How's everything going out here? I Think good You know, I walk there was no there was no hooligans around so I think it ma'am Do you think or do you know? I know because look it. There's nobody around. What is your job here? I'm PD to right your PD toe. So what does PD toe do? I tell vehicles when you guys Actually catch them.  Cornwood senior captain cleanest cornwood cornwood haven't I met you? Don't recall If you're around while under was around there ain't no wonder y'all ain't caught nobody, you know Yeah, he's he's got to learn how to drive like me. I taught him a thing or two months But we'll see if you actually learn someday Maybe under what is Gta wise guy? He's like I was in the car with him and Kyle Fred and Well, Fred hates me But you could come out of the car on the south side and under what told him to go back for me apparently Yeah, and I got taken hostage, but she happens look I'm still alright. I'm still here. Okay. Well, you stay safe Okay, make sure nobody calls any trouble here for us. Wait, so who who's the better would? Me Noted. I'm always the better This batch 316 1041 entering the tunnel where BCB is eastbound on Del Parra freeway on the other side Is it a robbery? What is it? Directly inside of the billbomb now. There's someone attempting to hop on the back You get a motorcycle coming up behind you through BCB is under the port so so you're going out to go all the way up on Alta heading southbound It's jumping back to the canal from the water BCB Underneath the bridge So southbound in the canal. He's going back up towards base back to Alta Let's go for another EMP here. Yeah, I didn't think I didn't think this through. Okay.  Yeah, okay, we can't have people dying before a storm Okay, just go take some shelter. It's gonna be fine. Okay Captain cleat is cornwood senior captain cleat is cornwood. Okay, y'all be safe now y'all doing good today I'm doing well, sir. How are you? I'm doing fantastic things tip-top shape It's getting there Why do you remember now best is the standard? That's how we do things at BCSO That's anyone told him that there's no BC Wait, how the hell do I get back up? Yeah, just keep up the good work you're cornwood having no idea that the BCSO got split up Forever Hey, how y'all doing y'all doing good just doing a little bit of robbery a little bit of stealing Listen, my car's around back. I'm just gonna pull it up to the front now. All right. Okay. Yeah, you go right ahead Just be my guest. Hey, do we have anyone else coming here does 90? I'm solo here. Okay officer How's your day going today?  You know, I got loans to pay.  All right. Yes, sir.  Oh learn how to count cats. Okay. So so how many how many how many how much there's two y'all Okay, then what's he doing in here? He's the Okay. Hey, what'd they do to you son? Whatever old you are They took me to the library What yeah, it's a likely story. So you say that you have a library card You know You have seven library cards. I'm gonna need some major backup. I think I think this damn hostage is crazy.  Me yes as many as I had to okay Jesus Christ.    Yeah had to do what what my Superiors told me really are these your superiors right here? I think so. All right, listen We got a we got a guy on the way. All right.   That's fine. Give him a call real quick. Let's see. Do I leave now?  All right, we took we took real nice good care of the place.  It's not on you. It's on the hostage. Okay.   I don't know if he works for me doesn't work for him I'm just gonna let him go I'm just gonna take him back to you. There's no money on him. I'll be right behind you. Am I getting in the text? We're going south bound Great Ocean Highway. We have a blue looks like a bullet Two times occupied got motorcycle helmets What do I look like they had a clock on them? Can't remember what the other one had Wait, what is a bullet? But a plus we are eastbound base of the incline Condit not a bullet We're going left northbound Cougar Avenue Right left eastbound Boulevard Del Perro turning right He flipped eastbound right again going southbound on South Rockford Drive The damn weather reporter a chase


So what does that mean to have TB disease? Let me give it to you straight. You have to pay attention to TB.  It's that simple. I was afraid to tell anyone. I just ignored it, you know? And I thought it would go away. I'm okay. Listen. Are we gonna have any orchids on? Orchids will be coming in Monday. You've got some in now. I don't know if you want to send them out. Or you can send them out. We'll look at them first. They'll be back. Now get moving. You've got a lot more to do. Let me get that orchid. When the people at the clinic told me I had TB, it was terrible. But I stopped working and took the medicine, like they said. What else could I do? It took good care of me. It wasn't so bad. But I needed to go back to work. I got teenagers. They eat like horses. I knew I needed to take my medicine. But I just didn't have time to get to the clinic. They said when I wasn't contagious anymore it was okay to go back to work. So I went. I'm his outreach worker. And I became very concerned about why Frank just stopped coming into the clinic. Because it's not like him to do this without telling me. How you doing? Listen. Frank, I really have to speak to you. So I decided I really needed to go out and see why he didn't come into the clinic. But your health comes first, Frank. I said I was feeling fine. I needed to take care of my family. I have a call right down the block. Listen, I only missed taking the medicine a few days. Is it really going to make that much of a difference? Yes, it is. It makes a great deal of difference. You need to take your medication every day, Frank. And you miss two days. That's two days too many. I told Frank that if he didn't keep up with his regimen, that he can become sicker. And who would be there to take care of his family? I couldn't argue with that. I said okay. Now to help me out. The outreach worker brings my medicine about the job a few times a week. Do you have something I can take with me? Yes, I can. That's okay, Frank. I go out each day to work with patients who have been diagnosed with tuberculosis. Life is tough enough. Who wants to know that they have TB? Have you been here before? Yeah, I was here a couple of days ago to get tested. Somebody at my job got TB, so we all had to get tested. I'm here to get the results. I'm really scared. Yeah, somebody at the health department told me I've been in contact with someone who had TB. You too. I've already taken a few tests. I've been here already a few times, so... I thought I was feeling fine, you know. I said I had to come in anyway, so... Lopez, Tina. Good luck. There is good news. TB is preventable and curable. However, TB medicine must be taken as prescribed for at least six months. You can beat this disease if you take your medicine. When people come to the clinic, they are often frightened and have a lot of questions. Our job is to answer their questions, to make them feel comfortable, and to help them understand the difference between TB infection and TB disease. Hi. My name is Guy from the Department of Health. Let me see you in your arm, please. You have a reaction. You got the skin test. The positive reaction means Tina has been infected with TB bacteria. You can become infected if you spend a lot of time around someone who has active TB disease and is coughing the bacteria into the air. Okay, so I may have gotten it breathing maybe at work, just from working closely with someone. Tina was most likely exposed from working in close contact with someone who had active TB disease. We're going to be doing another test. Tina will be given a chest x-ray and other tests to determine if she has TB disease. I was worried because I can't believe I would get a letter from the health department that I have to go and get tested for TB. I mean, someone at my office would actually get the disease. I didn't even know it existed. What does that mean? Infection. Alright, what infection means is that the TB bacteria is in your body, but it's not active at this point. When the bacteria enters the body, the body's defenses begin to work by building a wall around them the way a scab forms over a cut. The bacteria can stay alive inside these walls, but they are not active. While they are not active, the bacteria can do damage to the body and they don't make you sick. This is TB infection. Can I give it to someone else? No, you're not contagious. You can only spread it if you have the active disease in your lungs. Hello, Pest. How are you doing this afternoon? Okay, I guess. Most people who have TB infection do not develop TB disease, but some people are at greater risk of developing TB disease. These people should take medicine to prevent the disease from developing. It's called preventive treatment. And you don't have the disease right now. What do you do for someone with TB infection? In somebody like yourself we usually suggest them to take preventive treatment. What is the medicine? It's called isonicid or INH. INH is a medication given to prevent TB disease from developing. We recommend Tina take it every day for at least six months. That will be the minimum you have to take it to make sure that you'll be fine. We recommend preventive treatment for people who have positive skin tests and have been in close contact with a person who has TB disease, for people who have HIV infection or other conditions that weaken the immune system, for people who inject drugs, for those who have been infected with TB within the last two years and all babies and young children. Frankly, this has not been a good day.  What do you mean I have TB disease? TB is a serious illness. You can get TB after you're infected, after it enters the body, if the body defenses break down or you may already have inactive TB bacteria in your body and it becomes active when the defenses of the body break down. This may be due to aging, illness, drug or alcohol abuse or HIV infection. Now what this means is that the bacteria that is in the body encapsulated breaks through that wall and it can multiply.  I mean, at least I'm not in the hospital or anything like that and they caught it early enough and hopefully I can tell my friends and my family to get tested as well so in case they have it they can get caught early enough. Tell me what I have to do to get better. You need to take at least four different medications. People on TB treatment must take medication for at least six months. The Department of Health offers services to help patients complete their treatment. How can I keep up with all those medications? Well, the Department of Health offers a program known as the DOT program and that stands for Directly Observed Therapy.  Yeah, but if I feel better, why do I have to continue taking my medicine? Even though you feel better, you still have active bacteria in your body. If you stop taking your medication the bacteria can multiply.  TB disease and I took the medicine at first and I was feeling a little I was feeling a little better but I didn't keep up with it so when I started to feel bad I was afraid to tell anyone I just ignored it, you know and I thought it would go away. When we finally found Cecilia she was in bad shape she even infected our kids. Thank goodness we found them in time they're all on preventive treatment now and they're going to be okay. It's hard on her though because now she has to take more medication than before but she's doing fine. She hasn't missed a day of medication. Well, I know I did the wrong thing because I'm paying for it, you know and so are my kids. I spent like four months in the hospital and I almost died. I don't know I was really close to losing the fight and I did it to myself and I would just tell other people you know, don't do what I did just take care of yourself and take your medicine. The medicine is generally safe but it is important to tell your doctor right away if you notice any of the following side effects nausea, vomiting your skin turns yellow your urine becomes dark your vision changes you develop a fever, numbness or tingling your feet or a rash. What do I have to do to keep it from spreading? Well, the best way to keep it from spreading is to take your medication as prescribed and while you're contagious you shouldn't go to work and please remember that when you cough or sneeze use the tissue to cover your mouth. If you take your medication as prescribed in a few weeks you'll no longer be contagious you can go back to your life as normal. There's no shame with blaming TB anyone can get it. I need to help you. I'm taking preventive medicine and I know I'm gonna be alright. I'm on directly observed therapy I'm getting better. If you take your medicine TB doesn't have to mean the end of your life or anything like that. Keep up with your medicine don't stop and do it for your children.


I want to start by asking you, what do you think are going to be the kind of priority issues for a new government? We will have a new government of some stripe in a couple of months time. What do you think they're going to, how are they going to front up to the challenges of cyber security and cyber crime? One of the things that's becoming more and more apparent is that cyber is not a single technological issue the way that we have attended to think about it over the last 10, 15 years. It covers the gamut of social issues, social interactions and the problem is that the field itself is becoming more and more noisy. The signal-to-noise ratio is diminishing and so there is a tendency just to leap on the latest thing and trying to react to that. So the challenge for the government is going to be to how best to overcome that immediate need for reaction which you'll need to do but rather than just coming in having a knee-jerk reaction, take the time to think about the longer term. And the longer term includes questions such as how do we build the social capital amongst our people to be able to deal technologically and socially, politically, economically with these challenges? How do we invest in our institutions and research organisations to actually have that long-term investment into the future rather than just relying on let's bring another law in put another law in place because we'll end up in a thicket of laws that will actually diminish our capability to take a longer term view and do what's best for our society. What we don't get I think you're emphasizing is just the variety of one of the criminal conduct or disruption that we're actually dealing with under that basket of cyber security and it can be state actors you know trying to undermine I don't know nuclear facilities I'm thinking of Stuxnet as a kind of as a classic example right down to you know social media bullying, self-harm the sorts of things that take place in social media might be scammed it might be all kinds of you know misuse if you like of the internet and abuse the internet. I'm thinking too things like child exploitation materials and so on so that variety is a bit of a challenge too isn't it? And the area in which you deal with mainly is a really it's like a it's like a petri dish of all these things this is where the testing ground is this is where a lot of those tools can be tested and what we're seeing is that those tools are tested in those environments because it's all globally networked they can spread very quickly and nation-state actors particularly those with the big four regimes that we're seeing in this space which is Russia China the North Korea and Iran are picking up those tools and techniques and then reforming them and so we're still seeing this positive feedback loop in in the cyber domain. One of the issues is because it's entirely man-made is how do we actually you know deal with its how can we shape that environment for good rather than just leave it for you know for bad and let it rot at the edges and fall apart. Well I mean yeah look I think there are so many different challenges there's lots I'm very quite optimistic I mean in the sense that some of these some of these areas some of the sorts of you know because what's what's really happened is the internet's enabled crime it's a facilitator you know before the 1990s yes there was child exploitation or child sex abuse material but it wasn't on the scale so there's the scaling up problem which you clearly have identified and then as you say there's this interesting interaction or iteration between you know criminal activity crime follows opportunity and the way in which states intermesh with that so there is there is a there is a greater complexity but I'm kind of interested a little bit in what you said about the sort of cyber security training education research area a bit close to us because we we know we have a profound shortage of the kind of expertise the skill sets that we need and we're desperate to try to make it more multidisciplinary as well so what's the next step do you think Leslie so that side of it because that's the roof that is challenges no there's couple things there's immediate education problem I'll get back to that but there's the analogy often use is public health so 150 years ago we had to governments had to convince people that there are in these invisible things that could do them harm and not only that if they you know were themselves infected then they could affect their broader population their family and society and this is not on you know there's a useful analogy because it illustrates how we have to put in those particular behaviors we have to trust individuals we also trust organizations to do things it is not merely the government to do things and it's a that enabling of the broader society so now we wash our hands we have vaccinations you know we know about immunity we have institutions like hospitals to take worse you know care of the worst cases and I think there is something we can learn from that in the cyber realm that you know the analogies obviously aren't one-to-one but it does talk to you talk to prevention does talk to reshape the environment to be less risky and we also educated about how we can be healthier and so on as well as well I think on the education side I often talk about that broader ecosystem we cannot just rely on law enforcement we cannot just rely on the technologists we have to broaden that understanding so that people just take those aware and take those preventative measures we also have to ensure that people who do things like the funding resourcing and build the economic models are aware of the of the downsides and think proactively about how they can improve things rather than throw the hands up say I've had a problem I need someone fix it yeah look I think that I mean you're up obviously the prevention approach is going to be the one that's going to yield bigger returns and figuring out how to do that is important but we have got a couple of different levels haven't we let me one one that sort of kind of worries me a bit is that we have you know we have that what are we called the high you know the national security type the infrastructure the kinds of things that we really must protect and then we've got of course you know that for one of a better word you know the mum and pop sort of vases that come through ransomware or romance frauds or whatever scams that are around and it strikes me is that we might I don't know look this is a question I want to do are we putting enough effort in into target hardening if you're like producing Cape enabling cable guardianship to look after our really you know our key infrastructure needs and are we putting enough money into that I mean I'm yeah I do I do think there is a relationship actually by the way yes between the higher you know people attacking computer systems grabbing databases going after disrupting either as competitors yeah or you know commercial we see this on the dark net market just as matter it's quite fascinating you've got a lot of illicit crypto markets out there and they're constantly fighting each other as well yes there's a hyper competition in place so that's distributed on all services tax going on all the time so yes from us from a research point of view it's a bit painful because we're trying to collect data yes so this is where I think we have to rethink what society is and looks like because it's clear that our attack surface for the technical and so we have to harden from the nation-state level downwards hardening merely the nation-state is not enough hardening at the individual level is not going to be enough we also need to understand that's the the adversary has a range of different motive so particularly in the crime space it is you know about money and you know about you know ways that whether it's actually directly pulling money out or getting credentials to on sale to etc so there's a market market mechanism there some of the nation-state actors are actually more interested in disruption confusion eroding our social norms so we need to also put into place a lot of things about how we actually strengthen our society and that's where I'm concerned about just regulation just as a response because that makes things more brittle you need to give people the ability to be able to respond and harden their own yeah I think the problem too with the law I mean not not not that I wouldn't be arguing that is a solely a law enforcement but the problem is there is an appetite there's a huge appetite for you know law enforcement services and we've got to have that you know you're releasing we've got to have some appetite control and we've got about to direct those limited resources in the best way we can so in a sense I guess look it does remind me we've been saying this for a long time actually the person or the company or the individual that will the corporations will the innovators who can put together a really clever mousetrap a better better word that can help unwitting people like us to use yes the technology is a general purpose technology can they come up with something a better my mouth and can we come up with the people can generate high level of trust and efficiency security they're the guy they're going to profit in this environment yes I guess what troubles me a bit less is I don't see governments having a role on that or they may have a role but they don't deliver that kind of product well there's two things there firstly we can see that mechanism that you know already in play as being a commercial advantage so Apple plays on that very does now does yes now it does and doing a very good job in that space at the government level this is where we think governments have to put a bit more thought into things because it's very easy for them to say right we will control we will act we will do things and then of course when it doesn't work because all software is vulnerable all those guarantees aren't put into place or at least shown to be well actually we didn't really understand yeah or it was used in an environment we haven't anticipated all sorts of kinds of things and so yeah and so there's a erosion of well how can we trust governments and then on top of that you have you know even in our society we have the fallout of things like Snowden and so on so how can we trust these people so there's a lot of work government has to do about rebuilding trust they cannot demand it you cannot enforce it you have to earn it and that's a hard road and it requires a lot of time and attention and investment and smart people actually and they're pathetic people so one of the other problems we have to is that people are people they're messy and we try to sort of make it well this is a standardized person that's what they everyone should look like that people are messy they grow and change it's like beat our rock coming out as being the cold you know for my member the cult of the dead cow you know for my hacker group okay just picked up that reference okay but yeah and people these days it would be seen oh he's really bad he's up there with anonymous and last you know etc now it's seen as well he's actually and you can see how people evolve and change and we have to be more forgiving of people and let them grow and express themselves because it's creativity that will actually help us get through that and how do you foster that and how do you bring that into an ethical space in the sort of kind of suppression of hacking and all the things that we worry about that's actually just because I wonder things we're going to be doing first when we do is again a norm norms and ethics thing so you need to be able to pass a reasonably high level I think to be a progress progress through it but it comes down to given that we have doubts about institutions you know you know politicians frankly do need to step up but there's a debate to be had particularly as we're seeing a bifurcation the world between liberal and liberal regimes and the natural reactions of all states is to try and exert control in defence and that takes us down a liberal path there's a discussion we had about values and I think about you know commonality of values the world we want to live in and that's where you start pulling some of these really bright students who who are motivated by those those drivers to actually come together I'm really interested in that I mean I am interested in the values and the fact that we are we have to think about the kind of societies we want to live in and we have to nurture them and it does go back to all sorts of kind of issues about how we keep our democracies democracies vibrant and there's a lot of concern as you say there's a lot of there's going to be some conversations around surveillance for example yes and how much of that we can tolerate them which clearly there's a lot of I guess a gassness that's a proper word or awkwardness around the whole social response you know what's going on in China the social credit system people can see that so there's anxiety about surveillance there's quite a lot more concern about privacy than I think we've we've been aware of and I can really agree one of the classic problems is that we've often said oh kids don't care they care enormously they care deeply and we've got problems like sextors say you know sexting you know evolving cultural behaviors and norms which you and I would find quite sort of strange or rather odd which are very common place and so we have to kind of address these things and so the downside of sexting is extortion yes and it ends up you know and they end up in databases where you know people can miss years and so it's there's a pretty scary from that point of view and so again that value how are we going to get that how are we going to reshape that lesson do you think I mean I think it's a really important point and I do think it's important I really do and I think this is the conversation we have to have nationally and I think we need to change the tone of the conversation if I just take a step sideways to Christchurch for a moment yeah yeah one of the things that has really struck me with that Jacinta Ardern's response I I am full of admiration because by coming back and showing empathy to people very warm secondly but what she's saying is this is not us now it's interesting because rather than coming down and saying oh my god we have to stop this she's saying she's actually empowering the people of New Zealand say step up and say this is not us we are going to exemplify better behavior and that it's a small thing but it's just a really different mindset from a leadership point exactly don't you think? And I think when we start having debates about the sexting, sextortion those sort of things again coming back and saying this is not us this is not the society we want to be it's simple things like that to actually just shift that thinking a bit it may not it sounds weak it may not be enough but I think it's also better than coming down and then just saying well here's a law because you also disempower people you risk moral hazard as a result because someone else will take care of that it's the collective advocacy broken windows problem no look like I mean I I do get that and indeed actually of course the the possession of the video and the manifest of course that's been controlled now for obvious reasons and then we get to the other side which is a game more in the law enforcement so someone has done something what are the what how do we how do we measure that what sort of evidence given that's going to be far more widespread can we build up resilience in people so victims are focusing more on the victims and resilience and they do what are they you know and indeed how do they how do they manage this at their own sort of individual ethical level I mean cuteness has to be given to Facebook I mean they did pull down pull down one half million videos and so on but of course Facebook is not fortunate yeah so there are lots of other you know players in that in that space yes but it does strike me as it's going to be a conversation difficult conversation we're going to have about how we're going to regulate social media as if it were because it actually acts like a media yes platform and I think it's I think confusing Facebook with say fortune is yeah it's pretty very very different totally different Facebook is a walled garden and even there they have any different control you know so the spaces that particularly you're looking at the dark web that's much more the wild wild west so yeah and I'm saying I'm really saying is that Facebook did respond I think responsibly but they've got huge challenges in the content area and we keep and that's why I do think in a way what governments have been government have been doing in the research area with AI and machine that'll all come into play I mean it'll take time yeah but I can see I can envision a space when we're able to kind of catch up yes in a way that we haven't been able to do before yeah I'm still optimistic but I I don't think we're going to stop Brevic number three or whatever you know I mean that's no it's a tough that's a tough gig isn't it yeah but I think with regard to the the AI we shouldn't avoid looking as the silver bullet I definitely it's not it's a it's over there's no question yes we're still working in what we call narrow AI right it's not general AI but it's still pretty it can be really helpful yeah and again those small narrow things understand that they're one of a suite of tools that will be looking at and so on as well rather than saying well we've got the killer app here well no it's not that yes


What's up guys, Ruxen34 back and today we have more battles of legend Armageddon and you know why we're back We pulled the 10,000 dragon. We pulled the chaos emperor dragon of Armageddon We still have to pull the utopia. So here we go. We've got 33 packs. These were from blister packs I opened them up ahead of time so it wouldn't take forever. And yeah, we're gonna open these up for the giveaway. We have Crusader of Endemian, Dark Templar at Ignister Geo Mathemic final Sigma and no way. Yeah Penguin soldier, that's for you my penguin soldier guy We've got a chance to win a penguin soldier from Star Deck Joey All you have to do is like the video be subscribed and make sure you guys let me know in the comments Do you prefer a 10,000 dragon or utopia? I feel like I know what you guys are gonna say But I'm gonna let you guys answer the comments for the giveaway. So let's get into this Hopefully we can pull another either chaos emperor dragon or a utopia I do have four chaos emperor dragons right now and but they look so sweet. I've kept all of them. So here we go Oh, yeah, I got to do the card trick So first pack is a fossil dragon skullgar This set in value really it really tanked like the values looked really good And then like the first day that was like publicly available so much went on to the market that it just killed the set value so here we go Plants are test and skull guys And we know which one we want we want the skull knight this time We don't want the skull king. We figured it out after that first video And after the case opening make sure you guys go check out the live stream case opening up here It was pretty awesome. We did good You could say that secure gardener dark armed the dragon of annihilation. That's a pretty good pull Definitely like that the dragon options Really sweet card. That's really cool All right next pack Yeah, I'm really hoping for Casper for dragon just because I love that card and Obviously utopia 10,000 dragon not complaining if we pull another one Darkness metal the dragon of dark seal. There's another one of the dragons. That's pretty awesome These are some of the coolest cards in the set. They're holding their value pretty well I'm not sure if it's because they're good or because they're collectible or both So you definitely want to pull those dragons from the for the pack art Okay, here we go Go yo defender Pleinster refuse number 39 utopia lightning. That's a good ultra and glacial beast blizzard wolf This originally was a few dollars. I think it went down to like 50 sins or something So that's a nice ultra rare. That's still like a dollar. I think just decent All right, yeah, let's pull that utopia that would be the dream right All right, here we go Dragon buster destructs the sword. Oh Shining flare wingman and a high rate draw Shining flare wingman is pretty cool. I mean it doesn't really make any sense why it's in there, but Pretty cool. Here we go Next pack for the utopia. These were yeah, these were blisters as I mentioned But I opened them up because it takes so long to open them on video number four invoked Pergatrio and dark spell regeneration secret rare and for ultra's we definitely would pull artifact sanctum and mecha fan and beast Oh lion Those are pretty much the big ultras then utopia lightning is not bad Got another drag dragon buster attraction sword Solomon great sunlight wolf and armored white bear Yeah, the chaos number dragon is pretty tough to pull It's yeah, two three per case So the chances of us pulling it are pretty low since we only had 33 packs a little bit over a booster box about a booster box and a half Another shining flare wingman number two and a dark arm dragon of annihilation again. That's pretty sweet Can't complain about that. That's a decent card Very awesome, okay Next pack Well, this one contain the utopia hit the like button for luck guys that would be crazy if we pulled both star lights Yeah, that'd be awesome Fireflint lady. That is a nice ultra and a number C 92 or chaos 92 you guys told me heart earth chaos dragon So he says chaos twice. He said chaos and chaos dragon Fireflint lady. I think it's like a dollar ultra. So that's pretty solid Definitely a good card to pull we go for the utopia Steam synchron invoked Elysium Quacky mirror dragon Ross disciple Glacier beast polar penguin Okay Thanks pack here we go number three I Don't know what that is number number S39 utopia lightning and number chaos 92 Heart earth dragon. So there's another utopia lightning That's pretty sweet Next pack Milific Paradigm dragon flying Sir laundry dragon cross sheep. Oh, I forgot a cross sheet.  It'd be nice to pull those a Numeron network and numeron calling those are nice secrets So far we haven't pulled anything crazy in the secrets a lot There's not really too much crazy, but not even like decent so fire front lady. There's another ultra. That's decent Time stream. I think that's not horrible, but I can't really remember Firefront lady. Is that a place out of those? That's pretty sweet ultra rare card Yeah, we've also haven't pulled on the artifact sanctum beckham fan and beast o lions Invocation is pretty tough to pull so we haven't pulled that either Here we go Black rolling go yo guardian book of moon glacial beast blizzard wolf secret. Yeah, so book of moon is always nice to have To set aside for the goat format, you know, so I'm definitely gonna do that sleeve it up ultra rare All right Utopia come to us. Let's do this The foreign language card the Yu-Gi-Oh made-up language Number chaos 92 Hard Earth Dragon Are you just say chaos 92 like not number do you say number or chaos number? I think it's chaos number Okay, so black wing steam sink run Dryer Drake sunlight wolf and a fossil dragon skull gar secret rare Alright, we need some luck. We need to pull something good right now. We haven't pulled much Come on. Give us some fire Chaos Nios number three numeron gate shining flare wing man number two numeron gate dive Chaos number 92 for like the fifth time that is crazy. We keep pulling that guy. Okay. We still got a decent amount of packs Still got chances at utopia Give it to us astral language Formula skipper or four mudskipper. What is that? I don't know what that is after glow Seltopus and a scary dial a scary now. Wow. I don't think that's how you say it, but I'm going for it Okay, come on. Let's do this Give us the chaos and we're dragging book of moon numeron network. There we go That is one of the best secret rears in the set and things like $12 or $13 There's a good poll finally Book of moon Okay, we're running out of sleeves over here All right, we've got what three six not we got 12 packs left. So we still got a lot of chances. Here we go chaos emperor dragon utopia 10k dragon. Here we go super all-in. Oh I ruined it a scary now Whatever however you say that guy's name Here we go. Let's do this Give us the luck guys Black whirlwind book of moon again. Oh, it keeps doing that darkness metal. Okay. That's a good card. We got book of moon. Oh Whoops And we got another darkness metal the dragon of dark steel Not a bad pull at all. Definitely not a bad pull x-pack Artifacts sanctum nice ultra rare. There we go chaos Nios Appliancer galaxy worm chaos Chaos number 92 or number. Yeah, yeah, whatever, you know Tell me how to say that in the comments guys chaos number 92 I think it's like say that is literally like our sixth one I'm about to look if we pull another one. I'm looking how many we've pulled we get an artifact sanctum though So it's not a bad pack secure gardener and danger jackalote not a bad secret rare to pull Okay, we're down the last few packs. Can we pull something big and make this epic? Can we pull a last-pack chaos number dragon like in the IOC video the other day check that video out up there We got invoked Elysium dragon buster penguin torpedo Quacky mirror Drago and dark spell regeneration secret rare Come on. Give us the luck guys. Can there be a Crazy card in a random blister pack Here we go Shining third wing man number two and number Chaos number one Son, yeah, this card absolutely tanked it went from ten dollars to like 75 cents to a dollar, which is insane absolutely insane It was like ten bucks the first video or it was supposed to be okay Here we go steam sink run Ross disciple appliances and numeron network secret rare another one. I of course I banged it up I think it's fine. I banged it up against the side of the card Epic another one of these solid twelve thirteen dollar cards. That's nice get us some of our value back Okay, can we pull something even more epic if you down the last five packs guys? Here we go Black whirlwind bush warrior number four dark spell regeneration secret rare Okay Here we go. I have a good feeling about these last four packs. Can we pull some fire? Can we pull something absolutely insane? Here we go Laundry dragon galaxy worm invoked Caliga high rate draw. We're pulling all the trap secrets. Okay. That's fine. That's fine. We're saving it for the last few packs We're going to do even more exciting right right. Yeah there we go dragon buster plancer, sunlight wolf and fossil dragon skull guard Down to the last two packs. Come on. We need the chick a lot days to save us Here we go Chaos Nios number three fireflint lady. Okay plancer and Sonja so it not a horrible pack even though the card did crash so another fireflint lady and another Sonja Definitely a decent pack. All right final pack of destiny We need the power Come on guys. Give us a look On the last pack. Here you go. Go your defender artifact sanctum. Nice last pack already Okay, plancer invoked and Glacial beast iceberg narwhal so no Prismatic, let's go over what we did get. I just run through what we got got artifact sanctum Sonja fireflint lady Let's try and go over how many we got of everything Got a two numeral networks, I think two Sun Nias. We got a danger jackalope. We got two artifact sanctums We got two of that guy Book of moons don't really matter. Just have them We got three book of moons. We got a bunch of fireflint ladies. We got a cross sheep Utopia another fireflint lady dark armed number 39 and Another dark arms overall that's pretty good You got a play set of fire flints. We got a couple of numeral networks overall not a bad opening We didn't pull anything too crazy But let me know if you want to see more utopia search for the utopia openings and rise of the duelist is coming out this week So I should be opening a case either this weekend or Monday or something like that So hopefully it'll be this weekend and hopefully we can pull an epic prismatic card out of that set There is the epic DD crow and the new Gaia card, so it's gonna be pretty cool Hope you guys enjoy the video if you did make sure you guys like it and subscribe and I'll see you guys later Thanks for watching peace Oh It's a hero dark bright


Welcome to Nursing School Explained and this video on emergency and trauma assessment. Now when it comes to emergency and trauma assessment, we always have to make sure that we first of all triage the patient correctly and assign them an appropriate emergency severity index, but you can watch the details about that in my other video about triaging. Now here in the emergency and trauma assessment, really who's very good at this are our EMS, our first responders and paramedics. And when it comes to especially trauma assessment, a lot of acronyms are used. So this video is heavy in acronyms. And really all you have to do is remember the letters of the alphabet because we go from A through I and then we have some L through P as well here. And for emergency and trauma assessment, we always do the primary survey first and then move on to the secondary survey. So in the primary survey, we always start with our airway and C spine. So this is particularly important if this is a patient who was in some sort of a traumatic event, whether it was a motor vehicle crash or maybe a fall of a high building, anything where we suspected that could be a neck injury, we always have to make sure to stabilize their cervical neck because as we know the nerves from the C spine control the breathing. And if there was an injury that may be incomplete and we don't stabilize their C spine, we might cause more injuries and now the patient might be paralyzed. So C spine stabilization is always super important and most likely the patient will already arrive on a backboard with a neck brace on that the first responders have already applied. Now with this airway and C spine in the A category still, usually there are four categories and again this acronym AFPU applies. So this is a very brief assessment of the patient's neurologic status. Are they alert? Are they verbal? Do they respond to verbal stimuli? Do they respond to pain? Are they unresponsive? So depending on where they are alert of course being the least critical and then unresponsive being the most critical. And the most important part here is if we identify an abnormality within their airway, so maybe now the patient is unresponsive and they are unable to maintain an open airway then we have to intervene. The B anything else does not matter we have to intervene when we find an abnormality just like you're learning basic life support. Right? If the patient is not breathing so they are unable to maintain an open airway then we have to intervene. The B anything else does not matter we have to intervene when we find an abnormality just like you learn in basic life support. right? If the patient is now breathing, you give them rescue breaths before starting CPR or depending on the scenario. So keep that in mind here. Now under B for breathing, that refers to really the ventilation. So that would be the movement of the chest. We would assess the breathing rate, their pattern, the chest movement. Is it symmetrical? Is it asymmetrical? Is there any obvious trauma to the chest area? Again, if we find an abnormality here, so if we maybe find asymmetrical chest movement, maybe because of a hemo or pneumothorax, we have to intervene right here before even worrying about the circulation. Now C stands for circulation and control the bleeding and the way that we do this is we assess for central pulses and those are either the carotids or the femoral pulses because it might be difficult to obtain a peripheral pulse that serves a radial pulse. Typically if the patient's blood pressure is 80 or below, you might not be able to assess a radial pulse because it might be so weak. So we need to get more to the central circulation and assess the carotids and femoral pulses to see how they're doing in terms of their circulation. And as always with circulation, we want to look at the patient's overall skin, color, moisture, temperature, capillary refills. So those would be the things that fall into the circulation here. And of course if there is hemorrhage, if the patient had an injury to an artery and now blood is gushing out of them, we want to control the bleeding by applying manual pressure to that site. D stands for disability and that really entails their numerological evaluation including a Glasgow coma skill. So make sure that you're familiar with how to categorize the patient here as well as their pupillary assessment because now if this was a patient with a traumatic head injury, we might be able to see differences in the pupil dilation or responsiveness in general from one site to the other and then evaluate and go from there. E stands for exposure and environment. So exposure means that we have to expose the patient, so we have to cut off all their clothing to see what all injuries we're dealing with because we might not have seen their laceration on their forearm if we wouldn't get the clothing up. So exposure is very important and then environment, the environmental control. Trauma patients suffer greatly from hypothermia. So if the ambient room temperature is too cold, they typically have bad outcomes. So we need to make sure we keep the patient nice and warm, cover them with one blanket, maybe even bump up the temperature in the room to control the environment. So this ABCDE completes the primary survey. Once the primary survey has been completed and we have intervened any step of the way that we found an abnormality, then we move on to the secondary survey which goes from the letter F to I. So F, full set of vital signs. So we've already assessed the patient at the great length here. We haven't even taken a full set of vital signs. The circulation assessment here does not include assessment of heart rate and blood pressure. It's just to control obvious bleeding by assessing the central pulses and skin color. So F, full set of vital signs and then family presence. And that depends on where you work. If they allow or do not allow family presence during an exam like this because it can be very traumatic for the family. And then maybe they have an emotional outburst or maybe they faint and I have two patients to deal with. So depending on the situation and your policy, just make sure that you are aware of this. G stands for give comfort measures or get monitoring devices. And the get monitoring devices continues here in our LM and OP. So monitoring devices or really diagnostic studies would be any kind of lab studies that we at this point draw. Monitor is to put the patient on the cardiac monitor. NG or OG2 specifically so if the patient needed to be intubated up here because now we need to decompress their stomach and prevent aspiration. We need to put them on O2 if we haven't already done that. But if they're intubated we might need to monitor the entire CO2, the capnography. And then P is for pain control which kind of goes along with give comfort measures here. And we want to be very careful here because we know that narcotics, opioids, benzodiazepines might affect the patient's mental status. So depending on what we found up here in our primary survey in terms of their disability and maybe if there's a head injury we might not want to give them opioids that will decrease their level of consciousness. So we can detect any changes that might occur that are due to their injury rather than the narcotics that we provide for the patients. H stands for head to toe assessment and the patient's history. So head to toe assessment now again we started the head just like you're used to in your head to toe assessment. You start at the head, you look for any injuries, any bleeding, scratches, bruises, open fractures, lacerations, anything that you can find here. And again you're going this very methodical way from head to toe. And then history. So important things of the history are if this is a traumatic event, what kind of traumatic event was this. If this let's say was a motor vehicle collision, was the patient, was it a head-on collision? How fast were they driving? Did the airbags deploy? Did they wear a seat belt? How many other people were injured? What's the damage to the car? There's a lot of history that needs to come from the pre-hospital providers that are very important for us to know to determine the patient's extent of the injuries. And then for I is inspecting the posterior upper surfaces because remember that most likely the patient will be on a backboard and with a neck brace and if we do the head to toe survey, we've only looked at the front side. So now we need to make sure we get the team to log all the patients to their side while maintaining the C spine stabilization and look at their back because maybe they have an injury to their kidneys, maybe there's some bleeding, maybe there's an obvious deformity to their spine, maybe there's some stool incontinence that we haven't seen here. So it's very important to complete the assessment to also inspect the posterior surfaces. So this concludes the secondary survey. So really A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and then of course there will be frequent reassessments because the patient now might need to go for a CAT scan. We've already sent labs and probably get some basic x-rays that we can do at the bedside but now we need to accompany the patient to the CAT scan and then bring them back and reassess them if they were intubated, maybe reevaluate that chest x-ray for two placement, assess their breathing if we've placed them on a ventilator, maybe get some ABGs. So this is a continuous process that we need to make sure we care for these patients in the appropriate fashion and keep in mind that at any time if we detect an abnormality we have to intervene before we move on, particularly so in this primary survey. So thank you for watching this video here on Nursing School Explained about Emergency and Trauma Assessment. I hope that has helped you clarify how we methodically go about assessing a patient that is critically ill and how to use these acronyms that you really just have to memorize and then go buy them in this methodical way so that you care for each patient safely and that they get the best outcome that they can. Thanks for watching Nursing School Explained. See you soon.


This is my second live talk since 2019, so it's really actually quite pleasant to have to drive somewhere even through the Canadian border, which was actually very nice this morning, to be here and give you a chance to talk. I am cognizant of the fact that I am between you and a coffee break and some demo sessions that are out there, so hopefully this will be a little bit entertaining. I'm not quite up to live demo status yet. I'm working towards that in another week or two. You'll be doing live demos, but I'm getting back on my feet as it were in the public stage, so that's nice. I wanted to start with a little bit about where Kubernetes started and where it is today, and I think that one of the things that it started with actually was deployment and continuous delivery, and what really motivated me when we were starting out a long time ago at this point was the fact that I was trying to put together these reliable deployments, and they worked, and we were using the DevOps tools at the time, a mixture of Puppet and Chef and Salt and Ansible and Bash, obviously, and it worked, I would say, about 85% of the time, and then you'd massaged it and everything else, and it eventually would work maybe 95% of the time, and so Kubernetes started effectively out of this idea of deployment, and the fact that it was too hard, too unreliable to get to a place where you could actually deploy things successfully. I think it was combined with a lot of interesting things that Docker was doing in the container revolution around hermetically sealing and packaging up of an application that is a necessary prerequisite to thinking about how you then deploy it, and I think what's amazing that's happened over the last decade is that it's actually become the way that we do things. It's moved from an idea that I might be talking about here to something that is just the way that it works, and it's just the expected way that it works, and admittedly, everybody's sort of at different varying stages of their evolution towards containers, but I don't think that it's something that I need to go on at length about why we should be doing that, and I think what's nice now is that we're actually, with things like GitOps, we're starting to actually take another crack at the process of deployment, not just the thing that leads into the deployment that Kubernetes orchestrates, effectively how do I get my configurations from source control all the way through and out into the world, into a place where Kubernetes can do something with it. So I'm going to step through a little bit about what was motivating us at the time, and then hopefully we'll tie that back to what I think GitOps is doing today, and why I think it's an important piece of the toolkit when we're talking about reliable delivery. One of the most important things that we talked about was declarative, and I think at this point hopefully declarative configuration is not something that is controversial to anybody, but honestly at the time it was. There was a lot of scripting that happened out there. There was a lot of programs that ran to do various things, and honestly when you look at sort of a CICD pipeline, it kind of actually is a pretty imperative thing at sometimes, even if it's been described in YAML, it's a workflow diagram that's effectively executing a program. One of the things that I think is nice about some of the move sorts GitOps is it really reinforces that declarative nature of Kubernetes from the GitGo. Another really important piece of what we were thinking about, at least what I was thinking about was how do we empower people to do more? How do we take away a bunch of the burdens that they were having to deal with on the day to day of whether it's unreliability or just thoughts that they had to figure out all of the list, I mean in honesty all the list of the things that a junior software engineer needs to go through that was referenced in the earlier talks. Some of that is absolutely things that you need to learn, but a lot of it hopefully we can take away with the right kind of processes and the right kind of sort of analysis of what is confusing and what is hard for somebody to figure out. So that sort of sense of empowerment is another important piece and I'll hopefully tie that back to where GitOps is coming from. Another really interesting piece of this is automatic, right? And I think that one of the analogies that I like to say is then we talked about this at the time is that Kubernetes is sort of the autopilot for your system. And I think that the move towards GitOps and the move towards some of these models also helps things be a little bit more automatic which in turn makes it easier for everybody to not really have to think about what they're doing and simply have, you know, I set a thermostat, it doesn't really, I don't have to sort of constantly be thinking like do I heat it a little bit more? Do I cool it a little bit more? It just sort of takes care of it in the background. It takes what I want to be present in the world and it turns it into the reality that surrounds me. And then finally separation of concerns and I think this is an important piece of everything that we've done really in DevOps, in modern distributed software development, in Agile development, all of these pieces, I mean we've all been sort of like moving around this idea that we're better off if we separate our teams out into relatively small groups, relatively focused on specific things and have really clean lines of separation so that I can sort of know where my world stops and where your world starts. There's this great Robert Frost quote that from one of his poems that good fences make good neighbors and I think it's really true in the systems that we build, it's very, very helpful to have a concrete understanding of sort of where my zone of control is, where someone else's zone of control is and it's not about like, you know, keeping people out necessarily, it's really about understanding responsibility and the ability to actually let go and say, yeah, I'm gonna care, you know, what happens in my space but I may not care quite as much about what happens in their space as long as that divider line, that contract that I have with their neighboring services or with anyone else, as long as that contract is being upheld. And I'm gonna start with that into the real meat of what we're talking about when we're talking about GitHub's by branching into something that was sort of referred to earlier in the previous talk around the fact that actually in modern software development and in modern application deployment, there's a bunch of different personas that are coming in, right? I think this is not something that, this is something that I didn't really appreciate honestly when I started in the industry and even honestly at some level when I started, when we started working on the Kubernetes project, even you're a developer, you kind of like, I don't know, I will say that you take on a little bit of a mono focused view of the world that like I build programs and I deploy programs and I guess there's other stuff that happens somewhere else, but except for when they bother me, I don't really think about it too much. And as you talk more and more to people who are building and deploying software, you actually realize that there are a whole bunch of these personas that come in and I've got three of them up right here.  All of that stuff is one of these personas that comes in. The platform persona is one that I think is becoming a more thing that people are thinking about over the last two, three, four years. This idea of platform engineering is something that is becoming something that people are talking about where people have sort of said, hey, Kubernetes takes you to a certain level. It actually really doesn't help you become a better developer of distributed systems and for most of our developers, we're actually going to have to put another layer on top, call that a platform and actually really have a team that specializes in how do I build that platform. They're not really building applications. They're building sort of the framework that makes building applications easier and then of course, obviously there's developer personas, many different teams deploying many different applications. Now, the challenge of this is they all come together in the same cluster. I need to have intrusion detection software. I need to have monitoring and observability. I need to probably have storage systems or other kinds of platform level componentry where I don't necessarily want every single developer trying to decide which version of a no-SQL database that they should be deploying. And then finally, obviously I'm going to have my application teams. There's a lot of problems that come out of the fact that these multiple personas have to mix together on this cluster. The first is that obviously, if you have to have people deploying into these places, you have to figure out who's going to actually get access. Am I going to let my security team have control over every single cluster that exists in my company? That could be hundreds to even thousands of clusters in a large organization, and it's definitely a bit of a risk to have one group or one identity that has access to all of that infrastructure. Similarly, if I'm a developer, I don't necessarily want to provide access to the security team into that infrastructure, into my part of the applications because I don't want them messing around and accidentally deleting the serving application. They don't really know. The truth is that they don't necessarily, they're very focused on what they're doing. They don't necessarily know what's going on with my application. And similarly, for platform engineering, we need to have a ubiquitous platform all the way across for it to be effective. You need the same platform across the company.  And vice versa, the security team probably doesn't really want to have to go to every single development team. In fact, I know they don't because it's increasingly painful to do this sort of stuff. They don't want, when they need to roll out a new version of intrusion detection or they need to roll out a new version of their own software for logging, monitoring, and that sort of thing. They don't want to go to every single development team and say, hey, by the way, we really need you to update, and here's the new version. That's a recipe for a lot of meetings, a lot of delays. And in my experience, literally months of time spent trying to roll out a new version of a particular piece of software. And so I think GitOps really helps turn this into something that's feasible. And the reason that it turns into something that is feasible is because if you install something for GitOps, like in the Azure Kubernetes service, we use Flux, although Argo and there's other solutions as well. There's great solutions out there in the CNCF landscape. If you install a GitOps solution, suddenly it's no longer the case that each of these personas has to manage a cluster. It's now the case that each of these personas has to manage a Git repository. It's important to realize that actually you have flipped your access control a little bit, right? I don't think we necessarily think of version control system as being access control to a cluster. It is in the world of GitOps, and so you have to be definitely very careful. Two factor, always a good idea, definitely a good idea in this context. Similarly, using true identity providers, using the same identity provider that you're using for your documents and email and everything else. All of these things are important considerations that may not be a part of what went into your source control decision making. But once you do that, then you have effectively partitioned out your cluster. So you can have a namespace that's associated with the security team. You can have a namespace that's associated with an application team. You can have a namespace or multiple namespaces that are associated with platform teams. They each have individual access to the individual repository that happens to represent the state of the world for that particular area of the cluster. But actually, if you go all the way to the extreme, effectively nobody has to have standing access to do anything in the cluster. Because the GitOps agentry that's running inside the cluster itself knows how to talk to that Git repository, knows how to pull things down and make it happen, right? So this separation of concerns and specifically taking that one cluster and turning it into multiple clusters connected to repositories where the state of truth is stored, means that there's a lot of power for those multiple personas without worrying too much about having them step on each other's toes. I wanted to highlight another really valuable piece of this that I think GitOps manages for people, especially in the security context. There was a little bit of discussion in the previous talk around software security, bill of materials, all of this sort of stuff. This is an area that has become increasingly important to people over the last few years, very much so. And I wanted to really highlight that one of the value propositions of GitOps isn't just the Git to the cluster part. It's actually what you can do on the repository side also. And again, this is stuff that is possible with CICD. You can set up Jenkins and you can set up GitHub Actions and you can set up any number of traditional pipeline systems to take the output of a pull request merging into a Git repository, turn it into reality on your cluster. But I think there's just something about the fact that it is so automatic in the world of GitOps that makes it, at least I've personally found that it makes it significantly more powerful. So this up here is an example of a PR. This is connected to my own home cluster where I happen to be running a Prometheus and Grafana to monitor some internet of things, things that are happening in my house. And honestly, previous to using Dependabot, which sent me this PR, and GitOps for managing the deployment, I fell way behind. I was six months behind, eight months behind, nine months behind. These sort of stuff that I wasn't really developing, right? Whether it's this sidecar, which is responsible for paying attention to and downloading configuration maps to configure Prometheus, or whether it was Prometheus itself, it just didn't stay up to date. Just because you had to sort of figure it out and you had to do a manual change and you had to merge pull request. It's just not that it was hard, it's just annoying. And so this workflow single-handedly transformed me from being six to nine months out of date to being less than a week out of date. Because Dependabot scans my repository every night, figures out if there's new images that are available for the various components, sends me a PR. And then once every couple days, if I'm bored, if I'm backstage, wherever it happens to be, I flick up GitHub on my phone, go through a bunch of PRs, merge, merge, merge, merge, merge, and then I forget about it. And in the background, the GitOps agentry that's running on my cluster connects to this repository, sees the change, merges the PR, takes the new PR, deploys it to Kubernetes, new images pop up, and I'm up to date, right? And so literally the cognitive load of me staying up to date in my own home cluster is three minutes of my phone backstage. So this workflow, and again, I don't wanna be like, my gosh, it's brand new because you could have done this with CICD, certainly possible. But for whatever reason I found, because setting up a CICD system is its own sort of cognitive load, this inversion of like, I can just point it to Git repo, Dependabot can merge PRs into that Git repo, has made it ludicrously simple, and effectively inexcusable for me to not stay up to date. And I just totally over talked that slide, so we'll move on. I think the other piece that I think we really see a bunch of value with in the GitOps workflows is actually in enabling that developer persona. And this is sort of where the platform engineer and the developer intersect, which is that for a lot of developers, they really don't want to be thinking about the specific details of how they get their code deployed into Kubernetes. They wanna push, whether it's Java or Python or .NET or Rust or Go or whatever your favorite language is, they wanna push some code, get a container image build out the other side, and then have that deployed immediately, right? And again, I think that the value of the GitOps thing here is that it enables them to do this at scale, right? It enables them to say, actually, you don't have to necessarily worry about the fact that there's five clusters in our organization. You don't necessarily have to even be really aware of where those clusters are, because when you switch from a push model of pipelines to a pull model of GitOps, all of those clusters, the number of clusters that you have, it stops mattering quite as much, because you're really only dealing with the Git repository. If a new cluster comes into existence or an old cluster goes away, you don't even actually necessarily as a developer have to notice. The same workflows that push code to four clusters, will push code to five clusters without any reconfiguration on your part. And so I think, again, that world of being able to keep the same basic workflows without any changes, without any modifications to my repository, even as I perhaps go from early pre-prod to staging to production in my application lifespan, really reduces the cognitive load that a developer has to put into understanding where their code goes once it deploys. It can continue to focus on that Git repository as the sort of sole source of truth. And then of course the platform engineering team can really focus on the initialization of that Git repository as being the act that empowers their developer to effectively forget about that stuff. I wanted to riff off of that same idea to talk about snowflakes. It's possible that this whole idea of a snowflake has passed out of our collective consciousness. But when we started in 2010 or thereabouts, the notion of a snowflake was a deeply concerning idea to a lot of people. And the idea was that a lot of our servers were effectively snowflakes. They were beautiful, they were ornate, and they were entirely unique. And if they melted, it was impossible to reconstruct them. And so one of the big campaigns early on in containers, in Kubernetes and orchestration, was to say, we're getting rid of your snowflakes. And indeed we have. We've gotten rid of the container snowflake. And if you look at a Kubernetes cluster, all of the images, all of the machines within an Azure Kubernetes cluster or Google Kubernetes cluster, or anyone's Kubernetes cluster, wherever it happens to be, they're pretty much the same. The trouble is, if you take a step back and you zoom out, we've created snowflake clusters. So yes, OK, all the machines look the same, but now we have 20 machines that are unique from another 20 machines somewhere else. And so I think what is really critical now is that we take and we realize that maybe the natural state of the world is the tendency towards entropy. And we need to take another crack at solving the snowflake cluster problem. And indeed, GitOps, I think, is a really, really powerful way of doing this. It's a really great way of ensuring consistency, because as I mentioned before, the flip from a push model to a pull model means that GitOps at some level doesn't care about scale. It doesn't really care how many clusters you have, because within each cluster, you're configured to point to the same Git repository. And also, because if you make the initialization of that pull daemon of the piece of software inside the cluster that is talking to the Git repository, if you make that part of the creation of the cluster, whether it's the configuration of a cloud managed Kubernetes cluster, or simply the scripts that you use to instantiate that cluster wherever it happens to be, it becomes wholly automatic to not just create a cluster, but actually to initialize it with the right versions of all of the right software, whether it's intrusion detection, monitoring, or anything else you want to sort of land on that cluster in an initialized state. And then, of course, keeping it up to date is equally simple, where it's just a PR, just like what depended about earlier, it's a PR to ensure that all of the clusters in your fleet have the same configuration. And so I think there's a real value, not just in terms of separation of concerns, not just in terms of empowering our developers, but also in terms of the consistency across the platform that you can achieve, you're not going to accidentally forget to include a cluster in the pipeline that happens to deploy the new version of the security software. You're not going to have to tell the development team, hey, we're taking away that region, and we're adding in this new region over here. You'll end up with a consistent environment, however you want to be. Now, I've talked a lot about GitOps and a lot about Kubernetes, I think one of the more interesting trends that we're actually seeing is the GitOps is actually moving beyond just Kubernetes. And in particular, we're seeing this being a pattern that people are applying to public cloud resources in general. Through service operators, whether it's in the cross-plane project or the service operators that are associated with all of the different clouds at this point, people are seeing the Kubernetes control plane as a consistent global control plane for managing not just their containerized resources, but actually the instantiations of a Postgres database or a blob storage system or whatever else you need to do to have your complete application. Because as much as containers are awesome and Kubernetes is a lot of fun, there's a lot of really great services in artificial intelligence and everything else that are part of a cloud that you're going to integrate as part of your application. And we shouldn't silo GitOps as being just about managing the stuff that happens to be in your Kubernetes cluster. It can just as effectively manage the stuff that's in your cluster as well as the stuff that happens to be in the cloud. I wanted to close with the last piece of this, which is to say, I've hyped this thing for a while. You might be forgiven for thinking that I'm telling you that this is the only solution. And in fact, it's not, actually. And I'm reminded a great deal of my time as a roboticist. I spent a long time doing robotics. And there was always this handoff and this interplay between control and planning. A controller like a thermostat does a really great job of following a wall. You don't want to use, trust me, you don't want to use if-else statements to have a robot that follows along a wall. Use a control loop. But a control loop does a terrible job of exiting an auditorium. Because I have to maneuver, I have to say, well, I'm going to go here first, and then I'm going to go there, and then finally I'm going to get to my goal. Controllers have a tendency to head straight for the door and then bump into things. And I think this is a useful analogy for understanding the interplay between traditional pipeline systems and GitOps. GitOps is effectively a fire and forget control loop. Make this thing into reality as quickly as you can. That's really fantastic for all of the reasons that I mentioned before, but it's a terrible way to roll out your software around the world. If you want to roll your software around the world, you need to move slowly. You want to move to Canary. You want to move to a 15% experiment. You want to take some time, because if it breaks, you don't want to break everybody. And that's where a planner comes in place. And so really, I want to argue that when we think about pipelines and GitOps, it's not two things in dichotomy. It's not a fight, but rather it's two very complementary technologies, one that is very good at easily making the state real and one that is very good at orchestrating stages of what you want the world to look like. And so hopefully, that helps you both understand the value of GitOps in a container context, as well as the interplay between maybe some traditional CI systems and the new world of GitOps. Thank you so much, and see you around.


Hello and let's talk about our media. It does not take an expert to know that there's something very seriously wrong with our media. There's fake news, loudness, venom and anger, and often a complete unwillingness to challenge a question the government. There are many exceptions, of course, in the form of journalists who speak truth to power, often at a great cost to themselves. But as an ordinary Indian, you wouldn't be faulted if you said that the media ecosystem in the country, especially the TV media ecosystem, has been compromised. Now, this is an extremely dangerous impact on democracy and our lives. What happens when the media does not question the government enough on, say, COVID-19, which is a life and death issue? What happens when the media fans the flames of Communalism and Jingoism, even urging war? These are all questions we need to live with as Indians. But why is the media like this? We talked to journalists on India Chakravarthy on the economics of the Indian media. Thank you, Anindu, for joining us. So we've had a couple of interesting weeks over the past interesting weeks and interesting months as far as the media is concerned. People, of course, in a time of crisis, looking to the media for answers, looking to the media for questions, in fact. But we do seem to have a media, especially a television media, but also in print, which has not perhaps been as critical of the government as you would expect on multiple issues, although the volume has actually remained the same. So to maybe strike a different note this week, would you talk a bit about what exactly makes the Indian media of today what they are right now, especially in relation to the government? So I think nowadays a lot of people use the term Godi media, which I think was popularized by my friend Ravish Kumar that they're sitting on the Godi, a lap of the government or corporates. They're very scared. Or I mean, when you look at being critical or being aggressive, the Indian news media is pretty critical and very aggressive when it comes to the opposition. Opposition says anything they go hammer and tongs against. They're very critical of minorities. They're very critical of alternate politics, of alternate economics, and anyone who criticizes those in power. Indian media is almost like a watchdog against democracy, not for democracy. So the question is what makes Indian media what it is? And I would say there are broadly two things. One is, and they both stem from the same thing, which is the first is government, and the second is ratings, right? They're scared of the government, and number two, they're scared of losing ratings. And this is where, or readership, right? And this is where I think more, increasingly the television media has become more and more visible. More shared, videos are shared, small clips are shared, and although I would still believe that the influential news is still pushed by some newspapers and newspaper opinion is still more, still has more space amongst those with influence, those with power, newsmakers, but television makes a huge difference to mass opinion, to mass public discourse in general. And if one looks at it, one wonders why is this television media, which was so aggressive towards the end of UPA, right? Appeared to be robust, attacking the UP on every scam, commonwealth, 2G, coal, taking up the issue of, you know, pushing Anna Hazare, the anti-corruption movement. How did it overnight become a complete, you know, extension of the government's PR machinery? And I would say, as I said, two things, it all stands for one thing, lack of money, lack of revenue. Now, if I take a regular news channel, Prashant, a basic small Hindi news channel, it costs at least about 80 to 100 crore rupees to run that channel. Out of that, 30 to 50 crore, depending on how much a channel is willing to spend, and this annually, has to be spent on distribution, which is just to be able to reach a household, to be able to be seen on the TV set. Among them, cable networks have to be paid, carriage fees, you have to pay Durdarshan. The government of India has something called Freedish, which is very popular in rural India and small towns, and you have to pay a huge amount of money to renew a contract every year, to be put on the Freedish. DTH operators ask for money, so if you look at it, you need 30 to 50 crore. Until before you've shot a single frame of any news, then you have salaries, you have production costs, you have establishment costs, you have Surya... I mean, you know what the costs are, because you yourself are part of a news organization, like that, but here's the issue. Most news organizations spend very little on news gathering. If they're spending 100 crore every year, I don't think they spend more than 2 to 3 crore on actual news production, actual news gathering itself. And you would say that what is news gathering cost? Well, news gathering cost is sending reporters out to remote places to collect information, and that involves travel, that involves paying for a hotel closest to that village or small town, paying DA. You know, these are expenses, one has to cover. If you have to send a reporter now to the US to cover US elections, it's a huge expense. Many channels avoid it, right? And you want to send someone to Ladakh, it's a huge expense. You want to post someone in a small town for a long time, it's a huge expense, no one wants to carry it. So therefore it is amazing that if we even look at it as a product, as a business, the product itself, right, which is news, real expenditure or recurring strategies, excluding salaries is 2 to 3% of the total cost. So now if we look at it as to how much is being paid by viewers, right? If I take a newspaper, Times of India or in a Bharat Times or anything like that, anything or an Indian Express or Hindu, anywhere between three to eight rupees, you have to pay per day per copy, right? That works out to between 90 to 220, 240 odd rupees per month, per newspaper. But each newspaper costs to produce about 15, 16 rupees, each copy, right? So on each newspaper, between 50 to 80% discount is being given by the producer of that newspaper. So obviously they have to depend entirely for the revenues on advertisers because readers are not paying even 30, 40% of the total cost of that newspaper. So compare that to a news channel. Let's take something like an NDTV247, which is a paid channel. I think on an average per month, you have to pay three and a half rupees for it, right? And three and a half rupees is virtually nothing. If I take another channel where I used to work, NDTV India, right? The Hindi channel. On Tata Sky, you'll have to pay about one rupee 18 paisa per month for it, right?  But to get your news, you're not even willing to pay one rupee 18 paisa, which is why people often take what free channels and don't pay for a news channel, even one rupee 20 paisa in a month. So this is the first part. Subscribers do not pay when they probably can pay. They don't pay because they actually not privileging news. It's easy to say that all these news channels are terrible and look what they're showing. But if you're not willing to pay even 100 rupees for it, then what do you expect? Now let's come to the question of ratings, right? Obviously, ratings is important. Why is it important? Because as I said that 95 to 96% of our news channels revenues actually come from ratings. And without that, they will not stay afloat. Now look at what the problem is with ratings. If you look at it across the world, both in newspaper readership and in news channels, in newspaper readership tabloid press has many times the circulation of readership than serious newspapers. So things would say UFO landed on this man's garden, right? It's going to be read 10, 20 times more than a hard news story in a newspaper. That is across the world. This is not new. If we look at entertainment channels, let's just compare ratings of entertainment channels here Prashant. Look at Hindi entertainment. The number one channel last week was Star Utsav. And if I compare the number one Hindi news channel, which is Archda, which has a pan India reach. And I'm just going to look at what is called impressions, which is one part of the ratings process. Star Utsav has four and a half times the impressions in BAK, which is the Ratings Calculating Organization. Then Archda, the number four and a half times. If I compare English news channels to English movies, English movies have more viewership than English entertainment channels. Republic TV, which is the number one English news channel, I mean, it depends obviously if you want to call it news, but it's technically categorized as news. So Republic TV's impressions is one fifth of that of Star movies, one fifth. So an English news channel gets one fifth or 20% of the impressions that a movie channel gets. So what is the temptation? The temptation is going to be how do I get ratings? The best way to get ratings is to essentially make it entertainment, to make it sensational, salacious, things that people will watch. And again, I don't blame viewers because you know what happens is that you come home, you worked hard and someone tells you that farmers are dying, you're going to feel bad, you're going to watch it for 30 seconds and then you're going to switch to a channel which is like Sushant Singh Rajput was killed, right? We want an answer. Pakistan needs to be bombed, we have shown China and two people are shouting at each other, abusing each other. That is entertaining, that is entertaining to a lot of people. It is part of the overall system of gossip and chat that you would have after dinner. So that is the temptation, that is the extension of, and that is why the media is where it is in terms of ratings. Of course, then there comes to the question why is it so pro-government? Because without doubt, governments have huge power. It depends on whether they can exercise it. If it's a powerful government like we have right now, then it can very easily get advertisers to stop advertising on a channel. It can stop your distribution, it can tell cable operators to switch off your channel every now and then. It can put on fake IT rates, it can put false cases on you. It can threaten, advertisers start feeling that should we advertise on this channel which questions the government on server because we might get in trouble. So these are very easy ways to actually control, control the media if the government wants to because our laws actually enable the government. The cable and satellite laws enable the government to do that. Therefore, if there's a strong government, media channels, media networks are always going to be scared. Finally, there is of course the issue of who owns these networks. Given that networks are increasingly being owned by big business or entities which have other businesses as well, then you understand that their main aim is to make money. And to make money, they don't want to be on the wrong side.  If you own several newspapers but you also sell cement or you have a power company and media is only one part of your business, what are you gonna use it for? Big business or business actually wants the media to be used as a lobbying agency. So they're not going to really spend money on the news or journalists. So it is not really a question of the government controlling media and media doing this. It is essentially a catch-22 situation where lack of money forces media companies to do it and then they sell out to big business. Right, absolutely. And would you differentiate particularly between say the media in India and those in other countries? Of course, we have the Fox News Network of course in the US, we've had the Murdoch Empire, which is what do you call it, specialized in some of the trends you were talking about. Not only are there any characteristics that will be in their specifics so to speak because it does also look like the sheer number of channels moving rightwards is quite unprecedented. I think it's the difference essentially probably is in the checks and balances available. Now, Fox News of course tapped again, ultimately it's an issue of ratings across the world. If you do not get viewers, you're not going to follow a trend. So Fox News very clearly wanted to get into that Bible belt, a bit of redneck, the angst against the liberals and the Wall Street against big government and it tapped into that and the entire Fox News experiment was based on that. Of course, it's very clever now how the entire thing is now blamed on the president of Fox News and Murdoch claims that he was running, you know, they couldn't control him. But there's a new mythology being made because he's dead but that was part of the process of tapping into system. And of course, there was a captive right wing viewership which Fox tapped into CNN could not do that. And Fox also invented these things by which you could, so therefore I think Indian channels are essentially modeled on Fox. It is most Indian channels are modeled on Fox. Fox brought in the idea of chat of, so the US has something called talk radio which is extremely opinionated, often right wing and a lot of Fox anchors like Sean Hannity actually come from the talk radio space. They got Rush Limbaugh in, who was an advisor to I think Reagan, Nixon, various Republicans. And so the entire system actually is modeled on Fox across the world. In Europe on the other hand, especially in England where there is a significant amount of public funded television, there is some kind of a central centrist position. I know the BBC did take a very objectionable, I would say stance vis-a-vis the Labour Party. And when it push comes to shove, they do move to the right, but there is a bit of a, they stay right off center rather than being this extreme right. And that is because it is publicly funded and it does not have to really worry about ratings. The moment you have to worry about ratings, then news cannot be news. It's very simple because, as one says that, I think I was reading somewhere, pornographic websites has much more traffic than any other website put together. So people watch it, they don't admit they watch it. So I'm saying that this, the question is often important things, and news is one of the things that important things don't have that many takers, but it has to be funded. And the public needs to fund it in some way or the other. Otherwise it's not going to exist. And otherwise you cannot expect media to be in any way working as a bulwark of even Bush or democracy. By that I mean even representing different interests within the frame of a capitalist system. Because if capitalists completely take it over, it is almost as if they are manning the system directly. So that is, it's an extreme form where we exist right now. Of course, I don't believe that the media is ever democratic in that sense. After all, if you look at it, Norm Chomsky, I think wrote manufacturing of consent, sometimes in the 80s, early 80s. So it's now what, almost 40 years since then. So this is nothing new. And finally if you, I would suggest that our viewers go to a website called fair.org. I'm sure Prashant you're aware of it. Fairness in, I think I've forgotten what I stands for, fairness in something and reporting. I think it's fair.org. It documents all the way in which consent was created by the American media. It's worth going to and seeing and it's an eye-opener of sorts. In the way in which media across the way world has batted for the powerful across the years. But in India, it's an extreme situation right now. Absolutely extreme. And only viewers can stop it from happening. Thank you so much Arindy for talking to us. Thank you Prashant. That's all we have time for today. We'll be back on Monday with major news developments from the country. Until then, keep watching NewsClick.


Hi everyone, Joe for JasperJasperysCaseBreaks.com coming at you with 2022 Panini Mosaic Football, Pack Break number 13. At the end of the break, we're going to re-randomize everybody's names. Top 10 will get spots in that element football break. Big thanks to this group for making it happen, appreciate it. There are the teams right there. Let's do the break first. Different dice roll for the giveaway at the end. Two and a two for the hard way, one, two, three, and four. Two and a two for the hard way for the teams, one, two, three, and four. All right, there's the first half of the list right there, and the second half right over here. No trade windows, and let's alphabetize by team, let's print in. Got a Derek Henry to 99, and that'll go to Scott and the Titans. Nothing too crazy here, but let's see what's in the list. Let's see who gets into elements. Let's gather everybody's names again, one through 32. New dice, new list, and let's roll it and randomize it four and a four. Eight the hard way, and we'll match up with the team. So top 10 after eight, good luck, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, and eight. So from 11 on down, 11 through 32, sad times. Scott has a lot of spots. Hopefully his name is up there somewhere. Brian is in. Scott, there you go. Matt, Eric, Scott, Scott, Eric, Scott, Brian, and Matt. So congrats to the top 10 here. After eight, excuse me, I have to sneeze here. Thank you. All right, so here's how it shakes out. After eight, Matt with Atlanta, Brian with Washington, Scott with Tennessee, Eric with Green Bay, Scott with New Orleans, and San Francisco, Eric with Baltimore, Matt with Houston, Scott with Carolina, and Brian with Jacksonville. We'll see you in the next video for the break, jaspyscasebreaks.com.