And these are my colleagues Jim Bush and Andrew Bordine Today, we are going to talk how to deploy a production grade past platform like blue mix on top of open stack Some technical Give me a moment. Okay So according to a recent survey done by the Chris research company Open stack and Cloud Foundry Sit at the very top, which is not surprising Not because they are just very popular open source technologies But also the way they complement each other you don't get overlapping functions So now with that let's talk about blow mix and what it is So blow mix is our platform as a service offering It's built on top of Cloud Foundry and it allows developers to rapidly build deploy and manage applications While tapping into a growing ecosystem of services Not only from IBM, but even from third-party service providers as well as from the open source community And it's not only a platform to Run your applications. It's also a platform to actually build your applications and we provide an integrated DevOps capability With browser based as well as Eclipse is tooling So there are hosts there are a large number of services which are offered with power blow mix mobile services API management Internet of things I would strongly encourage all of you to go to blow mix.net and try it It's a global platform our shared hosted offering It's actually running out of United States and Europe and Leveraging the global presence of software The public cloud infrastructure on which it is running we can launch dedicated blow mix across the globe It's based on Cloud Foundry as I mentioned Now Cloud Foundry also has a foundation much like OpenStack, which was established at the the summer of 2014 and In February of this year. They got the executive director and other board members So why Cloud Foundry? First of all, it's 100% open source So that means the tools and the technologies and the apps which you are building. You're not getting any vendor lock in Secondly, it meets developers needs if you're going to Cloud Foundry with your apps It's smart enough to detect what run times you need and it provisions them and binds to the services you requested and Last but not the least it has a very strong and vibrant community more than 800,000 lines of code have been contributed and More than 1300 developers across different companies like pivotal IBM HP SAP are working on it and contributing So as I mentioned blow mix First and foremost is an app platform So it's a platform to run your apps be Java apps. No.js apps Ruby apps All these are supported from IBM and then you can bring Runtimes from the open source community For example PHP Python go there are build packs available in the community which you can bring in into blow mix So how does a developer experience look like on top of blow mix? You can go to blow mix either using a CLI your favorite ID like eclips or browser and Another covers it actually runs a command called see a push as you push your application And once it's deployed you get a URL back and that's as it is as it is Now what's happening under the covers as? You are pushing your application it hits what is called cloud controller Which is the heart and brain of a cloud for a deployment Cloud controller is responsible not only for the deployment of your applications But also for the life cycle beyond the initial deployment And once your application is deployed the routes are registered in the router and you get the URL back Now in the back your applications are actually getting deployed on a set of VM pools Now these are not just any VMs which are provisioned these are specialized VMs called DEA or droplet execution agents So this is the VM pool which is spawned and your application is actually combined with the runtime and the framework and deployed in Containers running on those VMs cloud only uses a container technology called warden Which is the basis and which is where all your applications go? Now once they are deployed there is a health manager component in Cloud Foundry Which is responsible for managing the health of the whole Cloud Foundry deployment and all these different components interact with each other Over this gnats messaging bus So BlueMix is not only a runtime platform. It's also a services platform So as I mentioned there are a large number of services available in the BlueMix catalog around mobile security big data database Watson So I would strongly encourage you to go ahead on BlueMix.net and try Now how does the service interaction look like in the background so when you? Either from your CLI or Eclipse or browser you tell BlueMix to create a service Under the cover and covers the command which is executed is create service command It actually Hits the cloud controller now for every service to exist There is a service backend which a service provider has implemented and there is a service broker as You tell cloud controller to actually create a service it fetches the catalog of the services from the service broker Then based on the service which we have selected it provisions an instance of that service Now provisioning of the service instance is just one side the second side of it is That you need to bind these services to your app So then there is another command which is executed under the covers it actually binds your service instances to your app so that's About the internal architecture of BlueMix now BlueMix is actually evolving to be a hybrid offering So when I say that what I mean is when we started BlueMix the focus was solely towards platform as a service Now over the course of last one year We have added Docker container as a service open stack as a service you get open stack based virtual machines or containers Which are running in the background on open stack? through BlueMix catalog as well and In February at the IBM Interconnect conference. We also announced that there is going to be a new offering called BlueMix local Which is BlueMix in your data center, which is something you can deploy in your own data center So we have now three flavors the shared hosted BlueMix the dedicated BlueMix Which is a dedicated pod on our public cloud for you or you can get BlueMix in your data center Now a quick introduction of IBM cloud manager with open stack So this is our open stack based distro And it actually takes all the capabilities of open stack and add some things on top of it Now a few of the things is for example instead of just managing the x86 platform It also manages our power systems as well as system Z so you can actually deploy virtual machines there as well These drivers have also been contributed to the open source community in addition to that There are things like approvals billing accounts metering reports, etc Which are very important for our enterprise customers which have been added as well Now what's our goal? Our goal here is to actually deploy BlueMix on IBM cloud manager with open stack So this is what we want to achieve and how do we go about it? So essentially the first thing is definitely we need to get open stack in place get it configured Then what we do is we boot up a machine called inception machine Which essentially has all the bill of materials which we need to deploy BlueMix So it has all the BlueMix releases the code the client and it also has a special agent call Urban code BlueMix deployment client and we'll talk about it as we go through it now once this machine comes up It actually initiates a connection SSL VPN connection back To our remote orchestration and management server urban code deployment server, which is running on software Once that connection established the first thing which our remote urban code deployment server Which is running on software does is it checks whether the bill of materials on that inception machine is current or not if the Releases which were baked in or the stem cell files or anything if they're outdated it actually updates it back Now once it's updated Then urban code deployment server remotely from software Orchestrates the deployment as well as the lifecycle management of this whole BlueMix platform on top of open stack So now let me talk about Bosch, which is one of the tools Which is at the heart and center of this whole BlueMix deployment the whole core cloud foundry components are deployed using Bosch But not only cloud foundry components a lot of the components which we are adding for BlueMix onto the management side Within IBM. We are also creating Bosch releases and Bosch packages for it So Bosch as I mentioned is the deployment as well as the lifecycle management tool for BlueMix and cloud foundry Now Bosch has an architecture of its own where there is a Bosch director, which in turn interacts with a Database but it's essentially a client server based architecture whether a lot of Bosch agents Which go into all the BlueMix components which are deployed and then it uses those agents actually to make sure that BlueMix is running up up and running properly and if not it can actually take corrective actions The other thing which is on the right side of this slide is What we call a cloud provider interface Which is how Bosch interacts with different infrastructure as a service platforms be it OpenStack, be it VMware, Be it Amazon Web Services or Google App Engine If we need to run cloud foundry on top of an IS that that CPI needs to be implemented and The OpenStack CPI has actually been implemented and uses the fog Which is open source cloud library under the covers to interact with OpenStack to create VMs to create networks Create persistent volumes bind them except So how does Bosch work Bosch actually takes a release which is a collection of software packages a MySQL package or a cloud foundry package It then takes a base OS image, which is called the stem cell image and then there is a deployment manifest Which is the contract in terms of what all needs to be deployed on top of OpenStack So that deployment manifest tells Bosch that this is where OpenStack is running These are the credentials to get into it use this base OS image. These are the releases of cloud foundry and blowmix Bosch takes all all of them together Spons virtual machines on OpenStack and then converts them into different cloud foundry and blowmix components This is a sample manifest as you can see here Typically they can run into thousands of lines based on all different things you are deploying and you can specify things How many instances of some particular thing you want exceptra So As I mentioned Bosch is not only a deployment tool. It's also a life cycle management tool So you can actually use Bosch to scale your cloud foundry and blowmix instances So for example some of the components of cloud foundry like cloud controller routers Exceptra as we define in that manifest and if we change the numbers Bosch then detects that there are changes in the manifest and you can initiate to scale this environment or reduce this environment on demand Okay, with that let me pass on to Jim Bosch who is going to give a bit of details about how did we configure OpenStack or ICM in our case for this particular blowmix deployment Thank you Hi, my Can you hear me great? My part of the project was to get to open stack up and running in this Environment so that animash and Andy could get the cloud foundry and ultimately the blowmix local up and running and to get open Stack in my environment. I went with the IBM cloud manager the the 4.3 version and Let me get that So to get the open stack running the IBM cloud manager running it's actually very simple It's a single executable binary that you can download and install on your server The first server you install it on is called a deployment server and It takes about three minutes or so to unpack and install with that single binary And you end up with a running chef server at the end of that where you can run use to then deploy manage update and and Use that to work with your cloud Let me go back the The cloud manager it has sample files that it comes with it has a lot of JSON files for advanced configuration if you want to do Advanced deployment of your cloud, but also with IBM they providing YAML files, which are very simple configuration files, and so this is an example of ours, it's hard to read But you get this as part of the ICM code What you need to do if you use the YAML file is just modify your host names your ethernet interfaces if you have differences from the sample and And then you can just deploy and run your cloud If if you want we have some examples here of some advanced configuration that we've done we've modified some of our quotas We've modified compute node numbers. We've modified Like we're auto installing some of our glance images as part of the cloud deployment So it makes it easier and in following steps. There's less configuration that you have to do from the start So once you have the ICM installed and running you end up with a kilo environment So this is the latest open stack that you can have it has all the open stack apis and All all the CLI commands that you expect and you're familiar with And then with our YAML file if you deployed with it You end up with all the compute nodes and the controller nodes that you requested and asked for We use logical volume manager for our sender storage You can also ICM supports if you want a higher availability. You can use SAM Like net app you can use a EMC XIV or store-wise storage and then there's an option with the latest version of ICM to use the HA Configurations and we'll go through that in a moment. So to get my environment up and running I had Red Hat 7.1 and I needed a minimum of three computers the one to start with is the Deployment node where the the knife that the chef server is running second We need a controller node and then you need enough compute nodes that the manager in and support all the Blue mix and cloud foundry of VMs that are running So we end up in our environment with our blue mix local about needing about 250 virtual CPUs About 500 gigabytes of memory and then several terabytes of disk for sender and also the compute nodes So they're able to to grow and expand over time the other requirements we need or we need a DNS server so that the the cloud family can get out the ucd and deployment servers can it get out to the the Data power can get out to the internet We need a wildcard domain name for the cloud foundry deployment And then we need yum repositories so that any of the red hat pre-rex that we need as part of the open Sack install is there and available If you were to use the h8 deployment That's a sample that comes with icm that there's some sample yaml files and json files And if you use the sample you'd end up with a three controller configuration for h a and you can go as many as 10 Controllers if you want it but but it starts with three The nice thing about this is it not only gives you eight h a very easily through those yaml files But it also gives you some scalability for advanced scalability You end up with multiple copies of all services over multiple controllers And all load balance use an h a proxy and the pacemaker and then the db2 Under the scenes for the database they use an h a dr replication across all the controllers for the db2 and then icm of course has the Horizon dashboard that you know and love but to help reduce the complexity the PhD that that they were talking about in the key Note that a lot of users need They've they've put in for for end users a self-service UI and you may notice that this looks fairly similar to the blue mix UI that that we have up in soft layer So they're trying to get a unified look and feel and common common feel to using the dive in cloud and From this you can start instances see your instances, you know destroy instances then a key component once we had open stack up and running was to get the the Cloud Foundry software and to get the blue mix software on and running in this environment and so what we have is this blue mix and deployment inception image and we actually share this with several of their projects at IBM and so there's a team that actually makes this inception image and they it's a An Ubuntu image that they've embedded data power. They've embedded the the Bosch Software the cloud Foundry software and so they're using it But it's in a VMware environment. So we needed to convert this over be able to use it in our environment So what we ended up doing for this is so they had already created the image So we imported it and tried to use it and the first thing we noticed is that the Their swap they they put on their VMware instance swap in the last partition of their their drive So when we tried to deploy this with open stack And we tried to go with any large flavors that this wouldn't resize automatically It would get the larger size, but the file system was an auto auto resized So we suggested to them to either remove the swap or move the partition out of the last last the swap out of the last partition Second we needed to install cloud in it and the DHCP software so that the metadata service would be able to run What this allows us is to get once the image is deployed it gets the network gets the IP address the host name And any of the advanced user data that Andy's going to talk about in a moment for the data power Required that this metadata service and then actually to do the the convert from VMware to KVM we use the QEMU image tool It's a tool with red hat comes with red hat and you convert it from VMDK We went to raw imported this image right up into the horizon horizon UI the glance UI and Glance repository and then we're instantly able to use and and reuse this inception image With that I'll hand it back over to Anna mesh It was a great overview of how did we configure ICM now one of the configuration points in ICM was also an open stack How did we configure the network so as to deploy a blue mix on top of it? so essentially Taking a look at it from a networking point of view How did we actually do that? So this is a view of our blue mix environment On open stack from an open stack perspective if you see as Jim talked about Essentially, we have a controller node We have a chef node and then there is a center volume node And then there are compute nodes on top of which your blow mix deployment goes now. This is a non-HA model But the key thing about here is the networking so essentially we decided to go with three networks So one is our private open stack management network, which is Essentially the communication between the controller and the compute nodes that goes over the private open stack management network as We were deploying blow mix There are like around 40 to 60 VMs you can get All of them actually go on top of that blow mix private tenant VM data network, which is created using gary tunnel Now the advantage of using the gary tunnel in mechanism is two-folds one We get a totally isolated environment for all the blow mix virtual machines The second is that we can leverage the virtual IPs which come from neutron To assign to these set of 40 to 50 VMs which we are provisioning and there is less load on the infrastructure So this is a networking view in terms of how ICM was configured So all the compute nodes essentially definitely need one ethernet interface which is connected and used for your private management network You can create your VM data network using the same ethernet interface But our recommendation is to actually have one more ethernet interface because blow mix or cloud boundary is a very chatty environment So you want a different bandwidth for all the communication which is happening between different blow mix VMs And then essentially you need connection from out wire outside To some of the blow mix components like data power, etc. Which are going to act as a gateway for everything into blow mix So for that we actually connected our controller node also to the external shared network And then neutron uses that external shared network to assign floating IPs to any of the blow mix VMs which will need it And this is essentially a view from how it looks inside from a VM's perspective when that network is configured So one of the things which we had to do with respect to a lot of the blow mix components was that work with that model that All the VMs on which they will be deployed. They will just have one ethernet interface That's all we actually configured from a VM's perspective There is just one single ethernet interface and a private virtual IP which comes from neutron if you do need publicly accessible IPs for these VMs Neutron handles them using that translation and they are floating IPs, but the VM itself is not aware of it and Then there are other tenants they can have their own specific networking schemes for services with that Let's talk about blow mix data power Which is the gateway for everything into blow mix So essentially all the management traffic as well as once blow mix is deployed any app, which is there Data power is the gateway into the blow mix environment. So Andrew Bodine from our team is going to talk about data power for a bit Hello, awesome So I'm one of the developers that have been working on automating our blow mix deployments on OpenStack local our blow mix local sorry and So just some real points just real quick points about data power It's kind of what you come to expect from an enterprise gate grade gateway all of your unsecured secured streaming traffic is going to be handled via the data power instance and sprayed to the internal components of our blow mix platform You know just kind of some of the other Properties of a gateway for edit enterprise grade you expect it does URL rewrite service level monitoring as well As acts as a platform and a platform enforcement point for you So just getting into a little bit of the topology of Our deployments you can see all of our ingress traffic is being handled through data power Cloud Foundry specific traffic will be proxied through to the the go routers and into the individual components of cloud for Audrey and all of the Other blow mix specific services that are a part of that platform. We're handling all the routing simply through the data power gateway moving to more of a networking view of this topology We had you know in order to deploy the data power instance we had the requirement that An individual instance needed to have a single interface with multiple IP addresses associated with that from the tenants private network and We were able to actually automate that simply by using the open-sec APIs. So first you just go ahead and ask Neutron create a port and however many IP addresses from the tenant network that you want associated with that and So we get that back and we go ahead and boot our data power image and associate that port with the image at boot time and then through the use of a User data file or a cloud or net script We are going ahead and adding those IP addresses to that interface on boot time and then modifying the interface config so that that configuration will persist through reboots and This is necessary so that we could support the multiple domains that data power needs to be able to handle into the the platform components, so whether that be your the app domains through the cloud foundry or the bluemix specific domains and So we were able to do this just simply by using the open-sec APIs and automating that deployment And it's from from the VM's perspective. It's just a single interface on the on the the tenant network So with that I'm just going to hand it on to Anamesh he's going to talk a little bit about how we're a little bit more of how our orchestrating these deployments Thanks, Andy So that was a greater overview of data power. So data power is actually our entry into bluemix. So it acts as a device to Terminate your SSL traffic or offload your SSL traffic Route your app request to different domains as I mentioned. We have different domains For administrators as well as the apps which are running and also the customers or the environments where we deploy They will have their own customer domains. So for all these different domains, we need to Provide different SSL certificates So that was one of the requirements that we need to have these multiple IP addresses So as to provision different SSL certificates to different kinds of plans who are coming on these different domains So with that we covered Our open stack configuration we covered data power which is the entry into the open stack We covered the inception machine Which is what is used by our remote server which is running on software to orchestrate the deployment in the life cycle Now let's talk about this remote server Which is the remote component which is running on top of IBM software and actually responsible For orchestrating the deployment as well as the life cycle management of this whole platform, which is running So it's called urban code deploy that is an acquisition which IBM made a couple of years ago So one of the key functionalities which urban code deploy provides is essentially being able to assimilate code artifacts and binaries From a host of repositories. So as we mentioned bluemix in a mal bluemix itself is an amalgamation of a large number of components So that means there are automation codes associated with all these components including data power for example Or the inception machine and these are residing in different repositories SCM based repositories like github RTC, etc So data power acts at the central point in terms of being able to pull code from all these different repositories And it stores in a local code station Now once it has pulled all that code it can actually push it Right. So there are two ways to go one is it can actually use a relay server So the relay server is something which actually can co-locate and co-reside with your agents where you need to push the deployment So if you are multiple agents where you are pushing the deployment or multiple environments The recommended architecture is actually to have a relay server so that it can cache the data closer to your environments Secondly what it also allows if your network is very restricted You don't want to have multiple firewall holes punched if you are having multiple agent machines Which are running in your private environment. So the relay server actually Can be just one gateway in terms of entry to that environment and your multiple agents can be connected through the relay server Now it allows you to define the design of your Process in terms of deploying what you are going to deploy it So as you can see on this screen some of the basic cloud phone re-components like Bosch CLI micro Bosch Bluemix Everything you can define as a component and you can deploy design this process flow in terms of going through a step-by-step Instructions and you can have checkpoints. You can have decisions Markers in terms of if it is a VMware platform do this if it's an open stack platform take this route You can have that all that automation and define this design process Once you have defined this you can actually push a deployment Now as the deployment is going on it will go sequentially through all the steps which you have defined in that process flow and Stream live logs to you So you can see all the logs from that remote environment being streamed back to the central ucd server If something is going wrong It will actually tell you there at ectra and you can stop and the next time when you actually push a deployment You can start from the same point again It also has this component Concept of components and versions so it actually knows what versions of each component it has deployed So if you want to go and do later on Updates and upgrades you can select that Only if it is the latest version or a later version of what you already deployed then push that so very very smart from that perspective Now what are some of the things which is odd that it is automating under the covers? Essentially, we are using fog for example to do a lot of discovery from open stack So we are discovering a lot of information with respect to security credentials VM configuration sizes Network subnets, etc. So as to craft that manifest file, which I talked earlier Which is used to deploy a blow mix or cloud for me, right? Not only discovers the information if there are certain things missing in our open stack install for example Each of the blow mix components that require different flavor sizes or different VM configuration sizes It can actually go ahead under the covers and it creates that it will also create certain security keys, etc Which are needed and firewall rules if they don't exist which are required for our blow mix deployment to work Now Andy talked about data power, right? So data power was a unique case where we actually needed to Instead of directly going through the nova we had to go first to the neutron create a port and From that port we had to request like for IP addresses because we needed to support this custom SSL certificates Which are different for different domains So that also we automated using fog So we first go to neutron get a port with multiple IP addresses then we go to nova Actually bind that port with that Nova compute instance and last but not the least Once that VM is provisioned the data power VM those IPs the other IPs which we added They are not bound to the interface so that's something we do by leveraging the metadata But all this is also automated using fog under the covers and finally definitely we use Bosch and Ruby templating mechanism under the covers to do a lot of cloud-fondly deployment automation in terms of creating and uploading your releases stem cells Deploying them, etc And the great thing about Bosch as I mentioned that it also allows you to manage the lifecycle in terms of updates and upgrades So we can use the same central urban core deployment server, which is sitting remotely To do a remote update and upgrade on your environment So we kind of covered all the core pieces which form our blue mix deployment now a Couple of things which I also want to mention is the work which we are doing on the monitoring side on the logging side Ceptra So and these are key because for any platform which is going to be remotely managed Remotely updated and upgraded you need to have a view into the monitoring you need to have a view into the logs, etc So for monitoring we actually use open source Project called graphite and then there is another version of edgrafana So essentially it's a collector dashboard agent-based model where there are multiple agents Which are collecting monitoring data for you. They are streaming it back to a collector and then there is a graphite or graphana dashboard Which actually displays it for you The database which it uses under the cover is influx DB, which is a time series database Which is very fast at processing if your environment is very distributed in terms of putting pulling up that monitoring data and Analyzing it and producing it for a monitoring view. So this is our architecture and in terms of deploying the monitoring stack into blow mix local environments The other thing which we are using for logging is Elk stack as it is very popular right now a lot of you Might be working on it in different formats So essentially Elk stats for Elastic search log stash and Kibana Elastic search component is essentially needed for indexing storing your data Log stats plays multiple roles in terms of parsing archiving, etc And then finally you have a Kibana dashboard, which allows you a view of the logging data So again, this whole stack we will be actually deploying in a customer environment In your own dedicated environment and then finally we can collect the logging data Now there will be log stash servers, which we will also have on software So as to pull some of that data in case of failures in case of when things go wrong We need to debug So there will be Collectors which will be running in our software environment in terms of being able to pull some of that data now that data will be filtered We cannot pull everything Definitely not any app related data so The last point which I want to touch is as I was mentioning blow mix is not only a runtime platform is a platform for services Right, so the multiple services which we are going to offer when we take blow mix in a data center I Cannot talk through all of them one of the services which we are enabling is elastic caching Where we are actually creating a Bosch release of elastic caching and that's why Trying to say that Bosch is not only for Cloud Foundry components for a lot of other services Which we are deploying we are creating Bosch based packages so that we can deploy it through Bosch So that work is almost complete the other work which we are right now Undertaking and in process of defining is how to launch container service on our Blow mix platforms which are going to run in a customer data center Now if you have gone to blow mix you would have seen there is a container service available there Which works on a certain architecture One of the tasks which we needed to do was take a blow mix architecture, which we have defined The networking concept which we have defined and fit the container service into that model So this is essentially One view in terms of how we can deploy container service The container service which we have right now It uses you won't do as host machines and spins up containers on top of that Our ICM environments, they are red hat based the red hat are the host machines So one model which we are actually trying out is creating virtual machines You wouldn't do based virtual machines and then adding them back To open stack to treat them as hypervisors and then using the Nova Docker driver there to actually spin up containers So that's the model and in terms of how the tenant or networking model changes in that context is That we are creating a specialized tenant called container management tenant Which essentially is going to be the tenant For all the users or all the customers of blow mix were registering and for every user who is getting registered onto this Particular container management service we spawn up a different tenant and he goes into that particular tenant So what you can see on the right-hand side is container tenant one container tenant two so part of the reason is also When the container management service which we have which was written we are relying heavily on Open stack tenant based quota and quota and family enforcement policies for doing billing metering charge back So this is one model in terms of if we align with the container models or the tenant model We can actually enforce for each user the billing in the quota and that is already in place Now there can be a better way to do this or an alternative way to do this Which is essentially you get all these different users registered in the same tenant What we do need to that's an exploration. We are doing in the background is How can we enforce quotas and policies within one tenant for different customers who are getting registered? So this is an example how we are getting different services within blow mix which you see in the hosted catalog So with that we covered what we wanted to cover in terms of taking you through our journey of how we are taking blow mix and running it on open stack in Parallel there is also an effort to make and ensure that we can run blow mix on VMware And you will be hearing very soon from us in terms of some solid Steps going forward with respect to this Any questions comments and you can also reach out to us on our Twitter handles if you have any further questions beyond Yeah He had me do it. Yeah Okay, thanks everyone


First, for example, the principle of statism being so strong still, I was thinking, is this a big interest for any treatise to the European Union? Because it is. Thank you for your question. The Kamala's principle of statism is definitely a challenge towards the EU process and liberalization of Turkey. But other principles as well. I mean, nationalism is also a very big problem. Securism is a problem as well. And for example, secularism, the principle does not only limit the Muslim control to practice of the majority. It also limits the minority. Christians in Turkey have a problem with the secularism principle as well. For example, the Halki Seminary of the Ecumenical Petriarchies cannot be opened because Turkish law doesn't allow any religious school, period. Religious schools can only be run by the government. And the graduates of those schools can only go to the theology faculty, that's by law. So you cannot have any private religious school. Muslims can't have it. And Christians can't have it either. So secularism principle is a problem for everybody, like all religious denominations and all different religions. So you need to liberalize all these principles, that's for sure. As for Kemalism, I mean, there are writing two types of Kemalists. There are what I call the progressive Kemalists who would say, Al-Turk the best in his time and now we are at a different age. We should take his basic idea of modernization and muwan. They would be more open and supportive, open to and supportive of the EU process. But the more common Kemalism is what I call the literalist Kemalism, which says Al-Turk said this, period. That's his golden era and the reason we get there is like eternal. That is definitely an obstacle to the EU process. And about the mood in Turkey, about the EU, still there's a strong demand in Turkey to enter the EU.  So I think the enthusiasm in Turkey for joining the EU has been a little bit curved by the fact that some European countries, most notably France and to a degree Germany and Austria, don't look as if they will ever want Turkey to join the union. Well, Kemalism has been imitated by in a few countries, most notably Iran in the 20s. The Shah of Iran was a great fan of Al-Turk and he wanted to implement some of his reforms in Iran. He even went to extreme, like he ordered his police to rip women off from their whales on the streets. Turkey never went as far as that one. What you got in return in Iran was Khomeini. So this dichotomy between a very strict and forced secularism and a traditional religious identity created all sorts of conflicts and rifts in different countries. In Tunisia, for example, there was Burkiba, he was also inspired by the Kemalist idea. He was just showing up on TV, drinking lemonade in Ramadan and telling his people not to faster in Ramadan because it makes them lazy, but national efficiency requires more work and so on. So this idea of imposed modernity created a reaction on the other side. And I think it has not been fully implemented in any other country. And I don't advise them the advice that they should. But it also has given a bad name for the idea of secularism. I mean, I make a distinction between secularism and secularity, and I'm a favor of secularity of the state, like a neutral state. But the idea that you can separate the state from religion came to the Islamic world only in the Kemalist sense. It meant that you should bend those practices, like clothes down with schools, bend hats, scarf and so on. That just created a more reactionary attitude towards any sort of modernization. So in that sense, it might have been like a factor which contributed to even the rise of radicals in some parts of the Middle East. I don't really have anything to add. I was just going to mention that his idolatry reforms were explicitly copied by the Pallavi dynasty in Iran. That's why I would agree, it's among others, but I would agree with everything that the Kurdish-Rakals, including the dangers of that kind of modernization. Actually, let me just quote for you. What exactly do you consider to be the proper role of King Mustafa as the kind of Turkey and everything you do mind? He is not a flake like the Barack Obama or the media creation. He's a man of shade in the country, he was stoner than the Indian local. While he was built in the country, he was very built as an independent state. Part of the solution, let me take it over, and he placed his different on it. And he could not be assured of Washington being the same in the United States, because he had the same annual facts in the country. Actually, both of you and some others actually have embraced a different model of Turkey, but what would be the role of the founder of the human stop in Turkey and the kind of Turkey that... Well, I think first we should note that Mustafa Kemal was the leader of the National War of Liberation to save the country, but he was not the creator of that war. And there were other generals, other people who collaborated with him. Even before he started the war, there were local organizations in Atolia to defend the country from invasion, and there was actually the Congress of those local groups to defend the country from invasion, and Mustafa Kemal came, and then they said, yeah, you're a good leader, you're a good general, you could be our leader. But he was not just the creator of... Because that kind of myth-making is very powerful in Turkey, that everybody was in vain and sleeping, and he came and showed us on the nation like a son, which was not the case, but definitely he was the number one leader there. The thing is, after the War of Liberation, what happened was that other Turks in the parliament, because the Ottoman Empire had a parliament, I mean, a parliament with all sorts of members, some parliament members sympathized with his political views. They formed the People's Republican Party in 1923, which still lives on as the Kemalist Party. The people who didn't agree with him, mean people who are either more than just the conservative or politically liberal, formed this liberal conservative alliance, and formed the Progressive Party, Terakipar-u-Afrika, as it's called in Turkey, in 1924. So there were just two party system evolving. What happened was that other Turks closed down the other party just six months later and established a single-party rule for 25 years. So then imposed his own ideology on the state as the only truth. I think he would have been done a much better job if he didn't ban opposition, and he just started his life as a politician and do his best for the country while allowing opposition to criticize him. And then maybe we would have gotten rid of some of the excesses of the Kemalist Revolution. Because there were all sorts of, since there was no criticism against his authorities, the revolution really got out of hand. I mean, they created race theories that Turks were the supreme Aryan race and everything came from Turkishness in 10,000 years ago and all those things. I think that would have been a much more balanced policy. Yeah, I largely agree. I would only want to add that, first of all, certainly I certainly would never presume to, in addressing your question, I would never presume to take the position of offering any, being a crass or didactic enough to try to tell the Turkish people what kind of country they ought to have or what sort of political arrangements they ought to make, so I just want to make that very clear at the outset. But also, I think that just to add to something that Dracula brought up, most of the Kemalist coming out of a very long tradition of a state-directed modernizing reform, in an interesting way, European kind of ended or began, or might end it in an interesting way with a centralized project of Ottoman intellectuals and military men highly influenced by a positivism by Kolt that had this, and they weren't alone in that. There were similar things were happening elsewhere in the world, South America especially. So this was sort of in the air, this kind of state-directed, guided kind of modernization. So that's just one other kind of extra point I want to mention to you. Also last year actually, at this very meeting, I gave a paper about one of these sort of alternative visions or voices for you, Mehmed Jagadbe, who was very interested in Adam Smith and Bastiat. He was executed in the context of the Kemalist. So there was, I think, a different kind of, I think that there was an interesting historical moment that for one reason or another was missed. The other thing that I'm very glad you pointed out was that the Ottoman Empire did have a harbour. It had a constitution, so there was material there on which to build some sort of a republic. For example, one symbolic effort of the Kemalist revolution is the Hatt's revolution of 1925. By law, Boller Hatt was made compulsory in Fezver's outlaw. The people were executed. A Hatt would have been. A Hatt would have been. And people were executed for not wearing it. So I mean, we didn't need to have that revolution. Today, nobody wears a Hatt, it was for the Hatt in Turkey. But some of the excesses could have been, I think, avoided if it was a system with some, a position allowed, but all the position was crushed. Thank you very much. I think both schools, and I'm asking you a fascinating, my question is to Peter, and you mentioned that in the non-consensual, there was a growing centralization of the state, which reduced the, what I thought, something that the area, the area was in favor of, which is the police-centric law system that existed in the 1925. And which was actually more than the three minutes because you had all the affirmations that had their own law in the French occupation. So it was really kind for the central, but what do you make of the reforms of the tax map in the 1830s on, which were, I would have thought, very progressive. So I would say that there was, on one hand, the kind of centralization of the legislative process, but was it not at the same time the kind of liberalization of the sub-government? Yeah, that's, and as a matter of fact, that's exactly the kind of question that Dr. Godfrey was hinting at, I think, and what you were grappling with in your presentation. The tax map reforms are of the beginning of 1839 or so, with one manifestation of this 19th century movement to centralize and ultimately modernize the empire. And yes, in some ways, you can look at those reforms, one could look at those reforms as being very progressive. The people, the Ottoman statesmen and intellectuals who initiated them saw themselves as progressive reformers, as did the French. So my point actually wasn't so much to make any normal judgments about the actual, whether these things were progressive or not or anything like that. I was just interested in exploring how the process of centralizing power in the state, and actually centralizing and codifying these different previously existing legal structures end up creating exactly the opposite of what the reform was having like. So, if I'm understanding your question correctly, and by the way, the point about the capitulations is a very good one, and I didn't bring that off because I thought that would have, muddy the waters a little too much and what already was probably too ambitious project for such a short presentation, but the point again I was trying to make wasn't necessarily to say that these reforms were progressive or not, but rather to point out, perhaps the inherent dangers of this kind of modernization or reform that's directed centrally by a sort of self-proclaimed group of reformers using the coercive power of the second government. With the tradition of regard to the important state as an absolute power against the government, and it was so very typically, now that doesn't seem to be entirely important to the facts and I'm aware of what it means to us most of this and there are a lot of things that remain in it, but you might grow up in its tiny force and it's the question of, can I have a third opinion of what it's all about, being one of the greatest facts, and I think it's around the 20th century, but that we did give the term, the constitutional state, from the further development to the constitutional. So is the division trying to grow up on the order of the state and being an absolute power against the government, in its tiny force or is there something? Well, thank you for the question. I think the term is always somewhere in between extremes and I think, let me give you one example. The Greeks rebelled against the Ottoman Empire like the Serbs because they believed that they had a national homeland and they did and they wanted to liberate it. The Jews never did rebel against the Ottoman Empire. They actually loved the Ottoman Empire to the end because Jews didn't proclaim a national homeland. Well, Zionism did at some point, but the Jews of the Ottoman Empire were actually fearful that the empire would collapse and they would be left to the mercy of these Russian, Bulgarian, Slavic Christians coming from the Balkans. So I think, I would say my, well, Dr. Menzel is definitely a much more bigger expert on Ottoman history than I am, but my sense about the Ottoman Empire was that until the 19th century, you didn't have national rebellions like the Serbian and the Greek ones because there was no idea of a nation. And so I think the Serbs and the Greeks and the Bulgarians did relatively well under the Ottoman Empire, especially at the time because the Ottomans did not have a policy of forced conversion and they just let those people live according to their norms unless there was a rebellion or something. In the 19th century, with the French Revolution, the idea of a state for every nation became widespread and it started to come to the empire. So in the western parts of the empire, Greeks said, well, we have been under Turkish yoke for 500 years or 400 years, but they didn't think that way a century ago because they didn't think themselves as a people. So that consciousness, I think, brought to this integration of the empire and that consciousness also made the Turks more and more nationalistic and suspicious of the minorities among them, which led to the catastrophe of the Armenians in 1915, the great massacres and expulsion of the Armenians, which was a product of the fall of the empire, not the empire itself, I mean, the crumbling empire created that disaster. As for Al-Thahturk, actually he did not bring a constitutional state. The constitutional state was there.  And in 1908, there was a second period of constitutional monarchy. He actually, he created a new constitution in 1924, which was interestingly less liberal than the one in 1920. For example, it brought the definition of Turkishness into the constitution. And also it gave the parliament, which he dominated, full powers, all the powers to try. And so there were like tribunals to just deal with the enemies of the revolution. And many people were executed, like Javid Bey, who was like a libertarian. So he brought a constitution, I mean, you should look at the content of the constitution. Right now we have a constitution, again made by the Kamalist generals, which still blocks Turkey's modernization in different ways. My view is this, Mustafa Kemal, the Turk was definitely a modernizer. No doubt about that. But modernity sometimes can be a good thing. Sometimes can be a not very good thing. And it depends on, I think, the authoritarianness or the, you know, liberalness of that modernity. And in the next time, I think the authoritarian side was much more emphasized. Again, I don't have too much to add, except that it might be of interest, especially to some people in the room, to note that the Ottoman constitution of 1876 that was then reinstated in 1908 was almost word for word a translation of the Belgian constitution. So whatever one thinks of the Belgian constitution, that was 1830, I guess. But that was the constitution they were, the Ottoman Empire used to basically the Belgian constitution. Again, I don't have too much to add, except to say that one of the things I was trying to explore in my own remarks was just, was a way, your question, but also the points that Mr. Ockel brought up, that I think that something, what happens in the 19th century is an interesting combination of these foreign ideas, ideas of romantic nationalism and the enlightenment coming in from students, the Ottoman Empire had sent to Europe. They bring these ideas back. And what's interesting is they find in the Milets, which were basically established in the 19th century, these sort of ready-made vehicles for the transmission of these ideas. So they convert these institutions, the Milets institutions, really into embryonic national states or national projects. It's also interesting that the Ottoman authorities wanted the Milets to have constitutions even before the Ottoman Empire itself officially had one in the 1860s. And these constitutions were written generally not by the clerics, but by these young nationalists coming back from Europe who then used constitutions of these Milets as a way of basically thinking about, in national terms as opposed to religious terms. And then once you start thinking about nations, then of course they need a homeland, they need a state. I'm not sure how to answer the other part of your question. I did say that I wasn't trying to, I mean, I'm not, there certainly were all sorts of abuses in all of these systems.  It was a kind of a war, you know. I mean, it surely was. And there surely were built into the system various kinds of power relationships in part based on religion. What I thought was so interesting from some of these court cases is that it suggested that the segregation between the communities was not nearly as powerful as has been imagined. The mass of oppressed Christians kind of growing under an unmitigated Ottoman tyranny. I mean, it also suggested that there were some, there were some Christians in this world, in this pre-19th century Ottoman world who were pretty powerful, who could stand up to powerful Muslims in the establishment and win in the Sharia court. So again, I'm not sure if I'm entirely answering your question, but it's a, so what an interesting point I just want to add upon to your actually speech, which is very good about Sharia and sometimes Christians finding Sharia useful. In the ninth Ottoman Sultan, who was like, he was the grim, like a heavy-handed Sultan and he did some massacres of Shiites in the east and so on. He at some point decided to convert all Christians to Muslims so he can rule the empire better, more, you know, neat empire, everybody. The Sheikh of Islam said, you can't do this, this is against the Sharia. Sir, there has been time, because forced conversion is not, you know, it's banned in the Quran actually. I mean, there's another problem about apostasy, but, you know, forced conversion is not an Islamic practice. So this was one thing I just want to add. And the second thing is when the Ottomans gave equal citizenship rights to Christians and Jews in 1856, the Salahat Ferman, this was the second step after Tanzimah, because before then they were second class citizens. They were protected Zizmiz, but they would not have the equal rights. Some Christians didn't like it because it also meant that now they have to serve in the military. Before then they were just paying a lot of some extra tax, but they were, you know, free from military service. Not to quibble, but no one was a citizen. There were no citizens at all. Well, no citizen, but equal rights. I mean, it's just that because it implies a kind of a different kind of democratic, constitutional democratic order. Okay, sorry. I defer to your wisdom on that. It's a subject of the Salahat Ferman. Yeah, but equality was brought to all citizens equal, like things that include the, I mean, if taxes were equal, and they had to serve in the military like Muslims did, but some were not happy about that. So the system had sometimes advantages and disadvantages. And also, that was the system.  That's something else, but I think the general system, or I mean, to use it very, you know, like a pejorative way, the system was, I think, relatively preferable to non-Muslims. And that's why especially the Jews preferred the Ottoman Empire. In fact, even the military service was so unpopular that the authorities had to institute a special tax. It was available only to the Christians that they could buy them, and Jews, that they could buy themselves out of the military. Yeah. How much are you supposed to throw the hand into the army of the Ottomans? Well, that's a very, this is a political question, if I were a good question, thank you. I don't think so. I mean, first of all, the Caliphate is, it's a political institution. And it was established after the Prophet died, and you know, Muslims by arbitration, they said, let's have a successorship, and it went on. It's unlike the role of the Pope and Catholicism. It's not that integral to the faith. I mean, if you don't have a Caliphate, you're just totally lost. I mean, it's not that way. It was more of a political role than a religious role. And when he abolished it, I think he had bad consequences in the sense of leaving the Sunni world totally chaotic. But I don't see in the future any chance of establishing the Caliphate, because it was just transmitted, but now, how do you re-establish it? I mean, the best thing the Muslim world could establish was the Islamic Conference, the Organization of the Islamic Conference. But I don't think anyone has the authorities right now say, I'm establishing it here, but they will say, who are you, I mean? So I think we will be in a chaotic world, in that sense, for the foreseeable future. Yeah. It's a very new concern.


So, good to be back? Of course, mate. It's been a long time. Unpredictable, uncertain times, and everyone's just happy to be back. I think mentally, it's been a tough three months since our last game, so no one's complaining. Everyone's just happy. So it's quite a good attitude from all the boys in the club. We obviously had that great performance against Sydney FC as our last game, so we won't accept anything less than that standard. So we've got a lot of work to do. All the boys just need to get their conditions up again, speaking for myself. It's been a long break. I don't think anyone's probably had this kind of break in football, so it's going to be a bit of time to adjust, but I think everyone's got the right attitude to get there. We've seen the table. We're not too far out. I know we know Western United have a game in hand on us, but we also play them in the final five games as well, so we can use that as motivation. And I believe if we can stay at that level that we were at before this break, we can cause a real upset if we can make that final series and go all the way, I believe.


Hey, this is Brett with Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Your new and used Jeep and Jeep Grand Cherokee Headquarters. Today we are checking out this brand new 2020 Jeep Grand Cherokee Limited Package in Sangria Metallic. We're going to do a walk around here just to show you all the styling cues on this particular Jeep and then we'll get up close and go over the specific options on this one. It does have the 3.6 liter Pentastar V6 motor with start-stop capabilities. It does have the trailer tow group and it does have the premium lighting group for options. 3.6 liter gives you the 25 miles per gallon on the highway, 18 city for an average of 21, comes with Michelin Premier LTX tires, the 18 inch painted and polished aluminum rims and you get a pretty nice highway tread pattern on there. Premium lighting group gives you the HID headlamps, the LED running lights and the LED fog lamps as well as the LED tail lamps, chrome-trimmed grille and lower valance as well as the chrome-trimmed fog light bezels. Sangria one of my favorite colors on the Jeeps and when we get to the back I'll show you why. It really, when the sun hits it just right it's got a lot of metal flake in it and it's a really interesting color. Looks pretty much black in just about every light except when the sun hits it perfectly. We'll take a look at the window sticker here. This is the original buyer's guide for this vehicle. You can see it does have the Sangria Metallic which is a 195 option, the premium lighting group which is 795 and the trailer tow group which is 895. Comes with the Protek 1 package standard which gives you the backup camera, blind spot, cross path and backup park assist. 45,235 is the MSRP on this vehicle which I love about the Grand Cherokees. Pretty much five-star all the way down the board except front crash, driver's a four and rollover's a four. Very safe vehicles and there's your MPGs there for you. Feel free to pause this, take a look at every option on here but we're going to go through this pretty thoroughly so you shouldn't have to pause it and look at that. But if you want to check out that window sticker for yourself in the upper right hand part of your screen is a link to our website where you can click on that window sticker so click that and check us out there. You can see it does have the trailer tow group, four pin, seven pin wiring as well as the receiver hitch. Also has the rear load leveling suspension which will actually pump up your rear end. Backup parking sensors and there's that Sangria paint in the light. You can see it's got a lot of metal flake in it. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p so if you have your HD capabilities turn them on now and you'll be able to see that metal flake shimmering in the light there. Really a good looking color. Never heard anything bad about it, you got your LED tail lamps, chrome trimmed tail light bezels.  Those seats do fold down. You can see I actually got that one reclined right now. They do recline as well. And to get this gate down you just press this button here. It'll beep at you three times and then begin its descent and it'll actually beep a total of four times. The chrome trimmed 4x4 and the chrome trimmed limited badging on the back. Down this side of the Jeep does have the capitalist fuel fill. Your lights you get those blind spot monitoring which we were talking about with the ProTech One and you also get LED side lights or LED directional signals I should say and heated mirrors there. You get the entry and go system so you just have to put the key in your pocket. Put your hand in there and it'll automatically unlock the doors. The limited package gives you standard leather seats. Both these seats are heated. Both these seats are power and side current airbags, lumbard, factory floor mats of course, memory driver's seat, power windows, power locks, power mirrors. You get the nice wood grain and chrome trim on the door and that wraps around onto the dash. You also get auto headlamps. There's your gas door release. This one comes with the 7-inch LCD display, standard as well as the digital spinometer outside temp and compass. You get the heated leather wrap steering wheel, cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left and audio controls on the back. Comes with the 8.4 or 4C radio which means that you get Android Auto and Apple CarPlay capabilities on this radio so you can project your cell phone right to the screen there. Also has factory navigation, standard and AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. You can do your heated seats and backup camera here as well as your heated steering wheel and you can see that that backup camera is nice and clear and you do get those dynamic grid lines meaning that as you turn the steering wheel those lines are going to turn as well. You can do your climate control up here. You can also do your climate control down here if you like the more tactile buttons. This one does have the backup parking sensors you can turn off as well as the start-stop capabilities. You can turn those off as eco mode, sport mode and your stability control. You have your 8 speed automatic transmission and you do get your Quadra Track 2 system standard with the limited package which gives you snow sand, auto mud and rock, select terrain as well as a neutral setting for flat towing, four wheel drive low and downhill assist control. Your key fob here gives you remote start and your power gate option and just take note of how that wood grain trim wraps around nicely. Looks really good. You do get a power sunroof on this one as well. Home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems, map lights and down here you get your SOS and assist buttons in the rear view mirror which are features of the vehicle that you never have to pay a subscription for. We'll take a quick look at the back seats. I also wanted to show you the capitalist fuel fill which is a really nice feature and the back seats. Lots of room back here. Latch child safety system for child car seats and you do get two USBs, 115 volt, 150 watt plug-in factory floor mats. You can see just how much those seats do recline here. Actually, you might go just a little bit more, yeah, so that's that's kind of the max recline that you can do on there. These seats also fold down nicely for extra storage and they got the flap here so nothing's gonna fall behind there.  And last but not least we do have the child safety locks on the doors back here. Four-wheel disc brakes. Take note of the chrome trim handles, the chrome trim around the windows, the chrome trim roof rack, the chrome trim mirrors. Chrome's kind of the theme as far as the trim package goes here. Got it on the seven-slotted grille around the fog light bezels and lower valance. And we're just gonna do one more quick walk around here of the vehicle so you can see it from all the different angles, the light reflecting off of it and get a really good feel for this particular Jeep. Chrome tipped exhaust as well. And I'd personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully you'll have been able to get a good idea of this vehicle and to see more pictures of this Jeep or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, Grand Cherokees, you name it, we got it, go to our website www.summitauto.com Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto. Remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel and you'll have to link to more Jeep Grand Cherokee videos like this one on your right if you've not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we're super excited to be offering the 2020 Jeep Grand Cherokee Limited in Sangria Metallic. Thanks for checking out the video.


Hi, this is Don, and I want to show you a quick way to get the regression equation for some data. This is a problem at MyStatLab. We want to click on this icon to see the data that we want to plot. We've got our x-value, which is a length, and a y-value, which is a girth. And this is talking about harbor seals. I guess that's the length of the seal and the waistline of the seal. Okay, we want to get this, we're going to do it in Excel. I want to open in Excel. Okay, here's Excel. I want to enable editing so that I can work with this. And we've got our x-values and our y-values. And you can get the regression line very quickly just by inserting a chart. I'm going to insert on the ribbon.  And it's given us a scatter diagram, so I'm going to click OK.  We have our data here and our axes are off, but we can get what we need very quickly. If we click inside the chart area and then click on the plus, we can just click on add a trend line, which it did. And then see the little triangle there? We click on that and we go down to more options. And down at the bottom here, we can get it to display the equation that we're looking for and the r-square value, which we will use later on. In this case, I'm going to close that up. And there is our equation that we needed, y equals 0.722, which is the m-value, y equal mx plus b. b is 5.87, which is our intercept with an r-square of 0.859, which shows there's a high correlation in this data. So I hope that helps.