Hey everyone, welcome back to VG News. We've got five big stories for you today, covering the breadth of the industry. We've got some stuff about emulators on Apple devices that we need to dive into. We have stories about the thousand year door. That's right, we have a brand new update with brand new features for that game to go over. Things with the Fallout series, which, man, the Fallout series is quite fascinating, and so much more. So let's go ahead and dive into this, starting with some small updates, although interesting ones for Paper Mario, the thousand year door. Now, we've been waiting a long time for Nintendo to actually give us information on their upcoming games. Well, there's Luigi's Badger 2 HD, Luminous Ocean, right? Like that's our ocean, our endless ocean. Luminous, my gosh, why did I butcher that one? And there was only three games coming from Nintendo, so I don't know how I'm messing it up. But whatever, we're actually focused on the thousand year door, which is maybe the most hyped release they have coming up at the end of June. And on the official Japanese website, and I discovered all of this thanks to a video by GameXplain, so credit them and link to their video down below, that there is two brand new screenshots featuring Twilight Town and Twilight Trail, which is pretty cool, and you can see some graphical differences and play a little bit of GameXplain's video to show that. But what I wanna actually focus on is the things you're seeing, the icons you're noticing here on the left side of the screenshot with ZL and L. That's because these were not in the original game. If you never played the original game, you might not know that that part of the UI did not exist. And this is in Japanese, so we're relying on GameXplain's translations here, but something that they do note are what these mean. ZL translates roughly to friend hint, which likely means you can get hints from your party members on what to do next in the game. And then the L button roughly translates to crew ring, which would naturally be a menu for selecting one of the members of your party, just a quick select menu, which would be a welcome addition. Also, it's notable that Nintendo sent out some surveys again to select players. And the funny thing about these surveys is in it, it really heavily indicates that, well, it doesn't really indicate, it just states it outright, that Paper Mario the Thousand-Year Door-On Switch is quite literally a remake. Now, if you guys remember, there was this big debate over whether or not this game's a remake or remaster, Nintendo is internally referring to it as a remake, so that's what we have to go with for right now. Obviously, this could change when the game comes out. This could just be a marketing thing, not related to the game directly, but that is what we have. The information from Nintendo is calling it a remake. So it's officially a remake. So between these two new features and learning that, hey, it is what many people thought it was in a full remake. We're pretty excited about this game coming out. Naturally, I'm more excited for brand new games. So you think Endless Ocean Luminous might make me more excited, but Paper Mario the Thousand-Year Door is more my kind of game versus Endless Ocean. Now there's nothing wrong with Endless Ocean.  Like a really peaceful kind of game and I love oceans. I'm a sucker.  So that lets you know how interested I am actually in oceanography and the different animals. Now, do you need more persona in your life? Well, it might be a while before Persona 6 comes across our desk, but we have some new information here from Insider, Leaker, someone we've covered up the channel before, Midori. She is actually someone with almost as good of a reputation if not as good as Pioro. Pioro being the person who's really good with Nintendo. Direct leaks and all that stuff and has a really solid track record. And then Midori being really good with Sega and Atlas leaks. More Atlas leaks than Sega, though Midori sometimes gives us more information than just what's going on at Atlas. Now the interesting part is we have Persona 3 reload release earlier this year and it instantly became the fastest selling Atlas game of all time. We'll be named million units within this first week across all platforms being PlayStation, PC, and Xbox. Unfortunately not Switch, but hey, it is what it is. We can't have everything unfortunately on my preferred platform. But what is cool is what Midori had to say and that is that Persona 1 and 2 remakes are in the works.  And Midori's like, okay, okay, let me back off that little bit. Let's just say that they will be in an updated form. So that's probably more correct to say because she doesn't want to guarantee that they're remakes even though Persona 3 reload is viewed as a remake. Some people might not view it as a remake so you don't want to get the whole remake remaster debate especially on a rumor. So Midori's just throwing out there that, hey, this is just, it's an updated form of these games in some way. Might be a remake, might not be. What's obviously fascinating of course is that we have to remember this is a rumor. And rumors are obviously meant to have the proper amount of skepticism and doubt rumors are not facts. So this isn't an announcement. This isn't a confirmation that something's coming. This is just a rumor. So take that for what you will but Midori has a very good track record and I personally don't think we'd even be covering this especially for Persona if we didn't have some faith that this could potentially be true. But again, rumors are what they are. Now, what's fascinating as well is that we really want to see these games end up on Nintendo Switch. I think that's really what we want to see or if not switch, if these games are years off, maybe switch too. Look, the Persona franchise has slowly been making its way over. We have Persona 4 Golden, the original Persona 3 Portable. We have obviously Persona 5 related stuff. So I would just like to see the Persona franchise fully be on Nintendo Switch too. That might be in the plans at Sega and Atlas but we'll have to wait and see. But you know what's in the plans? Emulators coming to Apple devices. We talked about this before and how there's actually a lot of restrictions around emulators coming to devices such as you're supposed to offer things to download. It wasn't clear if they would actually allow you to sideload apps through a web browser and that would obviously be how emulators have to work because you can't provide any applications in your emulator or any software in your emulator that you don't own the copyrights to. So there was that, which allowed Apple to skirt around not having responsibility for ROMs although they weren't clear if you could sideload and on top of that, there were some language in there that indicated that the app had to make money in some way so Apple could also get a cut whether it sold things or ran ads. Ads being the most popular way, free applications end up making money. Well, we're talking about all of this because an emulator for the Game Boy Advance slash Game Boy Color and actually the original Game Boy as well. It's an all-encompassing emulator ended up hitting the official app store in select countries. And I'm saying this because I went to try to verify all of this and then realized I'm in the United States it's not available here but I did get confirmation through other people in other countries that the app was available over the weekend in other countries and instantly rose to the top five most downloaded and popular applications in the moment. Now, nothing wrong with this inherently. Look, we're not gonna sit here and tell you about the morality of emulators or not. That's all personal choice. Legally they can exist in some forms especially in very specific countries. And these were obviously for a classic system that doesn't require encryption keys. So this isn't a Nintendo Switch emulator situation where you need access to literally encrypted keys that are copyright protected. This is just emulators that were all custom coded. Now, the funny thing about this one called the IGBA emulator is that it isn't necessarily legal either. Why can we say this? Well, this emulator turns out was stolen from somebody else and that is wild that it made it on the official Apple app store while being a stolen piece of software. Apple is literally supposed to be checking all of this stuff before they approve applications to go up. Apparently they couldn't do a basic check for just Apple related emulators to notice that there was another one with the exact same code base that's existed for even longer. How did we find this out? Well, Riley test at a user over on threads decided to chime in after watching this thing sort of the top of the charts, same. So apparently Apple approved a knockoff of GBA for iOS. The predecessor to Delta I made in high school in the app store. I did not give anyone permission to do this yet it's now sitting at the top of the charts. Despite being filled with ads and tracking which that tracking one is, that's what ads might be required but the tracking part, we'll get to that in a moment. I've bit my tongue a bunch in the past month but this really frustrates me. So glad that app review exists to protect consumers from scams and ripoffs like this. It does a face palm emoji. To be clear, I'm not pissed at the developer. I'm pissed that Apple took the time to change the app store rules to allow emulators and then approved a knockoff of my own app even though I've been ready to launch in the alt store IO with Delta since March 5th. Now the alt store is a alternative app store that you can now install on Apple devices in some European countries thanks to legislation that found that them locking down their platform to just their own app store is against the law and there's actually some similar suits happening right now in the United States that might force Apple to be a more open platform as well here in the U.S. Maybe not to the levels of Android, Apple will do everything it can to not be as open as that platform but it is what it is. Now the thing about this accusation is that's all it was was an accusation but apparently Apple agrees after these accusations went online according to MacRumors.com who went ahead and confirmed this with an Apple representative. It turns out that yes, the application has now been removed from the app store. You can't find it anymore and Apple's officially reasoning for this was on the grounds of copyright infringement. So Apple did realize after this being drawn to their attention that the application did indeed steal code from another application. So that is obviously something that the Apple app store doesn't want to happen. Now through all this whole mess obviously the big news is that emulators are going to be allowed. We just need to actually have the original code base and the original coders releasing it and I think this developer realizing that this application got approved from the app store means that his version, his new version Delta should likely get approved for the Apple app store as well not just the alternative store. There might be specific reasons he doesn't want to be on the Apple app store by the way to be on the official app store does require some form of monetization and hence the ads and he might not want to inject a bunch of ads into his emulator. That could be one reason to avoid the Apple app store but just throwing that out there. Also the fact that this application that was approved by Apple had tracking stuff in there was tracking users locations and other data. There's purposes for certain applications to have tracking data. I'll give you an example. If you guys ever use DoorDash or Eat Street or Uber Eats or any of these food delivery services even like pizza delivery services like Domino's or something like that it's understandable why they would need some tracking data to know your location so they can actually bring the food that you're ordering to you in a more accurate manner especially when some of these things have literal GPS trackers letting you see where your driver is at and your delivery driver. So that makes a lot of sense to have some tracking data. An application about playing emulators that is legally available to download from an app store in a given country shouldn't need tracking data in the actual emulator when the app store is already gonna track to make sure that you're in that country when you downloaded the app. I think that that was pretty nefarious. We have no idea what all the people that downloaded the simulator excited over the weekend. I mean it rolls up the chart so a lot of people downloaded it. What kind of data is tracking and what it's gonna do with that data? I would highly suggest if you have this application that you remove it and you wait for Delta to launch on that alternative app store go add that to your phone or wait for another more legit one to land on the app store. And the other thing is we can't just let Apple off the hook here just because they made it right in the end. Apple does have a very strict app review and has rejected other applications based on grounds way lighter than literally stealing code. It is very disappointing that Apple couldn't do basic legwork on allowing emulators on their platform by just Google searching current emulators that are made for Apple devices and noticing that the code bases line up. Apple is supposed to be reviewing all these applications before they go up to make sure they're safe for users. The fact that they let this go through with all that tracking data stuff on an application that doesn't need it and then it's stolen code on top. Look, Apple, you need to do better. This also shows that Apple does not fundamentally understand emulators and because of that, at least video game emulators that there could be more instances like this in the future and maybe other nefarious things that come through with some of these emulators that end up getting approved. Normally if some of the proof of the app store you can feel pretty confident in downloading that but now you have to start to wonder are there other applications they've approved that they maybe shouldn't have? Now, beyond that, some people want to know just how did this emulator work? You did not need to sideload games through a web browser. Actually, what you did was you would go on a computer and you would upload your ROMs through iCloud to your files folder and what the emulator did was access your files folder on your phone where you can then have all those emulators in a specific folder or whatever and access them in that way. Very clever workaround that didn't require sideloading off of your device through a website. You actually could just load it all in through the file system on your Apple device. I think that was actually a pretty clever way to make this work. Look, you guys know that I've never been a big proponent of using emulators and I know Nintendo's anti-emulator stance but for classic systems like this I've never really had a problem. These games aren't commercially available anymore so to me this doesn't really matter and I just don't want to see developers actually have their code stolen like this so credit to Apple for correcting a mistake after the fact but maybe don't make the mistake in the first place and do a better job reviewing actual applications because your app review program that's where it exists for to stop this very thing. Now we got to get into our next story here and we got to talk about a franchise that I don't know if I've ever talked about here at Nintendo Prime or at least if I have it's been a long time we're talking about Fallout. Now, yes, the biggest reason we're talking about Fallout is because of the TV show but it's actually how the TV show has impacted the video games and one thing to remember when talking about this is that the Fallout TV show is being reviewed very well four and a half stars on Amazon, 8.7 on IMDB and I don't even rotten tomatoes it has a 94% with an 88% user approval rating which let's just say everyone who's watching the show or a majority of people are absolutely loving it and that's both fans of Fallout and people who didn't even know what Fallout was this is creating that critical mass appeal that I hope the Zelda movie and other things like it do for Nintendo where you can get people who don't even play your games to come watch just because it's a really damn good movie that's what the Fallout TV series is doing over on Amazon Prime Video eight episodes long, season two's already been approved that's great so how is this impacting the video games because this is the dream for all of these game companies is when you have your licensed shows and movies do really, really well we wanna see this trickle down and affect games so we can get more sales on games and make those more popular well, according to SteamDB over on X oh boy is it ever impacting we're actually getting all this data off of a video game Chronicles article because they had some additional details and what's fascinating here is the amount of players that are playing the games Fallout 4 had the biggest rise in average players per day over the weekend it was averaging around 20,000 active players most weekends and this past weekend they were averaging over 84,000 users on Fallout 4 every day which is pretty crazy and then when you look at Fallout 76 they're always online game that was much maligned when it came out it went from 13,000 average players to actually peaking yesterday at 39,455 which is a notable number because that's the largest peak player base ever for Fallout 76 pretty crazy and then the player base also increased for older games like New Vegas which jumped from 5,000 users to 19,000 and Fallout 3 from 1,000 to 6,700 now that's obviously just dealing with Steam we have no idea what happened on PlayStation and Xbox stuff like that we're just dealing with an individual set of data that's publicly available we obviously can't just make we can make guesses I suppose but guesses aren't really going to help I would venture to say Bethesda might be bragging about some of this stuff once the hype of the series has come down to kind of note, hey, Fallout's back baby and so with that happening I think that we're going to just see that this series is going to end up getting a new game obviously which I probably was going to get anyways because it's a fairly major IP but that new game might actually have a significant boost at launch especially if it could tie itself loosely to the TV series I liked that the TV series went in a more original direction it is on my much-watched list by the way I haven't watched the whole thing but some people are doing some crazy things trying to figure out the level of characters if they were a video game and look in the end I'm actually excited to tune in this week and check out this show and I'm someone who's enjoyed some Fallout in the past I'm not like the biggest player but I did play New Vegas played the hell out of New Vegas actually and I even played that little mobile phone game they have where you're making your Fallout shelter stuff so I don't know I'm pretty excited about this but what I'm also excited about is this next story and it's exciting because of just the information that's surrounding the story rather than the story itself because it deals with the Pokemon company we know how stingy the Pokemon company can be and many aspects especially with fan games, fan projects shutting things down, etc they've done that a lot but there's some cool stuff here starting with the fact that well another person got shut down if this person is going to jail at least he's in jail right now whether or not he stays in jail, we'll see but a man was arrested in Japan for selling modified Pokemon now you might go that's a weird thing to go to jail for gosh, if you sold modified Pokemon here you might just slap on the wrist on a small little fine or they would just leave you alone because it may be it's not illegal well in Japan it is because of their unfair competition protection act of 2019 which forbids you from modifying digital data and then selling it to people this is obviously more of a copyright protection thing because they obviously feel like you shouldn't be profiting off of that well the fun thing about this story is that this person ended up according to police selling a bunch of modified Pokemon for Pokemon Scotland Violet between the dates of December 22nd through March of 2023 well he made millions of yen which is roughly tens of thousands of dollars now he was selling them for upwards of $85 USD for like the top ones he also did some cheaper packs of selling like six modified Pokemon for $25 so look it was kind of all over the place and obviously once you have all the modifications inside and you have the game hacked and it's pretty easy to modify Pokemon it's not something that is hard to do it's something that's been happening for decades with the Pokemon franchise it's just rare we hear someone get arrested for actually doing it because look it's not illegal to modify it it's illegal to then make money off it now the funny thing here is what the penalty could be the penalty could be up to five years in prison or fines that equal out to about you know $32,000 USD or both you could actually get both and these are obviously maximum penalties we have no idea if he'll get any actual prison time but what is fascinating of course is the additional context surrounding this story and that's because of an interview that was done with the literal former head of legal Don McGowan at Aftermath and he noted Pokemon's approach to fan projects and modifications and all of this stuff because they might not like it they might shut certain things down but they're not gonna press legal action most of the time and he said that it's not just about websites gaining attention for these things people have always feared that if Kotaku or IGN or us YouTubers give attention to something like Pokemon Uranium that it's gonna get it shut down because it's bringing attention to the Pokemon company but it turns out that just getting attention isn't enough for the Pokemon company to do anything about it it has to actually make money so notably what he said in the interview is this once a game garners attention or whatever is that game making money on Patreon or Kickstarter or something like that if that's the case then they would shut it down this would explain why the aforementioned Pokemon Uranium is still online so are things like Pokemon Umbam which existed as 2016 as a ROM hack that for Pokemon FireRed that acts as a massive expansion for the game or other popular ROM acts like Pokemon Garbage Green which is for Leaf Green it just adds like a whole new difficulty mode to the game well the Pokemon company's not into a lot of this stuff they aren't going to shut it down and he did note that believe it or not the Pokemon company doesn't actually like going after fans they would prefer to just kinda leave fans alone but obviously when money's involved there's legal things and legal reasons they need to do stuff about it and so that's really okay so if you're gonna make a Pokemon fan project your own Pokedex, your own this, your own that, your own modification, your own Unreal Engine version of Pokemon just don't have a Kickstarter or a Patreon or any way to fund it just do it out of love for the game not love for the game that also happens to profit you now I'm not saying you can't have a YouTube channel they don't seem to be going after YouTube channels and shutting down all the YouTube videos of this stuff Nintendo sometimes does that but what they are doing is just saying hey as long as you're not making money you're probably legally saved at least that was the case when McGowan was the head of legal for Pokemon he recently left the company late last year now that all being said obviously this has nothing to do with the way Nintendo handles things Nintendo is different and handles it separately from the Pokemon company so the Pokemon company being okay with fan projects without money doesn't mean Nintendo is we've seen Nintendo shut down a number of fan projects that weren't making money but they've also let some go think about all the Zelda Unreal Engine ones out there Nintendo doesn't seem to touch that so it makes me wonder if the Nintendo's actions on certain IPs and certain fan projects is actually based on the individual IP like if Aji Aonuma doesn't care that Unreal Engine versions of Ocarina of Time and others are floating out there even if it's not the entire game if he doesn't care then maybe Nintendo doesn't care, right? But maybe like Tezuka cares when a Mario something happens so they shut that down or maybe Mario's just considered a more valuable IP than Zelda which it probably is overall as much as all the fans might not want to hear that so I do think that it's kind of interesting how Nintendo handles things versus the Pokemon company now the Pokemon company has been very stingy in some regards but almost all of it's when money's involved I mean they even shut down a bar at one point that was doing a fan gathering and the reason apparently is it because the fan gathering for this Pokemon club thing was happening it's because there was gonna be raffles which involve money again money money money the Pokemon company doesn't want any money be in exchange with fan stuff related to Pokemon so take that for what you will Nintendo's even stingier think about like tournaments you can't even have like Nintendo characters posters at a tournament in fact I kind of wondered like if I just ran a four fun gallery in my house because I have Nintendo merch and stuff around would I actually be in trouble for that? I don't know maybe we got to call it a bake off that just happens to have smashed the drinking game in the background I don't know guys we'll have to not mess with that I don't want to get in trouble with Nintendo you can still obviously play games with your friends I'm just talking about having a larger gathering of friends alright guys you guys are amazing and awesome thank you so much for tuning in I am Nathaniel Robojans from Nintendo Prime you guys are epic awesome and amazing and I want to catch you in the next video


So, we looked at Nyquist capacity, an equation that tells us the relationship between the bandwidth of our communications channel, the number of levels that we use in the signal to transmit the data, M, and the data rate that we can achieve, how many bits per second we can deliver. Increasing the bandwidth increases our data rate, increasing the number of levels increases the data rate. That's what the equation tells us. We can calculate some values, we did that yesterday. One thing the equation doesn't tell us is that increasing the number of levels causes more errors. That's not captured in this equation because that's due to noise causes more errors. It's harder for the receiver to receive the data in that case. Because this equation, the Nyquist capacity equation assumes there is no noise. So it's true if there is no noise, just increase M, but in reality there is noise in communication systems. So we need to look at it from other viewpoints as well. The example we went through, we went through for the case, a semi-realistic case of a telephone line you have coming into your home. The bandwidth available for voice calls is 3,100 hertz and the old dial-up modems would use that bandwidth to send data instead of voice. So we calculated the Nyquist capacity for the telephone line and if we had two levels we got 6,200 bits per second then a few other examples we got down to get about 56 kilobits per second. We needed 512 levels in the transmitted signal. 56 kilobits per second was a typical data rate available for your dial-up modems. Getting higher data rate, going from 56 kilobits per second up to 100 up to 1,000 kilobits per second would require M going very, very high, which causes more errors and the trade-off was that at that small amount of bandwidth it doesn't make sense to try and send much higher data rate. So what happened with internet? When you after dial-up internet what become the way for you to access the internet? So after dial-up access people started to move to ADSL as well as cable modems. ADSL, and this is not the topic, but ADSL uses the same telephone line that is not limited to just the 3,100 hertz, ADSL took advantage of the fact that the telephone line actually allowed up to about 1 megahertz. So what ADSL did, one approach for increasing the data rates up to 1 up to 20 megabits per second, it uses a larger bandwidth. So the advantages in technology made that possible. But what if there's noise? So that's the example we went through. The question is, well how much capacity can we achieve if there's noise in the system? And Shannon came up with another relationship between bandwidth and capacity that depends upon noise, which is more realistic because in every communication system there is noise. The equation given here, the bandwidth times log in base 2 of 1 plus SNR. What's SNR? B is bandwidth, C is the capacity that we calculate, SNR is the signal-to-noise ratio. So we'll talk about that first, give a couple of examples of SNR and then we'll see it's quite easy to calculate capacity and to rearrange this formula to solve some problems. Similar to noise ratio, SNR is quite simply the received signal power divided by the received noise power. So our signals, we measure the strength of those signals. The data signal that was transmitted, we receive something, so we measure the strengths. And similarly we can measure the strength of the noise that we receive from others. And SNR is just the ratio between those two. So let's look at some examples of how we measure signals and how we may express the strength of signals and then calculate SNR for some examples. In the past examples we've spoke about, we've given plots of, we said S of t, S of t was the transmitted signal. We had an equation for the signal as a function of time. What were the units I used to indicate the signal strength? Remember the time-domain plots on the x-axis we have time and on the y-axis we have what? Signal strength measured in what units? Volts is some of the, I think is what I used in the earlier slides. So measured in volts. That's the signal strength, so it goes from say minus one volt up to plus one volt. But we can also convert volts to watts, a watt. And power is also measured in, or the signal strength also measured in watts. Why? If you remember your relationship that power in watts is voltage times amps. So if you know the volts, the number of volts, you know that the number of amps in the system then you can determine the power in watts. So there's a proportional relationship between volts and watts. So often we mix sometimes volts, sometimes watts. But it measures the strength, the height of the signal. In fact in most of the examples from now on we'll talk about watts. So we talk about the strength of a signal in the peak amplitude, same measured in watts. So let's say we transmit a signal, TX to transmit. And let's say we measure the strength of that signal and it's 10 watts. That is the peak strength of that signal is 10 watts. We transmit the signal. Remember the signal attenuates over distance. So we transmit the signal and the power, the strength gets weaker over distance. So we can talk about receiving the, at the receiver, we can talk about the, this signal is received, we can say it's the attenuated signal, alright, the attenuated. That is the signal given the attenuation across the link. The power of that received attenuated signal is going to be less than the transmitted one. So how much less, we don't really know yet. We'll see in a later topic we can calculate that under some conditions. But at this stage I'm just going to make up a number and say our attenuation is a factor of 2. Which means if we transmit at 10 watts we have, the attenuated signal is half of the transmitted one. So we receive at 5 watts. Just as an example. It depends on many factors. Distance, frequency, antennas in wireless systems and other main things. So in this example I'm just saying we transmit at 10 watts and assuming no noise we would receive a signal which is 5 watts in strength. But there is noise. So we can also measure noise, treat noise as a signal. The noise signal, we could measure how strong the noise is as well. And express that in watts. What is noise? From the perspective of the receiver, so someone transmits me a signal. From my perspective that transmitted signal that I receive, the attenuated one is the data. The noise is all the other transmissions I receive. So for example in this class when I'm talking I'm transmitting a signal from your perspective, hearing my voice is the data, that's the attenuated signal that you receive. From all the other people talking, from the air conditioners, from the door shut, shutting and so on, that's noise. That all combines to be noise from your perspective. So everything else that you hear is noise relative to the data you receive. So noise can be in a communication system, we've talked about different factors. There's thermal noise, there's noise from some impulse or spike, there's noise from other signals, other transmissions. Let's say we can measure the total strength, the strength of the total noise and we measure it to be, let's start simple, one watt. So the receiver receives the data at a strength of five watts and receives the noise at a strength of one watt, the signal to noise ratio is just the ratio of those two values. When we, the word signal in the signal to noise ratio refers to the attenuated or received data signal. Signal to noise ratio, SNR for short, in this case is five watts divided by one watt, the attenuated signal received divided by the noise received. And the watts cancel out so it becomes dimensionless, it's just a ratio of five, there are no units there. Simply means that the received data signal is five times larger than the noise and the signal to noise ratio has an impact upon how fast we can receive or how fast we can transmit our data across the link. Increasing the noise relative to the signal will reduce the amount of data that we can receive. We tried this example I think last week when I speak at some level, someone at the back could hear me, if I speak at the same level, the same signal level, but other people start talking, the noise increases then it becomes harder for the person at the back to hear me. So less information gets communicated as the noise starts to increase. And that's what the Shannon capacity equation captures. So the first point signal to noise ratio, the ratio between the received data signal here I've listed it as the attenuated signal, the transmit signal taking into account any attenuation across the link divided by the amount of noise we receive. So it's measured at the receiver. Don't get confused if I tell you the transmitted signal is 10 watts, you don't necessarily use that here, you need to look at the received signal. So in the Shannon capacity equation, if we know the bandwidth of the link, if we know the signal to noise ratio for that link at the receiver, we can determine the capacity as B times log base 2 of 1 plus SNR. Let's do a quick example, very easy one. Different example where we have, and I think it's in your lecture notes, there's a slide we have, or it's very similar. We have a transmitted signal, we transmit a signal and let me try and plot in the frequency domain, the spectrum. The frequency ranges in megahertz from 3 up until 4 megahertz. That's the plot in the frequency domain of the signal transmitted. And to keep it simple to get started, let's say we know across that link that we have an SNR of 251. It's not the same as your lecture notes, but you'll see the relationship shortly. Find the capacity. Spend a couple of minutes to find how fast can I send bits through this channel using this signal. Use the Shannon capacity equation. You'll need to know the bandwidth, you'll need to know SNR. Well, basically, I've given you SNR. The bandwidth you'll obtain from the frequency domain plot. What is the bandwidth of our signal transmitted? One watt, not one watt, one unit. Megahertz. So this is not related to Shannon, but the spectrum ranges from 3 megahertz up to 4 megahertz, so the bandwidth is 1 megahertz. So now you can just plug those values into the Shannon capacity equation. Where do we go? B, the bandwidth, 1 megahertz. 1 million hertz. So B is 1 million, 10 to the power of 6. SNR is 251. Plug them in and get the answer for the capacity. And the answer is, anyone? B is 1 mega, 10 to the power of 6. 1 million times log base 2, 1 plus 251. 1 million times log base 2 of 252. Which is about, it's about 8, correct? Log of 252, this is, which is about 256. And you know your computer scientists, you know that 256, the power of 8 is 256. So log in base 2 of 256 is 8. So log in base 2 of 252 is slightly less than 8. 7.9 something. You'll use your calculator to find it. But I will approximate. Log of base 2 of 252 is approximately 8. So we get 8 times 1 million, which is 8 million or 8 megabits per second. Easy to apply the Shannon capacity equation. The only challenge really is knowing when to use it. Because now we have two equations, Nyquist and Shannon. They both tell us the capacity. But which one do we use? Well, the hint is, look at the information that you know. In this question, we knew the signal to noise ratio. And we knew the bandwidth. Well, Shannon capacity equation relates the signal to noise ratio bandwidth capacity. So use the Shannon capacity equation. The Nyquist capacity equation relates bandwidth number of levels M and capacity. So if you know the number of levels, but not the signal to noise ratio, then Nyquist is the way you go. Let's try Nyquist now. Let's say we want to achieve 8 megabits per second. That's what I want. The bandwidth is 1 megahertz. How many levels do I need in my transmitted signal? So we're given a data rate. Given C is 8 megabits per second. Given B is 1 megahertz. How many levels do I need in my transmitted signal? What should M be? So now let's apply Nyquist capacity equation to work out another factor in this. This was using Shannon's equation. What about the Nyquist equation? Capacity is 2 times the bandwidth log base 2 of M, the number of levels. We know the capacity we want to achieve, 8 million, 8 by 10 to the power of 6. We know the bandwidth that we have available, 2 times 1 megahertz, 1 by 10 to the power of 6, times log base 2 of M. Find M. 8 million equals 2 million times log base 2 of M. So 8 million divided by 2 million is 4. So 4 equals log base 2 of M. Find M. Just bring the 2 million to the other side and it becomes 4 equals log base 2 of M, which means M equals 16. 2 to the power of 4 equals 16. So log in base 2 of 16 equals 4. This tells us if we have 1 megahertz of bandwidth and we want to achieve 8 megabits per second, we need at least 16 levels in our transmitted signal. If we had less, we'd never be able to achieve 8 megabits per second. If I had 8 levels with 1 megahertz, I would only be able to achieve what? 2 by 3, 6 megabits per second. So we need at least 16 levels in our signal to achieve the data rate we want. I say at least because these are theoretical models of the relationship between bandwidth and capacity. They are limits. So the Nyquist equation says if the conditions are perfect, there's no noise whatsoever, then if you had 16 levels and a bandwidth of 1 megahertz, you would achieve 8 megabits per second. But in practice, there are other factors. There is noise. So it just tells us what's the lower limit of the number of levels. In practice, we need to use more than 16 to achieve the appropriate data rate. So we use these two equations to work out some limits. In practice, we may not be able to achieve those limits, but we can get close. So it gives us an approximation of how fast we can send data. It doesn't give us the exact value. If you have a link which has 1 megahertz bandwidth and you transmit a signal which has 16 levels, you're not guaranteed in practice to get 8 megabits per second. In theory, yes, if there's no noise. But in practice, there are other things that this equation doesn't capture. So it's used for a quick calculation of how fast we can send under some conditions. Back to our slide. So what do we see from Shannon capacity? Increasing the bandwidth, B, increases the data rate. Same trend that we saw with Nyquist. But the Shannon capacity equation takes into account also signal and noise. So remember, SNR is in fact signal power divided by noise power. So increasing the signal power makes SNR go up. If SNR goes up, the capacity goes up. So increasing the signal power while everything else is the same increases the data rate. But if you increase the noise, keeping the signal power constant, keeping the bandwidth constant, but just increase the noise, SNR will go down and the capacity data rate will go down. So there are three factors in play there. Bandwidth, the signal power and noise. There are some other things, a game which are not captured in this equation, but true in practice. Increasing the bandwidth allows for more noise. So we said increasing the bandwidth increases the data rate, but in practice, the larger the bandwidth, the more noise. The more noise brings this factor down and brings our capacity down. So in practice there's a trade-off there. Also increasing the signal power increases noise to others into modulation noise here. An example of that is when I'm talking, I have the microphone on, you can hear me, but we say increasing the signal power, if I turn up the volume, that will make the data capacity the data rate better. Increasing the signal power increases the data rate. But what's the problem if I turn up the volume here? If we just keep turning up the volume so the signal power gets higher and higher, what's the problem? A practical problem. Assuming we have a perfect amplifier, there's no echo or distortion. The problem is that maybe the people downstairs or the room down the corridor start to hear me, which is really causing interference to their transmissions. So the people in the next lecture room start to hear my transmission, which they don't want to hear. So my transmission from their perspective is noise. So as we increase the signal power, we start to cause noise to other people. So that's the problem there. Any questions on Nyquist capacity or Shannon capacity? You'll see in the lecture notes, actually, next slide, the example we went through. We just went through this example, except in the question on the slide, the SNR is expressed as 24 dB. But in the question I went through, I said it was 251. We haven't explained decibels yet. We'll do that now.


Welcome back to Exotic Wine Travel. I am your host Matthew Horky. Hi, I'm Shireen Todd. Welcome back to the show today. We've got an exciting show with some exciting white wines today. Some other white grapes from Santa Barbara County. We have two Vionnes and a Gruner Veltliner from Santa Barbara County. Very cool, right? Before we get started on this video, I want to let you know this video has not been paid for in any way shape or form, but if you do like these videos, this video series, you find value in it. Check out our guide, The Wines of Santa Barbara, called Sipping Santa Barbara, Recommended Wines and Producers. I'll put that up on the screen here. So let's get ready to taste these wines. I've extracted these wines with our Corvind Model 2 Elite. Thank you so much Corvind for letting us use this. We're pouring into these beautiful Gabriel Gold hand-blown glasses. If you stay tuned to the video, there will be a discount code for Gabriel Glass at the end of the video. Ready to get started? Let's get started. First wine up, we have Amp for Vionne. It's a grape that we like very much. I love the great Candrieu from North Rome. I love those wines. I haven't had a ton of them, but what I've tasted, I've liked. We don't really bump up. We don't come across Vionne very much in our exotic when we travel to these exotic wine countries. Maybe Cyprus. And even when we do, I mean, even in Croatia, so you get maybe just one producer or two producers exploring or experimenting with it. Yeah, so we're really excited. We have three producers with a lot with really, really good track record. First is Amp for Vionne, the Golden Ratio. Is it Phi or Phi? Phi, Phi, Phi, Phi, the Golden Ratio. 2016, this is from their Ampelos Vineyard. The first vineyard in America to be certified biodynamic, organic and sustainable farming. Let me give you some of this. New release here. I'm really excited. The first time we visited Ampelos, when we were doing research for our guides to the Wine Ascent of Arbor County, I was pleasantly surprised. What about you? Yeah, I was as well because it has generalizing of their wines, right? It has very good amount of fruit, but it's very balanced with a little bit of savory tone to them. Let's give this a go. I can already smell it from here. This is very typical Vionne to me. Lots of yellow flower. Pineapple. Pineapple, lemon. Yellow peach. Mineral watery. Kind of Malvasia, estimate. That's a little bit of mineral tone to it, yeah. It's very pretty nose, right? Like floral, fruity. I think a lot of people are gonna like it. Let's give this a go. Now that you mentioned Malvasia, it does indeed have a little bit of that almond seed and bitterness to the nose as well. Good start to the show. What do you think? I'm liking Vionne, usually is it high in acidity? Just like a lot of those rum grapes, but this has a certain crispiness, a tank. Does it have like a crispiness, a juiciness, like a juiciness factor? Not uber complex, but to me very delicious. What do you think? I like the acidity. I think that should be quite a fabulous juice sugar, but it's very balanced by the acidity. It's still a dry wine. Yeah, that's why I love the tension between both. It's a very good balance. It's delicious. For me, this is gonna appeal a lot of people. Right fruit flavors, floral notes, crispiness, I'm really enjoying it. I'm gonna say 3.9 out of 5 on Vivino. Once again, I just score on Vivino for my own personal reference. Everybody's palates different, we think. Lovely. Yeah. It's a nice, nice one. I like the tactile feel in the mouth. Let's move on. We have an iconic producer, the Ohio Vineyard, from Ventura County, Vionne, Roll Ranch Vineyard, 2016, Adam Tomak and Fabian Castell are the winemakers. Adam is very famous, worked at Zac Amesa and helped Jim Clinton and start Obam Clamante. And you like this producer, right? Very much, yeah. Known for making more European-centric wines. This is his Vionne, so I am really excited. I have not had this vintage. Let's give it a smell. There's a lot more clarity in this one compared to the Ampalos. Ampalos was much more ripe fruit. This rolls into 25 US dollars. This is 28 US dollars. This has more yogurt. No, it's more contact-lease. When I say yogurt, for those you don't know, after the wine ferments and the leaves settle to the bottom, a lot of people keep the wine on the leaves to give it more of a creamy flavor, a little bit more texture. Do you know if this was an oak, I would think it is. Yeah, yeah, just a touch of it. I get quite a fable of spiciness on the nose. Really spicy. It's almost like you have these fruit flavors, but add yogurt and some cinnamon from the barrel-type deal. Yeah, I also get dried green herbs, probably dill or something. It's more viscous in the glass. This Vionne is actually pretty clear. Let's give this a pretty light color. A fable of salinity in the mauve as well. Good finish. Really long-finished. This is going to be for someone that wants something a little bit more fresher, crisper, fruitier. This wine has just a touch more complexity, both very good though. What would you say about you have a preference so far between the Vionne? I agree with you. I would have them for different occasions, but I think generally this is more of my style. But this is a Vionne that I completely understand. This is for I to be correct and more closer to what I know. For my palate, this is what I want to drink. For my family that enjoys wine, they don't know a time about wine, but they want something good, I would give them this. Let's give you a test later and see how. You're not going to disappoint anyone with this. We have 4.0 out of 5 on this. I think it's pretty darn delicious. You know what's funny about these videos that we're doing for Santa Barbara, right? I keep wanting to take a sip of the wine because it's so good. The wines are so good. Let's move on shall we? Okay. So the next one we have a winemaker that has been so kind to us during our entire process of writing the book, helping us get some of these samples. She's been very supportive. Kathy Joseph from the fiddle head sellers, the Gruner Beltliner, 28 US dollars, 2014 from her fiddle sticks vineyard. I am excited to taste this, right? You love her so much because even when I read her email, I can feel her stereo enthusiasm. And she was so excited to share with us that she has Gruner Beltliner, an Austrian grape that we are very high on. Cherine loves. We actually just got back from Slovakia where there was tons of Gruner Beltliner. Zelenac Veltinski, is that what they call it? And really good. Let's give this a little bit of a go. Interesting. It's snappy like Gruner Beltliner. It has pepper for me. Wow, I'm not sure if I sniff this, I would be able to immediately know that it's Gruner. No, it's riper. For me, like Gruner Beltliner has lime and pepper. For me, this is more kind of pineapple and pepper. It's not as rich in ripe as this, but lemon, lemon, white pepper, maybe like a green mango green pineapple where this is like full out ripe pineapple. This is typical very Gruner actually, very green on the nose. I'm liking the nose a lot. Gruner Beltliner from Santa Barbara. Let's give this a go. I love the integration of oak. Just really slight hint on the flavor, but it gives weight in the mouth. Snappy as in the peppery finish. Very good. This part of this was actually whole cluster fermentation. I think part of it was barrel fermented. Part of it was in stainless steel after it. Regardless, it's delicious wine. What do you think of it? I love the SVT in the mouth. Very typical Gruner.  It's got this tingling sensation. Just like her, this wine is snappy, acidity, has some energy. Anything else that you want to add on this? I think it's very good. To me, I'm 4.1, maybe 4.2 if you twisted my arm out of 5. So very good wine. We're talking about 4.2, 4.0, 3.9, and 5. All excellent wines today. Anything else? What do you think about these? Yeah, I like all these wines a lot. I mean, it depends on the occasion. I think you knew it just now that this wine has a lot of energy. This one is much more mineral driven whereas this is more accessible, more fruit front kind of wine. Strong episode today. Awesome. You know what's going to happen? I'm going to actually flash the discount code for these one for Gabriel Glass Stemware on the screen right now. You can get the standard machine blown glass decanter. We are not affiliates. It's just our offer up to you. One last note. So if you are going to Santa Barbara, don't just stick with Chardonnay for white wines. I know the Chardonnay from Santa Barbara is amazing, but there are a lot of other white wines that you can really enjoy. Yeah, and check out our guide to the wines of Santa Barbara, Sipping Santa Barbara. I will put that up on the screen right now. Guys, if you like this video, please subscribe to our YouTube channel, Exotic Wine Travel. I will see you at the next episode.


What's up everybody, it's Jason here for jaspyscasebreaks.com. We just sold out the last filler to unlock 10 spots inspector first off the line basketball We're giving them away in this 1920 Pinini Hoops premium stock multi-pack cello break number 59 random teams Hey guys first we do the break randomize the customer names and teams distribute the hits out Then at the end of the break we'll take all the customer names and the top 10 will win a spot in the break itself Which will be coming up next which is right here So good luck Just roll the dice and do the break first three to four seven times one two three four five six seven Joshua Donna Joshua seven times here one two three four five six seven Spurs down on the magic Okay, I stick to what you got just straight up like that. I'll give you guys like 30 seconds to see your teams Again, no trades Cody Martin a little John Marant. There you go And this is gonna Michael a little RJ Barrett as well. Very nice Jimmy Butler. We got a green Kevin Love and flippers Lou Williams right there and let's go with your bonus pack Kuzma Murray called off all right.  Good luck top ten get in guys dice roll it We got ourselves a one and a six seven times top ten get in. Good luck one two three four five six and seven boom seven times Joshua Robert Robert Joshua Michael Robert Robert Joshua Joshua and Joshua there you go So that was The break right there Appreciate it guys coming up next is the break itself. Josh these case breaks.com


One of the greatest mathematicians and astronomers in the 14th century India, Madhava, linked the idea of infinite series with geometry and trigonometry. He was able to formulate infinite series expansions for sine, cosine, arctan, and even pi. So you see these expansions here? You know the one that we call the power series expansions, but nope, they're actually called the Madhava series. This is the Madhava sine series, this is the Madhava cosine series, and this is the Madhava arctangent series. But if he did find this, then why didn't Madhava get the credit himself? We can't find his work. The only sources were the mathematicians who referenced him. Newton and Libnitz and other Western mathematicians were 300 years too late.


We have to change. We have a lot of experimentation, a lot of learning to do. We cannot wait to move out. We have to change. We have to move out now. And we have to preserve enough to learn in the future over the coming years to make sure we get it right. My major concern is modernization. We have to be able to distribute laterally, at the tactical to operational level in a way we have not been challenged to do in the past. We're going to see a lot of our investments in ground, aerial and surface reconnaissance. If we're going to compete, and we're going to deter, much of who has an advantage is decided in the reconnaissance counter reconnaissance sort of effort. We're turning our ship to make a Marine Corps that we will need 10 years from now.


Everybody forced tier ripping 2022 top shrimp update series base while hobby 12 box full case number 11 It's a random division style results can always be found at latent sports cards calm. Good luck everybody. Let's get started Nice, you know, we'll good luck with whatever you choose. You're gonna get it to rip at home So it was like right on my chest It's right there Sam said it up weird Like using right now anyway, whatever All right, here we go y'all Loach on my hands is morning, but I think I should have put some on again Daniel Jones versus Colts. Yeah, that's a pretty good matchup. Yeah, the Colts look Minchie versus Saints is kind of tough It's not the best pretty versus Raiders pretty versus Raiders. Good. I'd probably in birdie. Yes We'll do a numbered card and auto recap at the end here I'll be Whit base rash debut purple Really Rodriguez all-star game AOS there Maranaccio rookie purple one second. I want to adjust something here That should be yeah, I'm starting to deck against Tennessee tomorrow over Lawrence versus Houston Purple rookie Nick plumber Mets. He was unsurprisingly good at defending the pass. They just can't stop the run So but I'm starting at the end for sure purple rookie Luke Williams for the Marlins Am I crazy about thinking about starting cam makers? I don't know. I don't know what happened, but I like it purple redembers debut I just have some some in matchups and now I'm like Cam makers is starting in my fantasy championship after I haven't started them all here Ricky purple Lucius Fox my dynasty, so I've had the whole season Upenia purple rookie payante for the NL central Yeah, Mike. I mean Herbert's the worst out of all of them Purple rookie George Kirby Mariners. Hey, I'll West That's that's that's how I feel super Purple rookie Bautista for the Orioles, then it just becomes a running game Kluber purple rookie Bryce Alder braves Yeah, I mean that's that's a pretty hungry Rams team. They want to Like that's a team that doesn't have a first-round pick.  So they're pretty much just like Let's go win games like all the starters are out all the studs are out Let's just let's go win football games if we can Purple rookie Joey wins Tigers. I mean any no Baker wants to try and win They'll be pushing. They'll be motivated. I think purple mania Joey Bart over over Justin Herbert, of course Aqua Louise Guillorme NLE's number 203 of 250 Purple Hernandez Alec Thomas purple NL West rookie You'll be there LA versus LA. Yeah, should be good. I was thinking about starting Chargers D But I think I'm gonna sit Chargers D start Giants D. I just can't trust a Chargers D. I cannot trust it They should do good, but I I'm gonna go Giants defense. I think Purple rookie Montero Rockies NL West Purple rookie debut Abrams NL West Pena base Purple rookie a gate debut Arias Yeah, who do they play the Colts? Pilkington rookie purple Guardians. That's what we just talked about. Yeah, I'll take Giants versus Colts I have my dynasty got picked up like five defenses down the stretch Oh God defense has been say Suzuki purple Madi Ava tricky asshows.   Oh, yeah I mean Safford will come back next year. You would think Josh Wender purple rookie for the AL central Yeah, we were watching that CW you're watching the post game right now Purple Chris Archery is 20 goals through how many games have they played? It's crazy purple rookie debut Shane Boz Purple rookie Torquilson AL central Holland was ready man. He was watching the world tough. He's ready to score some goals Purple Joe Perez AL West Yeah, I'll probably show you guys my starting lineup at some point tonight. I'm gonna go Dak I got Barclay mixing at TN. It's a three flex half PPR league. It's dynasty My receivers been tough this year I just got I'm starting to Mario Cooper and Chris Godwin in the championship purple rookie Kato the AL East I might have to find a new kicker Harrison butler just doesn't kick enough field goals. It's the chiefs are always scoring touchdowns. It's terrible Blooper fracture Chris Archer AL central with his shirt basically halfway off To 199 how many more buttons must he unbutton? There are children in the stands Time Lord purple Nick Pabetta Yeah, that yeah, the select are doing better, but I will always talk smack that the magic one back-to-back games against the Celtics I don't care about the circumstances. They did it I know West rookie purple Elliott Ramos Missed me with those circumstances. I don't care Back-to-back in Boston purple rookie Royce Lewis for the AL central Yeah, and you know McVay can make Baker like pretty good. You know what I mean like You he can take Baker and make him pretty decent. He took golf to a Super Bowl Make they could get it done with Baker Maybe this is what Baker needed like five years ago Yeah, maybe purple Cole sands rookie AL central. He really did never have any stability in Cleveland to be fair They changed coaches in offense quarters every single season. It was all a mess there though It's all a mess there And like I mean Goff's not bad. Goff's fine. Like he's doing well with the Lions, but Baker's also not as bad as he looked in Carolina this year. Like Carolina's just in pit of despair Pit of misery dilly-dilly, that's Carolina Purple rookie debut Jeremy Pena AL West Purple rookie Cooper Hummel NL West Yeah, he'll probably be a bat. He probably back up somewhere again I don't think anyone's gonna look for him as like a starter Policy OS rookie purple for the AL central. Maybe it's like a team. That's you know need to placeholder They're gonna try to get the top pick next year Purple rookie all your almost debut NL West Yeah, drew I wouldn't do it save your money purple debut. Hulia Rodriguez AL West wouldn't do it Dang Leedsville the 15th. Jeez, dude. Purple Renee Pinto AL East rookie Purple as the car rookie NL West. Yeah, I I think football is mostly a TV sport I've like the atmosphere is great when you're live and There's certain things about it that are for sure better But especially this time of year when the weather's kind of crappy outside and without what have what the prices are watch them home Luke Voight now if money is expendable just go to the game but Most of us don't have that so watch it home and all these tricky purples. I'm who's the yachty 30 bucks apart 15 bucks for a beer 200 bucks just to get in the game most places Per person Nachos another 15 bucks, you know a rookie purple hulia Rodriguez AL West There we go Red Sox refractor rich hill number to 299. Yeah, there are some markets where you can go for affordable prices for sure Because like you can go there Purple Adrian Martinez Yeah, like I'm sure you could go to a Panthers game for not that much money to be fair Especially week 17 Yeah, you can probably go to the week 17 Panthers game Depending on who they're playing and probably not pay that much money Dude hockey is so good in person Hockey is impeccable in person Purple Jake Marisnik even up there is pretty decent, but if you can get like Fairly decent hockey seats. Just the the sounds the feel the atmosphere of it. Is it awesome? Yeah, it's fun Baseballs like that too though as far as like viewership in person. It just has so much of a different feel in person Purple timey Romero rookie for the AL East That was kind of like our Stephen Kwan Torkelson purple rookie Ryland Bannon for the AL East to the mudhands kind of like yeah That's probably the equivalent like solar bears for hockey down here. Yeah purple hunter green debut and Alcentral This cheat ticket something to do other land of solar bears here. That's always fun Yeah, but even then like the minor league hockey games. I don't know there's like a little more to it You get to be closer and You know at least down here in the south the arenas aren't packed So you can go and kind of have like space and dude like my wife and I will just go to the solar bears games We'll just go like the standing area and just hang out there the whole time because you still get a decent view purple Austin Nola close through the bars and like the food options, you know Well for that purple and water Rodriguez. I'm assuming they have like Certain sections is for seating or the drum really Like And yeah, you still have to get like see have to get ticketed seats, but like we'll just get like take it Then we'll just go hang on the standing area. It's not too busy. Oh Purple Brad Miller. Oh, yeah for sure. Do you just go sit right near the ice if there's space available What's the time sometimes it gets busier like on the weekends? That's not really the case, but I Do it only weekday game weeknight games. Oh, yeah Chillin purple Jorge Solaire Abrams Savale purple Dude, that's awesome You got upgraded a sit between the Kings and Lightning bench, dude I would I would love to have those seats one day Julio Rodriguez Sitting near a hockey bench would be amazing because they're always talking crap It's so different and like basketball Football on the opposite ends based all the dugouts are across the diamond What a hockey It's a non-stop too. It's so good. I wish they hadn't they had a like a paid TV If they did a paid TV option to where they were like mic up the benches and have like a little cam on the benches I'm like the side of the screen for watching at home. I'd pay it. I'd pay it every time Oh and Miller auto for the a all central Base auto there purple rookie Ryan Pepe up for the NL West. I'd pay it every time purple Chris Bryant Well, I spent five bucks this game and you can listen to the whole he lives in the benches the entire time I'm in sign me up Purple Jonathan VR And you'll know why some guy gets a glove in a space or some guy gets punched rookie purple Jason Creson NL West. Oh, yeah, for sure Jake would be like parental like your discretion advised That's why I'd have to be like a separate option All those hockey fans are a little crazy though. So we'd pay it. We would love it It's like if you like watching professional wrestling because of like the the banter. Yeah, and like a drama Just Just do that boy. Just do the hockey just do the hockey part of it. It's for real Nester Cortez nasty nester Okay, so remember some baseball sold out for tonight got basketball breaks tonight. Uh contenders optic pyts. I think is all that's up for basketball Some good teams left too from what I saw purple Tyler melee Tony all-star Carlos Correa Robinson Cherino is purple too early prediction for alcs nlcs that's a little early let's say rookie debut Nick Ladolo Number eight of 25 nice card nl central Getting reds and update as far as the non-autos are going to be number to 25 Nice little dole there nl central Purple Dustin may Let's see. I'm gonna say the Mets or the National League. I think even if they don't sign Correa. I think They're good enough To go the National League is tough though because you got the Braves You got the Phillies the Mets the Dodgers the Padres And somebody's got to do good in the central, right? So that's tough. I'll say Mets though. I think I think all that money will equal At least an nl at least a pennant Jake Walsh and l nl central We'll see though. We'll see what happens and then American League pennant I'm gonna say Sawinsky al west I'm gonna say That's the tough Thomas debut Mike Zanino al east base auto Yeah, I'll say Astros. I'm gonna say Astros. Alex. Uh, Fayeto rookie purple al central Say Mets Astros Everybody would hate that world series Purple Jordan low blow Be rude against both teams purple rookie abrams nl west Yeah, I'll say astros Mets Red Sox for sure. Mike. Yeah Yeah As a red Sox fan, I can guarantee you Actually, I won't guarantee it baseball is weird. I won't guarantee it, but I mean, let's see it, right? Purple rookie says azuki nl central Pirates rangers. Okay. The rangers is not that crazy though because of The players they have there that's not crazy to me That's in the for sure realm of possibilities. I'll compete for the playoffs Oh, yeah, they got cluber, I forgot. Oh man Wait, what year is it? Is it 20 if it's 2016 then heck? Yeah, we got cluber Purple rookie bobby wit jr. Al central Yeah, exactly. Exactly. Marciano It's it's too weird to tell. I'm just guessing based on like What people have done And a gromper for starts Royce Lewis, Sean Doolittle Yeah, Rangers wouldn't be that crazy They were they were In in the hunt for a while last year and I think they'll kind of put it together this year And if they can get some contributions from some of their prospects, like they have a lot of top 100 prospects right now They can get some of those guys get called up and start making contributions I think they can push for a playoff spot for sure. If not even just win the west. I mean, it's not that crazy, right? Purple coal urban still expect the ash shows to win it just because it's consistency Mariners might have higher upside but Ash shows for consistency sake In a baseball season should win the al west Purple rookie Jeremy Pena al west Yep, you can never know. I've I've seen too many teams just That don't have that much talent on paper and they just win a lot of ball games You see it all the time purple jerks and pro far See where it injuries you see it's the most up and down sport for sure a year a year Year over year for players. Miranda rookie purple for the al central One year guy will you know start 30 games and have Sub-3 era the next year he could have like a 480 array Raising start deal with injuries Guy could hit 31 30 you home runs one year. He'd hit You know 120 the next Same amount of games hit worse all that stuff Purple mckinsey gore nl west rookie for to grom starts purple angel mccutchen Ramos gonsolin Anthony Rizzo on the base auto Yankees You go Yankees al east rookie purple joe dunant dunn dunn dunant John gomes What do you guys think alcs nlcs Purple tailor walls You can see the mariners do it the white socks and I finally put something together although they didn't do anything all off season, but I think they're gonna have better structure this year. They won't have Larusa. They won't have Larusa. Think about that Yeah Cardinals nlcs. Let's get pick Erin judge all-star purple Jesus Sanchez purple connor joe Purple rookie hunter green nl central Yeah, the nationally central is just gonna be I feel like so easy for them to win all right halfway through Purple rookie jake walsh Erling holland purple rookie debut steven kwan al central nelson cruise purple jack suynski nl central Julia rogeri gets rookie purple led misdiaz Purple rookie debut alec thomas purple rodan Purple mj melendez al central rookie Purple rookie debut jaren duran Purple rookie debut joe ryan Come on super fracter anderson severino al central rookie purple Turn that into a gold nick allen rookie al west purple watch this watch them That's so crazy Is that the hatchery guy? A rookie auto tommy romero for the al east He didn't have a hatchery. I thought he did Two goals I got like two notifications that were kind of like the same thing. So that's why I got confused. It's like, oh, we scored again They scored again. I was like, oh, that's quick purple connor filetha Yeah, I would think so mike I don't know what the raiders are gonna do I will say one thing if they want to get rid of uh, mc daniels The patris will just give him the offense according to your position immediately pale central rookie purple bobby wedge junior like immediate hire like Purple carlos correa get him back there that mac will look good again. I can almost guarantee you get me daniels back there mac will look fine again Whole team gonna look fine again Maybe not like lights out but competent, you know, not as many three and ounce josh donaldson The ones last time we saw a swing that big where it's like just about the same personnel for an offense Like the greater leaves and then they're just like Not anywhere near as good like I don't know if I've ever seen a swing like that Yeah, they look like a totally different team where it's essentially the same personnel They lost nobody a receiver Like they lost nobody at running back O-line they lost shack mason Which is tough Ah crazy Whit debut purple rookie sayasizuki and el central act just losing a step I thought it was at first and you keep watching you're like I don't know. I don't know man. Should have bought the dip Yeah, probably my clevenger Yeah, Mike. Yeah, I mean, yeah, it is but what are you gonna do? Purple rookie bobby wedge junior al central People act crazy under pressure, right? Hand the ball to jake up super fun on kinder for lefa do little purple Tyler malei Guys excited for moment transcendent. You guys see the cut auto checklist yet Carlos Correa robins and charinos luscious fox rookie auto and el east Here you go and a purple debut al west julio rodriguez Noice j rod. You've had some nice, uh Some nice rookies rene pinto. There's a base debut julio rodriguez I've had a few uh, suzuki's a few wits azucar purple there A few j rods a few quans purple debut vedal brujan last time it's 16 bobby wits luke voyte mousyati and el east rookie purple al central rookie purple alex fayedo purple rookie nls cj abrams abram's debut randal gritchick All right, let's check out our spots here Just keeping in mind everybody personals are full tonight. They were full before uh, I left last night So anything ordered? I think today is gonna go tomorrow I'm pretty sure They are filling up quick for tomorrow though. So just keep that in mind And then for personals it's tonight thursday night after group breaks and friday night after group breaks That's it until at least monday Uh saturday we won't do personals. It's only transcendent that night and then sunday no breaks for new year's day Just the fyi on that everybody so we'll be a little backed up probably going into into next week Nine to go on contenders optic half case number 29 Football the origins half cases have six and eight. There's still seven to go on select football divisions One to go on in tee football divisions. I guess let's get these filled up not a whole lot left tonight But still some good spots man good teams left in contenders optic and some big football breaks as well purple martin parez jayrod debut purple steven kwan al central purple marcus stroman We need a big hit these last these last four boxes here. I want to see something crazy Really low number j rod or witt or a crazy auto get otani or something Otani judge akunya purple cal bradish rookie Gabriel r.e.s purple rookie al central sasizuki mad duffy purple debut nick ledolo Purple rookie debut wander franco al east. Hey, there we go rookie refractor bobby witt jr 216 of 299 al central Fantastic card there Very awesome hit for william f bobby witt jr rookie refractor Purple rookie ethan roberts nl central Purple juan diran purple purple juan diran purple. That's what I said That is what I said al central purple purple purple juan diran purple For the purple al purple central. It's pretty purple Peña base sasuki base and a purple jp sears al east rookie Freddie freeman all-star purple jesse winker bobby witt jr purple francisco morales No, no one-on-ones yet. Hopefully some to come purple kevin smith al west ricky Tough to hit me. What's our super fracter odds in here? It is base super fracter one of every four hundred four thousand packs That's a lot of packs man Autos one of every fifty eight thousand packs. Yeah, everything will ship from this one Everything will ship from this break All those rookies for your division All the vets as well, but I know we're all in for the rookies jaren diran purple debut That's all good. It'll it should say always in the break description if it doesn't say so in the break decision doesn't specify Then everything should ship Um, this one says all cards. Yeah purple rookie nick allen al west purple rookie anderson severino al central Is there any chrome products? Purple rookie debut under franco some personals like prison baseball. We didn't ship like vets and stuff. Yeah, but like breaks I don't think we would do it that way. Yeah That's a good chance. Just you should probably call us for a while on There always is this time of year with dolo debut and al central purple. Was it? That's right Torcal saying you on diran purple rookie al central We already have enough base to donate marciano. We have so much bowman that we've been ripping either roberts purple rookie and al central Arkansas, kansas. So our kansas and kansas. That's a big rivalry, right? purple seth lugo Battle of the kansas is our kansas and kansas Purple rookie brand of marsh debut al west They're coming up with like states and stuff who decided like hey, let's see this arkansas. What's spelled this way? Let's spell it arkansas Sayas azuki purples jp sears rookie al east So we'll give we we'll make like kids packs with the base and give them out at in the shop and it shows What else do we do? We donate them to like hospitals. Sometimes you try to find like little deities and stuff Just different places to donate locally I'm gonna say little akka has like that More complex or whatever. I don't know. I don't know what leads are right out there Aqua josh rohas debacks numbered 147 out of 250 We've been doing a lot more like community events too Yeah, we sponsor the apocard card show like every time now rookie purple jack sewinsky and al central Stuff smack doing well, man Purple rookie jake walsh and al central just sell it as like a lot then marciano That's a lot of people that sell cards will buy the base lots just to like have extra packaging essentially or those Just like sell the singles They want to take the time and do that purple rookie debuts even quant al central Honestly, a lot of times i'm ripping it home. I'll throw it away. I just I don't have time. We have so much here I'm not gonna bring it here like You have enough to To sort and you know All that stuff and Give out How you doing smack you got j rod a ledmus MJ melendez al central Ryan purple debut Two boxes Yeah, it's tough to get rid of base. It is tough Yeah, there you go, elan Going to a trade night. Yeah, put them all like a five cent box or like You know Grab like how i've got 20 the 25 for a buck or whatever bryce and stott rookie purple For the nl least bryce and stott Geez man, it's a lot. It's a lot of base purple mj melendez I my wife would not allow me to keep that much base She would not allow it first of all Give me out of space we have right now purple william woods nl least rookie Unless it's messy base. Yeah, or erin judge base Purple rookie nicladolo nl central purple rookie bryce and stott debut nl least Purple rookie debut spencer torquelson al central I just you to find a way to like Whenever we do end up getting upgrading in size Whether we're gonna buy in a house eventually or whatever Like a nice piece of furniture like a like a really nice like cabinet or something that I can Get 5 000 counts in and out of easy and it you know, it can be hidden Mike bowman orioles rookie auto like closing cabinet door. Cool. Looks fine Nobody knows there's a mess behind it like a card closet lavastita rookie purple for the al central To build like a little secret room like full book on the bookshelf So Purple rookie diao castillo nl central ass us up elin And if I would have known judge and goldie were gonna give me some dough I would have ripped some uh some tops chrome chase till seth ricky purple for the al west Royce lewis Yeah, how long does the buyback program go for I honestly forget penia Castillo chasin March, okay, you got a little bit of time then Palacios penia debut purple gary sanchez J rod debut Lendez purple hunter doger. All right last one everybody kwan base Bruhan debut purple No, we do not we did until they did the shutdown thing that we don't anymore Purple all the time it was the adi and a least rookie, but we did it through someone else We didn't even do it ourselves. We did it through a service for our customers But yeah, and it was only cards that were pulled in our breaks Breaks her personals So nothing to send nothing to be sent in ricky purple al central alex fietto J rod generation now purple noa cindigarde Yeah, maybe we'll again at some point I'm not sure about that end of things purple abrams nl west rookie. Yeah, we did psa purple jordan liplow debut wit purple gritchick purple adi henna adi henna suarez purple says zuki rookie debut or not debut just rookie base rookie base parallel purple nl central purple maranda debut torkelson base aqua erin savale al central number 29 out of 250 rookie purple rylan bannon al east from marrow rookie purple peña purple debut al west purple hunter green debut policy us rookie purple al central purple kuper hummel nl west rookie purple debut julia wadrig as al west alia ramos purple debut purple rookie azo car for the nl west purple rookie rene pinto al east Let's do a quick recap of the numbered cards in the autos all right so aqua to um What was it 250 erin savale al central josh row hoss nl west Refractor al east rich hill to 299 blue refractor to 199 chris archer al central to 250 again louis guillormay this time nl east A red debut nicoladullo to 25 nl central base autos mike bowman luchas fox mike bowman oriel luchas fox nl east timie romero al east anthony rizzo al east mike zanino al east and oan miller al central And we had a rookie refractor of bobby wit jr for the al central numbered 2 299 And that'll do it. Thanks again everybody. We've got more baseball coming up


Hi, my name is Cheryl Ferguson-Welke. I am Creme A.T. from Gruard, Alberta, but residing in high level and I've been here for 34 years, I believe. My program is, well, it's not really a program. It's my community volunteering in, with the schools. I go into the classrooms, I grade two, three, seven, oh, grade fours I have been. Grade eight's kind of, I'm usually invited by the schools to come in and talk about my experience as a Métis person or what are some things that I've done, what things I've participated in that helped me maintain my identity and be proud of who I am, like through dancing, participating in the geotourism, York boat, traditional voyages. We did those two years in a row, 2011-2012. Just in general, going in, cooking moos meat and vatic for the kids, bringing products to them so that they can see and feel the impacts and our contributions to Canadian society and allowing them to see and feel that they are, they have an integral part of the society and without us, without our backs, a lot of Canada would not have been mapped or completed or, you know, I'm not sure what word to use, but developed, I guess. Most importantly is that the kids be proud of who they are and who we are because we gave a lot of our cultures to this country and I think it's only fair that the kids feel good about it and know that we deserve our place in this society and hope that they go and learn from it and choose to, you know, learn more about it and give respect to the people that taught us or brought us here, like our elders and feel good about the future for their children too, just in the opportunities that I've been given to be with kids and even customers in my business, like just the pride, I can just feel and see when they look at me, they know that we're doing the right thing for the right reasons and when you come from a good place, there's no wrong, like there is none and that's what I try to, you know, hopefully that's the message, the ulterior message they're getting but also, you know, like sharing the pride and joy and just whatever with them in that moment for them to be able to know they can access more and learn more if they want, I hope they feel inspired to look into it more. Most cases than not, they usually say, oh, I didn't know that or my mom doesn't know her language or I only eat bannock at school or, you know, and it makes me sad and bannock isn't necessarily traditional food and I will clarify that to them. I'll say it was shared food brought by the Scotsman and that kind of stuff and just giving them factual information and knowing that if you want to know more, you can and one of the beautiful things about our people is they are so willing to share if you're willing to listen. So just them knowing that we still have in our region and our territory, we are fortunate and blessed to still have access to this information if you want it. They're not going to force you. They're not going to beg you. It's up to you what you want to do. True authentic Indigenous education I think is probably best delivered by those who actually live it and do it with the help of those of us that can contribute and support, you know, in functioning in both worlds because they are quite different and I always felt that as a Métis person I always felt it was like a juggling act. Okay, today I'm this, today I got to participate like this and at home I got to behave like this. You know, there was such differences sometimes that at a really young age I learned to be what I had to be at the right time. First and foremost is making sure their needs are met, their basic needs, food, shelter, safety. Again, back to Maslow's hierarchy, the importance of let's go get those things underway, feeling safe, feeling secure, feeling proud. You know, once you instill those, anyone can do anything. And one of the things I've learned working in the schools in the past was that almost always the kids just have natural talent and it diminishes as age goes on, whatever the reasons are, home life, oppression, whatever. And I think if we could tap into that really early and just, you know, help it flourish, that's, I think we'd see a totally, like myself who was fortunate given opportunities, I think we would see many more of the kids grab on to that and flourish. I think we continue to share and get into the school systems directly and with factual, knowledgeable people in the room who are guiding how these children are being taught and what they're being taught and not only the children, the teachers. If the teacher's not on board, it's going to be pretty tough for them to support the children and to engaging them in learning. And I think we need to, when we have teachers coming into our communities, they need to take cultural awareness programs. I don't know how, where exactly, but I have a good idea of how we could probably do it. But that's one of the first things I see is that when I worked in the schools, they were coming in with absolutely no idea where these kids are coming from, what's going on with them and why they're not paying attention or learning or whatever. And actually, by the way, there's like four different distinct groups in the school. So painting everyone with one brush is obviously not worked for you so far. So how about, you know, you really try to learn more about the children and their families and their cultures and where they come from, just like we do of them. I really hope that this is a starting point that is a long term. It's maybe not a solution right away, but at least we can make progress and ensure that our children are being taught properly and correctly with, you know, the European sense of education, formal education that we require to get degrees in diploma or whatever it is, but also using our Indigenous people as a resource, a respected resource. Not like for myself, I can go in and volunteer, but you know what, if you really want some of the true, blue, authentic teachings, you may have to pay for that and they and should stop. You know, I kind of get the sense that there's a real downplay on the value, but there is no price tag. There never can be a price tag on that knowledge because once it's gone, it's gone. So until we start to accept that and see that it's unfortunate, but as us who are, you know, a part of this Indigenous education plan or whatever, hopefully comes out of this, we need to say it out loud.


Don't give up on your ideas because you don't think the ideas are big enough. It could be the small little to you insignificant improvement that you make.