This is Orson Welles speaking from London, the Black Museum, a museum of death. Yes, here in the grim stone structure on the Thames, which houses Scotland Yard, is a warehouse of homicide, where everyday objects are cotton-reel, a tobacco pouch, a boot lace, all are touched by murder. Here's a shopping bag, faded green canvas square in shape large enough to envelop the human head. There you are, sir.  No. Nothing inside now. These wisps of blonde hair were found inside by the experts in the police laboratory, but that was a long time ago. Who did the hem belong to? Well, there's no doubt about that. This is Vera Dawson's hair inspector, victim number five. Yes. He's been in the habit of bleaching her hair for years. That's why it probably came out fairly easily.  That is why the bag has earned its place today in the Black Museum. From the annals of the Criminal Investigation Department of the London Police, we bring you the dramatic stories of the crimes recorded by the objects in Scotland Yard's Gallery of Death, the Black Museum. Black Museum. Beyond these stone walls, London throbs and is alive, but within these closely guarded precincts, all is silence. Death is quiet. Very quiet. Come with me under the freeze of death masks. The masks of criminals of bygone days, suspended grimly below the ceiling. They were collected at a time when the forensic theorists believed that a competent face made up of the dominant characteristics of hundreds of criminal features would resolve into a picture of the typical criminal. But in 1913, the experts decided that the masks presented nothing different from your face, the mind, the average law-abiding citizen. Did you say something? Not there. You know that face. Yes, it's Heinrich Himmler, the German Gestapo Chief. That mask was taken a few hours after he'd been into a file of potassium cyanide that he stood before his British captors at Lundberg. Perhaps you may feel easier if you keep your eyes lowered as we pass along the rows of inanimate objects each one marked with the names of a killer and the killed. Some of the exhibits are labeled with more than two names. Ah, here we are with the rise of the shopping bag. One killer, Stanley Haynes. Five victims, including his wife, who is his second on the list. Here's the bag insignificant in itself, but terrifying when considered in relation to its history. And its history is bound up with the story of the man who used it. Stanley Haynes, one-time bank clerk, petty thief, junk merchant, murderer, hanged by his shopping bag. But let's go back to join him in his junk shop. It's located in Wildren Street, North London, the place belonged to his wife's first husband. The district is poor, the shop is dusty, crumbled litter. Mrs. Edith Haynes, a semi-influid, is confined to a bed in the living quarters upstairs. Haynes himself just lighted the gas left in the shop. The feeble yellow rays are reflected back from the November fog, which presses darkly against the windows. The light is dim, but to a young girl, Patricia Wilson, is a beacon to which she turns for guidance.  I wonder if you can help me? Where if I can? I'm a stranger here, and I'm looking for 71 Wildren Street. I can't see the numbers on the doors, as my torch has given out. Mrs. Number 22, you'll find 71 to the left on the other side of the road. Oh, tell. The fog's getting thicker, isn't it? Yeah, I'm afraid it is. You'll have a job to find the house you're looking for. Oh, no, I promise to go and see my girlfriend there. I wish I hadn't. It was quite clear when I left town. You've come far? Only from Vox, all, and I dare. Well, perhaps I can fix your torch for you. Oh, I'll be ever so glad. If you do happen to have a spare bulb, that'd do it. Here's the torch. Yes. Yes. What are my arms? What's your name? Here, let me go.  You would, would you? Do you come here? No! Why, it's so delirious! Oh, you're choking me! Oh, that's me, that's me! How did you get down here? Who is this girl? He tried to kill me! Don't be absurd, she's only just coming!  Hey, let me get out of here! No, no, wait, I'm his wife. I want to know what happened. Breathlessly, the frightened girl explained. Pain stood silent. His wife listened, horrified. The girl finished her story. It's doing sand. Oh, nothing to shake, except I'm sorry. I should think, but you're not getting away with this. I'm going to report it to the police. But you're not safe. Oh, please, please, now please, for my sake, don't take it any further. I think you'll kill me if the police tell me. If she's painting, I'll go out. Take it easy, I've got you. I'm all right.   Oh, no, no, I don't want anybody. Please tell me you won't make trouble. No, for your sake then, I won't tell anyone. Thank you. I hope she didn't hurt you too. No, I'm feeling better now. I'm all shocked at anything else. I just won't say anything. It's not a word. With a scandal, Edith Haynes had signed her own death warrant. Police intervention at this stage might have prevented her husband from following the path which leads to the scaffold, as it was. Patricia Wilson kept her promise and nothing happened. The weeks passed and slowly in the dark mind of Stanley Haynes, strange ideas began to take shape. The brief encounter had triggered off a demon that must be satisfied. And at last the fatal opportunity presented itself in the calmly form of a Miss Sylvia Parks, age 27. Good evening. Can I see the secondhand doll's pram you got advertised in the window? Yes, she took the back of the shop if you'd like to have a look. My sister's a girl. She's eight tomorrow and I can't afford much. Oh, well, this is a bargain. I only picked it up two days ago. There it is. I don't think much of that. I thought it was a catch. Oh, you have a good look at it. You won't do better for the money. Oh, no, no. There's one painting. This time there was no noise to attract the attention of the invalid upstairs. With one powerful hand over his victim's mouth, Haynes reached for the canvas shopping bag. Flipping it over her head, he drew the cords tight and there was silence. I had stopped her. I must get her out of sight. She had to do it. There he is, mustn't he? There wasn't a floor post by the back door. I must put it down quickly. Sylvia Parks disappeared into the four-foot cavity between the foundations of the building and the floorboards above the ground floor, but although Mrs. Haynes may have heard nothing upstairs, she must have sensed the horror below. Quite suddenly, before her husband could replace the boards, she appeared at the door, leaning heavily on her stick for support. What's that? Pat, what is that? Nothing's happened. Why would there be you creep up on me? I can't understand it. Get back where you belong. He's done something.  What are you doing down there? I thought I'd smelt gas up and look in the pipes. Let's go on the tat on the floor. Where is she?   He's down. I could see her foot. Edith Haynes lay silent in death beside the body of Sylvia Parks. And what of the murderer? Was the demon satisfied? It seems that for the moment he was. According to Haynes' own story, he took himself off that night at the local public house, felt that he needed company, life company. All right. Even isn't the old junk man himself? As is his job. Business is fine. I wouldn't think so looking at that shop of yours. It looks like a bloomin' mug. Why don't you give it a good clear out there? If you all look after your own affairs, I'll attend to mine. All right. I was only kidding. Have a drink now. Yes, I will. I'll have a large scotch.  All right. I ask for it. Large scotch for Mr. Haynes, please, Sally. OK. Celebrate now, yes. Yes, I'm celebrating. Yeah. How's that wife of yours? Is she any better? My wife? Oh, yes, yes. She's much better now. Oh, I'm glad about that. She used to be a regular in here when she was married. Well, uh, I've known her a long time ago. Yes. Long as an eye. Well, uh, tell her, Joe, who's looking after her, will ya? Me and Mrs. have promised to come round and see her one night. Oh, well, didn't you know she's, uh, she's gone to stay with her married sister in Birmingham? And she? I never knew she had a sister up there. Oh, yes. Oh, well, uh, here's your drink. Here. Bottoms up. Now, I see why you're out on the loose. Oh, cheerio. There. That's all. I need you, Dad. Whoa, it's not much fun living on your own, is it?  Yeah, it's better than having the old mom popping round to see us.  It's not much fun living on your own. Hames discovered that in spite of the fact that he was not exactly alone in his dark little shop. There were too many shadows. The mice playing amongst his shabby merchandise would startle him. But without money, there was no escape. So he decided to let the back bedroom, and he advertised it discreetly in a small journal which was not circulated in his home district.  But he couldn't escape from the faded canvas shopping bag, which has earned its place so well in the Black Museum. We return to Stanley Hames in his shop at 22 Wildren Street. The advertisement for a room to let us produce its result in the back bedroom is occupied by a short, middle-aged man with square shoulders and wary eyes. He calls himself George Smith, which is as good as any other name, but Hames is suspicious. The larger never ventures out except for brief moments during the hours of darkness. He behaves like a man who has something to hide. And Stanley Hames, now desperately short of money, decides to cash in on his opportunity. Who's there? It's only me. What is it for you? The wall of your ward. I hope you find the room comfortable. It's me. It's well tucked away in it. Nobody would look for you here. What are you getting at? Nothing, but I'm afraid I've got to increase your rent. Ah, it's like that, isn't it? Yes, it is.   I think so. I've got strong hands, you know. And if I did happen to disappear, things would become even more complicated for you, wouldn't they? I don't know what the devil you're talking about. I'm increasing your rent from one pound a week to five pounds a week. If you don't like it, you can get out. I see. All right. I'll give you three quid. That's my limit. Five all out. For five, you get food and protection. Are you found out who I am, eh? Yes. Okay. I'll take your term. Here's your first, Father. The bluff has worked. Haynes had no idea that his larger was in point of fact Gary Saunders, a wanted man. His partner had squealed on him following a vicious case of robbery with violence. Now every policeman in the country is on the lookout for it. But how infinitely safer he would have been in jail. As it was, his harsh money restored Haynes to his old self, and once again, but the man started working. For at the end of January, the murderer met a painted lady who had agreed to visit his home. It was during the night that Smith's alias Saunders was awakened sharply from an uneasy slumber. He jumped from his bed, crossed the narrow landing, and burst into the room which he knew Haynes occupied. There's a pretty clear case of murder. Buy him.   Take it off and get out of my way. Stop! Stop! You paperhead! She's dead. You killed her. Yes, she's dead, isn't she? But who did it? You or me. What do you mean? You murdering devil. Why happen to have a clean record? My word would carry more weight than yours, I imagine. No, you frame me, would you? You are not fit to live, Haynes. Why, Sandra, I'm going to get the police. I'll take what's coming to me, but you're going to swing for this. Stop that noise. I'm not going to swing for you or anybody else. Nobody knows she was here and nobody knows you. Get back here, then. Oh, don't do it. I told you I had strong hands on her. You didn't think I was strong enough to... Now you've learned your lesson. I can't be beaten. Sylvia Parks, Edith Haynes, the unknown lady who was subsequently identified as Mrs. Doris Luke and Gary Saunders, four victims. And to avoid the trouble of dragging the last two down the stairs to the burial ground under the shop floor, Haynes shot them away in a cupboard in the bathroom. After that, he cleaned up and discovered nearly 2,000 pounds in notes which Saunders had hidden away in his back bedroom. This decided him to take what he considered to be a well-earned holiday. But before he went, he added yet another victim to his list, Barbara Dawson of the Bleach Tire. We don't know how she was lured into his death shop, but we do know that she left some of her hair inside the canvas shopping bag. And at this point, I will hand you over to a young man who was the key witness in the case against Mr. Haynes. He's Mr. Peter Johnson. My wife and I were the unfortunate couple who rented the Haynes shop. When we met him, he seemed to be just an ordinary sort of chap. He told us he redecorated the whole place and was going off to Birmingham to join his wife. Oh, yes, you know, her sister's been very good, but I've decided to find a little place in the country for her. Well, that's probably the best thing. As you see, the shop's empty now, and I cleared all my whole stuff out, and I think it looks quite nice and bright, don't you? Oh, yes, I think of just what we've been looking for, don't you, Peter? Well, Mr. Haynes, the wife likes it. We're in. Oh, good, good. I'm sure you'll be very happy. You wanted six months' rent in advance, I believe. That's right. I'm right to a check now. You haven't got cash? Oh, not for that of mine, but the check went fine. Oh, no, no, no, of course not. Well, here it is. It's all ready for you. We rarely made up our minds to take the place yesterday, you see, but, well, Julie wanted to come back today just to make sure. Well, I know you're going to be happy here. We've been happy. Here are the keys. Now I'll leave you to sort things out on your... It was four o'clock on a Saturday afternoon, so Stanley Haynes was fortunately unable to cash the check as the banks were then closed until the Monday morning. In the meantime, Peter and Julie Johnston were having a busy weekend. They camped in the front bedroom for the night, and early on Sunday, the young wife was measuring the floors for carpeting, while her husband was fixing a glass-fronted cabinet in the bathroom. What's the matter, darling? Oh, I've hit my finger with a hammer.  No, no, just flattened my first finger. It was, uh, pretty stunning. I'm glad you're cheerful about it. No, no, no, I mean the wall here. Don't do that, Peter. You're marking the paper. It's hollow. There must have been a cupboard here, and Old Haynes has covered it in for some reason. I say we could do with a cupboard. There isn't one in the whole place. Well, there's one here, all right, but I'd have to redo the wall if I opened it up. Oh, you'd better leave it then. It's a little sweet. Ah, thanks. I'll just open a little hole and see how big it is inside. It might not be worth opening the whole thing. Oh, careful. Perhaps Mr. Haynes will be angry if he comes back and finds what you've done. Don't worry about him. I've paid him enough rent anyway. Ah, here it comes. Good. Now, give me the torch, will you? Here you are. Thanks. There's bags of room behind here. I'll give it. I think I'd better be here. Darling, get out of here.  Why? Why I... I can't talk. Just get right out into the street. Quick, come on. The police were on the spot within a matter of minutes. Their cars roared into Wildren Street in answer to Peter Johnston's call. Curtains fluttered in front windows, and the growing crowd appeared quickly outside number 22. Are you Mr. Johnston? Yes, that's right. This is my wife. I'm Inspector Denton. Perhaps the lady had better stay out here while you show us the way up. Yes, of course. I gather you took possession yesterday. Yes, I only wish we'd never seen the place. Um, this is the bathroom.  Right? Give me your torch, Robert. Yes, sir. Now, let's see. Who? Well, I've seen a few things in my time, Mr. Johnston, but this is about my lot. I understand why you're so upset. This is the work, is it, John? I'll say it is. There's three of them in here. A man and two women.  We haven't seen the half of it yet. In point of fact, the Inspector had seen rather more than half of it. The bodies of Sylvia Parks and Edith Haynes were discovered out of the shop floor a few hours later. By that time, the whole building was being methodically opened up. Floors were lifted, chimneys explored, the foundations and a small patch of garden were being dug, and the word went out to Gats Stanley Haynes. We managed to obtain a photograph of him from one of his neighbors, but we were dealing with a wily customer. Even before he knew the chase was on, he shaved the top of his head, which gave the impression of baldness. And he put on horn-driven spectacles which completely changed his appearance. He heard on the radio that the balloon had gone up sooner than he expected, and by then, he was well away from London. Those notes which Jerry Saunders got on his last job superintendent, I've got the numbers. Good. And there's no possibility of the money being hidden away in 22 Wilton Street? No, sir. Haynes got it all right, and it won't belong before he starts passing some of it. Yes, he better notify every area in the country. And soon as one of those notes is traced, we'll be on the Haynes trail. He might be in disguise, or he might be lying low. But he's got to spend money, and that's how we're going to find him. For obvious reasons, no mention of the money was disclosed in the press. So Stanley Haynes was unaware that he was carrying his own death sentence in the Canva shopping bag, which also contained his spare clothing. He asked he had taken the bag with him. Perhaps it had a morbid fascination. Perhaps he thought he might use it again. But anyway, it made a convenient carrier. Convenient for him, man, as it transpired. Convenient for the police. Things after the murders were discovered. I had a call from a young lady named Patricia Wilton. She told me how the previous November she'd been caught out in a fog and gone into the Haynes junk shop for direction. She told me how he'd attacked her and how his wife had pleaded that she shouldn't report it to the police. It's a terrible mistake. But I had to calm him down. I had to calm him down. I had to calm him down. I had to calm him down. I had to calm him down. I had to calm him down. Very grateful to you, Miss Wilton.  Well, the first words are really of Mrs. Haynes's speech sounded sort of funny and out of place. Oh, how is that? He got one in on his throat when she'd come in and what he was sitting about was something over my head. She said to him, she said, to get it.  Oh my goodness I never thought of that. What sort of bag was it? Green canvas thing, the string around the top.  No sir, no bags or cases. And it's just possible he might still have the bag with him. Better add that to the general description. Yes sir. By the way, a detail, a flimsy possibility. But every step had to be taken that might help to trace the murderer. Then after nearly a week of suspense the first stolen note was reported right in London. Hames had come back to hide amongst the teaming millions in the great city. The search was concentrated now and after nine days on the run Hames was caught. It was the canvas bag which attracted the attention of a plain clothes officer. It made him concentrate on the man's face and taking a chance he approached him. Excuse me sir. Yes. I'm a police officer. I'm sorry to trouble you but I wonder if you'd just remove those glasses for a moment. All right. There you are. Are you Stanley Hames? No, you've made a mistake. Perhaps you come along to the station with me. We may not keep you for long. Those I refuse. I'll still have to take you. Okay. Hames went like a lamb and once inside the station he readily admitted his identity. The murderer was found and the chase was over. All because of a faded green canvas shopping bag which has earned its place today in the Black Museum. Orson Welles will be back with you in just a moment. Hames was a killer because it was his desire to kill. Except in the case of his one male victim he killed coldly and ruthlessly. He had no pity. In fact as we know he would celebrate his murders. At his trial he was obviously pleased to be the center of attraction and for some reason he confessed to every detail relating to his first four murders. But with regard to his fifth victim Vera Dawson he would say nothing. But the evidence was in the bag. This is Vera Dawson's hair in figure. Victim number five. He's been in the habit of bleaching her hair for years. That's probably why it came out fairly easily.  Now until we meet again sometime in the same place I tell you another story about the Black Museum. I remain as always obedient to you.


Hi, this is Rupesh. I am going to demonstrate you a typical 3 phase photovoltaic to grid connected system. This system is developed under the guidance of professor Vivek Agarwal. So, we have a 2 kilowatt PV installation at the roof. It is a DC supply is coming here. So, this PV installation is in the form of PV modules. So, each module has a 20 volt volt 20 volt DC with a 2.5 ampere current at 1000 watt per meter square. So, as per our requirement of the DC voltage and current, we can configure those panels in series and such a sets in parallel. So, to get to achieve required voltage at the PV output and current from the PV system. So, this I will going to explain you this power circuit of this installation that DC supply as I said is coming here at the input contactor and then followed by the input PV bus DC capacitor, then boost converter, then DC link of voltage source inverter. Then there are the IGBT's voltage source inverter. This is the L C which form LC filter second order LC filter at the output of voltage source inverter. Then through the signal sense circuit then to the grid. So, apart from this power circuit, it has a control circuit. So, that control circuit has a signal sensing board. This control circuit has a signal sensing board which senses the output current and voltages along with that DC link voltage. Then input PV voltage and input PV current and control circuit involves a intelligent controller which is a may be microcontroller or microprocessor or DSP board. This is a DSP processor, XS instrument F2, TMS 320, F2822 board. Then it generates the PWM output followed by the buffer. Then driver circuit which is driving the IGBT modules. Then this is the power circuit and control circuit. So, I will going to explain you. So, this is that system as I just explained is a PV module, PV panels which giving the DC voltage and current. This is very raw power. It depends on the radiation level that is sun status and temperature environmental temperature. Then it is followed by the DC to DC boost converter. So, this boost converter we can operate it at the with the MPPT control technique. Then DC link of the voltage source inverter. This is the voltage source inverter. Then L and C which forms second order filter for the voltage source inverter. Then grid side there is a signal sensing circuit situated which senses the output current and voltage which fits to the processor to microcontroller to the processor and then to the grid. So, this is the power circuit which is developed here. So, this is actually two stage topology. One can develop a single stage topology in single stage topology DC to DC boost converter may not be there. So, this PV modules or PV system can directly fit to the voltage source inverter. This voltage source inverter then will do the two task. One to fit the power into the grid and one to control this DC link voltage at the MPP point of this PV system. So, in that single stage topology boost converter may not be there. So, that may be a high efficient system, but in this two stage topology this voltage source inverter it keeps to regulate this DC bus voltage by voltage source inverter and this DC to DC boost converter it is operating at with the MPPT control algorithm. The MPPT control algorithm may be a perturb and observe algorithm or incremental conductance algorithm. So, here we have developed incremental conductance algorithm for DC to DC boost converter and this voltage source inverter can be operated with the DC link regulation technique. So, this I will just going to now I am going to explain your control block diagram of the system. So, this is the control block diagram of the system. So, as I said the boost converter is operated with the MPPT algorithm. So, MPPT algorithm may be perturb and observe technique or may be incremental conductance system. So, it takes the feedback from PV PV system that is PV voltage PV current. It takes the product of this two which gives the PV power and then it values the duty cycle accordingly to achieve the maximum power point of the system. So, this is the control for the boost converter then there is a voltage source inverter. The voltage source inverter control topology is developed with a reference frame transformation technique. Synchronous rate of reference frame transformation technique is adopted to control the voltage source inverter. In this control technique we transform all AC quantities like grid voltage and grid the current grid current those are in AC. So, we transform this grid voltage and grid current into the rotating reference frame transformation. The advantage of this technique is that the although all original quantities are in AC, but we when we transform it into the synchronously rotating reference frame transformation it gives a DC quantities for the fundamental components. So, let us say if there is a V A V B V C which are route 50 hertz component AC component then we can transform it with a transformation technique like pass transformation class transformation. Then we can achieve the equivalent V D and V Q E component which represents which preserve all information of the AC quantity for fundamental component. So, advantage of this system this control technique is that though original system is AC, but we can control it using DC component. So, it is very it becomes easy to control the system also it gives the good accuracy compared to conventional instantaneous current control instantaneous voltage control technique. So, in this technique we have transformed the current grid current into the I D and I Q E component. Similarly grid voltage into the V D and V Q E component then we are we are using the PLL technique because this transformation is possible with the it is actually synchronously rotating reference frame transformation. So, for that purpose we need the information of the grid frequency. So, here is the PLL which takes the feedback of the grid voltages V A V B V C there is a transformation. So, it transforms A B C quantity into the V D V Q E quantities and then from that V Q E component can be used to develop this PLL technique. So, that PLL technique is also based on the reference frame transformation synchronous reference frame transformation technique. So, other way to develop the PLL is based on the instantaneous power theory proposed by Akaki in that we take the feedback of V A V B V C rather than transforming those quantities into the reference frame transformation there is a control strategy which gives directly V sin theta and cos theta which has the information of frequency grid frequency that instantaneous power the PLL based on instantaneous power theory is very rigid to the unbalances to the harmonics. So, it gives the good result for sin theta and cos theta for the fundamental components. So, this sin theta and cos theta obtained from the PLL can be used to transform the A B C into D component and Q component. So, once we achieve the I D that is I D and I Q E which has a information of A B C I A I B I C grid current that can be used for the further control. So, as I said the voltage source inverter is controlled using DC bus voltage regulation. So, we takes the feedback of DC actual DC voltage DC link voltage we compare with the reference then through the PI regulator it gives the equivalent quantity of the active power. So, this it gives the I D star that is reference current for the direct axis component of current. So, this direct axis component of current is in fact proportional to the active power available at the PV source. So, because that as I said this DC to DC boost converter is operating with the MPPT control algorithm. So, it dumps all available power with at the PV into the DC link. So, this DC link voltage may tends to put up. So, during that process this PI regulator comes into action and it develop the active the reference current for the direct axis component of current. So, this direct axis component of current is proportional to the active power and the react quadrature axis of current that is I Q E star it depends on the reactive power. So, by controlling this I D star that is active power component and I Q star that is reactive power component we can control the power injection that is active power and reactive power. So, by regulating the DC link voltage in fact we are controlling the active power which is coming from the PV panel and then we are controlling and then we are actually controlling this I D star to make that actual current I D equal to the I D star the obtained reference current. We are keeping I Q E star that is a quadrature axis component of current which decides the reactive power equals to 0. So, at the output of PI regulator it gives the V Q E star and V D star. So, this V D star and V Q E star are then again it is a it is this are actually a component to control the voltage source inverter. So, again we have to convert it back to the original AC forms. So, as I said we have transform original quantities into the DQ reference frame transformation into the DQ reference frame which is synchronously rotating reference frame transformation technique. Then we have done the control then again we have to come back to our original system that is AC quantities. So, again this V D star and V Q star which is the references for the voltage source inverter control we are transform it into again written back to ABC quantities. So, DQ to ABC it is a inverse of class and pass transformation. So, it gives the reference quantities V A, V B, V C for voltage source inverter. Then one can adapt sinusoidal PWM technique for voltage source inverter control or may be space vector modulation technique for voltage source inverter control. So, we have used here sinusoidal PWM technique for voltage source inverter control. So, in that way by controlling this voltage source inverter by this reference V D star V Q star obtained from this control it actually regulates it actually controls the active power component of current and the reactive power component of current flow into the grid. As I said I am keeping reactive power component of current at 0. So, this system is operated at unity power factor control unity power factor as I said. So, one can give the some reference to I Q star here may be some 10 percent or 20 percent of the equivalent to the active power then we can even control the reactive power feed into the grid if required. So, this is a typical control circuit of this two stage topology. In the single stage topology what we will do rather than using a boost converter there will be no boost converter. So, we will regulate the DC link voltage of the voltage source inverter at the MPP of the PV panel. So, there we need to control the DC link voltage of the voltage source inverter may be with the control algorithm like perturb and observe or incremental conductance technique. So, that to achieve that DC link voltage equal to the MPP point of the PV panel. So, it is actually a real time control which controls the DC link voltage equal to the MPP voltage of the PV panel. So, as to achieve MPP power from the PV installation. So, as I explained the power circuit it is a control circuit then this system. So, this system is developed using discrete component only in this lab. So, discrete component may be a single IGBTs or may be a pair of IGBTs which form a link of the voltage source inverter. So, this IGBT this single IGBT has gate collector and emitter one can use a 2 IGBT which form a link of voltage source inverter. People used to prefer this thing with this special construction one can keep the distance between collector of the upper IGBT and emitter of the lower IGBT very near to each other by this special technique. One can reduce the distance between those two that is collector of the upper IGBT and emitter of the lower IGBT. So, that to reduce the path inductance. So, path inductance causes voltage pipe across the IGBT there. So, one has that one is always target to reduce that such a inductances path inductances. So, one can connect a snubber circuit across these two points. So, it is collector of the upper IGBT and emitter of the lower IGBT. So, it is very convenient to connect the snubber capacitor across these two points. So, it is a leg type IGBT it has two IGBT in this module. So, see in that way we need a three IGBT leg type three IGBT modules. So, it will give the six IGBT's for voltage source inverter. So, this is major component of this system. Then as I said there is LC filter. So, inductor and then capacitor at the output of voltage source inverter it forms a second order filter which gives the minus 40 dB slope at the of the gain. So, it gives the good performance for damping the or reducing the harmonics higher order harmonics. So, voltage source converter switching technique take care of the lower order harmonics and this LC filter take care for the higher order harmonics. So, these are the other two elements of this system. So, this is another element of this system it is Texas instrument TMS 320 F 2812 DSP board. So, it has a resources like PWM it has resources like ADC then IO pins. So, these are the essential requirement from this controller from this DSP processor. So, whatever control strategy I have explained earlier which was based on reference frame transformation technique and then boost converter algorithm that is MPPT tracking algorithms which is may be a part of an observe or incremental conductors algorithm those can be coded into this processor. So, during development process which one can use such a processor then after development one can shift over the chip processor which is available in market. So, I will give you example of such a processor or controller this is Piccolo controller provided by Texas instrument TMS 320 F 280 27. So, this is a Piccolo controller then. So, there are other controllers available in the market like this is micro chip DSP 30 F 3011 micro controller. So, this controller also has the features like PWM ADCs and IO pins. The only thing for selection of the such a controller is that it should provide the speed that is whatever control strategy we are coding into this processor it should provide enough speed to execute such a all statement within the stipulated sampling time of the control strategy. I will explain that control strategy and instruction set which I have adopted to controls this system. The next component is the driver IC for this IGBTs. So, just I have explained that the micro controller speed to PWM we have to provide it to the voltage source inverter.  So, we have to buffer those signals then after buffering we have to boost up the voltage level and the current kind current capacity of the PWM. So, that it successfully drive the IGBTs. So, this is the one of the IC available in market it is A3120 driver IC. So, one can use this driver IC. So, to drive the IGBT modules. So, we have developed a driver circuit using this 3120 driver IC. So, for that purpose we have to we have to obtain isolated supplies there are 7 isolated supplies for the in the driver circuit 6 for the IGBT modules of the voltage source inverter 1 for the driver 1 for the IGBT of the boost converter in market in market such a IGBT modules are available such a driver for IGBT modules are available. So, this is very highly sophisticated driver it drives the 2 IGBTs of a leg. So, that PWM pins PWM signals can be given to the input port of this driver PCB. So, we have to buffer that PWM signal up to 15 volt and then we can provide it at this port and it gives the signal for the or PWM for the IGBT modules. So, such a IGBT sorry driver circuit for the IGBTs are available in market. So, it has some features like protection which it provides the protection against in a shoot through current for the IGBT modules. This is another element used in this system it is Hall effect current sensor. So, the line current is transformed into the signals using this Hall effect sensors and then that signal is conditioned and then one can feed into the processor. So, it provides the isolation from the power circuit from the between the control circuit and the power circuit. So, this is another element used in this system it is for the voltage measurement. So, it takes the feedback of grid voltage it provides the isolation from at the output signal then it can be provided to the microcontrollers. So, all these quantities are in AC. So, and the processor adopt only DC signals from 0 to 3 volt. So, we have to transform those AC signals at the output like current may be up to 3 ampere RMS AC then voltage may be 230 volt AC those signals can be we have to condition it we have to step down those signals then we have to use the some filters to further condition to reduce the noise and then we have to shift those AC signals. So, that it the output signal can be gets can be obtained in between 0 to 3 volt range. So, that we can give it to the processor. So, these are all about the major elements used in this system apart from that there may be other small elements. I had explained you control strategy which was based on the reference frame transformation technique and then for boost converter there was a part of an observer or incremental conductors algorithm for the control of the boost converter. So, these are these are the control strategies. So, we have to code it into the micro processor I have used TMS 320 F 2812 DSP processor it is Texas instrument processor. So, this control we have to code it we have to discretize it first then we have to code it into the processor. So, there is software provided by Texas instrument that I am going to explain you this is code composed studio provided by Texas instrument for the debugging for development of our code. So, our code our control strategy was on continuous time domain. So, we have to discretize it into the digital domain. So, there are discretization methods like forward ellipse method backward ellipse method trapezoidal method and there are many other methods. So, I have adopted trapezoidal discretization method for converting or continuous time domain signals into the discrete time domain signals like then like controls of the P I then filters then some other signals. So, this code composed studio is a C language platform which helps to develop our code for the system control. So, as you can see the main start from this one there are system controls like that specific to the processor there is a configuration for the system clock then GPIO then pi control that is address of the sub routines then there is pi vector table the same then event manager for PWM then for ADC configuration then CPU timers then one can use our user defined functions then there are some special instruction for the system preparation. So, I am using two sub routine CPU timer sub routine which provide me interrupt sub routine of 30 microsecond and one for 1000 microsecond. So, this sub routine out of the sub routine 30 microsecond is our critical sub routine there is a code just I have explained the control strategy those are discretized and coded into that 30 microsecond sub routine that 1000 microsecond sub routine is our monitor loop. So, at the beginning I am start turning on 1000 microsecond sub routine at the beginning which check the complete system parameters whether DC bus voltage is available or not it forms the communication if anything is there between this system and the some outside system again it provides the interface from by the user to the system like emergency off like start signal then it provides the monitoring signal. So, this is outer monitoring sub routine which is 1000 microsecond the essential thing in such a system development is that we should have enough we should have a enough resources for the debugging also during development stages we need to have a information of all variables which is running in the into the system. So, such a debugging thing the such a resources like debugging for the variable signals like DAC operation that processor do not have a digital to analog converter, but we can check the variable or we can check the signals by putting those signals into the PWM pins of the processor and then by filtering out those PWM pins we can take out the signal which is carrying by the self variables. So, this is one of the debugging for in this process apart from that this code composes studio provides a debugging tool like graph. So, we can see signals available assigned to the variables apart from that this software provide the debugging tools like watch window there we can check the actual variable or the value assigned to the available in the variable or registers. So, there are registers like PWM registers ADC registers we can check online our values available in that registers. So, this is code composes studio there we can develop our code. So, I will just explain a critical code in that code composes in this software. So, at the beginning CPU timer 1 is start then it is actually a CPU timer 1 is a monitoring loop it start first then if the user provides on signal to the system it turn on the CPU timer 0. So, this is a CPU timer 0 sub routine which is a critical sub routine where our code control where our control strategy is coded. So, it takes the signal from system like it is reading the ADC like output current voltage then DC link voltage then PV voltage current after again shifting back into the AC signal because I had converted those AC signal into the 0 to 3 volt range then again I have to convert it back to the AC signals. So, these are the ABC voltage of the grid similarly for current line currents then DC link voltage then there are filters for the voltages then current there is a PLL which gives the system frequency sin and cos theta sin theta and cos theta belongs to the fundamental system frequency belongs to the fundamental component that is belongs to the 50er system frequency then there is a transformation from ABC to DQ which is used for the further control here is the DC bus voltage regulation. As you can see those PI is transforming into the discrete form. So, I have used tapasodal approximation technique for transforming those filters and PI into the discrete form. So, here is the PI over ID reference component PI over IQ reference component that is active power and reactive power control then again transform those DQ component to ABC component for voltage source converter control. So, this is all about the system development the code composer studio provides a very strong debugging tool like watch window graph then we can use a DAC operation through PWM and we can develop our continuous control strategy into discrete control strategy after discretization. So, this is all about the code development. Now, I will start the system and I will show you the grid current voltage and unit to power factor operation for this 3 phase PV 2 grid current system. So, I am going to demonstrate you the output current and output voltage from the grid side. So, this control technique is very similar to the STATCOM control technique where we are regulating the DC bus voltage, but rather than regulating DC bus voltage here we can control the DC link voltage such that it up it achieves that MPP point of the PV PV system. If it is a if it is configured for the single stage topology in case of two stage topology we are we are using a boost converter with the MPP control algorithm. So, I am turning on the system. So, this blue wave form is showing the grid voltage you can see it has some harmonics at the top of this wave form you can see the wave form is very tapered it is because of a non-linear loads using this premises. So, this one is a grid voltage the one is a grid current that is current injection from this system right now system is in the off state. So, it is taking a current like small peaky current at the peak of the AC voltage. So, so you can see it is also drawing harmonics or it is also injecting harmonics into the grid. So, this is a peaky current it is because of the anti-parallel diodes across across every IGBT of the voltage source inverter. So, for demonstration purpose I have intentionally connected a resistance across the DC link to demonstrate that during a sun is not when the sun is not available or radiation enough radiation is not available that time the system takes some small amount of power from the grid to link to regular the DC link voltage. So, this operation is almost like similar to the STATCOM operation when sun is there, radiation is there. So, while regulated DC bus voltage or while controlling the DC link voltage that active power of the PV is injecting into the grid. So, as I have intentionally connected resistance across the DC link voltage it must take active power from the grid to regulate the DC link voltage. So, I will turn on the system and I will show you that operation. So, you can see the blue one is the grid voltage and yellow one is the grid current that is current injection into the system from injection into the grid from this system as it is 180 degree out of phase. So, it means that right now this system is taking power or absorbing power from the grid to regulate the DC link voltage as I said I have intentionally connected resistance across the DC link. So, now I am turning on the PV emulated PV over the system and to demonstrate you the active power injection into the system. Right now there is no PV input at the system. So, it is drawing power from the grid to regulate the DC link voltage. Now, I am going to turning on the PV input and to demonstrate you the active power injection into the grid. For demonstration purpose instead of the PV panels I am using a DC source which will give you a source which will be a variable source and after by controlling this source I can inlet a PV power emulated PV power into the system. I am slowly increasing this voltage just look at those waveform. So, initially status was system is this PV to grid current system is taking power from the grid. Now, I am inletting PV power into the grid as you said you can see when PV power is not there that time this yellow waveform and the blue waveform those are current and the voltage those were out of phase that it means that that time it was delivering power from the grid. Now, these are in phase it means that this system like PV is injecting power into the grid. You can see though grid voltage is very very dirty like it has some harmonics I show you the harmonic spectrum of the grid it is it has some fifth harmonic and seventh harmonic because of that the waveform is tapered at the peak. The yellow one is the grid current which is almost very sinusoidal I show you it is a THD. So, as you can see this is fundamental bar and THD is around 1.6 1.7 percent though grid voltage THD is around 3 percent. So, you can see it is injecting very high quality power into the grid. This is fundamental bar you can see these are other harmonics second third fourth fifth sixth seventh those are the harmonics those are almost sitting at the bottom. So, this was the grid voltage this is the grid current from the from the PV system emulated PV system when now I am going to turn off the PV system again as I have deliberately connected resistance across the DC link it is delivering power from the grid to regulate the DC link voltage. Once we turn on the PV injection into the system it delivers the power into the grid. So, now I have disconnected from DC source which was emulating the PV from this system now I connected a physical PV panel to this system to demonstrate you actual physical PV panel power in injection into the grid. This waveform is showing blue one is showing the grid voltage and yellow one is showing the grid current. Right now radiation level is not enough to inject a full current now it is delivering whatever power available with the PV into the grid. So, yellow one is showing the grid current injection into the grid current which is injecting from this system into the grid. So, it has small distortion into the grid current because the system is not delivering full rated current into the system when radiation level is good enough then that time it will definitely show a good THD into the current. So, this is all about 3 phase photoalty to grid current system. Thank you.


Thank you. My name is Pavel Jakubtryk, and I would like to talk about the amplitude fluctuations in the Berezynsky-Kostalys-Taule's phase. I listed all the relevant collaborations Okay, how do I Out here So, okay different people were involved at different well kind of calculations, so I will try to make it clear who Who contributed to what during the talk? So as an introduction, let me recall the Merman-Wagner theorem, which tells us that No spontaneous breaking of continuous symmetries is possible in two dimensions and below at finer temperatures And I will be focusing on two dimensions So this theorem implies that in two dimensions, it's not possible to have true long range Order. There is a special situation where the symmetry of relevance as you want where Despite the absence of long-range order one may actually have a phase which is characterized by an algebraic decay of order parameter correlations and finite order parameter stiffness, and this is the so-called Berezynsky-Kostalys-Taule's phase. On the other hand at sufficiently large temperatures one expects the usual behavior where the correlations decay Exponentially and these two are separated by a very peculiar phase transition, which is the Berezynsky-Kostalys-Taule's transition and the special features are at least some are listed here so Okay, this is described as a transition driven by topological excitations of the vortex type The free energy is a smooth function of the parameters the stiffness Exhibits a universal jump and if you look at the singularity of the correlation length Approaching the transition from high temperatures you find that this is characterized by a singularity which is stronger than any power law So an essential singularity So the standard Okay, I should mention that I will for most of the talk I will not talk about the transition itself except for the last part. I will focus on the on the low-temperature phase and in particular the role of the amplitude fluctuation Or longitudinal fluctuations in this in this phase, which means I will focus on the temperature range, which is sufficiently low So in this regime it is commonly accepted that the Effective well the relevant excitations of the system are spin waves and that can be described in the terms of just well Effective Hamiltonian for phase fluctuations this kind of spin wave type and the vortices are become relevant only sufficiently high in temperature And the standard approach the kind of textbook approach tells us that the amplitude fluctuations are are not relevant And this is the point which I I want to well elaborate on within the context of functional Rg So it's not the first Work of course, so I listed all the relevant works Which I know which deal with the Bershinsky costalist Tau less systems from the functional Rg perspective and the setup which is provided by a By a five to the fourth type model, which is just all all two theory in two dimensions So the the most relevant paper for me at this point is this is this first one which is already 20 years old more than 20 years old and Well the last contribution which I listed here is a sort of refinement or a reveal kind of Rediscussion of this paper and I think we provided a little bit of Analytical understanding of this of this contact. So this these three papers deal with more computational approaches, which is the derivative expansion But what I want to emphasize is that these four contributions all have a common feature So the vortices are for well rather clear reasons not captured Which is well, which is a bit unlike the standard Treatment where they are believed to be actually the relevant Factor driving the transition on the other hand the amplitude fluctuations are kept while they are usually supposed to be like irrelevant in the and the Standard treatment. So the aim of this of this work done together with Walter Metzner is to carefully Examine the role of the amplitude mode There is a motivation behind this. So we are aware that in many systems for example in the context of Interacting both a gas but not only the due to the coupling between the the longitudinal and radio and transverse modes the Amplitude mass is actually renormalized at it in certain cases that may attain the zero value And this happens for example in the ground state superfluid In the interacting both a gas as is well established So we wanted to to carefully re-examined this kind of effects in the case of a of this particular system of D2 and N N2 So for the present purposes it is perfectly sufficient to to to focus on the five to the fourth theory Which has just a quarter coupling An order parameter expectation value and the Z factor and this is the initial action And we are always splitting the the order parameter field in this in this kind of linear basis So we have this sigma mode, which is the longitudinal and the transverse mode, which is denoted with pi so this radial or amplitude or Longitudinal mode is has this reputation of being rather Irrelevant or innocent and we are looking at the validity of this assumption within FRG So first we okay, I have the Framework here, but I will not talk much about it so the the the formalism we use uses based on veterinary equation and Well, we use two two truncations So for most of the talk I will talk about the most simple or almost most most simple Approximation, which would just builds a vertical expansion on top of the derivative expansion and parameterizes the flowing effective action using these four couplings This is very similar to what was done by Greta and Wetterich in 1995 On the other hand the subsequent the other calculation, which I will present in the last two slides uses the full Derivative expansion at second order, but this is a more like a computational thing. So I want to focus on this first of all So the flow equations Okay, so this kind of parameterization allows us to project the veterinary equation onto a set of either three coupled Partial differential equations, but in this case we obtain a set of for just flowing couplings Which can be studied to some extent also analytically well here one is one must Just resort to numerical Solutions So we start off by Reproducing the low temperature phase as I said we are now focusing on the low temperature phase the vortices are Irrelevant we take this for equations now. We follow the the standard Kind of approach we use the textbook and say okay the amplitude mode is not relevant So in the flow equations that we have here we just drop all the amplitude Fluctuation which means we drop all the turns which contain some massive Propagators and this Significantly simplifies the problem so that we can then study the these two equations which are coupled but still We can solve them for almost arbitrary cutoff and the infrared and the solution is here so an agreement with the Merlin Wagner CRM the order parameter vanishes and the vanishing is governed by the anomalous dimension on the other hand the Z Z factor diverges with the same exponent and it all happens in such a way that the stiffness which is just this product Attains the fixed point and we can Read off the value of the eta exponent which fully agrees With the standard costal is tau less formula. So this is the a way of Just reproducing the line of fixed points in the low temperature phase very simple Just take these equations and forget some terms on the right-hand side Okay, but we have dropped some terms this may namely those those amplitude or Longitudinal modes and then we want to ask about the consistency of this calculation. So we go back to the to the full set of equations Sorry, and we now look at the flow of the coupling Sorry of them of the of the mass of the longitudinal mass just assuming that this kind of scaling Hulls so what we find is that? That is That well this kind of power counting leads us to the conclusion that the mass will scale according to this power Which says that okay the actually the longitudinal mode is not really less relevant As compared to the goldstone mode, but it's equally relevant of course if provided we are deep in the infrared In the initial stages of the flow, this is all well Well, the mass is finite. So so the amplitude mode is really suppressed. So this leads us to a Kind of puzzling conclusion that the phase and Amplitude or pipes I should rather say longitudinal and transverse modes are equally relevant in the low energy well limit and then it may Suggest that the justification for dropping this amplitude mode Is not quite strong So we go back to the equations and now we solve the full flow. I mean including the the amplitude Mode so we look at the feedback of this, you know softened Longitudinal mode on the on the quasi long range order which and on the stiffness in particular We find and this was also observed in in the first paper many years ago that the fixed point is not really stable But instead acquires a very weak Well logarithmic flow So this and this leads to the ultimate collapse of the quasi long range order even if this occurs at very very low energy Scale so this plot here demonstrates the the collapse the sorry the the vanishing of the of the longitudinal mass and on the other hand I also plot here the stiffness and the anomalous exponent so you see if if I if I just keep the The goldstone fluctuations I obtain a kind of line of fixed points here But due to the presence of the amplitude mode Well this this whole thing ultimately well this fixed points here are not really fixed point but are shifted and this whole thing always collapses in the in the high-temperature phase and Okay, this is this is should be emphasized that this amplitude mode is not contained in the standard VKT theory, but Well, so to get the VKT theory you should just put vortices on top of the spin waves So instead of having the amplitude here you should add vortices and this would lead to the usual Costally stylus phase well here we have just something something different so this rises the natural question of the well stability of the Costally stylus phase and realistic systems with respect to this kind of amplitude fluctuations, so I I Shouldn't move on but not okay So this is a plot demonstrating the behavior of the correlation lens So the correlation lens since there's no transition must be fine it but in this calculation We can we can just find the its behavior in low temperatures. So you find that this is enormously large Well at at temperatures sufficiently low so for any practical purposes you can take you can just approximate but by by just infinity below some some temperature which should be somehow associated to what is described typically as a Costally stylus temperature So this is the summarizing picture of this calculation So as I said the well due to the interactions of the these two modes the the longitudinal mode becomes softened. So this its relevance is actually not any Lower than the relevance of the pine mode which fits back on which fits back on the On the stiffness and leads to the collapse of the quasi long range or that at any finer temperature even if at very very low scales so instead of the Instead of the true transition we we obtain a very sharp crossover So I'd like to emphasize that this all relies on the presence of the amplitude mode in the system and as far as we Understood and we looked at it with with a bit of care. So it does not contradict any result that would be like rigorously Established in more mathematical or mathematical physics Literature so now I move on to the other calculation, which is very natural to to do and also leads to Well, it's own picture of the transition. So now we just parametrize the The effective action with this most general form which has terms of Order at most q squared in the momentum representation Well similar Calculation was done also kind of long ago by Gustav and veteri and Yeah, so this I have to say that okay here, this is the numerical calculation. So the analytical understanding is as a bit limited And the pictures that we find and and also that well for technical reasons It's not possible to do this at very low temperatures. This is related to the singularity and countered in the flow So we are we are actually The picture that we are obtaining here is is a bit similar But also has differences as compared to the the one I presented below Before so the the presence of this quasi plateaus is just an omnipresent Features and we find that okay the kind of true BKT transit well behavior cannot be restored at any order in in fight but If we use the degree of freedom, which is provided by the leg regulator Then this is possible to to perform a procedure where we just fix temperature and then scan the regulator space in such a way that we obtain a true fixed point then we Shift the temperature and then we again look for such a regulator that the fixed point is The true really true fixed point is is attained at the end of the flow So this procedure leads us to the conclusion that this this is possible only for sufficiently low temperatures so if we are if we are above some Temperature which we identify here with the true costal stylist transition then we are not able to find any regulator Of course, we are searching in some restricted family that would lead us to the to the fixed point and quite strikingly to be the the the numerical values of the eta exponent also of the a stiffness face stiffness jump is very close to the to the standard costal stylist theory So for eta we obtained like zero point twenty four and the row as Jump was also very close to to the to the standard value which is two over pi So on the other hand if we if we insist on working with a fixed regulator it's never possible to to get a line of fixed point and Depending on the the choice we make we either end up with just one fixed point or or just a very similar picture to the one We had and in this low temperature like Calculation with we just get the quasi plateaus And that's it So that's that's the that's the summary So I want to somehow Emphasize for first of all that okay this this FRG Framework provides if you are just interested in recovering the costal stylist behavior So this is possible both in the low temperature phase, and this is very simple Just forget about close the eyes and forget about this amplitude mode Then this gives the perfect kind of picture on the other hand if you want to to get the behavior of the in the transition region Then you have to use this this full derivative expansion with a somewhat not a natural perhaps procedure which just well enforces the fixed point by by By tuning the regulator This gives a very accurate well agreement of the numbers Even though the mechanism that drives the transition is just completely different In this calculation and in the in the standard theory, so this this of course Suggests well kind of rejection of the costal stylist theory at all and somehow looking at the Well the possibility that okay this amplitude mode is Is the factor which which truly? destabilizes this this phase, but this this this can be Treated as as a well just hypothesis which really would require more more kind of careful Treatment so I think that's I still time We are still four minutes including the time for discussion. Ah four minutes including discussion So it's it's okay. So then I we can discuss. Yeah, so thank you very much


We're back on hot stove with some quotes from Gary Sanchez in a conversation with ESPN's Marley Rivera. On being benched last year, feeling like I couldn't contribute was very hard. I always kept supporting my team. But the reality is they never told me why I was benched. I didn't know why I wasn't playing. On his work ethic, Gary said, I'm always working hard. Yankee fans are great. But at the same time, they're very demanding. The results were not there. That is true. But it was never due to a lack of work. On his new catching techniques that he learned in the off-season, I'd never come with my right knee down. I never threw the second base with my knee down. But I will keep on working with the organization to identify what worked and what didn't so I can figure out how I can be the best version of myself behind the plate. And I'm not catching Garrett Cole. He said, I'm someone who does not like to cause trouble. So I just let it go. I remain calm because if Cole decides to choose someone, he knows what he's doing. I think they could have explained things to him. He's saying, look, this is what's going on. And as a man, I would have understood it. And on bouncing back, he said it was a bad year. And it wasn't a year. It was 60 days. And now I have to listen to all the negative comments. Everything that everyone has to say about me, because the truth is that I play badly at the plate. Let them say what they want. I deserve it. That will make me better and stronger. And with that conversation and those quotes in mind, we bring in Michael Canow. Michael, I know you dug into this a little bit on your radio show and on social media. Of all those comments that he made and there were a variety of them, which one really stood out to you? The one that stood out to me was the one that kind of pointed to a lack of self-awareness by Gary is that he didn't understand, they didn't tell him why they didn't play him. Well, 147, the fact that you struck out about 40% of the time, the fact that you were struggling behind the plate.  And not a lot of people bring this up. Higashiyoko was playing very, very well and they're in a win or go home situation. And the one thing that I got out of social media that I didn't quite agree with, a lot of people said, well, that's Aaron Boone dropping the ball. He should discuss this with him. There was nothing to discuss because it wasn't a blanket decision we're not gonna play him for the entire post-season. Day by day, Boone agonized over what decision to make. And I believe that if they beat the Tampa Bay Rays in game five, Gary Sanchez was gonna start game one of the ALCS. It was not a blanket decision. There was no conversation to be had. Gary has to open his eyes and see Higashiyoko was better defensively and offensively and he struggled all year. That's the reason you weren't playing. I don't know why it had to be articulated for him.


కనింనమాధపమ counted a nobody seems better than young mmack. ఏవంశిమినాసి తందțiరంగౕబ महूली DHO K Crahm ra mein, Sanabiv Kumar nal, ma noj Rati Nujeting Village


What do we mean by most dangerous foods, foods that will send you to the grave faster than any other? And these foods are a bit hard to categorize, so I will keep it to general food groups. 5. Low quality processed meat. This includes farmed fish, conventionally raised eggs, any animal, whether it's pork, chicken, beef, fish, when not raised on a healthy diet becomes an unhealthy product. The fat profile of the animal will literally become what it is being fed. If you feed a chicken, corn, and soy, it will have high amounts of omega-6, low amounts of nutrients, and be very allergenic. The same chicken on pasture eating bugs and forage will be one of the healthiest things you can eat.  Yes, these low quality animal foods might be better for us than a lot of the other junk foods and fast foods that we're eating now, but they're still not good. 4. High anti-nutrient plant foods. This is a very broad topic and far too extensive to cover in this video. What we have to understand is that plants have built in defensive systems against humans. Seeds and grains, for example, have high amounts of phytates and oxalates, binding to minerals and taking them out of the body. Legumes are typically high in lectins, damaging the gut lining, and cruciferous vegetables like kale and spinach can be very high in thyroid inhibiting substances. There are dozens and dozens of these anti-nutrients. All plant foods contain different amounts of various ones.  And keep in mind, the wild plant foods that our ancestors consumed were much higher in vitamins, minerals, and elements, so even though they might have been consuming some anti-nutrient plant foods, they were a world of a difference from what we have now. 3. Refined grain carbohydrates Refined carbohydrates can be consumed in excess very easily, leading to obesity, diabetes, various lifestyle diseases. These foods also contain herbicides, pesticides, synthetic chemicals, sprayed on crops and mass amounts. Even whole grains typically contain low amounts of nutrients, but refined grains have even less minerals and still have some of the anti-nutrients present in grains. Many whole grain products are actually just refined carbohydrates with fiber added back in. Not that whole grains are healthier anyway. Now, there are groups of people who have lived in good health on foods like naturally fermented sourdough bread, but that sourdough bread from the supermarket is far from what our ancestors ate. There's also a large amount of evidence that enriched grain products where we are fortifying them with vitamins and minerals also contribute to obesity. 2. Sugar Foods high in sugar cause overeating by creating unnatural food palatability as the body does not have a signal to stop eating sweet things. And when combined with fat, lead to insulin resistance, diabetes, increased fatty acids in the blood, which when compounded with our final worst food is one of the most damaging things. High fructose corn syrup in particular is a culprit here. Fructose normally occurs in all carbohydrate-containing foods along with other sugars, glucose, sucrose, and the body absorbs and digests each of these differently using different enzymes. Fructose is only able to be processed by the liver, so consuming high fructose corn syrup on natural levels of fructose, large amounts of fruit, is partially why we have so many people with fatty liver, diabetes, and insulin resistance. 1. By far the most dangerous food to eat is vegetable seed oils. Sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean, cotton seed, peanut oil are all made by pressing seeds into sludge and processing it with chemicals. Essentially, a byproduct that we used to use to lubricate machinery, but some greedy demons decided to make it into margarine, put it into food, and market it as healthy. What happens here is simple, but not well known. The fats in your body turn into whatever you eat, so when you consume these seed oils that are high in linoleic acid and omega-6, the lipids, the cholesterol, all the fats in your blood in your body turn into plant seed oil fats. Your body doesn't recognize the new fat cell composition, attacks the cells, which leads to heart disease and a whole bunch of other health issues. Combining these foods is the perfect storm of poison. The lipids in your body are turning into inflammatory omega-6 fat because of all the crappy meat and seed oils you eat.   It's not a question if you will suffer from chronic disease on a standard American diet consuming these foods, it's a matter of which one of these diseases will manifest itself first. It becomes clear and easy to understand why people are so sick and unhealthy. Many junk foods, processed foods, candy bars, ice cream are combinations of the foods that we mentioned here. Even by just looking at the paper value of these foods there are clear negative downsides. We aren't even factoring in things such as quality, age of the food and mold growth, allergies and inflammation, a person is suffering from smoking, lack of exercise, pollution, all of which compound and result in sick, fat, unhappy people. One thing we didn't mention was nutrient density, vitamins, minerals, elements and fatty acids. That's because none of these foods have any semblance of nutrition whatsoever. So not only are they damaging your body causing systemic inflammation in various ways, they're not giving you any of the bodybuilding nutrients you need to thrive and be healthy. Thank you guys for joining me. If you could please like the video, subscribe, hit that bell icon, share the video if you can. If you guys would like to support me further definitely check out frankiesfreerangeme.com. My dream is to provide you guys with high quality nutrient dense animal foods at the most affordable price. You can also check out frankiesnaturels.com for minimal ingredients, minimally processed hygiene and cosmetic products. Thanks again for joining me guys. Reach out to frankatofano at gmail.com if you are interested in a health consultation.


you write in the book that there's value in having team members who are willing to stand up to you and question you and push back. You don't want a team full of yes people that doesn't allow you to reach those greater goals. Johnny and I in all of our years of managing team members, especially millennials and now Gen Z, there is a difficult balance there where opening up to questions can often lead to more questions that you could handle and an inability to take action to actually move towards those goals. So how did you strike that balance with opening up the floor to those questions but then allowing the team to stay focused on the goals that you had as the coach and as the leader? It's two things is the culture you set up but then it's case by case honestly and it's always easy to look back in hindsight and say okay we did this we did that when you're in that moment leading as you guys know every day you think okay am I being too hard am I being too soft. I mean I'm constantly going back and forth you know microscopically you know too hard on that guy not hard enough in that guy you know individually the team itself have I been open enough to the suggestions have I been too open same idea it also depends partly on where it's coming from I wanted to be very very close we took our leadership on the team very seriously we talked as you know it's a chapter title of one of the 12 create layers of leadership if it's you versus your team you already lost all right there's more of them than you they win sorry if you have a four person office and you're one of them is three to one you just lost so and military is worse and so our teams and so are most corporations so it can't be that so we had head coach assistant coaches captains seniors juniors sophomores and each one had responsibilities and each one therefore was responsible how the team was going so I met with the captains every single day after practice for at least a minute on their way out they knew they had to come in and check with me how we doing who's happy was not happy what should I be aware of so again I'm trying to get things upstream whenever I can that helps a lot they already feel like they're being heard if I hear about a problem with a sophomore who otherwise would probably not talk to me might be too scared to I can reach out to that sophomore say hey look man what's going on how you doing let's talk come in the office so you you learn from your captains that whole thing but then also the captains there's the scene in the book from Chris Kunkel our second captain great leader we had a good game we'd beaten a team five to three but the seniors weren't happy about a few things and they met after the game under the stands without me present which can make you paranoid if you're not careful I was a little bit just seeing what's going on then he comes in a few complaints we don't want to hear about last year's team because I love the first team of course and how tough they were and how they were the most improved team in school history we're tired of hearing of those guys we're our own team focus on us that's fair two retired having the study table at here in high school across town from the rink let's have it here at the rink order pizzas we'll shower and go right to the room across the hallway done and done and a few other things but why would I not listen to those are two good ideas they cost us nothing they gained a ton they're good they've made us better and even if it's neutral you already have the example that I listened to you and your voice matters and at that point that captain has more pull with his teammates because they know he can come to me and I listen he's got that kind of power so if I need something the other way I said Chris I need you to do X Y and Z he'll probably do it all right because we had that kind of relationship now that is a scary moment for any leader but I've seen it when it's mishandled you are headed for a mutiny and that is even scarier


To get a concealed carry permit in the state of Wyoming, one of the ways is to take a class taught by an NRA certified instructor, and that is what we offer. So this class can be just about anything. The law is very vague. So each sheriff is, you know, kind of has the ability to choose what they will accept. And my understanding is that in Teton County it is not acceptable to have an NRA instructor meet you at the bar and say, hey, be careful with that gun. Did you enjoy the class I just taught? That's not quite enough. In some places, perhaps it is. There are a number of online courses that I think you're $29 or something like that. You just take the online course and and it's taught by an NRA certified instructor, and then they say, hey, you're good to go. In Teton County, I don't believe that works, and I personally am just not not good with that. I feel that if I'm going to put my name on a certificate saying that you are comfortable that I've observed you being comfortable, familiar, proficient, using a firearm, I should actually see that in person. I should know that know that you're you have that basic understanding of using a gun. So that is why we offer the course in the way that we do. We have always taught one-day classes and they've ranged anywhere from six to ten hours depending on how many students and how many questions are asked and that kind of thing. And we've needed to change things. Because of the response to the the virus spring of 2020, there are some rules that we have to follow at the venue we use that don't allow people to be within a social distance. We have to be beyond that at six feet or ten feet and wearing masks, and it's just not practical. It's not a good learning environment. And so we've had to come up with a better or different alternative to make do during this time. So we've put a lot of work into developing this course so that you'll still get the same quality or close to the same quality as you did in our traditional classes. And I'm kind of proud of what we've come up with. And while I say that, I really want you to be in touch with me if there's any portion of this course, any parts or pieces that are not great or that I'm incorrect about. There's got to be a few that I've just missed. Please be in touch. Tell me what I got wrong, what we can add to make it better, what was a little bit overdid. Give me your feedback. I really want to make this better as time goes on to make it a better learning experience for you. Our training is divided up into three sections, and the first two parts kind of come together in a package. And that package is access to our training videos. And those videos consist essentially of the three to three and a half hours of lecture that I typically provided in our traditional classes in a live classroom setting. So I have prepared those on videos, and some are as short as ten minutes, and some are as long as forty minutes, but you can kind of watch them as you choose at your own pace. You need to watch all of them, but it's up to you if you want to do it all in one afternoon sitting, or if you want to do it over the course of a week or two. So that's at your pace. And then we'll have a Zoom session, a couple Zoom sessions. And it'll be in one evening. It'll take about an hour and a half to two hours. It's going to start out with a question and answer period. And during that time, from all the videos that you watched, as questions came up that I didn't answer and you jotted those down, you can ask those and I'll answer those and we'll maybe do a little bit of review. Feel free to ask anything at that point. There'll probably be between two and 20 other people on the Zoom session in the last 15, 20 minutes, something like that, until we get all the questions answered. And then I will share with you a link to the examination, to the test. And if you have really watched all of the videos and asked questions about things you weren't sure about, you'll do well on the test. And it will probably take you anywhere from 15 minutes to 30 minutes, something like that. Once everyone has completed the test, then we have the second Zoom session. And we will go over the test. And in my opinion, this section is the best, this part where we are going over the questions. And some of them are easy and just kind of a yes or no thing. But some of them are scenarios and we're going to talk about those. We're going to argue about, you know, well, could we have done this? Could we have done that? Should we have done this? And this is where most of the best part of the learning takes place. And so that will take anywhere from half an hour, 45 minutes, something like that, to review the most important parts of the test. At the end of that, you've now completed parts one and two. The final part is taking a live firearms training session from us at the range. And in order to make it affordable, we have one type of session that is about an hour long. To break even, we need to have four students and we'll have two instructors with them. And right now, hopefully things have changed by the time you've listened to this, but at the time of recording, the gun club that we use requires people to stay six feet apart and 10 feet apart if no masks are on. So this makes it really reduces the number of people that can can be their shooting, which in order for us to break even, we have to reduce the number of hours we're out there getting the training. So long story short, an hour with three other people and we will cover the basics of shooting, make sure your stance is good. We're not going to cover all of that in as great of detail in the lecture portion because we're going to be doing it live. So we'll make sure that you're squared away. You know the basics, know the foundation of foundational elements of shooting. And so that that would be an hour if you choose that option. For those of you that want a more in depth option at the range, we do have one that is two hours long and it's in. It's our regular private pistol class that everyone seems to love. We we bring out a number of guns you can try out and it's just you and one other person if you choose to bring them another family member and the two of you with your instructor focus training for two hours. That's the best option, but it is more expensive. It's not that much more expensive if you have someone with you that we understand to be a household member. If you tell us they're a household member, it's your husband, wife, son, daughter or anybody you live with. You can be in the same private class together. So that's a great option for that final part. So whether you choose to be in the group class or take a private class at the conclusion of that, we will know that you have the intellectual knowledge from the legal, moral aspects, the tactical, the basics of how guns work. We'll be able to know that you know your stuff. And at that point, we'll be comfortable to give you a certificate saying that you have completely completed our concealed firearms permit class. Now, there is another option for those of you that live in other states. You live in New York. You don't really want the concealed carry permit. You just want the training. You want the knowledge or you took the course some years ago and you want to refresher. That's why we offer the first two portions only. And you can just do that as a separate purchase and then not even do the live fire training. That's okay with us. We'll give you a certificate at the end of the first two parts. If you want one saying that you have completed those. However, that certificate is again, not going to be accepted by most sheriffs as proof of firearms familiarization because we won't have seen you handling the guns. So I mentioned earlier the legal section. We are going to be covering laws as they were some years ago in Wyoming. And I purposefully am not trying to be your legal advisor here. I'm not an attorney. Nothing said in the class should be considered legal advice. Consider everything I said to be wrong and outdated. And it's just a starting point.  I should check into that. And I'll share with you where you can go to find all this information. It is also going to be different depending on the state that you live in. So if you're in Idaho or Montana or some other state that it has the same standards as Wyoming and there are a number of states that will accept our class as proof of firearms familiarization. Those states are going to have different laws. So you'll need to do your own research and figure those out. For those of you that have already taken a class like this, things have changed. The laws have changed. They're constantly changing. Make sure you're checking every single year. And if you want good, true, up-to-date, real good legal advice, go to your attorney that specializes in this. I cannot tell you these things even back when I was a cop. I didn't stay up to date on classes as much as I should have. And I can kind of, you know, without ratting anybody out. Neither did my partners. Get your advice from an attorney that is really staying up-to-date on these things. It's going to be worth doing that. So that's a brief description of what the course is about. If you have any questions, please feel free to reach out, ask me. And I'll get those answered and look forward to seeing you in the Zoom session. The way that you'll purchase this is you'll go onto our website and you'll purchase the first portion, the parts one and two. You'll do that at your own speed, the video portion. And then there's a link there that will show you what Zoom sessions we have scheduled, what evenings or mornings or whenever we decide to do those. And you'll then let us know which one of those you want to attend. After attending that, then you'll be in touch with us to purchase the live fire portion. And if you're going to do the private class, you'll do that by phone or email. Contact our booking gurus and get that scheduled. It'll be with a private instructor. So we do each of those customized as far as time and everything. So you'll be in touch with us for those. If you wanted the live range session, then we'll have another method. You'll have a link there on our webpage that you can click that will show you how to buy the one hour group session at the range. Thanks so much for your interest. And please let me know how we can make this better and make your life better.


Bob Lorentz and Jack Curry with you first a three between the Yanks and the Angels in Anaheim and more reinforcements now for that Yankees starting rotation. And it's important that Corey Kluber is back on the mound Bob because they were probably times this summer where Kluber wanted a fee would be back out there and the Yankees wondered as well. It's been almost a hundred days since he has pitched in a Major League game but now he's back in the New York groove he's back wearing that gray New York Road uniform trying to help the Yankees win a game tonight. But here's the question that's going to loom over him. Will he be back in the postseason groove? If the Yankees get to the postseason and have a series in which they play more than one game will they have the confidence in Corey Kluber to give him the ball for a start? He's got a month to answer that question.


They tried to tell us it was over. Tensey tight season's over. Let's call it what it is. That we were just a one-trick pony.  Oh, John Traum! We're no one-trick pony. We're a team. A family. That's family. Family sitting together no matter what happens in a game. Any adversity. A family that has fought adversity like no other in the history of the NFL. And the injuries continue to mount. Concussions. Horn ACLs. Broken legs. They had COVID. A team that has fought its way to the top seed and the AFC. My New Year's resolution is don't ever count the Titans out. So here we go. Divisional round right now. Our playoff journey begins. We're just getting started, man. This team is ready. Just the mentality this year is just like not satisfied with division champs. We're trying to go win a Super Bowl for this entire city. The road to the Super Bowl runs through Nashville. It's time to rock. Nissan Stadium to get this first dove. Let's go!


What's going on, guys and gals? Brad, here for Leighton SportsConnect, we're ripping 2022 definitive baseball case 33 random teams. Here's the list one more time. Feel free to check it out on the website at any time and thank you for joining. Hey, what's up, Brennan? How you doing? We're about two weeks from now. Jumbo patch, five of five, Matt Olson, A's, Helmet Relic, Rocky to 35, Brandon Marsh, Jersey Auto, Jim Tome, to 40, White Sox. Yeah, definitive is always fire. Relic Auto, Bansby Swanson to 50, Atlanta Braves, Mike Trout, Tautis Jr., seven of 15, Angel's Padres, Old Frame Auto, Don Mattingly, six of 10, Yankees Mattingly, got it, Rich. Rookie Auto, Ronzi Contreras to 50, Matt's gonna send out an email to both of the customers for that dual auto. We're not gonna random it just yet until we know what they wanna do. And Ozzie Smith Auto, 10 of 25, five of 15, Jorge Polanco, Twins, Shirley Blackman, Rockies to 50, Jersey Auto, Steve Carlton, one of 40 Phillies, Hatch Auto, Manny Machado, seven of 10, San Diego. That's really pretty. Dual Relic, dual auto Braves, Chipper Jones, Freddie Freeman to 25, Gold Frame Auto, Yankees, Alex Rodriguez. Does this work anymore? Why does no work anymore? That sucks, man. I don't have a center beep anymore. I gotta fix that. We got Matt Manning Auto, Rookie Tigers to 50, and a Purple Auto Reggie Jackson. Five of five, Reggie Jackson as an A.  Yeah, that's what's going on. No idea. That's not him. No, I know. The other one. I know, I know. Two billets. Yeah. We got Patch, Buster Posey to a 15, Giants. Cause when you ran the doorbell, it was like, it's probably my dad. I'm like, what? What, why? We got Patch, Justin Verlander to 50, Astros, Five of five, Patch Auto, David Ortiz. Boom. Big Poppy. There he goes. Patch Auto, Astros to 25, Jose Altuve. Albu. He's shy. He just doesn't want to take a shirt off. He's shy. There's no buzzer. He's just shy. We got Triple Auto, Reds, Johnny Bench, Barry Larkin, Joey Votto. That's not, no. Yeah, it's not. I don't even know they made non numbered cards in the definitive. Interesting. Gold frame auto, Bruce Hooper, or Bryce Harper, to 15, Bucky Auto, Jake Myers, eight of 10, Houston, and a auto Mariana Rivera, eight of 10, Yankees. And there you go guys. That'll do it. Coming up next, more definitive.