Ready, shall we? Yeah. Father, we thank You for Your presence. We thank You for Your faithfulness, Your kindness. Holy Spirit, we thank You for Your presence that is here with us. Lord, thank You that Your Word says we are two or three. I gather that You are in the midst and we believe that You are here. We believe that You are with everyone who is joining us online. We honor Your presence. We never want to take You for granted.  And so, Holy Spirit, I pray that You will continue to teach us and minister to us as we learn from Your Word. In Jesus' name, I pray, amen. Amen. So what I wanted to share with us is just something that's outside of the syllabus, as in it's not in your course. I'm sharing the screen for those online as well. I'll share this PDF with you as well. Right. So, okay. I hope you all can see the screen for those online. Great. That's awesome. Okay. So I wanted to just teach a little bit on worship and warfare. Because in the last class we learned about from Second Chronicles chapter 20. Yes. Do you remember that chapter? Anything from that chapter that you still remember you want to share? What do you remember from Second Chronicles chapter 20 that you can share? Yeah, you can be a little bit more loud or with those online in the chat section. Yeah. Anything. Just one point at least or even two points. What do you remember from the last class, Second Chronicles? Second Chronicles, yeah. Is it in the Bible? Yeah. Yes. Right. So the whole country was fasting. What's the name of the king? Jehoshaphat. Ah, yeah, Jehoshaphat. Yeah. Fast and pre, walk and faith with God's guidance into fight against. Yeah. Okay. What else? Anything else that kind of stood out for you? Thank you, pardon. They fought against each other. Yeah. The countries that came to attack Judah, they fought against each other, killed themselves. And they did. Judah did not have to fight even. Yes. Anything else? Sorry. Acts. Acts chapter 16. That's another thing that we learned. Paul and Silas. Yeah. Paul and Silas. Anything from their life that kind of stood out. Yeah. In a very hopeless situation, they lifted our praise and worship. A couple of things that stood out that we mentioned was that when you praise, your praise will not only set you free, it can set other people around you free as well. Isn't it? That's one of the things that we learned. We looked at. So I wanted to just continue a little bit. This is not there in your notes. So, but I'll share this PDF with you anyways, but I just wanted to dwell on this topic of praise and warfare. Okay. Now, just like how Judah, you know, and Jehoshaphat, they were involved in warfare. Right. And they used praise, you know, for the victory. And so I thought I'd share a little bit and we'll see where we can go from there. Okay. So as worshippers, right, as Christians, as prayer warriors, we are the frontline of an army. Okay. We are in the frontline. If you call yourself a worshipper, that means you are in the frontline of an army. What does that mean? That means you're in the frontline. That's what it is. Okay. The frontline. What is the dictionary? No. You're right in the front. That's what it is. Okay. So, so as worshippers, we are in the frontline of, of the army. That means it is very easy for you to be attacked. Right. There is no hiding. You can't hide behind another person because you are right in the front.  So as worshippers, you will encounter resistance. Okay. That's the first point. Okay. What is resistance is you're going to advance. You're trying to go forward, but the enemy is going to try and push you. You understood. Yep. Okay. So Joseph, just come here quickly, Joseph. Joseph, just come. Okay. So we all have to try and understand resistance. Everybody say resistance. Okay. I'm the good guy. He's the bad guy because I'm wearing kind of white shirt. He's wearing blacks. Joseph is a very good guy. So, so in this case, he's the enemy. So I'm going to try and advance. Right. Okay. I'm going into the promise land. You're trying to stop me. Okay. You're stopping. Sure. No. Are you stopping? You say, okay, stop. It's a traffic police. Okay.  You're trying. Okay. So. Okay. So. It's so nice. Okay. Just come and say hi to everybody online. This is Joseph, by the way. The camera is there. Okay. Thank you. Okay. So the thing about it, the, the point about a Christian life. Okay. Is you are born into warfare like it or not. We are born into warfare. There is an enemy. John chapter 10 verse 10. What does it say? Someone quick, quick. John 10, 10. What does it say? A thief comes to steal, kill and have a party with you. No. John chapter 10 verse 10. A very easy verse to remember. I have come so that you might have life. Jesus says. But the thief comes to steal. Everybody say steal. That is what chore know. Yeah. Chore bazar.  And destroy. So here's the thing. There is an enemy that just doesn't want to steal your joy. He just doesn't want to steal your happiness or your peace. He wants to steal all of that from you. Like Rob has anyone been robbed before? You have your phone. Your phone was robbed. No. Okay. Anybody else been robbed? Okay. Something. No. Okay. I have not. Thankfully. But it's not a nice feeling, isn't it? Right. When someone has stolen something from you, it is not a nice feeling. Isn't it?    All of that. So the enemy whom we call a Satan, the devil, he just doesn't steal your happiness. He just doesn't steal your peace.   It doesn't end there. You think, okay, after killing, what more is there? But he wants to destroy.  He wants to make you look like, okay, there was no person called Joseph existed.  Are you with me? Right. So this enemy, the devil that we are talking about is, the Bible says he entered Judas and Judas killed himself. Right. Now again, I'm not trying to put the devil in a pedestal. It's like, oh, let's worship the devil. No. The whole point of this chapter that we want to look at is to get to know our enemy a little better. Okay. If you're going into warfare, you need to know who you're fighting. No. Yes or no? If you're going into fight, you don't even know who your enemy is. What's the point? Yeah. So we kind of begin there is as worshipers, we will encounter resistance.  You will find enemies. Are you with me? So one of the points here, why will you find resistance? Because the devil wants your worship. Matthew chapter four was eight and 10. He's encountering Jesus. Right. He's telling Jesus, Jesus, if you're really the son of God, if the important word there is if, if you're really the son of God, throw yourself off the cliff. For it is written in the word that the most high God will send his angels to guard you. The devil knows the Bible. You can be in Bible college for 100 years and he will still know better than you. Right. You must be hungry. No. So if you're the son of God, turn these stones into bread.  And then the devil says, I will give you all of this. Just bow down and worship me. The devil, he wants to steal.   All of that because he wants your worship. Are you with me? He wants your worship. I've said this before. The devil understands the power of your praise and of your worship. Only you don't understand the power of your praise and worship. Nothing. Nothing is going. Right. So why we encounter resistance? The devil wants a worship because true worship reveals the Lordship of Jesus Christ and brings release of his presence and power here on earth. The enemy wants to be enthroned. He doesn't want to be dethroned. You will, as worshipers, you will encounter resistance because true worship. Everybody say true worship. Okay. John chapter 4 verse 22 onwards. It says, the father seeks, the father seeks, the father seeks doctors, engineers, architects. John chapter 4 verse 22 to 26. Very important. 24, 22 to 24. The father seeks. That means he is searching. He is seeking not just worshipers. He is seeking true worshipers. Yep. One more time to say true worshipers. Thank you. So if there are true worshipers, that means there are false worshipers. Okay. So true worship reveals the Lordship of Jesus. Okay. I'm sorry I'm making you do this, but say the word reveal. Everybody say the word reveal. Okay. So we get the word revelation from the word reveal. Okay. So let's say, for example, you take a scarf. Right.  Yes. So when you open the scarf, what are you doing?  That means unveiling. Right. So you get the word reveal, revelation from the word unveil. Right. The veil is being opened or the veil is being torn in the temple, isn't it? And so true worship reveals, there's an unveiling of the Lordship of Jesus that a true worship brings. And that's why the devil doesn't like that. And so you're going to face resistance. And finally, because praise and worship are effective weapons of warfare. All these chapters you can read when you're free. We went through Second Chronicles 20. That just chapter seven was 20.  The story of Gideon Sunday School. Gideon and 300 men. Okay. Acts chapter 16. We went through Joshua chapter six was 20 is classic. All right. So you go through all of the praise and worship is effective weapons of warfare. Okay. Second Corinthians chapter 10 verse four, it says the weapons of our warfare are not physical. That means they're not weapons of flesh and blood. Our weapons are divinely powerful for the destruction of fortress. Okay. The weapons of our warfare. You're going into warfare. You need weapons. No. Yeah. You're not just going swinging your hands. It's like, hey, let's take a selfie. No. So if you're going into warfare, you need weapons. But the Bible says that the warfare that you and I are involved in. Okay. The weapons are not physical. That means it's not, it's not man made. Right. Weapons are divinely powerful for the destruction of the fortress. So knowing why do, why do not many Christians not engage in spiritual warfare? Why we don't engage like we know that the devil is dangerous. Why don't we engage in spiritual warfare? Most of us hold back on engaging the enemy because of ignorance. Okay. Ignorance is what? It's okay. He is there one side. I am there. Why should I go bother him? Leave him. That is what called ignorance. And the other thing is lack of spiritual revelation or knowledge because we don't know enough. We don't engage in warfare. Let me say this one more time. Okay. I can't stress enough on this. You and I, we are born into warfare. There is a war that is going over your soul. There is a war that is being fought over your soul. The devil wants your soul in your natural eyes. You can't see anything. That's why we call this the spiritual warfare.  He hates your family. He hates the generation that will come out of you.  This is the devil that we're talking about. We cannot ignore and be quiet.  Are you with me? Yes. This is serious business guys. Okay. So we learn what we will learn today. We will learn a little bit about our enemy. We will learn the authority that we have, the attitude in how we should conduct warfare and the weapons. Okay. So we learn a little bit about our enemy. Now, this is, again, not for us to be amazed by our enemy. All right. It's just for us to understand who our enemy is. The first thing the Bible says is that our enemy is, he is invisible. Okay. What does invisible means? Well, you can't see with your physical eyes, right? With your natural eyes. So what does the scripture say? For our struggle is not, Ephesians chapter 6 verse 12. Okay. I hope people at the back can see the scriptures. It's Ephesians chapter 6 verse 12. It says, For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, contending only with physical opponents, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world forces of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness in the heavenly places.  Are you with me? Because he is invisible, the devil nowhere, he's going to come and say, I am the devil, worship me. With two horns. He's never going to do that, isn't it? Bible actually calls him, he will come as the angel of light. That means he will come, not in the way that you expect him to come. He will come like something nice. Full flowers. So, the first thing what we learn about our enemy is that he is invisible. Just because he is invisible, don't take him lightly. Don't underestimate him. Right? The Bible again says that he is walking around like a, like a roaring lion. He's waiting to pounce on you. You make one mistake, he will devour you. He will steal, kill, destroy. Only bones. But also he will take them off. Right? The second thing we, the scripture says about the enemy is that he is the ruler of the kingdom of the air. Okay? Efficiency chapter 2 verse 2.  Okay? You were following the ways of this world, influenced by the present age. In accordance with the prince of the power of the air. The spirit who is now at work in the disobedient. The unbelieving who fight against the purposes of God. So, kingdom of the air simply means that is beyond the physical realm. Okay? It's beyond the physical realm. Now again, we can go into details about it or you might learn more about it in demonology. And all of that. So, the second thing what we have to know is that he is the ruler of the kingdom of the air. So, first point was that he is invisible. He is the ruler of the kingdom of the air.  We saw John 1010 already. Right? He's a thief.  So, that is our enemy. What's the three things that we can learn about our enemy? One, he is. He is invisible. Second thing, he is in charge. He has authority of the unseen realm, the immediate realm. Right?  Okay? So, that's our enemy. But thankfully, the Bible says that we are more than conquerors. We are more than conquerors. We don't have to be afraid of him. So, we learn... Second thing, what we learn is what the scriptures have to say about our authority. Let's look at... There it is. I'm just going to go to Luke chapter 10 verse 19 and read it for us. Luke chapter 10. Luke chapter 10 verse 19. It says, behold, I have given you authority to tread on serpents and scorpions over all the powers of the enemy and nothing shall hurt you. I have given you authority. This is Jesus telling. Let's go to Colossians chapter 2 verse 15. Colossians chapter 2 verse 15. Can we read Colossians chapter 2? 13, 14 and 15. Is everybody there? 13, 14 and 15, please. Colossians chapter 2 verse 13 onwards.  Verse 14. By cancelling the record of debt that stood against us. It means there was a record that was accusing us with its legal demands. This he set aside, nailing it to the cross. By nailing it to the cross, verse 15, it says, he disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame by triumphing over them in him. He disarmed the rulers and authorities. What does disarm means? Let's just say this is the bomb. The enemy had a bomb or weapon. He is armed. So Jesus said, give that to me. So he took the weapons that the enemy had. By Jesus dying on the cross, raising again from the dead, he disarmed the enemy. That means enemy has no power over us. Are you with me? The enemy has no... Most of the times as Christians, we get defeated by the defeated enemy. It's very shameful. I'm not sure how many of you understood that, but the point here is that we have authority. Okay? Everybody say, I have authority. Really? I have authority. Come on, guys. I have authority. Come on. Okay. So we learned about our enemy. We learned that we have authority. And what about our attitude in this warfare? The scripture calls us or tells us you need to have an attitude of a warrior. Okay? The scripture is telling us you need to have an attitude of a warrior. Okay? Warriors are brave, isn't it? They are mighty men and women of valor. So that's what the judges said in Judges chapter 6 verse 12. What do you remember? God encounters Gideon. Yes or no? Okay? So Gideon is in the underground and he's thrashing some wheat.  Philistines keep attacking him.  Mighty man of valor.  Gideon's response must have been like, is there someone that I don't know? How am I a warrior? I'm thrashing wheat. But this is what God looks at you and says, we are more than conquerors because we are to have that attitude of warrior. Okay? So 2 Timothy chapter 1 verse 7. For God did not give us the spirit of timidity but a spirit of power and of love and of self-discipline. Okay? But a spirit of power. So we are called to have an attitude of a warrior and we are called to have an attitude of persistence. Persistence is not giving up.  Try again.  Try again.  Are you with me? Right? Micah chapter 7, it says, why do you rejoice over me, my enemy? Even though I fall, I will rise again. Even though I sit in darkness, the Lord is my light. Okay? So persistence.  Look at that.  It doesn't say that. Little by little, you keep persisting one nation at a time when over them. Okay? And finally, what are our weapons? Personal praise, corporate praise, instruments or shouting, music and praise, praise and worship. And the second weapon is God's word. So we have music, we have worship, we have the word of God as our weapon. Okay? In the scriptures that is mentioned, right? 1 Samuel 12, 2, 23, 4, 2 Samuel 5, 19, 5, 23. I mentioned David, inquired of the Lord. Okay? David asked God. He asked, okay, what should I do? He constantly asked, Lord, if I go now and attack them, will you, will I have victory? God said, go. Right? And David again asked, inquired of the Lord, if I go now, will I have victory? God said, go. But there was a time that comes, I think in 2 Samuel 5, it says, David asked and God said, don't go now. Go wait under the balsam trees. When you hear the sound of an army marching, go and attack them. Now, all the scriptures are there in the notes. Please read it when you can. So what did David do is, David as a king, he could have said, okay, last time I went, yesterday I went, I won the battle. Today also I will go do the same thing, overconfidence or arrogance. David did not have that. He constantly wanted to hear from God, the word of God. Are you with me? Right? So God's word is another weapon that we are encouraged to use in a battle against the enemy. Okay, so I'll just stop sharing that. I'll just leave the rest over there. Are you all with me? Yeah, you kind of understood what we're trying to do here. Okay. This is not a deep teaching in praise and worship. I'll praise in warfare, but just very briefly. Okay. And so I hope this kind of encourages you to engage in spiritual warfare. Don't be afraid of spiritual warfare. Like it or not, you are already in the warfare. You might as well fight. Okay.  Don't live as a passive Christian. Okay. Understand that there is power in your praise and in your worship. Okay. Now we'll look at your notes. So we look at a few ways on how you can express worship. Where is that? We are in page number 17 in your PDF. In your notes, I don't know which page number. But we are still in chapter four. Yeah, chapter four. Okay, everybody online.  Okay. Cool. Thank you. Okay. So here are some of the scriptural expressions of praise. We've gone through this list already, you know, in the previous chapters, but let's go through that. One of the ways you express praise is singing. Okay. There are enough scriptures that talks about singing. We've looked at shouting. What's the Hebrew word for shout? What's the Hebrew word for shout? Oh, let me turn the book and see what it is. I forgot. Yes. Hello. What do you think T? It's biblical. Okay. So one of the ways you, some of the ways that you can express praise is you sing. Now again, you know, there's a quote that says, as a Christian, the question is not if you can sing. The question is, does your heart have a song? Okay. The Bible says, he's put a new song in my mouth and a hymn of praise to our God. So the question that you need to ask yourself is, don't ask yourself, can I sing? Oh, I can't sing. The question is, does your heart have a song? Okay. If you're saved, if you've been redeemed, your heart will have a song. So singing, there's shouting. Okay. Shout does not have a specific word. You just shout, scream. Okay. Some hundred says, shout for joy all the earth. Okay. Clapping of hands. This is one of the offerings that does not cost us anything. Cheapest offering. Clap offering. But also we will not give properly. Let's all clap our hands and welcome the prayer. Softly, no strength, no power, nothing, no excitement. Okay. Come on. I think it's clapping of hands we can do properly. Right. So that's another way of expressing praise. Lifting of our hands. What's the Hebrew word for that? What's the Hebrew word for prayer? Lifting of our hands. What are you talking about? All right, guys, come on. You have to remember that. Okay. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. It's simple. Not Torah. Who said Torah? Torah. Okay. So what's the difference between Yadah and Torah? Someone. Both is lifting of the hands. But what's the difference between Yadah and Torah? Dan. Dan. I think something's here. There is someone online. Anyone want to say what's the difference between Yadah and Torah? Torah is more specific. Isn't it? It's more intentional. You are giving thanks for a breakthrough or a victory. You have not yet received it. Okay. So that's what Torah is. Okay. So another way of expressing. Oops. Your praise is lifting of our hands. Another way is playing off musical instruments. Standing. Just by standing, you express praise. Singing in the spirit. Singing in tongues. Dancing. Okay. How many of you like to dance? Good. Dancing is biblical. Very good. Okay. Kneeling, bowing, prostration. Okay. So you see this in this page. There are only nine expressions of praise. Okay. But the list doesn't stop there. It doesn't say, okay, this is how you should praise. This is all you can use. No, you can express your praise if you can paint. By painting, you express your praise. By doing anything that will honor God is an expression of praise. Are you with me? So the expression of praise is not limited to only these nine things, which is standing, clapping, lifting off our hands and everything. No. It's so much more than that. Okay. Yeah. Any questions? Of course. Okay. All right. So that's all I wanted to share for today. Not very content heavy. I'll share the PDF for praise and warfare with you all. Go through that. Okay. And we'll stop the class here for today. I will continue on Thursday. All right. Thank you all for joining in. God bless you. Have a good one. Cheers. Take care.


I just wanted to read one, a scene, you know, as I explained before, reading from novels I find difficult because this is a trilogy and I could spend an hour setting up the scene and, you know, buoy at its ears with just the background. But it involves two people who, one is Finn Dunn who's in all three books, he's the protagonist. He can get out of grammar school, he became a cop after World War I and then he was in the OSS in World War II. And he was on a mission in Slovakia with a Harvard graduate who was everything that Dunn wasn't and they had nothing in common except that they had to save each other's lives and they became very good friends. Dunn went back to his regular life at the end of the war as a detective and Van Hall stayed in the intelligence service. And along with the Red Scare in the 50s was the Lavender Scare where they hunted out gays to get them out of the intelligence services.  It's in New York in 1958, 13 years after this mission to Slovakia. And there's a portrait on the wall above Van Hall's bed and it's of his lover Michael Hahn who was a lieutenant and died in the war. So those are the characters that are going to be mentioned in here. There's another mention of Victor which is all the OSS agents carried the lethal pill, LP, that they'd buy if they were captured by the Germans. So when you hear Victor mention that's who it is. And the other thing is that there's a German Bible involved in this which I won't tell you what it involves because then you won't buy the book and you'll know the secret to dry bones. So I'll just take, you know, let's go to New York, 1958, the Upper East Side and Dunn is taking Van Hall home. Van Hall's apartment was on the fourth floor of a five-story walkup. The marble steps were worn and veined with cracks. Dunn fished the key out of Van Hall's pants pocket, turned on the lock and flicked on the light switch. Above the single room atop a thin one rug was a leather easy chair, a stack of books beside it, standing lamp behind. Two walls were lined with shelves sagging from the weight of the books crammed in them. In the right far corner was a sink, small refrigerator, cabinet and two burners stove. Next to the single window, bed, unmade and small desk. Above was a framed oil painting of a handsome, youthful, blond, wavy-haired man. There was lieutenant bars on the lapels of his uniform. Shuffling his feet as he worked to keep his balance, Van Hall saluted the painting. There was only one lieutenant, Michael Jan, in the whole world. Only one. That's the problem. He staggered toward the cabinet. How about a nightcap? Dunn caught him before he fell. He guided him to the easy chair. The nights already capped. That's why I quit and went home thin because of Michael. I don't care about my reputation unless about my old man's. When he heard that I might be accused of, he sent a letter advising me to do the honorable thing and shoot myself. Nothing like a father's love is there. What I cared about was Michael. I couldn't let them sink his name in the slime and Maya, so I resigned. How about you get into bed? You know what George Elwell said about drugs like me? What? We drink because we failed and we fail all the more because we drink. But you didn't fail. You're kind, Finn, but look around. Your kindness is contradicted by these surroundings. I can't imagine what my father would say about them and what they say about me. Come on, Dick, bedtime. This is fine. Van Hall wiggled out of his jacket and unknoted his tie, leaned over and plucked at his shoelaces. But at least I didn't deny my failure or pretend that my failure is success. Sit up, Dunn said. Raise your legs. He quickly undid the laces and pulled off the shoes. The rising banshee shriek of a siren flooded the room. It peaked and receded as a fire engine surged the street below. That's the difference between Bartlett and his ilk and drunks like me. At bottom, the Bartlett's of this world are nothing more than word who was. They take fine phrases like free world and liberty loving and prostitute them into excuses for self-promotion.  It's interchangeable with untruth, so long as it serves their purposes. And Van Hall burped. You need to go to sleep. I need Pepto-Bismol. The bottle is in the medicine cabinet of the bathroom, if you don't mind fetching it. Sure, Dunn said, and then lights out. Dunn switched on the light in the closet-sized bathroom. A roach scamped into a crack above the tub. He opened the cabinet and removed the pink Pepto-Bismol bottle. A metal vial was tucked into the corner. He unscrewed it. Inside was a plastic-coated lozenger, etché victor. He dropped it into his pocket. He went to the kitchen sink, rinsed out a glass, and half-filled it with water. He delivered it along with the bottle and a tablespoon to Van Hall. No need for the spoon, Fintan. I take my Pepto straight. Van Hall held up the bottle as if to toast the portrait in the corner. I wouldn't have that portrait if it wasn't for you. He swigged from the bottle, then took a drink of water. You saved the photo I had it painted from. Do you remember? Sure. Dunn put the glass in the sink. And the inscription. Yates, right? Yeah, your favorite poet. Van Hall laughed and wiped the pink traces of the Pepto-Bismol from his lips. He picked up the top book on the pile beside the chair, the collected poems of William Butler Yates. Here, they're yours. That's all right. I'm still working my way on the Oxford Book of Modern Verse, Dunn said. Please take it. Van Hall handed him the book. Do you know how it ends? The book? No, the poem. When you were old and gray. No, I don't. Like this. Van Hall closed his eyes. And bending down beside the glowing bars, Merma, a little saff, softly, how love fled and paced along the mountains overhead and hid his face amid a crowd of stars. A lovely poem. Dunn took the sheet off the bed and draped it over Van Hall's stomach and legs. Now get some sleep. And, Polly, he was a good man too. Opening his eyes halfway, Van Hall lifted up another book. He sent me this. When it arrived the day after he died, let me see. It's a Luther Bible in German, a 1932 edition, the year before Hitler came to power. He handed the Bible to Dunn. An odd choice is the thought that counts, I suppose, but Polly was an odd man. Eccentric, I mean, odd in a good way. That was the problem with the OSS and followed. The eccentrics were placed by fanatics. Dunn leafed through and stopped where a paper match bookmarked a page. There were pencil marks amid the lines. Can I borrow this? Be my guest. I haven't had much interest in the Bible, particularly when it's in German. Van Hall's eyelids rolled down. He mumbled, some world we live in. Hunt queers, hide Nazis, persecute lovers, protect murderers.  And his mouth fell open and he began to snore. Dunn's eyes swept the room a final time. Lieutenant Michael Hahn stared out from his portrait. Lips parted, as in the photo, as if about to speak or to sing or to ask a question. What do you see, Finn? I see a tired man who's had too much to drink. It's become a habit, don't you think? A bad habit, but bad habits happen to good people all the time. Do you think he's sick?  He's queer for sure. I know that. And I know something else for sure. What's that? The queer heart beats the same as any other heart. The queer heart loves the same, and the queer heart breaks the same. And Dunn turned off the light. He slipped the volume of Yeats's collected poems in the German Bible, the Bible beneath his arm, and pulled the door shut. Thank you.


My talk is about robust sequencing with almost optimal size and security against Russian adversaries. This is a joint work we searched for. Here is the outline of my talk. First, I will introduce some background about the robust sequencing scheme. Then I will take a review of our previous approach. After that, I will introduce our new approach and give some remark on our new approach. Also, there are some open problems. First, we are interested in the TN sequential scheme. What is this TN sequential scheme? We have a sequence S. We want to share it on my own parties. There are two parameters we are interested in. First is privacy. We call it T-Privacy. If any parties learn nothing about S, T-Privacy will be reconstruction. If any T-Privacy parties can completely recover S. There are the famous Shamir sequential schemes. You can realize this TN sequential sharing scheme. Besides this TN sequential scheme, you want the sequential scheme to be robust. Look at this graph. We have a known as the dealer D and known as the reconstruction R and N parties P1 to the PN. So the dealer D first take an input, second S. Then he generates N shares to N parties. Each party receives a share. And so diversity, he can corrupt parties. Now the PN is corrupted. What will happen in this reconstruction phase? And in the reconstruction, do you reconstruct R? Ask each party to send their share. And the PN, because he is corrupted, he will send a modified share. And so the reconstruct R, and he can still recover the second S in the presence of some corrupted shares. If they are not too many shares are corrupted, he can still recover the second S. So this is called a reconstruction robust sequential scheme. The formal definition is the following. Yeah, you see that we have we secretary and second S and generate N share and send the adversary. He corrupted some of them. For example, he corrupt T shares. There's then the reconstructor, you can recover this S from these N shares in the presence of T corrupted shares. So in this case, and we the corrupts here can be at the most the number of corrupted shares can be at the most half of the number of parties, half N. So the interesting case is N equals to T plus one is called a special case. And then there exists a reverse sequential scheme. Yep, we allow some small error probability. Then we are interested in the overhead. We want overhead to be as small as possible. Here in this work, we consider Russian anniversary model. So what is the power of this Russian anniversary? What are they, what can they do? First, they can select parties corrupt. So actually he can advance the corrupt party they see the shares hold by this party. Besides that, and all the adversary, they can do that. But the Russian anniversary can do one more thing. This is, he can see the transmission between the other honest parties and the reconstructor. After he saw this transmission, and then he modified his shares based on what he see. This gives more power to the Russian anniversary. There are some non-results. First of the first result is a secretion scheme against the non-Russian anniversary with optimal overhead. The kappa is the security parameter. But there's another parameter log N, which is absorbed in this old tutor. So this old tutor means that there's a log N factor since we just ignore it because it's too small. Okay. So there are all previous approach, give present and robust sequential scheme achieving the Russian anniversary security, but with all, with not optimal overhead.  So there are two independent works achieved the optimal overhead against the Russian anniversary. They are crypto 2020's works and our work, our kitty's work. And both of them achieved the optimal overhead, but it takes a completely different approach. So in their paper, they achieve, and they are round completely smaller. Actually they have two round, but they require communication between parties. And our work, I mean, have five rounds, but we don't need a communication between parties and reconstructor. But this is some difference between our two works. Okay. Let's first take a review of our previous approach because we will reuse some algorithm for our previous approach. So we need to introduce our previous approach in advance. So in our previous sharing scheme, we have given a second answer that the data do the following things. Firstly, share as my list of codable version of a champion segment scheme instead of the classical segment scheme. We use the forward with some code to do this list of coding to achieve the list of codable. And then we want to authenticate each share. So for SI, we want to authenticate SI. We use the MAC to authenticate it. Actually, but we don't want one party to authenticate the rest of all other parties share because it will incur a very big overhead. Instead, for each party, we only authenticate a small random subset of parties. This will make the share size very small. But then we need some random modification for the verification graphs to represent this authentication relation, which we will introduce later in our next slide. So what is the verification graph? This verification graph is a directed graph indicating the authentication relations. For example, in this graph, we see that P1 authenticate P2 and P3 because P1 has a direct edge to P2 and also P2 authenticate P3 because they are then directed edge from P2 to P3. We classify the parties into two types due to this verification graph. And we call it passive parties. If the corrupted party do not modify their share SI and the corrupted party is active, if they modify SI, then we could make this classification because after we make this classification, we have these following properties. First, because the passive party they do not modify SI actually, it behaves like an honest party. We cannot tell whether it's honest or passive if they do not corrupt some other SI. So in this case, the passive party can always pass verification from the honest parties. However, I mean the passive parties although they do not modify SI they can still pass information tell the adversary what the shares they hold. Actually, they are not completely honest. For the active parties, actually we can tell if it's active because they always fill the verification from the honest parties. Active parties and active parties and they can either pass or fill the verification from each other. It all depends on the strategy taken by the adversary. It varies, so you cannot tell. So what is the very construction scheme in our previous approach? We have three round transmission because we will consider rushing the adversary because they are so powerful they can see the transmission between the parties and honest parties and the reconstruction. We want to limit the power of this rush adversary so we introduce three round transmission. After these three round transmission the algorithm deciding whether the number of passive parties is small or big. If it is small, we use the graph algorithm to write code words. This graph algorithm is based on some random expander graph. If the number of passive parties is small then we start from an honest party. Then we use this random graph expansion property and it will soon identify lots of honest parties. This is the second kind of ideas behind this graph algorithm. If the passive party is big, large actually we see that most of the shares are not corrupted. Then we use this list coding algorithm because it works because the most many shares are not corrupted. This list coding algorithm will output a list of candidates including the write code words. Then we use some candidate in limit algorithm to find the write code words from this list. This is our reconstruction scheme in our previous approach. Let's introduce our new approach. Let's first make some comparison between our new approach and our previous approach. There are some common points we share some common points. The first is that we also divide the case between p is small and big. Why we divide the case? We use our graph algorithm in our previous approach to handle the case that p is small. That's why we divide the cases. We also reuse the candidate in limit algorithm for different purposes. Actually if the other is a right candidate in limit algorithm works if there are two conditions make it work. The first condition is that the right candidate is a write code word from this list. The second condition is that the number of cases actually is not too small. Then we also use the multiple random transmission to restore the power of version of diversity. Also there are some deviations. The first deviation actually is quite interesting that usually we want the verification graphs information to be sacred. So every party they will store verification graphs of their neighbors. I mean the people and the parties they need to verify this kind of information. But there is one verification graph we want to make the neighbors information to be public so no one can alter it. And the second deviation is that we make the cut also we also divide the case but with different threshold in our this work we use the n over log n to be divided between small and big. In our previous approach we use epsilon n that's the difference. Also we replace the list code algorithm with a new algorithm to handle the case that p is big. Why we don't use list code algorithm because we use a new threshold case. So for n over log n the number of party is only n over log n and the list code algorithm will output an exponential size that says we want to avoid that's why we cannot use the list code algorithm anymore instead we replace with a new algorithm. And we do enumeration for p starting from n over log n why we do this in enumeration because with our new algorithm it must take and correct input the number of the p and it must be correct otherwise the new algorithm will not output the right code word and that's why we invert all the p but how can we make sure that we can find the right code word if we have enumered all the p and there are some p they will output all the wrong candidates because we have thanks to this candidate so let's take an overview of our new algorithm we do this enumeration and after do this for each p and we will the step one we will find that the subset of v consists of many honest parties and some passive parties that means there are no active parties will be in v this is the set of v we look for we say that step one we will succeed if the following holds honest parties are the active parties by at least n over 4 log n this holds for because of this enumeration the second condition called active party cannot be authenticated by honest party it holds because of our MAC our MAC will make sure that this is always hold so there are the step two and so we have we already have a subset of v consist of many honest parties and some passive parties for the party not in v we want to know that if it's good or not it's honest or not honest how do we know we are trusted the parties instead of v because the i is honest or passive because also the honest party is majority so if if these parties is authenticated by many parties in v we think we trusted and we put it into our v step and then if we collect enough parties the number of parties in v is big enough that we can recover the secret so step two we will succeed if the following holds first honest parties or the number of passive parties in v by n over log n actually it will not always hold it depends if it's not hold we turn to step three it's hold and actually we step two already find the right code word the second point is that the subset of authenticated neighbors is not corrupted actually it means that the authentic verification graph is made public in this step and the second point is assumption of p is correct actually yeah if we assume that it's correct and then we write code word and we just assume that it's correct because we have step four actually so let's go to step three step three says that we use the graph algorithm taking the complement of v as the input set because of if step two is fails and step three we will succeed because step c succeeds if the number of passive parties in v is relatively small because if in v is big and in v bar is small so that's why either step two or step three at least one of them will succeed then we go to step four because we assume that p is correct the number of p the input the number of passive parties p is correct so if it's not correct we will I mean the candidate in initial reason we will not we will not qualify it it can only spot the right candidate code word also the step four succeeds if p is not too small actually this will be ensured by the enumeration so let's yeah let's go to the conclusion we present the robot secretion in against the Russian that achieves the optimal shell size so this is basically what we've done in this paper so there are some still some open problems and we are also interested in and we want to maybe explore it in the future and so the first open problem is that can we find a simpler and more practical solution to this problem because our current solution I mean it achieves optimal shell size but rather complicated also the crypto 2020's paper I think the LSS analysis and also the approach if they take is also relatively complicated so can we because the problem itself is very nature it's a nature problem so maybe we can find more nature solutions and simpler solutions to this problem the second question is that is it possible to design linear time reverse secretion scheme we know there is linear time secretion scheme so whether the robot we can achieve robustness in linear time yeah this is all this is my talk thank you for your attention


Hello my people! Welcome to the Score Channel. That right there is America. So you know what that means? We're in Canada. We're going to be checking out the University of Windsor in this episode of University. Windsor's located just on the other side of the Detroit River and the University of Windsor is literally one of the first things you see when you enter the country via the Ambassador Bridge. Now this video is a bit of an odd one. I did the interview over Zoom but I couldn't pass up a chance to check out the University myself. So say hi to Martha and stick around for the video that I show you guys of the University. I am Martha. I am the student recruitment advisor for the University of Windsor. So I look all over the region of Latin America and the Caribbean to multiply and to receive diversity to a place like the University of Windsor. We are not the biggest university in Canada and we don't want to be the biggest university in Canada. We have the facilities of a larger university but we have a mid-sized faculty and campus. Our nine faculties include faculties like business which is our debt school of business. Windsor's business school is a major attraction for the university but their engineering program is also excellent. They've invested heavily in new facilities like the Epic Center and the new center for engineering innovation. Windsor's co-op program will make sure you actually know how to put those skills to use. We have a lot of agreements with businesses that are in that area and even with businesses outside of Canada. We have a need to get our students' professional experience. One year paid work in Canada or even outside of Canada. We even had students that we have sent to Japan, Germany, Switzerland and we're also keen on being a globalized institution. But one thing I loved about Windsor was how they let you mix and match with joint degree programs. There's a lot of flexibility in what we offer and we like to say we can cater to your very particular world. For example, students are applying for engineering but also have an interest in music and they're combining both interest in education. I know a lot of people think about studying in Canada and immediately gravitate to universities like the University of Toronto or University of British Columbia in Vancouver but being in Windsor has its benefits. The cost of living because we are not a city as Toronto we're talking a 60% difference an apartment that can cost $700-800 in Windsor can cost double in Toronto. Our students are privileged enough to say I can be in Canada and the States on the same day and it only takes five minutes. You've got the best of both worlds. You've got easy access to just about everything you would ever want but you've got a little more affordable cost of living in a smaller city that honestly feels like a nice community. It's also not terribly cold. I mean look how nice this day looks. So what kind of students does Windsor look for? Students that are really focused and confident on what they want to achieve are at least an 80% under GPA. The University of Windsor is looking to expand its diversity so we're welcoming students from Peru, Chile, Columbia, Brazil, Mexico. When it comes to price, Windsor is one of the more affordable universities in Canada. The cost for a year of business studies is around $50,000 Canadian dollars a year including residents and food but good news international students. We have just recently secured an international excellency scholarship up to $20,000 in scholarship for international students. We also have the open entrance scholarship so we as a university we give around $11 million in scholarship for all students. We review your GPA 96% and above you're going to get the top scholarship which is $4,000 Canadian dollars per year. So scholarships can cover up to half of your cost if you qualify. If you do co-op or work in Canada, you can easily cover the rest by working. Windsor students average $18 an hour and some make as much as $33 per hour while they study. Now that I've had a chance to kind of walk around here I feel like the thing that has stood out to me the most is just how many services this university provides for its students. I mean I saw a teeth whitening for free. There was a free counseling area for like dealing with stress and anxiety. Just about anything you could ever need is here and I thought that was really cool. So all that's left is to know when to apply. The next available intake is going to be winter 2022. You can start applying to winter now. The portal is now open for winter applications. Great talking to you Andrew. Thank you so much for the space. I'm very happy always to talk to students. If you want us to cover more universities in Canada or anywhere else leave a comment below and let us know what you'd like to see. Now that things are starting to open up I have a feeling we're going to be doing a lot more trips like these. Thanks for watching the video. If you like this and you want to learn more about how to study in Canada then I suggest you check out the video we made a few months ago about how to study in this country complete with a cameo by my friend Jason Markowski. If you're looking for universities in other countries then maybe you should check out the video we did on IE University in Spain. So winter has the fourth best pizza in the world so you have to go out and try that if you like pizza.


Welcome once again to the breakfast on plus TV Africa first major conversation this morning is a talk in politics once again And the discussion is mostly about the build up to 2023's general elections The of course conversations across the country are who eventually takes over power Or retains office in 2023 The opposition parties of course have started their own plotting and started their own calculations and permutations And that of course includes the major opposition party the People's Democratic Party and the smaller ones across the country There's also likely going to be Independent candidates, you know who show up every now and then But the question really is with the People's Democratic Party Have they done well enough to convince Nigerians that they are an option and that's you know Most of the conversation we're having this morning with Mr. Punabo in court area as a former adviser to the River State government Mr. Ingo Tyra. Good morning. Thanks for joining us Good to have you on the program So so let's start with your response to that question Do you think that the PDP has done enough worked hard enough has placed and positioned itself well enough as an Opposition party or have they simply just existed in the last seven years What the ACC is being as an opposition party preceding the 20th in general election And I think that is because the PDP also lacks the understanding of what it means to be in the position So, yeah, there are Stuck at two attacks as long as in a while and most times the attacks are not Attacks that are not in most cases issue base When they talk of a position party of a shadow government Like you have in the United Kingdom where you have for example, you have the Minister for Petroleum You also have in your position the Minister for Petroleum shadow Minister for Petroleum That will take on every issue that has to do with Petroleum in the country And that's what you made my co-position But I think we have a lot of understanding of what the position means in this country Most of those in the position of those in government Personalities rather than addressing issues and that is because of the caliber of people that have a Sedentary they have been accidentally disturbed on the front door shopping. They laugh. For example, now if I say our son program on Let's say Economy or whatever Or so That is why he's criticizing me. Yes Opposition is all about the position has nothing to do with the individual Issues and you can see I'm not a member of it. I'm not a member of it. I used to be a member of the city I have never ever been a member of it. It's never ever Conviction and based on my session. So in synopsis the issue of a position in this part of the world Understanding, I think it's misplaced the issues in this part of the world Individuals and that is not what we call the position So so now let's begin to look at all of that because however It's also believed that political opposition parties have a role to play in every in end democracy as a matter of fact They are component of democracy So what could be the reason why the PDP like you have mentioned have not lived up to expectation Now some people are arguing that It's because of the lack of ideology of political parties, but what did the APC do differently in 2011 and 2015? I mean, we saw the president protesting against, you know, the failed subsidy removal including the pump price He had its political engineers and supporters at the time on the streets and we saw that political campaigns from the APC at that time That smeared, you know, the activities or the some of the policies of the people's Democratic Party So could it be that the lack of ideology by political parties the reason why the That's the PDP has not performed very well in terms of the role of an opposition in this the, you know, current dispensation Well Political parties in this country have no, they don't have ideologies That's not the lack of ideology What is lack of ideology? You cannot have an APC member cross-captain to the PDP or a PDP member cross-captain to the PDP They don't have to do with egocentric ambition Not necessary. If anybody tells you he's going into office For he's going to be there in the image of Nigeria, don't be duly dead my guess is that I mean that is a far cry for me A lot of politicians go in there to peddle or like their pocket not in the image of Nigeria So it has that I wonder, when you're going to Nigeria, you are Majority of the APC members today, we are members of the PDP You vote for a party and not an individual In Nigeria, we vote for individuals and not act But to the individual, that is the constitution of the country Not the constitution, change this political activation 95% of Nigeria, it's not 100% And as I said, my God for everybody, just criticize in most cases We criticize for public views to give me contracts We criticize, we have to castigate it That is what is going on in this country Not ideology, please, it's not like a little base So we should not deceive ourselves talking of ideology Well, I want to focus a little bit more on what the PDP could have done Every now and then, you see a statement, press statement from Kolao Lugudian You know, of course Dupamah Nagar for Secretary Yeah, exactly, sharing his thoughts on, well, representing the party and speaking on behalf of the party And condemning actions of the APC in one direction or the other Do you think that is enough, you know, as an opposition party? Or what more would you have expected that they should be able to do? I'll also quickly mention in the last 48 hours The conversation on social media has been large, mostly because of the on banning of Twitter in Nigeria by the current administration But there's also something that has been noticed There's a lot of fake accounts that were also opened Loads of them, of course, seeming to be Set up, you know, to support or to push out the narratives from the current administration That is some work that the current administration is doing And if you remember also in the bill to the elections in 2014-2015 They also had a lot of social media engineering They sponsored, you know, persons, you know, to handle propaganda They sponsored a lot of people to handle whatever narrative That they wanted to push out across social media And those are some of the things that helped them also So once again, are statements from the PDP press statements From the PDP enough as an opposition party Do they not understand what it means And the amount of work that needs to be done In order to fuel the hearts and minds of Nigerians And let them know that they are still alive Well, I'm talking about press statements First, let us contextualize this Government of good luck and very much a matter The government that was, when compared to that of Jira and Mohammad Dupre, who is draconian, it shows criticism The future there with the pandemic Those that criticize, who stayed at work in protests They did that without any interference Government in office that is inferior to criticism That cannot prove criticism And press statements with new systems Such as the Minister for Information Life Movement Who has grown in this repudiation within six years in office It is gross to Nigerians and to Nigerians I can say that what you talk about is an international station And certain things are not supposed to be said on air To the country, to Nigerians as a whole Who is also the former national publicity secretary And for what it is there from the beginning And for what it is there, yes What it is there and what it is called So whose name you just mentioned What is the situation where they will be arrested and deported How come said this, it's not about the deterrence To your support I think that does not do much When compared to what the ATC did while in the opposition Then if you talk of just press releases and so on No, it is an issue press releases Is that Incotara So I just want to chip this in Did they not do much because they are a party That functions differently from the way the APC functions They are a party that maybe understands the rule of law Understands the constitution and understands rights And some of all those things Very different from the way that the APC functions Is that possibly why they didn't take the same routes That the APC took in 2014-2015 I don't think, I don't think, I don't think The next man that will probably appear on your program Will definitely want to show that Because you just giving him food for thought He's going to tell you He's doing what they are doing because They respect the constitution and I do this What is the rule of law What do you mean by the constitution They bring myself Any constitution, because Any form of prison And of course they start Any form of dissent You know, this is a government that sees What is happening behind every dispensable wall I mean, I'm not going to mean to talk about that But in my view to Bill What they have is guilty That is a dictatorship We have a sentence of justice One is found, the other is out This is a legal position And you should be prepared for So what, because he asks What do you think that they fail the doing I mean the People's Democratic Party Like you have mentioned I tell you this, I tell you this I tell you for example Now I tell you this So it's a protest Even worse than the general government That is what the PDT lacks Lemons What the PDT is doing They are not communicating as they are You know, the national General of the party You can check on them Okay, so let's also You know get to the opposition And their representation at the legislative level Now you also want to agree with me That there's been a lot of outcry That the Ninth Assembly Is a rubber stamp I'd like to share your thoughts on You know the performance How would you rate the performance Of the People's Democratic Party At the, you know, lawmaking level The PDT or the DPC The President, President, President The PDT, President I'm talking about the PDP now Wouldn't that be enough? No, no, no We're talking about, you know The at the lawmaking level now Their representation The opposition adds the representation I mean, legislating Well, you have few persons That you can get credit for Just a few of them A handful of them A handful of them have an opportunity To travel the world But the issues On day to day basis Elementary procedures How many do you find on the floor of the house? Ms. Angotara We're, of course, taking steps So, if you don't know the performance You have to believe that That's the end of it That's the end of it Ms. Angotara, as we take steps Closer to the 2023 elections Is it, does it feel, in any way Like the PDP is simply Expecting Nigerians to Out of disappointment In the APC Vote them in Or do you think that they have worked hard enough Or they are working hard enough To convince Nigerians That they are a better option As an opportunist That's a good question That's a good question What's the difference between the APC and PDP? That's not the difference Oh, they have some, you know, difference in their In their party manifesto Party manifesto in ideologies They are no different The only difference is in the nomenclature No difference I mean, to be fair Ms. Angotara Yeah, to be fair Yeah, go ahead But if this Will tell you hope for Mr. A Hopefully or secretly I mean, the party It has to do with an individual Let yourself deceive out, sir Don't hope for that same candidate So why then do we have, you know The dominance of the APC and the PDP Because now in the 2023 elections Will be here in no time And you will also have different political parties I mean Putting out their candidates out there And contesting this election And so when it comes to the role of the opposition Should we be limited, you know To a particular party Like the People's Democratic Party No, that's not what I'm trying to say We have one interpretation Of what the position means You know, in this part of the world That immediately wants to criticize The government as being a member of the position Like I can tell that person And this one is presiding PDP The other side is not a member of the position You know, branded Because we have a case like the least laws And no matter what have been made You must make the most understanding And the problem we have Other than the same person That by positions of authority You cannot be quick what you don't have This is that it really has nothing In most of them Ma, the position of the government in office But here, because you're branded And any much want to be seen We can remember That as someone that just criticized the government In power Have been talking This may be the most common Everybody has said it Where this government on a part of the position is that Once you criticize the government You must not see anything good in a particular company Those interpretations of what the position of me is In this country Have I been talking People have been talking Have been talking Is that not the position? Well, Mr. Angutare If you of course We're going to be sharing ideas On how your position generally Not just the PDP now Can You know, become more vocal Or take bigger steps Towards finding a way To get themselves into power in 2023 And I'm talking regardless of the political party now What more would you have Would you ask that they do? When you say opposition, you are saying Are you limiting it? Restricting it to PDP? Not just the PDP Opposition in Nigeria Anybody who might be interested in that position That's okay Okay, very good Now, I will enjoy Nigeria Notwithstanding the political party And individuality Notwithstanding Look at me A man on the OCC platform Has a lot of pleasure That can go to a man on the OCC platform Or don't give a damn about the party That's my fault But that hasn't really put But that hasn't really been Very Fantastic for some people Because some people Some people actually in 2015 Voted an individual And we're talking about President Mohammed Buhari But there's no way you're going to Separate the individual As much as they can be Very fantastic from the party element Because already You know that political parties Come together And as an instrument To contest where we are And control it So there would always be An influence and the ideology Of the parties being reflected Excuse me Mercy In the sense If you just read the salient form In 2015 A lot of people voted for ATC Because of who Buhari Not necessarily the ATC I still think the voting And the individual I disagree The individual that they Neglect That is not We're all different Of what has happened to President of that We are all different I will not open it to them Absolutely I will not open Nigeria I will not fill it to them It is different We shall still do that If they have the parts Fill it to Nigeria from this point All right Opponabo Inkotarium Always interesting speaking with you Thank you very much for joining us this morning And we wish you a very beautiful day ahead And a great weekend Thank you Thank you Absolutely All right away from politics We're going to move away from politics And go to sports While Scott will be joining us After the short break To talk about AFKON It seems that there is some controversy That has been brewing since it started We'll talk about it when we get back