So today we're going to talk about the IoT app. I'm going to show you how an IoT app finds its way to the cloud, basically. We'll show how the same app runs at local hosts. Then we move it to PCF depth. Then finally, the full-blown payload cloud foundry. We'll show some differences for each of these stages. And we'll also highlight some of the problems we're writing to as we move the app to the cloud, basically. All right, so we've seen lots of hype around IoT. So in the given study, as you've seen on the bottom of the screen, in this year, IDC and Garner shows that they're being over $800 million in spending on related to IoT. Then they're basically over a billion connected things just this year. But these number will greatly increase. So by the end of the year 2021, we will have over $1.4 trillion spending on IoT, as well as over 20 billion connected things. And of course, that poses lots of challenges as well as opportunities. All right, so here we have a connect. We basically work with our partners and set up some labs. And this is the architecture of the lab we built for also the lab environment behind the app I'm going to show you. So on the bottom, we see that there are three labs, but we are adding more labs as well. Each lab is focusing on different scenarios. So the first one demo app on the bottom left, that's this one. So that's for abandoned device. And the second one, we call lab one room. So that's for basically drone detection. So think of a surveillance app scenario where there's a drone flying, trying to play information. And we use AI to detect that. So that's the plan. And the third one, that's highlighting the chemical pollution scenario. We are also adding several other labs, which is now showing the architecture. On the top, in the middle section, that's the center for our environment. So we have a data center. And it's built on top of Dell IoT Gateway. And we also have a Dell PowerEdge server creating arrays. So such hardware is set up in such a way that all these labs, each lab has over a dozen sensors. So each sensor is emitting at least a record a second. So all these data are collected from these labs using the standard MQTT protocol as well as the other protocol to feed into this hardware environment. We also set up virtual on top. So that's on top of the virtual layer, we have a Hadoop for batch processing, including some of the Hadoop ecosystem tools. We also have, you see the NAS cameras. You could see the video feed coming in. And same video feed is also ingested into an offshore store. We also have a MongoDB. So that's the heart of this demo I'm going to show later for the data store part. Then on top of that, we have two destinations showing in the picture. So on the left, that's the on-prime environment, native hybrid cloud. That's a solution we built for our customers for on-prime management in cloud-native environment. On the top right, that's the public service in Peeltoe Cloud Foundry and Peeltoe Web Services. Then on the top left, we also support some of the public cloud services depending on the use case we built. So we use Microsoft Azure for the POC. So one of the demo we built is to build a customer 360 profile with license detection. So when imagining a bank scenario, when the customer walks into the parking lot and such video feeds pick up by the surveillance camera and they analyze basically the license plate and that license plate is associated with the banking customer, then we could quickly recognize the high-profile customer. Then by the time he walks into the door, we will show them the different promotion depending on his history with the bank. So that's basically the environment. All right, so to start, so our data scientists have created this app originally. It's running on our environment and it uses the Shiny R, which is a very popular visualization dashboard in our environment. And such a dashboard is running basically on his laptop. Then eventually he made this app running on Shiny web as well as also near the edge, but still it's monolithic architecture. The services still basically just some CSV file he put in to analyze the data. He changed it later into MongoDB, but still it has lots of issues as monolithic application architecture like it's slow to load and also difficult to manage. So originally our plan was to use a customized R build pack to push this app to pillow cloud foundry. There are many R build packs you could find on GitHub. We use this build pack show on the screen and you can go to this link to check it out. But I'll show some problem as well as the benefits of using customized build pack in the next slide. So first of all, these are some of the benefits of using customized R build pack. Not necessarily just R, but in general the customized build pack, basically they design for containers. So you could easily move apps to the cloud foundry environment. It's friendly to our users. So a lot of data scientists, at least half of the data scientists uses R for programming and analytics. So it's very friendly to them. They don't need to talk to the developers. They could just figure out how to push the app to the cloud foundry themselves. And finally, for the build pack, since they designed, like the build pack I showed previously, it's designed for container, not just for cloud foundry, but also for hero cool. So the apps, chances are that these data science apps could run in both environments. But that being said, there are a lot of challenges using customized R build pack as well. So first of all, there are a lot of version compatibility issues. So certain libraries don't work together. And it's difficult to figure out for the end user until they push the apps to the cloud. Then there will be lots of difficulties to move that and change the version compatibility, different versions. It's just a headache. Second of all, that's even a bigger one, the staging time. So by default, I think the cloud foundry staging is only 15 minutes. But when you use a build pack, like a customized R build pack, the installation of the base R package, installation of all the R dependency libraries, all included in the staging time. So chances are, most of the time, you will exceed this staging time threshold 15 minutes. Of course, you could do the export in the CFL staging timeout as well as the startup timeout. But it's just a pain. They have to remember doing that. And third one, it will result in a very bulky app. Because even a simple R dashboard app, you will have to install the R package as well as all the dependency libraries. Even if you only use a few lines from a dependency library, you still have to install the whole thing. And some of the dependency libraries are pretty big. So a lot of times, after we finish staging the app, the drop plate is over 1 gig. So it's just bulky. Then lastly, for certain technologies, it doesn't work with cloud foundry. So one example is the JDK. So cloud foundry, it doesn't support OpenJTK, period. You could work with JRE with cloud foundry. But JDK is no goal. Second law, we found another problem is that with this OpenMP, which is OpenShort's massive parallel processing paradigm that developers could use to run processes parallelly. But I think it's because cloud foundry natively, you could use the CF scale to paralyze your apps. So probably because of that, cloud foundry disabled OpenMP. So if our apps uses OpenMP as well as the libraries, even the dependency of your libraries uses OpenMP, you will get the error when you do the CF push. It's saying something like OpenLT, the container doesn't work with OpenMP. And we show that some of these libraries that basically uses either the JDK as well as OpenMP technologies. And you could see some of them are very popular libraries, like this R Java on the top. Mallet is a very popular machine learning libraries. Then R Mongo, so basically that's the goal to library if you want to access MongoDB with the R. And on the bottom, Markov chain, that's also a very popular library for building Markov chain for machine learning. So basically, because of these reasons, we decide we're not going to do the customized R build path, at least not at the production level. So another direction is to stick with the official CF build path. In this example app, I'm going to show it uses the Python build path. And it works with Python 2. You could change it to Python 3 easily. It also runs local hosts as a starting point. Then testing in PCF Dev, then finally push it to the on-prem PCF public web services. All right, so in the first scenario, running on local hosts, you could see down the table, we use the language Python 2. So you could also do anaconda Python 2, either one is fine. If you want to change to Python 3, you have to create a runtime.txt in your app directory, then point it to Python 3 so that the build path knows which version Python to use. Then secondly, you could create this requirements.txt to explicitly list which libraries as well as the version you want. And this is highly recommended as long as your app is handed by over one person. Then there's no endpoint logging. Then dependency, basically, I use the anaconda virtual environment. You could also use just the virtual end for the version control as well as different virtual environment for Python. And they also use the local Redis service for some of the caching. So you don't keep curing your MongoDB database. Then the star command, I use the bokeh. It's a very popular Python visualization library. It runs both as a just like snippet produce an image, or you could run it entirely as a bokeh server. Then finally, the app URL is the local host. Then second, in the PCF dev, we switch to the Python build path. And you can see that Python building build path will handle all the dependency libraries as long as you define the requirements.txt file. It's very easy to do the cf push. For the endpoint, you do the typical cf login to the local PCF dev instance. Then when you do the dependency, you have to create a service. So first of all, you've got to make sure the Redis service is included. If you just go with the default PCF dev, chances are that this P Redis is included in your instance. So you could just do a cf create service, P Redis to create this service instance. We call it IoT underscore Redis. That's this part. Then one difference is in the proc file. You have to define proc file for PCF dev as well as PCF. This is the file that you list the starting command so that when your app gets pushed, PCF or PCF dev knows which command to run. So in this proc file, since we use bokeh, we just use this bokeh command to start the server. And you could see that there's some difference. So in the local host scenario, you give port A0, A0. And this part, you could change it to A0. It could keep it A0, A0, or you could just use the dollar port. Then this one, allow WebSocket origin. This is an important part. So I pointed to the final URL, this app's gone around. Technically, you could switch this to just a wild card, just a star. But that will oppose the security leak. So when you run a web app, whenever you want to update data and update your application, you will use the WebSocket to update that. Then if you allow WebSocket connection from any URL, then your application will oppose to basically the denial of service attack. So because of this reason, I highly recommend you to explicitly list the URL in the WebSocket origin URL for your app. Then the address lists whatever address you want your app to run on to listen. So I give it 0, 0, 0, 0. So that means that any address this container runs will use that IP for the listening request. So that's pretty much it for the second one. Then the third one is the Pivotal Web Service. The major difference here is the port. You could see that I use this port over here, 4443. That's because Pivotal Web Service changed the default WebSocket port, which is 4443. They changed it to 4443. So if you don't explicitly list the 4443 port, then your app basically won't work. It won't update data, et cetera. Another difference is that for Pivotal Web Service, it uses the Redis Cloud as the plan name for Redis. So you have to change from PRedis to Redis Cloud. You have to also provide a plan detail. In this case, I go with the free tier 30 megabytes. So those are basically the two major difference. Another thing is that because I listed the WebSocket to 4443, you have to access the app at 4443 as well. All right, so with that said, I'm going to show you a demo. Hello? Sorry, I have to stand a little taller. Yes, so here I have my app here. Listen, this is the directory of my app local for app one. Can you see the screen while, by the way, especially from back? OK, great. Yes, so first of all, I'm going to go with this command. So I want to show you one thing before I start the server. So you have to give this environment variable. You basically just set up some system environment variable. So this is the Windows version I put in BAT. And the Linux version is the export. So you have to set these variable up to tell the app which MongoDB instance to connect. Yes, so then inside your application, you access these variable names to get the data. So that's the local host scenario. All right, so I'm going to execute this command. So now you see this app is running on local host. Then here, let me go to the demo gateway. And you see all the devices available in the demo room. And you can also go to this nest to see what's really there. So this is the demo room. So let's see, for example, I go to this zone. This is another app we built for just on the edge side. Then so that we could allow low latency. So let's say if I go to the pilot, it's factory pilot. So in the video, you could see it's right here. Right now it's off. Now let's say if I go to the same pilot in my app locally, then I choose control bits. I'm going to increase, let's say, 17 minutes. So right now you see it's a zero because it's off. You can also see here, this is the app on the edge side. Let's say I change it to green. See, there's some latency, but you see the pilot turns on screen right now. I'll give it a few seconds so that my app could pick it up. So in this app, I update every 15 seconds. There's a little latency. I intentionally did 15 seconds so we don't access the database too frequently. Imagine that this app is going to stay in the cloud, away from the edge. So there will be some latency issues. We don't want to update too frequently. But you see that after a few seconds it pick up the control bit is now at four. And this is the same number here, color number four. Now let's go change it to red. See, now it becomes red. And after a few seconds, this app will pick up as well. The red color is, by the way, is one. So the number will change to one after a few seconds. And this is the Bokeh library I use for visualization. So it includes all the functionality of Bokeh. For example, I could do the wheel zoom. I could pan it. Then let's say if I'm fine with this and I could just save it so that it saves into a static image that I can view later, I'll share with my colleagues. Yeah, so basically you see this app is now picked up. All right, so that's local host. Now let's take a look at what's for the PCF depth. I'm just going to play a video because it takes a long time to start the PCF depth virtual box image. So first of all, you see this. I targeted the local PCF depth, logging as a user pass to the default org and space. Then I go to the CF marketplace. So you see right now we have the P reddits on the bottom of the list in the marketplace. So I create a service. P reddits, now I call it IoT underscore reddits. So you see now the service gets created. Then I go to my app directory. I have a requirements.test list, the dependencies. I have manifest, the YAML, as well as the app directory. And this is the content of the manifest YAML. Of course, I hate the logging credentials and such. But once you replace them with the real credential, then you can do the CF push. This is the profile. So as I mentioned, you could do the dollar port. And this is the host web socket. And this is the address the app's going to list for requests. So after this is all done, we could take a look at the requirement.test and do the CF push. So finally, we just do a simple CF push because we have the manifest. All right, so we will call it IoT app one. Then it will basically create the container, run through the entire building the app and pushing the app. Now this stages to basically install all the dependency at listing in the requirements.test. Yes, so this part also install all the dependency library of my dependency libraries. Then eventually, I upload the droplet. So now my app is running in the cloud. So I could go to my web GUI to log in as admin and then check my app status as well as running the app. So this is the same app.  So finally, I'm going to show how we push the app to PILOT web service. So I'm in my app too. So this is a fancier app. So I took the original app one. Now I add some CSS style as well as the JavaScript libraries. Then let's take a look at the manifest. So this is the manifest for app two. It's very similar to what you've seen previously for PCF Dev scenario. So in my directory, first of all, I make sure I'm targeting the right instance. So you see I'm targeting the PILOT web service endpoint. Now let's basically do a simple CF push because I already updated my manifest. Make sure it works as well as the requirements.txt. So let's do a CF push. OK, see now we are creating this app IoT app two at port 4043. That's the name. But the final app is going to run at iotapp2.cfapps.io at this URL. You see this is very similar to PCF Dev in terms of pushing the app. A little difference is that you see the build part is basically accessing some temporary directory for getting some of the base packages. So now that's the requirements text. That's the dependency library. You see it installs a lot of more libraries because a lot of them define as dependency for my dependency library. So it goes to all the iterations. And now it's uploading Droplet. Yeah, it's now starting the app and finally it's running. So I could do the CF apps, make sure it's listening. So you see now this app is started. And you could go to this URL I mentioned earlier. Make sure to add the 4443 port number. And it's at HTTPS. So now it's the app too with some styles. And you could go to, for example, let's say demo lab. I'm going to go to the motor and change it to check the RPM. So right now you see this is the motor RPM. So it's from 0. Now it's 500. So let's go to the same one. That's this motor, demo room motor. So you see it's running. And let's say right now it's 500. I'm changing to 250 and let's see what happens. So you see now the speed gradually will decrease. So that's pretty much it. This is the customer 360 app I mentioned earlier. So I'm not going to show the detail, but basically we mimic this scenario as a customer walking into the bank and then immediately such information like license plate is picked up by the bank to highlight who he is and also what he's spending habits. So they could do the target marketing. All right, so here are some of the next steps at my company. So first of all, we will extend the IoT use cases. We're also creating deep learning use cases. One thing we work is create this GPU as a service for Kilo Cloud Foundry. Then we also work working on the edge computes. Come back tomorrow, I think my colleague Barton George has a talk on edge edge foundry. So you will learn what we have done and what's planning on the roadmap. And finally, of course, we're going to design the next gen IoT solution. In fact, yesterday, Michael Dell announced that at Dell we will spend $1 billion for the next three years just for IoT investment. All right, and you could come talk to me after the session. I don't think we have time for FAQ, but make sure to talk to me when you have any questions. Thank you.


Good morning, and welcome to the second annual IOM NGO Humanitarian Consultations. Unfortunately, I'm really sorry I cannot be with you in person, because I have a lot of prior engagements in China on my annual trip, but with the aid of technology, I wanted to be able to welcome you here today personally. I want to say good morning also to Nan, I'm talking about Nan Buzard, Iqba Executive Director and our good friend, who I understand is joining me in this opening session. I'd like to thank you Nan for your continued engagement, and in particular for working with us on this event for a second year running. I'm pleased to see that some of the key issues that I know are important to Nan are also being discussed today. These include, first of all, moving beyond categories to ensure that humanitarian assistance is really accessible to everyone, irrespective of status, and secondly, the need to change the toxic narrative increasingly evident in many societies. I would like to focus my own reflections today on three themes around the letter N. First of all, the needs of those affected by crises. Second, the narrative on migration. And thirdly, the nexus, the coming together of humanitarian and development communities. First of all, the needs. As you know, we're living in a world with the greatest human mobility in recorded history. This includes many, unfortunately too many, who are fleeing conflict and persecution. But the complexity of these mobility patterns means that we have to adopt a needs-first, rights-based approach to life-saving assistance for all vulnerable migrants, regardless of status. So this is my first N, needs. Our refugee status is a central aspect of ensuring protection. We must also acknowledge that other migrants also need protections under human rights and other relevant law. They too have immediate needs that need to be addressed. The September 19 high-level event is our opportunity together to reinforce this commitment to the protection of the rights of all migrants. Closely linked, of course, is our accountability to those we protect and assist, which you will be exploring in much more detail later today. AAP was a hot topic at the recent World Humanitarian Summit, which I attended. The second theme is narrative. Another central challenge is that of changing the increasingly negative perception of migrants, including those displaced by crises, which brings me to my second N, the narrative. Xenophobia can undermine social cohesion between displaced communities and their hosts, and it makes it harder for all of us as humanitarians to respond to the needs and uphold the rights of vulnerable migrants. The media have a pivotal role to play in combating xenophobic reactions and fears. They are central in shaping or reshaping the public discourse. Can we help the media to strike a better balance between the negative reporting on migration issues, with reporting on the overwhelmingly positive contributions of migrants to the economy and social fabric of host countries and the critical investment migrants make back home? The Secretary General's intention to launch a global campaign to counter xenophobia is one which we at IOM fully support. During these consultations, I am hoping that you will explore how we can mutually amplify our impact, given our shared objective of changing the toxic narrative on migrants and migration. Thirdly, reconciling the humanitarian development at Nexus is a concern to all of us, and is my third and last N. The steadily rising cost of humanitarian action, particularly as displacement becomes increasingly protracted. Displacement has triggered renewed efforts to bridge the gap, with resilience-based approaches resonating with both humanitarian and development actors. IOM's own efforts to transition between relief and development are evident both in policy and in practice. We see human mobility as a potentially critical component of resilience. Mobility, including flight from danger, is intrinsically linked with the drive to improve circumstances, conditions, and opportunities, all of which are essential building blocks of resilience. I look forward to hearing feedback from your exchanges later today on reconciling the humanitarian development at Nexus, and some pragmatic examples of how this works in practice. To conclude, I deeply believe that partnership is central to achieving our shared goal of assisting and protecting those most affected by crises. Let us grasp this opportunity to deepen and strengthen our partnerships, and better respond to the needs of the people we serve. I fully support this humanitarian dialogue and the important work all of you do, and I hope that today's discussions will be fruitful.


presented by your local forward stores and Meredith with news of Glaber Torres testing positive. What is the Yankees plan moving forward at shortstop right now? Well Bob tonight Gio or Shella gets the nod at shortstop. We saw him play short one other time this season. Aaron Boone has said time and time again. He feels confident anytime Gio has a glove anywhere in the infield. So look to him to see a lot of time at short with Glaber Torres out. Also noteworthy Miguel and Doohar has been recalled. He's playing third tonight. Also they have Tyler Wade on the bench. He's a guy that can fill in at shortstop. We know DJ LaMahieu could move over to third if need be there. So the Yankees do have some options when it comes to the infield. But as you mentioned, the Yankees are now up to eight positive COVID tests and Aaron Boone spoke a little bit about what it's been like over the last few days trying to manage the situation. Certainly unexpected, you know, obviously I think everyone major league baseball that, you know, everyone that's in charge of the testing is obviously looking into that and, you know, the variance that that could be out there. And, you know, if that is indeed the case. So yeah, just try and do as best we can, you know, keep our guys healthy, safe and and and people were were surrounded with and just trying to do the best we can, you know, as things continue to trickle in right now. We're dealing with obviously a ton of moving parts and and things continued unfold in house. So we're just trying to get our arms around that and handle it the best we can and and take take the guidance from major league baseball from the doctors that, you know, we deal with and and just trying to do the best we can with with our situation right now and kind of our our world that we live in on a daily basis. So no, I mean, I I understand the move towards normalcy. I've started down that road a little bit as well. Obviously, we've been rocked here the last several days. So just trying to handle it and as best we can. We're adjusting and rolling. It's added some extra work, but we're happy to be in a position we are, which is, you know, for the most part, almost everybody fully vaccinated and therefore better protected despite, you know, what's occurred here this week. Cash, could you imagine after the team does get vaccinated that you would have this type of an outbreak with guys testing positive, especially some that have already had coronavirus as well in addition to a vaccination?  It's not fully protection, you know, the percentages. But the one thing I take from this is I believe the vaccine is working. You know, we've got eight positives and seven of the eight presented as as without symptoms. So without the testing, you wouldn't even have known. And then the one that did present thankfully now until 11th case is symptom at and symptom free. And Brian Cash, moon went on to say they are optimistic that the Yankees are getting on the other side of this. This is the first day that they did not receive any new positive tests. And while he said he understands that some could still develop, he feels as though the team is heading now in the right direction. And just speaking to players over the last couple of days, they mentioned how the testing and worrying about this heading into game certainly has been a strain. But once they get on that field, it's almost like business as usual. It kind of takes them away from everything that's happening with the team in regards to COVID.


So we are at Carbon Steed, the bike painting and carbon fiber repair expert in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, and I have two Els Falloth Evo frame sets with me about to get examined. But first of all, for those of you who follow the channel and perhaps have been getting a little bit irritated with how long this whole project has taken, the bike review of the Els Falloth Evo frame set, can I please give you a little bit of context first? So here she is, the production model I will be reviewing on this channel very shortly with a custom paint job based on an old Porsche 904 color scheme and I've pimped her up for the time being with some 69 millimeter rims and some 30 millimeter tires and in this box here we have the original frame that I got sent for review back in February this year, but this was the pre-production model that had some issues with it. So I thought we'd take this pre-production frame in to see Garret Carbon Steed and on our way down there we're going to pick up another frame. So after the pre-production shambles I obviously decided to continue on with this project with Els sending me that custom painted Porsche frame set you saw earlier, but to be expected I received some criticism and rightfully so in fact I'll pull up this comment chain and this was under one of my Els posts, it sort of summarizes the general sentiment well some people think that I shouldn't bother with the project anymore, some people think that I should continue on with it and one person despite the condescending tone throwing a fair and reasonable idea out there finish this project off the same way that you started it. So that's where we're going now, I ordered a frame anonymously on the 6th of March 2023 so I'm just out the front of my weathers now. Thank you very much. You're very welcome. We've got one stop before we get to Gary's and that's to see Aaron. Hello. Hey Ken. Now before we get into the meet here can I please say if you decide to jump off this video before the final summary where I have statements from Els and also a senior engineer at a mainstream bike company you will simply be uninformed so this is the first time in my five-year history on YouTube that I really encourage you to stay to the end. Visual inspection. I mean it looks the same as the other one but again there's just an external visual look at it. This looks a bit different than your one. It looks like there's like a high fill. So remember the first one you had and the seat post wouldn't go in and then the second one you had this was fixed from the prototype but honestly it's got bog you know like a car filler on the top of there and then this area here on the top is a bit rougher the peeling and the bottom bracket shell so a lot of that is to do with the bladder that goes inside and they've just ripped the bladder out and it's probably pulled the resin or the top surface resin with it but again get carbon specialist to look at it and then your cups or the actual manufacturing of the bottom bracket area they're not the same thickness all the way around so the here you all think this varies a lot. Yeah so if you look up inside the frame there's a huge piece like a strip of like a it looks like glue obviously you don't need that excessive weight it's not already a heavy bike right it's one of those things with this one no you win some and lose some between the two frames I don't like this again not that it necessarily matters but look at the the lower section here is that bearing seat so it's all crumbling away yeah that's pretty poor that's not as good as your one there's lots of pitting there if you're going to go to Gary I'd get him to check all that because it looks though it hasn't been compressed properly we're at my new premises in Maroochador sunrise drive just off the motorway so it's super easy for you to access as you know now you're heading down to brizzy so you're going to pop in pop out so next up we've got Gary carbon steve but while I head down there I did ask Wes about his thoughts made it all started off well he got back to us fairly quickly after your order and then the free bars which is great yes and responding to everything really quickly up front but then obviously the frame started taking a while to come and we're expecting it within about a month and after about six or seven weeks we chased him up and from that point onwards just the advice we were getting didn't really match up so I'm going to quickly jump in here with some additional context putting on my elves hat apparently they moved their manufacturing facilities during our ordering process creating issues in their supply chain and the poor old Australian distributors being caught in the middle of what became a bit of a shit show I've now put on my consumer hat I've paid you my money you said it was going to be 15 days so where is my frame he was telling me that it would be on its way at the end of the week and then we wouldn't hear anything for two weeks I think we're what over three months from when it was three months when we measure the thickness of the steerer tube it comes up as two millimeters which is exactly what I'd expect with the micrometer pre-production but it's not fantastic it has evidence of delamination and stuff inside it but you know you get that from time to time but this little fella here with what it looks to be half carbon and half fiberglass how do you know that well you can see the outsides black if you put these two together you can see that one's carbon all the way through this one here appears correct yeah so bike companies will often put a layer of fiberglass on the inside of their cheap low-end bikes or the other thing they'll do is maybe if they want to isolate aluminium from carbon to stop galvanic corrosion they may have a layer of fiberglass okay but you know when we measure that it measures yeah it's all over the place yeah 0.8 0.7 which kind of suggests you've got a whole heap of delamination and stuff in there and um yeah this is not I wouldn't consider that a good steerer tube so that's your pre-production one pre-production one but just you know looking it doesn't look terrible you know this is where I question where it would be all over the place and it is you don't for a minute think that that's 0.6 thick yeah it shows signs of delamination and there's there's not many frames you can go completely around if I know delamination well that looks like they learned from what you were saying about the seat post because you can see in there somebody's that's not out of a mold you know that's been sanded and finished and somebody's checked the measurement and everything when we spray a bit of solvent see the the white resin in there right in the edge there I can't give you a rock solder but it looks like there's fiberglass in there yeah they got when they're gone through you you often see that when you drill through carbon you can often break the back layer out that's what that is so I don't believe it's anything to do with a mold can you see it at all in there it's even like you drill through a piece of wood and you'll see the back of it splinter out same thing yeah is this the same brand because I don't keep up with all the frames you bring me is the one I said that was really good oh this that's what I'm saying to you it says it's almost too nice you know for a mass produced type thing yeah because it doesn't look the same hey yeah and then just yeah like you just look around the surface of that and that would be a bond in piece but it's just rough you know if I'm buying a carbon bike I want a carbon bike because obviously you're going to cut the steer down we can chop it open and have a little look ski and here's what I just chopped off this morning this was off a canyon fork and you can see the differences between them and we'll head upstairs okay we're going to slice these open and have a look inside okay so not scientific I know but I don't know if you noticed how much harder the canyon wants to cut through I put the mask back on and we'll grind back down you know you can clearly see the inside of that and compare to that and in all honesty if someone's going to save weight and money it's the canyon one and I don't know if you picked up on the camera when we broke through the fiberglass into the carbon it's just flicking off you know so they don't stick particularly well together so that's where you would get a d-lam reading can I see fiberglass strains no I strands no I can't do I believe it's fiberglass yes I do yeah is that carbon yes it is yes so immediately after seeing Gary we're surprisingly the focus shifted from the pre-production frame to the anonymous frame I purchased I contacted elves asking for clarification because this goes well and truly beyond my pay grade here's what they said all fork steers have fiberglass our Evo did have white fiberglass but we now have changed it to black all brands have fiberglass in their fork steerer now I took the cap off this special one they sent me and that has fiberglass in it too so things are adding up now the question is why the inner wall of the fork steerer needs to be reamed so all brands fork add the fiberglass on the inside of the steerer because the carbon fiber is too hard it cannot be reamed fiberglass is soft and can be reamed now the speculated fiberglass that Gary thought he identified in the seat tube area elves are saying they don't put fiberglass in their frames it just goes in the steerer so after this sentiment from elves I started to do some googling and I found this forum where someone is sharing his top of the line Ridley fork which has a very similar look to it so I'm really starting to question is this common fiberglass in the fork steerer so I started to ring around because Gary was still adamant particularly after he went and reinvestigated his pile of forks he's got upstairs that he only sees fiberglass in the cheaper stuff so after ringing around for a few days I felt like the information that I was getting was I feel the right word for this is ambiguous I just couldn't really figure out was it common was it not what's the deal with it and then I got an email back from a senior engineer at a big bike company and this seemed to clarify things for me and articulate them in a way that I feel like I can share it with you so here's what he said if stiffness to weight is your primary design target then the use of glass fiber he calls it same as fiberglass does not make sense if you are looking to make an economic carbon fork then glass fiber can replace carbon fiber at a lower cost with equal strength now beside the direct structural behavior there are the following reasons and there's three of them why the use of glass fiber can make sense number one on traditional forks the inside of the stirrer is typically machined to fit the expander plug often glass fiber is used in the area of machining as it's easier to machine and cheaper when machined off reason number two this is going pretty deep now woven cloth carbon or glass is used on the surface to even out local stress concentrations as glass fiber is available in finer cloth and especially cheaper in this processing method glass fiber is used instead of one K carbon woven cloth and number three and this is the one that Gary was alluding to earlier and I feel like this is story time with Kamnikul's galvanic corrosion whenever we have permanent alloy inserts in the frame there needs to be glass fiber in direct contact with the metal part otherwise there is a risk of galvanic corrosion over time and inserts getting loose we're almost done therefore we apply fiberglass with all metal inserts that are permanently bonded into the frame and are not held by a pure mechanical fixation there you go so this rabbit hole I've just brought you along on just goes to show that not all frames and forks are created equally and the use of glass fiber or fiberglass is perhaps more common than you think for me as a consumer and I'd love to hear your thoughts below I just wish brands would tell us on their website am I buying a full carbon frame or does it have fiberglass in it I think that would help this situation a lot but irrespective of all this from a riding experience perspective this bike actually has some great qualities which I look forward to sharing with you in the review video coming soon


one second i'm focusing okay i am now focused very recording hello who are you great and what is this interesting and what does it do it measures the spectrograph it takes a spectrograph of different kinds of liquids here the samples the light that will shine through a slit and then there will be a grating inside in this case a cd disk that will record its findings to the computer great and we want to test the sample take one for instance this is uh oil the polluted mineral oil we can so so when you put it here i'm looking at the screen at the same time yeah so that's that's the spectrometer of all the these are almost all the colors that absorb everything about the right you mean yes i see and you're saying it's also a fluorospectrometer so what do you mean by fluorospectrometer well actually and what is this button as well oh this adjusts the brightness and intensity of the bulb so you can adjust the you and you can change the bulb if you understand you have different bulbs so this is a okay so you can actually change the bulb and change it often and change the intensity that's wonderful and we're going to see if the bulb fluoresces so we're going to use a 405 nanometer purple laser to identify yeah so we're going to use olive oil for test and then we turn it on we get nothing on the screen because it doesn't really fluoresce so there's nothing that fluoresces no in olive oil no it doesn't but so so this is normal yes okay that's that's great okay so now you've explained what is a spectrometer and a fluorospectrometer and you build this device yourself with the with the class with your comrades what's next uh we're going to ship this in percent called public labs they will have a lot of different spectrums there different kinds of oils different kind of liquids acids gases different kinds of balls etc that's great thank you so much and the last image i put the spectrum back so i put it back that's the spectrum from the hong kong harbour school


What's up Los Angeles, California? It's David Wong, the one and only master of Chi energy. Here's the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to meet me in person in my meeting greet on Friday 1 p.m. in Hotel Ziggy in West Hollywood in LA, California. So I'm looking forward to see you there. Make sure you get your tickets. There's limited spacing, so go get your ticket now and I see you at the Hotel Ziggy one o'clock. Make sure to go to my profile and click the link, usethechi.com. Click it, go to Eventbrite and get your free tickets. Use the Chi in Prosper.


How is feeling like Susanna this morning? I don't want to put up my hand because Juzini mejuwa Senje ina Mensha Andy So this song is confusing me but it looks really, really good. Thank you Sauti so for blessing us like you do. Oh my gosh, thank God it's Friday, thank God it's Valentine's Thank God Valentine's is on a Friday, thank God for being alive Thank God for Wai in the Morning, thank God for Y254 and that's what you can find us on Facebook, Y254 Y254 channel on Twitter, hashtag is social Friday, Wai in the morning Valentine's Edition Now as you can see I wish you could get your credit card by the way Nisemi tu ne mimi nili bai but see mimi, okay? No, in fact in my natural state I don't think I would pull this out of Iraq but it looks fantastic and we have with us the CEO of Kiafrika because she came last week on Friday we had to have her again for Valentine's Hi, how are you? I'm good, thank you, how are you today? Always looking amazing, I'm good Thank you Let me tell you, Niliyona Rika Shangakwa this color is not something I would pick I like bright, bright things but it looks so good There's a bright flower at Valentine's so I decided to put it for you there so that you look so bright Man, thank you, it's like you know me Yeah Wah, okay So first maybe introduce yourself and then we can get to what I'm wearing Hi, my name is Fosya See Continue Oh, my name is Fosya, CEO of Kiafrika Today it's Valentine and we are here to search you with your wares today Yeah, yeah How can we find you on Digi social media? On social media find us on Kiafrika 254 Hashtag Kiafrika 254 on Instagram Kiafrika 254 on Facebook So we have a couple of pictures for you to see just in case you are doubting her powers can you just see how she keeps transforming me I'm even surprising myself Guys, hashtag is social Friday Okay, should I stand so that you tell me what I'm wearing Yes, you can Okay, so I'm about to stand guys, okay Standing, standing Right, so what am I wearing What can you tell us about the outfit? So today Valentine is wearing a sequined dress It's a party dress Today it's Friday It's Valentine day So I wanted her to look the party for the day It's a little touchy, sparky and the flower in it That's like a representation of love, Valentine's day I didn't want it to be too strong I just wanted the dress to be subtle and then I think it serves the day after this you can go and party Friday You know, my favorite thing about the whole outfit is I like Valentine's This is just me But I don't want to wear red like if it's a mask Kilamtona kanya nyata awiya bature red Ya, and I really like that this it's not red but there is a little bit of Valentine's somewhere I like how it's quite loose-ish over here and this thingy over here What was happening? What was the idea behind it? The style folds in it The looseness is to make you feel comfortable for the day You know, sometimes you don't have to wear too tight clothes for you to look beautiful in them I like the fact that you it's spaced out the dress so well and it looks nice on you without having to without having to make it too tight on you Once in a while you can do a small belt on it if you feel gali and all that And I can see something happening Oh, isolated sleeves That was an idea to make the dress look unique to give you a different look from the common dresses that you would find most of the time I don't know why I have never seen a dress like this in the same way I do in the Vanguards How are you doing? How are you doing? I'm good How are you? I'm fine, I'm fine How are you doing? I'm fine, I'm fine I'm fine, I'm fine I'm fine, I'm fine I'm fine, I'm fine I'm fine I'm fine I'm fine, I'm fine Ya, this is a separate belt on it to make it look somehow office for the day and if I wanted to go out in it I'd still pull it off I can see something on the arms What's going on? Oh, this has straps because it's a baggy sleeve I wanted it to look like a design on it so that's why I put the ruffle straps on it What I like about this it's conservative Exceptionally sexy You can wait at the office and I feel like I'll never end out and I'll pay for it Hi, DJ Spencer How are you? My love song too My love song too I want to cut your dance But before you do that where do we get you on social media? Facebook DJ Spencer IG Spencer.vj and Mixed Zangus YouTube Mixed Crowd Yes I want to cut your dance What's your name? What's your name? Amando What's your name? Ya, that's all I wanted to say Alright, so at Itzbari Mo is wearing something from her creation as well I cannot see him but he will come himself on set and he will be doing a couple of things including reading our social media pages but before we get to that Again, remind us where we can find your store You can find our store along Tomboya Street Located at Star Mall Shop C6 on third floor We also have a ready-made store like we have ready-made clothes you can buy and go on Sawa Mall Shop B10 third floor Sawa Mall Shop B10 on third floor Stairs 2.30 No, no, that's kwa mingi Can I lift? Can I lift? Save it! All these times I've been taking the stairs there's been a lift I see you coming in I see you coming in Don't take Like last time I don't know what last time was like I guess he's back Okay So we're talking about I'm scared of you now Stop talking Please do the talking for him So Barry today has worn it's a simple shirt with a pocket square on it I'm sure after this he will want to go out take someone and someone out So this is a simple look for the day It's not so flashy for him but you're comfortable in it today Do you like it? I've never been this comfortable Oh, you're welcome in advance So this is a simple look for him He can look the day Like you come to the office and no one will like look at you like oh you're too overdressed and all that The thing is I like giving someone a simple look and they're comfortable in it So this is a man-shirt with a pocket square with a little details of the red I didn't want the red to look so screaming we had to pop out because man they don't like screaming stuff Yes, you eat After this Thank you but this is amazing I like it and it fits perfectly and it feels amazing to walk in it even the people have been treating me different today Thank you DJ Spencer Is there a DJ in charge of men's conference? Who is he? Me When did you meet him? When did you meet him? I don't know That's so exciting Alright, so you can continue talking now I've said my piece There's another piece for you to say as it makes its way over here Remember you can find us on Facebook on Twitter Hashtag is social Friday when money, Valentine's Day and any other hashtag that you feel is suitable for here For example, it is lit The show is on fire Hashtag, flavor on flavor Hashtag be DJ Khalifa Naurinke Maluko Thanks Please don't be afraid to like our page and share Tell your neighbors it's going to be okay So our page is Y254 on Facebook and Twitter You can find us at Y254 channel Instagram is Y254 underscore channel and Isoplaces Interact to chat As you can see we're about to sample your feedback and nothing gives me joy So swali likwa simple which love song gives you the chills and what's your name I'm 40 to 40 I'm DJ Khalifa What's your name What's your current favorite love song I think I'm an oldie so I think I'll go for made to love you by Gerard Plove I was made to love you You? What's your favorite love song I'm a little priest I'm a girl I'm not a baby So, what's your name Susanna DJ and Philio Vibre Feel that vibe Just a few minutes ago I was in the hotel in Brown and I was playing Tande That song is really good too Zotazina Zotazina Special dedication Right there So yes, as we line up the feedback that you guys sent us on Facebook the songs that gives you guys chills Remember we are still on Facebook and your views, your comments and suggestions are always invited but yes we addressed courtesy of Kiafrika 254 Kiafrika 254 Alright, so that's what I'm looking at We feel a little bit more of Kiafrika designs over there Is this a wedding Just looks bridal like This was a birthday party for the son What? For her son You are going to Okay Because of a birthday party She looks amazing How long does it take you to make these creations? Usually it takes 2 days minimum and 1 week maximum It depends on the orders that we have By the time a client comes to do their orders So This is This was a Rurashio outfit Like a traditional wedding atta So this thing it really well Yes it's true It depends it's a thing It depends on someone So this is Kente Remember last time when we were discussing about fabrics Actually there is Ankara And then there is There is a category of it That you can call Kente So this kind of print is called Kente I always thought it's the same thing I thought it's Kitenge There is Kitenge Ankara fabrics So this is a different brand of it It's called Kente They come in different patterns Different colors So she wore a ruffle dress At the bottom The little people They are so cute Aww Kankafupi Yes Yes This was a wedding Yes this was a wedding Actually this is a design that came from scratch A client came and they had no idea They wanted a suit They were not sure So it took like 2 months It was 4th and back So we had to Sit down every week Until we got to the idea of them wearing the kaftan Long tops for the men And the fitting trousers Two things about that First I thought it was design And it's amazing to me how it took so long to get something so simple but wonderful It's very effective Sa Alejandro Who are you? We took part in it in our Netherlands It was a runway model Did you come home with him? It's on Pigiasima What's your name Pigiasimu? Namu invite to interview So this is Kente That's a Kente print Patched on a black t-shirt Sorry So it's simple Anyone can dress up Even the fabric looks very comfortable It comforts me Comfort is everything when you're styling Did you spend so many years with your family? We had a lot Wow Mommy and me This is for the family Yes, the family look Yes There's a shirt in the middle This is also Kente I've come to notice like most brides and grooms they prefer Kente because Kente is easy to patch up It's easy to style It's easy to come up with that design Sometimes it's not so screaming So this ones we actually get them from Ghana I mean partnership with a friend of mine She's from Ghana She's a Yaira Afrik on Instagram So she's the one who provides the fabrics for us We come into a partnership where I get fabrics from them because it also depends on my clients there's high quality types of fabrics so this is one of them You surprise me every time you come here Kente I know So We also do suits I really like this vibe So that's a top suit for the lady You can rock it to the office You can go out on a date with it I believe So it's a simple look It's a classy look depending on someone Where is this? It's in Nyeri Now she can iron your diaspora Oh I like this This looks like she's going for high tea It was actually a wedding look Wow So she came up with the idea She wanted something very sassy to attend a wedding So we sat together with her, combined the fabrics So and came up with the design The sleeves are sheer sleeves patched with less patterns on it You can tell a person's personality by what they're wearing So I can tell she's a sassy kind of soul but she likes to also be conservative So she won't show it but she'll give you a technique Yes You have to look through to see it Alright then Hoi So man Nyeri The men are also well represented This is an Ankara coat for the man matched up with a jeans trouser So it's for the men out there I would advise them Ankara is actually looks good So as long as it's nicely well fitted they'll be good to go Apoko well fitted I am seeing the mannequin in the photo But what happens if you just have one very large cube but you want to rock kenta Is that now a body type shape now situation and everything? I believe it's the way of stitching stitching matters and also putting up the patterns really matters to me because if someone comes everyone comes to the shop and they have this fears how will I look but if it's done and I don't like it So that's when you take a client through all the designs all the patterns and explain to them how this will look nice on you Ya This is a simple cut Kima like the yellow It's yellow, it's screaming while you break it down you see the bottom these are patched fabric Mazi nakama embeza kambani This is simple for any day look They queen herself herself full Ya sofie smile Ya sofie Wedding look with Karapajanit at the top part That's what's surprising me because the contrast on the top part of the dress and the nini on the dress I would not have imagined it would look this nice Blocking the patterns Ya in my head it would have looked way too much but now that I see them together it looks amazing So kenta with the normal Ankara material with the skuba material on the bottom This is a combination It's a combination that makes it look perfect well put together Wow We are just going to leave this picture here so that you can understand why she is the CEO because she is also very beautiful and it's very mode Not very much but I'm comfortable I feel sassy I feel very confident today and thank you for treating me different today for how I look and thank you very much for dressing us and yes I don't know if we are going to get to see what they had to say in Facebook Technical difficulties I think the wires are for land tining somewhere Alright But this happens on Valentine's Day Things don't go as planned sometimes but thank you very much for sending your feedback our way and thank you very much for hanging out with us from 7 a.m. all the way till 10 a.m. and it's always a pleasure hanging out with you guys so Mr. DJ Totally for me we can deal with it Sana sana ya Leo Leo by the way Ntakuwa Magnum Lodge kitengel Magnum Magnum Magnum is a very aggressive name Yes and they are modules that can support King's Leap here modules that can cut me foam Zemi, so you heard it straight kuna foam ya modules kuna foam ya Magnum na foam kwa wingi foam kuruka na Apai VY-54 pia kuna foam trako na chiza mixes a VDJ Kalifa mapo 11 kutaka kuchil na bay 2 umtani kutaka kuna mixia Kalifa that you guys can listen to you can find me at 8 by money via social media platform kumara ngingi na watakpata VIP kumtanda Tuna patikana on Facebook KF-254 follow us on Instagram KF-254 na watakpata api Facebook DJ Spencer Ilest Kupisa Instagram spencer.vj Hali maututi na mixia ziko mingi sana Miiba ritu na ito tuval kiniwa na itaun salimia piki ma selfie but you can find me at color miiba on everything in val na pendakalas na kala ya wikona yu I don't know what other color without ayu is but pata na chamber Happy Valentine


I do not forget to follow us and also she made it platforms today We're talking about relationships which takes us to add that question Do you think you should publicly announce about your breakup or should you just keep it private? Let me know what you think in the comment section Well if you announced when you are starting then it's good that your nonsense the end so that we know this place Somebody can take over but if not then I'm gonna do it one day. We don't want to know. We're also in ours As in a day We don't give a dime so Keep it yourself. That one depends You know if first you made it public and the public had a role In your relationship, then you have to make it public because they know because Me and them you are notified like like you're dating. So you should you must tell them second If you didn't make it public mean you want to private Then I couldn't I don't do it because I thought we published not be announced online since our relationship is supposed to be Between two people and your breakup should be between you too The world doesn't care if you're together or not and it will not benefit any of you by announcing it online If you're a celebrity who has been keeping up today keeping like your audience up to date with your Dating life what she do Where you are eating? I think you should tell them because now the audience is connected to you in some sort of way So you told them you're in a relationship. It's all them. Oh my god guys. I'm so in love All that now when it comes to the breakup They need to know that this person is no longer part of your life hence not part of the audience's life anymore But if you're just a person who's not a celebrity, I mean You choose whether to put it or not But if you're celebrity who has been telling us if you if you opted to keep your life private from your love life Private from the start then it's not important to tell us But if you opted to involve us in the relationship now you have to involve us involve us in the breakup And tell us why you guys are broken up because you can just Oh, I'm no longer doing this with this one I think if if you are running a private relationship, which was not also show mediums Then I think keep your breakup to yourself Yeah deal with your breakup how you want to deal with it if you want to post it post it Sure, sure. You're back to the streets. We'll be ready for you ready to welcome you back They can announce it online Because everyone has a We don't move with pressure. Okay, it depends it depends if you guys were dating online If people knew you were a couple and used to just post yourself and you were like an online couple So it's okay if you guys announce your breakup, but if you guys were just private and You have issues that you don't want people to see I prefer private Personally, I prefer private. I'm a private person, but if you guys were an online couple Why not? I don't think you need to announce it online because like, you know, it can be toxic sometimes, but Yeah, I don't think you need to tell everyone, you know, like What's going on in your life day-to-day as for me and I prefer to keep it private through The moment we announce online, people will give you unnecessary opinions that can lead to mental issues Impressions I don't keep it private Social media, you know, you know, so just keep it private You can solve your issues together. Maybe I don't know if I'm going to be able to handle it, but the moment we announce online I don't have to give you unnecessary opinions Start getting your head messing with your mind I prefer to keep it private For sure. Yeah, it's your business like this. No need to hide it out to everyone. So just keep it private Let's say that Couple that's workable social media. They have like some channels and all that I think informing people won't be that wrong But if we are not like for socials People don't need to know that you really have that stress your breakup one or what stress to me as social media So it all depends with the couple come on social. It's okay. Come on. Go for social Just give it to yourself. It is good to to announce your breakup online Because you're opening another opportunity to someone else I think they should keep it to themselves because Dating is something that is very very personal and if you want to if you want to introduce other people to the relationship by Announcing a breakup online, then you should be ready for all the things that come after you do that So yeah, but I think you should just keep it private and go through the breakup and the healing process privately I Feel like if you publicly announced your relationship You should publicly announce the breakup because I feel like a lot of people must have been invested Especially if you're like famous or influential or something like that So you should definitely tell people so that they know if your DMs are free to slide in But if you're not if you did not do that I do not advise because you're definitely going to come out to you like who are you that does not Consoners and stuff like that which takes us to our last question Are you supposed to remain friends with your ex's friends? Let me know what you think in the comment section It's what if I for hashtag and finished don't see the reason why You shouldn't be friends because one you may find maybe The family will be introduced to maybe you want me to introduce to a certain thing you're doing maybe to send me a business Like just keep the relationship still as make a friend as long as That's all it depends on how you break up The terms you break up if it was a bad breakup or a good breakup Since I've heard of people remaining friends after they break up actually becoming best friends Because of the bond they shared over the months or years they were together, but if it was a bad breakup I don't see it happening that you'll be friends with the Let's say this causes family and everything. Yeah, no because they came with them. So they have to live with them Yeah, that's what I think because if you guys are still friends it means that you'll still be updated on your ex and And you guys still have a connection.  It's a relationship between you and your ex It's not between me and your friends So unless you force your friends to leave me Barsi I'm keeping the friends friends with my exes friend family and friends Yeah, if I got a good friend because of you It's just like Meeting you and then knowing you and then you introduce me to Brenda and then I'll get to know Brenda and to become friends When you're out of the equation It does not mean that you have to go in Brenda because of you you made us friends, but now you leave I have a friend because of you go away. I'll keep the friends if you know the family partner for But then if You cannot it can never remain the same So it's very if you just keep it apart Don't go there always blame you for something those people I think it depends on how the breaker was but like if your new partner isn't comfortable with it Then maybe like, you know, you just see like which one you care about more you if you care about the new partner You should let it go but Like nowadays some people like, you know, they can stay friends and it's okay. So it depends No, I don't because if you're breaking contact to them It's unhealthy to remain with some bit because that will only it's like keeping a door open if you're closing it Close it if unless you guys had had those mutuals before you are dating If you guys had those mutuals you can still remain friends But if you only knew them because you are dating that particular person then you are no longer dating that person So let them just remain an acquaintance not your friend yet They should be just someone, you know Yeah, sure we can remain friends with that ex it depends on what the detail of like the weight of that break like Let's say the ex was so toxic like We had very very weird toxic then I think there's no need for a clinician no But if you guys ended in a good time, then you guys can be friends. Let's say that they have that relationship Maybe before me But it was after me I don't see the need to make a channel. So what are you doing together?  No my ex is not allowed to keep in touch with my family and friends reason being Most especially my family if we break up do not try to communicate with my family because I introduced you to my family therefore There's no way you become even getting to my family when we are not together. It would be very very Weird and awkward but to my friends you can communicate with my friends. Maybe you guys need your friendship aside from The friendship that we had with the friends. So yeah with my family. No, but with my friends. It's okay I Feel like these are different relationships and breaking up with you does not mean my life is going to stop We could have had other relationships like business and I don't have any problem contacting them As long as we don't have bad blood, you know, the problem was me and you and not them If anything my ex's best friend could have been my soulmate he never knew we have come to the end of the show Thank you for watching. I am your host eski chunga. See you next time


Ac mae'n gweithio, Steve, yn ymwneud arddangos yllanod y Rhym Aelodau Rhym Cwlau. Mae'n gwneud bod ddweud yr hynny'n cael ei ddyfodol sydd wedi bod dyma'n ddweud o gweithio, gwneud cyfnogi, gwneud yn cael ei ddeimlo, i ddweud o'r ddweud. Mae'n cael ei ddweud o'r deimlo, mae'n ddweud o'r ddweud, Finland, Iceland, Sweden, Wales, Ireland, Scotland, and Ontario. I want to talk a little bit about what we've been saying in these discussions about accountability and also give you my own views about some of the issues. I think there are five basic questions you have to ask yourself about any accountability system. Pretty basic ones and you'll know what they are but it's worth just going through them quickly. First of all, is your system reliable? In other words, if it's an assessment system, is the marking consistent? If it's an inspection, would you get the same judgement with a different set of inspectors? If it's teacher assessment, is it moderated thoroughly and quality assured? So is it reliable? Is it consistent? That's the first question. But it's not the only question because you also have to make sure that it's valid. That the assessment is appropriate for what you're trying to assess. If you want to assess well-being, children's well-being, using an academic examination performance is not going to give you the right approach, it's not going to be valid. If you want to assess whether schools are developing a broad education, just measuring them on examination results is not going to be valid. So it has to be valid as well as reliable. But thirdly, and this is crucial especially for school leaders, it has to be fair. You have to really understand that whatever type of school you're in, it'll be fair. Treat your school fairly. If you have a privileged intake or you have a disadvantaged intake, it will be fair. If you have a lot of children with special educational needs in your school, it will be a fair accountability system. That you can be judged on progress not just on outcomes. This notion of ipsitive or improving on previous best or compared to what you were doing before is crucial to make a fair accountability system. To use a football analogy, Manchester City are a very, very rich club. Clubs like Burnley or Swansea or Cardiff are not so rich. Making a judgment about which is the best run club, who is the best manager, is not straightforward. You've got to compare like with like. In the same, you have to have a fair system comparing like with like in schools. Fourthly, different purposes. Now, you see this mistake being made that some systems try and use the same information that you use in the classroom to give children feedback. I've created it up to a school and I've created it up to a system and think that system would necessarily work. It doesn't necessarily work because there are different purposes, as Steve said earlier. So being clear about the purposes of each set of data is really important. Finally, the one I think is obviously close to your heart here is about consequences. Whenever you have an assessment accountability system and you decide that some things are going to be part of it and some things are not, you will inevitably, especially if it's high stakes, get schools that will focus and prioritise on those things for which they're going to be able to account. It is inevitable. It's going to happen. At the more extreme level, you get gaming going on. And at the very extreme level, you get cheating going on, as we had in United States and some states when they had high stakes testing. Because schools and education are an ecosystem. You can't just interfere with one aspect of it by changing the accountability system and think that nothing else will change. It's an ecosystem. If you start meddling with and impacting on the accountability system, it will have a knock-on effect on the rest of the system. In England, for example, which is a very high stakes accountability system, the number of children who have been off-road, the number of children who start off in year 11 in a school, on a school's register, but don't end up by the end of year 11 on the school's register, has gone up significantly over the last few years. As schools are aware that if you have difficult children who aren't going to perform well, it'll do badly in their overall examination results. And the number of children in PRUs has gone right up in England over the past few years. Now, some of the consequences are harder to spot because it's a complex ecosystem. So you could decide to take the pressure off, reduce the accountability. The profession takes a collective side of relief and a few years down the line academic standards start to decline. That's an option. You could go the other way. We're going to really push the pressure up. You have stronger and stronger high stakes accountability and you find you're putting more and more pressure on students to perform well exams. You get mental health issues, an increasing problem with children's mental health. Or you find it increasingly difficult to recruit and retain teachers. Or you find it increasingly difficult to get head teachers to work in challenging schools. It's an ecosystem. It has unintended consequences. Given a set of criteria, a policy or programme is said to be systemically valid if it results in improvements in one or more valid criteria but without causing significant deterioration in other valid criteria. That's the holy grail. So you get improvements without knock-on negative impact. So back to the Atlantic Rim Collaboratory, we discussed the accountability issues across our nine systems when we met in our summit in Ireland last September. These were the conclusions that we came to. We said that we're clear about different purposes. Don't try and use the same set of data to perform different purposes. We said both big data and small data have their place. So of course it's good for you to know if your school, based on big data, is performing better or worse than other schools. It's good for you to know that one department in your school is performing better or worse than departments in other schools. That's important information for you to know. But big data does not answer these two questions. First question is why is that happening? It doesn't tell you that. It doesn't tell you why one department is doing worse or better than another. It doesn't answer this question either, which is what am I going to do about it? So unless you get into the small data, unless you get into actually what's going on in classrooms, you're not going to have an approving system, you're just going to have a system that's comparing one to the other. So big data and small data have their place. And where small data really comes into its own is in things like peer review, in lesson study, in joint action research, in school self-evaluation, when you're getting under the skin of what's going on. You're actually looking at what's going on in classrooms, you're looking at what's working and what's not working based on evidence that you're observing. You're seeing it happening and you're trying to make judgments based on how to improve what's going on in your school. And that's the power of small data. We also, at the arc summit, we said that consider how to use sampling as a way of working out what's happening over the standards overall across the system. You don't have to gather information from every school and publish it to find out how overall the standards are in your system or your country. Israel is a good example how it uses sampling very well to monitor its overall standard in its system without publishing school-by-school results. The next one we said is that when designing an accountability system involve teachers and school leaders from the outset to help to think through the negative impacts and get it right. It's crucial if you're going to have a good system. And by the way, it's great to see the Welsh Government doing this today with you as secondary heads to help to shape that and be involved in the design of it, not just beyond the recipients of some system that's been developed by officials. Two more points. Consider use of a balanced scorecard which gives a more rounded view of how a school is performing. Ontario are currently looking at this, how they can move from just publishing exam results to publishing a balanced scorecard, a report card for each school. Equally, they're looking at this in California. And then finally, systems need to ensure there's both credible accountability and investment in capacity building. Let me just say something about this. Colleagues, we need to have accountability. We all know this. Huge amounts of money are invested in public sector and in schools. Parents entrust their most precious thing, which is their children, into our care as school leaders. Of course, we should be held to account for how we use that money and how we support those children in our schools.  You get complacency and you end up even getting corruption into the children that lose out. So if you have an accountability system without capacity building, without investing in support and help and training, we'll have a serious problem on our hand in terms of implementation. So at the Atlantic Rim Collaborative, we're saying have credible accountability and have support and capacity building to make it work. And the implementation of this is so crucial. I've been working with Victoria State in Australia around some of these issues. And in Victoria, they've got some great policymakers, really bright people who are great at developing the thinking about what would work. The trouble is it's not having an impact in the schools. It's great in the officials office, but it's not having an impact on the schools. So I shared with them some of the things we know about how to manage change across a school or across a system. There has to be a perceived need to change. So the first question for you in Wales is, do you have an accountability system which needs to change? The second question is, there has to be a compelling narrative. Not just we need to change, but is there something exciting we want to change too? Have you got that compelling narrative that this is what we can all believe in and come in behind? Thirdly, not just done too, but are you invited to participate to shape that? So it's not just top-down. Are you involved and invited to help to make it work? Fourthly, is there peer support and pressure once it's going? So your colleagues are challenging you and helping you to make it work across schools.  And finally, are the consequenters of not doing anything, of ignoring it? That works at school level and it works, of course, across the whole system. So I want to finish with five key aspects of an effective assessment accountability system. And the fifth one is on the next slide in case you're wondering if I can't count. First one then is involvement. It's crucial that you as school leaders are involved in these discussions from the outset. Not just talking about purposes, though that's important, talking about workload, talking about bureaucracy, talking about consequences and unforeseen consequences at the outset. No-one will know better how to gain the system than you, so you should be involved in designing a system that will minimise the negative impacts. But secondly, incentivise school-to-school collaboration. Now I don't know any system in the world that's improving or doing well, though it doesn't really push school-to-school collaboration. But there are some lessons we're learning about this. And one is be wary of making it compulsory. Be wary of making it compulsory. Be wary of making peer review something you have to do. Be wary of being told which groups you have to collaborate with, whether you want to or not. New Zealand tried this in the early days of trying to get collaboration going and found big pushback from the schools. But when they incentivised it rather than required it, they got much stronger buy-in and really some quite important development. So here I think the issue is making it voluntary but inevitable, voluntary but inevitable rather than compulsory. And the second point is equally important. You will never get really strong and deep collaboration if your accountability system is always about each individual school's performance only. You'll never get strong and deep collaboration if your accountability system measures, schools and compares them against each other. Unless you get some accountability, it's about a group of schools, you'll never get deep collaboration. So when you're developing an accountability system, I'm not saying you shouldn't hold schools to account, of course you should. But some of that should be about collective accountability across a group of schools and that's where you'll lead to deeper collaboration. The next one is about sustainability and be wary about quick wind. You probably followed the work of the Centre for High Performance in England which looked at 160 academies in secondary schools in England over five years. And they came up with different types of leaders for these schools and the surgeons were the ones who got the quick winds, almost instant results, focusing entirely on the accountability system. Unfortunately when they left, which they often did quickly, the results went backwards and the school ended up in a worse state than it had been before the surgeon arrived. The schools that had the best leadership and the most sustained improvement were led by people called architects. And interestingly, architects nearly got sacked in the first two years for fearing to make enough impact on the bottom line of results. But long term they got sustainable and long term improvement. So if you have an accountability system that measures the declared success or failure too quickly, that measures it on an annual basis and says your success and your failure, you could be making a big bad decision for how your system is going to run. My own view, a three year rolling average is much more effective and appropriate than making judgments on one year's results. Fourthly, something about capacity building. Michael Fuller and I is a great Canadian writer. You must have heard of him, seen his stuff. He and I wrote a think piece together a couple of years ago on what we're seeing around the world in different systems. And this is what we said. Too often the end result of high stakes external accountability is exhausted, discouraged teachers and leaders stressed on the rack of contract accountability but not given the capacity, the time, the resources or support to make any of this really work. Policy makers are left scratching their heads wondering why change is so resistant to their will. Colleagues, if you go down this journey of accountability, even though it's well thought through, unless you address capacity building, if you're requiring teachers to behave differently, to get into that small data, to do peer review, self evaluation, ongoing research, you have to invest in capacity building and training and support in time to make this work. Otherwise you'll have what we described there. And then finally, colleagues, it's all about leadership because no matter what happens, no matter how clever you are in designing an accountability system, it will not be perfect. And there are bound to be school leaders who say this doesn't quite work for me. It's not exactly a perfect fit for my context. And again, the quote that we got from Michael Fullen was saying in the end, what Michael and I said, in the end, let's not be a victim of external accountability. Let's show leadership at school level and at local level. Here's the quote. The idea is to change the game from compliance as a victim to purposeful focus. It's the responsibility of leaders to shape the culture until that although they take account of external national accountability requirements, which you have to do, of course, you develop an internal collective accountability system that leads to the right outcomes. In other words, no matter what the national accountability system is, you take into account that, but you as leaders make the weather in your own school, in your own context, and you provide strong, clear leadership and an internal accountability system that gets to the right outcomes for your context, for your community, for your children. In the end, I think it's about asking one key question. I want to introduce this question by saying I did a lot of work in Africa over the last few years. Now, when the Masai tribe greet each other, sometimes they don't say hello, sometimes they say, Qasirianingera. Qasirianingera means how goes it with our children. Because the Masai believe, unless it's going well for our children, then the culture is not in a good place. And they don't say how goes it for my children or your children, they say how goes it for our children. When you develop an accountability system, that's the most important question you can ask. How goes it for our children?


Yes, our gentlemen here are in France, second row, France, this row. Please take your where you're from and your question. Hi, my name is Ben Lanz. I'm a journalist for the Financial Times. I just want to ask, over the next year, what do you mean impact to high prices for other grains like corn and wheat is likely to be for rice? Because during the last few prices, there's other grains sold by the first price of the last to go. Do you think that may happen again at the moment given the price of grain and other grains? I'm pretty sure that you will have some impact because other grain and particularly oil prices have moved up to 80-some dollars. But the main thing is the QE from the United States and other wealthy nations that create all of these imbalances. When you print the money with the QE system, the spill holder of liquidity will come to other developing nations. And all of this means you will have high oil prices, you will have high rice prices, high real estate prices. Theoretically, that's the way it is. And I'm pretty sure that this could create high prices for rice because of the QE, which normally we do not relate. Most of the rice trade people don't understand what QE is. But today, to stay in business, you have to understand what QE is and what QE is doing to your right business. I have a question with Dr. Mopati. If I understand you correctly from your presentation, you are projecting the retail rice price in China to a decrease by 60%, something like that, by 2035. Can you help me understand some of the key assumptions you used behind this conclusion? I understand you have two key assumptions. One is the consumption of rice with a decrease with rising income. The other one is the yield will continue to improve. My question is, is there any other key assumptions you used? I think you misunderstood the graph I had. I was looking at some assumptions and they're getting eery rice research. Eery rice research is geared towards improving the productivity. We're assuming if eery rice research contributes 15 kg of paddy a year in all Asian countries, a simple assumption. And over the next 25 years, if that continues by 2035, what would be the impact on retail prices with eery research but without eery research? I'm not talking about the levels. The level of rice prices might be much higher. I don't know. But what I'm saying is if eery contributes 15 kg every year, eery rice research to the yield of Asian rice income, yield. By 2035, the Chinese retail prices would be 15%, 16% lower than what would have happened without eery rice research. So it is mostly talking about the impact of the research on yield and the prices and the poverty and the ekkiness and the environmental impact. In the baseline, we have assumed the ekkiness is going down in China. The per capita consumption is going down. So these are the rice retail prices in the baseline level I don't remember, but it's probably not increasing that much in China. But the 16% I saw just the impact of rice research on prices and poverty and... The rice center. I'd like to congratulate all speakers for a very interesting presentation. I had a comment on a graph shown by Sam, a land team, where you showed many yields in Asia and Africa. I think you should be aware that you can't really compare those situations because in Africa, most rice is grown in an upland conditions. In fact, in Asia, it's like 60% irrigated. If you would compare an irrigated crop in Africa, for example, in the Sahel in Mali, we're saying with an irrigated crop in Thailand, I think the average would be even higher than in Thailand. We're talking about 60% per hectare in San Diego and Mali right now. Pensions are much higher because of high soil irrigation, root soils, and irrigation. So we have to be careful that you compare apples and apples. I agree. I don't think I meant to compare Asia and Africa. What I was telling you is that within Asia and within Africa, there is a gap there which can be closed. Thank you. I'll sit to your panelists. My name is Mark Hillholtz. I'm from South Africa. I'm here as an emerging investor in the rice industry in Africa. My question relates more to my colleague from Thailand, who made a statement saying that Thailand's future in terms of remaining as the major exporter is probably going to diminish over the next two to three decades. From him and from our panelists, maybe some indication of what role Africa would begin to play in terms of meeting other nations on demand, but also becoming a major role play in terms of supplying Asia and South East Asia in particular in the future. What he said is going through in Africa, in Thailand, that the prominence might decline over time, but you need to go back and look at what Abu was here before that what he said about Africa in terms of African rice deeds and what will happen if Africa not producing anything. I agree with that. If Africa not producing anything, I don't think Asia and the country have the ability to completely feed the African population. And I made a comment in my presentation that African production growth has accelerated in the last eight to ten years quite a bit. You can see that their import is kind of stagnant. I believe that somewhere behind the line when all the Asian countries are subsidizing rice production, and that has in fact in terms of what had happened in African production growth. And we see that the last eight to ten years with the rice prices increased, we see that African farmers responding to that and producing rice based on what the market price is. So for me, African can definitely play a role. Also, I would like to point out one more thing I've been telling all over that if we really want to stabilize the rice market, we need to have rice exporters beyond Asia where rice is not a stable commodity, just like all the soybean, we have countries who are producing for the sake of exports so that you know that this particular country is producing and they will respond to the market signal. If the price goes up, they will really stop. The stock will increase the global market. If we want any sort of stabilizers in the global market, rice needs to be produced in many African countries. Who will be producing for the sake of exports? And rice needs to be produced in many South American countries. Who will be producing for the sake of exports? I don't think just producing and exporting by Asian countries is going to keep the market stable in the future. Like I said, the Thai farmers have high margin but poor because they don't have enough land. Why don't you invite them to go to Africa? You know, they would be so happy because then the economy of scale would be there. The land is plenty in Africa. The water is plenty. And it would do wonderful thing for the farmers themselves and also the Thai government will feel relieved and you will benefit in a win-win situation. My name is Sompong Isaryan. I'm from Thailand. I think from the fraud, they are taking to account the aging of the farmers in Asian context because even in Thailand or in some other countries right now, the average age of the farmers is increasing. And there are also some that leave the confirming use that they couldn't do. Even you can use mechanization but the return from farming is still very low compared to planting some other crops instead. And also I think because the dynamics at the same of the market, I think the reality of the other crops is coming to stronger than to bring this farmer to still keeping the area to grow rice. You have to kind of write it down. I think the number of farmers declining and also the planting area declining. Tom Shuler with Bear Crop Science in the US. Why I do believe that that's something that I would have when I think the world goes up in quantity prices. And I also wanted to ask you just a question about the quantity of these in the United States. Do you feel is your comment using based on the hedge fund relationship you saw back in 2008 where the hedge fund positions were private pools of commodities and as oil prices ran up they had to balance their hedge funds to bring more cultural commodities into the hedge funds and that's what drove commodity prices? Can I handle this one? Very interesting one. Definitely not QE then 07 or 08. It's politics. Now you remember that in the year we announced the closing of right export sometime in 07 and then it followed by China, followed by Vietnam. Now this is on the supply side and Egypt also and then other countries I don't remember all. But then on the importing side Philippines and the blue sky would pay any price above the market. You see you got two seller and buyer Seller say I don't want to sell and close my door and buyer say ah tell me whatever you Vietnam sell to me any price. You see you got this unusual thing going on all decision made by politicians that's why right prices went up in 07 or 08. Now the quantity the supply of right was not in shortage it was normal. Everything was normal in 07 or 08. What was abnormal is this politician decision both in export that country and import that country. Now how did India react to that? Because of wheat, because of corn, because of oil prices all of those seem to be inching up a lot but no matter what they did not go in terms of 300 percent, 3 times right prices went from 300 to 1000. Now wheat price probably went up maybe 60, 70 percent or so corn more or less in the same range. It doesn't exceed in terms of many times. Whenever any commodity went up in prices in 4 or 5 months 3 times higher it's absolutely nonsense, it's something wrong and that's what happened in 07 or 08. Has nothing to do with chewy then probably if there was no chewy. I thought normally if you look at the commodity index fund rice is not one of the commodity included in the index fund. I thought most of the index funds except very small ones are rice very small sales. So in 2007 or 2008 was the rice was impacted by the speculative behavior by the financial sector? Let me respond a bit to that. I think that there was some that and there's in fact I think some of the speculative and hedge funds going into the rice futures currently which is what's pushing that relative let's say to the cash raw price price in the U.S. we're seeing a huge margin actually they're developing. But on the other hand I think okay yes a dollar is going to be appreciated we know that we can push some pressure here on all commodity prices. But I think that again if you look at the market fund mills this year we have regular world production. We have increases or at least flat level in terms of stocks. So I think it's important that this story be reported as saying that yes there's going to be some push on the depreciation of the dollar by the QE2 but that the market fundamentals do not augur for the kind of price fight that we see.


Hello there, this is Bhavya Kaushal and here are 4 news that corrupt the world this week. China granted 5G commercial licenses to 4 domestic companies. It is leaving no stone unturned towards becoming a leader in the telecom sector despite a fierce rivalry with the US. Huawei may be undergoing tough times but definitely it is not yet. The Chinese company has signed a deal with Russian telecom major MTS to develop 5G network in the country over the next year. Amazon may soon make its debut into the robust telecom sector. According to a report, it is planning to buy the prepaid mobile phone brand Boost Mobile from its parent company Sprint. YouTube is taking serious steps to contribute to the cause of inegalitarian and fair society.


I hope you found Unit 1 interesting and that you're ready to learn more about how to launch and grow a business. Each step from learning how to ensure that you have the right people working on your team to creating a business plan to financing your new business venture and beyond will be explored in detail in the remaining units. In Unit 1 you learned that entrepreneurship is the process of creating new goods and services that are not already being produced and we can also view the entrepreneur as someone who actually seeks change, looks for ways in which to respond to those changes and turns them into opportunities. As you explored the history and growth of entrepreneurship in the United States, you will have seen various theories that have been applicable at various times and that the entrepreneur continues to play a big role in the United States economy. But having an idea and recognizing how to turn that idea into an opportunity is a bit more complicated. You can't do it alone, which brings us to Unit 2 where we will learn how to build a team which will grow your business. The first step is to understand the role of management and how management strategies have evolved over time. You will also explore the different leadership styles and personality traits which will impact business effectiveness. The video about corporate culture is important because it highlights the impact the overall environment of an organization has on the ways in which people will carry out their tasks and responsibilities. You will explore the world of how to hire good employees and how to build effective teams for your organization. You will also learn how conflict among team members can actually benefit team performance and how to address those conflicts. As you work through the unit resources, be sure to take notes and refer to them often. This will help to reinforce the concepts, continue to bride you with a strong foundation for the units to come, and better prepare you for the final exam. Congratulations on completing Unit 1 of this course. Good luck on Unit 2 and we'll see you here again before Unit 3.