Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Inizor Education. I would like to discuss today a particular circuit, a circuit which includes inductor and a capacitor. The inductor has a characteristic called inductance, which is usually symbolically used as letter L, and the capacitor has a capacity or capacitance, which is usually signified as letter C. So L-C circuit means it's a circuit with inductor, signified by L, and capacitor signified by C. So they are brought into the same circuit. Circuit has the source of energy, which is alternating circuit, and I would like to know what's happening. Now, this lecture is part of the course called Physics 14 on Unisor.com. I suggest you to watch the lecture from the Unisor.com because it has a textual explanation, which is basically like reading a textbook. And it's very important in this particular case for this lecture because it's basically math. And I think that this lecture should really be another evidence, so to speak, that mathematics is especially important in physics. You cannot really study physics without really good knowledge in mathematics. Now, that's why the course Physics 14 has a prerequisite. It's called Math 14 on the same website. I suggest you to basically familiarize with everything whatever is in there.  Because this lecture is basically less of a physics and more of mathematics including differential equations. And differential equations are everywhere in physics. I mean just starting from the second Newton's law when f is equal to ma, a is actually the second derivative of distance by time. So it's a differential equation. Okay. So, back to physics. So here is my circuit. It has a source of alternating current. Then it has an inductor. It also has a capacitor. Now, this is source of electricity. It's some kind of a generator which has a rotor. And the electromotive force generated, the voltage generated by this particular generator, is sinusoidally changed. Omega is angular velocity. T is time. And E0 is the peak voltage generated by this. So we did talk about this when we were discussing AC alternating current. Now, this is an inductor with inductance L. Now, what L actually means? Well, whenever you have certain current going through this inductor, you know around every wire there is a magnetic field. So whenever you have an inductor which has basically many loops, every loop results in a magnetic field which goes through this. So basically we have a magnetic field going through this inductor. Now, I'm interested in the voltage drop, VL of T, here. So why the voltage drops? Well, the voltage drops as the current goes through the inductor because there is a self-induction, if you remember what it is. So there is a special lecture in this course before this which explained why the self-induction actually exists. It resists if the current goes up, it resists to go up. If the current goes down, it supports it. So again, it resists to go down basically. So it's always against. So it's some kind of equivalent of resistance for a resistor. And here we have this self-induction which resists the electric current to change its value and the ability to do this type of thing obviously depends on what kind of inductor we have, how many loops, for instance, we have, what material, etc. So this voltage drop is actually a result of self-induction. Self-induction depends on how fast the magnetic flux is changing. It's a rate of change. So basically, this voltage drop is proportional to rate of change of magnetic flux. The faster the changing, the more resistance actually occurs. So basically the voltage drop is equal to L, I don't have space. So first of all, we are talking about rate of change. Rate of change means first derivative by time. And we have to multiply it by L and that's what gives me drop of the voltage. Okay, I'm sorry, it's not here, it's just this. The voltage depends only on rate of change. However, the magnetic flux depends on properties of inductor, which is L inductance, and the current which is going through it. That's where it is. So again, we have the current. Current generates magnetic flux which is proportional to inductance of the inductor. And the rate of change of magnetic flux gives me the self-induction which basically resists the change of the current. So that's all about inductor. Now let's talk about capacitor. So capacitor has a different property. The voltage here, if you have certain voltage between these two plates, there is certain amount of electricity accumulated on the plates. And there is a proportionality between the amount of electricity accumulated on the plates and the voltage. The greater the voltage, the greater amount of electricity accumulated. So amount of electricity Q divided by voltage is a constant which is capacity or capacitance of the capacitor constant. This is a constant. Now, what is Q of t? Q of t is amount of electricity. Now, what's important is the current. Now what is the current? Current is rate of change of Q, right? It's basically, again, first derivative. So the current which goes through this capacitor and the current does go, as you remember, because it's an AC. It's all dependent on, basically, it's equal to rate of change of the amount of electricity. This is basically a definition of the current. What is the current? Current is amount of electricity per unit of time, roughly speaking. More precisely, per unit of time means we are differentiating by time. So this is all about capacitor. Now, let's think about it. So we have a change of voltage here, drop of voltage and drop of voltage here, and it's supposed to be equal to original generated voltage. So basically I can say that Q of t should be equal to their sum. So this basically it. So we have completely defined our mathematical universe from which we can derive anything we want. How many? Well, first of all, obviously, I of t is the same. I mean, I didn't specify I l of t and I t and I c of t, because it's the same circuit, which means it's the same current going everywhere. So that's why I i is here and I is here. It's exactly the same I, the same current. The voltage drops are unknown and the current is unknown. So we have three variables. Okay, we have three variables and how many equations do we have? Well, these two make one equation where I of t and Vl of t is related. Now, these two make another equation if I will substitute Q. It will be also depending on I and Vc of t. And this is the third equation. We have three equations with three unknown functions. Now, a couple of these equations are differential, but still, I mean, it's still an equation. So from now on, we will basically devote our attention to mathematics rather than to physics. This is the end of the physical part of this lecture. Now let's talk about math. Okay, so what I would like to do is I would like to really reduce it to three equations. Now, first of all, this one. So if I will differentiate this 5t, I will get this. So let's just differentiate L times derivative of I should be equal to V, right? Okay, L times derivative of I should be equal to Vl of t. That's my first equation. Now, second equation from here. Now, if we will multiply here, it will be Q is equal to C times V. And now we're differentiating and we will get I. So I of t is equal to derivative of C times V. So C times Vc derivative. Okay? And third equation is as it is. Okay, this is my system of three equations. Two of them are differential, as I said. That's about it. Now, I'll name this. Now, E is a known function, right? So I assume that E0 and omega are known. So E is a known function. Unknown are I, Vl and Vc. Okay, so what do we do first? How do we solve it? Well, how do we solve any equations? We're trying to simplify it as much as possible, right? So first, we will find Vc from here, from the third one, and differentiate it and put it into the second one. So what I have is Vc of t is equal to E of t minus Vl of t. Now, I'm differentiating and multiplying by C. I of t is equal to C times derivative of this. Derivative of E of t is E0 cosine omega t and omega. Okay? Minus Vl of t. This is my equation. Now, together with this, the first one, I have only two unknowns, I of t and the L of t. So I will use the L of t from here and substitute here. All I need is differentiated. So I will have I of t equals C times omega times E0 times cosine omega t minus derivative of this, which is L times second derivative of t. This is the first and I'm differentiating. I will have second derivative. Now, I have one equation but of the second order because I have a second derivative here. But that's what it is. So let's just think about this. Let's just simplify it a little bit. I will move everything, move all unknown to the left. All right? So what I will have is... Oh, I think I've, by the moment, I of t is equal to C times this minus C. I forgot to multiply it by C. Sorry, I forgot the fact. So I of t equals C times this, derivative of this and derivative of this should be multiplied by C, right? And that's why C also should be here. Okay, let me check. C equals sine minus C L. Right, that's right, now it's right. Okay, well, as you see, sometimes we do make mathematical mistakes. Okay, so let's move everything unknown to the left. And what we will have is C times L times second derivative of t plus first plus I of t. It's equal to C omega E0 cosine omega t. Okay, so this is my differential equation of the second order, which I have to solve. Now, I'm not going to go into depths of how to solve differential equations in general. I'll do what physics usually are doing, the guess. Well, let's just think about it. See, this is the cosine. Now, this is the function and this is the second derivative of a function. If you recall the derivative of cosine, the first derivative is minus sine and derivative of sine is again cosine. So, doing the main function is second derivative. If main function contains cosine of omega t, my second derivative will also contain second derivative of the cosine, which is, again, contains cosine, right? First derivative is sine, second is cosine, with the coefficients. So, what I'm saying right now, that it makes sense for me to look for an equation of this type. I don't know what K is, but I think I can come up with certain K in such a way that this would be satisfied. Yes, it's a little trick and yes, it's only because this specific differential equation has this specific format. I have the function and its second derivative and I have a cosine here. I just recall that cosine, second derivative is also cosine, with some coefficients, so that's why if I will have this, most likely my cosine will just be reduced because the cosine will be here and the cosine will be here and all I need to do is find out what's my K. Let's try. So, first derivative is the derivative of K is a constant, so the derivative of cosine is minus sin and then the derivative of the inner function, which is omega, so it's minus K omega sin is omega, right? Now, my second derivative is derivative of sin is a cosine and another omega, so it's minus K omega square cosine omega t. So, if I will substitute the second derivative here and the function here, all of them will have cosine omega t and the cosine will go out, right? I can reduce everything by cosine. So, what will I have? I will have C L and the second derivative. So, it's minus C L K omega square and the cosine, which will be reduced. Now, plus function, this is also just K and this part, again, cosine goes out so I have C omega E0. That's my equation for K. It's a linear equation from which I can just find the K. So, what is the K? Okay, if I will take it out, it will be one minus this thing, right? So, it will be Cw, C omega, sorry, E0 divided by one minus C L omega square. Now, let me just reduce it in such a way that it will be much more simple and understandable, the physical part of it. So, let's talk about reducing numerator and denominator by C omega but will be E0 here. Here will be one over C omega minus L omega equals two. Now, let's recall our lectures on capacitors and inductor. In the capacitor lecture, one over C omega was actually designated as Xc, which is capacitive inductance. And L omega was, again, that was described in the inductor. This is inductive, how is it called? Inductive capacitive reactance and inductive reactance. Okay, yes. So, they are actually serving as equivalent in the capacitor and inductor's world equivalent to resistance. So, it's a capacitive reactance and inductive reactance. So, these are two reactances. But look at this thing, the difference between these two reactances, it looks like it actually can be viewed as a resistance, so to speak. Because, you see what happens here? What is I? Now, I would be equal to... I would be equal to... I would be equal to... that's my current. Which is this one, times cosine omega g. So, this is our first and most important part of the solution. We have found what is exactly the current which is circulating here. This current is equal to some multiplier times cosine. So, let's just compare it with our EMF generated by the generator of electricity. Now, both of them are sinusoidal. Both of them have the same frequency, the same angular velocity omega. Frequency is 2 pi times frequency. So, omega is 2 pi times frequency, right? Remember this. And this is the peak amperage. So, the peak amperage is equal to peak voltage divided by something. Well, remember the Ohm's law. The amperage is equal to voltage divided by resistance in a simple direct current circuit. So, basically, this difference between xc and xl, the reactants of the capacitor and reactants of inductor play exactly the same role as a resistance in direct current with a resistance in a circuit. So, this is our solution and that's very important. What's another important thing is, this is cosine and this is sine. Well, if you remember, cosine x is equal to sine of x plus pi over 2. Am I right? Sine x cosine of pi over 2, which is 0 plus cosine x and sine, yes. So, it looks like the oscillations of my current are shifted by pi over 2 to the left, right? This is a graph of this shifted to the left. Sine of x plus pi over 2 is shifted to the left by pi over 2 relative to sine of x. So, these oscillations and these oscillations, they're all oscillations with the same frequency at the same period, different template adopted, obviously, but the cosine is shifted to the left relative to the sine. So, that's very important. It's not in sync. I mean, it's shifted by, it's called phase shift. So, the current is shifted by pi over 2 to the left, which means it's prior in time than our oscillations of our EMF, voltage generated on the generator. Okay, now from here, we can very easily find the voltage drops here and here. So, let's do that. Okay. What can we use? Well, we definitely don't need this. And we don't need this. And we don't need this. Okay. So, first of all, we can very easily find VL. It's L times this. VL of T. That's the voltage drop on the inductor. It's equal to L times derivative of this. Okay, we have this multiplier times derivative of cosine. It's a minus sine of omega T times omega inner function, which is equal to... Look at this. L and omega are XL. So, it's minus E0 XL divided by XC minus XL divided by sine of omega. Okay, let's talk about this first. This is minus sine, which means it's opposite to this. It's anti-phase.  So, this function is this. This function is this. So, it's opposite. Or if you wish it's shifted by pi to the left or to the right, it doesn't really matter because it's pi and it's periodicity. Okay, so that's what we have gotten for this I of T. It's equal to E0 divided by XC minus XL cosine of omega. Okay, now let's talk about VC. Now, VC derivative is 1 over CI of T. So, how can I find... If I know the derivative, I have to integrate this, right? So, let's just integrate it. 1 over C, integrate of this. So, integrate from 0 to T, I believe. E0 divided by XC minus XL cosine of omega T equals... Now, what's integral of cosine? Well, what's the function derivative of which is cosine? Sine, right? So, we have to start from sine omega T. But if we will derive... If we will take a derivative from sine of omega T, we will have extra omega. So, I will put this, and then these are just multipliers and sine of omega T. Right? The derivative of sine is a cosine and omega will reduce with this one and 1 over C is still here, which is equal to... Again, 1 over C omega is XC by definition, right? So, we have E0 XC divided by XC minus XL sine omega. Well, first of all, let's just have a quick check. If you will add this one, which is VC. Well, now this is... It's not equal. I mean, I've just taken an integral. This is VC. So, if you will add VC and VL, you see XC and minus XL. So, it will be just E0 times sine, which is our original AMF. So, that's kind of checking, okay? Now, as far as what exactly these two things are, as you see, this is shifted by pi relative to this AMF. But this is the same in-phase. So, this one is in-phase. The voltage drop on the capacitor is in-phase with AMF. Voltage drop on inductor is in anti-phase. And my current is shifted by pi over 2, because cosine is shifted by pi over 2 to the left. So, which means this voltage on the inductor, which is shifted by pi to the left. This is shifted by pi over 2. So, this one precedes by pi over 2, my current. And this one follows by pi over 2, the current. So, that's how interesting it is. Well, that's basically it. What's important about this lecture, it kind of comprises everything you know about the AC, about inductors, inductance, capacitor, capacitors, capacity, capacitance, about inductive reactance and capacitive reactness of the inductor and reactness of the capacitor. It's kind of simpler. Which basically act as a resistance, as resistors. That's basically it. I do suggest you to read the text for this particular lecture. It basically has exactly the same thing. Maybe a little bit more concise and without little problems, which I have. But, you know, it's like a textbook. I do recommend you to basically take the whole course from munisor.com. It's logically arranged and I'm referencing certain other lectures. Before this, like for instance when I'm talking about reactance, it's all explained in the previous lectures and that's why it's very important to take the whole course. And, well, that's basically it. So, good luck. Thank you.


Yeah, so with Cross Country, I mean, they're in season from pre-season in Cross Country and then they have indoor track and outdoor track So they're pretty much in season from last weekend to Memorial Day weekend, so they get a couple little breaks in between But it's a really nice setup for us having the three different seasons because they get to train year-round and I get to see Them year-round so last track season outdoor specifically We really got to see some really big jumps and fitness with a lot of a lot of the men and the woman Just really big personal records and some in the distance events and that got them fired up and excited for this fall And I think it actually helped a lot of them decide that they wanted to go to Flagstaff and kind of take it to the next level a Group of seven men went to Flagstaff this past summer for the month of July And what happened was the year before three of them went and I suggested it to them because I did it I didn't college a couple times. So it was I felt like it really Kind of helped my fitness level kind of get to that next level and the fact that you're out there training for You're just out there training I mean I had a part-time job when I did it But it was just nice to be out there doing that and then so last year three of them went and this year seven of them Decided to go out to Flagstaff so it shows the the commitment and that they have big goals for the fall So for us as a cross-country program, it's the meets later in the season that have I Guess more weight So you get to a point that if you're a good enough team You're looking at possibly getting in at large bid to nationals if you don't finish in the top two at regionals So we really have to plan out our schedule based on on where we're gonna go and who we're gonna compete against later in the Season so after our two home meets we travel to vancourtland park in the Bronx in New York City and Iona hosts a meet there So we get to go against some big D1 teams and then after that we go to the Paul short Invitational which is at Lehigh University and that's one of the biggest invitations on the East Coast As far as college and high school and then two weeks after that We're actually traveling out to Los Angeles, California to Pomona, Pitzer and the team's really excited about that We're going out to race against some of the top teams in the West region and Division 3 and then after that I mean we have our conference meet regionals and hopefully nationals. Yeah, I mean on the women's team we have I Think it's three juniors right now, and then the rest are sophomores and freshmen. So we're still young We only have our third recruiting class coming in this this coming fall. So it's still a young team We don't really have any seniors But we do look to those juniors for leadership Kelly being one of them Mary Sam another one and then we all have a couple sophomores that have really stepped up to as far as some CJ Morris and a Chola dola on the men's side. It's It's tough. I mean we have a lot of so that first recruiting class are all juniors now and when I say first recruiting class, I mean my first recruiting class since I've come to Stevenson and It's just great group of guys. I mean I I always call on them to whenever we need I mean leadership. I mean Brett Olin is a big one Langston gash, obviously And it's just a lot of other juniors. They're Sam McCauley Jackson Moreau I mean they're I kind of go to all those guys Yeah, so September 1st is is the home the first home meet and that's more of a low-key meet But that's in the evening on a Friday September 1st and the second meet is the one that really means a lot to us It's the Shannon and ready imitational Shannon was a former cross-country runner here at Stevenson But also was a volunteer assistant coach for us in 2014 and she actually passed away due to complications with pneumonia in December of 2014, so we named the imitational after her and Proceeds go to her scholarship fund in the nursing department. So she was a really Inspiration inspirational person for us as a team and as a program and it's nice for us to be able to honor her


Dragon Quest XI is a great RPG. In fact, it's one of my favorites. By now, you've probably heard about all the great things about the story and gameplay, but have you ever thought about some of the dumb things about the game? The things that don't really make any sense? We took a look at some of the baffling design decisions of Dragon Quest XI in the previous video, and everyone liked it a lot, so we're going for round 2 today. Here are 5 more dumb things about Dragon Quest XI. Let's begin. In Dragon Quest XI, you guide a group of unique party members, each with their own struggles and conflicts as they go through their own individual character arcs and eventually resolve their problems. Every character in the team has either some problem, mysterious backstory or issue that needs to be seen all the way through, which eventually results in some insane power up. They all go through this. Every character. Well, every character except for Veronica. So Veronica is Serena's twin sister, but she doesn't quite look Mostly because she's had her age sapped away from her by the Lord of Shadows minions and couldn't get it back, leading to her being like 2 feet tall the entire game. This is her only real struggle throughout the story and given this plot point, players would naturally expect that by the end of the game she would eventually get her original body back. Well, this doesn't happen. At least not in the way some people wanted. Veronica gets a necklace in the story that briefly turns her back into an adult and for some reason it's only temporary.  She can briefly turn back to an adult for the pet power, mighty magic burst with a full adult model and everything and then she turns back into a child immediately afterwards. This is dumb. Not only does this leave Veronica as the only character without some kind of resolution to their story, it also makes Dragon Quest XI seem a little more like Game of Thrones during a certain scene. This is absolutely one of the dumbest things about the entire game. Do you want to know what I think? I think the developers just didn't want to rig dozens of animations for her adult model with all the different costumes because it would be too much work so they scrapped the idea. It's really the only thing that makes sense considering how baffling and meaningless this entire sub-story is without any kind of resolution. I mean, what is the point of making her like this? How does this impact the story in any way? Might as well have just made her an adult and call it a day. This story wouldn't have been much different at all. Many people really did expect that she'd get her adult form added to the game when they announced Dragon Quest XI. But sadly, that was not one of the additions to the game. No, every other character got a brand new chapter with story content except for her. Obviously, it was much more important to see an amnesiac Eric stumbling around with a heel slime for 20 minutes rather than give Veronica a resolution.  Definitely one of DQ11's biggest blunders and an overall makes the game feel like something is missing. JRPGs and airships have a long history together. Oftentimes, in a JRPG, you'll eventually get to a point late in the game where you unlock some sort of way to quickly fly across the whole map and avoid enemy encounters entirely, which is beyond empowering when you've become so used to monsters assaulting you every few steps you take. Dragon Quest has had different kinds of airships in every single game since Dragon Quest III, ranging from magical birds, hot air balloons, flying carpets, and even haunted mattresses. Unlocking a flying machine in Dragon Quest is one of the best moments in any game because you can just hop on and quickly fly over mountain ranges and oceans and land anywhere you want with no random encounters. It's amazing how much freedom you feel when riding one of these things.   You unlock Cetacea a little more than halfway through the game and she can be summoned anywhere on the map. Cetacea can quickly fly you across the entire map in seconds like her predecessors, but there's one key difference that just ruins the entire experience. Cetacea can't land anywhere you want. She can only drop you off at whale waystations, which are very specific points hiding some sort of special loot that you can't get normally. That's right, if there's some city or island you want to go to, Cetacea can't bring you there. You have this giant flying whale and it can't bring you where you want to go. The entire purpose of airships and jarepriges is to let players easily fly over obstacles and get around the map easier to cut back on the tedium of traveling over the game world. Cetacea doesn't do any of that.  There have been moments in the game when I wish I could have had Cetacea flying me somewhere. There are several small islands located on the outskirts of Urdrea that are very hard to get to and require sailing around practically the entire map to get to them. You can't zoom to them either. You have to start off at some city's port and sail all the way there while getting attacked by giant octopuses every five seconds. You have to do this every time you want to visit one of them.  They could have easily circumvented this by giving us a proper airship in the game instead of whatever the hell Cetacea was supposed to be. I'm just amazed at Dragon Quest 8, a game that released over a decade before Dragon Quest XI pulled off this mechanic much much better.  The Luminary was chosen to go back in time to use his knowledge to fix things, which is why it is so weird how dumb he can be. The Luminary goes back in time knowing that King Carnelian is actually being possessed by the main villain Mortigan and because the Luminary is a silent protagonist, he says absolutely nothing when Carnelian is putting on the nice guy act in front of his friends. In fact, he doesn't even seem to realize it himself, he just has this dim-witted expression on his face the whole time. When Carnelian asks to see the sword of light, he reaches for it and the Luminary doesn't do anything. He just stands there and practically lets it happen. If the Darkling didn't end up smacking his hand, I bet Mortigan would have had the sword again.  Like, what is wrong with this dude? It gets even more dumb. Carnelian invites everyone to the castle after work for a celebration and everyone just goes without any question at all. Even the Luminary, who should know that this dude is evil.  There's no way this could be a trap.  And of course, later that night when the Luminary is sleeping in one of the guest rooms with his shoes still on, Carnelian sneaks in to steal the sword of light, which is left on a sword stand right out in the open just waiting to be stolen. How surprising. If only someone from the future knew he would do that. Oh wait, that's right.  And of course, the Darkling ends up preventing Carnelian from getting the sword again, but if it wasn't there, Mortigan absolutely would have had the sword again. And the entire reason for the Luminary going back in time would have been completely meaningless. The Luminary has to be one of the dumbest main characters I've ever seen just because of the sequence of events alone. So, rewinding back to the early part of the game, the Luminary and Eric perform their famous escape from the Heliodor dungeons where they go down a tunnel into the sewers and try to avoid the guards in one of the game's mediocre tacked-on stealth sections. At a certain point, the two of them find themselves in a dark room thinking they're alone, only to discover that a massive black dragon lurks under Heliodor Castle which gives chase. That's right, there's a dragon living under Heliodor Castle. Do I have to explain how absurd this is? How did nobody notice this for years? Could you imagine working at the castle and just hearing a dragon stomping and rumbling around underneath the floor or breathing fire? There being a dragon under the castle just doesn't make any sense. How do the guards who seem to regularly patrol the sewers not notice this? There's a dragon sleeping under the castle. Even if you want to use the argument that it works for Mordigan or something, it doesn't make sense that literally everyone was oblivious to the dragon. The servants and maids never noticed it, the guards never found anything in their many patrols. Castles usually deal with pest control problems swiftly, meanwhile Heliodor Castle just has a giant fire-breathing dragon casually sleeping in a cave under the foundation. Like what would happen if the dragon decided to come out one day? It could destroy the castle, it could destroy the entire city. They are putting literally everyone's lives in danger by allowing it to basically live in the city walls. But oh no, the luminary is a problem. He's practically wandered all over the city. Some dumb guy with a bad haircut is clearly a much greater threat to the kingdom of Heliodor rather than a literal dragon living in the city. The people in the city are idiots.  In Dragon Quest XI, the luminary goes back in time to prevent all the destruction of Act 2 from ever happening, but mostly it was to bring Veronica back to life who sacrificed herself to save the others. This is a very cool aspect of the gameplay in theory, however the sad reality is that a lot of important character progression in Act 2 ends up being basically a race when you go back in time.   Honestly, this leaves me with mixed feelings. I'm glad Veronica is back, but it's like they've reversed so many important things that happen. Hendrik's character is basically ruined, let's be real. His entire character arc where he joins forces with the luminary to atone for his actions, complete with all the battles and trials they went through together, plus that epic speech, gone. Never happened. Instead, in Act 3, he just kind of joins you without any of that character development. King Cornelian 2, he barely tries to make any sort of amends with you in Act 3, while in Act 2 he was much more apologetic and fleshed out. Silvando and Eric to Act 2 stories basically got a much more rushed version in Act 3, and Serena's character development, just forget about that. It's completely reversed, it's like the opposite of a character development, it's a character regression. She ends up becoming reliant on Veronica again and loses her super sage abilities as a further Basically, Act 3 of Dragon Quest XI is a mixed bag. It isn't terrible, but it's unfortunate that so much had to be sacrificed just to get a happy ending. It almost feels like it wasn't very well thought out at times. You'll even get some inconsistencies and plot holes in Act 3, such as Michelle being alive somehow, even though she shouldn't be by this point. Just loads of plot holes and inconsistencies arise as a result of this time jump and it is very unfortunate. It's a bittersweet feeling knowing that going back in time to fix some problems ended up resulting in even more problems being created, which really makes players wonder if they did the right thing by going back.  I can talk about all the dumb things about the series all day, so if you want to hear me talk about more things about Dragon Quest and other games, let me know in the comments. Thanks for watching and I'll see you next time.


What's up everybody, it's Jason here for Jaspyscasebreak.com. We're giving away the last six spots in prism. Picker team number eight, that helps fill it up with this 2022 prism football pack break number four. So the way this first guys is we're doing a break, right? 32 spots, no better than common ship out of the pack. We'll randomize it because of our names and teams. Then at the end, once the one pack break is over, we'll randomize the 13 names that we bought in and top, not nine, but top one, two, three, four, five, six, I guess Joe forgot to change it where it says top nine, but it's supposed to be top six, but top six, of course, win a team. So we'll match you up here from the Atlanta Falcons up there. I think we're 250, Titan's 250 plus. A lot of these teams are actually over 200, all the way down to Baltimore. So like I said, we'll do the break first, but I was gonna name teams and at the end we'll see who gets some of those teams there. So let's roll the dice and it's a four to one, five times, good luck. One, two, three, four, and five. Five times, five. Anthony, down to David. And this is for the one pack break first, guys. Five times, one, two, three, four, five. Ravens, none of the bills. All right guys, so again, stick to what you got, of course, just because it is a quick pack filler. But there is obviously chances of you hitting something really nice, guys. Short spreads, case hits, autographs, good rookie color. So obviously take a look at your teams really quick, but we're not gonna do any trades. Pack from a box, guys, pack from a box. See what we got here, looks like we got a Ruby wave. Got two colors, baby, here we go, nice. Sam Williams, a little NF Walker. See what we got here. And look at that, how beautiful is that? Fireworks, Kenny Pickett. Little Blue Ice, 21 out of 99. That's going to the Pittsburgh Steelers who got randomized to Anthony V, there you go, man. I'm sure that probably pays for your pack filler spot, right? You got a second numbered card of James Cook, very nice. Good running back there for the bills. Red wave to 149. And that's Buffalo Bills, Davey Lemons. Let's leave it up, Kenneth Walker. All right, there you go, nice little pack right there, guys. Now let's switch scenes and let's do the main giveaway, guys. So again, top six win a team, guys. Here we go, dice, roll it up some names. Roll it again, and it is a four, now, two and a two. Here we go, four times, top six win a team. One, two, three, four. Boom. Just missing out was Charles, unfortunately not in, buddy. But Connor, you're in, you're getting a team. Sean Matik, Matthew, Shira, Brian Boone, Rick Thomas, and Josh Melton, there you go. So I'm gonna paste it in the whole list, but... Of course, only top six, you got a team. There you go, guys. So boom. Josh, you have Atlanta, Rick, you have Tennessee, Ryan Boone with the Kansas City Chiefs, Matthew with Detroit, Sean Matik with Carolina, and then Connor with Baltimore. So there you go, guys. So now, coming up next, is prison Pikachu number eight. Good luck, guys.


When I first heard about options trading, I immediately thought about risky plays in the stock market where you can make a lot of money really fast, but you can also lose it all really fast. After educating myself about options trading, I wanted to see for myself and see if it's an option for me. See what I did there? So I started with purchasing call options, which I'm not going to cover in this video, but to give you a short explanation, if you purchase a call option, you buy the right, not the obligation to purchase a specific stock at a specific price within a specified time. So you're basically hoping for the stock to appreciate in value so you can either sell the option for more money or exercise the right and purchase the shares at the strike price. All right, so I started purchasing call options and I had some good trades, I had some bad trades and I quickly realized I don't know what I'm doing here. So instead of betting and hoping for a stock to appreciate in value, I had to change my strategy. So I started selling options.  What is selling a put me? When you sell a put, you are agreeing to purchase a specific stock at a specific price at a specific time. Let me give you an example. I have $1,000 in my brokerage account and I like the stock ABC, which currently trades at $10. I now sell a put option at $9 with the expiration date of next week, Friday. Since one contract always handles 100 shares of the underlying stock, this means I need $900 as a collateral in case ABC's price drops to $9 on expiration date. For this contract, I receive a premium of 50 cents per share, which brings my premium to $50, which I immediately receive in my account. Now I have to wait till Friday and see what happens. Now we have two outcomes. Number one, ABC trades above $9 and I don't have to purchase any shares. My collateral gets released back into my account and I now have $1,050 in my account. Outcome number two, ABC trades at $9 and I get assigned 100 shares of ABC. My account now holds $150 in cash and 100 shares of ABC, which are currently worth $900. So this was week one and depending on the outcome, I can either sell another put or if I got assigned 100 shares, I can do the following. Now that I own 100 shares of ABC, I can sell a call, which means I am willing to sell my 100 shares at a specified price at a specified time. So I could technically sell an $11 call option with the expiration date on Friday. For this contract, let's say I get a premium of four cents per share, which brings the premium up to $40, which immediately gets credited to my account. I now have $190 in cash in my account and my 100 shares of ABC are up for sale at $11. We have two outcomes again. Number one, ABC trades below $11 and I don't have to sell my 100 shares and I keep the premium of $40. Pretty simple. Outcome number two, ABC trades above $11 on expiration day and I have to sell my 100 shares at $11. I now get $1,100 credited to my account plus I keep the premium of $40. My total account is now worth $1,290 all in cash. All right, this is beautiful, but now let's see real trades and I can show you exactly how I got paid $1,200 and $1,500 in just two weeks. So as you can see here, I sold a put on the stock riot with a strike price of $54 with an expiration date of 319. I was able to purchase seven contracts which paid a premium of $1,190, which got credited to my account immediately. Let's fast forward to March 19th and see what happened. Riot traded at $60.65, which means I didn't have to purchase any shares and my collateral got released. Next week, I did the exact same trade but with a different expiration date. I sold a put with a strike price of $54 with the expiration date of March 26th. For this contract, I got paid a premium of $1,519. Let's see what happened on March 26th. On expiration date, riot traded at $48.22, which means I got assigned and I had to purchase 700 shares at the strike price of $54. So what can I do now? Now that I own 700 shares of riot, I can either just hold on to them and don't do anything or sell a call option receiving another premium and say I'm willing to sell them at a specific price. I obviously looked at different scenarios and here's what I think I'll be doing. If riot trades above $54, I might sell all of my 700 shares immediately and also sell another put option with a very low strike price, probably around 48. My premium might be a little bit lower. I don't know why, but I feel like there might be a little correction in Bitcoin, which also brings down the price of riot. So that's why I don't wanna risk too much of it and don't hold on to my 700 shares at 54. If riot trades below 54, I'm obviously gonna hold on to my shares and just gonna sell another option at either exactly 54 or 55. So I get like a little bit of stock appreciation as well. But yeah, that's it for today's video guys. If you enjoyed this video, I would highly appreciate it if you just leave one like, that's all, that's all I'm asking. Just like one click that would help me out a lot. Thank you so much for watching. I'll see you next time.


Here we go What's up money gigs mr. V here welcome to another video guys so into this video. I want us to talk about NFT so this is something that has been trending and you see it online a lot of news about NFTs so I wanted to cover that here and also give you guys some Opportunities that you can invest in NFTs if you haven't already So that's what I want us to cover into this video But before we get started guys if you're new to the channel We took about how to end money how to save money how to invest and build wealth So if that's something that interests you go ahead and hit that subscribe button and the notification bell So you don't miss out on new content when it comes to NFT it stands for non fungible tokens so that is the actual definition and You have two kinds of tokens out there in this space You have fungible tokens that would include things like your Bitcoin you through you Even your money that you carry around those would be fungible tokens Then we are the flip side not fungible tokens are things that cannot be replicated So if you have for instance your birth certificate You cannot replicate your birth certificate and give it to somebody else in that person can use it and say there Are you there's only one you and it's only one purchase birth certificate that attach to you So again, I just want to give you guys that context So again, if you look at it fungible tokens, we include things like Bitcoin you can own as many bitcoins as you want More than one person can own a bit coin as a matter of fact If you go right now, there's millions of people that have bought bitcoins and own it with our non fungible token Only one person can own that particular asset again Let's take for instance. Let's say a really good artwork that was created You can only that one person can buy that artwork and maintain that for life And they cannot share it with any other person. So I hope this is kind of like a breakdown of what that really Means again, this is trending now online in a lot of people are asking this question So I want to make sure that cover it here and really give us some opportunities where we can actually Make some money. So if you're wondering where you can buy and sell NFTs are the first place I want you to go is go to open seas I think this is the largest NFT marketplace So if you go there, you can create your account and then you can create your NFTs and then sell them So if you are again a great artist and you have the skills to actually create digital at work You can create it here and post it and sell it just so you know a lot of the people that are selling our people that Famous or really great artists again, you can try your luck if you create something unique Somebody is willing to pay for it. And the beauty about this NFTs that I see in my opinion is that it is actually Verifiable and then You can trade it in the blockchain. So that is how they are attached to the blockchain So when you create that artwork it is verifiable so that nobody can go copy it and say oh here It is once you create the very first one and it gets verify Any other copy that somebody creates it's never gonna get verified because there's only that that original copy that you created So that's something that I just wanted to bring out to you guys The second place where you can actually create and sell NFTs would be super rare So a simple principle go there create your account if you're good If you have some artwork that you can digitize and put on there go ahead and do it Get it verify and you can sell it on the blockchain and make some money So those are two places where you can actually go to buy and sell You know NFTs, but if also one there's more out it is one called nifty gateway And then there's another one that's an MBA top shop so you can go check them out I'm not gonna try to go through all of that because I'm not really into buying and selling to start at work What I'm just looking for is an opportunity to trade benefiting from NFT Momentum that we have right now. So if I give you some examples here We have Jack Dosey is offering to sell the first tweet as an NFT and the highest bid is 2.5 million that's insane I if you can see here the first tweet on Twitter There's only one that would exist in the world and only one person can own it at a time Or if you have multiple people can put their money together and buy it But you cannot have two of those tweets at the same time the first tweet is only one So that's what makes it That's what makes it a non fungible token because you cannot replicate it Nobody can replicate that first tweet and if we see again here Elon Musk also Turn down one million dollar offer to buy his tweet as an NFT. So I mean his rich I don't see why he wants to sell it that would be for him to digitize it and put it in his own collection So not it for him to want to sell that so now that we understand what NFTs are Where you can buy or create and sell NFTs now Let's switch gears and go over to where we mean you can benefit from this If you don't want to create and sell NFTs, what companies can you trade that in the NFT space? So the first one that we have here is currency works. So currency works. I mean, they're actually proud themselves as correct redefining how companies can digitize and monetize their asset So I'm gonna put the link to the description in the description below Definitely go check out their website read about the company and what they do So when I was doing this video on the stock is currently sitting at about three dollars and forty six cents So if I go back to a one-day chart, you see it's just been slowly Moving up if you go to a month look at this just back on on March 4th this stock was trading at $1 and then this crave of NFTs just just wing a dessert and see how this thing just squeeze up is now sitting at $3 and for the six cents and again If the momentum continues, I'm seeing the price point for this one would probably go all the way to like $10 So this would be one that you can definitely benefit from and again guys. These things are super Volatile so the volatility here is insane. So be careful when you're trading this I want you to go in there with a plan and half a stop loss because It must can tweet something about it and this whole thing collapses. So you just be careful So the second one a half year is called take on art. So this one again does provide an opportunity for people to own NFTs so you can go check out their website Just so you know that with that particular one is it's a Chinese company ticket symbol is TKAT Go check them out when I went through the website. It's a little bit flimsy for my taste It looks really really Amateur is and I'll think that for a company that's trading on the NAS that you can hire Some good designers and get your website up to date and make it really look good And I'm gonna point something out that I saw here that really kind of Rob made the wrong way I point that out for you guys shortly But this one just today also went crazy. So if you see here This thing was trading early morning under $6 When the market opened and then it just kind of squeezed all the way all day to a hive about $24 and 20 cents before pulling back and sitting at 20 22 dollars after hours. So again Looking into Thursday this thing my squeeze all the way to 35 Just based on the ways we move and see that was 277 percent So this thing my squeeze all the way to 35 before pulling back So I want you to definitely keep an eye on this one. So on the third one here is Oriental culture holding so the ticket symbol is OCG. So here's what I said I wanted to point out for you guys to kind of take a look, right? So if we go here, take a look at this website Look here at the bottom. This is the website for OCG group. Then now let's switch back to take on Art you could take a look at the website. Do you see anything similar? I see everything it looks it looks about the same look at the image in the background here And then when I go to OCG look at the image in the background pretty much the same It's just like copy and paste. It looks like it's the same company that is Running the take on holding that's also Doing the OCG here. So again guys, these are Chinese based companies We've we've known a lot of Chinese companies to be you know acting a little bit flimsy So be careful with this one take advantage make some money out of it But always make sure you have a stop loss in case things started to go south Just so you can protect yourself then the next one again at number four that I want to bring out to you guys is ZK international so this one Definitely if you can see here to say to provide clean water through their innovative high-quality water piping, but yes subsidiary This is the one that's going to get in so yes subsidiary Xsigma is actually the one that's going into non-fungible token market Which is projected to be about 1.3 billion in 2021 again This is one that you want to put on your watch list the ticket symbol here is ZKIN And again this one too. It's just the same if you can see all these stocks move at the same time So you can see that it started here at about under seven dollars And then throughout the day squeeze all the way to a high of about nine dollars and 21 cents Before pulling back and then sitting here after ours still over nine dollars So definitely something that you want to keep an eye on so guys Again, I wanted to bring this up to you so that you guys are aware of some of the Opportunities that we have out there. So NFT is now trending a lot of people are taking advantage of it So if you're trading again, you have two opportunities to benefit from the trend You can benefit from actually creating and selling your own NFTs Which are digital asset or you can actually create or you can actually trade companies that Operate in that space again. We went through three of the companies here tickets symbol CWRK That was the first one. So go was ticket symbol TKAT the third one was ticket symbol OCG and then the last one here was ticket symbol ZKI and Again, I mentioned that CWRK is over the counter this one You cannot buy it on Robin Hood on Weibo and one finance on so far most of their Platforms that people use right now were called millennia traders use you're not gonna be able to buy over the counter stacks You'd have to go to Vanguard fidelity to the Ameritrade Each rate to be able to buy over the counter stacks and some of them you still have to pay commission to buy them So I just want to make sure that you guys are aware of that So that is some of the stuff that I wanted to bring out to you guys just so you guys are aware Again, some of the plays in the NFTs space so we can take advantage of these momentum and hopefully make some money together So let me know the comment section what you think about this Are you in the space? Do you care about? NFTs at all or you don't really care for me. I'm not an artist. I'm not a star. I'm not rich I'm not gonna be buying any NFTs anytime soon because I don't have the money But I want to trade stocks that would give me some profit on that I can benefit from so that's my game plan again Let me know in the comment section what you think if you're new to the channel We took about how to earn money how to save money how to invest and build wealth So that's something that interests you go ahead and hit that subscribe button any notification bell So you don't miss out on your content And also if you are looking to get started with investing Webo has their promotion where if you sign up and deposit a hundred dollars you get free stocks Somewhere between two fifty to sixteen hundred dollars links in the description below and as always guys Do your due diligence.


Hi, my friends call me live and I want to help you perform even better in your videos And so let's talk about body language. How is your posture? How do you move in front of the camera? What facial expressions are you using? All of this can make or break whatever message that you're trying to convey through a camera because Body language affects how your audience feel For example, how welcome do you feel when I'm crossing my arms like this and using the facial expression that I'm using right now As opposed to the body language that I usually have many times We're not even aware of what signals we're sending through our body language and Even if we are we might be so used to them that we do them anyway I for example have a tendency to Mark every word that I'm saying like this and after a while it gets so annoying and I don't even think about that. I'm doing it So I try to cut myself off here so that my hands can do whatever they want under the camera And if I need to mark something I do this or that So your challenge is to find a body language that works in your favor that you feel comfortable with and that Resonates with your audience What is the answer? What body language should you use? Well Different people will tell you different things Some will tell you to stand like this while others say that's too close to the mr. Burns pose Others say that you should stand with your arms behind your back like this To have an open body language as much as possible But others tell you not to some say that you should stand with your arms at your size like this, but I Think that completely lacks expression So if you listen to all of them, then what body language do you really have left? And this is why I'm claiming that there is no one correct posture what body language you should use entirely It depends on the situation and what works on your audience specifically and once that's in the bag Then you can cope with whatever body language you feel comfortable with now if you want to think about body language You can think about it in white terms Think about what you want to achieve Sometimes you want a slow body language to relax your audience Sometimes you want to have an open body language to be welcoming, but other times that might not be as fitting Sometimes you want to have a high status body language to gain respect other times You want to level with them to show them that you're just like that. So how can you better your body language? Thank you so much for watching. Bye


This is Nate Adams with energy smart home performance and I want to walk you through the habitat project now that the duct work is mostly in So here's what we're looking at This is put up for where the thermostat will go. That's pretty central in the house You can see there's a front door And over here and then it's going to have a central return Coming through there and then each bedroom as you return one there One over here purposely place some place where it's not super likely. They'll have furniture. So hopefully they don't get blocked and then The supply trunk we ended up running up into the attic. So this is coming from the crawl space below and Then up high You can see it pops up up here and there are two supplies that go over to the living room One there and one there and we're going to direct these up against the ceiling so the air goes up And over and mixes nicely so that hopefully nobody will ever feel the flow coming across them and Then I'm going to do ceiling diffusers here that go several different directions But the bed is going to be for instance that way and we're not going to send airflow that direction So hopefully we don't make anybody cold if there happens to be cool air blowing So that's one of them and the other bedroom Yeah, you know drywall walk through the wall still the other bedroom comes out over here and then from this main trunk line There'll be another one punched over that's going to go into the bathroom Somewhere up in here. I let them decide which one they want to do And then The last thing to note is they've done a pretty nice job of sealing the joints. So this is mastic right here It's also uses a tile glue It's not quite as thick as I'd like so the rule of thumb is thick as a nickel or nickel thick and That's not quite there and there's one joint if you can see right up in there that Definitely didn't get hit that we're going to need to try and figure out. This is where it gets tricky though because we're Stuck with some wood along there. So it's difficult to get these last couple of spots, but those spots are Well that one in particular looks quite leaky. That's a big gap So we'll get that adjusted when they come back, but certainly I'm happy with what I see thus far and Thanks to having this nice little attic space here It's a great place to run ductwork through the attic normally running ductwork through the attic is not the best idea in the world But in this case it's going to work just fine. It's actually really a convenient place to do it


Well, at least she wasn't a Cylon. Ooh, that's a hot mug, guys! Hey guys, this is my review for Roadkill of Supernatural Season 2. This is an episode that had Trisha Helfer in it. Most of you probably know her as the main Cylon lady from the Battlestar Galactica series, which was also shot out here. If I were to say the three main sci-fi shows that really started the whole boom of filming in Vancouver would be X-Files, Stargate, and Battlestar Galactica. Even though I've actually met a few people who worked on it and they were calling it Cry Babies in Space. Anyways, this episode is about Sam and Dean helping Trisha find her husband as well as escape this area that is being haunted by this hillbilly ghost who is hunting her. And I'm just gonna skip to the twist right here. She's actually been dead this whole time and we find that out at the very end of the episode when they take her to her husband's house and she sees that she's actually been dead this whole time and then they replay through the episode and they show all the things about the secret parts that you didn't see but the brothers knew. In terms of a narrative purpose, I actually don't mind it the first time. Re-watching this episode, it's not that great. It's actually probably the most buzzkill episode of this entire season for me. It's a one-off, which is unfortunate because sometimes movies and television episodes have that really interesting twist, but it's a one-off. It has nowhere near as much grandeur as it does in the second time viewing. And there are certain films that follow that kind of mentality, usual suspects as much as I love that poster and as much as I love that movie, nowhere near as good as watching it the second time. And this episode does have some cool aspects to it of the idea of a ghost being a resident human and not only being that, but also being on an area every year, just once a year. The mentality as well of the episode is that they have to try and find the guy but they have to wait until this exact time of year but I don't really get it because really they could just find this dude's bones any day but they have to be chased by danger to find it. I don't know. Actually he is a pretty decent one-off because it starts like that with the brothers just coming across it. So I do enjoy the episode. It's not as great of a rewatchable episode in terms of such a big talent being in it. It's only really remembered for this twist. Still decently shot, still decently played out but otherwise I'm gonna give this episode a three out of seven. Now I asked for you guys' comments about this episode. Let's see what you guys had to say. Roadkill introduces the first good guy ghost non-related to the Winchesters and is my least favorite episode. However, it's still enjoyable and the cinematography is really well done. Yeah, I'm actually kind of curious. This might actually be my least favorite episode of this entire season. Have I given any other episode a three yet? Roadkill has a great song choice, House of the Rising Sun and a good twist at the end but I actually prefer the supernatural anime version of the episode. But the main thing I like about this episode and one thing that goes missing in the later season is the fact that death used to be the unknown. I like how the audience didn't know if when the girl moved on she was going to a better place or not and Sam only having theories on what happens when you die makes the situation more emotional and uncertain. I'll agree with you there. It actually makes it feel a lot more kind of ambiguous, a lot more of whether they did the right thing or not. Definitely been sour in recent years but I get where you're going. I really enjoy Roadkill, one of the more creative Monster of the Week episodes. Really enjoyed the sixth sense element with how Molly is in the accident but doesn't actually realize she's a ghost until the end. I also appreciate the episode just jumps into the brothers taking the case instead of the typical research and interviewing that takes up most of the time. I'll agree with you there. Like I said, for a one-time watch, the pacing of the episode and how they set it up is pretty decent. Doesn't carry over to a repeat viewing, but yeah, I always enjoy watching Trisha Helfer. I personally first recognized her role from Goddess and Charlotte from Lucifer. Oh, I didn't even know she was in it. Honestly, I've tried to watch Lucifer. I've tried so hard but I still can't get through the first season. I think I'm like on episode eight, but it's a bit much. I remember watching Roadkill for the first time and being really shocked by the twist with Molly being a ghost and relying on the cycle for 15 years. The episode does bring up death and how no one really knows if you're going to a good place or not even when you eventually pass. I also realized another reason why I love this show is the use of rock music. When the House of the Rising Sun plays, it just clicked in my head and it fit perfectly for supernatural. Just realized this upon rewatching Roadkill. Yep, I'll agree with you. House of the Rising Sun was done very well. I still say it's the best used in Casino. Roadkill was a great episode with a surprise ending. Although if you're paying attention all along, you will see hints that were dropped by Sam. The setup certainly rewards with repeated viewing. Not actually rewatching it, it's even more obvious. I haven't rewatched this episode in a while but my God, was it so obvious when this stuff started coming up? It was like, Jesus, Sam is just like almost about to lay it down.  Yeah, I don't know. I don't enjoy this episode as much as other people do and it's not age as well for me but that's just my own opinion. All right, guys, that's all for me. I hope you enjoyed this review. Please give me your review for heart, which is the next one.  This is a great episode. This is literally the best romantic one-off episode they ever did. Anyways, guys, that's all for me. Give your comments about heart in the comments below and I'll make sure to read the best ones off for next time.  I'll see you guys next time. Thanks for watching the video. My name is Nitz and you might remember me from the animated cult classic TV show, Undergrads. It's been a while but I'm happy to say the click is finally getting back together in an all new movie thanks to a successful Kickstarter campaign. But we are still asking for your support. To see any and all updates about the upcoming Undergrads movie, be sure to check out and like the Bring Back Undergrads Facebook page. And with any luck, we'll see you guys soon.


Thanks very much everyone and I don't know about you, but I've thoroughly enjoyed today So what I want to do is just start by very quickly Putting your hands together for the all the organizers the volunteers basically everyone who's come together for WordCamp Europe at around 9 30 on the night of October 29 1969 a group of researchers from UCLA sent their first message on the ARPANET to that University of Stanford just down in San Francisco and the message they sent about half the length of California was simple log in And with the sending of a five letter message the path for the internet and eventually the worldwide web had begun It wasn't in the suspicious beginning because the message that actually made it to Stanford was low performance issues have been with the net from the start and It's performance that I want to talk to you about today the direction the web is going is something that concerns me a great deal I started developing websites back in the 1990s and back then we had a maximum download speed of 56 kilobits per second Which was very much a theoretical at best So back then we cared about every bite on the page. We had to we had no choice And I still think about bites on the page in my role as WordPress engineer a human made If anything working on high-end sites using WordPress increases the need to think about performance like it or not WordPress has a reputation for being slow and in some respects. This is actually fair enough in others It's an exaggeration. You could say the same about any CMS about any other code on the net. I Haven't think the front-end code is slow and this too is an exaggeration The code itself isn't slow. It's the quantity of code on the typical website that is slow Simply put there are too many bites on the page Each month the HTTP archive records the state of front-end web development Including how we as web designers and developers are changing the web By collecting statistics on the Alexia top 1 million sites In April last year we passed an average of 2 megabytes per web page, and we have not looked back We're currently sitting at a little under 2.3 megabytes per page And we will pass to two and a half meg per page by the end of the year That's for each and every page on the internet There are any number of statistics that I could show you to demonstrate what we as web designers and developers have Done to damage the web and yes, I said damage the web I Could show you the slowly but steadily increasing number of assets we're using currently about a hundred per page, but I won't I Could show you the 15-fold increase in the use of web fonts or any number of the 44 data points made available by the HTTP archive But I won't show you those either. I won't show you those because while they're factual, they're all quite abstract So instead together We're going to do an experiment What we're going to do is we're going to wait out the typical web page loading in awkward awkward silence That's 4.2 seconds before render begins 12.7 before visual completeness and 15.2 for the page to finish loading And it's worth remembering that this is the average load time on a desktop using a fast wired broadband connection And while it takes 15 seconds for the average Average web page to load. I think it's noble to have a site readable by the visitor within two seconds And that's not some random number. That's chosen for a reason Walmart have found that their conversion rate declines exponentially the longer the user waits for the web page to load With the first four seconds being the real killer We're undermining our own return on investment Once you decide to improve performance, you need to know where your site stands so you can form some goals Well, you'll hear people talking about page speed score as the convenient shorthand and I include myself It's a single number that provides minimal insights For more meaningful web page web page test is the most convenient tool for measuring the effect of a change It's pretty much just enter the URL and go and When you first run web page test you're presented with some key metrics and I've highlighted the three that I consider the most important Time to render starting render completing and for the document to finish loading On web page test I tend to spend more time looking at the timeline view My biggest concern is how visitors experience the site loading often referred to as perceived performance As long as the text is readable and the calls to action are working within the user's viewport It doesn't really matter what happens elsewhere on the page. I Recently added a blocking HTTP request to my HTML header Switching between inline CSS and an externally referenced CSS file as it happens and I compared the results Adding a blocking request to my HTML header roughly doubles the time before the before the content is readable for me I view page speed scores as a convenient clickbait headline to be used as a tool when selling the idea of Improving a site's performance, but it's the full data set from tools like web page test That will help you determine the quick wins and the larger pain points to form some longer and some shorter term goals The various goals come from asking yourself from design right through to launch What will get my visitors reading quickest? What will get them acting on my calls to action quickly? Which is where perceived performance comes in again because sometimes the quickest path for your users reading Will be counter-intuitive. It may even make the overall website larger It may require you to break some rules In WordPress parlance. It may require willfully doing it wrong So let's write some code and break some rules The first rule I'm going to break is such a common practice that it may not occur to you that there's even a rule to break And that's to put Java script in the HTML footer If you have a particularly large web page, this does mean that the JavaScript will load last but So your site needs to work with it without JavaScript But JavaScript is really fragile. So this is just a good practice anyway And Anyone who codes WordPress things regularly will have seen something like this. It loads a JavaScript file the WordPress way and That last line there is particularly important. It puts the script element in the footer of the HTML This here is one of the most common WordPress code examples around Welcome to word camp Europe by the way But then there's jQuery Just name it as a dependency and jQuery loads the WordPress way so in theory. We're doing everything correctly And this is what you end up with in code right up in the HTML header there. It sits proudly jQuery alongside its little friend jQuery migrate to maintain backward compatibility But it's not until the themes functions file right down in the HTML footer that we finally put it to use Loading jQuery and some other libraries the WordPress way blocks rendering and it slows down your site There are quite quite sounds reasons that WordPress does this it does this for reasons of backward compatibility Which brings us to the first rule that I'm going to be breaking to start missing around with the core JavaScript libraries Here you'll notice that I'm setting the group on the jQuery family of scripts and this consists of jQuery core jQuery migrate and jQuery which is essentially an alias for the both of for both of them and I'm setting them these to load in the HTML footer. I set them to group one So our HTML from earlier becomes much more pleasing as the jQuery family of fonts load in the HTML footer And if you're handing over a site to a client, that's also Relatively risk-free. In most cases the worst that can happen is that they'll end up Enabling a plug-in that puts it right back up in the HTML header, which is kind of where we would have started in the first place Loading JavaScript asynchronously tells the browser to get on with rendering and to deal with the JavaScript when the file is downloaded And not to worry about file order. The first script can run last or the last script can run first Asynchronous JavaScript simply relies on adding the async attribute to the script tag and With that attribute the browser just deals with making it asynchronous and it's possible to use a filter to add the attribute a Script loaded asynchronously is easier to maintain if it's entirely self-contained So if you don't need to support older browsers, you may want to move away from using a library jQuery and some of the other libraries Were so successful and so good and continue to be That many of the features have become a core part of the spec So in this example behind me the JavaScript file with the handle pwcc scripts is entirely self-contained So in my filter I add the async attribute to the script tag picture fill can and is designed to be run asynchronously and The final step is to apply it as a filter as you can see on the last line there As asynchronous JavaScript doesn't block rendering it can be loaded in the HTML header We're basically doing the reverse of the change we made to jQuery For each of the scripts that load asynchronously we can assign them to group zero to the header and I've made some notes about asynchronous JavaScript at the URL on screen Before continuing it will help a little to understand what happens when a browser requests a web page a Big problem with HTTP version one is that the browser initiates every single connection and Requires a separate connection to download every asset We can which can make it very easy for the web browser to block itself from preceding while it needs to collect the next asset The HTML needs to download Before the browser knows to download the CSS The CSS needs to download before the browser starts rendering the web page Once the CSS downloads the browser discovers that there's fonts and images to load and these block the loading of the JavaScript well the JavaScript The JavaScript it triggers the loading of an iFrame with its own HTML CSS images repeat repeat repeat And all of this is to conveniently ignore JavaScript and fonts and other items in the HTML header that can block rendering And this is that same waterfall view as displayed when you run a site through web page test And here's an example of where the browser has to think about things before it can proceed Which is quite frankly a waste of 200 milliseconds But going back to our simplified view wouldn't it be great if instead of waiting for the browser Everything came down all at once over a single connection In very simplified terms That is how HTTP version 2 with server push works very simplified terms And by now if you've been reading about the blogs and listening to the podcast You will have heard that it changes everything As you'd research HTTP version 2 you'll start to come across articles with titles like this Everything you know about performance is now wrong and former best practices and our anti-pattern and considered harmful I think titles like this are a little bit misleading because I've taken a look at the statistics And I don't think we're quite ready to forget everything. We know just yet The biggest hindrance is web server support At the moment a little under 7% of websites are running HTTP version 2 So if you work in client services or on a plug-in that gets installed on client service Or really quite frankly if you haven't upgraded the server yourself There is a good chance that your right your work will be running over a server using the old protocol Which can be a little bit disheartening However, if your server is running HTTP version 2 there is some good news a Large number of your users will be getting the new improved protocol Unfortunately during the transitional period over the next couple of years a large number of your users will not be Which means that you need to account for both HTTP version 1 and version 2 traffic And that's okay. Most of us deal with these kind of issues every day It could be creating a PNG fallback as a fallback for an SVG or providing a download link as a fallback for the audio element As we saw earlier CSS blocks rendering We can speed up the loading of our CSS by making use of the preload spec It's oversimplifying matters a great deal to sail that CACNC attribute for CSS But it can be made to work that way and it covers both HTTP version 1 and version 2 with server push Over HTTP version 2 with server push the preload spec can be used to trigger the CSS to download in parallel with the HTML It all happens over one connection For HTTP version 1 on the first load of a website The CSS is never cached in the browsers in the in the user's browser So we can make use of inline CSS to speed up the render of the page We can then make use of the preload spec specification To asynchronously load the CSS file so we can use it on subsequent page loads We saw the positive effect of this over HTTP version 1 earlier as this was the change I made to my site when demonstrating web page test Look at that. It's beautiful inline CSS Without the inline CSS The render the render actually happens later slowing the down the ability of the user to act on your calls to action to convert And improving the CSS the performance of our CSS is going to take a little bit of work Although it starts with in queuing our CSS as we normally would using the standard WordPress built-in WordPress function The follow-up step is also simple enough. We had we add an HTTP header Over HTTP version 1 it instructs the browser to start downloading the asset as early as possible Over HTTP version 2 with server push it instructs the web server to push the asset to the browser If we don't want the server to push the asset we can tell the server not to just with the no push suffix But I prefer my wordpress to be well Wordpressy So I like to rappel of the HTTP headers in what in a WordPress helper function to work alongside WordPress's asset in queuing we can then preload the CSS by referring to its handle Implementing server push becomes one Human readable line of code However, there's a problem with that code here it instructs the server to push the asset on every load If the file is already in the browser's case our attempt to speed up our website has actually resulted in extra data being sent down the line A better solution is to check if the file is in the browser's case and only attempt to push if it is not Regrettably that's not something that browsers report and for security reasons nor will they To fake the case detection. We set a cookie indicating that the file is likely to be caked and The is fake is cased function simply becomes a check for the existence of the cookie having improved Loading time for HTTP version 2 visitors. It's now time to switch to HTTP version one one Where we want to inline the CSS and load the file asynchronously using the HTTP one portion of the preload spec Unfortunately, the preload spec isn't widely supported by browsers. So we do need Polyfill it and those clever bunnies at the filament group have a tool for this creatively called load CSS As we would any other JavaScript will register load CSS to use and it's worth noting that I'm registering this I'm not in queuing it the difference being that registering a file makes it known to WordPress late ready for later In queuing in terms of the HTML if the CSS is uncached we want to deliver this over HTTP version one the inline CSS followed by preloading the external file Asynchronously and to allow for the JavaScript in ped we then load the CSS as we normally would inside a no script element because we're not animals and To achieve that in our functions file We then print our CSS file in line again using a function Based on the assets handled and now that we are preloading the CSS We absolutely need to in queue the the polyfill The full source is a little bit complicated. So I've put it in full at the URL on screen on screen This gives us our inline CSS on the first load on The second and subsequent page loads the visitor just gets the external reference as they normally would and the CSS loads directly from their cage This of course allows us to get back to a using the HTML header for its intended purpose Which is specifying fav icons Wouldn't it be lovely if that was an exaggeration and this all brings us back to our headline from earlier To keep our sites performant We will always need to consider the impact of every single byte that we put on the page Now over the next two or three years Not only we will have will we have to think about how they visitors Impact visitors to our site on a fast or a slow connection We'll also have to think about the impact over both HTTP version one and version two And at times it will be annoying at times. It will be frustrating, but it will keep our jobs interesting And I don't know about you, but that's exactly why I love working in the industry in which we do Thank you very much