Okay. So good morning everybody. So let me first identify who I am. So I am a kind of material physicist and I have been looking for new compound with exotic you know state. In particular you know those you know formed by so-called correlated electrons have been kind of my field for a long. So I like you know are on yesterday you know I attended to you know one of the very first high TC conference in Toureste in 1988. So that means I'm old again and since then you know I have been motivated to look for kind of exotic phases you know from materials you know perspective. Okay. So today among you know many exotic you know phases you know let me speak about the quantum spin liquid. Yeah. So let me speak about the quantum spin liquid. And during two weeks you know there are many talks on quantum spin liquid and I'm gonna give you a bit lower level of you know lecture than you know those you know given kind of earlier.  And that you know last week Natasha gave a beautiful overview of quantum spin liquid. And the UG Matsuda you know gave you know some sort of state of art discovery of you know cantites you know thermal hole effect. And today you know I try to cover a bit you know bigger kind of perspective of quantum spin liquid in general. Not only quantum spin liquid but so called the RVV type you know quantum spin liquid. So here is kind of outline. And I have you know two lectures in the morning one in the morning and you know the other in the afternoon. And then in the morning let me try to give you kind of a concept you know background. Okay I'm going to give you you know kind of experiment as the way of you know what is you know quantum spin liquid. And first you know I'm going to discuss about you know kind of a classical canonical quantum spin liquid based on RVV. And then you know let me give you an experimental way of understanding you know what is you know Kitev quantum spin liquid. In the afternoon let me take you to the world of reality. Meaning that you know we have you know number of you know compounds where you know those you know quantum spin liquid is highly likely realized. And let me you know show you some of you know convincing example of quantum spin liquid in the old material. Okay starting from organic you know quantum spin liquid to inorganic you know quantum spin liquid and the later Kitev you know quantum spin liquid. And let me show you you know how to take a look at all the experimental data. Okay so this might be a bit too naive but you know when you know we learned you know solid state you know physics we learned you know the out test you know orbital in solid determines you know electric you know property. And the each you know orbital can accommodate you know two electrons you know up and down spin. And if you have you know two electrons you know the orbital are completely occupied and the material is kind of bond insulator. But if you have you know only one electron power without you know using a bacon site you know they kind of travel around almost freely and therefore some sort of electron gas. Okay and that's a kind of very basics of Kondesmar. But in so called that torrential metal oxide which you know I have been working for you know more than kind of 30 years. The out test orbital is the orbital. And if you take a look at the wave function of you know any called three orbital state as you can see you know the you know radial distribution of wave function becomes narrower and narrower on going from 3F to 3D. And 3D you know the orbital is quite localized so they are kind of orbiting you know very hard. Okay and because that you know 3D orbital tend to be kind of confined in space substantially. And if you put two electrons on the same orbital you know we estimate you know Coulomb deposition between two electrons could be 2 to 10 electron volt. Actually if you naively calculate Coulomb deposition between two electrons you know with you know one almost long distance you will get something like 10 electron volt. Okay so this 2 to 10 electron volt kind of quite natural number. And then this Coulomb new is even larger than you know a typical Fermi energy two electron volt. And as a result the motion of you know electron is you know kind of blocked by you know Coulomb repulsion. If you know electron want to hop you know next you know site. If you know other electron sitting already you know you will be pushed back. Okay and as a result in order to hop around the electron has to find the vacant site. And because that you know electrons are kind of strongly entangled that's why we call those you know electron system correlated electrons. So this you know correlated electron you know if you know they move around can be viewed as you know electron like it. And in the limit of you know strongly you know Coulomb new you know finally you know electron you know stop you know moving around and form some sort of a solid called the motto insulator. And as you see you know charge degree of freedom is completely blocked but of course you have a spin degree of freedom up and down and using this you know the system could be a magnet. And you know through those kind of interaction inside the solid okay you can have you know variety of electric phases you know formed. Not only electron gas but sometimes you know correlated the liquid sometimes electron solid like electron crystal super fluid could be viewed as superconductor. And we discuss liquid crystal state of you know electrons.   And also the orbital is in general five four degenerate okay.  So that you know we call multiple degrees of freedom. And often you know those you know charge spin orbital degree of freedom behave independently from each other. For example you know you can have a situation like charge solid you know charge doesn't move but the spin remains in the liquid state called the spin liquid which I'm going to speak about. Although not yet identified people discuss you know possibility of orbital liquid okay. So charge is kind of solid however you know orbital kind of fluctuating. That kind of state could exist. Now of course in reality you know charge spin orbital you know they are not completely independent with the other and they kind of coupled you know because they belong to the same electron. And the form even more complicated set of organized pattern of charge and spin orbital okay. That's why you know those you know phases of you know electrons are kind of interesting. And a typical example of electric phase you know you might be able to find it in high Tc cuprate.  And that situation you can view as you know electrons. Electrons from it. And as they are insulators and as they experience you know magnetic you know phase transition into anti afl magnet. And that situation you can view as you know spin liquid you know solid transition. And by doping you know soil melt into stranger you know liquid state. This might be viewed as electron liquid you know crystal called pseudo gap state. And eventually you know they became you know electron liquid where we have electron liquid. But on the way you have you know D-wave superconductivity. And of course in a dilute limit you know they should be viewed as simple electron gas. And in a you know transition metal oxide okay you can see those you know exotic active phases you know here and there. And here is kind of some of the example of you know phase diagram of transition metal oxide. And you can see many phases are competing with each other right. So you have solid one solid two liquid one liquid two you know kind of phase competition is one of the hallmarks of oxide physics. Now by recognizing those you know richness of electric phase in transition metal oxide let me focus you know one kind of specific charming phase kind of my favorite phase. And my favorite phase is you know quantum spinning which is you know title of today. So suppose you know we have you know charged solid multi insulator okay. So now you know because of a coolant power electron cannot move okay. And if you know neighboring spins are kind of anti-parallel each other as you know.  But in case of ferromagnetic arrangement you know because of probably exclusion principle you know this you know spin cannot travel to next site okay. So only when you have anti ferromagnetic you know configuration you can gain kind of some energy by you know perturbation something like this. So if you know you have you know single orbital multi-unit state in general you know magnetic interaction between two spins anti ferromagnetic okay. Of course if you have you know more than one orbital relevant you know the situation is much more complicated. But through this you know so-called exchange in the process you know you know most of you know multi-insulator is anti ferromagnetic. And then before you know this kind of high Tc cube plate you know our hero Phil Anderson you know wrote a you know one paper you know almost 50 years ago now. So he said that a new kind of insulator.  So this situation can be viewed as a spin solid. But if you put it on kind of triangle okay there are no way you know to find a you know configuration all the bond are kind of happy meaning in anti ferromagnetic. And with combination with you know counter effect counter fluctuation you know on the kind of triangle at least you know Anderson stated you know grand state is some sort of you know counter spin and this kind of he named you know a new kind of insulator 50 years ago. Okay so I don't know you know how to express the image of a quantum spin like it but it's kind of something like this. And then you know and I you know this kind of motivated experiment a lot and you know many experimenters even kind of one or two generation you know before me have been looking for quantum spin state based on triangular magnet. But somehow you know those attempt wasn't you know quite you know successful. And after high Tc somehow you know material committee community you know come come to counter you know magnetic community you know clobby and I think that was you know big you know breakthrough for the community. And now you know we have you know many kind of a candidate for in Anderson quantum spin. And I said that you know combination of a geometrical frustration and the counter fluctuation.  Okay so this is kind of anti ferromagnetic. So you have you know up and up down up down you know configuration and the pointing G direction that's kind of anti ferromagnetic. And you know start from you know Heisenberg you know anti ferromagnetic Hamiltonian. Okay so you have kind of three component XYG but this configuration you know they can gain only through G component. And then because that you know when you know they discovered anti ferromagnetic. As far as I understand there are discussion you know whether anti ferromagnetic you know could be stable or not. And why you know anti ferromagnetic kind of unstable you know let me use you know some sort of a hand waving argument. Consider only two spins okay neighboring two spins okay you know coupled you know Heisenberg. And as many of you know you have you know kind of four states up and down times two. And those state in the presence of Heisenberg interaction you know split into singlet gaining you know minus three-quarter J and the triplet you know gaining you know and that's kind of unstable you know quarter J you know above you know zero energy. Okay so the grand state is you know many of you know spin singlet and that is kind of superposition of up down and down up okay. And consider you know anti ferromagnetic situation just you know up down. And as you see you know this anti ferromagnetic situation is a superposition of 50% triplet and the 50% singlet. So this is you know configuration you know the energy is you know minus you know quarter J okay. So by kind of adding you know two different you know configuration he actually you gain kind of some energy okay you know coming from here. And so this you know sometimes as far as I understand the people call it anti ferromagnetic or anti ferromagnetic is not you know robust against the quantum fluctuation superposition of those two and the singlet is kind of stable. And I think that that's kind of a basis of Anderson's argument. Now once knowing that you know those you know singlet or quantum fluctuation you know stabilizes singlet you know state maybe you might you know consider what could be ground state okay.  So you form ladders of you know spin singlet pairs okay. And again you know the energy of spin singlet. And this situation is called variance bond solid. So it means that you know this spin singlet you know pair you know occupies a specific side you know they form ladders that's why we call it variance bond solid. We often write down like a VBS state okay. And apparently you know this state okay you are kind of breaking you know symmetry. And I often you know this state is not you know so stable if you do calculate it. But you forget about ladders. And in reality you know we often see those you know balance bond solid state in real material because you know you have coupling to ladders. And once you know you have kind of shortened bond by ladders distortion you can stabilize this singlet state and stabilize the balance bond solid state. So this state is you know not you know so unstable okay. But you know if you don't like you know lattice distortion maybe you know instead of having a solid state of you know singlet you may prefer you know kind of super portion of different you know distribution of spin singlet okay. So like on a triangular lattice because of geometric frustration you have you know many way of you know placing a spin singlet on top of triangular lattice okay. And let's consider you know constant super position of different distribution of you know singlet state. So the state is kind of yes. Balance bond in the solid fully gains this singlet and therefore spin singlet yeah yeah yeah. But compared with those you know if you do calculate numerically you know often those states are kind of more kind of stable. But in reality you know there are coupling with lattice and that could change you know thing.  So this is kind of you know most naive image of what is you know quantum spin ligates okay. So you have you know kind of a short range you know singlet you know pair and you have you know many way to distribute the spin singlet on to triangular lattice and why don't we consider all kind of state and quantum mechanically you know sum out okay. So those states are kind of a quantum mechanically kind of you know fluctuating. But because of super position okay what's important is they do not you know break symmetry. So symmetry not you know block okay. And at the moment you know we consider only next nearest you know nearest neighbor singlet pair and that we call the short range algorithm. But of course you might you know consider you know long range you know singlet pair okay. Then actually you have you know even more kind of a different you know possible you know choices and you can consider you know super portion of you know long range you know pair. That is called the long range algorithm. And at this state okay you know perhaps you know those you know singlet are only nearest neighbor singlet. So in order to excite you know those kind of a singlet you have to create a triplet. So this you know state it's kind of highly likely you know you have a kind of gap in the excitation. However those long range in RVB it's kind of super position of a strong pair and the moderately you know slog in a pair very weak pair and eventually you know zero. So there is a kind of a distribution of excited state okay. So you can have you know zero energy excitation and then you have you know kind of a continuum excitation. Because the presence of you know strong pair and weak you know pair. And at this you know we expect you know excitation is kind of a gapless okay. But again you know by super posing all those different state global symmetry not you know block. But as you see you know from this so those two are called the quantum spin liquid. Okay because of a quantum super position of a singlet state. But you know as you see you know you can have you know many different you know kind of you know quantum spin liquid. So quantum spin liquid is not uniquely defined. I think this is kind of one of the most important in this morning. And one of the hallmarks of those you know quantum spin liquid state is called the fluxionization.  S equal one kind of excitation. But in a quantum spin liquid you know those you know S equal one kind of excitation you know they can kind of split into two free S equal one half like excitation. And so this situation we have you know elementary excitation like a spin one half. This is called spinon. And this is kind of a pharaonic. And you know people believe you know they can form some sort of a pharynx surface of you know spinons okay. And since spin one excitation split into two spin and a half you know people call it fluxionization. So in a conventional magnet it's actually some people discussed last week you know you have you know well defined you know magnon dispersion. Line of excitation. But you know quantum spin liquid because of those mobile you know spin one half you know excitation called spinon okay. And even they can form a kind of pharynx surface. So the excitation is like a metal. And you can have you know kind of a continuum excitation. So people take you know the presence of a continuum excitation as kind of evidence for fluxionization okay. So this is actually you know you can find the finding her textbook yes. So this is just you know like a metal yes. Could you speak up please you know so actually there's air conditioning above me. Yeah so I think you know even in a you know short-range RVV case there could be kind of a spinon. I think that could be kind of quite an important distinction between you know kind of thinking so yeah. For example like Kagome lattice you know they could have gap but still you know they discuss language of continuum and fluxionization yeah yeah I think yeah I think so but there could be subspecies right yeah it should be yes. Oh that's a very good question maybe you know is there any neutron scatter in the audience. In general you know higher the process you know intensive much kind of weaker right yeah yeah yeah thank you. And of course you know this concept of fluxionization you know came from 1D system. So 1D Heisenberg we have kind of exact you know kind of you know solution you know based on the answer and you know by neutron deflection you can see beautiful kind of continuum you know like this and this actually you know people believe you know kind of experimental evidence for fluxionization of spin excitation in case of 1D. And this can be compared with you know kind of theory in a sophisticated way okay. So there is a kind of analogy between 1D or 2D or you know many of the concepts of 2D you know came from kind of 1D. But the the difference is following so in case of 1D we know what is exotic ground state as far as I understand. But in case of 2D you know this RVB like state including short length you know long length you know nobody obtained that you know RVB like you know state as exact solution of any Hamiltonian you know. So the only way to do kind of new medical you know calculation but new medical calculations you know they're kind of side effect and you know they're kind of a sign problem and you know they're kind of a you know confusion among theory quick. And I don't have a deep understanding of you know what is the kind of point.  You know what the Kagome lattice right. And the Kagome lattice you know anti ferromagnet you know you have redefined Hamiltonian but nobody can solve it. And people that's you know kind of new medical calculation but there was kind of a you know big you know confusion among theorists okay what could be the grand state of Kagome anti ferromagnet until very recently and like somebody said you know okay so Kagome anti ferromagnet you know there should be a kind of small gap in spin excitation like a short range you know RVB and you know that should be described as kind of a G2 gap spin liquid but some people say oh this is gapless you want spin liquid and there are still kind of many paper archive okay. And I don't know who should kind of trust you know so I'm sorry but so let me say some people said oh this is kind of final answer but then you know another paper shows up no no it's not in final answer yet and there should be you know gap you know there should be gapless something like that and let me talk about this subject you know afterwards you know by showing some of our experimental realization of Kagome lattice okay. So in the sense you know RVB spin liquid I think everybody believe existence but somehow reality is kind of not fully understood yet you know compared with you know 1D that's kind of message and somehow you know maybe you you you can say you know two statement one is you know okay though I will be kind of spin liquid you know you know kind of theoretical support is not good enough okay or you know you may say because you know theory cannot you know predict what it is that's why it is interesting to the experiment you know there could be kind of two way of understanding current you know situation but anyway recognizing you know that kind of chaos there was a kind of big you know kind of recent breakthrough by Alex you know that's you know what I want to tell you next okay. So somehow you know Kitef is not you know in the Konnetsumata community but he suddenly jump into this you know issue you know from the perspective of you know quantum computation and so on and some time ago I think you know you know more than kind of 10 years ago he proposed that you know he's Hamiltonian called the Kitef Hamiltonian. There are many Hamiltonian with the name of Kitef but this is you know one of the most famous one Kitef model on hand camera days okay and somehow he kind of find this you know Hamiltonian you know you he can get the exact you know solution and now you know from his work you know actually what is you know quantum spin liquid exactly and that's why you know everybody's kind of motivated you know to work on the you know Kitef quantum spin liquid nowadays okay. So what you know Kitef did was he placed the spin one half you know moment on hand camera okay so in the sense that you know the model is quite simple you know when on hand camera and spin one half and now on hand camera you have you know three bonds right so called 120 degree bond right on the hand camera and as you see you know those kind of three bond are colored like a green blue red okay so actually you can color all kind of bond okay in three color on the hand camera days and he placed you know some sort of a strong you know icing ferromagnetic interaction on top of those kind of three bonds okay and this is an easy axis on the bond okay you have a choice and in his model okay okay this you know red little bond okay easy axis g direction and a blue bond icing axis y direction okay and a green bond easy axis is x direction okay so you have you know three orthogonal icing easy axis for three bond okay and they are orthogonal to each other I think that's the point so naive image is like I suppose that you have you know spins on top of number six right and if you consider bond within number one you know they want to polarize spin along g direction right but green you know they want to polarize you know spins along x direction and the blue try to polarize you know spin on six to y direction x y g orthogonal okay so three you know orthogonal pretty hard direction so therefore those you know three bond conflict with each other on number six right each side you know you have been conflict of three bond okay that gives a strong you know frustration like a triangle okay that that's the source and then naively you know like you can make a like a happy bond right you know like you know green would like to polarize spin along x right so you have you know spin x pere among pair on this you know green bond and the blue you know you can have you know spin why you know fellow bond okay and then they're kind of happy and those two you know they don't talk each other right so they can fill up in all kind of spins which kind of happy bond like this way and of course you know like you know triangle lattice there are many way of filling hand cam lattice which is only happy bond and you may consider you know super position of different you know arrangement of happy bond okay so each spin must choose you know one happy bond okay but you can distribute happy bond different way and then you can have you know super position of you know those in happy pair so this is come somehow to you know similar to our real estate and the innocence that you know I believe this model is kind of in deeper connected to you know our real estate okay but of course this is a kind of experimental way of understanding that but you know theorists are much senior smarter than me and you know actually exactly solved his Hamiltonian and let me trace what he did okay on my understanding okay if you know I say something wrong maybe you know you know correct me so this is kind of Hamiltonian and the first point is you can define a quantity called the g2 flag okay so you kind of a merge polite you know those kind of word you know spring operator along hexagon okay one two six okay so this is called the g2 flux in quantity and somehow you know it shows that this g2 flux commute with you know Hamiltonian okay so therefore you know w you know g2 flux is a concept property okay and that you know this is kind of local you know quantity okay so therefore you can define okay and that you know again value of w is kind of plus minus one so you have you know plus minus one flux for each kind of bracket because you know w is conserved in the local quantity and that's kind of as far as I understand that you know one of the first important point and then actually he introduced you know so-called the Magrana you know operator you know it's quite a mathematics like a full Milano operator you know x y g direction and you know matter you know Milano c and you replaced that you know spring operator with you know two Milano operator p and c so as Yonbak discussed yesterday so this Hamiltonian you know you have you know four Milano operator product of four Milano operator but there is a you know pattern coming from c and also from b like you know a but you know you can easily find even I can calculate that this b commutes you know h and also w so it kind of measures that you know this you know g2 flux and take you know plus minus you know one so if you know so that means you know consider you know this a you know this time kind of plus minus one okay so you have you know something like a j ci dagger cj that's you know nothing but you know Hamiltonian of electron on top of Hancock already so then she should have you know kind of a direct like you know dispersion okay that's why you know you you have you know direct like you know dispersion of you know matter my life and this p term defines this you know hopping in a parameter so if you know this you know flux is not in order you have kind of a random phase you know plus minus you know from you know placket to placket but at low temperature you know flux you know that order and then actually you have kind of uniform you know phase and then you have direct dispersion that's kind of grand mistake that's you know what you know how you know kitex of this Hamiltonian as far as you know I understand okay but now you know this w is kind of a local you know quantity okay and you know kind of conserved so like excitation related to w should have a gap okay and the real spin real spin is kind of a combination of b and c but it must you know contain you know b kind of operator so therefore in a you know excitation of a real spin you know you have to kind of excite you know this g2 flux so therefore you might expect a gap in kind of spin excitation but anyway so you know this seminar work of work tape we have you know exactly sort of quantum spin liquid you know finally we see what it is and grand state is kind of consist consisting of two kinds of marina fermions you know one is a dirac which is kind of a gapless and the other is kind of localized you know defined you know each you know hand come to hand come so called g2 flux that is the kind of gap but once you know that but I cannot but the theorists can calculate you know what kind of response you can expect you know from a type you know can come spinning and this is you know one of the you know earliest you know calculation you know by you know I honest know and my friend that you know relatively you know emotional and this is a dynamical structure so it's kind of a neutron scattering a spectrum okay and you see you know kind of continuum excitation okay and on top of that you see do you see kind of blue here okay this is kind of zero excitation okay so meaning there is a kind of a gap in the excitation and I understand that this small excitation gap you know comes from local g2 flux because you know spin operator you know of excited real spin you know you have to you know deal with two kinds of marina and you know one is a kind of localized marina and you know flipping you know plus minus one that's quite local in character and have a excitation gap so somehow you know at least that this is a direct dispersion of matter you know marina phenomenon kind of gap place like a direct you know ceremony but never let's say in a neutron exciting spectrum you are supposed to see gap and I find as I said discussed this you know somehow gap place you know gap you know those kind of a reflex fluctuation into two kind of marina okay or you can calculate you know thermodynamic you know quantity of you know can't understand and I don't know how tough it is but according to my friend Motome you know he developed a special kind of methodology to calculate thermodynamics of those active you know state and according to him yeah so the dynamic signature you can classify 3dg at high temperature everything disordered thermal disordered okay this is kind of red region and then you know around the you know zero sets type interaction okay uh serromagnetic type interaction okay so with uh you know temperature of type interaction you know spin start you know correlating with each other but still you know it's kind of a summary disordered you know state okay so correlation develops but still kind of a disordered and eventually in the blue region blue region uh you have kind of ordering with g2 flux as I said the g2 flux is kind of local quantity and defined you know for each hexagon and at low temperature you know they tend to order and that happens but this happens you know at you know very low temperature as you see like 10 to the minus second 10 to the minus you know fourth of you know ketamine interaction and in general in the existing compound ketamine interaction is over the order 100 k 100 k okay so that means one here is you know 100 kb and the flux ordering takes place you know one percent of ketamine interaction that means one k okay and this is you know 100 milik k and this is 10 milik kb okay so this flux ordering and the real you know like this function should show up you know at you know very low temperature reflecting a disorder of this g2 flux okay and they calculated the specific heat and in a kind of a disordered you know correlated the spin phase it's like you know classical spin you know you see almost a linear behavior but at you know low temperature you see where they find anomaly okay and this is kind of related to ordering of flux g2 flux you know plus minus one each you know hexagon okay and if you calculate entropy okay you divide the specific heat by temperature and integrate you know this area over you can calculate entropy and they calculate the entropy associated this you know low temperature peak okay from purple to blue is you know exactly 50 percent of our low too okay 50 percent of our low too okay or maybe pasting you know 50 percent of kb log 2 right so each spin has you know choice up and down so they have in kb log 2 entropy and this you know you know ordering of flux carries 50 percent that means this low chi and mylarna carries a 50 percent of a spin entropy they say you know it's some sort of a reflection of again fluctuated fractionalization of you know spin one half you know moment okay so you have kind of matta pheromone you have you know it and you know pheromone and this is related to ordering of localized your mylarna pheromones you know carries a 50 percent of entropy okay and as they say it's kind of a signature of fluctuation okay but somehow for pure qtf you know magnet you know we know what it is and we don't have you know confusion of a gap okay and we know how those you know physical property behaves okay that's kind of a nice part of qtf actually yeah so sign of a interaction could be either positive or negative so even you know anti-fellow case you can draw exactly the same so no no difference yeah so in the sense that this you know ijig pair formation is kind of a sense okay so so somehow this is kind of a summary of kind of concept part okay and so this can town spin liquid is you know like a conventional magnet okay you have you know fellow anti-fellow or I think and this is a typical example of a block symmetry spontaneous block symmetry and the spring entropy kind of quenched at the transition but can town spin liquid uh no magnetic ordering no symmetry breaking and that remains you know countermechanically disordered and we have kind of more than one kind of a quantum spin liquid but anyway so spring entropy quenched you know they're kind of gradually so uh in some sense uh you know what I said it's a no magnetic ordering no symmetry breaking so we are searching for nothingness okay but somehow this is uh similar to the concept of jam doing what is then maybe Asian friend you know might know what is jam and actually you know if you visit the Japanese temple in Kyoto some of them are Zen temple and you see garden like this in stone garden like this and this represents you know concept of Zen meaning there's nothing right and this Zen tell us go to the state of nothingness okay go to the state of nothingness that's kind of important okay uh don't think okay this is don't think go state of nothing uh then uh you see hidden reality okay and uh somehow we are looking for state of nothing in quantum spin liquid but once we reach a state of nothing uh we will see hidden reality okay this is nothing but the central dogma of Zen you know concept and we should see reality uh exotic elementary exercises you know like fluctuation but that's why I like this quantum spin liquid as Japanese okay so yeah when I was high school student I refused to take exam and my high school was related to Buddhism so I was sent to Zen temple for two days and you have to sit still and don't think in anything go to state of nothing that's you know how you learn Zen concept okay and if you move you know priest is going to hit you it's a kind of tough you know punishment okay but now uh okay so as you know yes no it's not real sometimes faith transition yeah no no not you know faith transition not faith transition yeah I say flux ordering but yeah no no no no so in case of 2d type there is a no no faith transition okay it's like Zen you're nothing but of course you have a kind of a characteristic temperature and this corresponds to kind of ordering of flux okay so there are kind of excitation of you know excitation uh in uh locate my own channel and uh below that you know gap temperature you know you start saying yeah yeah very good question yeah but my understanding is like you know metal at the height of a there's a kind of a family excitation and at you know tco zero it's completely family degenerate and I saw the station like that and of course there is a kind of characteristic temperature for kind of family degeneracy however we never quite you know ordering and perhaps you know we don't we don't have you know any you know kind of order parameter here okay uh yeah I don't understand okay uh I'm sorry actually Yonbaki kind of gone I lost you know most important consultant here but uh there is a three dimensional architect system which I'm going to talk and in this case uh they categorize the same and they observe the you know thermodynamic you know faith transition and but the term means uh you know in case of a three dimensional architect you know quantum spin liquid you know has kind of redefined the phase and the path to order parameter but the physics uh you know uh I don't need uh my consultant question yes uh could you speak loudly please uh yeah so all the spin liquid you know should have kind of long-range kind of entanglement yeah okay so now I finished uh you know an easy partner for me okay now I'm I feel a bit more easier to speak about this uh let me speak about uh you know uh how to bring at all kind of concept into reality okay and in the afternoon I'm going to talk about existing compound okay but let let me do only kind of set up for theorists okay okay so this is uh you know uh kind of review article by patrically uh 10 years ago and then he said the an end of the drought of quantum spin liquid that means uh we have you know quantum spin liquid are the kind of reality actually you know around 10 years ago we started you know discovering realistic spin liquid you know candidate and from now on you know I'm going to talk about how to materialize those you know concept in real compound okay that's my job okay okay and I'm going to talk about organics you know inorganics you know oxide you know in this afternoon but before getting into uh realistic part uh let me try to make you feel a bit easier to handle those different kind of lattice okay so like a typical you know playground of those you know fluster lattice is like a triangular lattice Kagome lattice you know pyrrole lattice and maybe if you are kind of a theory student you may feel you know we may need a very special chemistry uh to realize you know this kind of lattice okay but I want to say okay take it easy actually you know uh triangle lattice you know here and there in the real world that that's what I mean okay so let me spend uh you know uh three four minutes you know for that uh before the break so uh first of all everybody even a theory colleague you know must know uh sodium chloride structure you know right yeah and uh normally you know you understand the you know this uh sodium chloride structure uh kind of cubic crystal structure right and you often consider this you know uh one zero zero zero one zero zero one direction right that's kind of normal way but why don't you take a look at you know along you know one one one direction you know highly symmetric direction and if you take a look at the sodium chloride structure from you know one one one okay you know uh the first layer blue layer actually you have you know uh okay let me consider nickel oxide okay uh so you know sodium chloride uh structured material and this is a blue kind of auction and the first layer if you do kind of atomic cliff uh you find the triangle lattice or auction you you can check it by yourself and the next layer okay is you know triangle lattice or nickel okay so like if you know nickel has a magnetic moment you have you know triangle lattice you know magnet you know here okay as uh nickel layer and the next layer is again kind of auction and uh so uh along one one one direction so if you kind of rotate your axis one one direction uh you have stack of uh nickel triangle lattice auction triangle nickel triangle auction triangle okay and there are you know thousands of compound which takes you know sodium chloride structure and everywhere you find the triangle lattice but of course uh this you know coupling along you know one one one direction is very strong so uh of course you know as you know you imagine from cubic crystal structure you know uh this nickel oxide is a three-dimensional magnet okay but of course you know uh we are not that stupid uh maybe you know you replace you know half of a nickel with a lithium you can do that right so there are magnetic nickel layer here and there and you replace you know one out of two nickel layer with a non-magnetic lithium layer okay so nickel all become a lithium you know 0.5 nickel 0.5 auction uh then you know uh nickel triangle lattice is kind of well separated then you can create a two-dimensional now nickel triangle lattice and the chemical formula lithium nickel O2 okay this is very famous uh triangle magnet okay so it's just a super structure along one one one direction and you take your nickel triangle lattice out okay that's how you make it and of course uh nickel triangle lattice okay uh if you replace okay one out of three nickel with a non-magnetic lithium uh you can create a hand cover like this okay like it is okay so you replace the half of a nickel with non-magnetic lithium now I replace you know one third of a nickel with a non-magnetic lithium that's how I can create a hand cover like this and this is nothing but the guitar compound okay all related to sodium chloride okay so always you know they start from sodium chloride you know triangular plane and we can manipulate using chemistry or again this is a sodium chloride structure and in a sodium chloride structure you know if you connect you know only sodium atom okay you find the tetrahedral right so in the sodium chloride lattice you connect you know only sodium ion then uh you create a tetrahedral like this and if you take you know only this tetrahedral out from sodium chloride structure you create you know lattice like this okay only corner share the tetrahedral you take out you see this lattice okay this lattice is not called the pylochlor lattice okay structure of pylochlor spinel oxide so if you forget about the pylochlor structure start from sodium chloride now if you take a look at the pylochlor structure along again one one one direction okay now uh you see uh okay stack of triangular lattice and the Kagome lattice so this is a pylochlor structure along one one one is you know stack of big in triangular lattice and the Kagome lattice so like if I use the same technique like replace you know part of it with non-magnetic ion I can create triangular lattice or I can create a Kagome lattice starting from this pylochlor lattice and this actually you know how I make Kagome compound okay which you know I'm going to talk in this afternoon but you know somehow sodium chloride structure is quite you know common you know structural category but out of that I can create all the family of triangular lattice okay so my message just you know theory colleagues take it easy okay you know whatever you know structure you create we can make it okay so I think you know in the kind of first part let me stop you know here take question


Hi friends welcome back to my channel and welcome if you're new here My name is Jen and I'm a certified weight loss and nutrition coach and I'm on the WW or the weight watchers blue plan It's Saturday. So it's another grocery haul day this week. I went to Walmart and to Trader Joe's I found some killer deals and a few new products to share with you as well So if you're excited for today's video, please give it a big huge thumbs up It really helps out my channel and let's me know to keep putting out these grocery hauls every single Saturday If you're new or you're not yet subscribed, of course I'd love to have you hit the little subscribe button and of course ring the bell next to it So you don't miss a single video down in the description box. You're going to find my newly released meal planner I am pretty close to being sold out of the first batch So if you're interested in a meal planner, which I highly highly recommend I will be sharing how it looks at the end of today's video when we go over my meal plan and meal prep I would grab it before it's gone It will be linked down in the description box along with my nutrition coaching website where you can pick up a 30 or 60 minute One-on-one coaching session or the meal planner or personalized macros and calories Let me do all the work and figure out your calories and macros for you So you're most successful on your weight loss journey You'll also find links and discount codes to my favorite things as well as my Facebook group also down in the description box So head on over and join us there. So we have a grocery haul a meal plan and a meal prep to go over. So let's jump in So here's this week's grocery haul what you don't see is a case of Diet Coke and Coors like for Troy Pretty usual every week, but I did find some really good deals this week and some new things I went to Walmart and to Trader Joe's So I'm going to show you the non food items first and then we'll jump in to all of the food that I picked Up for the week. I've been waiting for Bath and Body Works to have a good candle sale and they just haven't in a while So I thought that while I was at Walmart, I would pick up a few of their candles I've heard that they have really good throw really good sense and some of these fall scents were only a dollar Per candle on the price tag it was 333, but then when I rung them up They were a dollar so I picked up quite a few of the Walmart candles mold cider Which I love anything kind of spicy and it's still winter here. It is 7 degrees today So it is perfect timing to still have some winter candles. This one rang up as a dollar apple cider Donuts this smells delicious. This one was 333 Cozy gathering this one actually rung up as a dollar as well and fall farmhouse also rung up as a dollar So you can't beat that at all this coastal coconut from great value smells incredible This one was for 97 which is still cheaper than you can get Bath and Body Works candles when they're on a really really good sale So I grabbed that I thought that I would give these a try see what I think as far as how the scent throws and lasts I couldn't pass up two dollars for this bergamot and sage These are little wax cubes for the warmers. This smells so good for 488 I picked this up based on something I saw on tiktok This is one of those pointy-tilt holders with the scarf that hangs down I thought it was really cute and for less than five dollars I thought it would be fun to wear to jazz or size or if I just put my hair up for the day It would give it that nice cute kind of fun look and Trader Joe's had their daffodils a dollar seventy nine per bunch So I went ahead and picked up two bunches I'm going to put these in a pretty vase on my island They just remind me of spring and when it's this cold. I need all the spring I can get they were a dollar seventy nine per bundle so less than four dollars for two bundles That's everything for the non-food items. So the grocery portion eggs, of course, whenever I go to Walmart I do like to get the organic pasture-raised happy eggs These are the best eggs pretty much ever and they're the most affordable at Walmart. I also stocked up on ground beef I picked up the three pack of the 937 organic grass-fed grass-finished beef. I rave about this. It's my very favorite ground beef It's so good and it's less than 18 dollars for three pounds Which is really good for organic grass-fed grass-finished and then I did pick up a couple packs of just the traditional 96% sometimes I like a leaner ground beef for a recipe if the recipe is fairly high in point So I picked up two pounds of that sourdough bread for Troy sandwiches this next week He's gonna still do the Canadian bacon and cheese We sell quite a bit of Canadian bacon because I bought that big packet Costco So he's just gonna continue with those sandwiches this next week. I did buy the savory thin Crackers from Trader Joe's. I wanted something to dip in that spinach and artichoke dip from Costco And I didn't want to do chips because they're so high in points and calories for a little amount These crackers you can have 16 of them for 130 calories and the points here on the screen So I thought these would be great to dip in that spinach and artichoke dip two bottles of kombucha I still have some leftover from last week. I did order in my thrive order as well as in perfect food So I did stock up on my kombucha, but I did pick up two of the synergy pure love winter edition 297 a bottle at Walmart, which is really the cheapest you're going to find and this blood orange hibiscus and rose one is so good I don't usually do sugar-free anything But I have been hearing more and more about these sugar-free jello cups as a great low calorie snack There are five calories per cup. I wouldn't eat them all the time because of them being sugar-free and artificially flavored But I thought on a whim if I need something sweet and don't have points or calories left I thought that this would come in handy So I did decide just to get the four pack These will probably last me quite a while because I don't see eating these on a regular basis barley for meal prep I actually wanted regular barley, but all Walmart had was quick barley and the recipe I'm making is a slow cooker recipe So I hope that the quick part of this barley doesn't impact that recipe But I even looked at Trader Joe's and they didn't have any barley at all I wanted a couple of sweet treats for the week So of course at Trader Joe's the partake cookies the birthday cake ones are still there I love these cookies three cookies 150 calories or two points per cookie, which is not bad at all And they're so good. These are also gluten-free and vegan for my gluten-free and vegan friends out there But these are delicious and like I mentioned before they're a dollar less per box and the chocolate chip ones are $1.50 less per box Than it target sliced baby Swiss for Troy sandwiches We were out of sliced cheese and I thought this would pair nicely with the Canadian bacon And then of course I picked up another bag of the Trader Joe's light shredded three cheese blend Which is my favorite light shredded cheese a little baby can of no salt added tomato sauce for a dinner recipe Fat free evaporated milk for a recipe green beans for diesel and Lola They have one can left and that doesn't usually last an entire week And I did restock my vanilla extract from Trader Joe's this one is a great price $9 for four ounces of pure vanilla extract is an excellent price I saw these at Walmart as I was walking by and I had to pick them up I have never tried the sweet and salty kettle corn pop corners I like these because there's only four ingredients So they're a pretty good option and I thought this would also cure that crunchy and sweet So let me know down in the comments if you guys have tried the kettle corn and what you thought of it Organic beef broth this is for a dinner recipe and I did want to try this like I mentioned I'm not big on sugar-free, but I have heard really good things about this creamer This is the zero sugar caramel macchiato from international delight I have to try this just to compare it to the coffee mate Italian sweet cream that sugar-free I picked up I don't like it at all. I think I've really just developed a taste to not like the sugar-free creamer But I've heard that this doesn't taste sugar-free. So I thought I would try it It's 20 calories per serving again I'll let you guys know what I think of it But my opinion on the coffee mate sugar-free is I no longer like it I did finish my container, but it's definitely definitely not my favorite sour cream because we are completely out And I wanted to have some on hand and then I did decide to go ahead and pick up a couple of the full fats to use yogurt I really like this 4% vanilla. These are really delicious. They're thick and creamy and they have excellent ingredients They are five smart points But I will take the points just because the ingredients and the fact that they're full fat So all of their nutrients are intact another sweet treat for the week chocolate chip cocoa meringues It has been a minute since I bought the meringues at Trader Joe's So I picked up the chocolate ones. I like these because they have little chocolate chips in them So they're really delicious. Three of them is 90 calories light butter for Troy This is the butter he prefers to use and this big tub is less than six dollars Which is a really good price because that little tub is generally over three dollars new from bubbly is the bubbly Bounce I don't usually buy this sparkling water because it has natural flavors, but I wanted to try it This is the grapefruit blood orange and it has caffeine in it 35 milligrams of caffeine per can no calories no sweetener So same as the regular bubbly but caffeinated and this grapefruit blood orange flavor sounds so good So I'll definitely let you guys know how I feel about this They had several flavors about five of the bubbly bounce Caffeinated water and then I did pick up some Mediterranean crumbled feta cheese. This is the full fat But I wanted the Mediterranean in it for salads. This is my cheese of choice to put on salads It's so so delicious, and I've never tried the Mediterranean one. Everything else is produce So a pack of organic blackberries. This is for meal prep lots of mushrooms I did pick up the organic full Cremini mushrooms and the sliced Cremini mushrooms I needed sliced for a recipe and then whole for a recipe Limes and lemons for my water I also need a couple of lemons for some dinner recipes and you guys know I like to put fresh lemons and limes in my water some organic gala apples This is for a recipe and then of course for snacking Celery I have been on a celery and peanut butter kick and I've been making ants on a log where I'm putting some reasons I don't know. It's bringing me back to my childhood But I've been really liking celery lately and I also need it for a couple recipes So I picked that up some frozen veggies Trader Joe's did not have a mixed vegetable Which I need for a dinner recipe So I did this soy catash and this is sweet corn edamame red bell pepper So it doesn't have carrots in it, but it's close enough to a mixed vegetable some frozen organic peas for a recipe frozen organic corn and Organic wild blueberries also for a meal prep recipe and I like these wild ones because they're small They're just the cutest little blueberries and they're super super sweets and lastly fresh parsley for a couple of recipes So that is this week's grocery haul Let's get into what I'm doing for meal prep and what's on my plan for meals for the week So here is my meal planner. I absolutely love it It has an entire year's worth of meal planning as well as a note section for your favorite recipes YouTube videos blogs I just love everything about it. So definitely pick this up before it's gone You can see there's a menu and a grocery list for every week So this is the week of 12 13 through 12 19 So Saturday, we'll do an out-to-dinner kind of fun pizza night or something like that Sunday, even though it's Valentine's Day, we're just gonna have a regular on track day my husband works Sunday So we're not gonna do anything too exciting, but we're gonna do a chicken pot pie pasta Monday is copycat Alice spring chicken. This is from Outback Steakhouse So this is a copycat recipe for that which sounds amazing Tuesday I go to Jazzercise at night. So it's a leftover night Wednesday We're doing meatballs in barbecue sauce kind of some comfort food I have a new barbecue sauce from Primal Kitchen that I want to try and then Thursday. I'm gonna do an instant pot recipe We are going to make shrimp risotto. I'm obsessed with risotto and shrimp is so low-point low-calorie That I thought it would make the perfect pairing with a more high-calorie high-point dish like risotto So I'm excited for that and then Friday will be a leftover night as well So that we can finish up all of the meals from earlier in the week And here's what you'll be seeing in Monday's meal prep video. So for breakfast this week. I'm making a blueberry Sweet roll. So we're making a cinnamon roll with blueberries. This is going to be so incredibly delicious We'll pair this with some protein so we have a well-rounded breakfast Lunch is slow cooker beef and barley soup That is why I needed to pick up the barley and I'm hoping that the quick barley does not affect the recipe and then for dessert I'm making an apple berry brown Betty. I love brown Betty and it has been a long time So I made this recipe into a WW and calorie-friendly recipe. So stay tuned on Monday for all three of these recipes Thank you for joining me for this week's WW grocery haul That candle price at Walmart was insane If you have a Walmart in your area grab those fall or winter scented candles before they are gone Lots of good stuff at Trader Joe's and the daffodils just bring spring into my house, which makes me so happy So if you enjoyed today's video, please don't forget to give it a big thumbs up And if you're new or you're watching and you're not subscribed join my community I'd love to have you hit the little subscribe button and the bell next to it So you're notified whenever videos are uploaded. Don't forget that Saturday is always grocery haul day down in the description box Is the meal planner my nutrition coaching website my Facebook group and links and discounts to my favorite thing So check that out before you go. Thank you so much for watching today's video I hope you enjoyed it. Have a wonderful weekend and I'll see you all in my next video. Bye


What's up everybody, Jason here for Jacksby's Case Breaks dot com. 2022 PNN National Treasures Baseball 4 box case break, random number block, number 3 sold out. And of course guys, we go by the first number on the left side, the same number dash. But this breaks a little different guys because Carl just bought all the spots so it's just going to be a personal case basically. So we don't have to worry about any numberings, where do the teams go to, it's all going to one person. Good luck. Here's the magical case that has the 101 bait for you. That's rock and roll. So again we did post up another one. So we have two picker teams up, one of them already in the R&B, the other one is pretty close to selling it on its own. And then we did post up another round of number block break in case you guys like this kind of style per se, although you're not going to get to see it properly. But going by the serial number, some numbers eight in the last one, some of them only got a couple hits, but all in all, it's still a fun break to join in to. All right, so here we go. All right, we got Mike Soroka to 99, we got a Matt Manning to 99, and then Vladimir Guerrero Jr. to 99, 789 hit those if that was an R&B. All right, we got four of ten, Kurt Ball, Curtis Terry. All right, we got a Patch Autograph of Frambo Valdez for Houston, 10 of ten. We got a Marcel Osuna to 10. We got an RPA there for the Dodgers, 10 of ten. Oh, I'm going to get one more one eighties. Spencer Strider for Atlanta, Patch Autograph. We got a Maddox Burns, or Bruns, to 99. Legendary Material Signatures, dual stat line, three of ten. A little back-to-back MVP's of Frank Thomas, The Big Heart. There you go. First box right there. Next box. The booklets do look really nice this year, though. I don't think this is going to fit in my trash can. Ground for now. All right, we got a three-color Patch. Denilson Lament to 25. It's like a camel patch. We got Terry Francona to 99. You need anything? No, I'm good, man. Take it easy. See you. Eddie Matthews, how about that? Four of 25. Milwaukee Braves. That's actually a cool relic to have. Game-worn News Material. Zach Wheeler, Legacy Autographs to 86. Doug Nick Hazie, 49 or 49. We have a Whitmaryfield. Can't have a break without Whitmaryfield. There's just no way. Two of 99. Whoa, man, why can't this be like an O'Neill cruise or something? Rossini Contreras with the Stars and Stripes RPA 22 of 25, beautiful patch, too. Not to put down Rossini Contreras, but an O'Neill cruise like that would be sweet. Sweet, sweet patch autographs, though. We have a Tony Oliva Hall of Fame Material Signatures to 49. Is he good? I don't watch too much Pirate Spaceball, so. I just feel like in the hobby, when it comes to this year, you want O'Neill cruise more than him. All right, there we go. How about a little Mike Trout? Legendary Materials, five of 49. What piece of the bat right there. Can't get any Mike Trout autographs in Panini, but you could get some relics, so. All right, two more to go. Halfway through. I've got a treasured stat line for Peter Lanza. 33 of 53. 53 home runs. Colin, Michieu, Michieu, sorry, to 49. We got a Field Gear Dylan Carlson of 99 and a Rod Caruda 49. Biography Materials, we've got two cards at once. Louise Fries to 99. And a Taylor Tramel to 25. Nice Andrew Vaughn. 352 out of 99. Little Patch Autos. We got a Connor Siebold for Boston RPA, 26 out of 49. And we got Carl Yostramski autograph out of 25. Yeah, that acetate on Andrew Vaughn's really nice. Great cards, man, this NT. Dual Signature Materials to 99. Otto Lopez and Kevin Smith. Looks like the two rookies there on Toronto. Asbox Mojo. Still this one hot. Think of that, this one, they had a rapid sideways. So, it's gotta be something nice here. They're even very thick. There's an autograph there too, I guess. Guess we'll just leave it.  All right, Eduardo, oh sorry, Edward Oliveris to 99. Whoa, nice patch there. Drew Ellis, seven of 10. Little jumbo patch for Seattle. Arm looks like it's already kind of a little bent right there. I don't know if you can see the little crease, but. We have a Javi Baez. And then we got a Rodolfo Castro. Three color patch and autograph to 49, that's a sweet card. We got Chasmanian Devil to 99. We have Ezekiel Durand to 99. Reese Kiner to 25. Nice RPA. And how about a little Bobby Whit Jr, there we go. 16 out of 99. Let's take that, own card as well. And Jim Gilliam, legendary materials for Brooklyn. Five of five, there you go. Replacing an icon is never easy, but Gilliam did it in style in 1953, taking over at second base for Jackie Robinson, also racked up a league leading. 17 triples, finished second with 100 walks and scored 125 times to capture his league's rookie of the year award for the pennant winning squad. I think there's one more hit down there. It is a Garcia for Miami to 99. Alrighty, man, there you go. So the last box, just like in the last case, had the bigger rookie. So this one had that little Bobby Whit Jr, which was nice, but all in all, some very nice RPAs, good patches, nice booklets as well. The Frank Thomas one was really nice. Andrew Vaughn, I do love that Stars and Stripes, so I will say I'm gonna show it again right now. That's actually a very, very cool RPA. There you go, man, Andy Mathews Relic. There's the Frank Thomas book. So I appreciate it, Carl. So again, for anybody else that's interested in R&B, potentially like this, next one's in the store, jaspyscasebrakes.com.


If we compare the role of HR function on the template of business score card, we can see what are the different aspects of the performance of HR which will result into the different forms of success of the organization. We must recognize that success of the business organization is not only financial in nature. Success of the business organization is also about the success of their customers. Are they satisfied or not? Is the offering service or product is making their customers successful? Is it enhancing its well-being? Organization also look at the success in terms of the workforce success, meaning is workforce satisfied? Is workforce high on morale? Is workforce commitment and competent to deliver what is expected from them? Organization success also is determined by it is based on business process success. It is the process based on which services or products are delivered. Business process has to keep evolving because market is changing and we have already looked at the different trends like globalization, technology, nature of work, etc. That is changing. In order to cope up with these changes, they need to look at the, they need organization have to keep developing the business process. And business processes have to be reflection, have to be the reflection of what is most desirable from the organization. So HR need to contribute in all four aspects of the success of business organization. Let us look at some of the questions which are not only restricted or which are not only asked by the HR managers. If we look at some of the most prominent questions asked by line managers, these related to their team and related to the human resource, these questions are as following. HR manager as well as line manager keep looking for and keep asking which are, which are the screening techniques that yield the best performing recruits. What is the return on investment of training? What target setting approach work best to motivate the performance? How to enhance the employee engagement? How to promote innovation at workplace? How to build positive climate at workplace? How to make people to behave in a safe manner? How to prepare leaders to inspire their team members? How to ensure that people follow systems, processes, norms, corporate governance, waited or ethic with it at workplace? These questions are the one which takes maximum attention of the HR function, but these questions are not only of the HR functions. These questions are of all line managers as well. And if you think this sounds too academic, you must look at at least these two, three There are many studies, here we have here we have incorporated only two studies. One study was commissioned by large study commissioned by the Ernst and Young to look at the impact of HR processes or robustness or maturity of HR processes and we will talk about maturity of the processes little later in the form of the competency maturity model. This Ernst and Young study looked at the different intangible factors related to morale, related to motivation, leadership role modeling, etcetera. What are, so these intangible things which are generally which generally come under the concern or ambit of HR function, they found that 30 to 40 percent of the market appreciation is due to the non-tangible factors in any industry. Then there is a very very off-coded huge lit survey of someone about 1000 firms that indicates that alignment and integration of a firm's HR system play a very critical role and they calculated that the contribution per employee increases by the degree or more than 40,000 dollars in terms of the market capitalization with the better HR system. So, these studies suggest that if we look at systematically we can trace the impact of HR system on the tangible business results of organization. And what are the results of poor HR practices, a poor HR practices may result in hiring the wrong person for the job, experiencing high employee turnover, have your people not doing their best, not giving their best, people wasting time with useless interviews, meetings etcetera. Have your company in code because of the discriminatory action, if we do not follow the rules and regulations which HR's responsibilities. Have your company cited by labor inspectors for unsafe practices, ensuring safety is one of the most important functions of HR, particularly in the manufacturing setting. Have some employees think their salaries are unfair and unequitable relative to others in the organization. So, they will not find their, they will not perceive their organization just allow a lack of training to undermine the department's effectiveness and it may also result in committing any unfair labor practices. We can further examine what are the financial implications of these HR these results. For example, hiring the wrong person for the job, we can imagine the financial implication of a wrong hire. We can also and now there are systematic studies looking at how the employee turnover affects the financial health of the organization. Because when one employee leaves, it takes about 6 months for the replacement employee to be as productive as an average employee in an organization. So, organization has to invest not only one month's salary to hire one more executive, but they have to invest time. Training cost is also involved to make the person as effective or average on at the average level for any new employee in the organization. Likewise we can look at the financial implication of people not giving their best, people wasting time, the financial implication involved in the lawsuits because of discriminatory practices or because of the poor industrialization practices likewise. So, result of poor HR practices are very horrible. No organization would like to have these things to experience these situations in their function. I will be giving few examples of some of the organizations which have very beautifully connected strategy and HR function. So, first example comes from AT&T. AT&T is Human Resource Leadership Council is a very interesting body within their organization. This is an interdisciplinary body which is comprises of the members from the corporate executives, HR, strategic business unit, production, delivery, business support so on and so forth. So, they are kind of the microcosm representing the macrocosm called AT&T and this leadership council focuses on the long term strategic HR issues. So, HR issues are not only examined by the HR function, it is being examined by the microcosm of the organization. And corporate strategic planning council is also worked closely with the leadership council. So, this is one way AT&T has integrated HR and leadership function. Mahindra FS is another example. I would like to quote their particular activity or initiative called search for strategies. So, search for strategies is aimed at bringing about the best in every employee and it has created an open platform. So, open opportunity means it is this opportunity is available to employees of all the functions and at all levels. People can give ideas, they can form teams. This open platform also helps in a formation of the teams of the people passionate about similar ideas. Teams work on those ideas to improve the organization, improve the systems and processes and in turn which can improve the business results. They present the ideas to the senior management and through search for strategies the name of the process. The employees are encouraged to look at the problem from the business perspective of course not only from the individual perspective or departmental perspective and give important solutions. Giving the strategic perspective and proposing innovation in systems, processes and offerings which can be valuable from the strategic perspective of the organization. This is another way Mahindra AFS has helped in unleashing the strategic thinking of the employees and this is also one way they have connected HR process and the strategic thinking process in the organization. SAS is another example because of its open book management policy. What is the open book management policy? It is about keeping the employee informed about various changes, facilities, procedures that are incorporated in the company. This philosophy is used by management to engage its employees and make them feel that they are valued and that is why the management always wants to keep them informed. One more advantage of this is that it generates an open line of the communication in contrast to the traditional top down communication and that makes the employee more organization friendly. This also gives all employees an opportunity to raise and express their concern. If you present all the information related to the employees in the open forum people get chance to interact with each other and that interaction may result in more insights about that system. Another example is of the Merico. Merico have formalized a focus area under the themes of climate change, resource optimization, carpet citizenship. It tracking mechanism for sustainability performance is developed and a review system is also being established around these three areas. We can take example of Bontone chain which has more than two IT department stores in USA that leverage its data to identify attributes that make the cosmetic sales representative to more successful. What they found is the cognitive ability and the situational judgment and initiative taking. These are the most important attributes of the sales executives or sales representatives in the organization. This is the result of a thorough analysis of the data which is now possible with the availability of many softwares related to analytics. They calculated that there is an increase of the 1400 dollars in sales per representative per month and 25 percent lower turnover if they focus more on these three things. So, we have looked at some of these examples where strategic concerns or strategic objectives or strategic thinking of the organization was beautifully converged or integrated with the HR function.


And welcome to Simple Java GUI Tutorial. In this tutorial, I'm gonna teach you the absolute basics you need to make a Java GUI app. And this app is gonna be a temperature converter where we take Celsius and convert it to Fahrenheit or and or Fahrenheit and convert it to Celsius. So a quick shout out to my members. Thank you so much for supporting the channel. Couldn't do it without you guys. And if anybody's interested in joining, please click the join button or subscribe below. So let's take a look at what we're gonna be doing. We're gonna be creating a very simple app where we convert Celsius to Fahrenheit. So you can see here we've got some labels, a label that says Celsius, we've got a label that says Fahrenheit. We've got a little text box that's where we're gonna put our Celsius. We've got a text box where we're gonna put our Fahrenheit. And we've got a couple buttons. So one button for calculating Celsius to Fahrenheit and one button for calculating Fahrenheit to Celsius and all of these elements are inside of something called a frame and I've called that FRM main and I'll come back to this in a little bit. So some of the coding concepts we're gonna be looking at here is Java Swing, which is, let's us make GUIs in Java. The different UI components, which I just talked about buttons, labels and text fields and also frames. We're gonna be using static variables and methods. We're gonna be using something called an action listener and action event and then we'll be using the double classes parse double method. Now I designed this tutorial for my students that I'm currently teaching in AP Computer Science and they've been doing Java for a couple months. So I'm trying to stick to things that they know and that they know how to do. So going back to the app, so let's take a look at this. If you haven't done GUI programming before, I'll try and keep it simple for you. So basically a GUI is a graphical user interface and you can see here we've got a window and in this particular window we've got a frame and this frame we've called FRM main. So that's kind of the background. That's where we're gonna put everything into. Now again, GUI stuff can get very, very complex. I'm keeping this as simple as humanly possible. So GUIs are made up of different UI elements. In this case we've got labels, we've got text fields and we've got buttons. So basically we need to create those labels, we need to create the text fields, we need to create the buttons and just kind of tie it all together with a little bit of code. Now notice the names that I've used. So the labels I started with LBL and the text fields I started with text, the buttons I started with BTN. Now I don't have to do it that way but it just makes sense to me and it's very, very clear I think what each thing is and probably gives you a very good idea of what each thing does. Students always just wanna call it like button A, button B and be a little bit lazy like that but it causes problems later when you're trying to debug your code. So proper naming is just super duper important. Let's go ahead and get started and I'll come back to this from time to time. Let's go ahead and get started on the code. So I'm gonna go over to my ID text editor which I use something called Genie. Feel free to use whatever you want but I like Genie, it's free, it's open source. Check it out if you get a chance. Now I've already gone ahead and typed the class and this is class temperature converter and I've saved it as temperatureconverter.java so that has to match. I've made my main method and so if this does not look familiar to you probably this is not the right tutorial for you. Go start somewhere else. But if it does look good to you, first thing we're gonna do is we're gonna need to import some classes. So I'm gonna go ahead and import javax.swing. I'm gonna put an asterisk here. If you haven't seen the asterisk basically what this means is import all of the different classes under javax.swing. Now we could import them one by one if we knew exactly what we're gonna use and if you're using an ID like IntelliJ it'll actually kind of figure all that out for you. I think Alt-Enter and it does some things automatically. But anyway, I'm using Genie, I'm trying to keep it simple so let's stick with that. I'm also gonna use import java.awt.event and .asteris, semicolon and awt is the all windows toolkit and I think it's the original GUI, I don't know the original GUI library or whatever you wanna call it here for Java but I think that was replaced by swing. Don't quote me on that though. It's been a while since I studied this stuff and then I'm gonna do java.awt.asterisk. And again, if you don't understand every single little detail don't stress over it. This is just kind of a get you started kind of thing. So I've imported all of the various classes that I'm going to need for this particular project. So let me go back real quick and take a look at what the app is gonna look like. So as a reminder, we need two labels, we need two text fields, we need two buttons and we need one frame. Okay, so we need to create those things in our Java app. So let's go back and give it a shot. So now watch where I do this. If you haven't seen this style before, this might be a little confusing. So I'm gonna go ahead and say, I'm gonna declare the GUI elements. Now as I mentioned, we have a frame. So I wanna put public static. So right now we're using all static methods and all static variables. Now again, Java, you're supposed to do things a bit more object oriented style. I'm gonna stick to this again because I think it's easier for my students than teaching. We haven't quite gotten to those things yet and I think everybody will find this a lot easier. So I'm gonna make a J frame. This is a J frame object and I called it FRM main. I also have, as I mentioned before, a J label and that one is LBL Celsius. I have public static and I need a J text field. Be careful with the capitalization and that's gonna be text Celsius. And then I'm gonna go ahead and I'm gonna need another public static J label. I spelled that wrong, you can see that. Label, fair, and height. Now again, you could just use capital F, like label F, yeah, that's fine. I tend to type things out just because I know later on things can get very confusing if you don't do that. And again, J text field, text, fair, and height. And I think we need a couple buttons, too. So public static J button, button calculate C2F and public static J button, button calculate. Calculate F2C. So what we've done is inside my temperature converter class, I have gone ahead and created basically null objects for the frame, the label, the text fields. Well, like I said, both the labels, both text fields and both buttons. So then later what we're gonna do is we're gonna go ahead and use those. Okay, so now, again, this is outside of public static void main. This is just before but inside the class. The imports are up here. Okay, so what I need to do is I first need to go ahead and create the frame. Let's go ahead and go back to the app preview. So this is gonna be our frame. Now we can't actually see the title thing here because I kind of shrank it down, but we need to create that first. So I'm gonna go ahead and go back to my code and I'm gonna go ahead and type it in here. Let's go to shot. So the first thing is set up the frame. Now I've already instantiated it up here, but I gotta actually, I should say declared, I haven't instantiated it really. So I need to add an actual J frame. So frm main equals new J frame. Note the capitalization again and I'm gonna call this temperature convert by, we'll play at Tokyo EdTech. That's me. Now we're actually gonna really see that part. And I'm gonna go ahead frm main dot set size and I'm gonna make it 150 by 200 pixels. Now your computer might be a little different. I don't know quite know how that works, but you can play around with the numbers and we can resize it later. I'm gonna do frm main dot set layout and the layout thing gets a little complicated. So I'm just gonna use what's called a flow layout and this kind of automatically places the elements for you and you'll see what happens in a minute. Well, a couple of minutes. And notice there's an extra set of parentheses here and so new flow layout. Okay, so I've set up the frame. So let me go ahead and compile that and see what happens. It's compiled and I'm gonna run it and see what happens. Okay, absolutely nothing should have happened. Okay, so this is kind of what I expected. Program ran and then it exit itself. So I think we're missing a line and that line is gonna go actually at the very bottom. I'm gonna put that at the bottom of this program. I don't know if it has to go at the bottom of the program, but that's where I have it. And okay, so I wanna go ahead and say make the frame visible. So I'm gonna go ahead and do frame main dot set visible to true. I think this will do what we want it to do. So I'm gonna go ahead and run that and I'm gonna go ahead and boom. And there is our window. Okay, now if I can make this wide, you can see where it says temperature converter by Tokyo ed tech, but it started out something like that because we set this to 150 by 200. So you can set it to whatever size you're comfortable with. You'll see as we start adding these different elements, what things will look like. Okay, so I'm gonna go ahead and close that and get out of there and hopefully. Now if you're using Genie, I had to go up and down here and hit I think control Z and then enter so I can keep working on this. So what we need to do now is just to start adding our different elements. So here we go, let's go ahead and do it. So I'm gonna go ahead and here it creates gooey elements and let's just do one together real quick. So I'm gonna do label Celsius equals new J label and it's gonna say sell Celsius.  So then again, remember up here, I've already declared it, okay. Now I'm actually instantiating it and giving it, you know, giving it, I don't know, giving it some code, I don't know, making it real. I'm not quite sure how to say it. And I go ahead and create the gooey elements. Let's go ahead and compile this and run it. And you'll notice that you don't see anything and this is to be expected, okay. So even though we've created it, now notice down here again, if you're using Genie, I gotta hit control Z then enter and this should be white. It's a little bit of an extra step for this because we have a little gooey thing running. There's something, there's another step I have to do to get this to work, okay. So what I gotta do is before I make the frame visible, I'm gonna go ahead and add the gooey element, elements to the frame. So I'm gonna type frame main dot add label Celsius. I'm gonna put them in the order that I want them to appear, okay. So let's go ahead and test that and there you go. So there is our first gooey element. So let me just kind of go back and review that because that's the first part of it. That's setting up the gooey. So if I go back to the app preview here. So what we've done is we've created the form of the frame, excuse me. We've added one label and we've made the frame visible, okay. So probably what I should have done is I probably shouldn't have added these parts first. I should have just done this by itself. Anyway, live and learn. But I think you get the idea. So the first thing you did was we set up the frame, okay. Because everything that we create after that's gotta go into that frame. Oops, let me go back. Sorry, I was wrong screen there. So sorry, let me go back and explain what I just said again. So basically, you know, we created the elements. I probably should have just done this part first and then done it one at a time. But anyway, I didn't. So here we are. And so first thing is we set up the frame because everything goes into that frame. So I made a new J frame and it's temperature converter. This is the title that goes into the window. And then I set the size in pixels. And then I set this layout thing. Again, there are other layouts. It gets very complicated. But for now, let's just use the flow thingy because it's easy. Then I created my first GUI element, which was my label Celsius. And I added that label to the frame. And then of course I made the frame visible. And then we could see it. So if we go back to the app preview, the next thing up is my text Celsius, then label Fahrenheit, then text Fahrenheit, then button and button. So I'm just gonna go ahead and do that part real quick. And I'll talk through it, but basically it's pretty straightforward. So next up is text Celsius equals. And it's new J, I think it is text, what is it? Sorry, new J text field. And now the number I wanna put here, actually let's do 10, okay, is the number of columns of that text field. So I wanna do form main.add text Celsius. So I'm just gonna go ahead, I forgot to close this, hit enter, compile and run it. And now I've got this cool little text box, okay. Now 10 is the number of columns, so let's say zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine. Well it was supposed to be 10 columns, but oh well they gave us a few extra. I'm not gonna complain. But 10 is supposedly the number of columns in the text field, but who knows. Anyway, we'll leave it like that. So I'm gonna go ahead and just kinda go ahead and do my next couple labels, or my next label, my next text field. And this is gonna be Fahrenheit. And again, if I'm going too fast, just pause it, rewind. But notice how I'm hoping you notice that these consistent names make things a little bit easier. So once I get one thing working, then I can just go ahead and copy it and make the changes I need. Now students have this annoying tendency to, I'm sorry to say that, but it was annoying tendency to just go ahead and type everything through and then try to fix it. But that's a bad idea because if you do it step by step then you know exactly where the problem is. So I'm gonna compile that and run it. And now I've got my two labels, I've got my two text fields. All right, so we are clearly making progress, which makes me happy. So the next thing we need is our buttons. And we got what? We got, let's see here. So it's button, convert. Think it was first one was C to F. That's what it was. Equals new J button. And this is gonna be what the button says. So convert C to F. And then button convert F to C equals new J button. Convert F to C. And then down here, just like we did for main or framing.add button, convert C to F. Convert, it's calculate, that's why. I was wondering why it wasn't popping up there. So calculate, probably should have made a conversion, right? Calculate. I know people are always watching like, oh, I knew what you were doing wrong before you knew. Yeah, probably, it's hard to talk and type, trust me. All right, so let's go ahead and compile that, run it. And here we go. So you can see already we've got decent looking. Now watch what happens when I change the size here. This is what I was talking about, the flow layout. So as I give it more space, it automatically moves the elements around. So if you prefer like this style, like more horizontal looking thing, you can do it that way. That way it's nice, you can see the title here. Or I prefer like a more vertical alignment myself. You can just leave it like that, it's really up to you. So now if I click the button, of course nothing happens. But at this point you should have a working GUI, or at least a functioning GUI I should say. And now it's kind of interesting. Now if you're coming from say a JavaScript background where you just basically you can just add a callback, it's very, very simple. Or if you're coming from something like Python with TK inter, it's very, very simple just to add a function to something. If you're doing like JavaScript with HTML, use the on click thing, it's very, very simple to do. Of course Java, God help me, I don't know why. It's really complicated to do this. So I'm gonna walk you through this. And this is what I was up at three o'clock this morning working on. So I've got my button calculate C2F. So I'm gonna put this here. I don't have to put it here, but it just seems like it's logical. Okay, so I'm gonna say, I'm gonna add the listener. Listener for this particular button. So watch what I do. So we put the name, calculate C2F dot add action listener. And here's how I'm gonna do this. Now this is where it gets weird. So new action listener parentheses. Okay, now be careful. This is a brace or a left brace, left brace. These are parentheses. And in here, I'm gonna put public void action performed. Action event E. And then now I'm just gonna kind of close all this stuff up so I know that I've gotten this. So at this point, what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna go ahead and compile it. And just to make sure it's working. Okay, it didn't compile because I forgot the semicolon here at the end. I think that's what I need. Yeah, I think that's what I need. Let's check that one more time. Three errors, okay. Java line 38, action listener. Oh, I know I did wrong. This, I knew that was weird. Sorry about that. This is a parenthesis and this is a parenthesis. And yeah, I think that's right. There we go. Okay, so I do apologize for that. So it is parenthesis, parenthesis, brace, brace, brace, brace. Yeah, that's Java for you. Anyway, so it compiles. Now what we want to happen, so in here is where we're going to convert C to F. So the code's gonna go in here. Now at this point, I could make another static method, put the method down here and do everything inside the method.  They know how to use them, they know how to call them, but they don't know how to write them yet. So I'm gonna do it this way. Now, think about what we have here. So if I, let's make sure I say that. I'm gonna go back to my app preview. So I've got, so basically what I'm gonna do is so I'm gonna put like a hundred in here in this Celsius text box here, okay. So I'm gonna put a hundred in there. So I need to pull this information out of there. I need to pull the information out of that. Then I need to convert it to Fahrenheit. Now a couple of things. When I pull it out of here, it is actually a string. So I've gotta convert that string to a double, okay. So now this is just kind of some, this is more or less kind of standard Java, I guess you'd say. So I'm gonna make a string and I'm gonna call this C, sorry, C text. Didn't have to call that, call that, but that kind of made sense to me. And this is coming from the text Celsius and it is get text like that. So whatever I've typed into that box is gonna be assigned to this variable. So I need this to be C Celsius. So I'm gonna use double dot parse double C text. So in my example here in the app preview, I've got 100 in that box. So if I go back to my code, so C text is gonna be 100, but a string. This will change it from 100 string to 100.0. Now I just need to use the formula and I had to Google this. So Fahrenheit equals, it's C times nine divided by five plus 32. And now the last step is text Fahrenheit, set text string dot value of F. Cause I'm setting the text of the Fahrenheit text box. And it's gotta be a string. So this is a double. So I'm gonna take the value of F, whatever it's converted to, and change it to a string, put that string into text Fahrenheit. And I'll pause that if you're having trouble, but hopefully that should make some sense. So I'm gonna go ahead and compile it and I'm gonna test it. Okay, so up here I'm gonna go ahead and put 100 and I'm gonna hit convert C to F. It should be 212.0 and boom, there we go. So let me just kind of explain what happened there one more time. So for button calculate C to F, we've added what's called an action listener. And this is basically just tells Java, hey listen for events like where the user in this case clicks on this button, okay? So it's a new action listener and then we have this method in here called action performed. Now this action event E thing is kinda hard to explain but basically I'm gonna put it like this is passed to that function. I'm just gonna leave it at that. We can pull information out of this but just copy it as it is. And then here this is where we actually pull information out of our GUI. So the value that's here, the text that's here, we put it into C text. We convert that to a double and we call it C. Then we just create a new double called F for Fahrenheit. We convert it using the formula. Convert it back to a string and then set the text in this box to the value of F. And that is the magic of GUI's, okay? Which is pretty cool, I'm pretty happy with that. Now, at this point what I would recommend that you do is to try to do this same thing for Fahrenheit to Celsius. Now, again, this is one of those things again I tell my students all the time and they never listen to me, say. Get one working perfectly. You notice how even I screw this up, this thing, the balance has to be correct, et cetera, et cetera. So you've got this matches this, this matches this, this matches this, this matches, and there's all kinds of things that have to be done. So what I would do is I would just go ahead and, because I know this works, I would just go ahead and copy this and put it here. And then just change what needs to be changed. So this is gonna be F to C. Now we're converting F to C in this case. So I'm just gonna go ahead and delete all this stuff because it's a little too easy to mess that one up. And then I'm just gonna go ahead and try to type my code. So I'm gonna do the same thing. So string F text, so in this case Fahrenheit text, equals text Fahrenheit dot get text. That pulls the text out of that text Fahrenheit text box there. Then I need to convert that to a double. So double Fahrenheit equals double dot parse double. And it's gonna be F text. So that converts this text into a double. And we have double Celsius C equals, it's F minus 32 times five divided by nine. Again, I don't need to put spaces in there. I just have this tendency to do that. I think it's easier to read. And then we take that result and put it back into text Celsius. So as we text Celsius dot set text string dot value. Oh, remember this is Java, so we have to convert everything ourselves. And again, watch the number of parentheses here. I think that should do it. So let's go ahead and compile it. Let's say kill this last one and compile it. And run it. Okay, so I'm gonna go ahead and type 212 and convert F to C. It gives me 100 Celsius. Now I'm gonna hit that again. So basically hitting these should not really change anything because they're converting back and forth to the same thing. One thing I like to do is the test is negative 40. I convert that to Fahrenheit because they are the same, that's where they cross. And then you can see that works. So that is a GUI app in Java. So that took 30 minutes, a little over 30 minutes to explain that. Yeah, so that's that. So let's just take a quick look at the code again. So remember, we have to import these items. We have our class. We declare the GUI elements outside of public static void main. Again, I gave them names that made sense. You could do LBL capital C or text capital C, but this label and this text is really, I think, important so we know what each thing is. Because we end up having, we can't have two things with the same name. We can have Celsius Celsius because the computer will get confused. So then inside of our main method, don't forget the static, by the way. First thing is we set up the frame. We created all of our GUI elements. And again, notice J label. You just put the label in there. The text field, you need to put the size. Again, I'm not sure why it went over 10, but hey, that's life. I don't know everything, sorry. I'm still kind of learning some of the stuff myself. And the button also, this is the label that we see over here. Now, this action listener thing is just, again, to my mind, it's just way over-complicate things. But I'm sure Java, people at Java will have a very good reason for that. So again, sorry, I messed it up initially, but do keep an eye on which symbols you're using here and here and here and make sure everything balances out. And again, do one, make sure it works, and then you can copy and paste for the second one. And then finally, you have to add the GUI elements to the frame and then make the frame visible. Again, I don't know that the order of this, maybe the action listeners could go later. I don't think it really matters when you put it in, but it seems to me this is kind of a logical thing. We create the button, then add the action listener. So, it's pretty cool. I mean, that was only 74 lines of code. I like to put a lot of spaces in there to make it look nice, but it's pretty short. So I hope you see the general, kind of what you need to do, import, declare, set it up, add the listeners, add the elements and make it visible. That's it. So I think given this knowledge, what you've done in this program, you can now basically take almost any input from the user, do almost anything you want with it and then output that back into another GUI element. So congratulations, you are now a GUI programmer. So hopefully you enjoyed that. You learned something from that and click like, subscribe, leave a comment. Whatever. Keep on coding. Have a good one. Bye-bye.