small percentage that are actually doing development in containers, we still have to worry about that local experience. Yeah, so I'll give you guys the last word, each one of you, sort of, what's the takeaway you want people who maybe aren't here at the show to go, if I'm interested in app development, if I'm interested in just open development, what should they look for from you guys, what's on the horizon maybe that they should be kind of getting excited about? Well, the first thing I'd ask them to do is go to our developer program, developers.redhat.com, come to the site, register, all the products are available for you to use, for free, for development use, and get started. I think the big takeaway or the big message that we were trying to give developers this week, at least through DevNation was, we're really committed to the technologies that you're using today, and we're going to be supporting you throughout, no matter how you use them, but we're also looking at ways to bring you into the future and be more productive in this new world of microservices, containers, and cloud environment. Yeah. And I just add that we're an open by default organization. We really highlighted some of the stuff that we're delivering today, but we've got tons of new stuff that we're working on, and if people come to developers.redhat.com, they can find out about it, and not only find out about it, but start to contribute and get engaged in it, so we look forward to that. Yeah, that's great, guys. Todd, Harry, 10 years of application development here at Red Hat Summit, a lot of new things coming out, Linux and Windows kind of working together, all open source, open application development across the cloud. With that, we're going to be right back. We'll be back all week and all day today on day two here at the Red Hat Summit 2016, here in San Francisco, this is theCUBE.