Good evening aspirants, welcome to daily news analysis brought to you by Shankar A.S academy. Today's date is 2nd January 2024, displayed here are the list of topics we are going to see today. Now without wasting any time, let us get into the discussion. Look at this news article, President of India has recently issued an order for inclusion of Hathi community under Scheduled Tribes list. But there was a confusion in state government over finding the targeted Scheduled Tribes. But this issue was recently solved by a notification of central government and it clarified the targeted people for reservation. So this is the crux of the article given here. In this context, we will know the basic process of including a tribe under Scheduled Tribes list. Before entering the discussion, let us see some basic facts about Scheduled Tribes. See, Tribes are a social group with similar characteristics. They share a common name, speaking a common dialect, similar occupation and occupying a common territory. Know that India is often called as melting pot of tribes and races. So many communities are recognized by Indian constitution as Scheduled Tribes under Scheduled 5. Moreover, they are defined as Tribes or tribal communities under article 342 of Indian Constitution. As per the census of 2011, Scheduled Tribes make up 8.2% of Indian population. The Bill community is the largest tribal group in India. So this is about the basics of Scheduled Tribes in India. Now let us see the process of including tribes in Scheduled Tribes list. Initially, the state government identifies the tribes that deserve ST status. Then it recommends the list to Union government. These recommendations are then reviewed by Ministry of Tribal Affairs at national level. The reviewed recommendations are then sent to Registrar General of India for further evaluation and approval. After this, the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes verifies the recommendations to ensure their validity. The NCST may also conduct consultations with various stakeholders, including the tribal community, government agencies and experts. Once approved by National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, the list is submitted to President and his decision is final. President may issue a notification for the inclusion of tribes by the powers vested under article 341 and 342. So this is the overall process for including a tribe under Scheduled Tribes list. Now we shall look into the benefits of inclusion under Scheduled Tribes list. Firstly, Reservation in Education. ST individuals have reserved seats in educational institutions, ensuring better access to quality education. So this is ensued under article 15 of Constitution. Next is Reservation in Employment. ST communities are provided with reserved positions in government jobs and services, including promotions. This is ensued under article 16. Then there are various safeguards for ST population under article 244, along with 5th and 6th Schedule of Constitution. So these provisions safeguard the rights and promote the socio-economic development of ST communities. Next is Political Representation. Article 243 ensures the reserved seats for Scheduled Tribes in Punjayates, promoting their participation in local governance. Then article 330 reserves seats in Lok Sabha for Scheduled Tribes, allowing their representation in national parliament. So these are important benefits once included under Scheduled Tribes list. So in this discussion, we have seen basics about Scheduled Tribes, the process of including a tribe under Scheduled Tribes list, and what are the benefits after included under Scheduled Tribes list. So this is all about the discussion. Now let us move to the next topic. Look at this news article. Recently, a powerful earthquake of magnitude 7.6 struck Japan. As this earthquake has triggered tsunami waves, people were asked to go to higher grounds. So this is the crux of the article. In our analysis, let us see about tsunami from Prilim's perspective. The word tsunami is a Japanese word which means harbor waves. See, it looks like a wall of water and can attack the shoreline, creating havoc and destruction on large scale. Know that it is a series of enormous waves created by various underwater disturbances. Now let us see the causes of tsunami. Firstly, an important cause of tsunami is earthquake. Most tsunamis are caused by earthquakes on a converging tectonic plate boundary. According to the data, over 80% of tsunamis were generated by earthquakes. Moreover, seismological studies found that an earthquake of greater than 7.0 Richter scale can produce a major tsunami. You should also know that not all the earthquakes cause tsunamis. There are four necessary conditions for an earthquake to cause a tsunami. Let us see the four conditions. Firstly, the earthquake must occur beneath the ocean or it should force the material to slide into the ocean. Secondly, it should be strong with at least a magnitude of 6.5 on Richter scale. Thirdly, it must rupture the earth's surface and it must occur at a shallow depth. That is less than 70 km below the surface of earth. That is the focus of the earthquake should be 70 km below the surface. Finally, it must cause vertical movement of sea floor. So these are the four conditions by which an earthquake can lead to a tsunami. Secondly, landslides can also trigger tsunami. See, when a landslide occur along the coast, it will force large amount of water into the sea. In this process, it will disturb the ocean and create a tsunami. Moreover, underwater landslides can also result in tsunamis. Thirdly, volcanic eruption can cause tsunami. See, the eruptions will create impulsive disturbances and displace large volume of water. In this process, it will generate extremely destructive tsunami waves in immediate source area. For example, in 1883 in Indonesia, the Karakota volcano erupted and created huge tsunami waves. Fourthly, there are some other causes like the falling of extraterrestrial objects like asteroids, meteors, can also create tsunami. Sometimes underwater nuclear exportions can create tsunami waves. For example, the nuclear testing by USA in 1940 to 1950s in Marshall Island created tsunami waves. So these are the important causes of tsunami. So this is all about the discussion. Now let us move to the next topic. Look at this news article. ISRO has launched X-ray Polarimeter Satellite X-PoSat successfully into space. This satellite was carried by PSLV C-58 Launch Vehicle. The aim of the satellite is to study astronomical objects like black holes, neutron stars, etc. So India is the second country to study these objects with the help of satellite after USA. So this is the crux of the news article given here. In our analysis, let us understand about X-ray Polarimeter Satellite. We all know that light waves like all waves are transverse in nature. Technically it means light waves oscillate perpendicular to the direction of their propagation. So basically light waves are transverse waves. Now what is polarization? See polarization is a fundamental property of light waves. It means the orientation of light waves to the direction of motion of the wave. Know that in unpolarized light the electric field oscillates in random directions. But in a polarized light the electric field oscillates in specific directions. So this property of light provides valuable information about the source of light and its interaction with the matter. Look at this image to understand it better. So this is the unpolarized light and this is the polarizing filter. After passing through the polarizing filter the light becomes polarized. So with this basic understanding of polarization now let us see what is polarimetric. See polarimetry means study of polarization state of light or any other electromagnetic waves. If we study polarization of X-rays it means X-ray Polarimetry. So this X-ray Polarimetry is mainly used in astrophysics and astronomy. It is used to study various celestial objects. So analyzing the polarization provides insights into the nature composition and magnetic field of various astronomical objects like neutron stars and black holes. So this is the basics of X-ray Polarimetry. Now let us see X-ray Polarimeter Satellite which is launched by India. This X-ray Polarimeter Satellite that is shortly called as Exposat is India's first dedicated mission to analyze the polarization of X-rays. These polarized X-rays are emitted from distant celestial objects and the mission is a collaboration between ISRO and Raman Research Institute in Bengaluru. Now what is the significance of launching this satellite? See Exposat is placed in low earth orbit. It will be placed in a 650 kilometer orbit by using PSLV Launch Vehicle. The satellite will carry two scientific payloads. They are X-ray Polarimeter and X-ray Spectroscopy and Timing. So this is all about the Exposat Satellite. Now let us move to the next topic. Take a look at this editorial article. It talks about India-Korea Defence Cooperation. This is suddenly in news because Chief of Army Staff of India has recently visited South Korea. So his visit has strengthened the bilateral ties between two countries. So in this news article discussion let us understand the basics about bilateral relationship between India and South Korea using our usual main sensor writing approach. Now look at this question. Assess the strength, opportunities and obstacles within the bilateral relationship between India and South Korea. This question can be asked in GS paper 2 under the syllabus bilateral agreements involving India are affecting India's interest. Now let us see how to approach this question. See the keyword here is assess. So we are expected to consider or make an informed judgment about the value, strength or weakness of the topic. Here the question asks us to assess the strength, opportunities and obstacles within the bilateral relationship between India and South Korea. Now let us start with the introduction. See India and South Korea share a very close bilateral relationship since 1950s. The economic and strategic relationship between the two countries got accelerated after the implementation of India's Act East Policy and South Korea's New Southern Policy. As of 2021 India is 16th biggest source of imports and 7th biggest export market for Korea. So this close ties between the two countries has created various opportunities and it also has won challenges. So in this way we can write the introduction. Now let us move to the body of the answer. You can split the main body of the answer into three parts. First we are going to write about the strength within the bilateral relationship and then about the areas of opportunities and finally about the challenges between the two countries. Now first let us look at the strength between India and South Korea. Firstly both countries are democratic governments. India's third largest economy and South Korea is the fourth largest economy in Asia. They share a strong bond of friendship based on commitment to the values of democracy. The second strength is mutual economic benefits. See South Korea is rich in capital and technology and India has huge market and human resources. So this economic advantage led to the signing of comprehensive economic partnership agreement between the two countries in 2010. Finally India and South Korea have potential to establish and open and multi polar Asia in which interstate relations are ruled based and norms based. Now moving on to see the opportunities between the two countries. Firstly we can mention about technological capabilities. See India and South Korea are aiming to collaborate in developing advanced defense system and equipment. Apart from this both the countries are exploring opportunities for cooperation in defense against space warfare information warfare and cyber security. Thirdly both the countries have significant maritime interest in Indian ocean. So there are opportunities to collaborate in maritime security including joint patrolling and information sharing. This can strengthen coordinated efforts towards counter terrorism. Fourthly India and South Korea can leverage their United Nations peacekeeping expertise for collaborative efforts. Finally both countries can conduct joint exercises to exchange best practices in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. So these are the points you can write under the heading opportunities part. Now moving on to see the challenges. The first challenge is South Korea's perception of India's regional role. See India provides a market for South Korea for profit-driven weapons sales. Because of this reason both nations are focusing excessively on weapons acquisition leaving behind broader strategic consideration. Secondly both countries face a challenge in developing comprehensive defense framework and shared vision for cooperation. For example the recent coalition of North Korea, China and Russia possess a serious challenge to collaborative efforts between India and South Korea. So both countries lack a shared vision for cooperation in the region. Now we have come to the conclusion part. Both countries should acknowledge the challenges and embrace opportunities with a strategic and balanced approach. This will not only endure defense collaboration but also create a partnership that focuses on peace, stability and prosperity in Indo-Pacific region. So this is all regarding this discussion now let us move to the next topic. Look at this article. This article is like a progress report of India in regards to climate change action and conservation. So in this discussion let us look at the content of the article in detail. First let us look at the positives. If you all can recall in 2015 during Paris climate conference India announced its nationally determined contribution and that it will reduce the emission intensity by 30 to 35 percentage compared to 2005 level. But India achieved that target with 11 years in advance. So this is the first positive aspect. Another one is due to conservation efforts taken by India the tiger numbers have increased in shivalic hills and gangetic plain landscape. In addition to this India launched the international big cat alliance. Through these steps India has taken efforts to conserve big cats like tigers, lions, snow leopards, jogwars, pumas and cheetahs. So these are some of the positive aspects highlighted in the article. Now coming to the criticisms mentioned in the article. The first criticism is even though tiger numbers have increased in some parts of country it has declined in western gods and northeast Brahmavutra plains. This is due to habitat loss, fragmentation and poaching. The second criticism is cheetah conservation project. This is because six of the 20 adult cheetahs imported from Navibia and South Africa have died. The next criticism is towards amendments made to forest conservation act. According to recent changes the forest conservation act will only apply to the areas that are recorded as forest in government records. So according to this article the strict definition of forest will lead to deforestation of forest which are not covered under government records. Also the recent amendment to forest conservation act allows the forest land within 100 kilometers of India's border can be used for security or strategic purposes. So this will lead to massive deforestation in border areas like Himachal Pradesh, Nahalan, Sikkim, Tiripura etc. So this in turn will negatively impact the forest welding communities living there. The last criticism is regarding the changes made to biological diversity act. The main aim of recent change is to encourage growing medicinal plants instead of taking them from wild. But there is also a concern that recent changes will lead to traditional medicine practitioners not sharing the benefits with forest welding communities. Let me help you to understand this with an example. Imagine a remote village in India where generations of indigenous people have cultivated and used a particular medicinal plant. This traditional knowledge has been passed down through overall traditions and practical experience. The recent amendment to biodiversity act aims to reduce the overexploitation of wild medicinal plants and encourages their cultivation in mainland. In this scenario a pharmacutical company which is aware of medical properties of plant starts cultivating it in a large scale for commercial purposes. So they develop the plant and get the patent for the medicines extracted from the plant. Unfortunately the profits or benefits which the companies get from using these traditional medicinal plants will not be shared with the indigenous communities. So this is a major drawback of recent amendment to biodiversity act. So these are the important criticisms mentioned in the article. With this let us conclude this discussion and we shall move to the next topic. Look at this news article. Nearly 196 cases of COVID-19 sub variant JN1 have been detected in the country. Highest cases have been reported in Kerala with 83 cases and followed by Goa. So the union government has asked the state governments to have a surveillance on the number of cases. This is the article given here. So in this discussion we are going to see about the major COVID-19 vaccines in India. See vaccines are categorized on the basis of development process adopted by scientists. There are mRNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines, inactivated vaccines, spike protein vaccines. We shall see them one by one. See messenger RNA vaccines shortly called as mRNA vaccine is created using messenger RNA. It is a single standard RNA molecule and it works by introducing a piece of mRNA into human body. Using this mRNA the cells in our body can produce the viral protein. Subsequently our immune system recognizes the protein and produces antibodies to attack them. So these antibodies will in turn help product the body when original infection happens. So this is how mRNA work. Secondly viral vector vaccines. Different viruses have been used as vectors which includes influenza, mesil virus, adenovirus etc. Adenovirus is one of the viral vectors which is used in COVID-19 vaccines. COVID vaccines such as Pudnik, Johnson & Johnson, Astros and Ka use this viral vector vaccines. Thirdly inactivated vaccines. See these vaccines are created by inactivating a pathogen using heat or chemicals. This process destroys the pathogen's ability to replicate but the process keeps the virus or bacteria intact. So the immune system of body can still recognize the bacteria and develop antibodies. The examples for these kind of vaccines are co-vaccine which uses inactivated virus. Finally spike protein vaccines. As you all know the members of coronavirus family have sharp bumps from the surface to their outer envelopes. Those bumps are called spike proteins. These spike proteins will allow the virus to enter the cells of the body where they replicate and cause disease. So using this spike protein vaccine the spike proteins are alone injected into the body. And the body is expected to develop an immune response against this injected spike protein. So this is how these vaccines works. The example for spike protein vaccine is Corbivax. So these are the important vaccines regarding COVID-19. Now we have come to the prelims practice question discussion. Look at the first question. It is about schedule trips in India. Mathya Pradesh has the highest schedule trip population while the Punjab has the lowest schedule trip population. The statement is wrong. See Mathya Pradesh has highest ST population but Punjab Delhi Haryana has no ST population. The second statement is state government has no role in listing process of schedule trips. This statement is also wrong. As we have seen in the discussion state government will send the list of community to be included in ST status to the center. Look at the third statement. Recently Hathi community from Himachal Pradesh were given schedule trip status. Yes the statement is correct. So the correct answer is option A. Now look at the second question. Which of the following are the causes of tsunami? As we have seen in the discussion earth quacks, landslides, volcanic activity, underwater nuclear explosion. All the four phenomena are causes of tsunami. So the correct answer is option D. Now look at the third question. With reference to visible light communication technology which of the following statements are correct. VLC uses electromagnetic spectrum wavelength 375 to 780 nanometer. The statement is correct. VLC is known as long range optical wireless communication. This statement is incorrect. Because VLC is known as short range optical wireless communication. VLC can transmit large amount of data faster than blow truth. Yes this statement is correct. VLC has no electromagnetic interference. The statement is also correct. So the correct answer is option C. Here only the second statement is wrong. All other statements are correct. Now moving on to the fourth question. Consider the following statements with reference to inactivated vaccines. It tends to provide longer protection than live vaccines. It does not require booster shots. Covishield is an example for inactivated vaccines. So how many of the statements are correct? See the statement 1 and 2 are wrong. Live vaccines contain weakened versions of living virus or bacteria. Compared to live vaccine inactivated vaccine provide shorter protection and they require booster shots to create long term immunity. So obviously the first and second statement are wrong. If you look at the third statement, Covishield is a viral vector vaccine. It is not an inactivated vaccine. So the third statement is also wrong. So the correct answer is option B. Now we have come to the fifth question. It is a previous year question. How does national biodiversity authority help in producting Indian agriculture? The statement 1 is correct. NBA checks the biopiracy and products the indigenous and traditional genetic resources. Look at the second statement. NBA directly monitors and supervises the scientific research on genetic modification of crop plants. This statement is incorrect because this is not a function of NBA. Look at the third statement. Application of intellectual property rights related to genetic or biological resources cannot be made without the approval of NBA. Yes, this statement is correct. So the correct answer is option C. With this, we have come to the end of the discussion. If you like the video, please share it with your friends and don't forget to subscribe to Shankara's YouTube channel. Thank you.


Good morning. So I probably should have started this process about five minutes ago. Apologies. Okay, so I Just want to confirm with the timekeeper. Are we good? Okay, great. So So I'm gonna spend about 30 minutes with you And I apologize for that as well So I So Dave Dave asked me to to provide a kind of an overview of the citizen science landscape I'm not sure that I have any sort of unique view into into LC But I'm hoping that along the way I can raise a few issues That might be related to LC to just kind of get us primed for Further presentations and and discussions so after After that presentation, we'll do a brief activity and and then if there are any questions we can we can talk about it So just by way of introduction. My name is Pietro Michalucci. I'm a cognitive scientist and You know, frankly my my bios probably and some of the materials here, so I won't belabor that but I'm quite pleased to be here and And I also I'm grateful to the organizers for putting this together And also to the NIH leadership for supporting these activities, which I think are very forward-looking So so basically There's a lot of material. I'm gonna go through it. It's gonna be like hyperdrive. So I hope you've had some coffee So we're gonna talk about what we're talking about what is citizen science How does it relate to some of these other constructs and I thought Jennifer did an outstanding job of initiating that that discussion Why do we actually need humans in the loop? I think it's kind of important to think about why we need humans Because that in some ways helps inform the way in which humans participate in citizen science, which Helps inform discussion about our expectations and issues related to LC Why is now a good time to be having this conversation? and then gonna survey the landscape and and then Have a little activity. Hopefully we have time so I Begin most of my presentations with this This is sort of a cornerstone of my personal philosophy and why I care about the space of human computation and citizen science the the hot and awesony Have the great law that in every deliberation we must consider the impact of our decisions on the next seven generations and I think that That this this workshop is very much in that spirit that we're Looking closely at a technology and considering All the implications and possible impact of that technology so So the reason I care about this is because I believe that because of technology and Because of the the large population of humans on the planet that collectively we've created a lot of problems and And so I'm interested in how we might be able to solve them together So I'll start by talking about human computation as a context for citizen science and it helps to ground some of these other concepts so So of course with most things it depends on who you ask If you ask a an HCI person then human computation is an HCI problem If you ask a psychologist, it's a behavioral problem And if you ask a computer scientist, it's an AI problem, of course and And it's it's probably all of these things and and other things as well So at a recent workshop in June where we assembled to talk about human computation We did an activity to brainstorm What sorts of concepts were related to human computation and and this is a tag cloud that That that sort of arose from from that exercise as a summary of that exercise So to think about what human computation is we have to think about what we mean by computation and how this has evolved over time So we used to think about computation in terms of doing a pencil and paper computation on an Afghan What's this number divided by this number and then with the advent of computing machines then algorithms processes of calculations became a Way of computing And then as we became more sophisticated Then we started to think of symbolic reasoning and pattern recognition by computing machines as representing computation and and Now more recently as we bring humans into the loop and we think about humans doing some of the computing then very Abstract kinds of reasoning such as creativity intuition and synthesis are now thought of as computation So one way to think about all of these things is more generally as information processing But when we think about human computation we tend to to Tend to mean lots of people working together in some kind of a distributed network and This can be technology agnostic or technology mediated and and for the most part nowadays We we think about this in the context of the internet So in terms of trying to figure out how the various concepts in a relate The community came together to to create a handbook a little over a year ago and And in the course of producing that handbook We had lots of discussions about well What do we mean by all these things and it was like the blind men and the elephant where we had 20 different disciplines represented in the handbook But eventually we coalesced on a few key concepts and had some agreement on those So I'll share that agreement with you so by human computation We mean the design and analysis of multi-agent information processing systems In which humans participate as computational elements, so that's just to say that you have A network of machines and humans that are both engaged in computation in complementary fashion By crowdsourcing We mean the distribution of tasks to a large group of individuals via flexible open call in which individuals work at their own pace until the task is completed Collective intelligence refers to a group's ability to solve problems and the process by which this occurs and Social computing refers to information processing that occurs as a consequence of human social interaction Usually assumed to occur in an online medium so This these is a this is a collection of definitions. It's not the last word on these I'm sure But it's a it's a place to begin the discussion So what about citizen science more specifically? So the citizen science Association says the citizen science is public participation in scientific research Seems reasonable, but it doesn't say anything about that having to happen in the context of the internet or or in some sort of techno social medium Cyber science Has been used to refer to the use of the internet to conduct some aspect of science But it doesn't say anything about the public's participation in the scientific research and Then finally citizen cyber science would be Citizen science through the internet Often when we talk about citizen science, I think we we tend to mean that and As Jennifer pointed out these are evolving concepts and definitions But this is at least a way to nail down some terms and have a conversation about it So there are more detailed taxonomies emerging in fact and In the latest issue of the journal human computation Greg Newman was a special editor for a special issue on citizen science and In his own contribution to that issue he put together a very nice synthesis of these concepts and and a conceptual taxonomy. This is Available open access online and I would encourage you if you're interested to to look at this And then also hot off the press Andrea Wiggins and Kevin Krausden Andrea who's sitting next to me at the table here Was was an author on this Produces beautiful survey. It's the kind of survey that everybody wants but nobody's willing to do but they actually did it for us and It examines 77 citizen science projects and then tracks two new projects closely in the context of Number of different survey dimensions So I encourage you to look at that too, and I think that's also open access online So How do we get humans and machines to work together effectively so machines Do certain things very well and humans do certain things very well And there's certainly some overlap, but they tend to be quite complimentary, which is why this is a recipe for success So machines do things like counting Calculation they remember things certainly much better than I do and execute processes reliably and Then humans tend to do things like inference some better than others Visual perception linguistic ability Abstraction of concepts They embody world knowledge have social cultural awareness and are creative so you could sort of imagine a continuum of these abilities and over time as Machines become more sophisticated That machines begin to compete with humans on these dimensions as they already have and And so We would hope that humans would in some ways retain an advantage in some of these things Even as we move far into the future But one implication of this is that human cat labor categories will increasingly narrow Just as the industrial revolution Automated the assembly lines. We're going to see other kinds of automation So so there will be fewer things that humans bring to the table so this potentially raises some labor issues and Alec Felsteiner who I believe is a lawyer at the Department of Labor wrote a nice chapter in the handbook of human computation about labor standards and human computation and and so This is These are completely based on his ideas as applied to citizen science So we can ask questions like where does citizen science intersect with traditional notions of employment? Which labor standards ought to apply? Are there work versus non-work forms of citizen science participation? How does one determine jurisdiction coverage and compensation in online context? I think to a lawyer those words have very specific meanings, which I don't completely understand How do we determine thresholds of fairness transparency and indignity and Who is the regulatory authority in all of this? Okay, so why is the oh and can I just do a quick time check 20 minutes left? Left, okay. Thanks So it's like time compression when you're doing a presentation So so why is the timing good right now? So this is just I'll go through these quite quickly It's just to say there's a lot of activity in this space and it's heating up. So we had the NSF socks program Which intended to understand the properties of systems of people and computers? Working together and then this was followed by the cyber human systems program also at NSF in IIS where they're fleshing out sort of the space of configurations of humans and machines and Also with a third dimension of the environment We had the H-comp conference in November Collective intelligence has become an annual event. There are relevant social comm events We have a special technical community in human computation through IEEE. We had the recent handbook We have a new journal the new citizen science association with with Quite large membership someone in this room probably knows it's I think it's at least a thousand if not more global members who signed on almost instantly when when it opened up and And the CSA Will have a forthcoming journal called citizen science theory and practice which will be a great way for both citizen science participants and scientists to communicate with each other There's also the PCAS recommendation requested a Subcommittee of nighter to do cross-agency development and social computing and And then in June we had We convened for a human computation roadmap summit One of the co-organizers here Leah Shanley was instrumental in developing that and The point of this summit was to put together a research roadmap that is to say What's the fundamental research that gives rise to which capabilities that gives rise to which kinds of? Opportunities to address societal issues and So so we're putting together a workshop report about that and we hope to take that to policy makers and And use that in support of a new national initiative in human computation analogous to what exists today for robotics I think there are a lot of hidden click-throughs here okay, so and so now kind of the the lay of the land and Forgive me a lot of this will be quite familiar to many of you So the way that I sort of I try to think of a way to break this down When you're thinking about citizen science and how people access it online there are portals that allow you to search manage Search for new citizen science projects manage your own and track your own activity in those There are citizen science platforms that are host to many different projects and allow people to create their own projects And then the specific prop projects themselves in the various engagement modalities for public participation in scientific pursuits I'll also mention Briefly the notion of building on on past success and and how that could be one way to have some assurances about future successes so Canonical kind of example for a portal is size starter calm Again, I don't know the exact number, but I think there's probably something on the order of a thousand citizen science projects out there And maybe it's 800. I don't remember exactly But what's nice about size starter is that you can you can narrow it down if you're a Public a prospective public participant you can go on there and say I'm interested in participating in health and medicine and And then 77 health and medicine projects come up and it's just a way to get to those projects Then we have platforms and this will be familiar to many of you Zooniverse is is associated with lots of space-based projects But they've expanded the purview as you can see now to include humanities nature biology physics and And they're building lots of tools in to allow folks to create more sophisticated citizen science projects People who don't have computer science background or programming background can get in and configure a new a new research project on their Their flexible platform and then host it there and then also benefit from the huge pool of participants Sit side org is another one. This is tailored more to environmental projects But it gives users a set of tools to create citizen science projects and in this case I think Folks who do not necessarily have a scientific background are encouraged to create projects of their own And then the tools help them to build projects that tend to conform more to the scientific process So I think you know one question that arises is when you start to allow the public to engage in citizen science in terms of Creating new projects. How do we ensure that? that those are that that the the process they follow is a scientific process and and The results can be trusted So we'll look at a few categories of projects research acceleration Scientific discovery and what I'm calling virtuous ecosystems So research acceleration So in 2002 We sent a probe into space to collect some dust from comet viltu and And so there is this aerogel Collector grid which is this the least dense substance known to humankind and these particles traveling at 14 miles per second Would slow down in the aerogel enough to actually become trapped in it without destroying the particles so then spacecraft Sent the aerogel sample back down to earth landed in Utah in the desert And and then they looked at this aerogel and they said how are we going to find these micron-sized particles? in the aerogel So Some of the scientists who are working on this Well, so brief so does anyone recognize this anyone ever Put this as a screen saver on their computer. So a few people in the room. You're not dating yourself. Don't worry So so said he at home. Whoops You know was the idea of distributed computing you put a screen saver on your computer And when your computer's idle then it is processing data from the search for extraterrestrial intelligence data set And if you're the lucky person, maybe someday your computer will be the one to discover signs of extraterrestrial intelligence But the main idea is that you get a lot of computing power from the idle time of many different computers so a couple of guys at Berkeley Andrew Westfall and and David Anderson got together David Anderson was the the inventor of the SETI at home project and And they thought, you know, maybe we could apply a similar technique to To human computation that is instead of distributed computing We could give distributed thinking a try to solve this aerogel problem and that was the birth of stardust at home So in 2006 and this was sort of a pioneering project in citizen science. They came up with an interface that allowed 30,000 internet users to Learn how to find these dust tracks in the aerogel using a virtual microscope and by dividing the labor in this way Sorry, my animation isn't working so well They were ultimately able to To find seven dust particles and it was the I think the first such dust particles that are believed to be of interstellar origin So and this was published in science just this last August and one thing that's worth noting here is Among the authors, I don't know if you can read that 30,714 stardust at home dusters So and and there's a link and you go online and you can see the user names of every single one of those contributors So this kind of raises another LC question, I think Under what circumstances should public participants be credited, you know, and what are the mechanisms for doing that? This might look familiar to some this is the eyewire project the idea here is to Map the connectome. So how do we create a map of the neurons in the brain so we can better understand how they work and they're initially using retinal neurons and So far 120,000 participants have developed the skills in using this tool. These are members of the public without the scientific background necessarily and 120,000 people contributed to a new discovery about how motion detection works in In mammalian retinas The cell slider project someone mentioned earlier The idea is to accelerate if you have a huge data set of imagery Then how do you identify and count cells in the imagery and so it's divide and conquer again But then we have another question that arises What sort of quality assurance do we have? When we use a lay person instead of a trained pathologist, there are nuances that only trained pathologists can detect and And so, you know, they use methods like Consensus, you know, if or if nine out of ten Citizen scientists agree that that this kind of a cell is is a red blood cell then we're gonna believe that Or we've done studies to show that Nine out of ten citizen scientists are just as reliable as one pathologist So these are the sorts of questions we want to ask malaria spot. I think it's a wonderful idea This is an app Download it if you do you can help diagnose malaria. The problem is people walk into these malaria clinics They get their blood drawn it takes 30 minutes for a specialist to figure out whether or not they have malaria or not They leave the waiting room. They don't get their diagnosis. They never come back They might not get treated if they have malaria malaria spot allows the imagery to be taken It's crowdsourced 10 people look at it and making up the number 10 some number of people look at at that one slide They've gone through some kind of online training and they can get a diagnosis on the spot and then the treatment they need But again, the question is how good is good enough when it comes to these diagnoses and true positive versus False positive or false negative So can I get a time check? Seven minutes Okay Scientific discovery we're gonna skip through some of this So there there are three parts so so this is again This is another class of citizen science project that has to do with discovery rather than research acceleration The the previous examples were all about accelerating research This is about actually using humans to engage in scientific discovery so I Won't belabor the human advantage I'll say just a few words about it talk about a few example of winner takes all models of scientific discovery and then an example of cooperative discovery so One advantage that humans have is what I'm calling selective consideration And this is the idea that we've evolved to ignore the things that don't matter And this has been necessary for our survival as a species as it is for most species that is All I need to pay attention to is whether or not that thing is gonna kill me or whether it's gonna be something I can eat and We've gotten so good at this that when it comes to very abstract sorts of tasks where the potential search space Is is enormous we can quickly eliminate most of The paths that would not be fruitful and focus instead on the ones most likely to be fruitful And we're so good at this that this allows us to be better than computers at certain kinds of problems most of the time But there's always the risk when you don't go down some of these different paths that you might miss something so The cost is that it's not an exhaustive search, but the benefit is that it's a much faster search than computers can do The other aspect to human advantage that I wanted to talk about and I won't as much is serendipitous discovery and Really what I wanted to say is is how important serendipitous discovery is historically how important it has been So You recognize this person Yeah, so So Donald Rumsfeld is famous for his known knowns Remember this in the media the known knowns. We're looking for snakes and expect to sometimes find them under rocks The known unknowns we know we may find other animals under rocks, but we aren't sure what they might be and Then the unknown unknowns It's kind of infamous for this, but if you think about it This is actually a pretty important idea, and I think it's a worthwhile idea The unknown unknowns are the things we don't know that we don't know and that's really important. So You should never say that if you're a secretary of defense, but I think we should talk about it So there are unexpected things we might discover in the course of up in the course of uplifting rocks Okay, and so to put these in in more scientific terms the known knowns the notion that we're able to support or refute a specific hypothesis The known unknowns as we can generate new related hypotheses based on our findings and then The unknown unknowns is the notion that we can make unrelated but useful discoveries, and there's a rich history of doing that So for example the discovery of penicillin is an example of that and so this suggests a continuum between a descriptive analysis and exploratory research and what I'm going to argue for is So I won't go through unfortunately. We don't have time all these examples of serendipitous discovery but The main idea here is this is why we not only need humans in the loop But we need to create citizen science systems that enable humans To engage in the kind of analysis and reasoning that leads to serendipitous discovery So and here are some ideas and again, I apologize. I don't have time to go through all of them now But I can certainly make the slides available if you're interested The general idea is that that we can use citizen science to tackle big data problems So winner takes all examples Filo here the idea is sequence genetic sequence alignment I'm not going to say too much about that because I'm in a room full of people who know a lot more about genetics and Genomics than I do. I'm not even sure. I know the difference between genetics and genomics but There's value I guess in in discovering alignments in the sense that that when you have alignment across species It might signify a functional benefit and a place where a mutation could cause more harm than other places So Jerome Valdespule and McGill created a gamified task that that allows people to try to Align these according to rules and there's a score associated with a certain alignment You want the colors to line up is basically the idea But there are again rules governing points and things where certain alignments are better than others and sometimes they're not perfect And it turns out that humans can do better than the best machines at finding these alignments but the reason this is called a winner takes all is that We're not interested in combining different results from different people playing Philo We want the single best result that a person comes up with And This is sort of a crossover project because they developed open Philo, so it's not just a project, but it's a platform So others can submit their own Sequence data for alignment. I've got one minute left. Okay, so Folded is another example of this a question that arises under what circumstances can scientific results produced by non-scientists be trusted We kind of covered that Nanocrafter Okay cooperative discovery galaxy zoo is an interesting case study here Because they gave the citizen participants the opportunity to engage in discourse through the online medium about the work they were doing and Because of that They were able to share discoveries and ultimately Converge on a new kind of galaxy called green pea galaxies So Virtuous ecosystems I'll just quickly mention this one Patients like me Sally Okun. Did I say your last name right is here from patients like me. It's a wonderful idea the The virtuous ecosystem allows people to contribute their their personal health data to talk about their diseases in a community of people with similar diseases and And look at what treatments have been effective more or less for other people and then take that information from the aggregate and apply to their Own situation as sort of a small experiment and then report back their own findings Oh, ibuprofen is working great for chronic fatigue I'm gonna try that and then I'll report back my own results and in this kind of virtuous cycle There's this benefit to the participants for their contributions and at the same time It's feeding into To research data, so I won't cover These I think I'm just about out of time. Can I? Borrow three minutes For this quick participation task Yeah, okay, so now that we know each other so well I Would like to ask you a question How many of you had a bowel movement today Okay a few few okay appreciate your candor How many of you don't want to participate in this a few others? Okay?  You're gonna do this survey online Those of you who participated already feel free to participate again those of you who didn't want to so here's a show of hands How many of you are willing to participate in the online anonymous survey? A lot better Okay, here's the URL It'll take you 30 seconds to get there in 30 seconds to do it I should have known that a group of medical people would raise their hands when I asked the question It's only fair. Okay Raise your hand when you're done Still working on the survey ten more seconds So I appreciate your participation in this study. Let's look at the results Wow, that's test data back here So we're that's just response volume Sorry, I this is my testing. Okay, so 34 people responded 44% said yes and 55% said no So this is what I would call cyber science. We collected data Did you feel like you were doing science when you answered those questions? Not so much, okay? So then here's another question that you answered. Okay, what did you think about everyone else? And you could only answer whether you thought that half of the respondents or more had had a BM today or not and It looks like 67% thought yes and 32% thought no so that's kind of interesting right So this is what we would call wisdom of the crowds or in this case failed wisdom of the crowds Okay, so this is a form of collective ignorance So now we can ask one more question and then I promise I'll leave What we're gonna do is is we're gonna ask a conditional question now This becomes sort of a behavioral study. Oh, come on. You didn't make me sign up last time So the question we want to ask is What is your answer to the next to the second question conditional on your answer to the first question So then it becomes a behavioral study right to say Depending on what you did this morning. How likely is that to influence what you think about what everyone else did? So then my question to you is Before I ask that question should I've gotten IRB approval, you know because it's a behavioral study Or at what point in this process should I have gotten an IRB approval and am I in trouble with Sarah now? Who I met earlier who's chair of the IRB? So I'm sorry. I couldn't provide the final results. Maybe it's better that I didn't because then I won't get in trouble from the IRB So, thanks very much Doesn't seem to work You talk you talked a lot about Sort of I think a lot of your examples or are sort of related to the data space but I mean, I think it's very obvious to everyone in here that you know our Ability and our citizens ability to You know to sort of discern between paths that are fruitful and paths that are not fruitful Extends well beyond the data space to you know the space of hypotheses We might ask the study designs. We might adopt, you know, what to do with data You know, what steps to take once a study is done So I think we can you know, we think about the broader sort of range of citizen science, you know using people not using but You know to look at different paths that might be fruitful and and less fruitful Was that a question or a comment? Thank you


In our 2018 review, we covered the shadow cast by a debris ring around the star HBC-672 in the Serpent's Nebula, 1300 light years away. Its nickname was the Bat Shadow. A recent relook at the object showed that the shadow had unexpectedly moved slightly. Astronomers think that the disc of circling gas, dust and rock, might be roughly saddle shaped with an embedded planet with an orbit inclined to the disc's plane. They estimate that this planet would be about the same distance from its star as the Earth is from the Sun. This planet would be the cause of the doubly warped shape of the orbiting disc and the resulting movement in its shadow.


Stevenson falls 76-56 to Hood here tonight at Owings Mills gymnasium Glenn Clark now with head coach Gary Stewart Coach seemed like maybe a familiar trope tonight You guys battled back from a deficit in the second half just not able to get over the hump. No, we're right now We're deficient in all areas and and I take responsibility for that. I don't blame the players. We should be better and I just don't execute well Fundamentally and that'll Kate catch up with you. You can't play at this level and and and not be sound You know we turn the ball over I think 19 times today and this late in the year to turn the ball over that much There's a recipe for disaster coach. Are there any positives that you've been able to take out of this tough stretch here in calendar? 2018 yeah, there's always positives. I mean this team comes in as the number one team in the country and get into the free throw line and we We made more free throws and they didn't and did a better job than we did over it and Frederick, but Again, we've got a we've got to do a complete Job and tonight we weren't able to do that. You have a couple games remaining in the regular season What are your goals for this team now moving forward as you wrap up the regular season? Well, obviously watching this play We've got a lot of areas to improve on so you keep working diligently at that We've got one senior so we got a lot of kids coming back and and we fully expect to be better on Saturday than we were today You know, it's it's a team that doesn't have good It doesn't have confidence right now and so You can work a lot on on the feet and the body But but when the mind is not where it needs to be that's a that's a tough order Coach if I can look for a positive the assertiveness of Kobe Colston how he's developed as a guy that then will have the offense go Through him a little bit. Has that been one of the positives that you've seen? Yeah I think there's Glenn. There's been a lot of positives. It's just collectively as a team We're not where we need to be and and that's the disappointment But individually we have some kids that are doing some really good things and continue to improve so no It's not doom and gloom and and certainly it's always darkest before light So we're gonna we're gonna come out of this but but it's no fun to go through it right now Coach always appreciate taking the time for us. We'll see on Saturday. Thank you Glenn. He's coach Gary steward I'm Glenn Clark for go Mustang sports comm


Hi and welcome to Nursing School Explained and this video on assessment of respiratory rate and pulse or heart rate. We typically combine those two assessments and count each one for 30 seconds. The reason that we do that is because the respirations is one of those vital functions that we actually have control over. So the problem is that if we actually tell our patient that we're going to assess their respiratory rate they are aware of it and they might alter their respiratory rate or frequency or depth because of it. So what we'll do is we'll assess the patient's radial pulse, count it for 30 seconds and then continue to hold our fingers at their radial site but for the next 30 seconds we'll actually pay attention to the patient's chest rise and fall and count their respirations for 30 seconds. Then we'll have to remember both numbers and multiply them by two to have the one minute heart rate and the one minute respiratory rate. So let's go ahead and do that. I'm going to assess your pulse today is that okay? Yes. Okay can I see your arm please? Thank you. So I'll place my fingers right at the patient's radial artery and I want to use my index and middle finger. I want to make sure that I press down firmly enough so that I can feel it but not too firm where I actually could occlude the pulse and basically obstruct the blood flow. Sometimes you have to kind of move the fingers back and forth a little bit just to see where exactly that pulse is. So once you find it then we'll start counting. Thank you. So in this case I counted 24 on the radial site. If I multiply this by two I get 48 which is a little bit on the slow side but for my particular patient I actually know that that's his norm and then for respirations I counted six per minute and if I multiply it by two it gives us 12 respirations per minute and then you would go ahead and record the findings and definitely take care of your patient depending on what the next step will be. Thank you for watching Nursing School Explained and this assessment on pulse and respiratory rate. We'll see you soon.


Welcome to NTN Nightly. I am General Norvell. This edition stops stories. National health insurance promises are more equitable society. The incoming chairman of the OECS authority highlights priority areas to take the sub-region forward and the Consumer Affairs Department aids a primary school in tackling plastic pollution. St. Lucia's economy is soon to realize enormous economic benefits with the implementation of national health insurance, including a more equitable society. We get details in this report. National health insurance, or NHI, is a system of health insurance that ensures a national population against the costs of health care. According to chief economists of research and policy in the Department of Finance, Janaye Léonce, St. Lucia sees relatively high out-of-pocket expenditures for health care. Each dollar that you spend out-of-pocket, that is, money that could have been spent on other economic activity, education, and what have you, and health care and pain for your health care has the potential to bankrupt many persons to the extent that they are not covered or they don't have health insurance covered. Only 18% of persons of working age have health insurance. Reasons for this include policy designs and perceptions towards insurance. Further design of the upcoming NHI system hopes to implement an affordable essential benefits package. One of the things the National Health Insurance Scheme is trying to do is to meet with the insurance providers and see to what extent we can design standardized products that can be at the price point that persons would be able to afford, but also design in a way that it may change the attitude and the perception with respect to insurance a bit. And to the extent that you could do that, a lot of the debilitating costs that persons need to incur should a health event happen to them, that would be spread given the fact that they have health insurance coverage. And those monies can be spent on education, childcare, and a whole host of other areas. Government also intends to undertake the costs of coverage for those unable to afford it. From the Ministry of Health and Wellness, I am Jacques Hingson Compton reporting. Incoming Chairman of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States OECS Authority and Prime Minister of Grenada Dr. The Right Honourable Keith Mitchell has identified priority areas to take the subregion forward. The incoming chairman noting that the world is going through the most challenging of times, explained that vision during these times is a combination of discernment, a conviction about the most appropriate direction, and the courage of leadership. Dr. Mitchell highlighted areas of priority as the OECS 6 to weather the unexpected storm that is the COVID-19 pandemic. The five key priorities for this leg of our journey involve, one, accelerating regional integration. We must pick up the pace of this relay, and as we rung up this dangerous curve, we must recognize that our integration marathon is not simply about endurance, but also the speed. Two, reinventing the economy. Three, valuing our environment. Four, building resilience. And five, enabling equity and inclusion. The last four represent a matrix foundation, which must be constructed as essential to the regional integration project. Dr. Mitchell asserted that the role of the OECS Commission continues to be of paramount importance. It is close that he is proud of the work of the Commission and its undertakings in several areas including that of education and healthcare resource mobilization. Despite the many fallouts brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, the incoming Chairman remaining optimistic, reporting that many opportunities have been revealed. Infusing this approach will be cross-cutting themes that enrich the quality of our efforts. Entrepreneurship, gender equity, digital innovation, and the empowerment of youth are the inter-length strands which will make the process stronger and the results better. Sisters and brothers, in every situation of crisis, there are seeds of opportunity which, if properly ripped, can yield transformational harvest. This is such a time. The concurrent crisis that have afforded us have impacted the entire planet. They have also exposed many weaknesses of the global development model that require transformation. And we have the opportunity as small island development states to build to scale a greener, bluer, and more inclusive, more resilient, and more sustainable OECS. Incoming Chairman of the OECS Authority and Prime Minister of Grenada, Dr. The Right Honourable Keith Mitchell was at the time addressing the 70th meeting of the OECS Authority held virtually on 18th June 2021. The Department of Agriculture continues to press down on the long-standing OECS animals along the main road network around the island, and is your Antoine tells us more. The Animal Act, established in 2005, provides for the prevention of cruelty to animals, the seizure and impounding of stray animals, the proper control of animals, and related matters. Agriculture Office at the Livestock and Veterinary Division, Timothy Norville, says that while the Department's efforts to control the stray livestock continue, public adherence to the legislation put in place by the Government of St. Lucia plays a major role in preventing an increase. He also made mention of the growing issue of stray animals in the community of Boisejou. The history of the donkeys is that many years ago when Montratt had the volcanic eruption, some donkeys were gifted to certain farmers in the north of the island. Over the years, those, the owners, the original owners for these animals have passed away, and those animals have been able to multiply. The major problem is that those animals are not in a fenced area per se. They are allowed to roam on from the beach under the wooded areas, and now they have moved into the residential areas. Not that they had not been in those places before, but over the last 20 years a lot of development has taken place in the Boisejou area. So a lot of those woodlands which would have been free-roaming for farmers to use have now become residential areas. And now you find that they're the problem because the donkeys which would have been free-roaming now enter into the property and residents disgruntled. Another major impediment according to Norville is the presence of stray dogs on the island. He explains that over the years, stray dogs have been one of the major causes of farmers losing their produce and livestock. A stray animal could pose a problem not only to itself but to people's properties, people's crops, etc. etc. But not because an animal is tied, and that's where we get a little bit of confusion. Some people believe because it's their property they can tie their animal anyway. If an animal is tied close to a footpath, close to a road, close to any access way which is used by pedestrians, it can be posed as a problem, and these animals too can be impounded. So for instance, if you have a cow and you tie it on your yard, in your yard, but you give it a 30 foot rope and it could stretch out and walk across the road, it could stretch out and be a hindrance to walking pedestrians or driving motorists and stuff like that, you have just breached the law and these animals can be impounded. Mr Norville encourages the public to keep their animals in a manner that does not endanger motorists or the general public. From the communications unit of the Ministry of Agriculture, I am Anicia Antoine reporting. St Lucia joined the global community in observing world elder abuse awareness day held annually on the 15th of June. Elder abuse according to the United Nations can be defined as a single or repeated act or lack of appropriate action occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person. It is a global issue affecting the health and human rights of millions of older persons the world over and an issue that requires the urgent attention of the international community. District Medical Officer for Grozile Dr. Diane Ferdinand-Walkert during a sit-down interview provided insight into her experiences with elder abuse. She explained the situations and challenges that may result in elder abuse. Not every person has someone to take care of them, not all the elderly persons have people who are willing to care for them and so they have a challenge with meeting their basic needs. Some of them I speak to all of their children are overseas and so if they get into an accident or minor injury becomes a major thing when they are not able to seek medical assistance in a timely fashion. Another thing with neglect we can see or even emotional abuse even the children that take on the elderly parents sometimes you find that they limit their activities it's almost like they start treating the parents as as if they were children and I'm talking about people with their sound mind and people able to make decisions they may not be physically up to par what they used to be but their mental capacity is appropriate and they are legally able to make decisions whether it be financial or decisions concerning their friends their social interactions and to limit these persons to a locked room or saying your friends cannot call you or any of these any of these things that the the children or friends may do the caretaker may impose upon them would be detrimental to the patient's psychological and and emotional health. The United Nations this year is observing World Elder Abuse Awareness Day another theme access to justice. This theme serves as a reminder of the importance to fully address the needs of older persons who may seek recourse. The UN noted that the COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on reports of abuse and neglect of older persons particularly in long-term care institutions and the community. St. Lucia this year is commemorating the day another theme building strong support for the elderly. Dr. Ferdinand Walker highlighted a number of initiatives that can be undertaken to address the issue of elder abuse. I believe that as an official caretaker you have to be trained specifically with working with the elderly. The elderly they need to be listened to just as you would like to be listened to it doesn't mean that their voice is diminished it may be softer but it should be it's just as independent as when they were of their working years. I believe that that they need to be listened to they need to be appreciated they need to be shown the respect that they deserve and if it comes to the point where the caretaker feels that they are not able to manage it's fine it's okay everybody goes through it especially if you have an elderly person who's holding on to the independence and you're seeing that they're not able to make the decisions that they they need to make or you find another family member is maybe asking them for money or abusing them in that way you have to you may have to come in and speak with the person maybe seek help seek help from a medical professional or the law as the case may be. World Elder Abuse Awareness Day was officially recognized by the United Nations General Assembly in its resolution 66127 in December 2011 following a request by the International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse who first established the commemoration in June 2006. It represents the one day in the year when the whole world voices its opposition to the abuse and suffering inflicted to some of our older generations. The Consumer Affairs Department donates reusable water bottles for its consumer education program at the Avamaria Girls Primary School to help tackle plastic pollution. Marvin St. Louis reports. Small yet all significant steps in the right direction in a year where international organizations are clamoring for action to tackle plastic pollution the Consumer Affairs Department did just that the highlight of the day consumer education and it was fun. So today we are here to educate the young ones because the Consumer Affairs Department which falls under the Ministry of Commerce is responsible for educating consumers to assist them in making informed purchasing decisions and we are here because we believe that we need to start with the young ones so that they can grow up and they can continue it could be a part of them their habits their practices and they too can also assist us as young ambassadors to share the wood to spread the wood. The consumption and improper disposal of single use plastics has become a global crisis. An estimated eight million tons of plastic enters our oceans every year and damaging marine ecosystems. The Consumer Affairs Department is promoting the circular model of waste management which includes reduce reuse and recycle. The student is happy to spread this message. I learned more about stopping pollution spreading the word to others and I learned reduce reuse and recycle free important words. The production and consumption of plastics has skyrocketed since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the world battles this global crisis the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Commerce is appealing to consumers to do all they can to save their environment. Remember the three hours reuse plastics reduce the use and also recycle there is currently a replace project and we like to encourage you to collect your plastics and drop them off at the strategic points so that these can be exported and recycled. From the Ministry of Commerce I'm Marvin St. Louis reporting. The Saafa-Lewis Community College through its agricultural program is contributing to national efforts get towards achieving food security. The College's farm strives to be the model example of advanced agricultural techniques via the use of precision farming. It provides students the opportunity to exercise agricultural practices and is open to free-form students working on their student-based assessments SBAs at a CXC level. Farmers seeking to improve their knowledge of farming measures are welcome to visit the farm. St. George James is the technical officer at the College's farm. For instance I know we were the first set of people I think that that grew with the hydroponic system that we grew our crops in flower pots in bags to control the salt bond disease water bond disease and to have a better production on farm. The technical officer says the farm contributes significantly to the country's food security and provides agricultural produce to hotels and supermarkets. If I may elaborate more it's not just the teaching service that we have we also have services where we help with food security we have our outlets where we sell our the what we produce on farm which is the eggs the pork all the crops so we sell in the supermarkets the hotels and also the public and we have a thriving market even at the college itself. The introduction of the agri-entrepreneurship and climate smart agriculture programs is an example of the College's continuous innovation with a view of improving the student experience. Dr. Keith Nurse is the principal of the South Lewis Community College. For the last academic year we switched around the agriculture program so it's now entitled agri-entrepreneurship and climate smart agriculture and in fact we have several programs both in relation to teaching and research and and also to new crop generation so for example with the Canadians we have something called SAGE skills to access the green economy and that's very much focused on generating some new practices in relation to climate change and climate smart agriculture. The South Lewis Community College farm is located in denry and runs several units including the crops and livestock unit open field production wind tunnels aquaculture and hydroponics this is ntn nightly up next primate hudginson with the ntn oil climate can change and that can affect us all. If the climate is worse, go to water and take water because all animals are full. When the sea is warmer, it can take place because the pressure is on the gravity. The same choice can also change the way the pressure is on the side and go to their side. This list can contribute in gas and in the space. When TPI, we can try to do everything we can to ensure that we lower the amount of gas we serve to prevent the earth from getting hotter. It is necessary to lower the amount of gas we serve is mitigation. Climate has changed and the most important thing is to keep all the water in the earth covered with oil and coal. Exactly any cause of the earth will get hotter. This is not to make trouble for us, it is to adapt. We do everything to prepare and respond to these negative consequences because of climate change. We all know how to do it. For example, we can ensure that we protect all that we plant. It is a natural chemical life that can cause damage in cyclones and goblins. Build a channel for people who need it. And follow the channel through the ears.  Find information about the full adaptation of the national government and even learn how to protect the cold and all the cyclones. Welcome back. We join Primus Hutchinson for the NTN Nouvelle in Cuyahola. Mr. General, Mr. Department of University of Sabilité, for information about the government in Cuyahola, this is GIS, also known as the National Television of the NTN, Capositeau Nouvelle in Cuyahola, Positeau, Primus Hutchinson. Minister Desserté, it is my pleasure to present to you a lot of government agencies who receive around 100,000 masks to serve their refugees. This is the Google company Triple L, Collins Lynch, who does the presentation here. Mr. Lynch said that we can try to find all these masks here because the demand is very high on the ground for masks. If I could point out that we have ordered 10,000 masks in CELCO and that's more than what I wanted to do. The engineers also planned to find these masks in Bonnet, Amada. Yes, I wanted to say that these masks are only 10,000 that I found. I found them in CELCO. So I wanted to leave Miami and live and order 10,000. Because the company does the presentation here. I only have 10,000 masks in CELCO by PSON. Mr. Triple L, thank you Minister Desserté for giving me the opportunity to collect these masks. I would like to thank Minister Benson Emile for visiting these masks, not only for Minister Desserté, but for all the institutions in CELCO, such as the police, the minister and the government. I would also like to thank Mr. Pépé here for the way he protects the public. Mr. Triple L, thank you Minister Desserté for giving me the opportunity to collect these masks. I would also like to thank the station, the firefighters and the court guards for giving me the opportunity to collect these masks. I would like to thank the General College for serving me and my parents and all of these people in this area. I would like to thank the government for the beautiful sacrifice committed to protect the animal rights and health of the animals, there is only one man who is still in power in this situation. Thank you Mr. Triple L. Thank you Mr. Pépé for giving me the opportunity to collect these masks. In addition to that, we also have the Division of Animal Affairs, which is a team of three new departments that have made an effort to try to control the number of animals that are associated with the public sector. It is the legislation that the government has established that plays a very important role in controlling these problems to increase them. We also have the Division of Animal Affairs, which is a common job. And it has been in place since then, in the Balkans, in the Montserrat country. We have options. Over the years that have passed, the families here have opened up to us. We have done a lot. In fact, it is not a lot, but over the years that have passed, we have done a lot of work, and we have done a lot of things to multiply. There is no impact, and it has caused a lot of problems for us to understand. We also have a lot of problems with the number of dog populations that have reached 100 meters and have caused a lot of problems for famous animals. And that these animals that have reached 100 meters are not only for the animals themselves, but also for the people of the world. We also have a lot of coffee and coffee to encourage the public. We also have a lot of animals that have reached a low level, so that they don't have to warm themselves up, and that the public is generally comfortable with them. The Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries in New York, Ezekiel Joseph, declared that the people, and then the Prime Minister, I have a lot to do in account, and then the cultivators, and the farmers here. Minister Joseph Diki, he knows the farmers, I have a lot of discussions, and also the Prime Minister, as we have Alain Chastney, and I think that we have a lot for the agricultural industry. Mainly, especially the farmers. I think that the corona has caused a lot of problems. I think that the Prime Minister, because the Prime Minister, the Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries in New York has a PR program, a promotion program, and an ugly thing to do. We have a brand thing to do, so there is a lot of adversity. The Prime Minister has a lot to do, but he has a lot of COVID-19, and he has a lot to do, but he has a lot to do. But I want to say that Cobra has developed, we have a lot of programs, we have a lot to develop, we have a lot to educate, we have a lot of benefits from the program, we have a lot to do, and I want to support you. Because we don't have a program like this, we have a lot to do that we have to have a lot of safety programs, and we have a lot to do. But the government has committed, the Prime Minister has committed to agriculture, specifically to agriculture, and we have a team in the Cabinet that has a lot of agricultural constituencies, and we have a lot to do, so we have a lot to do. So I want to say to the Minister, and the Ministry, that we have a lot to do. I would like to say that I have a lot of responsibility for agriculture and agriculture. Joseph, before we finish, I have a new information. Everyone who wants to be able to work with residents, and also those who want to work with residents, they have to work for this place, because they left this place, even if they can go to other countries that have a good control of the COVID-19, and they have to have their registration documents, and also their official test, which is negative, to be able to receive authorization to travel. The residents, and those who are not residents, they have to fill out their registration documents for at least seven days before they travel. Their official test is for seven days, and at least seven days before they travel, and they are attached to the application to be able to prove themselves in the laboratory. For more information, please visit www.saintlusha.org. Thank you very much for your time. I would like to thank Mr. Otter for his work. I would like to invite you to join us. I would like to invite you to join us. Thank you very much for your time. Thank you very much for your time. Thank you very much for your time. Mercier Pilgrimus, and that brings us to the end of NTN Nightly. Join us next time at 7pm with a repeat at 7am. You can also catch up with us anytime on the Saint Lucia Government Facebook page or YouTube channel. I am Janelle Norville.


Hey there friends. Thanks for checking in today. We're looking at a newer release from Smith & Wesson It's the M&P 2.0 10 millimeter with the 4.6 inch barrel They also make this with a four inch barrel. It offers four grip modules This does not belong to me. It's my buddy trees of blown We're going to get his thoughts on it He had a few issues had to send it in they took care of it You may notice it has raised rear sights and a raised front sight Front sight to run an optic. He has a vortex venom on here full pick rail and a trigger that measures right around five pounds Not a bad trigger, but that was one of the issues he had upon his purchase now the MSRP on this is 665 that's what he paid Right around there at his local gun store. It comes with two 15 round magazines in 10 millimeter Four grip modules. He's got the large one on there now Let's take a few shots and See how it does This also has the thumb safety All right. He's got that optics sighted in Really nice mention that it has the thumb safety. That's an option. All right as well as the grip Modules are options 4.6 inch barrel. They also have one with a 4 inch barrel. That's an option whatever red dot you want to put on there So long as the footprint will accept for this model. That's an option does have a rail right there nice trigger So now we're going to get it on the table talk about it figure out what went wrong if they fixed it a little testimony on the customer service with Smith and Wesson. Here's a closer look at the M&P 2.0 chamber in 10 millimeter with the 4.6 inch barrel I have trees are blowing with me. He's the one who purchased this gun. He put the vortex venom on there Why did you go with this model? I? Was wanting a 10 millimeter and I kept looking at it. I Kept looking for 10 millimeters all together and I just couldn't find it and I finally run across that and I thought you know what Let's do it. I wanted a longer barrel because possibly use it for hunting right and I we were just shooting this and We are shooting it next to a 45 in the 10 millimeter so much louder a lot of energy You wanted a 10 millimeter for a while you happy with it? Yeah, I am now I definitely had to go to back to Smith and Wesson because the trigger Let's just make sure that she's empty which I'm sure it is Can you see it? Yeah, the trigger right here was just gritty gritty gritty real nasty and he still got just a little hang up right there, but It's a thousand times better than what it was and the forcing cone was all raggedy You can see where they Did something to the forcing cone it took me five weeks to get it back, but they sent it back of course no cost to me and It's thousand times better than way better. The trigger is actually really nice between five and five and a quarter pounds It's got a nice break right there reset trigger bar safety in there. You mentioned it has Additional grip modules. Yep. It comes with four comes with a small medium large and extra large I've got the large in there the medium felt a little small for me, but the extra large Yeah, yeah, that's a little work, but it felt better to me. That's a handful All right, so it's got the raised two dot rear sights raised at front sight Forward serrations some of the other models. They just had the serrations there. This they actually put forward serrations and a vortex venom Six MLA. Yep. I think vortex makes some great optics. I got that under steel last week Palmetto State Armory had it It was 249, but they had a code that you could punch in for a hundred dollars off So I got that for a hundred and forty nine dollars plus tax and free shipping. So I come about 158 bucks I said, that's a no-brainer. Okay, and this one has the thumb safety. Yeah, others do not Okay, so I take it you went with this because that's what the store offered No, they had it without it, but I wanted that because like I said, I'm planning on hoping take that out there hunting this year Okay, and it is the ambidextrous You happy with it now. Yep a lot happier with it Okay, and I take a few shots already. We're gonna take some more It shoots nice. No doubt about it. Same disassemble. This is a M 2.0 Nice grip texturing additional grip modules trigger pull not bad right around five five and a quarter pounds raised sights and optic ready. They're all optic ready, right? I Think so on that model there. I think they all come up to great before inch and the fourth point six Yep, it's also available with a four inch model And 15 round mags 15 round to 15 round mags. All right, shoot it some more have at it. All right Let's do it. It's over 90 degrees out here. The hands are sweating and that grip texturing is Really nice. Let's go ahead and take a few more shots here and see how it does all right, I Like the idea that it has 15 round mags. That's that's nice now your 10 millimeter is Quite a bit more powerful than the 40 Smith and less that you're looking at on an average 180-grain bullet it travels at 1,250 feet per second while the 40 is right around a thousand feet per second and it is really loud More foot pounds of energy as well. So the 10 millimeter is getting more and more popular I think that's why Smith came out with this we're seeing many other manufacturers Including 1911's coming out in 10 millimeter and the the rod is becoming more and more popular It'd be nice if we could actually get it at the local gun store instead of having to order online Which is pretty much from what I found the best way to get 10 millimeters ordering it online But I'm running just typical target loads 180-grade CCI brass and it is hot out here and this slide is Hot I'm gonna try some one-handed shooting red dots are great But they're not for everybody and it's hard with a big pistol like this I believe I have six rounds loaded up when one-handed shooting because it shakes a little bit because it is heavy But let's see how I do about 12 yards away Shaken Just go figure. Yeah, you have to miss at least one But there it is the Smith & Wesson M&P 2.0 chambered in 10 millimeter 665 dollars Theresa Blowin's happy with it He likes it. He likes the combination with the vortex venom and the 15 round mags with that large backstrap It's a nice shooting handgun I'm glad to hear that Smith & Wesson made it right for him to make it a more pleasurable handgun to shoot If you like videos like this, please subscribe and share I always appreciate thumbs up button Thanks for watching and you guys be safe


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