Hi, everyone. Good morning, good afternoon, or good evening, according to your time zone. Thank you all for attending the first webinar of the year, the Joan Family Doctor and Environmental Challenge, organized by the Wonka-Winekai in collaboration with the Working Party on the Environment. I'm Dr. Ana Perez. I'm a family physician and resident of medical family therapy in Mexico. I will be your hostess. It is a pleasure to introduce our leaders who are going to give us a few words. First, Dr. Sanka Radenikumara, who is our Joan Doctor Medical Representative on the Wonka War Executive Committee. He is a Joan family physician from Sri Lanka. He served as an administrator in an state hospital and run his own evening family practice, the family health clinic, closer to the capital. With a keen interest in archaeology, he has a post-graduate diploma in archaeology. I give the floor to Dr. Radenikumara. Thank you, Ana. I did not expect an introduction for me because you have all the speakers there. Anyway, thank you very much for that kind introduction and very nice to see you all. I warmly welcome all the young doctors, my colleagues, who have joined this webinar from all over the world. This is the first webinar for the year, just as mentioned by Ana. The importance is we are going to have a webinar series and this is the first one out of those webinar series. This webinar series will be in collaboration with the Wonka Working Parties and the Special Interest Groups. The idea behind this is for the next two years, we are trying our best to collaborate with the other groups. And these are actually some internal groups, like Working Parties and Special Interest Groups in the Wonka, as well as other young doctor movements, other young doctors and other organizations around the world. Our main objective is providing more opportunities for young doctors, as well as being engaged with more work, interesting work that is happening all around the world. So today we are having the very first webinar of the webinar series of the Wonka Young Doctors movement in collaboration with the Working Parties and the Special Interest Groups. So we have the Wonka environment with us today and I'm sure that this webinar would be really interesting for you all. And I would like to welcome all the speakers, translators and the organizers as well as you all who have joined the webinar at this moment. And I would especially like to thank the Wenakai, the Iber-American Young Doctors movement for organizing this on behalf of the Wonka Young Doctors movement. Thank you very much. Have a nice session. Thank you doctor. Now is the turn of Dr. Alejandro Saldana that will speak to us. He is a family physician from Mexico and he is the leader of the Wenakai movement in Iber-America. I give the floor to Dr. Saldana. Thank you and good morning, good night, good afternoon, everyone. First of all, thank you to all those who have worked hard to carry out this first webinar which will be focused on the environment. Thank you, Sankan, for his time, advice, a being of the lookout with the entire Wenakai team for the realization of this webinar. The members of Wenakai have worked on this and other issues related not only on the environment but the multiple issues of the mind of the family doctor. I have to recognize their effort and their love for our specialty. The environment is an issue that many times from the point of view of the family doctor, we don't take its emotional account and I believe that day by day we must get more involved with this type of issues in order to make the change in ourselves and be able to take good our patients that we must take care of the planet and that this is for the future of the following generations. One of the topics that will be touched on is related of water and it is caring. In my hometown lately we had problems with the water and the truth before these problems. We didn't take into account the care of the water due to not having the vital liquid well. It's really very difficult to be without water for days and have to go about our daily lives without this important element. I hope this will help us raise an aneurysm and take care of the water. Well finally and the announcement I would like to comment that soon we will have the Iberian American Summit of Family Medicine Guatemala and it's something that we are also working on this moment but well I won't take any more and again thanks to all the participants who will touch on the topics and importance way with focus on family medicine. I wish you all an excellent webinar and thanks a lot Anna for your work. Thank you doctor. To give continuity to this event before starting with the presentations there are some instructions that in the there are two buttons at the bottom of your screen. The first is the chat button where you can make comments to our panelists and you can send us your questions and in the planet-shaped icon that you can see you can find the different translation options. Our translators throughout the event will be Dr. Chloe Shan. She is a family physician from Hong Kong. She will be our voice in Chinese and Dr. Nilka Arosimena. She is a family resident. She's a resident of family medicine sorry and she's part of Huayna Kai and she will be our voice in Spanish. Well our first panelist is Dr. Austin Godemir who is a family doctor in Turkey. She was the previous leader of the Mental Health Special Interest Group. She's a member of Rural Wonka. She's also the media director of Family Academy of Medicine and she's a member of several editorial boards of family medicine journals just to mention some aspects of her curriculum. She will talk to us about planetary health curriculum and where all the garbage goes. I give the floor to Dr. Austin. Thank you very much. Well I'm working in Ismer University of Economics Faculty of Medicine and it is an honor for me to work with Sanka on the working environment party. We can go on. Well I just want to start with the curriculum. This is a lesson that I have I am responsible in our faculty. It is about the environmental factors affecting growth. We can go on. Why did I choose to begin with that? Because there are some learning objectives that could be affecting the children's growth. Maybe you may say that what is the deal with the planetary health or the curriculum. Let's go on. Well this is the show of Nutelius as you may say as you may see and this is about mathematics. Because if we are talking about the growth we are also talking about development too. If the growth isn't just appropriate we can talk about development. Go on. So the first thing is development and the progression of changes. Afterwards we can talk about functional capacity that means maturation. So let me just remember the phases of growth. We can just came from infancy to adolescence that the environment will affect all those stages. Like what? Let's remember the history. Politics, hereditary and also the environment just affecting us. Like what? Just going rural to urban migrants or dislocate the traditional rural family social organizations. What does it mean? In this pattern if you haven't got any food at least your never heads. So we are sharing with each other. But nowadays if everybody has got nothing to do let's say in urban and if you're a migrant who will just take care of you. The other part is the abundance infants that are really poor and could die at those centuries. And by this way Jean-Jacques Rousseau just said in those centuries let's just return to the nature and the breastfeeding of the infants has begun and the importance of it. As you may see these are not so late history taking places. We can go on. So after the industrial revolution the wars has just become and they figure out that to just discover the growth and also the development of the children there are some steps has to be taken. They figure out that not all the children are growing at same time in the same way. We can go on. So the child labor and also the soldiers that are used in child's ages are seen not only the ages before but also nowadays too. So we shall just look at the child as a whole child and one of the things about this is environment. Let's look a little bit deeply. The planetary health is the thing that as the family medicine of course from the conceptualism to that we are just having an importance and taking care for our patients and individuals and also the planetary health is the main idea of it to make it real. We can go on. For example air pollution. Maybe we can just say that you mustn't eat this or you should just do physical activity and whatsoever in lifestyle medicine but how can we say that let's not brag. So air pollution is a real negative effect for not only growth of the children also for the living quality of elderly and also adults too. We can talk about chemicals too. Heavy metals are just one of them. This is a research from Turkey. They figure out that in breast milk we can just talk toxic heavy metals. That means the things that these mothers are breading, not eating, breading is also affecting the breast milk so the newborns. We can go on. That means toxic heavy metals will affect those infants. So how can we talk about the next generation development or growth? We can go on. The other part is mercury poisoning. Everybody knows that mercury is something poisonous. As you may see this is from Indonesia. The photograph is from Indonesia but could be seen anywhere that the gold mining is made in an appropriate way. So it is affecting all our next generation and us too. We can go on. This is from my country. This is from Ida. So it's figured with those ladies and just going somewhere else. In here we just couldn't handle that this forest has been destructed for the gold miners. They just destruct all the forest and afterwards they just go away giving some money. As you may see you can cut the trees and so on but to grow the trees is not so easy when you're just destroying. To make something, to structure something is not easy but destroy is so easy as you may see. We can go on. Again we are coming to the mercury. What is important with the mercury? Impair it to motor skills and just the problem of thinking and problem solving. Let's think that lots of people or the community has got problem about problem solving. How can we talk about future? Let's go on. This is from again Turkey because there should have been a decision part in here too for the communities. Are we going to go with the agriculture opportunities for the linens and so on? In here at Ediston is a place that it is a great lowland and it has really have got huge kilometers to just make our agriculture much more appropriate. The problem is they're just fine linens but in a bad way this has been managed. So now people are just struggling with lung cancer because of this. We can go on. These are the other effects of this linear sector. The companies have just made something like that. As you may see not only hydrocarbons but sulfur dioxide is another part of the story, another problem. We can go on. This is from Ankara. It was just two years ago so we may say that the planetary health could affect us slowly slowly or could be in a sudden way. Let's go on. The other part is about the slow management. You may see that one of the risk of the air pollution is damage so we just can't remember anything. Let's go on. Tobacco smoking is also as old as age is and as you may see they are just making it for pleasure. Let's go on. There were lots of advertisements about it and it was something cultural to smoke together. Let's go on. As you may see we can go on. So the other part is we just discovered that not only the air we are just spreading but also the things we are using for pleasure is a problematic like what the smoking Tobacco products.  So what can we do about it? It is also one of our duties for the Tobacco smoking and it is also preventable that of the people of communities. We can go on. We can go on. The other part is as you may see the DNA is being disrupted as being diminished with Tobacco too. Why did I put this definition here? This is about the community oriented primary care that we can use as a tool. As we just talked about the polluted environment and the effect of infants in communities, maybe in your community the gold mining is a problem, the other Tobacco usage, or the other just destruction of the forest. So let's define the community and find which are the things that we can do is characterize and afterward we can just talk about the selected health problems that we could do the assessment. So community oriented primary care could be a way to understand and to treat not only our people but also our structure that made the problem. Let's go on. For example one of them is a silent killer as air pollution is also the water clean water. Let's go on. These are the key facts from the WHO. As you may see drinking water is something essential and also human rights. If you haven't got the clean water for drinking that means we can talk about the being of human rights too. It is not something as an opportunity. This is something that everybody has to get as a global citizen. Let's go on. This is about administrative shake and from my country he is working in public health in medicine of school. As this part we can go on. They have figured out in another part we can go on. There was a problem about this is Urgub Karin in Turkey. As you may say it is a beautiful place. We can go on. And it is just the thought of the land of beautiful forces. Its first name is Katko Tokya. And afterwards we can go on. One of the teacher has found out that people are not living so much here. Now there could be point no one just be after the 40 years old. The teacher just had reported to the doctors living there and started to pay university stakeholders and they just began to evaluate it. Let's go on. And this is another senior from that. Let's go on. They figure out that the problem is asbestosis. It is not about the thing of destiny. It is not about the thing that anybody else do before or the bad things they do before. It is not about the genetics. It is about asbestosis and this is the environmental threat for all the community that was living there. Because it ended with mesotelioma. Let's go. And this is the part that we can understand what is mesotelioma. As you may see it is affecting the flavor of the lungs. Let's go on. And we can just see as the X-ray diagram of it. They thought that it could be something like tuberculosis but the truth is it was a kind of cancer. Let's go on. And then not only in Turkey but also the other parts of the world just said that asbestosis is the part that could be so bad. Not only is mesotelioma but for the other reasons that is bad and mortal and morbid for the countries and also the individuals. Let's go on. As you may see so there are lots of evidence based material about it. Let's go on. The other part is while we are talking about all these things and new evidences how can we reach out to these new evidences? Planetary health courses is one of the tools that we can use. Maya Ropros and Erika de Baral Rosso are also involving in here and it is for free that we can reach the items that we need. Let's go on. And this is one of the example of this why is planetary health is important for family medicine and primary care. We can go on. But who will do all those things? And who are responsible for that? Let's go on. We all can do that. As you may see there is Sanka there and he is one of our directors. Andre is from Ireland and Erika from Brazil and Maya from Brazil too and all us could just do this together not one by one. Let's go on. But in here there's another domain that we can use with the family medicine. What is this? The person-centered primary care could be just person-centered planetary healthcare because every part every community has got their own problems that should be solved. Let's go on. And again so we don't need to be alone. We can go on. For example an example about air pollution. Ellen has taught in a congress for that. It is about inhalers. This is the prescription that we're talking about and maybe we can just represent you an inhaler policy for the next months too. Let's go on. And also we need evidence about it. If we haven't got evidence, if we haven't got evidence-based information we can't talk about that. This will be only a rumor nothing else. And here are some of the examples for it. We can go on. And again we can go on. So let's talk about two cases. What can we do about it? For example for water. We can go on. These are some examples for the inhaler policy. If we are just giving treatment for our individuals or for our patients we should also think about the planetary health too. Let's go on. Where is it important? Fossil fuel emissions are just affecting not only the soil but also our water. We can go on. The problem is we all think that we have got lots of times but the truth we haven't. Let's go on. For example microplastics. We are using plastics and they are products all for most of the things like what just carrying our food or just making protection about our dresses and so what. But where did all the microplastics go? Well the truth is it is also going for example for fish could be neurotoxic or could be about behavioral abnormalities. We can go on. This is again from a newly represented research. It says that humans may also experience this oxidative stress too about microplastics. That means drinking water is important but also fresh water is important without microplastics. Let's go on. And also this is another part that we should just know about the pipes. Asbestosis is something that could be in pipeline so to get fresh water is important but also how to make the distribution what could be the instruments for this is important too. Let's go on. For example in here we can just say that lockdown has just told us has just teach us lots of the things. For example the industry has changed at the lockdowns times and we find out that the planetary health was just much more healthy. After that we just made everything uh distracted again. Let's go on. In here there is another review another research. We can say that drinking water could also affect imponds. Let's go on. I don't want to get much more time off you but I can say that these parts that were just in the color of yellow it says that from the infancy to the adulthood the pipelines are important and affecting the growth and development. Let's go on. And for the other part that we couldn't see it says that not only the adults but also the elderly part will be affected by these bad drinking water conditions. Let's go on. So all we need is one minute for our planet to think about the treatments we are giving at least to think about how well we are living with our conditions. Let's go on. I just want to finish my words with the words of Rumi. It says that be like water uh like bird for modus c and appear as you are and be as you appear. Thank you very much for listening to me. Thank you doctor for your excellent contribution. To continue with our panelists it is now the turn of doctor Jaime Olivas who is a family physician from the University of Monterey in Mexico. He is part of the Guaymecay movement and he will talk to us about water crises and health impacts. I give the floor to doctor Olivas. Hi hi everyone. I'm doctor Jaime Olivas and thank you for coming today and this time we will approach this topic and well let's see how the family doctor it's at the heart of these water crises and well let's let's get started shall we and first of all if you can go back one slide please. Thank you. Let's see first what is our situation and let's see what are the health related issues that are in our concern and this time we will focus on water crises in this case mainly draw and flood and well according with the WHO the water shortage could affect around 5 billion people worldwide and this is also according to UNESCO by 2015 this is also a problem with water that it's going to be lacking in some countries and almost in every continent. This is why we can see now that water is becoming less available and this is mainly due to climate change and human activities and all this led to severe drugs all around the world and we will see more of this around the around the the next years and in the next slides I'll tell you why. Please next slide. Well California this is this is from the Angeles Times and also in the in the previous in the previous slide I I needed to notice that the water the lack of water get at that at that point that the water now is on Wall Street and the stock market and you can bet on water just like oil and gold this is just to get an idea a little idea of what can we expect in the next years well going back to California this is from the Angeles Times California should expect a fourth right year as drug persists what does that mean we know that California is a prone state to drug but the problem with the climate change is worse in this situation because according to another to the world meteorological organization the climate change is making more difficult to predict and prepare for water outcomes and also to prepare for water distribution in the next years just in California and we can see that climate change is worsening the pre-existent dry climate in California. Next slide there and as I said you said before global water the lack of water is present in almost every every continent in every continent and we can see these are just three hot spots according to world meteorological organization and this is just in 2021. In the next slide please and this is in other countries these are another examples and we can go on and we can go on just in Germany and also in the Horn or Africa we will see more about this in another slide Serbia, China a lot of countries are getting a problem with this with water distribution so or they needed to adapt in some form because of the lack of water and according for example according to the United Nations report about climate change one third of Europe will suffer will suffer a lack of water or water depletion and this is proportional to the to the degree Celsius and the temperature rise and this news about the third of Europe suffering water depletion. This will happen only with a rise of two degrees Celsius. Our rise of two degrees Celsius is just enough to make this problem worse in Europe and if we look if we look in another countries we found that in fact this problem is worldwide as I said in the previous slide and in the world map and can you change the slide please and let's go back to Mexico this is my home and we can see I live in north in northeast Mexico and I this this is what has been arid arid and semi arid arid and semi arid climate but in the recent years the drug mold from Serbia to extreme meanwhile in another part of the country we can see in south Mexico, Oaxaca, Guerrero and Chapas these states really had a problem with water but in the recent years we see that are getting drier and drier and let's focus on this part of Mexico in south Mexico and I just mentioned Oaxaca and Guerrero next slide please well Oaxaca and Guerrero this is with this this states depend heavily on agricultural and as a result of the drug the drug the crop production suffered a lot but this this states had to adapt and this is with the collaboration between technicians and the indigenous indigenous people I mean sapotecos and they work together to come up with infrastructure and with solutions in this case the infrastructure infrastructure projects were made to optimize wider irrigation improve recollection of water and basically they are now harvesting water successfully and all this thanks to they they made absorption wells, small dams and all this to recollect more efficiently water from the valley and optimize the the use of water for their crops and we can see here that this is from technicians and this is also the farmers indigenous farmers and this is what what they meant in these interviews they say that those system created a microclimate that regenerate the soil and this is this is thanks to the efficient recollection system next slide please well well we are keeping to Mexico for a little bit more and it's specifically in my city Monterey Mexico in this case mega corporations take water from the already depleted aquifer and through private wells they are worsening the distribution we had a very severe drug this this summer and usually this gets a little political but just choose to I'm just here to say that they can be complications and that in a short term solution is it's very difficult and they have concessions to water and also is that there are another political examples for example the water crisis in Palestine that is due to a very long conflict but just to just to show you how there are a number of factors that hindered the short term solution for for the water distribution next slide please well for this this is a recent case and we must understand how cloud and drug compromise the water quality and very different ways and this is our the recent example I was talking about a Pakistan according to to the work head or work her organization the they had this recent flood and the immediate they had malaria and then get outbreaks immediately also can you take the next next slide okay more more yeah that's right they had a problem with the health health services they had a very significant reduction and also this meant uh unsacred uh modern treats diabetes her disease and also for the children missing vaccination and for the other part they rose the the rose the spread of water and vector and the problem is and the thing is how can we as family doctors provide an effective healthcare when we can even wash our hands next slide please and we can say well the flood is over well go go back everyone to their work to their work and and this this problem and the diarrhea is gone well not exactly uh this is the example of Jackson Mississippi they experienced a flood of proportions never seen before and their wire supply was very or highly compromised uh this meant this flood the irritation malnutrition and heavy metal poisoning also our outbreak out is another digestive issues and this is a lot uh this is a problem that persists after the flood and we must expect that this in another similar situations next slide please well and as you said in Jackson the health issues persists but uh for the other part the drug in in for example in the great horn on Africa is worsening for existing problems the famine the famine it's worse and this drug makes especially make people especially vulnerable and more prone to other disease and there are drier areas and also in California have this phenomena it's happening wildfires frequencies are increasing and these are linked to respiratory diseases and if we are keeping with this topic of the drug the soil related fungal infections like oxydioides are increasing and we can see this in the great horn of Africa and also it was reported that the mental health issues are more present than ever and domestic violence is another factor and you can we go on next slide so now let's take the family doctors perspective but can family doctors expect to see in their practice and well first of all we are thinking uh like apocalypse and in the next few years well it's very unlikely and also uh as we expect new diseases well it's a it's possibly but it's very unlikely also very unlikely but what we most expect is a change in pattern of the pre-existing diseases and first of all prioritize the doctor patient education and always encourage uh our community and our people to become agents of hygiene uh and wellness next slide please what are gonna we got what are gonna give what are we gonna do in our practice uh well first of all identify our population at risk and elderly infants pregnant women immigrants or people experiencing homeless a homeless state and for the elderly can what can we say uh they can be more dependent sometimes sometimes they need a caregiver uh risk of being socially isolated and also they had a reduced mobility and for the for the infants for the infants they have special needs when the water when we lack of water uh new needs uh newborns and infants well they have this special needs that can be accomplished they have a special need for feeding for stooling and for sleeping and this is worsening with the lack of water or with the with the flow that the water is not is not in good conditions and pregnant woman of course in this case we're talking about that double risk modern fetus are a risk and immigrant people experiencing the homeless state well just for the for the fact that they do not possess a reliable shelter and next slide please in another things uh we must expect when the quality of water is compromised we must expect the diaries can be low-acted, cryptosporidium, scary cacoli and well in this case we can see that the pattern of the pattern of and the range of their geographical range will be extended and will be recurrent in the population in in the according to the I think that is is cdc they are this egyptian range and the line disease range have extended and this is due to the draw and the rise of the of the of the heat in the northern regions of america next slide please well in this case we must pay special attention to communities even if we notice that our communities have poor stool management in this case we must understand that don't treat screta contaminates surface surface waters drinking water irrigation waters by bathing water on all the household water even the problem gets to the ground waters next next again again again and this is cause uh go back go back uh well this is uh sometimes we are obsessed with the idea of the contamination and in this case we can see the the cycle of oral infection and as i was saying uh we're we are sometimes obsessed with the idea of food contamination that we forget that self infection is a very common thing and especially on children since the children tend to lack a adequate technique from washing hands we must introduce this topic to them in early stages of life now and next well this is just to point out that we have a number of resources these are provided by the workhead organization and here we can find guidance and management of specific points but for what is applied if how can we work together to provide a very system of water and to diagnose poor quality in water especially for drinking and household use but they are the the guides are are very complete in every aspect and they have a very complete regulations and standards and you can see here how can you help a little more your community and it's a very helpful and next next slide so uh before uh before you go and to sum up the water supplies is very compromised and in in these cases of drought and flood and we can spec as family doctors this is patterns we can expect this is patterns to change in this case fecal oral infections this will will be increased due to the lack of hygiene and virus sanitization this is a point to to reinforce and vector borne infections this is mainly due to climate change and because it is because this climate change will allow vectors to reproduce and transmit diseases maybe in areas where we we not expect and we they these these diseases and these vectors like edis egypti and the ticks and are present in areas where they were not previously present as the doctor as the doctor was there and said before we can expect malnutrition and even a growth retardation in in the children and this can be more often this is mainly to for for example the heavy metals in the case of the flood or in case of the drought uh by recurrent infections and also in another cases it's reported kidney disease and intoxication due to the ingestion of high levels of of contaminants in the water heavy metal heavy metals in the water so on so on and in the field of mental health we can expect a rise of domestic violence depression anxiety and this is related to more frequent illness the economic losses for example in in the rural rural areas and indigenous areas economic losses of the crops and a homeless state in the in the migrants and finally we can expect in these cases a health and economic inequalities this is in consideration that the water crisis are concentrated in the most vulnerable populations and in the other hand if we if we treat this problem accordingly and work together with the government and the communities we can make living and living healthy environments and we can develop sanitation programs these are these contribute to the life and the quality of life even for the child the the growth retardation uh improves and better school attendance they can we can afford uh uh life with dignity and help to create resilience in communities uh this is a lot of this is a very complex problem but i have to sum up in some form ii and i appreciate that you stayed here and this is this is all for me thank you for thank you for coming today thank you doctor thank you doctor for your great contribution now is the discussion time um there is any question about uh from our audience for uh our panelists um because of the time maybe uh we have um discussion with the panelists the final presentation okay there is a lot of congratulations for both thank you well uh this is the our third panelist is dr natasha freeman she's an australian general practitioner currently living in the united kingdom she also has done additional training in pediatrics and women's health she also worked as a research assistant in primary care health literacy and is part of the basco di gamma movement she will talk to us about the health impacts of rising temperatus and bush fires in australia i give the floor to dr freeman hi everyone thank you so much for having me speak i feel really privileged to be here and um congratulations to the other speakers i've definitely learned so much from you both already um so next slide please um i am an australian gp so all my sources are going to be australian um heat heat waves and bush fires is a really big topic and i can't cover everything and also i'm not an expert like all family doctors i'm always learning and i would like to learn from you all so if you have any questions or anything that you want to discuss further i'd be really interested in hearing about your experiences next slide i'm just going to um talk about three fictional patients so they're definitely they're not real i'm going to go through australia's climate the health impacts of heat and heat waves and bush fires and then what we can do so next slide please um oh next thanks so three patients and these are completely fictional so any resemblance to real persons is purely coincidental so i've got jane who is wheezy and breathless since the bush fires began sandy who has trouble sleeping since her house burnt down last year and george who is elderly has high blood pressure and is unwell during a heat wave so next slide please um australia gets very hot so as you can see from this graph um a lot of the places in australia reach 45 degrees celsius um at some point um during the year um and the vast majority of australia reaches at least 30 degrees or more so um heat is a very natural part of australia um but we've got a very varied landscape and um next slide please um you can see that um we've got areas of urbanization on the coast we've got mountains with snow and we've got dry arid and desert regions and some of you may have recognized buluru which is a site of um uh important significance to aboriginal and toaster islander people next slide please so um bush fires are also a really normal part of um the australian landscape um this is a photo that i took myself um and it's a an area that was affected a lot by the bush fires but you can see the trees are uh regenerating um and becoming green again um and this just reflects the fact that fire um helps shape the landscape of australia next slide please but because of climate change bush fires are getting worse um and some of you may have heard of the black summer bush fires in 2019 and 2020 which had a huge impact on um australia um including many deaths up to 400 deaths from um smoke inhalation homes were lost a lot of people uh had to go to hospital for breathing problems um and 80 percent of australians were affected in some way um my personal experience of this time was um seeing a lot of patients with breathing problems and our whole city was covered in a blanket of smoke for many weeks next slide please um australia is becoming hotter so carbon emissions uh and air pollution drive heat uh our temperature has increased by 1.4 degrees since 1910 um uh nine of the 10 warmest days on record have been after 2005 we're getting more hot days and heat wave events and more extreme fire weather days next slide please and you can see that um since 1910 the number of extreme heat events is increasing quite rapidly up to 2010 that's the graph finishes there next slide please so future projections we're going to have more hot days more days with the temperature of over 35 degrees increased fire weather and more heat waves next slide so let's go back to jane jane is wheezy and breathless since the bush fires began next slide so why is why a bush fire is bad for your lungs well the heat and humidity can stimulate um the nerves in the lungs um causing asthma symptoms um but one of the big issues is pm 2.5 or otherwise known as particulate matter 2.5 and these are particles that are so small that they enter the deep pockets of the lungs and also enter the bloodstream so they not only cause respiratory issues but they cause a wider pro-inflammatory state bush fires have increased hospitalization for respiratory disease and makes asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease worse let's go to the next slide um so sandi has trouble sleeping since her house burnt down last year next slide so there are lots of other impacts of bush fires there are a couple of quite significant ones in the studies based on australian bush fires it suggests that people who have heart disease already experience worse outcomes with bush fires a study showed an increased number of out of hospital cardiac arrests in men during the bush fire period we know that bush fire smoke can affect pregnancies and there's a link to low birth weight and preterm birth and what is important in sandi's case is the psychological impact so bush fires are devastating and they cause increases in psychological issues and there is a word i just recently learned that i didn't put in the slide it's called solastalgia and that's the distress that is produced by environmental change impacting on people while they are connected to their home environment so i found that word quite an interesting way to describe how some people feel so just next next slide please and now we get on to george who was unwell during a heat wave next next slide so what is a heat wave there's actually no single international definition one of the definitions is three consecutive days and nights of above average temperatures but there are so many variables for example the age of the person and where they live and something called urban heat islands so urban heat islands are large areas of paved or dark colored surfaces which absorb heat and rise the temperature and in addition it might be an area where there are more vehicle engines and fossil fuels being released and this all adds to the heat and also a lack of trees so all of these variables can affect the way we experience a heat wave next slide so there are types of heat illnesses fatigue muscle crabs dehydration heat exhaustion and heat stroke which is a medical emergency so heat stroke is where you are unable to control your body temperature anymore and you cannot stop it from rising to dangerous levels and that's this can cause multi-organ failure and death so this is this is very very dangerous result of heat illness next slide please heat causes more deaths than all other natural disasters and it creates quite a big burden on health services it's also found that rates of anxiety depression and interpersonal violence increases during a heat wave also something that I didn't know is that gastroenteritis increases during a heat wave because food spoils more easily particularly if you're in a place that doesn't have good refrigeration facilities now let's go on to the next slide so who's at risk of heat related illness so this is about your body's ability to regulate its temperature and we know that some people don't have that ability as good as some other people so this can include older people particularly people over the age of 65 pregnant breastfeeding women or very young children because they have different heat needs people with existing chronic conditions like cardiovascular and respiratory disease people with cognitive impairment and some mental health illnesses housing is really important whether or not you've got proper cooling facilities or whether or not you're in an urban heat island as I talked about before medications are important and I'll get that to the next slide and Lassie your work what kind of conditions are you working in thank you so heat medications this was something that I learned and found very interesting most medications need to be stored at less than 25 degrees and this is particularly important in some emergency type medicines such as insulin or antibiotics but then there are other ways that medications can interact with heat so for example lithium is a drug with a narrow therapeutic index so if you are taking lithium and you become dehydrated you are more likely to experience toxicity from that medication similarly there are some medications such as diuretics like some blood pressure medications that increase dehydration and some medication that decrease sweating and these are just a few examples of how medications interact with heat so we'll go down to the next slide so what can we do as family doctors so this is a question I asked myself and I was making this presentation and I divided some of my the ideas that I found into patient community and organization so you can just show those if you click thank you so first of all it's important to identify patients who are at risk of heat related illness some Australian doctors have been doing something called heat health plans which is plans that are tailored to vulnerable patients and address things like how they're going to stay cool, what medications they should stop or change and who to contact if they feel that something is going wrong and also the signs of heat illness there are some community things that we can engage in so thinking about what community organizations are in place to help us manage the heat are there alert or warning systems when a heat wave is coming or high bushfire area and are there things that we can do in our local community to advocate for things like changed infrastructure that might reduce heat like tree canopies and awnings and then there are organizational things so we can think about what factors we can change in our practice and what change of factors we can change in our institutions so next slide please there are a couple of examples in Australia in our waiting rooms the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners has put forward some some posters to educate patients and to invite them to have a discussion with their GP. Next slide please all states of Australia have a heat health plan and this was after a huge heat wave in 2009 that was very dangerous and caused a lot of people to to pass away or to be hospitalized there's also some government websites about how to stay safe in the heat and there are also some heat wave assessment charts that send out warnings when there are extreme weather events coming up next slide please these are references and we'll just go on to the last slide so my speech was very much tailored to Australia so I'm really interested in discussing with you what are your personal experiences as health professionals of managing the challenges of heat and heat waves and but essentially that's the end of my presentation so thank you so much for listening thank you doctor for your excellent presentation thank you to continue it is now the turn of our last panelist doctor Genyu Goryu he is a family medicine specialist in Turkey he also studied doctor-patient relationship and shared decision-making and he has been the lead of EFD mental health with great interest in planetary health he will talk to us about mental health and planetary health in the COVID-19 era I give the floor to Dr. Geryu thank you very much Ana for all your support and true pronunciation of my name it's a bit hard I'm Genyu Goryu from Turkey I'm a family medicine specialist I have been working in an archipelago called Marmara Islands group in Marmara Sea in western part of Turkey so this experience raised my awareness about environmental health and also occupation health because lots of marble mines were settled in that island groups so and I had this experience during the COVID-19 era also so today I'm going to talk about mental health and planetary health in COVID-19 era and I want to summarize some lessons for a possible water crisis in the future next slide please as Dan said in her slides too planetary health is a new paradigm in public health we can say that it's an interdependent sustainable vitality of natural and anthropogenic ecosystems both in social political and other manners and but it's a kind of scientific journey during the 21st century I mean the public health intervention started after the second world war and now and 90 some kind of non-governmental organization taped about the awareness of global health and the planetary health is a new paradigm right now that it's a public health problem but we are family doctors and we are able to reach every single individual in the society so I think that we have to adopt a ecological mindset into the clinical encounters so because we have a holistic approach as a core competency of our discipline and we are able to make some personalized interventions to fight against water crisis of another kind of planetary health problems next slide please COVID-19 era raised our awareness about planetary health issues I think because that was a more theoretical in academic problem before COVID-19 but after the pandemics we realized that a disturbing intervention to the habitat of the bats in China can affect one of my patients lungs as a pneumonia in a few weeks so the butterfly effects took the interest of the masses and I think the nations experienced pandemics and the planetary health became a hot topic for both doctors and public and I think it's a big opportunity to take lead for us to make some interventions for patient education or social marketing of the health policies next slide please and mental health in COVID-19 times the all that kind of problems like alcohol and drug abuse anxiety insomnia they are all increased but it's not a surprise because during black downs maybe it was good for planetary health issues but it caused some problems for mental health issues we we had seen some recurrence in anxiety or depression disorders also there was a significant increase in cell farms suicidal behavior because it was not easy to reach psychiatric services or take some maybe there was some telemedicine approach for the COVID-19 times but what it was not easy to take a place in asylums or inpatient units for psychiatry so by this way I want to mention the importance of community oriented care as as Dan said in her slides community oriented primary care and also community oriented mental health services only by this way we can manage the burden of asylums and psychiatric centers overload by community oriented centers and I think family medicine family doctors can apply a lead role to manage their problems next slide please and some lessons from COVID-19 pandemics to tackle the water crisis as both haima and natasha said the vulnerable people are important we should define the elderly sick and poor people in our patient population for example tomorrow morning I'm going to see all my patients from that view actually who are able to be more vulnerable against the water crisis among the poor neighborhoods or some my refugee patients I think it's important to define the vulnerable ones and that kind of crisis every time has a transponder character and it means a global collaboration so that kind of panels and that kind of organizations are really important because of that point I think and as I said before it's that kind of crisis are wicked problems so for regular health problems there are lots of specialty and specialists and they have guidelines they have thousands of patient experience but like COVID-19 pandemics or water crisis and other planetary health issues we have still lack of knowledge and there's no clear cast solutions and I think this is an option for the family doctors because we have developed problem solving skills and we are expert generalists in medicine field so in this foggy weather we can help both patients and our other colleagues to get the solution and handle the complicated medical problems next slide please and also I think both Haime and Natasha said before drought and urban migration is really important problem also they said that domestic violence and sleep disorders all that we can say in a water scared area as a mental health problem and as a result of the migration I think child mental health really important because a well-development trajectory of infants or adolescents is really important to integration of the refugees to the society so I think it's important and also we told about the higher temperatures and climate change and I want to talk about some psychotic patients this change in climate change can cause higher temperatures and by this way we can see more common psychotic attacks so as I said before it's not easy to manage under the conditions of a disaster so probably a asylums and the psychiatric inpatient unit central units won't be enough to handle this problem so I want to express again the importance of the community oriented and autonomous mental services I also add that not only individuals have some psychological problems also nations and societies can have some problems water insecurity can cause social anxiety and some many other socioeconomic and political conflicts so I think we should also be aware of that problem as community leaders next slide please and I want to give an example I think some of the previous presenters told it but toxic health laser contamination in municipal water source in the flint USA so there was a research it's called Casper I think it's about a toolkit that assess the psychological manner of the victims of water crisis I think I forgot to add this version of my presentation but if you said as we know the cartoon character Casper it's written like Casper and you can search some databases or even you can search it on google Casper is a very useful toolkit to assess public health emergencies assess the mental status of the victims in public health emergencies so I think that is really important we talk about that what can we do as family doctors in that kind of crisis I think we can we can find we can find a doctor patient a first doctor patient relation and we can take the action in patient education so that kind of tool kits are really useful both to assess the patient in a public health crisis and give patient education I think short form tool kits for both assessment and education is really important I remember that irish college of general practitioners developed a green toolkit to raise the awareness of clinical ecology or or environmental health maybe as Dan can also remember it so this kind of that forms are really important to make interventions in primary care next slide please and as I said before we have to do something it's not a solution to just wait and that kind of crisis need more than one solution to solve a problem and also simple solutions are really important for example I must say it to teach the people teach the children for adequate hand washing maybe it's it's it looks simple but I think it's more really efficient and local factors cannot be discounted because family doctors are also natural local community leaders and sometimes major crisis as radical solutions we should be brave to say our ideas or share local officers and the other rulers and global governance we need global governance in that times of crisis and also international solidarity next slide please this is the associative integrity and the role of primary care physician we can do something to mitigation of environmental pollution for example is the noise and air pollution and we try to do some interventions to increase water access and quality and as a result of it we can see the adoption of patients and our society to new conditions there are some direct environmental effects like drought heat waves and fire for example and some indirect environmental effects like reduction in water quality and socially mediated effects like the migration they both affect the health status of individuals and but there's a solution there are primary care actions for example the promotion of health policies and strengthening the health system but the most important thing is I think research primary care research and patient education our main role is I think raising raising the awareness of patients and patient education to fight against the planetary health crisis next slide please yes I as I summarized before our leadership is really important and we can do the social marketing of the health information because we are able to reach every single house in the society we can find the relationship directly to the individuals and we have a clinical area to make interventions we have daily practices next slide please and also research is really important but also there are some problems and what is it it's deficiency of diversity and pluralism in research we have lots of options to make some resource with collaboration like some interdisciplinary research and also for the primary care I think some methodological resources are really important to develop some toolkits to assess and educate the patients I think we need more short form toolkits to use in our daily practice to screen our patients assess their knowledge and attitude and to educate them for example for how to use water and how to save the hygiene parameters and we have some we need some data forms to measure their performance next slide please and again and again patient education is really important and continuous medical education is also important now we are a small group have maybe a bit higher academic literacy but I think we have to reach all of our colleagues in the field to solve that public health problem next slide please and thank you very much for listening me and find an opportunity to take part in this panel thank you doctor for an excellent presentation to close this webinar um now it's time uh now that we have here from our panelists is there something they had like to share with us because there is no any any question in the chat only congratulations for everyone a lot thank you very much thank you any participation of our panelists well it was a great opportunity to meet with you and to reach our colleagues and some of our students has also attend so I'm so happy to meet our teammates or our future teammates and so it gives us hope that we can move forward yeah that's okay thank you that's thank you a lot well um on behalf of the entire young doctor medical wonka team we appreciate your participation in this first webinar and we hope to see you soon at the next event and have a great day thank you all thank you thank you thank you very much thank you thank you alex you're welcome thank you thank you everyone great success so let's uh let's see you with the next webinar with the uh wonka working party on the on mental health organized by the rajat marble see you all


The paper examines sample size justification in qualitative research within three health-related journals over a 15-year period. The findings demonstrate that sample size efficiency is limited, often without justification, and relates to the journal of publication. Sample size was most frequently defended with reference to saturation and pragmatic considerations. The authors recommend that researchers be more transparent about evaluating their sample size sufficiency and that data adequacy should be appraised with reference to features intrinsic to the study at hand. Reviews also have a vital role in supporting and encouraging transparent study-specific reporting.


Now, in our modern scientific culture, there tends to be an emphasis on the virus or the germ or the infecting agent. And people seem to be very scared about the thing that is coming from the outside and affecting us as if we have nothing we can do and we're these harmless little creatures. Now in this video, I want to specifically talk about the seasonal flu because as we go into the flu season, as there are other viral infections also going around, I want to share what I think and what I observe from a Chinese medicine perspective is the reason why we often get these. Hey guys, Dr. Alex Hine, Doctor of Chinese Medicine and licensed acupuncturist. Now before we jump into this video, there are two important links right below it. The first is if you'd like to become a patient of mine locally in Los Angeles or virtually via telemedicine, the contact info from my private practice and clinic is right below this video. And the second is a free download for my weekly video newsletter and a free guide for daily rituals that can help you add years to your life with Chinese medicine. So those are right below the video. So let's talk about this idea of young damage because it's something that sounds very pseudo scientific but is very clinically accurate and is really more of a clinical observation that's important to know and is the main factor that determines whether or not you get sick from infectious virus. So the first year actually or the only year I've ever gotten the flu. I'd been visiting my family and it was my third year of my doctorate in school. Now I was very run down. I hadn't been sleeping well almost all year. I went home to my family. I was looking forward to having some peace and silence and some rest and some friends invited me out for New Year's Eve in New York City. So living in Portland at the time where it doesn't really get below 50 very often, I just always had a mid-weather coat, which was basically a thick leather jacket with a little bit of a furry warmer inside, a little bit of a fleece inside. So I would just wear this moderate weather coat, a mid-weather coat for let's say 40s to 50s and then maybe a sweater underneath it. So my friend invited me out to New York City and we were in Brooklyn. We were walking around and the East Coast was having a nor'easter at that time and was having a little bit of this cold spell. Now that night in particular it was 15 degrees with a wind chill of strong, strong, strong winds bringing it below zero. Now I figured whatever, we're going to be ubering around or driving around New York City, no problem. But as it turns out my friend had intended on us walking everywhere in the city at zero degrees at night in winter. I wasn't dressed warmly enough, but as we walked around, you know, at the beginning I felt really cold and then as the night went on we were walking around a lot and there was a lot of sitting around because some people were smoking cigarettes outside and we were waiting in lines outside and I noticed all night I was shivering. I was shivering for over an hour in the cold because I wasn't dressed warmly enough. Now I didn't think anything of it. And about three days later when I got on the plane back to Portland I noticed that I was feeling a little weird.  And that's when I realized that I'd probably caught the flu. Now the point of my story is just to understand that just like rooms may be filled with influenza virus or the cold virus or hundreds of viruses and humans are often carriers of viruses that just because you're exposed to a virus doesn't mean you get the virus. And just because most people you know may have the virus doesn't mean you may get the virus when we talk about influenza virus in a non-pandemic or a non-epidemic. So what leads to you getting it and getting sick? That's a very important question. When we talk about our ancient medical texts in Chinese medicine what a very important quote is is that people who are deficient will get sick when basically when there's an infectious disease going around or there's a virus going around. So the virus by itself is only one half of the equation and just like I'd been exposed to the flu where I had friends get the flu or a family get the flu I'd never gotten the flu in my life until I had let myself get to run down to the point where I was now susceptible. And I hear this story of many, many iterations. I hear it with COVID, I hear it with many other infections where oh you know it was New Year's Eve and I stayed up all night and I was drinking boom came down with whatever. Or I was the only one that didn't get it and then boom I was up too late three nights in a row for work and I only slept five hours a night then I got sick. So there is what comes from the outside and then there is the terrain and the terrain is almost entirely ignored by conventional medicine. Why? I don't fundamentally know. I just think conventional medicine is not really oriented around health it's oriented around pathology. And so if conventional medicine researched medicines that could be used to boost your immune system for example to be taken over a long time maybe you would recommend that but I think it just recommends Tamaflu basically.  One of our ancient texts, the Shang Han Lun is about basically herbal formulas at a base level. And in this text this practitioner this famous physician talks about how 70 of his extended clan his extended family and his area there had died of this what he calls cold damage but is usually a febrile event from a viral infection. And so he dedicated his life to trying to figure out how to treat these. Now one of the things he talks about one of the things that is the fundamental core of this text is that if you let your Yang get too weak it leads to an increased chance of getting cold damage i.e. this viral infection or getting sick. So from our perspective you could think of it as immunity, right?  Low immunity can come from poor diet from not enough sleep from acute alcohol consumption, right? Very common scenario I see is patients getting sick because they were staying up late till three, four, five in the morning and drinking alcohol. That's a great combo to get an upper respiratory infection. This idea though of protecting your Yang I have videos of this all over the channel here but it's so important because it is the foundation of what we do in Chinese medicine. We make it so that the body's resources are strong enough that if there's exposure that's not a cause for concern. The only cause for concern is that the terrain is weak and that the Yang is weak because then you are much more susceptible to catching something that goes around. So I think the most base level is you could view Yang as immunity. And this goes back to that idea when it's flu season why don't most people get it, right? Why do some people get it? Other people don't. And most people are even in the same family some people get it, some people don't. Same thing with COVID and many other illnesses. Some people get it, some people don't. It's not just the infection that is the factor that determines the outcome, right? A very serious pathogen will of course lead to a very likely very serious disease there's no doubt about that in the majority of people. But just like most people carry strep in their throat people even make out one person gets strep throat the other person doesn't. They both have their tongues on each other's throats. So if that's not the greatest evidence for the terrain being one of the essential factors in getting sick then I don't know what is. So just remembering that as we go into flu season and as we go into these other there's a lot else circulating not just the flu there's still cold viruses and coronavirus and just remember this idea of keeping your young strong keeping your resources strong your immune system strong and to pay close attention to your sleep and diet and exercise patterns. And if you notice yourself getting run down take extra precautions to make sure that you take it easy. Number one rule, protect the young and then most of the time there's a lot less to worry about. All right guys, that is what I have for you today make sure you check out the related video on protecting your young it's a whole video on that topic, super important. Again, before you go down below you can reach out to me if you wanna become a patient of mine locally in LA and there are two related videos for you that can help you right here.


Hi there, today on Typical Books we're going to be talking about some of the new books coming out for April, May, maybe June. I don't know. It's been a while since I've done one of these. So yes, new books coming out to terrorize your very soul. So yeah, there's been a lot of really fantastic books being set up for the spring and into summer and some really big names. We have some new Stephen King. We have new Joyce Carol Oates. We have all sorts of really cool big names and new names peppered in between. So without further ado, we're gonna pop on over to typicalbooks.com slash new books or new horror. I think that's what it is. The link will be below. The Ghost of Ravenwood Hall, which is a cover I've seen quite a bit when William Gare's estranged father dies under mysterious circumstances and makes a heinous accusation against him. Will must journey to a place that has haunted him since childhood, a place he vowed to never return. Ravenswood Hall. I just love the name of that. That sounds really good. Memories of the past are the least of Will's troubles. Stories of murder and witchcraft hinder Will's efforts to settle the estate and clear his name. And at the heart of it all is a Spanish painter named Lenora Laveau. Okay, he got some voodoo kind of feels going on with that and some agrell and poe kind of nods in that name alone. Now a fixture in this crumbling hall. She claims to have witnessed Will's father leap from the widow's walk in the Throws of Lunacy. Rumors in town tell the darker side that she drove him to it. Okay, I'm sold. That's very interesting. Everything about it from the name of the hall to Lenora Laveau. That's kind of cool. Will could be anybody. The Thing in the Wind by Bill Mullen. Okay, if I had to choose just between these books alone, I think I would choose this one because it's a Canadian sort of book. A search party stumbles upon unspeakable horror that threatens both lives and sanity. In the heart of the Canadian wilderness, a harrowing tale of survival and psychological horror unfolds in this gripping novel. That's not part of the summary, people. I don't... That shouldn't be on the back of the book. It doesn't tell you anything about it. It doesn't make me want to buy it that you think it's a gripping tale. My gosh. Sorry, rant over. Amidst the vast unforgiving landscape, a woman's world is shattered by the mysterious disappearance of her mother in the remote reaches of Northern Saskatchewan. Along with her father and a small determined search party, she abarks on a desperate quest for answers only to encounter an unspeakable horror lurking in the shadows of the ancient forest. Not enough horror comes out of Saskatchewan. Not enough anything comes out of Saskatchewan, it seems. So I'm quite interested in hearing more about the forgotten province. Yeah, very intrigued. I like the sound of this. That was The Thing in the Wind by Bill Mull and it comes out April 1st, as did Ravenswood Hall. April 2nd. I know that these have already come out and everyone's heard quite a lot about all the fiends of Hall by Adam Neville. Seeing them mourning is no blessing. The handful of scattered survivors are confronted by blood-red skies and an infestation of predatory horrors that never originated on Earth. An occupying force intent on erasing the remnants of animal life on this planet. That's scary. No wonder people are enjoying this one so much. Across the deserted landscapes of England, bereft of infrastructure and society, the overlooked can either hide or try to outrun the infernal hunting terrors until a rumor emerges claiming that the sea may offer an escape. Interesting. You know, up until now I didn't really know what that was about because I was skipping reviews of it so that I could read it in peace someday and find out about it myself, but there we are. Cranberry Cove by Hailey Piper. Hailey Piper fans rejoice. What's been happening at Cranberry Cove? It's unspeakable. It's unspoken. Umberley Hale is about to take a dark journey inside the derelict hotel and inside her own past to find out the horrible truth. I'm intrigued. There's an escape room horror coming out also on April 2nd called No Escape by Maureen Stoffels and it says Luxie receives an invitation to participate in a brand new escape room along with her best friend Tess. She's thrilled. They could both use the distraction after a recent tragedy, but once inside they learn that they must compete against one another. I like escape rooms. I've never really participated in one, but I've seen like the inside of one and the inner workings of them and I've heard all about them. Maybe I should or maybe I should just read this book. Also on April 2nd we have Only the Dead by R. W. Duder. Dive into a slasher anthology that explores the transformation of men into monsters amidst the horrors of war. Innocence clashes with darkness and survival becomes a desperate struggle of the will. Okay. Innocence clashes with darkness and survival becomes a desperate struggle against evil. Okay. Short and sweet. Only the dead. An anthology out August 2nd. It says anthology but I think it may be a collection because it lists only the one author. We have an anthology of horror writers for climate action and it's called Revelations and it features quite a few authors. Nunzo Ono, Clyde Barker, Stephen King, Buendelen Kais, Paul Tromblay, and many others it says. So it is horror writers for climate action. Also on April 2nd someone you can build a nest in by John Liswell. Shishishin is a shapeshifter that lives happily in an amorphous lump at the bottom of a ruined manor. When her rest is interrupted by a hunter intent on murdering her she constructs a body from the remains of past meals. A metal chain for a backbone. Borrowed bones for limbs and a bear trap for an extra mouth. An extra mouth. Someone you can build a nest in. I just like the title. Getting better as a society at titling horror novels. The Black Girl Survives. This one horror stories edited by Desiree S. Evans and Sorecha J. Fennell. Celebrating a new generation of best-selling and acclaimed Black writers, The Black Girl Survives in this one makes space for Black girls in horror.  Okay, very interesting. I love the cover of that one as well. We're going to skip some April 2nd because there's so much up to this skin was once mine and other disturbances by Eric the Roca. A brand new collection of four intense claustrophobic and terrifying horror tales from the Brand Stoker Award-dominated and splatterpunk award-winning author of Things Have Gotten Worse since we last spoke. Good titles sometimes. Interesting covers. People are ripping off this sort of titling and cover combination and it's unsettling to me to a certain degree because it doesn't always work. It doesn't always work. It doesn't always work for the masters of it either. But this skin was once mine and other disturbances. I like that. I'm interested in this skin was once mine, the title story. There's other stories called seedling, all the parts of you that won't easily burn and prickle. A one-word title from Eric the Roca. I am here for it, as the kids say. On April 9th we have Ghost Station by S.A. Barnes. An abandoned plant, a hidden past, and a deadly danger. I've always disliked those sorts of like gatling gun descriptions at the beginning of summaries and often I just don't put them in. Same with when they're talking like that earlier novel about what a harrowing good read it is.  Psychologist Dr. Ophelia Bray has dedicated her life to the study in preservation of E.R.S. The most famous case of which resulted in a brutal murder of 29 people. It's personal to her and when she's assigned to a small exploration crew who recently suffered the tragic death of a colleague she wants to help. But as they begin to establish residency on an abandoned planet, it becomes clear that the crew is hiding something. So yeah, if you like space horror, we don't get enough of it, then Ghost Station is for you. Grey Dog by Elliot Geshe, which I did receive a review copy of, it's sitting back here. There is a review on my channel for it as well. The year is 1901 and Ada Bird, spinster, school marm, amateur naturalist accepts a cheating post in the isolated Lowry Bridge. Grateful for the chance to reestablish herself when no one knows her secrets. She develops friendships with her neighbors, explores the woods with her students, and begins to see the future in this tiny farming community. Her past riddled with grief and shame has never seemed so far away. She begins to witness strange phenomena, a swarm of dying crickets, a self mutilating rabbit, and a malformed fawn. And she soon believes that something old and beastly, which she calls the Grey Dog, is behind these visceral offerings. And I'll leave it there because the description goes on, but fantastic book. If you're interested in a review, I have one here as well. Myrrh by Polly Hull. Myrrh has a goblin inside her, a voice in her head that tells her all the things she's done wrong, that berates her and drags her down, desperately searching for her birth parents across dilapidated seaside towns in south coast of England. She finds herself silenced and cut off at every step. Also on April 9th, we have The Gathering, a novel by CJ Tudor. In a small Alaska town, a boy has found this throat ripped out and the blood drained from his body. The inhabitants of Deadheart haven't seen a killing like this in 25 years, but they know who's responsible. A member of the colony, an ostracized community of vampires living in an old mine settlement deep in the woods. So if you miss 30 days of night, like I do, then The Gathering by CJ Tudor may be for you.  Behind the facade of sweetness and light, there lurks a darkness that defies comprehension as the veil of innocence is cruelly stripped away to reveal something far more sinister. Journey through the twisted minds of evil children. So it's evil child anthology in splatterpink or extreme fashion. So the kids probably live in that one. There was a conversation on Reddit recently about what you don't like in horror, what makes you put it down. And some people were talking about torture of children, of course, is something no one wants to read about. But interestingly, they find in extreme and splatterpink, the children typically make it out alive and fairly unscathed. Very interesting. Also on the 12th we have Unholy Trinity, The Unholy Trinity by Al-Marie Wood. Dive into the terrifying worlds of Al-Marie Wood. These stories range from quiet horror hinting at the things buried there in your psyche, the things that will come out to play after dark, and visceral horror that leaves no doubt what lies in a bloody heap in the middle of the floor. Fun stuff. On April 15th we have The Count by David Jack Fletcher. When Sam's axe, Danny, winds up gutted beyond recognition, Sam has no memory of where he was at the time. He can only remember the strange comfort of his new house. The endless ticking of the clock he can't find.  Sam's guilt over Danny is undercut by the endless ticking, a growing desire to drink from the dead, and an anonymous GPS pings that lead him to corpses. The stench of them already makes him hungry. So something has changed in Sam's world. The Count by David Jack Fletcher. Sounds very interesting out of the cover. We have Indian Burial Ground by Nick Medina. This was on the patron pick as well, which did not win. What did win is The Haunting of Velkwood by Gwendolyn Keist, so I will be reading that very very soon. That came out last month. So Indian Burial Ground. All Naomi wanted was a fresh start with a new boyfriend who actually treats her right in a plan to move from the reservation she grew up on just like her beloved Uncle Louis before her. Things are finally looking up for Naomi until the news of her boyfriend's apparent suicide brings her world crumbling down. But the facts about Roddy's death just don't add up, and Naomi isn't the only one who suspects that something menacing may be lurking on their tribal lands. That sounds scary to me, and that's why it was on my list. This one I hadn't seen though, Lord of the Feast by Tim Wagner. 20 years ago, a cult attempted to create their own God, the Lord of the Feast. The God was horrible, a misbegotten thing. However, the cultists killed their creature before it could come to its full power. The cultists trapped the pieces of their God inside mystic night stones, and then went their separate ways. Okay, very intrigued. I did hear Tim Wagner speak last year at Stoker Con, and I just, I need to read more of his work. I just love hearing him talk. I like the way he teaches writing. Very interested to check that out. Also on the 16th we have the other book I'll be reading from ECW Press, Withered by A. G. A. Wilmot. After the tragic death of their father and surviving a life-threatening eating disorder, 18-year-old Alice moves back with their mother to the small town of Blackstone, seeking a simpler life and some more space to recover.  It's a disquieting place surrounded by towns with some of the highest death rates in the county. Scary. It doesn't help that everyone says Alice's new house is haunted. Everyone, including Quinn, a local girl who has quickly captured Alice's attention. So yeah, I'm interested in the small town horror as ever. On May 2nd, we have some disturbing news. John Aathan has published his first collection of short stories. I mentioned this on the Patreon Only podcast. Do not disturb the first trilogy by John Aathan. I've not read any John Aathan, The Groomer, which is the book that everyone seems to know him by, did its rounds here on BookTube. A lot of people actually enjoyed it. It came with heavy trigger warnings. Did its rounds on BookTalk, where people seem to dip into extreme horror, where they're not really horror readers. But yeah, so I'm very intrigued. May 2nd, inspired by the 2016 clown sightings, killer clowns wreak havoc across the globe on a night of simultaneous coordinated attacks. A motel in the middle of nowhere, Nevada. A new resort in the Las Vegas Strip. A remote village nestled deep in the Nevada desert. Nowhere and no one is safe on the night of killer clowns. Do not disturb the first trilogy that is clown horror. Written by John Aathan. I'm very interested. On May 14th, we have something that reminds me of the bell witch, the body in the tree. It is Cinderwitch by Terry Priest. Decades after trespassing children spotted a desiccated corpse wedged in the treetop. No one knows the answer. Kate and her former college professor Dr. Judith Kane travel to Cinderwitch, Tennessee in hopes that maybe it was their Ellen. Katie's lost aunt and Judith's long lost lover. But they're not the only ones to have come here looking for closure. The people of Cinderwitch, a town hardly more than a skeleton itself, are staunchly resistant to the outsider's questions about Ellen and her killer. And the deeper the two women dig, the more they unearth and the closer they come to exhuming the evil lies hungering at the roots of Cinderwitch. I would like to live in a town called Cinderwitch. I think that's a perfect name for a town. We have a couple other things coming out May 14th. The house that horror built by Christina Henry catches my eye to a certain extent. There's quite a lot of like horror movie inspired horror coming up this summer and that is just one of them. But a girl, Harry Adams, is her name. I love that. That moves in to care for an aging movie director called Javier Castillo. And he has a forbidding Chicago mansion. She moves in. It's called Bright Horses, which made me laugh because I thought of Goodbye Horses for whatever reason. And it's filled from top to bottom with props and memorabilia. And he has been cloistered in there when a tragedy drove him to vanish from the industry. I don't see where the horror lies. I have to read more about that book, but the cover looks horrific and it is like a theme that's happening coming up in horror for whatever reason. On May 21st, we have Butcher, a novel by Joyce Carol Oates. In a harrowing story, based on the authentic historical documents, we follow the career of Dr. Silas Weir, father of Gyno-Sakayatri, as he ascends from professional anonymity to national renown. Humiliated by a procedure gone terribly wrong, Weir is forced to take a position in New Jersey asylum for female lunatics. And that was probably the exact name of it, the asylum for female lunatics, where he reigns. There he is allowed to continue his practice unchecked for decades, making a name for himself by focusing on women who will be neglected by the state. Women he subjects to the most grotesque modes of experimentalism. I'm very, very wary and very, very scared already. I think this will be a very uncomfortable body horror from Joyce Carol Oates, who writes horror just deliciously and terrifyingly with such sociopolitical aplomb that I am very much looking forward to this book from Joyce Carol Oates coming up May 21st, one to watch. Also on the same day, we have a Stephen King book. You Like It Darker Stories by Stephen King. You Like It Darker? Fine, then so do I, says Stephen King in the afterward to this magnificent new collection of 12 stories. Okay, tell us again how it's magnificent. 12 stories that delve into the darker parts of life, both metaphorical and literal. King has, for half a century, been the master of the form, and these stories about fate, mortality, luck, and the folds of reality where anything can happen are as rich and riveting as his novels, both weighty in theme and a huge pleasure to read. Okay, tell us again how it's a pleasure to read Stephen King. We all already know that, and we already know he's a legendary storyteller, but apparently these are fantastic and I don't doubt it. A lot of people have waited for him to really grab hold of what he had captured our hearts with, and I think this might touch on some of that. So You Like It Darker Stories by Stephen King coming May 21st. Perfect summer reading timing too. On May 28th, we have The Cannibal, which is something I'm looking forward to by Louise Flaherty and Solomon Awa. Based on an Inuit traditional story passed down orally for generations, The Cannibal tells the horrific tale of a family experiencing starvation when the animals they rely on for survival disappear. While the wife stays alive by eating plants she gathers daily, the husband does the unthinkable, resorting to murder and cannibalism. Horrified and terrified for her life, the wife eventually finds herself alone in camp with her husband. She knows what will happen to her if she does not find a way to escape. Hatching a plan, the exhausted wife embarks on a journey with her murderous husband in pursuit. Now that sounds fantastic. Inuit stories don't typically make it to the mainstream because they do rely on oral storytelling and stories are usually guarded by the storytellers in the community. And this must be based on one of those. It's very similar to the Wendigo story, right? So yeah, very much looking forward to The Cannibal. And that will round out April and May with a teaser to come in June, Small Town Horror by Ronald Malfi. I've only read The Snow, I believe, by Ronald Malfi and I really enjoyed it. He's got that sort of 80s schlock thing down pat and I really enjoy his work. He's a really good writer. So another Small Town story though, very interested in this. Andrew Larimer has left his past behind. Rising up the ranks in a New York law firm with a heavily pregnant wife, he is settling into a new life far from Kingsport, the town in which he grew up. But when he receives a late night phone call from an old friend like you do, he has no chance but to return home. Of course. I come from a Small Town, so I'm always just like, here we go. Something's gonna go wrong. Coming home means returning to his late father's house where he has seen better days. It means lying to his wife, but it also means reuniting with old friends. Eric, now the town's sheriff. Dale, a real estate mogul living in the shadow of a failed career. His childhood sweetheart, Teg, who could never escape town. And poor Meach, whose ravings about a curse upon the group, have driven him to drugs and alcohol. I am very interested in Small Town Horror by Ronald Malpy, and I would say it's going to be on the next patron pick poll, but I think I'm just gonna haul off and buy that entirely and leave other books coming up into June for the next poll. So yeah, if you'd like to vote on that, you can join the bookworms over on Patreon. And of course, if you're just interested in supporting all these books that I've talked about and more are on typicalbooks.com and the links that I list there are affiliate links so you could follow them to Amazon by the book and I get a small commission from that. And I also get to see what books people pick up based on my recommendations, which is super cool because they track all that. And not only books, if you buy other stuff like you use the link to go to Amazon and then buy other stuff. So I've seen other people buy like ear pods or camera equipment because they're also booktubers. But yeah, I digress. That is all of the books that I thought caught my eye for April and May and Ronald Malpy's fantastic sounding Small Town Horror coming out in June. Have you read any of these books or any of them already on your list too? Let me know in the comments and thank you very much for watching. Have an oaky spooky day.