All right, hi everyone, sorry about that. Thanks for joining us today, and thanks for pairing us, C&I, with this excellent presentation from our colleagues at Waterloo. So we are coming from North Carolina State University. My name is Susan Ivy. I'm the director of the Research Facilitation Service, which you're gonna hear a lot about this morning from us. And I'm with my colleagues Jill Sexton and Greg Raschke. Do you wanna say hello? Morning. So today we're gonna talk about facilitating research, competing and data support at our institution, and we're gonna start off by talking about what the Research Facilitation Service is. You'll hear us refer to it as the RFS a lot this morning and why we created it. And then we're gonna take a step back and talk a little bit about how we got to where we are today, and then conclude with some key points and some looking forward. We do have a couple of just two surveys. Polls in our slides. So if you're willing, if you have your phones or your tablets or your computer is ready to respond to those, we'd appreciate it. So what is the Research Facilitation Service and why did NC State create it? So like a lot of your institutions, I'm sure, and like we just heard, NC State offers a variety of research, computing and data services and support. So we'll follow under that umbrella of research, computing and data, but we've referred to in the field as RCD. So we've listed some of those on the screen to give you an idea of what we're talking about. So from our Office of Information Technology, we have high performance computing cluster that's available to all of campus, data storage service and support, things like support for cloud and virtual computing and many other things such as networking and you name it. We also have a lot of college IT units. And so each of our colleges does have an IT unit. They vary in size and scope and what they can provide, particularly in terms of research computing or research IT. The university libraries, we provide support for RDM, research data management, as well as consultation around data publication. We have a data visualization unit that partners very closely with our new Data Science Academy on campus to think about tiering consultation for hands-on data science and data visualization support. We also have six core research facilities. We've called out the Genomic Sciences Laboratory. They're one of our biggest champions on campus for the RFS. They've been involved since the beginning and much more. And so we're really fortunate to have the support for our researchers, but it's also challenging for a lot of reasons. So it's challenging for our researchers that are new to our institution, but also those that have been around for a while to know where to go to find the support that they need. If they're thinking about new research workflows or new technologies, it's hard for them to figure out which ticketing queue, which website, which person to call or talk to. It's also challenging for our service providers. They're in different parts of campus, virtual, on campus, and they don't know often what each other are doing. We've heard from our college IT groups that it would be really fantastic for them to have more channels of communication between one another to learn about how they're approaching common problems within their colleges. And from a strategic point of view, it's challenging for administration to really know what's going on around campus all the time and also to think about emerging technologies and trends and what to expect, particularly in terms of research IT and research computing as things change quickly. So we created the research facilitation service to try to answer some of these challenges. And so we have several goals listed on this slide. I won't read them and it's quite wordy, but really what we're trying to do, number one is provide a single place for researchers to go to if they have questions in terms of anything that might fall under the umbrella of research computing and data. It's a very wide scope. We often don't know what we're gonna get asked, but that's great for us. We actually enjoy that challenge. We're trying to increase the discovery of and access to the services and support that exist on campus, as well as services that might be out in the community. So, and when I say that I'm thinking about the exceed computing platform, for example, or NIH strides, for example. We wanna be a place to help analyze requirements and provide technological solutions, as well. And we wanna connect those RCD service providers across campus, as I mentioned. So figure out ways to increase their collaboration and communication. We want to help when people are planning for cyber infrastructure needs for their funded and unfunded projects, to particularly get in there early in those proposal stages and think about budgeting, think about what's available and what they might need to pay for that's outside of the scope of what the university provides currently. And then lastly, act as a resource for strategic input. So we're interfacing with researchers daily, as well as service providers, learning about what's challenging for them, what they need, and then pushing that information forward to our decision makers on campus. Okay, so here is our one of two polls. So if you go to, let's see if I can read it, I don't have my glasses. Poll, P-O-L-L-E-V dot com slash Susan I-V, I-V-E-Y. Believe it's two, five, four. Two, six, four. Thank you. And this is an old school word cloud. So it should show up. What are your current challenges? These could be similar to what I just said, coordination across campus, silos, but it could also be in terms of infrastructure, such as data storage, which is really common. We're just curious about in the room what people are facing. Coordination, it's a good one. Lack. I like that lack is the biggest word on the screen right now. Staffing, decentralization, and I think you can see a lot of overlap between what we just heard from the previous presentation as well. I think we're all facing very similar challenges. We're gonna move on for time. So how we got here? I'm gonna pass it over to Craig. The simplest answer to how we got here was we hired Susan, and then I stopped doing anything with this, and they were really kind to include me on the presentation, but I can maybe add a little more context than that. We also got here by not, how do I advance the slides just with the arrow, right? There you go. By not being very good at providing computational research support for our university, right? It was very decentralized. There were a lot of resources that Susan just listed off, but none of them were super effectively serving our research community and our faculty, right? Especially at the point of engaging them when they have problems. The contriere's role, the coherence that libraries try to provide and often do successfully provide was really missing and lacking. Our IT office had a lot of services that faculty either couldn't get to, couldn't figure out how to use those kinds of things, right? So we saw it as an opportunity. So we in the library has created a position which became Susan, which was fortunate for us. And then we partnered with our IT office to try to bring their strength in back-end services, some of their computational tools, their storage capacity, those kinds of things, together with our ability to provide a coherent service and a contriere's and reach out to a community to build a coherent service portfolio. That was really what we did. And then we asked the provost for three positions and we got one. I should have asked for seven. That's a lesson for you. Although there was like a lot of debate about what's too much, right? Ask for too much and you get zero. Ask for the rent. Anyway, we tried to get two positions. We got one more to go with Susan. And then the IT office and the libraries each created a position so we could create a portfolio of like four positions to try to build out a service. And a lot of that was what our colleagues at Waterloo said was based on relationships, right? We had built enough relationships out of this kind of incoherent service layer that we had and built up enough trust in relationships. And a lot of that credit goes to Jill so that we could both create positions and take that risk together. We took a position from the provost and we redirected resources. And then from the library's perspective, it was an opportunity, right? It was an opportunity to evolve and grow. And I think that's an important recognition of us. We took resources that could have gone somewhere else. We redirected vacant positions and turned them into research computing, research facilitation service positions because we wanted to move more broadly into the life cycle of research. We saw it as an important evolutionary opportunity, right? And we decided not to do some things so that we could do this. And that's not an easy decision, but it's one that so far I think we're really pleased and happy with. And then part of it too is it's just, I think, more fun and interesting. Libraries are increasingly called upon to solve university problems, right? As opposed to our own problems. And I think it's more fun to try to work at this scale. I'm finding it to be energizing and really interesting. And of course, hopefully it'll be rewarding both in what we achieve, but also in terms of resources as we build this out and tie ourselves more into grants and things like that. So I don't think I said anything that was on the slides that Susan kindly prepared for me, but I think I covered the main ground. And then, okay, I'll leave this up for a little bit. And we did. We heard this from the folks at Waterloo. It takes constant engagement, right? You're constantly cultivating this garden of relationships, of resources, talking. We had all these silos within the colleges, especially the large colleges, bringing those people on board and getting to the point where we could then pilot the service and really offer it to a couple of colleges specifically and build into large interdisciplinary grants and those kinds of things. Actually taking those substantive steps that, again, our friends at Waterloo talked about. You can build relationships and you can do all that cultivation, but you actually have to do something at some point, right, and start to build in and try some things and experiment. And I think that's largely where we are, which Jill and Susan are gonna talk more about here shortly. But there's another poll. Hopefully it's the same address, same deal, right? Yeah, okay, so if you still have that fresh, you can talk about which campus units are currently collaborating with to support research computing needs. All right, the library needs some help. There we go. Let's get in the game. The other piece that I will offer, the core research facilities at NC State were an important element in this, in that we had these large-scale research facilities generating terabytes of data, basically, right? And there was not very much infrastructure to take it from the core research facility back into the labs and then share it out and beyond. So that was something we were able to work with at our university administration, so, okay. And you see it up there. No others. All right, we got everybody represented. Jill, I think, are you at? Susan, Susan's up next. Okay, so very quickly, just wanna talk a little bit about how we launched the research facilitation service. So we thought a lot about the strategy for this, and we proposed and were accepted to roll it out college by college for a lot of reasons. Mainly, we didn't really know what to expect and how much need there was gonna be, or a small team. But also, because, and as you've heard, it takes a lot of time to build these relationships. So we weren't going to be able to really swoop in and sort of get to know the IT groups and get to know the college IT groups and build those connections. You know, it just takes a lot of time. So we're doing it college by college. We started with our College of Sciences. There's a lot of needs there. They have a small-ish college IT group as well. And their ADR, their CACD for research, and their director of IT was very involved in our planning processes, so that was great. And this fall, we've been working with our college of natural resources, and we plan to roll out to their research community in January to align with the spring semester. And just very quickly, we thought you might be interested to sort of see the request to date at a glance. What I will say here is that you'll note that we say we've served seven out of 10 colleges. We are only operational with the College of Sciences, but that's, if people find us, we wanna help them. And so we have actually gotten requests from six additional colleges since this year, this calendar year. And you can see the departments, the core facility, and Greg just mentioned some of the work that we've done to help them streamline their data, transfer to our HPC and data storage. We're implementing Globus for them, if you're familiar with that tool, so we're excited about that. Things that we've been asked about, as I said, data storage and transfer, we get a lot of questions that just say, hey, look at our workflows, look at what we're already doing, how can it be better? We want it to be more efficient. We have some legacy stuff. It's not really working that well. Can you help? Those are big problems, and we're working through those ourselves and trying to coordinate with campus to figure that out. And now I'm gonna pass it over to Jill. So I'm gonna kind of bring it on home. And I think that what's evident from listening to both of our talks is that we're talking about solving technology of problems, but we know that the solution to solving those problems is not more technology, it's people, and it's relationships. And so I just wanna emphasize that in order to be successful at this sort of initiative, partnerships are vital. It's hard at NAR of our universities to be able to find any kind of new resources. And I think as Greg addressed, we worked over time to build up and show the value, show the potential, but building those partnerships was really critical to our ability to do that. We continuously, over the course of several years, engaged with these key stakeholders listed in order to kind of share data about the state of RCD services on our campuses compared to peers to show the potential benefit to other units for the creation of a service like this. I think Susan and I gave a talk with Mark Hoyt, our CIO at NC State a few weeks ago about this topic. And he really emphasized that importance of showing that to your potential partner organizations that this is a win for everybody. So show the value of this to your research office. Show the value to your university as a whole and the ability of the university to bring in more research dollars and help boost the effectiveness of your researchers by removing some of the stressors that they find in doing kind of day-to-day computational work, letting them focus on the sciences as opposed to focusing on administrative tasks or these not administrative tasks, but things that are less relevant to their day-to-day research. I wanna see if I, I think that's pretty good. I think another thing that I would like to hit on is that just kind of emphasizing again, it takes time. I think Greg, Susan and I over the course of several years each engaged with the communities that we had access to or the venues that we had access to. Again, not in an irritating way, but I think in a way to when we saw a window of opportunity where we heard an anecdote that showed the effect that this lack of coordination was having on our research and our presidency state, we each brought it up in those appropriate contexts. So Greg with CIO, the Vice Chancellor for Research, I serve on a lot of campus committees around data compliance, data security, campus computing and Susan as well, interfacing directly with researchers and the directors of research centers, just kind of building support, making that case, showing the value, showing the potential of an idea like this was really critical in our ability to build up slowly over time, gradually show support and get to the point where we are today and hopefully we'll to grow over time. And then I think finally, we wanna address a question that we get kind of on a fairly regular basis. So why is this service in the library? People are like, wow, this sounds really interesting, but why isn't it in IT? Why isn't it in the research office? Why isn't it in the library? And I think that has a lot to do with our ability, just as we stated in our presentation to build those connections, to show trust and credibility. And I think on our campus, and I hope on many of your campuses, libraries are known as great connectors as places where people can go to get kind of answers, figure out where to be referred. And we take that very seriously at our library. And I think we're very good at it, we're recognized as being effective in that way. And so when the idea of forming this initiative was finally accepted and when people were talking about where to put it, I think we were all thinking like, we could do this. But it wasn't us who made that suggestion at first. Was it Mladen? It was our director of research, or vice chancellor for research. And so it just made sense that the libraries would be the place for this. I think another knot in our favor was our long history in supporting enabling services for researchers. So for instance, Susan referred to a lot of those, like our data and visualization services department, which connects very closely with our data science academy to provide statistical consulting, data visualization consulting, et cetera. We have the history of Susan's position helping to connect research data storage, connect researchers to research data storage. We have the long history of the libraries consulting on research data management planning. We have, we are the institutional owners of NC State's ORCID kind of provisioning system. And so we help researchers create ORCIDs, create NIH biosketches and open access publishing consultations, other kinds of data curation services, et cetera. So we show that trust and credibility over time. We provide services that people value and I think that has paid off over time. So just kind of, again, to reiterate the key takeaways here, work your partnerships, build credibility over time, and that results in the trust that you need from your community in order to be successful in launching a service like this. And I think I'll kind of leave it there and leave it up for questions. We've kind of put a few conversation starters that people don't have questions here, but we're ready to take your questions now. I wanted to ask a question about the services, the service request that you get. One of the services, common request that you mentioned was web app development and database development, which depending on the nature of the ask can be like really out of scope for the capacity that you have. And so I wanted to ask you, has this reorganization like changed like your sort of impression of the overall capacity for by having this coordination for the services that you can offer researchers? And then the second question is in cases where you still don't have the capacity to offer the development or data services, has it changed how you manage the basically the process of saying no? Sure, so it's sort of the same answer. That's a gap on our campus that we can't really fill currently. And so oftentimes what happens for us is if it is a gap, we are mastering saying no. But what we're finding is that researchers are really thankful just to have a place to come and sort of ask about that and to sort of express the need and know that we're taking that need and we're reporting it up. So that's actually one of the more requested items that we're receiving. And so prioritizing that maybe on campus for adding support for that in the near future, we would love to see that. And so yeah, right now it's just, how do you say no in a way that they feel seen and heard and know that they're not just talking to somebody that's not going to at least advocate on their behalf for that? Thank you. Sure. I don't know. This way. My question is about the support you provided to your research core. So for the data transfer, what kind of setup did you provide them and what did they then commit to do long-term? Like are they managing access to accounts or is that something that your IT department is doing? Sure, so in terms of the GSL, the Genomic Sciences Laboratory, they sort of had a clunky workflow where they have a bunch of different machines that they have a server for each machine within their lab and they were saving it locally to that server and providing a web URL for access to their clients. And then oftentimes their clients were downloading from there which is a little bit of a security issue and then pushing it back to our central location such as high-performance computing or data storage. So we did some scripting to automate that so that particularly for internal clients was our first sort of iteration of the project. Those would move to central locations where they could go ahead and get it on the HPC or on the data storage. So they didn't have to have that extra step where they downloaded and uploaded. And now on our second iteration of the project, we're implementing Globus so that even external clients that have access to Globus, which many do. So it kind of streamlines that. So internal and external, we're hoping to use Globus rather than what we created. I hope that answers your question. And if you're interested in more specifics, I can get you in touch with our technical team. And one thing we didn't mention is that half of our team currently is in the libraries with me and the other half is in our research computing department or unit within central IT. And so we have different reporting structures there and I direct the service, which is something that's kind of unique, but it really kind of helps us to really be more collaborative. You could advance the slide to the people. Oh, sure. And you can see our team and the little plug we're hiring. We have one. We do have one additional position with us in the libraries. That hyperlink will take you there and you can find it on our website too or reach out to me. Amy? Yes, thank you. So I'm wondering about the equity of access to the services. I know you started with STEM, but are all of these free services or do you have payback models for any of these? Sure, it's a good question. It's a complicated question right now. They're all free. And we support anybody funded or unfunded. We just chose these colleges for different reasons such as their interdisciplinary needs. We also are choosing some because we think we're gonna be challenged. So for instance, the College of Natural Resources has a pretty big laboratory for geospatial analytics. And so we're expecting a lot of big data problems to come out of that, which will challenge us. And we anticipate rolling to a smaller college next in fact for that equity reason. We've done two fairly large ones. So we might hit something like management or something like that. In the future, sustainability, I'm not quite sure if we will be able to provide everything that we do for free. And that's a conversation that we're starting to have, but we haven't gotten very far. I don't know if Greg or Joe wants to comment on that. I mean, yeah, you're right. And this is a good, the financial modeling question from earlier, from Waterloo. It's gonna have to be a mix of funding sources. Some subsidized, some from large institutional grants to pay directly into the service. And then some unit-based, college-based support, I think is gonna have to be the mix. The exact allocation of that mix is gonna be, I think it's gonna be challenging. We're taking somewhat of a leap of faith, right, by starting the service and incubating it so then we can have something to actually charge for into the large-scale grants. But I think that's right. And then you're correct. Some of the humanists and social scientists who don't have that kind of support, we've talked openly at the university level about having to subsidize some level of that. And then saying no to the other things that they want and providing but a basic level of foundational service. Yeah. Hi, thanks. This is really a follow-up to that same line of question. I'm David Millman from NYU. Thank you, that was really good. And we're wondering, are you considering, now that there are new allowable costs, say from NIH, about curation services and preservation services, are you thinking about going to researchers and asking them to put a line in for you? And what kind of, how are you gonna get that trust cooked? Yeah, that's something that we're thinking a lot about. I'm sure you all are within your NIH policy and allowing costs for data storage, data publication, data curation. Right now, I'm not quite sure. I mean, we want to be able to help people budget for those costs, but there's some unknowns. So for storage, if they're gonna use on-prem storage that we provide, we do have a cost for that. But you can only use certain money for that, so they have to budget it in rather than use FNAs. That's why we want to get there early. But in terms of data curation, we don't offer data curation on campus, so that's one of the gaps. And I don't know how to help them budget or where they might find that support currently. I hope I answered all of your questions. Do y'all have any follow-up? I think, yeah, this is on. So I think that's a, one of the key questions has been swirling around our campus, which I didn't introduce because it could have been an entire presentation on its own is the way that we allocate overhead funding. And we, I think, are very conservative at NC State in terms of what allowable costs are and when we're able to allow money to pay for unlike circumstances. And it really hampers, I think, our ability to, for example, grow our local infrastructure on campus as opposed to it's much, much easier for researchers to take money and buy AWS or Azure services than it is to reinvest in our local infrastructure. And I think that's really, really closely related to this question. And we are in the process of it's been a long, years-long discussion with our budget office, with our contracts and grants office in order to understand how we might be able to gain a little bit of flexibility, learn from our peers who are maybe able to be a bit more agile in this way to be able to help support the growth of our campus infrastructure in a more effective way. I think we're out of time, right? Yeah, we are. We are out of time. There you go. I'll come and talk. Okay, that sounds great. Thank you. Thanks, everybody. Thank you.


Section 0 of English and Cantonese Dictionary. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. English and Cantonese Dictionary by John Chambers, revised and enlarged by Thomas Kirkman-Dilly. Section 0, English and Cantonese Dictionary by John Chambers, LLD. Seventh edition, revised and enlarged by T.K. Dilly, Queens College, Hong Kong. Hong Kong, Kelly & Walsh Limited, Shanghai, Singapore, Yokohama. 1907, registered in accordance with the provisions of Ordinance No. 10 of 1888 at the offers of the Registrar General, Hong Kong. Preface to the seventh edition. The preparation of this edition of the late Dr. Chambers, English and Cantonese Dictionary, has engrossed the whole of my limited leisure during the past three years. The labor entailed has been peculiarly fascinating and with special significance for me, since it was partly under the distinguished and safe guidance of Dr. Chambers that I acquired my first quickening insight into the Chinese language, stripped and spoken. I still vividly retain very clear recollection of a periodical after dinner meeting which I was privileged to attend in the middle eighties as the former London Mission House where round the lamb-lighted table under the personal presidency of the then Venerable Head of the London Mission set the late Dr. Faber. Mr. J. H. Stuart Lockhart now is honored the Commissioner for Way Highway. Mr. now Doctor, G. H. Bateson Wright, Headmaster of Queens College, Mr. Eddies of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, the late Mr. A. Faulkner, Second Master of the Old Government Central School and others, eagerly discussing, adversely comparing, commenting on and revising translations of portions of a minor Chinese classic made since the previous section by individual members of the class. I hence regard it as a distinct honor to have been entrusted with the making and launching of a new edition of this dictionary which, when first issued, was one of the earliest first fruits of Dr. Chambers' arduous and varied labors in the wild field of psychology. I have interfered neither with the original method of transliteration highly praised by so competent and accepting a critic as Dr. Aito, formerly Inspector of Schools in this colony, nor with the system of tone marks adopted, both are possibly as effective and useful as any other of several in present use. If in any subsequent addition it is deemed advisable to change the mode of marking the pronunciation, such change, I think, should be made on the lines indicated in the reform movement for acquiring modern languages, now in active progress among the recognized leaders of phonetic reform in Europe. And with which, in Germany, Professor Victor, in France, Mercier Peer-Piercy and Monsieur Lebert Roussoul, the discoverer of the system of experimental phonetics, which, with his remarkable instruments of precision, brings to bear on the analysis of science the exactitude of microscopic examination, and in England, Mr. Walter Rittman are so closely and prominently connected, in which case it might be found necessary to adopt the aphabetic symbols authorized by the Atsun Siazion phonetic international. The change implied is not so radical as would seem. The difficulties in the way of such an enterprise are not as great as might at first sight be imagined. There can be no question about a careful study of phonetics being essential, both to the correct and fluent acquirements of any spoken foreign language, and to the checking and setting right of the male pronunciations of one's own mother town, to all teachers, but especially to such as I engaged in imparting a knowledge of English to foreigners, and intelligence grounding in phonetics seems an absolute sine qua noire. The study of this subject is still in its infancy, but at least one dictionary based on phonetic principles is already in existence. I have tried to remodel the entire book on the battles and Belgium's admirable French and English dictionary, and accordingly have placed exemplifying sentences after most vocables. Not only have many hundreds of such amplifying and illustrative phrases been packed into the book, but many extra words previously omitted have been inserted each in its due aphabetic place. Botanical expressions embodied in earlier editions as the suggestion I'm told of Mr. Charles Ford, ISO, the honorable Dr. Ho Chi, CMG, and the late Dr. Faber have been retained, and the number extended. Practically the whole of the newly incorporated matter is from my own manuscript, word and phrase books, slowly and gradually brought together during an unintermitted and ardent acquaintance with Cantonese covering clothes upon 23 years, which matter has been gleaned, shifted, and garnered from all imaginable sources, books classic and vulgar, dictionaries and vocabularies, magazines and pamphlets, the ephemeralities of daily newspapers and the many-sided actualities of galactoscopic street life. The total increase in this edition is represented by about 500 of its pages. It would have been quite easy with the unused material I still have to have made the volume even bulkier. In Dr. Chamber's lifetime, each successive issue was considerably larger than its immediate forerunner. I can speak from frequent and grateful experience of the exceptional care taken under the trying circumstances of craftsmanship and tortured interpolations in the composing room of Messes, Kelly, and Warsh during the unavoidably long drawn-out period of reprinting. I also desire to acknowledge a deep debt of obligation to the late Mr. Zhang Chong, who, up to the time of his death, was Second Chinese Assistant Master at Queen's College for careful aid, chiefly given to revision of proofs. T. Kirkman Dili, Queen's College, June the 8th, 1907, note to the fourth edition. This edition of the Cantonese dictionary has been carefully revised throughout and fully one-third has been added to its size. The common characters M, G, and Mo, which are unauthorized and local, have been in most cases replaced by their class equivalents, but G and Mo, while the colloquial sounds have been retained. Expressions wholly put in parenthesis are not colloquial, but single syllables in parenthesis are more colloquial forms of those that they immediately follow. Thus under, about, would be found Zhang Gan, within parenthesis, kan, where Zhang Kan is the more colloquial. Adjectives may be formed as a pleasure by adding G to nouns and verbs. Verbs may also be formed by placing zheng or zhou, before adjectives as zheng ba, meaning to whiten. Note to the fifth edition. This edition of the Cantonese dictionary is in no important respect different from the last. Errors and inaccuracies have been corrected where noticed. It has lately been pointed out, note, Journal of the NCB of Royal Asiatic Society by E. H. Parker, a scholar of HBM consular service that there are nominally 18 and practically 12 tones in the spoken language of Canton. Some of the extra tones are what I have referred into previous editions as variations. One of them is the middle-entering tone introduced by Dr. Aito into his forthcoming dictionary. That the distinctions exist, and that they correctly increase the difficulty of the dialect, I have no doubt. But while they are still subcutacy, being in many cases of such a refined nature, that only the most delicate ear can detect them, it would be premature to attempt introducing them systematically into a work for beginners. Having heard the opinion of a judge in this case, we must wait for the verdict of a jury. Meantime the opinion is very valuable, and I recommend it to the attention of all capable students of the dialect and of all who wish to speak it with perfect accuracy as heard in Canton City. In the country, probably, a different class of variations might be discovered, or none at all. J.C. Canton, 13th December, 1878. Rules for pronouncing the Chinese. One. In this dictionary, the Chinese tones are distinguished from one another by means of two essence and two kinds of type, Italian and Roman. Citibals printed in italics must be pronounced on a key higher, always by a fourth, and sometimes by a sixth of the scale, than the corresponding ones in Roman letters. Two. Citibals which have no essence over them ought to be pronounced, whether they be on a high or on a low key, in the same easy and natural manner in which we speak our own language. Example in the sentence, do it now. The italicized word will most likely be uttered in the same tone as the Canton colloquial word for anger. Now, three. If a Citibal has the acute essence over it, there must be a plausible raising of the pitch in the act of enunciating it. In asking the question, shall I do it now, the voice rises in a somewhat similar manner and the tone of the Chinese word now to twist would be quite appropriate for the italicized now in this case. Four. The grave essence indicates a vanishing note which neither rises nor falls in pitch and might be physically termed the drawing or bleeding tone. It is occasionally heard in such a phrase as now, do be quiet. Five. Words ending in K, P, T and are considered by the Chinese as differing only in tone from those ending in NG, M and N but they are sufficiently distinguished by the spelling and need no other mark. Six. The system of spelling here used is adapted from that of Dr. Williams' tonic dictionary only dispensing with its diacritic marks for the sake of convenience in writing and printing and it is hoped also in using the dictionary. The vowels are to be pronounced as follows A A and A final as in father A not final as in company E as in day I as in machine but before NG and K as in king O final as in no and not final as in hope OH as in horn OM not O as in girder OO as in school U as in fun interchanged with short A UU nearly as in Bu UE as OM not U in troubner AI as Y in fly AAI as A with EA in far reaching AU as OW in now AAI as A with U in far ruling EU as EYO in beyond IU as EE with OU in seal OI as OY in boy UI nearly as in Lewis OOI as in cooling SZE or ADZ apostrophe is a mere buzz the vowel being scarcely heard 7. According to the above method of distinguishing the 8 tones they will stand thus 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 it is well to keep in mind that the 5th and 6th of those tones take the aspirate whenever the initial emits of 8 while the 7th never takes it thus we have CHUI CHUI POU BOU etc but not CHU CHU BOU BOU POU etc it is also a rule with some exceptions that syllables beginning with L, M or N are in lower tones in colloquial discourse many common words when they end clauses or sentences are pronounced with a rising tone which does not properly belong to them thus the sentence is called YI TOU a Buddhist priest or a monk etc otherwise in peculiar positions have a variation of tone as FAN to sleep which is pronounced FAN when used alone to denotes that a person is asleep directions for using the English and Cantonese dictionary the system of spanning here used is adapted from that of Dr. Williams' only dictionary only dispensing with his diacritic marks for the sake of convenience in writing and printing and it is hoped also in using the dictionary the vowels are to be pronounced as follows A A and A final as in father A not final as in company E as in day I as in machine but before NG and K as in king O final as in know and not final as in hope OH as in horn OM not O as in girther OO as in school U as in fun interchanged with short A UU nearly as in Bu UE as OM not U in troubner AI as Y in fly AI as A with EA in far reaching AU as OW in now AAU as A with U in far ruling EU as EYO in beyond AU as EE with OU in seal OI as OY in boy UI nearly as in Lewis OOI as in queen SZE or at Z apostrophe is a mere buzz with scarcely any vowel sound the use of short U in many cases where the other dictionaries have short A is to prevent a habit which English learners are very liable to get into or pronouncing for example man people exactly the same as the English word man father UDA the same as the English word fat etc. the broader scotch A is little nearer the Cantonese but fun is in any case not fan but fun the W is a little different from OO Kaolun KAULON should be written KAULUNG the second syllable being indeed quite different from the English LUNG yet not by any means the same as the scotch L-O-O-N words ending in U-E or OM-LOG-U often very in Canton so as to be not distinguishable from words ending in U-I but it is an exaggeration to make H-R-I-M with SUI the only vowel used with a diacritical mark is OM-LOG-O and it is of rare occurrence I cannot accept even under authority of Mr. Parker this vowel as a substitute for E-U in S-H-E-U-N-G or S-H-E-U-K etc. there is some truth in the suggestion but if S-H-E-U-N-G gives too much of a diphthong S-H-O-M-LOG-U-N-G gives too little considering that L-O-N-G and L-E-U-N-G rhyme with each other in the universal language of China it would seem almost better to write the Cantonese sounds L-O-N-G and L-E-O-N-G than to introduce the peculiar O-O-O which after all does not represent the Cantonese perfectly however students may take with the both S-H-O-M-LOG-U-N-G or L-O-M-LOG-U-N-G etc. as a warning not to exaggerate the diphthong the eight tones there are only eight regular tones in the Chinese language and even these are not all found in many dialects the upper series of tones is printed in italics and the lower series in roman letters syllables printed in italics must always be pronounced on a higher key than the others one syllables without any tonal mark are in the even tone two those with a tonal mark on the upper left corner are in the rising tone three those with a tonal mark on the upper right corner are in the going tone four and word ending in K, P or T are in the abrupt tone that is to say they end in a close consonant which cannot be summed out it seems to me that the first tone might more properly be called the natural and the third the even tone for the third or going tone resembles a note of music which continues at the same pitch it begins rather lower than the first but does not drop at all the following is an example of the eight tones applied to what the Chinese regard as one syllable T being only a modification of N Ping, even upper series one lower series one Xiang, rising upper series one lower series one Hui, going upper series one lower series one Yap, abrupt upper series what lower series what additional tones we are indebted to Mr. E. H. Parker for first calling attention to other tones besides the above eight which occur in canton colloquial first there are three even tones instead of two the uppermost one being a sort of cry a typical case is Mao, a cat the name being an imitation of his cry these uppermost even tones are distinguished in this edition of the Cantonese dictionary by a tone note mark on the lower left corner of the syllable in addition to its being printed in italics I have been guided entirely by a Cantonese teacher in this and the following distinctions of tones second there are three abrupt tones instead of two the middle one being about as much lower than the one above as the upper going tone is lower than the upper even this lowering of the upper fourth tone takes place almost invariably in connection with long or broad vowels the first tone of exercise familiar to most beginners affords an example of it sin, sin, sin, sin the I being long equivalent to Yi, Yi the fourth tone follows the cadence of the third so that this middle fourth tone is appropriately marked like the third what is probably the normal upper fourth tone is heard where the vowel is short as in sin, sin, sin, sin third all the tones except perhaps the upper even and the upper abrupt are liable to be changed into an exaggerated rising tone the initial letter always following the proper tone of the word and the raising of the voice commencing from that pitch whatever it may be this exaggerated rising tone is indicated by an asterisk on the upper left side of the syllable for example the character near has three pronunciations according to the shades of meaning gun, gun, and gun the last is to commence like the first and has no aspirate but it rises even more than the second it is well to keep in mind that's the lower even and the lower rising tones always take the aspirate after ch, k, p, t, and ts while the lower going tone never takes it and the lower abrupt tone seldom there is some little help in this to a foreigner in distinguishing so many tones more than 9 tenths of the characters given as equivalence of English words in this dictionary will answer equally well for the general language of China and I have thought it well with this in view to substitute authorised characters for n, ge, mou, or lai etc in many cases while retaining the colloquial sounds it seems a little absurd to write lai for lai to come when the proper character loi is pronounced lai in other dialects this sort of thing like the multiplication of easy when li versions of the scriptures will in the end only multiply difficulties this dictionary was from the first intended for English people rather than Chinese and those who consulted are requested if they fail to find any particular English words to look for a synonym or an approximate synonym and to learn to form parts of speech themselves from the material given thus adjectives may be formed at the pleasure by adding ge to nans and verbs verbs may often be formed by placing zheng or zhou before adjectives as zheng ba to waiten sometimes an alternative pronunciation of a syllable is given in parenthesis which will generally be found equally or more colloquial for example under a joint fu gan kan within parenthesis is an abbreviated way of saying fu gan or fu kan jc hong kong 28th march 1891 end of section 0 section 1 of English and Cantonese dictionary this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org English and Cantonese dictionary by John Chambers revised and enlarged by Thomas Kirkman Dilly section 1 a or n meaning 1 yat the numerals or classifiers are given after a or n under different nouns the most common of all numerals is ko as yat ko ya one man or a man but where other numerals are given they must be used in connection with the clauses of nouns to which they respectively belong as yat jak sao a beast yat tiao yu a fish apicus sunpun an apicus yat ko sunpun a beft hyeong sun may a bandun se hei a bait gam si o abby in buddhism fat ti an abby yat gan fat ci in Taoism dou guon in Roman Catholics sou dou yuan abbot in buddhism fong chang an abbot yat wei fong chang in Taoism dou chang abbreviate gam duan abbreviation as in writing gam budd a beft fong chang abhor zheng yim abby ju sus or ju ha or noi ability chui nang or or nang guan ab ju er si yuan ju abo nang or abbot jai suan shang or hei suan chu abolish fei chui abominable bap ga zheng abominate ci zheng aborigines tou yan aborigines of china miao zi aboption do tai or xiao chan abbot chu chu dou do or fong chang abbot in the round about zhou wei meaning more or less shang ha or zuo yao about to jang gen meaning concerning lun abov shang abreast bing kien bap yat pa abridge gan leo or jing gan leo abrot oi abrogate fei abrupt dat ngat abruptly dat yin abscess chuan do be abscon with money hei mei chu absence mu zai absolutely bich ding absolve seh absolve soh hui abstain from gai abstracted mong yin or shang yab shan extrude sum o absurd dun mu hap li oi wun chang abundant fong fau abuse in abuse of things lun yong abuse of people li ma or chan hai abyss sum yun acacia gam fong or xing sik pha accept soh nao assess jau khan lo accidental yi ai or 偶然 acclimation chai xing heo chai acclimated fok sui tou aclivity che bo accommodate chong sum feng bian or yi accompany hong mai or hui accomplice chong fa accomplice chong fan accomplish xing accord shang huo according to jiao yi accordingly gam jau account of money so mu or jang mu accountable si man accountant jang gui accumulate jap mai accumulation chong chong dip dip accurate mou chong accusation go zong accuse superior accustomed guan suok ache tong achieve xing zhao achievement xing gong exit xun acknowledge yin acon seh luat acquaintance suk sik acquire de duo or war acquit yi mu zui or sum mu zui acre Chinese acre mou six and a half mou equals to one English acre acreate la across wang go act jau heng jau si gong acting officer Chu yam actions heng wei action at law zong chi actionable hó go phat active act actor play actor acute jam yui meaning clever Ling li Adam's apple Hau lau adapt hap at ga or team addition the rule of addition ga phat adult war address address a person team full address a letter seh son pay an address son pay adapt rou so etiquette gau si oa lang gau at here nim gen oa yi sat adhesive chi aduo ho hap oa mong li ho lo a john phu gen oa kun a john ding qi oa ding qi zai hui adjust jing qi oa do gui yi adjutant phu jang oa heap tai a minister zong guan admiral soi si thai do admire zan sen admit hui jun oa bai yu oa wan jun admonish hui gai adu si zou oa si gau adopt a son lap yi zi oa lap ming ling adopted adopted personally kai adopted father or mother kai ye kai la meaning by a second marriage gai aduo zong bai adon mung sik oa jing sik yu lau adroad xian jing adult jang dai xing yin oa dai yin adulterate kou zap ga fo adultery gan yong advance jun advance of money yu xian giao chut oa zi meaning goods on credit se advantage ye oa yik adventure heng hien adversary doi tou oa doi dik adverse kong oa bacheng oa yik oa ngak oa zi adverse to thai hi advertise thong bo oa bo ko meaning by posting bills tip gai jiao advisable hao sai sik advice ban advocate to advocate doi sou ed pun yong lian hap heng gong yong lis fong shun affordable hou xiang yu affair si gong affect gam wan affectation jing seng zha leung affectionate sum ching affiance ding chun affinity yin chun affirm wa hai afflict mou fu afflictions chua affluent fong sheng afford gong qup can afford mai de pi affront chong zong oa yuk affloat fow afforset go di chien yin shuang min so kong afraid hong pa after something hou something after birth hou yun oa toi yi oa bao yi afternoon ha ng oa ngan jau hou afterwards yin hou oa mai hou oa hou lai again jau fuk oa yau shi against shang fan oa yik oa ya over against doi min to rub against kwang chun agate ma no age lian gyi what is your age li yu ji do sui I'm saying it politely kui gung le the age shi aged go shou oa lau dai agent doi ban yin aggravate jing gung gwan hi oa jing chong aggressor xin ha shou oa xin gung yin agitate yuk dong agitated pang wang ago chien agate fu kik agree wo hap agreeable wan wo meaning willing phuan qi meaning to one's liking hap sam sui agreement yue oa hap tong oa qi yue agriculture gan jong oa rung shi aground gok chien oa kong sui ague phat lang beng ah ha ah ha ah ha ahead zai chien tou to go ahead chien hui ah hoi wai aid bong zo adicum shou be aim hang zun air hei to air liang oa geng lan airy liang ssang alarm zhan geng meaning to a route geng shing alarm clock lao zong alas aia el house jau dim alert alias bieh meung alien oai guok rin oa rung ssang oa ta rin di oa rin di ge alight lao alight ssang ci oa yiang alive ssang huo gai oa lung zong oa han ba lang oa do hai oa before nans zong oa maan oa ba oa lao yi lu alay zi yu yiang alliance git chan oa rin mao alligator oa yu alert jiao fun oa fun pie alaw zong alight meaning base metal gam dai aloy kao allure yin yau allusion ngam zi almanic tong su omite mao so bap lang element heng yin almost cha bap do se alos lou hui oa alung oa along along length wise dim oa zi along with tong mai alongside jai po hao mai allowed dai seng already chan ging oa yi ging also yi oa do oa yau allure jai tan oa shan tai allure alternate wu shang tai dai alternately meaning in succession lun nau meaning every second one lam la alternatives liang yang yam gian although sui yin altogether zong gong alam bap fan always shi shi oa shang shi am i am oa hai amaze geng zhau ambassador shi shan an ambassador yi wai shi shan jai po wu pa ambitious jai go n of section one section two of English and Cantonese dictionary by John Chambers this is a LibriVox recording all LibriVox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit LibriVox.org English and Cantonese dictionary by John Chambers revised and enlarged by Thomas Kurtman Dilley section two ambush fuk bing amend guai jing amaze to make amaze pui bo america america oa pha qi guok amiable hong ai amaze wu wu zi ammunition fo yuok chong zi amang jai sum ure jong amorous do qing amange gong gai amore ching tou amoi gong gai amuse gai sum ure zi qia amuse a child tam amusement wansha amuseing chui analyze chat sut ure hao gau anarchy ancestor zhuxin zhuzhong tai gong anger tib nao ding to anger wuan entropy source yu gai ancient gu and kup gong oa yau anecdote an anecdote a dun gu si angel tian si anger nao oa hannou angle guok tou to angle diao yu angry oa laulu animal sungling oa kamsou to animate shung hi animation jingsun animosity han oa shou anesit hui heng angle guok anan guat an axe jie chuk oa ga annihilation gui mu anniversary lian qi yat zi first anniversary doi lian anoy fan yu an yu mui lian anoint anonimous as in anonimous play card pak thiep another bith ko or dai yi oa ta oa ngau answer tak yin oa hui yung meaning such chok sai and an end yat zhe ngai anti sin oa zhengfeng zi sin antelope ling yang antennae anantie yik oa doi miin anticipate yu liu antidote gui si antiquity sheng gu antelope nga gok anus gong muon involver expression shi phat an yu tie zheng anxious fong zheng pat ha oa choose for not any mou luan bien go oa mut ye meaning some the anywhere bien chu oa bien chu do ho apart lii hoi di an apartment yat gan fong apathy mou gam dong ape ma lou apparent heng se yue aperture gong chu oa ho oa long apex bien ding a peace hui yi go apologize gai sui oa sui hoi oa hui li apoplexie lou hui zhong fong oa lou sui zhong fong apostatize bui gao aposto si tou apparatus oa hei go a complete set of apparatus yat fu ying dong apro yi fuk apparition hien zhik oa guai mud appeal hong go oa shang hong appear chut hien appearance appease sik hei appease ping sik appendix bau wei appetite wei hou upload oa choy apople pinguo apply zhe oa yong in meaning ask etc kou oa hong appoint chit lak appraise gu ga apprehend meaning to seize chuk do apprehend mentally hieu oa gu apprentice tou dei approach jau gan oa jau khan oa jang gan appropriate meaning take shien chui meaning fit hap sei approve zhong yi apricot heng april ying sei yue april wei kwan apt apts 2 wei aquiline nose ang go pei arbitrate gong duan arbitrator wo tou oa zhong yi arbitrate yang hui arch gong oa wang gong archer jian shou architect dai jang used in hong kong wak jik ge ardent meaning hot yin ar hei in in hei argyu bian bo hei aristocracy sei ga arithmetic sun fa arm upper arm so be fore arm so jau oa so gua the whole arm gian pang armory guan hei guo armpits gat lap dai arms bing hei army sam guan oa luk guan aromatic heng around jau wei around guo arrange oan pai oa jing chai oa tiao ting arir tou him arrest juk arrive do arrogant giao ngou arrogant qian fun guan hei guo ascenic sun sek oa yin yin arson phong pho art ei oa gong ei adamis ei archery hueh muk guan art fo archical gian oa gian artifice guai gai artificial yin sao zong artillery dai pao artilleryman pao sao artisan zhang yin oa zou gong yin oa sao meaning painter wah si artist loudun oa sun jik as ou chi oa jik yu oa yau jifu as a fitter oa ei asbestos ascent shuang oa shuang hui oa xing oa dung ascent way of ascent shuang hui zi lu oa shuang lu ascertain cha ming oa cha zhen ascetic sou liin ascribe ascribe to guai yu ashamed gian sao chi oa pao ashes fo hui ashore ai an shang to go ashore shang an aside soo mai ask mun meaning invite qing meaning beg for kao asland chae oa chae asleep fun asparagus tian muntung hui aspect ging sik oa mao oa guang ging asbestos guang wai aspirate pun qi aspire shuang shuang jun oa tam dae as leu zhik leu agrid as daibun jang asel gong asesin ci ha asalt gong da asalt as robbers da ge guat asae hao yim oa yim go asab assembly hui ascent oa heng oa wun aset oa hai oa lik yin ases gu sui ases wei yip oa wei tan haan ding asein tu ding gui assist bong zo oa ziao gu assistant yi shou assistant in government fu asise guan yi ga associeate shang yu guang lai an associate thong bun association hui asalt oa anpai asway gai asum yi wei oa ga zhe asuman name muu ming xian zi assurance in faith duk sun meaning presumption dam assure dam bo assured li guo yin asma hei chuan astonish ging zhe astound zhao ha astray dong sut astringent so sub yue liu astrology sing ho astronomy tian min asylum yuen asylum for children yuk ying thong zai oa hai at last zhut zi oa gau ging a first wa muu shang di zhe eklis di tou su atmosphere tian hi atum mii mod at once jik si ai su oa shi di oa zhou wo tou atrocity chan yin zi shi attach thiep ging oa thiep ging oa shang liin attachment thiep sum attack gong da oa gong gik attain dek do oa dek zi oa kap zi attempt si wei oa si zhao ha attend to lou sum attend at zai attend a point si fung oa fuk si meaning manage da li attendance gan ban attentive dim dim oa si sum attest zhok zheng attire zong ban attitude oa zhong mao attorney zong si oa xiao zhong si to act as attorney daai ban attorney general gong ga luat jeng si attract zhiao yin open oa sik auction tou mai meaning sell hame ye lan audacious go gam oa dai dam auditor auditor general hau sou si augment ga zheng oa tim august ying bai yu august wong aunt paternal aunt maternal aunt yi mao auspicious gut austere guk sok author zhou zu oa zhu zu zi yin oa zhu zu ge yin oa zhok ga authority kuen optimum chau tian avail avail oneself of chan oa seng oa chan si meaning be of use yau yik avarice tam chai oa tam la avenge bo chou average lai chia suan averse mu zhong yi oa mu lai fan avoid tui min oa be avouch ying zhan avow zhik wa await a week fen seng oa seng wild a week seng ding aware zi do away hui oa li oa wei gui outward chou lu oa mu yip si oa jui oa yu yi zhe jang oa bo jang harai mea x fu tou exo juan zhok hai loo oa hai acelia dou kuen fa acua chong sik bebo lu chou oa chou chao bebla chou chao ge yin baby asou zi bachelor mei chui the bag hui oa turn back fan oa hui juan behind one's back hui hao bin end of section 2 section 3 of English and Cantonese Dictionary this is a Librebox recording all Librebox recordings are in the public domain for more information or to volunteer please visit Librebox.org English and Cantonese Dictionary by John Chambers revised and enlarged by Thomas Kurtman Deely section 3 section 3 back bite back bone back bone back door back slide back slide back stitch backward backward backward backward backward backward bacon bacon bad I I bad bad bad bad bad bad bad bad bad low bad bad stupid bad wo i om bad bad bad bad bad bad bad Base 粗大尼, bake 烘 鵝 焗 Balance a balance 天平 meaning still yard 把呈 a small balance 尼等 to balance 底 鵝 箱底 鵝平對 the balance 淨銀 bold 光 鵝 粒 bald head 光頭 bell a bell bow to bell water 敷水 ball a ball 球 meaning cannon 砲子 鵝 bat 砲馬 ballad 曲 鵝 a ballad 一枝野 ballast 雜在 balloon 興起球 bosom a kind of flower 紫甲花 or 鳳鮮花 bamboo 粥 a bamboo bamboo 條粥 bamboo shoots 粥筍 banana 椒 band meaning tie 帶 meaning company 一對 or 一般 bandage a bandage 前帶 or 前帶 to bandage 前 bandbox 紙盒 bandage 擦火 or 匪黨 bandage legs 曲徑 or 八指腳 or 棒筆 bang 毒 bang 碰 or 棒 or 棒 bangle a banyan 熔樹 banish 衝棍 or 文官 bank of a river 河岸 or 海邊 bank for money 銀行 bankrupt 賭行 or 賭罩 banner 棋 a large banner 大圖 bannerman 棋下 banquet 酒席 banter 灰鞋 or 激笑 baptism 洗禮 baptize 施洗 be baptized 受洗 or 領洗 bar of a door moun san or 橫額 bar of a cage 橫籠 or 玩 barbarous 蠻 or 蠻宜 babo ga yu babo 梯頭人 bear 裸 or 赤 or 光 to bear mok or 坦 or 裂 bare face mou liem bargain to bargain gong ga settle a bargain gong ding ga chien bark of a tree 樹皮 bark to bark fei bali daimak pearl bali yi mai ban tian zong barometer 風雨浸 barren 藍著 bark 兩支半圍船 barracks 冰鵝 barrel 羊酒桶 barren of guam zek toi barren land zek too barricade san lan barrier 雜 or 保障 or 阻礙 barrister 帶狀詩 barrel 首車 barter 兌換 base meaning bottom 底 or 等 or 肌 or 腳 base meaning mean 皮柳 meaning bad 帶 basement 地牢 or 等 bashful 怕醜 basil sweet basil 紫蘇 basin 半 a small basin 碗 basket 藍 or 蘿 or 香 or 框 or 粒 or 泥 bastard 野仔 in abusive language 跪仔 based clothes 貪衣服 bastionado 打板子 bat 飛鼠 a bat 一隻飛鼠 bathe 洗身 battery 炮台 battle a battle 打仗一陣 body hose 腸療 or 腸療 bow 呼喊 bay of the sea one or old bayonet 槍頭劍 be 係 be in 喺 or 在 beach 海邊 beacon 煙燈 bead 豬 a string of beads 一串豬 a bead 一粒豬 big 嘴 beam a beam 涼木 or 調陣 to beam 發光 bean 斗 long or stringed bean 鬥角 French bean 邊鬥 or 面斗 bean sprouts 牙菜 bean curd 豆腐 bear meaning carry on the shoulder 擔 carry between two persons 台 bear on the back 咩 meaning endure 抵住 or 受 bearing a child 生 a bear a bear a bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear bear 打, beat up x, etc. 花, meaning defeat 打敗, beautiful 大雅觀, beautiful 美, or 好看, or 好養, or 標誌, or 歪, female beauty, sick, beaver, 海雷, becomes 無風洗, or 聽風, because 因為 Mr. Mayor, 海森, backhand, 手招, or 入, become 成, or 為, or 做, meaning to grow, 生成, becoming, meaning fit, 合色, bad, 藏, a bad, 牛肉扒, beer, 啤酒, beat, 紅燕菜, beetroot, 紅菜頭, beetle, 甲蟲, before, 先, or 前, meaning formally, 從前, or 先時, before hand, 如先, befriend, 照顧, or 體恤, back, 刻, or 刻球, beget, 生, beger, 刻意, or 花子, begin, 初做, or 開手, or 埋手, or 起手, or 輕工, beginning, 始初, or 手, or 頭, be gone, 扯落, begoneer, 春海堂, be girl, 黑, or 黑話, be half, in behalf, 替代, behave, 行, behave towards, 代, behavior, 品行, behead, 斬頭, or 殺頭, behind, 後, to be behind, 喺後頭, behold, 顧住, or 體, similar to the low expression, 體, behoove, 利益, behoove, 應該, being, meaning existence, 有, or, 有者, belch, 打哀棄, globally, 若棄來, or 若, believe, 信, belch, 中, or 靈, hanging bell flower, 釣中花, belladonna, 顛茄, bellows, 風箱, or 皮牌, belly, 土, or 福, belong, 屬, or 關屬, beloved, 愛, or 所愛, below, 下, or 底下, or, 下底, or 下底, belt, 腰帶, or 帶維, bemon, 悲哀, bench, 板凳, magistrate's bench, 公安, bend, to bend, what hook, or, what hook, or 整 hook, or, 禮, a bend, one hook, beneath, 再下, or 喺下邊, or 喺下邊, benefactor, 因主, beneficent, 肯周率, benefit, 益, meaning grace, 恩責, to benefit, 智益, benevolence, 人愛, or 人, or 人德, united, 居客暗中, bend, cook, or cook, or 咬料, or 咬腰, bench of mind, 志氣, or 志向, bequeath, 流落, or 為足, bereaved, bereaved of 喪失, birth, 防偉, besiege, 肯求, beset, 為主, beside, 側邊, besides, 令外, besiege, 違困, besotted, 分迷, bespeak, 定, or 講定, best, 第一好, or 自好, or 頂好, or 十分好, bestow, city, or, cup, bet, 書賭, betel nut, that is, Carica Catatru, 賓羅, hence the expression, 君子賓羅, 刻意燕, that is, betel nut for the rich man, and tobacco for the beggar, betel pepper leaf, 老葉, betray, 賣婦, or 黑陷, betroth, of man, 定親, of women, 許平, better, 更好, a little better, 好啲, quite better, 好曬, between, 中間, or, something, and something, 之間, be well, I hope, beware, 提防, or, 關顧下, be wilted, 心亂, or 入迷路, or, 仿佛, bewitched, 鬼迷, beyond, somewhere 之外, or, somewhere 外, to go beyond, 過, bezoa, a kind of cow, 牛王, bias, pen, bit, 口水見, or, 口水溜, Bible, 聖經, bit, meaning order, 足付, meaning invite, 請, meaning offer, 出, bide, 等,過,內, beer, 混光架, big, 大, magnolia, 零消化, begot it, 固執, 過,來, or, 黎住本教, bio, 膽汁, bill, meaning big, 嘴, paper bill, 張單, bill of exchange, 回單, bill of lighting, 攬再子, billiard, 波, to play billiard, 打波, billiard room, 波樓, billows, 波浪, bind, 摘, or, 綁, or, 綁住, meaning agree, 約, binding books, 釘, or, 釘莊, binding of clothes, 捆編, or, 捆條, or, 緣, biography, 行藏, birch, 華木, bird, 鳥, or, 蕉鳥, small bird, 蕉仔, a bird, 一隻鳥, bird and beast, 禽獸, bird lime, 刺膠, bird's nest, edible bird's nest, 燕窩, birth, 生, birthday, 生日, biscuit, 餅乾, bit, of a bridal, 馬口鉗, meaning a piece, 塊, bitch, 狗毛, or, 狗喇, bite, 咬, a bite, 一淡, bitter, 腐, bitter, bitten, 豬爐, bitumen, 力清, by rough, 顯學, black, 黑, or, 黑色, black guard, 鋼棍, or, 爛仔, or, 爛口, blacking, shoe blacking, 鞋墨, black leg, 老家仔, blackmail, to blackmail, 石頭, blacksmith, 打鐵匠, bladder, 鳥包, animals bladder, 小桃, blade, blade of grass, 草葉, blade of a knife, 刀肉, shoulder blade, 飯匙骨, end of section 3. Section 4 of English and Cantonese Dictionary. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. English and Cantonese Dictionary by John Chamos, revised and enlarged by Thomas Kurtman Dilly.


What's good y'all Chris from Jasper's did another recap from Fanatic Slav on Wednesday, August 16th 2022 to 2023 Merlin soccer three-box break random team number three a nice one ahead in your way You see right there on the left We did hit our match ball signature nice Harry Kane out of 99 Not even the last Harry Kane that you see from this case though orange Nicole Borrella Yota the Ronaldo a beautiful 35 out of 50 on the Asia's Alchemy auto Nice Julian Alvarez rookie Nice girl in the hauling right there Absolute terminator on the pitch right now, but you might say hey, you're missing an album. Well, that's because We got our match ball signature team or Warner something like a 10 or 11 color patch there on the on the football And the auto we go with that's for RB Leipzig Very very nice set usually one of these pre-kates Sometimes a little harder to find that but a nice three-box break of the Merlin chrome soccer. Thanks again y'all


سنذهب now to the battle of Uhud which took place on in Shawwal of the third year after Hijra so in Shawwal of the third year after Hijra the Mushriqeen of Mecca decided to take revenge against رسول الله صلى الله عليه و آله so they bring their forces with the army that is led by Abu Sufyan and Khalid ibn al-Walid who was at the time among the Mushriqeen and they fight against رسول الله صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم in the city of Medina the prophet realized that there is a weakness in the location in which they'll be fighting and that is basically the back of the Muslims would be unprotected hence the Mushriqeen could attack them from behind so he kept 50 ارتشارات على مدينة المدينة المدينة المدينة المدينة he told them do not ever step down until i signal to you and he kept a man by the name of Abdullah as their leader their job was to see if anyone sneaks from behind the Muslims army they would protect the back of the Muslims with their arrows مسلم started fighting and started becoming victorious and they started winning and the Mushriqeen became weak and they started to retreat but unfortunately what happened is as this retreat was happening the majority of these archers fearing that they would lose on the booty so because of the love of booty worldly affairs worldly matters they neglected the command of رسول الله صلى الله عليه و آله and the majority of them came down their leader Abdullah said we are not allowed to go down the prophet told us we cannot go down until he signals to us and he has not given us the signal yet they said to him leave us we need to go after the booty so that was a deliberate disobedience to the commands of رسول الله صلى الله عليه و آله when خالد ابن الوليد صان that the back of the muslim was now not being protected anymore he took a few of his men and told the rest of the army to go and attack the muslims again to go back to fight and he turned around and he sandwiched the muslims in the middle such that he attacked them and he weakened them and unfortunately مسlims started getting shaken and many of them ran away in fact the majority of the muslims ran away although the prophet was calling them they started running up the mountain of احد اذ تصعدون ولا تلون قرآن says you you started running up the mountain without even turning back to respond to the call of the prophet صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم that was a second deliberate disobedience of the رسول الله they neglected him they deserted him they left him and only a handful of people and history confirms that amongst those individuals was علي ابن أبي طالب سلام الله عليه he did not leave رسول الله he fought with him until his sword was broken جبرايل came to رسول الله with a sword and said give this to علي and he said يا رسول الله علي is defending you with all his heart and his all his life fiercely and immensely the prophet said you know why يا جبرايل he said why he said because he's of me and i'm of him جبرايل said and i'm of you too as well so إمام علي continued to fight and there was that cry made from the heavens لا فتا إلا علي لا سيف إلا ذو الفقار but unfortunately many muslims got killed in that battle as well 70 muslims got killed some of the greatest of the muslims including مصعب ابن عمير رضوان الله تعالى علي who was the prophet's ambassador to مدينة he's the one who helped spread the message of Islam among the people of مدينة he was killed in that battle عبد الله the father of جابر ابن عبد الله الانصاري he was killed in that battle عمر ابن الجموح was killed in that battle and the leaders of the martyrs or the best of them at the time who was given the title of سيد الشهداء was حمزه the prophet's uncle who was killed by وحشي at the command of hind the wife of ابو سفيان who lost her father and her brother and her son in the battle of بدر so she avenged their death by killing حمزه then she came to the body of حمزه mutilated it cut off his fingers cut off his ears cut off his nose made a necklace out of it and she put it around her neck والعياض بالله and then she cut out the heart and the liver of حمزه and she chewed the liver but الله did not allow her to swallow it so she threw it out of her mouth so the muslim suffered greatly unfortunately and many of them were killed but because of the perseverance of إمام علي and رسول الله and few handful not more than five individuals remained with the prophet including a woman by the name of نسيبه when she saw the men running away they left رسول الله she picked up a sword and started defending رسول الله صلى الله عليه و آله such that she endured so many heavy wounds that it took one year for her حمزه but then they managed to save رسول الله صلى الله عليه و آله إمام علي and brought back the prophet safe to مدينة although this prophet himself was wounded his tooth was broken إمام علي suffered the wounds ابو صفيان on his way back celebrating his victory then paused and told the army what made us stop we should have gone back to مدينة and destroyed the muslims i mean they ran away their morale is crushed why not go back and finish them once and for all so they decided to go back to مدينة the prophet heard the news he got up and he said only those people who were wounded are allowed to come and join me to defend a handful of people got up handful the news reached ابو صفيان that the prophet has come with a handful of people he could not believe it he said it's impossible that he's bringing us only a handful of people to fight an entire army and then he got worried ابو صفيان he said maybe this man has a plan he wants to deceive us thinking that only only these few individuals are coming but rather he has an army behind him and they will do a trap and turn our victory into a loss so he got feared and scared and he told them مشكين let's go back to قريش forget about it let's not turn our victory into a loss and that's what الله سبحانه وتعالى has saved islam through the nobility and the bravery of the prophet and those few individuals who fought with him and that's why the ghoran commends them in سورة آل عمغان and saying حس بن الله ونعمل وكيل فنقلبوا بنعمة من الله وفضل لم يمسسهم صورة whenever you're faced with a fear or difficulty you say حس بن الله ونعمل وكيل and الله ان شاء الله will protect you and save you so the prophet then came back to مدينة victorious from that second incident muslims initially who thought that the prophet was killed in احد they returned back and there were over 60 verses revealed in سورة آل عمغان blaming the muslims for letting the prophet down and saying وما محمد الله رسول محمد is not but a messenger قد خلت بن قبله رسول other messengers have come before him افا ان ماتا او قتل so if he dies or gets killed you revert back in other words the muslims many of them when they thought that the prophet was killed they thought about reverting back to شلك والعياذ بالله so that quraish would accept them back they changed their faith was shaken so الله can condemn them for this blame them for these actions over 60 verses in the quran in سورة آل عمغان were revealed about this incident and the battle of احد but unfortunately it left heavy wounds in the hearts of the muslims many of them were weeping and crying the prophet came by a house that was weeping and crying and he said why don't the people weep and cry for my uncle and hamsa this is mentioned in تاريخ الطبري so the prophet he encouraged people to commemorate the death of hamsa not just by crying but yanduboon which means they show their emotions either by beating their chests or beating their heads or by crying out and hence it is also the sunnah of the prophet to weep for imam al-husayn as he himself according to ابن حجر الهيثمين in هالصواعق المحرقة says that the prophet cried for imam al-husayn


Hey guys, welcome to SSUnitec social decide and this is continuation of SEO Databricks tutorial. So before going forward in this video, if you haven't watched the last two videos of this video series, so I would strongly recommend to watch those videos. So in the first video, we have discussed about the introduction of the SEO Databricks. And in the second video, we have discussed how we can create the SEO Databricks service inside the Azure portal. So let's get started with today's video. So in this video, we will be understanding about the top level concept those we are going to use inside the SEO Databricks. So what is those? So first, that is the workspace. So we have to understand about the workspace first. So the workspace is an environment for accessing all your Databricks assets. So what it means? So this is the place where we will be accessing all the Databricks assets. And those assets could be your notebook, libraries, dashboards, and experiments. So experiments is nothing but the ML flow and into the folder and provide access to data object and computational resources. So this is the one place where all these objects we can create whatever we want to we can develop it here. So this is the one place. And as I told you for the notebooks, so this is a web based interface to documents that contain a renewable command visualization and narrative text. So whatever we want to do, like all the coding or the development, everything we have to do inside the notebooks only. And here we can use the different languages by which we can write our code. Those could be Python, Scala or SQL languages it is supporting. Next is the folders. So folders are nothing but it is used to maintain the grouping and hierarchy. So let's assume if you are working in a project and that is the ERP based project. And inside the ERP we are having different modules like the sales module purchase module and inventory module. So we don't want to keep all our development in a single folder. We want to create the different folders and by which we want to keep our development there. So for example, our base folder will be your project name maybe the P1 and inside the P1 we can create the different folders for managed all these things. So inside that we can call this as sales then purchase and after that we can have the inventory. So like we can create these folders and whatever the development is needed if that is based on the sales we can write and create the notebooks under the sales or the purchase and inventory. So depending on that we can manage. Next is the library. So what is the library? So library is nothing but it is a package of code available inside the notebooks or job running on your cluster and Databricks runtime includes many libraries and you can also create your own library. So you can simply understand it is having the predefined libraries inside the Databricks. Whenever it is required in your code you can simply use those libraries and here we will also see the option for creating the new libraries. So we can create those libraries and in future we can utilize those libraries. So libraries you can simply understand it is something like the functions inside the SQL server. So it will be going to create a single time and we can use that function in the future coding as well. So this is very similar to the libraries. Next is the MLflow. So MLflow is again nothing but the collection of the MLflow runs for the training a machine learning model. So MLflow is going to use for that. So this is the first thing that I wanted to discuss about the workspace. Let me quickly go in the browser and here inside the workspace as we can see we have the option for the shared and users. So let me go in the shared and inside the shared we can create the notebook libraries folders and MLflows. So let me create a new notebook and while creating a new notebook it is asking to create a cluster. So as of now we have not created the cluster. So let me leave this and let me call this as test and click on create. So it will be going to create a new notebook but that notebook will not be attached with any cluster. So we cannot run anything here. Now here in the top side we can see by default it is selected the Python language but you can also select the SQL Scala or so any one of these languages you can select it from here or you can select it from here as well. So like these two places by which we can select it. Now let me discuss the next concept which is the data. So inside the data it is very important. So data bricks file system. So what is this? So data bricks file system is a distributed file system mounted into the Azure Databricks workspace and our label on Azure Databricks clusters. So simply we can say it is the storage of the file and in our scenario because we are going to use this inside the Azure. So Azure blob storage will be created behind the scene while we are creating the clusters. So don't worry if that is not very clear. I'll be going to see that in our upcoming videos. So as of now you can only understand the Databricks file system is a system or the collection of the files. Those can be available on your Azure blob storage. So that is the Azure Databricks file system. Next is the database. So database as I told you we can also create the databases and the tables inside the Azure Databricks. So this is the same thing. If you are having knowledge inside the SQL server then you can understand like the database and the tables are nothing but database is the collection of all the objects and the table will be going to have one object inside the database. So this is something like that. Let me quickly go inside the portal and let me show you about the data menu that you can see here. So once we click on that then we can see the Data Explorer and here we can write our SQL queries like here we have not created any table at yet but we can create the table. So that we'll see in our upcoming videos. As of now you can only understand like this is the data pane where we can integrate or your mount your Azure Databricks blob storage. So Databricks will be accessing the blob storage directly from here. Next is the compute. So compute is very important as the cluster is the backbone of the Azure Databricks. So what is the cluster? So a cluster is a computation resources and configuration on which you can run your notebooks and jobs. So there is two type of clusters available inside the Azure Databricks. One is the all purpose cluster. Second is the job cluster. So like these two type of clusters are available and we can write our code that is written inside the notebook by running inside the clusters. So this is very important. So I'll be going to record a separate video where we'll see detailed explanation about the clusters. So don't worry for now. You can only understand inside the compute we are having two type of clusters all purpose cluster and job compute cluster. Next is the Databricks runtime. So Databricks runtime is also very important. So you have to understand a set of core component that run on the cluster managed by the Databricks. Databricks offers several type of the runtimes. So we can simply understand it is a set of core component that runs on the cluster. So it is going to run inside the cluster and Databricks will be managing this. So Databricks runtime is nothing but the core component of the cluster. Next as I told you it is having several types. So the first type is the Databricks runtime with the conda. So this is one type of the runtime. Second Databricks runtime for the ML which is for the machine learning purpose. Next is Databricks runtime for the genomics. Next Databricks light. So these are the runtimes available inside the Databricks. Now the authentication. So authentication part is very important because here we can provide the access. Let's assume if we are having 10 developers in your project and all those are working in the same project. So on that project you can simply providing the access as per your need. So for example like the we are having the junior developers. So we don't want to provide the access. We will be restricting the access for all the resources so we can restrict by using the authentication. So it is having three type of the authentications. The first one is the user. So a unique individual who access to the system is user. Second is the group. So it is a collection of users. So we can provide the access to the group. Whatever the users or label on that group will be inheriting the access from that group. Last is the access control list. So this is very important. So a list of permissions attached to the workspace cluster job tables and ML flows. So we can understand it will be going to provide the access on the workspace level cluster level job level table level and ML flows. So on these level we can provide the access for any individual. So an ACL specifies which user or system processes are guaranteed access to the object as well as what operation are allowed on that asset. For example if we are having a notebook and we can create the notebook but we don't have access to delete the notebook. So that type of access we can add inside the ACL. So that we'll see in our upcoming videos. Don't worry for now you can only understand we are having three different type of the access one on the user label. So that will be on the individual user. Second is the on group. So if we are having a group and under that we are having multiple users so we can provide the access and third one is the access control list. So we can restrict on the object level like what type of access we want to provide. I hope guys you have understood about the top level concepts inside the Azure Databricks. So thank you so much for watching this video. If you like this video please subscribe our channel to get many more videos. See you in the next video. Thank you so much.