it has got also other names you know yesterday we thought yesterday we thought we also told that dispersion model it is also called axial dispersion model okay it is also called plug flow with dispersion there are so many things axial mixing all these names are given for dispersion model so in general when you have these arcading models you can have a small scale just to have an idea what kind of models we are going to use is just an analytical scale where we have descent P f descent you have M f okay so the dispersion model and tanks in series model normally it is not exact but you know somehow approximate distance you can see so this is the distance between which you use dispersion model okay dispersion model or tanks in series model okay so this end normally we call them as recirculation models right okay so in between we have what are called compartment models okay so compartment models meaning is that we have plug flow and parallel to that you can put a mixed flow and you can put two parallel plug flows when do you use that two parallel plug flows when you have channeling okay channeling see one channel is plug flow another channel also is plug flow so two plug flows in parallel if you put okay you are talking about reactors what I am talking is that once you have the tracer data so depending on the type of response you get you know the type of curve you get yesterday only we saw that right various types so depending on the types you have to choose what are the models right and you know very well that when you are near plug flow you will get that axial dispersion beautifully like this so that means here either you can use a dispersion model or tanks in series model okay or otherwise in between we do not know I think like dead space is there then you add CSTR or mixed flow sorry both are same plug flow with dead space right or plug flow and then parallel to that dead space all kinds of models one has to try right and you will try the correct model if you have good physical sense what is really happening in reactor it is only one reactor only thing is you are imagining like you know we have the stomach and the our digestive system someone was asking you know so our digestive system can be modeled with mixed flow and also followed by plug flow so all that I mean we have only one digestive system so similarly reactor is only one but looking at that the response curves then you will think that okay this may be a combination of two CSTRs in series depending on the type so that means you have to now take two CSTRs in series write the equation tracer equation how much concentration is entering the procedure is universal approach is same right so write the concentration versus time you know that that model like how much is entering tracer how much is leaving so you will get a differential equation and you have to solve that that will become concentration as a function of time concentration as a function because it is unsteady state tracer is always unsteady state you are just giving a pulse input and then with respect to time slowly it may increase or decrease or continuously decrease depending on mixed flow for example right though and you have to write the corresponding equations what is entering what is leaving and once you have concentration versus time some equation because you are having a differential equation you are solving it after solving that you are now having C versus T information as a equation how do you find out ET ET definition wise C by 0 to infinity right so you have an equation for C you have an equation for C right so that C equation you substitute there the simplest equation what you can see if if you are trying for mixed flow pulse input pulse input so procedure is same again you are writing what is entering what is leaving but only thing is input is 0 after some time because you know pulse input only at time t equal to 0 you add and then start analyzing at the outlet so input with 0 output is V into C and accumulation is because it is unsteady state there is no reaction plus V dc by dt so 0 equal to V dc plus V dc by dt that is the equation you have to solve and corresponding boundary condition you have to take so equation what you get for that is C equal to C not into t bar that is the equation now you have to substitute ET equal to that C C equal to C not by e power minus t by t bar divided by integral 0 to infinity C dt that C is again C not e power minus t by t bar dt that is all so the approach is same the procedure is universal so only thing is if it is not ideal CSTR ideal mixed flow if it is dispersed for plug flow you will get more complicated differential equation which will give you more complicated C versus time equation the simplest one is C equal to C not into e power minus t by t bar is the one for mixed flow reaction so any complicated what you do now for yeah this compartment models is that you assume many things like you know you have a one CSTR and also parallel to that plug flow plug flow will come as a direct delta function ideal so CSTR will have that so now write the material balance for both I mean you should know what is the flow split how much is going through plug flow how much is going through CSTR that is also a parameter you start with V1 and V2 volumetric flow rate 1 and volumetric flow rate 2 that is also a parameter for modeling the reactors that is one parameter in fact right so because you do not know it is only black box you know that you are you are sending 100 liters per minute out of 100 liters per minute how much is going through this plug flow section where there is a pipe which is simply coming out okay in a tank for example we do not know I mean just imagination right the other one is may be perfectly mixing that is parallel you take PFR ideal PFR as parallel and to that CSTR so now you write in this both what is entering and at the end what is coming again you know both of both have to be combined and write the material balance you get C or CSTR data equation and that equation convert to ET okay and you know how to convert ET into E theta if you want to convert as you know dimensionless dimensionless right so that is the overall approach that is why I think I am taking more time only because of those reasons you know that approach approach is more important than doing individual problems once you understand this approach because this is universal like I told you reactor design what is the information needed only the kinetics and contacting that is all and you know how to choose contacting and you know how to find out kinetics that is all even next semester also the chemical and catalytic heterogeneous systems also the approach is same but there the methods are different because you have number of phases you may have two phases three phases right so that is why approach is universal for us either in this one or in any subject you know that is why in any subject first of all approach should be mentioned and at least you remember the approach you do not have to remember the individual details of equations how to derive and all that if you do not want to right but approach you should not forget anytime and approach is the one which is asked in interviews okay that is the approach which you ask always in approach okay I have to design a batch reactor what is the procedure we will ask what is the approach okay I have a system coal combustion how do you find out kinetics so I do not ask what is the temperature what is the exact activation energy or what is the order of reaction those things we do not ask what you ask is okay I have coal combustion you know I have to find out kinetics so then tell me what is the approach how do I proceed if you are able to tell that I think you will definitely get the jobs so even here it is same thing so we have the this is the flow scale we say entire thing our flow scale is not like our laminar or turbulent but this flow scale is from P F to M F mixture flow to plug flow right so in between you have very near to plug flow you use this model very close to mixture flow and here also in this recirculation is a general model I mean general name but at this point when I have a single tank I may have to use for example dead space and depending on the type of response I get so normal approach is first conduct R T D experiment right because otherwise how do you imagine you do not know there are so many possibilities and it by looking at that okay dead space will be something like this or bypass will be something like that that means I am talking about this area mixture flow yesterday we have seen some curves so when I have that kind of bypass suddenly a sudden peak will go and then afterwards it is slowly coming out or otherwise your I know long tail in fact mixture flow also we will have a very long time so what is the time required for the tracer to come out theoretically speaking infinity because E T is E power minus T by T bar by T bar so that has to become 0 or F T 1 minus E power minus T by T bar okay so F T to become 1 then only all tracer should have come out so that E power minus T by T bar T must be infinity right but infinite time we cannot wait so it has got long but the way the tail moves in the ideal C S T R is totally different than when compared to if you have dead space and then slowly tail moving that you should be able to identify it is exactly like doctors a very good doctor by looking at your face itself will tell that you are sick okay and by touching he will tell where you are sick which part of the body is sick correct no so like that if you are a very good chemical engineer but just by looking at the yeah the graph itself you know that RTD response curve itself you can find out okay this will have this disease right and then you can estimate the yeah the idea of this RTD models is to estimate those non idealistic like axial mixing how much is that we only tell you that you know there is a axial mixing but how much dead space for example in the mixed flow right or yeah if there is a dead space I would like to find out how much of is actually dead space is it 10 percent of the volume or 20 percent of the volume if the volume is let us say 50 liters may be 10 liters may be dead space that means the mixing is not proper there right so and also bypass bypass you are sending 100 liters per minute so out of that how many liters is really bypassing bypassing means almost that fraction of material is not spending any time inside the reactor you will find out that that means that portion is totally removed from your calculations because that fellow is unnecessarily just bypassing and then mixing with the already converted products the other portion goes to mixed flow right you know when you have bypass bypass comes without spending any time almost without spending any time in the reactor the other portion is getting mixed and getting reacted so now these two will again combine together and you will get less conversion that is the problem but you should definitely identify how much is the bypass and if you really identify that okay 50 percent is bypass then you have to now take the necessary steps to correct that like medicine giving correct know after identifying disease you have to also give the medicine right so if there is a dead space what do you do 10 liters dead space is there in a mixing flow reactor what do you do yeah either baffles are stirring okay baffles may not improve that much because of the baffles in fact if you put more baffles you will have more dead space right so baffles will not solve the problem everything baffles only will eliminate you know that vertex mix yeah breaking so like that again otherwise you will give the wrong medicine correct know this is the wrong medicine for dead space baffles is not the solution okay yeah sorry yeah you know you see you have already designed the reactor okay so then only you took the RTD test whether your assumption of perfect mixing is right or wrong and that says some dead space so again you cannot design another reactor fabricate and then throw this out so best thing is changing the stirrer which is easier okay so that is how what you do like for example when you have this channeling in packet beds plug flow what do you do you will try to find out in which corner that channeling is happening right and then you open the reactor and it is a packet bed and then see that whether packing is proper or not if the packing is not proper wherever there is less packing more amount of gas will go or more amount of liquid will that is why what you do is you open see that and again put all the particles uniformly and put one distributor plate on the top another distributor plate on the bottom and uniformly uniform packing and then start again doing it in fact there are cases where in industry they found it packet bed has been designed for 80 percent conversion or so I think Fogler book has given that example okay that reference also so then it was giving around 60 65 percent conversion right then they found that there must be something wrong they conducted an RTD test RTD graph also is given it gave two peaks okay so then definitely they know that it is channeling then when they opened and saw the same mistake they have done what they have done was that they have not filled up okay this is the packet bed there is another distributor plate on the top they have not filled up you know it was not completely filled from this point to this point it was only till when they opened they found that kind of packing that is packing so happily this fellow was going like this short to least resistance that we know as students very happy I think there is a class without reading without doing anything if you are able to get yes Swami that is the short circuit okay that is channeling because do not have to work it is not normal stream so go there sit and get S without doing anything the same thing here fluid also because all of us behave on this planet exactly same monkeys also behave like us and elephants also behave like us many things will behave like exactly even trees behave like us but only thing is we do not know we are not able to find right good okay so that is how afterwards they put out you know I think maybe like this they have brought it down and then arranged because during start-up what happened was they put initially something like this okay but the mistake is that they have to complete to fill up only half of that they filled up right so during start-up what happened was sudden pressure drop and all that it pushed the packing to one side then the other side became short-circuit okay channeling so that is what happened so like that I think even industry also one can find out like doctors very happily just go and conduct an exam some test or otherwise you ask your other mechanics to do the test and they bring the curve to you and then looking at the curve you should be able to tell this is the disease and this is also the medicine medicine also we should give right so that is the overall picture for RTD models you know all these models any model the procedure is same what is that conducting an experiment and then getting an idea like that okay long tail or dead space how it behaves or two parallel paths what kind of curve you get so now when I have two parallel paths then I should imagine okay two PFRs okay or maybe two CSTS also in series how the response curve comes I will give you some handout later for various models so looking at them will give you an idea so what is really happening so then you have to go to mathematics you write the model equations for that normally model equation is written only for concentration not normally always so then that concentration has to be converted to ET right and then now when you are writing the model itself then you will have some parameters like dead space should be there channelling will be there as a parameter and now you test this experimental data with the model and estimate now what is the amount of channelling what is the amount of dead space what is the amount of you know that what else recirculation all that right so that is the overall picture so models will give me the quantification of non idealities so what we take now is the simplest models right one parameter model is the simplest model and those things we try to understand and for multi parameter model one or two only one we will do just I will tell you the procedure but that is extendable to any kind of multi parameter model okay good please take this okay dispersion model yeah I mean we know that in dispersion model diffusion is main important criteria right that too in the axial direction so when I have a plug flow reactor something like this and what I expect is a flat velocity profile but over which we have this kind of disturbance okay this is called axial mixing that is why I told you if I imagine that we have this disc coming in and then disc going out right if it is ideal plug flow that disc will not be disturbed at all anyway but if it is not ideal then here at the entry you will have okay at the entry you will have almost that direct delta function that disc as it is and here you may have yeah like this it will be normally Gaussian okay and at this point you may have peak will not be that much you see now this is peak top and then it is slightly spread this is slightly spread if I go further this may still further spread so like that you will have the tracer coming out so this is at the outlet so that is the kind of spread correct no yeah so that is why you know intelligent people in this RTD studies what they do is there is no ideal direct delta function anywhere because how can you inject a tracer with zero time because as per the definition of for direct delta function what is the thickness of the pulse zero right you can never inject they definitely in zero time you cannot there will be definitely some finite time it may be point zero zero zero zero one second but still that is a time right so that is why what they do is somewhere here they take somewhere here they come in at the outlet of course they can take that means it spread already a little bit here so they use what is called deconvolution I do not know whether you heard of this name deconvolution right the deconvolution and tells me that that means I am subtracting this distribution from this distribution right so that will tell me exactly what is the kind of mixing that is there inside the reactor that is why test section alone in fact we have also done another has done for his PhD work with me this kind of work you know so we also do I mean no one knows how to exactly put the pulse so we allowed some distance and measured there and at the outlet measured and deconvoluted you will get beautiful curves again if it is a small axial mixing very very Gaussian curves you get if it is not ideal mixing then if there is some kind of more axial mixing is supposed to be very very small if you have large axial mixing you will have a problem again the curve will get skewed that means you will get like this you know this is skewed that means more this side yeah spread okay so that is the kind of curves what we get good so and this spread this spread is characterised by what is called dispersion number or diffusivity okay that is okay good please take this okay the assumption underlying the dispersion model is that of a diffusion like process to stop here fluid elements move at different speeds for a short while comma then redistribute themselves comma take on a different speed and so on many many times the key the key is the random rearrangement of particles and a continual forgetting of the past okay that is a nice sentence you know forgetting of the past okay if you do not know that you are there on that point right so again you may end up there that is why the drunkard path I think people try to model the walking of a drunkard drunkard random walk model yeah finally they found that wherever you go you will come back to the same spot where he started where he started because no remembering of the past so that is why he does not know where he started and where he is ending so he goes like this like this like this and comes back and stays in the original place that also without knowing that also he does not know that that is the original place okay so I think there are many many things I think there are wonderful things like this there was also a question when it is raining if you run you will get more wet or if you walk you will get more wet don't answer go and see the websites no really very good you know these are basic fundamental questions what everyday we see okay if I remember correctly I think you know if you walk you will get no if you run you will get more wet yeah so that is why better walk okay Abdul no running don't increase the speed of your motorbike okay anyway so like that there are so many wonderful things which are just around Gopi right yeah but we don't really you know care to notice that there are so many wonderful things okay good yeah please take the next one the dispersion coefficient or diffusion coefficient or axial diffusion coefficient these are the names you know or axial diffusion coefficient D capital D represents the spreading process capital D okay D large means rapid spreading of course D small means slow spreading D zero means no spreading plug flow very good no spreading P f right yeah so the parameter which of course D is one of the parameters but the characteristic dimensionless number what we use here is the dispersion number D by U L D by U L where D is the diffusivity U is the velocity and L is the length of what length of the reactor if it is empty tube okay yeah so if it is a packed bed then we will also we can also define D by U D P into D P by L that is also D by U L but there are two geometric parameter is one okay and you have actual D by you know that mixing group good so this is the one and D by U L zero means okay this is also D by U L or you also have another group U L by D just reverse of the you know what is this called Peclet number I already I think I told sometime back okay right this is D by U L is dispersion number dispersion number and this is called Peclet number Peclet number good okay so you D by U L equal to zero I should not write that now now I will write D by U L equal to zero also equal to okay this is P f correspondingly Peclet number equal to for P f for M f D by U L equal to infinity and Peclet number equal to zero okay so these are the extremes what we have good so what we do is that in this one I think now let us write the material balance quickly and here I will take a small element tracer entering tracer leaving tracer reacting there is no tracer reaction and only tracer accumulated so when you write that I am not explaining quickly I think we will do that one just one thing I want to tell you here is this D is not alone molecular diffusion it is not molecular diffusion then what else ya because of convection also there will be disturbance there will be mixing all that put together it is called dispersion number that is not equivalent to your simple molecular dispersion D where you have some equations to calculate D but here depending on the flow structure you have to always find out from the experiment out of that out of that D some may be molecular diffusion and some may be convective diffusion that is why sometimes it is also called effective diffusivity coefficient D is called effective diffusivity coefficient effective diffusivity ya so there are so many things I say that is why in fact this effective diffusivity again will be a different effective diffusivity when compared to diffusion through catalytic particle this is inside the reactor when the flow is there molecules will be moving faster by nature because by dispersion by molecular diffusion but again this kind of mixing some molecules will be thrown forward backward and all that right because of the flow so both together we are calling it as effective diffusivity now if I take a single catalyst particle there are lot of holes right I mean the porosity is there for the particle now the gas molecules or liquid molecules have to diffuse through the pores through the pores inside the pores also I will have some due to convection some due to what is called Knudsen diffusion heard of it and some diffusion called configurational diffusion heard of it ya Knudsen diffusion definition is that the mean free path of the molecule should be comparable with the pore diameter that is Knudsen diffusion and convective diffusion is the molecule size you know the pore size will be 100 200 500 times compared to molecule diffusion that means very free movement that is convection and Knudsen diffusion means the molecules will collide with the walls because it is almost the free the mean free path is almost same as diameter of the pore so that is why it collides a number of times configurational diffusion is one molecule goes and sits in the pore and another molecule will go and push it that moves another molecule will come and push it that means if you look in the pores when you have this configurational diffusion you can see one molecule behind the other one molecule behind the other that fraction may be very very less all that three together is also called effective diffusivity for catalytic particles this is for the reactor that is for the particle alone and like that I have thousands of particles in my reactor so the diffusivity inside the particle and this is the diffusivity in the reactor even if I have packed there are two diffusivities now what are these two one is between the packings where the fluid is moving between the packings you have the porosity there the liquid enters or gas enters may be turns a little bit because of the stirring I mean you do you are not putting a stirring but because of some kind of circulations within that thing then move then go again may come back all kinds of things will happen but that is outside the particle but within the voidage lost totally or what no I think it is very clear only yeah then there is another diffusion and that liquid or gas which has entered into these interstices between the particles that has to diffuse through the force now that pore diffusion and also you know in pore diffusion you have again convective Knudsen configurational all that also will have another diffusivity coefficient it is very complicated if you go deeper and deeper okay but it is not so complicated if you want to use your brain and then try to understand because all these things is difficult what I told you know I have a packed bed and packed bill will naturally will have some interstices between the particles so what we are describing here is that flow not inside the particles but when you go to inside the particle and look what is happening to the molecules few molecules will diffuse and when they are diffusing they will come through convective diffusion because large pores and diameter of the molecule is small very happily can walk right because on the road if no one is there the way you want you can happily go that is convection right if you go to Ranganada street now there is one street cleaner you have to go and see particularly during devali time it is worse than packed bed because I think you know packed bed at least you can move and all that every sunday not need not be need not be devali time okay so it is like a packed bed only there the movement is very very there you hit more number of people than you are freely moving Knudsen diffusion okay you go and hit him and he will throw you and he will go and hit him so like that you know yeah sometimes you may feel happy in hitting others okay particularly boys hitting girls girls hitting boys these are all natural you cannot avoid them okay otherwise you know the species will not produce you know so all these things are there in life all these things are there in life you know okay so that is why that is Knudsen diffusion but sometimes in even in that road there are some people who can walk only behind him one other person behind him another person if you look carefully husband wife daughter son all those people will be configuration diffusion because one behind the other very carefully they will push and then moving but the overall diffusion when you see in the pipe you know pipe means in that road that is what is effective because people are finally going you know from this end to that end but different people are taking different routes some people hitting some people trying to walk freely some people again you know going behind this same thing is happening even in the catalytic particle okay so that is what good so that is why this effective diffusivity is a peculiar word in chemical engineering can be used for different things okay good so when I write now balance here for this diagram input equal to output plus accumulation plus reaction this fellow is zero and I am writing here at least once let me write okay I see I have automatically written DE that is effective effective diffusivity this is dou C by dou x if I take this is the x direction yeah plus you see yeah at x that is this is x and this is x plus yeah delta x okay I will explain this one later and the same terms dou C by dou x plus you see oh this has become now okay this bracket square bracket on I am putting this is x plus delta x and accumulation inside that volume will be dou C by dou T a delta x where a is cross sectional area oh sorry where a is cross sectional area okay good let me now explain okay so why there are two terms here excellent this is convective this is diffusion okay so the same thing that means here because of axial mixing right so I have two terms here that is convective diffusion and axial diffusion and if I have ideal plug flow this fellow will be zero because D is zero because no dispersion D equal to that is what no D equal to zero no spreading P f right so this term will be is not there so then also we can write the balance and then try to find out for ideal plug flow right so when I take this one as as delta x extending to zero and all that right yeah and also I have written dou C because it is a function of concentration variation is a function of two variables yeah distance and time that is why that dou C has come there right otherwise sometimes without knowing we write sometimes dou C sometimes no C okay and you don't see even though there is you see okay all these things will be there okay so now this is going to D e dou square C by dou x square minus u dou C by dou x equal to dou C by dou t so this is the this is very very famous equation because this fellow comes in many many many places in chemical engineering okay it is simple second order see for most of the time for modeling Charama Krishna it is very good in chemical engineering generally in all engineering problems you will not go beyond second order differential equation except civil engineers where they go for bending movement you are a true civil engineer no not environmental background and all that okay civil engineering converted to environment engineering or at least trying to do now environment engineering so bending movement and all that they go to even differential equation D to the power of 4 or something correct for bending movement when you solve the problem okay there is a reason beautiful reason I have forgotten that physics because why you have to go to bending movement and all that you know fourth fourth order differential equation otherwise in many engineering problems you will only maximum go to second order differential equation many in you take in mechanical or you take in aeronautical and all that only civil engineers have that greatness there okay good so this is the equation now so this equation we need two boundary conditions because second order differential equation and on this equation alone I can tell you there would have been at least 500 papers I am not joking 500 papers not on this means the use of this it can be used in rotary kills it can be used in moving beds it can be used in you so yeah I mean this first fluidized beds many many many places are flow through channels right so many places that can be used and the boundary conditions are also one of the very important discussion point right so I will come back to when you talk about reaction but here I think Levenspiel is in a real expert for RTD okay I think from the beginning he liked that and then only his book gives very good information on RTD but even then that will be some kind of slight confusion will be there because RTD is not that easy to grasp easily so you have to also carefully absorb that good so this equation he simplifies in the sense that if this DE is very very large okay that to start with let us say DE is very very small whatever boundary condition you use you will get only one type of response that means when I saw response means concentration versus time data and that number also he put that if d by u l equal to less than point zero one if d by u l is less than point zero one so this is of course so in this case what you get here the response is what we want to get here is what Swami is always see versus right so you will get a beautiful Gaussian curve right not Gaussian the way now slightly better so that kind of Gaussian you know what is Gaussian curve no beautifully spread symmetry is maintained okay exactly if you can cut in and there you will have the mean also exactly at the center at the peak all those properties are there for Gaussian curve so that kind of curves you get curves you get if d by u l less than point o one so that means boundary conditions will not be really effective there okay but the moment you go for more and more dispersion that means d by u l is greater than this point zero one then it will try to distort that means this queerness will come on the right hand side so it goes like this and then goes like that right so that is why you beautifully changed that you know I mean depending on the boundary conditions okay the first one is if d by u l equal to no effect of b c's boundary conditions on the c versus t curve one gets Gaussian Gaussian ga u Gaussian distribution Gaussian distribution also called normal distribution okay Gaussian distribution or normal distribution okay so this is the kind of thing and for this there is an expression available for e theta right how do you get and all that you do not have to worry so our idea is to find out concentration versus time diagram or time equation after solving this converting that into e t or e theta right so it is already given in the literature e theta for this case as e theta equal to 1 by 4 pi d by u l square root is here exponential minus 1 minus theta square 4 d by u l yeah so of course you can also convert the where theta equal to usual definition t by t bar where t bar equal to volume by volumetric flow rate or length by velocity because this model we are using mainly we cannot use axial dispersion model when you are very close to mixed flow because that dispersion is too much you never get this kind of nice Gaussian curve okay that also you have to remember so what else is there theta t bar and of course other things we know yeah good so that means when I plot this this equation what is the parameter here theta I have to plot e theta this side what is left there only d by u l so when d by u l equal to very very small let us say for example 4 0 1 0 0 0 1 you may get yeah this may be d by u l equal to point 0 0 0 1 and you may also get this may be d by u l equal to point 2 0 1 I am just giving you know it is enough right yeah or I may get this kind of curve or maybe on this scale d by u l equal to point 1 just we are plotting even though I think you know point not 1 is the limit just to show you that you know how it can spread right and here all these peaks will be same what is this one mean what is mean here theta bar and theta bar what is the value 1 that means t bar by tau equal to 1 okay so then how do I use this information how I use this information is after conducting the experiment I will put on this curve my experimental data I have all this I have plotted because I can put any number you know I can also go to in between point 0 4 0 5 okay 3 0 5 and also here may be 3 0 2 like that I can generate any number of graphs here particularly with the available computation all that so then I will also put my experimental points so if experimental points are going like this really beautiful curve really wonderful curve so if and then I join this yeah so definitely this will tally with one of the d by u l so maybe here this d by u l is may be this is point not 1 this is point 1 so this may be I am just giving point not not 5 I mean just to give you some value that is all so like that otherwise you can use many other techniques okay what is the other techniques I will give this equation into MATLAB I will give for d by u l some guess value right and then ask MATLAB to match these two experimental value as well as the theoretical value what it does is what MATLAB does is so we give the data as theta versus e theta experimental okay and also e theta e theta theoretical right so here e theta you have to give 0 point 1 point 2 etc may be theta equal to till 10 that means 10 times mean this is time if you have data till 10 so now what it does first it goes to theoretical value because theoretical equation is there right so then it will calculate e theta value for a given d by u l right I think those who are learning MATLAB or you know this kind of matching the data should know this but to calculate you know this e theta we need definitely what is d by u l that is why you give initial guess right so let us say you are given some initial guess as point not 1 then it this is fixed then only theta it will vary and then calculate e theta so then it will yeah calculate all those e theta values 1 okay okay like this it will calculate all the values you already listed out all the experimental values so now it will the program will take the difference between e theoretical minus e experimental I mean that you can define yeah I think all that criteria you can give square and then you know it must be 0 and also what is the limit okay theoretical is 0 but no computer can handle 0s that is where we score a point even compared to correct no it does not know how to handle infinity it does not know how to handle 0s immediate it comes what is that value yeah something like that it will come immediate it throws up right so I mean at least we are happy that we have slight intelligence then computer at that point good okay so like that and then you give the total value that the average of all this must be point 0 0 0 0 0 1 or 10 to the power of minus 5 or 10 to the power of minus 6 the difference then it prints yeah okay so I think I have not told the other one so now this will this d by u l for point not 1 it will calculate and then checks then it does not know whether that is correct or not then you have to give all this anyway that will be in the program then it will take point not 1 I have given as a guess value so you have to give what is the step change in d by u l that means instead of point not 1 it will take point not 1 5 positive and similarly one negative value that means point not 1 means a point 9 5 or no point 0 9 5 no point 2 zeros 9 5 yeah so third decimal point 5 difference right third decimal 5 difference then it will see that which direction it is moving that means whether it is positive that means the difference between these two whether it is narrowing down when you reduce the value or even it is narrowing down when it when it when you are increasing the value it sees only the difference between those two then if you it finds that by increasing the difference is small then it moves in the direction so then it tries I told you point not 1 5 and it may take again point not 1 2 not 1 5 yeah not 1 5 yeah may be point not 2 later so like that point not 2 5 point not 3 like that it goes and finally when you specified the difference between these two and average overall average because you have to give that then when it is almost the value which you have specified then it will say this is the correct d by u l value but for that you should have a feel if you want to have a feel this is the best at least few few runs you have to do the experiment and then I mean anyway you are doing the experiment and you have to plot this and plot your experimental data with the theory and then choose the closest one that you give as the initial guess then the optimization search is very very fast all of you have to do that in your m s or p h d or m tech if you are doing a project matching experimental data and theoretical model if you don't have your own experimental data someone else's experimental data at least you have to match if you don't have your own model so then your experimental data should be matched with some others theoretical


We finally had an update this morning in regards to the cancelled 7 star terrorist event for Chestnut and that spotlight terrorist event for Great Tusks and Iron Threads. We have dates now for when these events will finally be returning in Scarlet and Violet and we're going to cover everything in today's video. So on the 19th of May, these events went live. The spotlight terrorist event for Great Tusks and Iron Threads and the returning 7 star terrorist event for Chestnut. But shortly after that event went live, both these terrorist events got pulled because of an issue with the item rewards in the Great Tusks and Iron Threads terrorist event. The issue was there was a non-item appearing occasionally in the rewards for the Great Tusks and the Iron Threads. And this non-item was meant to be the Pokemon material. But because these Pokemon are paradox Pokemon, it means that they don't actually have Pokemon material. And subsequently because of this, when a player finished the terrorist event after receiving that non-item, it would cause the game to crash. So on the back of this, they pulled every event that weekend and we haven't had an update since then. But this morning we have an update and it seems like that issue has been fixed and we have all the news with when these events will be returning. The 7 star terrorist event for Chestnut was its second time of returning. So we had one phase of it, but that was the second weekend of it coming. So we would do a new terror after that. But as you can see, it will be returning now next week, next Friday from the 16th of June until the 19th. So a run from over that weekend, which will be the 16th to the 18th of June. Ignore the 19th here because it's just with time differences with Japan. And we will be finally able to get the 7 star Chestnut. I know a lot of you had issues because the first one dropped around the release date of Tears of the Kingdom. So you were thinking, I'll play Tears of the Kingdom. I'll get it the second week. And then obviously the issues happened and the event got cancelled. So this is the opportunity for you to get this in your games. Of course, now we do have access to Pokemon Home. So you might already have access to Chestnut in your games. But the thing is to remember it's probably important to get this Chestnut because it is going to be holding the mightiest mark. And it's the only way to get that mark on your Pokemon, which may have some role to play when the DLCs drop later this year. So like I say, no further information really other than this. It'll be exactly the same as it was the first time it appeared. It will be running from Friday, June the 16th until June the 18th, which will be that Sunday evening. And then after that, we should get the announcement of the next seven star terror event, which will be Delphalt. And you can see as well, the Great Tusks and the Iron Treads will be returning as well. It does stay in here that the issues that were causing the problem have now been resolved. There is an apology for the inconvenience caused to everyone who's looking forward to it. And we would appreciate that you check out the holding period below, which is again the 16th until the 19th of June. So these two raids finally are going to be returning in our games. But like I've said already, we do have Pokemon home released now. So we've got a bunch of new options available to take into these terror events for the chest note. We covered one of the best builds for that already, which will be that Apple turn as well as the Laurenti's. And I do have another build that will be featured going into that raid when it goes live again next Friday. But we also have all of the new legendary Pokemon and the Hissu Pokemon that can make these a lot easier. So if you'd like to see some updated guy builds on these raids coming next week, let me know down in the comment section below, and I'll happily put those out for you to make these raids a lot easier to form. And for one, I'm really looking forward to it because I am running a lot on materials. So the seven star raid events and the spotlight raid events are something that are really valuable in game just for me personally, for just farming items very quickly, and I'm happy to see them returning. But I'm pretty sure that after this, we will see that Del Fox raid announced on the Sunday evening. So that should be the next week after this now that all of these issues have been resolved, which is such good news. Let me know down in the comment section below what you think of the news today. Are you looking forward to these raids returning and do you think they're going to stick to the original plan with that Del Fox being the next seven star raid after the chest note? Thank you so much for taking the time to tune into today's video. And I'll see you all in another video very soon. So until then, friends, take care of yourselves and bye bye.


Okay, so we're back, and I have put together the small digit wheel. This last one is pretty ugly, but I guess that's okay. It's still functional. Anyway, the point is that I cleaned it with toluene or here in California industrial maintenance coating thinner. Yeah, that's what it's called. Anyway, you can see that all the digits spin very freely, and the reason that they spin very freely is that I cleaned it of all the disgusting of all the really disgusting congealed grease and I applied sewing machine oil, which is a very lightweight oil to pretty much every surface. And everything is very smooth now, so it looks really good. So that's that thing. So the next thing is to take off, as we said earlier, the large digit wheel, which is not possible unless I remove the middle shaft. So in order to do that, in order to remove the middle shaft, basically I'm going to have to remove the taper pins, and we hate taper pins. I have some extra things today. I have a freezing spray, and I have my heat gun. This is a slightly different heat gun with a smaller aperture. And also what I thought I'd try is if that doesn't work, I also have a Dremel. And with the Dremel, I have some bits, and in the bits, I have these these engraving bits. And the engraving bits, they're basically diamond tips. And I thought that, you know, if I can't knock the taper pins out, I can just sort of engrave inside. And instead of using an enormous drill press to try to to try to mill the pin out, I can just use a Dremel, and maybe just grind away at the top of the taper pin. So anyway, that's an idea that I'm going to be trying. So, but first in order to in order to remove these things, I am going to first remove these glass panels. These glass panels typically get broken. They're usually received from eBay broken. Here's a crack right here, and here's a crack over here. So So what I'm going to do is I'm going to remove these plates. They're just held on by, you know, simple screws around. I'm going to remove this lifting knob, which just has basically a nut on the other side right over there. And then I'm going to try to remove the taper pins. So I'm going to cut right now, and we'll see where we are shortly. A quick note, a couple of notes.  It's actually two faceplates, and there's the glass. The glass, of course, is broken. At least a part of it is. It's pretty pretty lightweight glass. It's it's rather thin. So I'm thinking this could probably easily be replaced even by acrylic, although yeah, you don't want to do that. That's not very authentic. But you know, it could probably be easily replaced with glass. Here's the smaller bit. Here's the smaller one, with an intact piece of glass. The edges of the glass are pretty cracked, but I guess it doesn't really matter, because those would be hidden by the bezel. I didn't take off the little indicators. There wasn't really any point. So, okay. So I did that. I took off the knob, and I put all the little tiny screws in bag 15. Then I used the freezing spray and the hot air gun. And also a little, you know, piece of aluminum, or I think this is steel, as a kind of a heat shield, to try to protect the delicate, cellulose digit wheel over here. And then, basically, I heated it up once. I sprayed it once. I heated it up again. And then I just was able to knock out the taper pin, just with this little thing. And it came right out. So that was kind of nice. So the thing is that I think it's very important to note the orientation of these pieces. Because if they get put in wrong, I don't think this thing is going to work. So this part over here has this kind of a flat end over here. And when this flat end is facing this way, this gear has this other sort of a non-toothed area. That non-toothed area faces down. So I think that's important to note. The purpose of these gears over here is to rotate the digit wheel. And you might be able to see, if I can rotate this one digit wheel here, there's this little metal piece over here. And this actually, when these digit wheels rotate this way, they will get stopped by these little things over here. And when they get stopped, you can see that they stop on zero. So basically what this gear over here does is it rotates the digit wheels this way, right, this way until they get stopped. So that's the zero. So that's what happens when you rotate the central shaft. So you can rotate it one way and you can rotate it the other way. And when you rotate it one way, only one of the gears should go. And when you rotate it the other way, the other gear should go. So anyway, that was just a quick note. I am now going to attempt to remove this other taper pin and then basically remove the entire central shaft and see what happens. So I was able to remove the second taper pin with slightly more difficulty. It just required a few more cycles, but it came right out. I just banged on it with this one small, well, larger kind of a tool and then the smaller tool and it came right out. So now I'm going to pull out the shaft and we shall see what happens. It's coming out. It is coming out very slowly. It's just taking a bit of effort to pull. Maybe I should get some pliers. Yeah, I will definitely get some pliers. OK, OK, some pliers. Let's use this to maybe grab on to the end. And pull or maybe over here or maybe this way. OK, that was, of course, going to happen. I need to tighten this a little. Why are you so stuck? Probably for the same reason all these other parts are stuck because the grease has congealed in it. So let's remove the central shaft and then to remove the central shaft. OK, the central shaft is stuck on something. Yeah, OK, well, I'll leave it there. Yeah, or maybe I'll remove it. Well, OK, I'll just leave it there. OK, so now we have this part and it looks like in order to remove this part. Now I'm going to have to unscrew this nut and it looks like that will probably loosen up all of these parts. And then I can just take this and pull it out there. So here's the thing. There's there's no way around it. There must be a special tool that was used to unscrew this kind of a split flat head kind of thing. So you see over here, this is actually a set screw. And originally what I did was I aligned the set screw up so that so that the notches were were parallel with each other. And then I fiddled with it and, you know, was able to remove it. But there's no question that this particular one was meant to be removed with a tool that's like a flat head, but it's kind of split. So and the reason that I need that is I took this thin Crescent wrench, it's eleven sixteenths, and that is the size of this nut over here. And when I move the nut, basically you can see that the other part moves. Oops, that the other part moves along with it. So, you know, unless I can hold on to this part, which is really difficult with an ordinary screwdriver, unless I can hold on to this part while I unscrew this nut, I'm not going to be able to remove this part. It is actually kind of moot at this point because, you know, now that the shaft is out of the way, I can probably just pull this out, which I think I'll probably do. But, you know, I may run into the same problem with these nuts over here. So I really want to find the proper tool because it would be nice to have the right tools to remove this thing. This is a little worrying. I really don't know why this isn't coming out so well. It's probably because the shaft is being lifted slightly because of the way that this piece is in the way, maybe. It would be nice to take that out as well, just for fun. So that I could take this shaft out, actually. But anyway, so I'm going to leave it there. When I come back, I will probably have removed the large-digit wheel, you know, hokeying up something to remove this. And maybe I'll have some more information on this funny tool that should and that should be used to remove these funny nut kind of a screw thing. So let's see what happens. I did manage to find out what the bits are called to remove this sort of split flathead thing. It's called a slotted spanner nut driver. They're not spanners because a spanner is apparently two round holes and the bits are basically two round bits. You can't use that. You have to use slotted spanner. The problem is that when I looked online, I don't think there actually was any standard slotted spanner that would fit this. So I guess what you would have to do is basically take a screwdriver and well, it would have to be obviously bigger than this. Take a screwdriver and cut out the middle. I can't really think of any other way that you would do that. What I did was I again, I aligned the slot in the central set screw and then I was able to take this screwdriver and rotate it. That's never going to happen with this. And there is definitely no slotted spanner nut driver that would fit this because of this big extension over here. So I'd have to make a custom tool. But in any case, what I did was I removed the the sides from the large digit wheel so that I can just remove that. Now I have a nut here and a nut here. And now I have this digit wheel. So we've got some more parts held on by taper pins. It looks like the wheels were put on from this side because there is this slot which just kind of ends. So obviously removing this isn't going to do anything. I'm going to have to remove everything from this side. So we've got one taper pin for this part and another taper pin for this part. And then I should just be able to remove all of these digit wheels and clean everything up. And then after that, I think we will be in good shape to actually put the whole thing back together and cross our fingers and hope that everything is working. So I've removed this and I removed the taper pin from here. This required some heat cycles and a little bit of engraving a bit with one of the engraving bits on the small end before I was able to knock it through. So there is the taper pin. So before I continue, it is important to note the orientation of the parts. So here we have this flat end right over here. And that aligns with this notch on the other side. So that's important to know. So I can just remove this. And I'm just going to put the taper pin with the part. Just waited it to go this way. So I'm going to put the taper pin with the part. Wow, that's some noise. I don't know what's going on. And then this part comes off. This is the locking arm. It can come down and go into a hole in an axle which prevents it from moving. Again, it's important to note that there is a sort of washer-like protrusion on this side. And there is this little arm thing that the spring was on. So it's important to note that that's the orientation. So that goes in the bag. This is bag 15. Okay, so the next thing that we have to do now is remove this part with its taper pin. And you can see that we have one part that's sticking out. And that is rounded. So that's usually the big end. Luckily, the small end doesn't even stick out. It is embedded. So in fact, we should be able to remove this really quickly, really easily. So let's see if that can, in fact, be done. So I'm going to find... I think this works, maybe? Yeah, I think that's good. I'm just making sure that the pin can actually come out. Yeah, I'm not sure it can. Let's see. All right, I'll try it and see what happens. I'll tap at it gently. Nothing yet. Let's try that. All right, so what I'm going to do is first thing I'm going to do, and may as well do that now so you can see, I'm going to take the heat gun and where is my heat shield? Here's my heat shield. And I'm just going to heat it up a little. I don't want to heat it up so much that the heat ends up heating up too much of the axle. So now basically I froze it and I'm going to heat it up again. Now that I heated it up, I'm going to attempt to knock on the pin. That's not going in. It's not working. Not yet, anyway. All right, so I'm going to freeze it again, heat it up again, freeze it again, heat it up again. Maybe freezing a little more and heating it up again. Absolutely sure not to get that cellulose hot. All right, let's see what happens now. It's just not coming out. All right, so if this happens, then the next thing that I do is I just take the Dremel, take the Dremel, and what have I got? So I have a bit on it. This is the engraving bit. It's a small one. Will it fit in here? Yeah. So basically what I do is I take that and I'm just going to drill a little bit into it, just a little bit. And knock on it a little bit. That doesn't work. So all that was required really, I think, is to take this one which has a little bit of a bigger end and knock on the end of the pin because apparently the smaller one wasn't providing enough force. So I think that it would be really nice if I had a bunch of these in all sorts of different sizes so that I could get the exact size that went into here. Also it would be nice if this didn't actually taper, if this were straight, so that would be really helpful. But alas, I only have these two sizes and the only reason why I have two sizes is that I cut off one of these. Anyway, so the taper pin is out. That's cool. Can I pull this out? I'm probably going to have to use the bearing puller, won't I? So let's go and grab the bearing puller. So the reason that the bearing puller is misaligned is that these ends are not symmetrical, which is kind of a stupid thing that I did.  And I had half a mind to just remake these parts and then put these together and then cut them all at once so that way they have the same exact angle. But I am not going to do that now because we are now working on something else.  There are reasonably large screws and then I put some holes in there and tapped it. So I can take the jaws out. I can put these back in here so I don't lose them. Now I just need to take these out. It's kind of hard to get at them. It's really hard. There we go. Yeah, I could have found an adjustable wrench, but it's lazy. I'll do that and then I'll get the longer nose. It doesn't have to be too tight. So there's that. This is way too long. So I have this longer one. So this comes out and you put this one in and then you're done. Tighten this up, tighten this end up. This is just so much easier than trying to bang on these parts to get them off. It really is. Okay, loosen that up. So here's a wheel. So the wheel has digits 0 through 9 and then negative 1 through negative 9. So that's 19 positions. So it's got 19 detents. And there's the detent pin right over there. So there's that. And if I put this on here, that's really not too sticky. So, but then again, this was the wheel that was spinning freely. This one is also spinning fairly freely. This one too, this one. But this one, that is not spinning at all. And this one is a little... This one's not very easy. So let me get a... Okay, so let me take this and put the taper pin into it. See, does it go this way? Yeah, I think it does. And then let me get another bag. Excuse me. And this is just going to be a temporary bag. And then what I'm going to do is I'm going to take all of these parts. This one, this, and all of these parts out as well. And I'm going to clean them with toluene. Also known as industrial maintenance coating thinner. Clean them up, oil them, put them back. Put oil in between the little parts, like right in between here. So that the oil gets to soak into those detent holes. And then put it back together again. And it should work as smoothly and as nicely as this. Then I get to put everything back together again. Oiling as I go. So let's just use the magic of Final Cut Pro. This is the crud that is what's left of the grease and or the oil. Whatever it is. Basically it dried out.  I don't even know what it is. It's almost wax at this point. So yeah, that's why these absolutely had to be removed. So the last one comes out. The very last one. Get this aligned properly. Tighten it. Let's tighten. Screw the main screw to pull it. This is just so effortless. Let's see if I can just pull on it the rest of the way.  When I clean this up and oil it back on, this will go on very smoothly. So that's the last digit wheel. So this is my bag for stuff to be cleaned as well as the shaft. You can see of course that there is this stop over here. That's also taper pinned in. So that's pinned in. Obviously I'm not going to remove that and I'm not going to remove that. So I'm going to get this cleaned up. And then when I come back next, all of these will have been cleaned and put back on the shaft and I will show how nicely it rotates. And then we are actually going to get to put the machine back together, cleaning the parts and oiling them along the way. So we have pretty much just about reached the halfway point. So it's certainly been a long haul and I didn't get to take apart every single piece, but I got to take apart most of the things. So until next time, see ya.


I'm going to start recording. Okay, and Savon's here. And we're recording. Okay, great. So thank you all for making the time today. This is just for the record. James Pepper, chair of the cannabis control board. Today is November 19, 2021. And this is our meeting of the full cannabis advisory panel. And today what we're going to do is review the rules that we've, that Brian and David have drafted in the, and they're largely a reflection of all of the incredible work that this advisory panel did over there since September, which by our count is over 70 meetings, that's seven zero meetings of the advisory committee and the subcommittees. So really just, you all went above and beyond, which, you know, I think you all signed up for, but we have a path forward now. I think Nellie has sent around the minutes. And if we could maybe someone from the advisory committee, if you've had a chance to review them, give us a motion to approve the minutes. Motion to approve minutes. So Chris Walsh and Jim seconded. Okay. All in favor? Hi. Hi. Great. All right. Well, then I'm going to turn things over to Bryn and David. In addition to kind of reviewing some of our rules, they also are going to give you kind of what the next phase of the cannabis work is going to look like. Okay. Thank you everyone for the record. Bryn here from the cannabis control board executive director. So thank you for the introduction. This is the purpose of this meeting today is really to do a high level review of the rules. So I just wanted to start out by thanking the advisory committee for the incredible work that you've done and supporting the board's work and just reiterate how appreciative the board is of all of the time you've committed to this project. So as I mentioned, we are going to do a high level review of the rules today. As everyone's aware, the board has had to work really quickly to achieve the deadlines that have been set out in statute. So to that end, we've developed two of what will be probably five rules. And the purpose today is to preview those drafts with you but not to take any formal action on the rules. They're still in draft format. And as I'm sure you'll hear emphasized over and over today, they are subject to change before we pre-file them. So to start out, David's going to give the advisory committee kind of an update on where the board is and the process of rulemaking. All right. So this is a little overview of the next steps and where we've been. I know that this was designed for general public consumption. So some of this stuff I know that folks on this advisory committee are quite familiar with. So I'll run through it quickly. But as you know, a couple of different statutory laws gave the board the obligation to write administrative rules. And a lot of the work that the remarkable work you've all been doing over the last few months has really been geared towards allowing us and allowing the board to make those decisions and making those rules. For those who aren't familiar with the terminology, administrative rules are similar to laws. The legislature passes anybody who engages in activities that are regulated by a state agency have to follow those agency rules, just like they would have to follow the law. And the board, of course, also has to follow its own rules that it puts out. And as I just mentioned and as others have mentioned, a lot of the work that's been going on is really geared towards the rule-reading process. I won't get into the nitty-gritty of everything that goes into the rule-reading process and the various steps that we're going to have to follow before these rules actually become official and become enforceable. But if you are interested, you can go to that link. I'd say most importantly is the notice and comment period, which is going to be coming up in a few weeks here, depending on exactly when we get the rules filed. Notice and comment period has to last about 40 days. The rules will be publicly available. They'll be prominently displayed on our website, or I should say the proposed rules. And the notice and comment period will include public hearings. I know the board's planning on doing that. And the board, by law, has to consider all written and oral submissions in terms of comment. So there is a lot more. I think as the chair pointed out and as Brian pointed out, this has already been a very robust process in terms of public input. This board, of course, being a big part of that, but also the public comment periods during the subcommittee meetings and all the public comment periods in addition to that and the board's interactions with people. But there's going to be still more in the notice and comment period. And the board may make changes to the proposed rules on the basis of those comments. So there is another opportunity for people to weigh in. This is what the board rules are likely to look like at a very high level view. There's going to be five rules, most likely. The board, of course, hasn't voted on this yet. So these decisions are not final, but this is the likely outline of what things are going to look like. Rule one will be the licensing of cannabis establishments. Rule two will be how those cannabis establishments are regulated. Rule three will have everything to do with medical cannabis and dispensaries and so forth. Rule four will be the compliance and enforcement piece of it. And rule five, which doesn't quite fit in anywhere else, is the board removal rule. And that's a fact. That's because this board, unlike most boards, the governor does not have the power to remove board members. There's only a power that's given to the other board members. So we have to write a special rule to accommodate that. And this is where we're going in the next, really, in the next few weeks. Rules one and two will likely be prefiled, which is just the term we use to describe the beginning of the process for becoming official rule within about five or six business days, keeping in mind, of course, that the state of Vermont and state government, the Friday after Thanksgiving is not a business day. I will say we've been aiming and operating as though we will get rules one and two filed just before Thanksgiving, but it is certainly possible as we are trying to fit all the final pieces together that gets pushed out to early in the following week after Thanksgiving. But that is our goal and what we've, the way we've been working and operating is to get it filed really fairly soon. And then as a result of that, the notice in common period will take place from a round late, mid to late December through late January. I think we're expecting to do the public hearings in January. And of course the board will consider and respond to comments and may make changes accordingly. And then the final three rules will be likely be prefiled in early January and of course the notice in common period will follow that probably in the, approximately the month following that first notice in common period. And the final piece after that, once we're through notice and comment, once the board assimilates all the comments and puts them, responds to them, makes changes or notifies, you know, has some discussion about what they want to do with them, then the legislature gets a turn and there's a legislative committee that will review the proposed rule and give input and then once they're done, the rule will become final. And that legislative review process takes, it's hard to say exactly because it's, to some degree, up to them as to what they, how they want to run their schedule, but within a couple months, I would say after the end of the notice and comment, that final piece should be complete as well. And so that's a little overview and I'll turn it back to Brayn. Okay. So before I start giving an overview of the rules, are there any questions about the process? Okay. So as mentioned several times, this is a draft, very much a work in progress. So this is rule one of the two rules that we're going to be talking about today. As Brayn mentioned, we're going through the licensing of cannabis establishments rule and the regulation of cannabis establishments rule, that's rule two. And then the remaining rules are yet to come. So we start out in rule one with some general provisions, which includes the definition section, which I'm going to talk about briefly, and then just some general provisions that apply throughout the rule. Section two is the license application format and the fees associated with license applications. Section three are the licensing tiers and the different license types that are tiered, which are the cultivation, the retail and the manufacturing license types. Section four includes the license application requirements that apply to all of the licensing types. So these are just sort of general application requirements. Section five is the requirements that are applied specifically to the different cultivation types. Section six, so the next three, four sections are the specific requirements for applications for the different license types, so manufacturers, retailers, testing labs and integrated, different requirements for applications for them. Section 10 is the application acceptance periods. Section 11 is the suitability determinations, and that includes the criminal record checks and what are presumptively qualifying criminal history records and then how to overcome those presumptive disqualifications. Section 12 is issuance of licenses. Section 13 applies specifically to those provisional licenses which are the kind of preliminary licenses that an applicant can get before they've got all of their ducks in a row. Section 14 are considerations that the board is going to make for prioritizing application, license applications. And I'm just going to note here that there is, the board has been discussing the priority of their consideration of applications and they talked about that this morning in their board meeting, they have not voted on that, so what they discussed this morning in the board meeting does not appear here in the rule. Section 15 are license renewal procedures section 16 is the cannabis identification cards and the requirements for those cards. Section 17 is applicants ongoing duty to disclose information to the board and then section 18 is confidentiality. So obviously I'm not going to go through the entire rule, but I am going to direct your attention to a couple of different places and the first is the definition section. So it's important to note that all of those terms that are defined in Title 7 Chapter 31 apply to the rule. So just as an example some of what's covered there are the definitions of cannabis, definition of cannabis products, characterizing flavor, advertisement child resistant packaging those are just examples of the terms that are defined in statute and they do not appear here in the definition section because they already apply in statute and they've kind of been incorporated by reference in this sort of opening sentence to the definition section. What we've done so far is to capitalize words that are defined in statute so it's clear that there is a definition associated with them. Although not every defined term is capitalized but frequently used ones are capitalized. Thanks for that. So the other thing that I'd like to note is that social equity applicant is defined here and this is the definition that is based on the recommendation that came from the social equity subcommittee that the board approved the recommendation that the board approved. The board hasn't voted on this particular definition. I would just like to point out. So the definition here is whether it is an applicant who's either socially disadvantaged or who has been arrested convicted or incarcerated for a cannabis related offense or who has a family member who has been. And then that socially disadvantaged is also a defined term which you can see here in subsection F. And that socially disadvantaged is presumed to include black and Hispanic Americans and other individuals that the board determines are going to qualify in accordance with a portion of the Code of Federal Regulations. And it also includes individuals that the board determines have been disproportionately impacted sorry, includes people that can demonstrate that they have been disproportionately impacted by cannabis prohibition. So that is the definition that I wanted to point out because it is new and the board will review it and vote on it when they need next week. And the other... It is subject to change. The board hasn't been able to vote on it. So just noting that, that is one of the pieces. Any of these pieces that you're looking at are subject to change because the board has not voted on the rules as a whole and that particular piece they haven't voted on. So I wanted to note that. Thank you. And the other piece that the board hasn't voted on is the lab standards piece that they did review it this morning but have not voted on it. So the second rule is the regulation of cannabis establishments. So again, I'm just going to go through the index here to give you an overview of what's included. So again, we've got the general provisions which includes the definition section and again, we're incorporating those statutory definitions by reference. Also, section 2 is the regulations that are applicable to all cannabis establishments and this is sort of a big portion that includes all of those records that are required, insurance requirements, background check requirements and obligations of continuing disclosure, health safety and sanitation requirements, employment and training, tracking of cannabis and cannabis products, transportation of cannabis and cannabis products, waste disposal, packaging, warning labels, advertising, composition presumptions for advertising, visitors to cannabis establishments, inspections, inversion and diversion from the legal market, how that is prohibited, compliance and other jurisdictions, reporting theft or loss and colocation. And then 2.3 moves into regulations that are applicable specifically to cultivators and that includes all of the pesticide requirements, visitors, testing, adulterated cannabis, packaging, inspection requirements, sanitation, cultivation and operations information that has to be on hand and vendor and employee samples. And then we've got some specific regulations that are applicable to outdoor cultivators and that includes outdoor security management, minimum security management practices, requirements for visibility from a public road and then security for drying, curing and storage and allowance for winter indoor storage. 2.5 moves into regulations that are applicable to indoor cultivators and then we've got again the security requirements and then energy standards and then reporting and reduction efforts that indoor cultivators are required to meet. And then regulations applicable to manufacturers and that includes the safety requirements, security requirements, testing requirements, packaging and then additives, records and sampling for vendors and employees. 2.7 is regulations applicable to wholesalers and that includes security requirements, processing and packaging and then 2.8 is regulations applicable to retailers and that includes language on buffer zones, retail security, age verification, packaging, standard operating procedures, samples and the safety information flyer. 2.9 is the regulations that apply to testing labs, cultivators and manufacturers so that includes the testing requirements and potency parameters, the moisture parameters, microbiological parameters, metal parameters, pesticides, residual solvents and then language about new tests, records and other parameters in testing methods and this is also a language that the board has reviewed but has not yet voted on. 2.10 are the regulations that apply to the integrated licenses and then 2.11 are the licensees ongoing duty to disclose information to the board which includes disclosure for changes in control and then again 2.12 is the confidentiality requirements and 2.13 is the regulatory waiver. Was there anything else that I could draw attention to? I heard in the lab noting the lab hasn't been voted on lab standards I think that was it. So that is the high level overview of these regulations. I am going to send out a PDF of these drafts to all of the advisory committee members for your review. So that will give you time to review them and get back to the board before they meet on these drafts next week. So I would be happy to take questions or to hone in on any areas that are of particular interest to the advisory committee. We will be to review like can we get hard copies of this review? Yep. Yes, Sivan. Really this is a question back to you which is are there any specific sections that you folks of the board and staff particularly want us to delve into with more of a fine-tooth comb? Obviously we'll need some time to go through the whole thing. Are there certain parts that you're especially looking for feedback or do you feel that all of it is still not something that jumps out to us? So I can start out by saying that obviously all of these all of the language here is based on the recommendations that came from the various subcommittees. So each advisory committee member like as a subcommittee member is more than welcome to review the parts of the rules that apply to their various subcommittees and we would very much appreciate your feedback whether you think it appropriately captures what was recommended by the subcommittee. But apart from that I'm not sure that there are specific areas that the board is looking for feedback on but I'll let them weigh in on that. You know I would just take the advisory committee back to what we've determined as the legislative intent of the cannabis market here in Vermont which is really to prioritize small scale cultivation, environmental stewardship, social equity embedding social equity not just by way of license holders but throughout the industry and so the rules that apply to those areas and the accommodations that we can make to those licensees while still maintaining kind of our commitment to environmental sustainability are areas where you know especially people that are in the industry that understand kind of the practices and the kind of how the market works whether it's a corollary, savante alcohol or you know or not like would be very helpful if you kind of put your eyes on it and say hey this is not going to work or this is not worked on the kind of liquor side of things that stuff is very helpful to us or this is unnecessary or this is overly intrusive we still have to deal with federal illegality of cannabis but so there's a lot in here that's probably overly intrusive but you know if you can kind of think about where we can make an accommodation for small cultivators and the like I think that's particularly helpful for us. The only thing I'd add real quick very much along those lines is obviously these rules cover a huge volume of subjects and so feel free to assign yourselves to areas where you feel like you have expertise and dig in on those because it'll be really helpful to have tight focus on areas that you know well and I think that'll benefit us on the board working for the board. Siobhan, Chris another one that we talked about today as a board is the idea of co-location both kind of from a vertical integration standpoint of kind of one license holder but also as a kind of landlord licensee and kind of tenant licensees co-locating in a single physical address you know that's an area where certain states allow it other states don't allow it and we walk through what I kind of thought were the pros and cons of co-location today but it's an area where you know it's new to us and if you have thoughts on that as well I would point you there to that section that's a well-worn subject to alcohol so I'll definitely take a look. Great anyone have any questions from a process standpoint you know we laid out a very high level overview of what our next steps are from a rulemaking perspective of course we still need a fee bill so we still have a few aspects that we're going to have to rely on the legislature for and we need kind of a compliance enforcement team we need a licensing portal which is a tech project so our agency of digital services is in the process of kind laying out a schedule for us on the kind of go live date for our licensing portal and we need the licensing review staff resources as well so there are certain while we may have our rules in time for the timelines that are laid out in our legislation a lot needs to fall into place for us to actually be able to go live on May 1st as the legislation directs us to and then of course there's the medical program we have kind of a plan in place to assume the medical program on January 1st, 2022 we have as part of kind of our condition of licensure we have a plan in place to maintain the continuity of services and products for that program during this transition and beyond but those rules are set to expire in statutes next year we're going to be working on kind of replacement rules and statutes for that that will require legislative action as well so there's a lot of moving pieces and the rules are one part of it you know we don't want to overly burden this advisory committee more than we already have but we do kind of want to continue the relationship with you all as we move forward through these major kind of milestones and that's why we called you here together today is you know we put our kind of we're putting our final touches on this and we really appreciate any feedback you can that you have you know think about your area of expertise why you were selected to be a part of the advisory committee and really if you can I know it's asking a lot but to drill down on the areas that you see here where you feel most capable of kind of giving us advice giving us recommendations you know pointing out unintended consequences and red flags Meg has her hand raised sorry Bryn I know you said this but you'll be sending out this draft to all of us when did you need our feedback by so the board the goal right now is for the board to meet on Tuesday to review the rules and vote on them that is the plan right now so if possible before the board meeting on Tuesday which right now is scheduled for 10 o'clock okay great thank you there are ways for us to modify later than Tuesday of course so please I mean that is the the cleanest way is for us to give recommendations and make changes on Tuesday but that's not the kind of drop dead date for changes to these rules no by all means and this is you know I think David went over this in the process the rule making process is a public process so there will be multiple opportunities for feedback as we move through that process so even after we pre-file the rules there will be they will change we will be responsive to all of the feedback that we get during that time as well so does anyone just have any last kind of thoughts right now I know we kind of dropped a lot of information on you and we didn't go you know line by line through this going line by line would take a number of hours but you know if there are any kind of last concluding thoughts before we ask send you on your way please feel free to raise them now otherwise we'll turn to public comment okay well thank you all again it's been a real pleasure to work with all of you I know no one really asked this you got assigned this role or many of you did but it's been I think you know we really do have we're charting a new way forward in Vermont and it's different than any other state has done it and it's kind of has a Vermont ethos built into it so it's kind of an exciting document exciting group of rules and it's really again a reflection of the input and the work that you all did so thank you and I would just if anyone from the public would like to make a public comment please raise your virtual hands and we'll start with Dave Silverman thank you James I don't want you to receive this question as coming under 1VSA 317 is the draft that you are sending available to the public at this time and if not when can the public or me see a draft of these regulations so it is not available to the public yet but it will be available and posted on our website at our next board meeting which right now is going to be Tuesday at 10 o'clock so just to be clear and I'm sorry for falling up before the Tuesday 10 a.m. meeting adjourns the public will have access to these rules draft in some sort of downloadable format yes thank you very much we have Jen next hi this is Jen Daniels Maristow Farms can you hear me okay? yes great I have three comments that I will also submit in writing and I will just read them crafted ones on the co-ops which we mentioned before ones on outdoor cultivation and ones on access by out-of-state brands is it okay to read them there are a couple of points to each one sure I should be included in the licensing structure for the following reasons to strengthen competitiveness for small businesses which we are one provide an additional pathway for social equity benefits support market price stability protect growers from unfavorable distribution terms and then finally elevate Vermont's craft brand limiting wholesale licenses to co-ops would also be wise in the disperse nature of the adult use retail market the increased costs of which will exert downward pressure on prices paid to growers on outdoor cultivation we feel that it should be increased well beyond the current 20% share of supply recommended in the 10-15 report the 20% recommendation appears to result from erroneous assumptions the report assumes that harvest will hit the market during a period of low demand in fact we're experiencing right now October crop harvest are typically ready for retail just in time for the holidays the report overlooks the fact that flower is shelf stable for at least 6 to 12 months if it's stored properly and then finally the report does not sufficiently account for the importance of terror war for Vermont's brand given Vermont's excellent climate there are definitely issues with mold and where you are but that's pretty much writ large when you're farming and elevating the emerald triangle of the east as folks like to say indoor flower is certainly fine and it is both an art and a science but it shouldn't discount the unique flavors of outdoor grow especially when we're looking across the entire country and then finally about access by out of state brands to the Vermont market should be restricted or eliminated in order to support the Vermont brand and the diversified small business oriented character of Vermont's adult use program we have 3 points on that briefly major national brands exert undue influence over producers throughout all kinds of agricultural value chains even when they have no ownership stake the advantages obtained by producers licensing national brands not only in market access but also access to investor capital all in favorable terms for ancillary materials will enable them to dominate the retail market Vermont squeezing out many if not most local brands and then finally the dumplings of national brands on Vermont shelves will undermine Vermont's craft thank you for that lengthy comment and all the work you're doing thank you Jen any other public comments Ben Fischer thanks so much for everything you guys are doing I've written a number of comments to the I've written a comment section and I was just hoping for a chance to advocate for the ability of cultivators to do some small scale manufacturing of product development some long time hemp grower but growing hemp since 2016 and we're currently allowed to also obtain manufacturers permit and I just think that at least the lower tier and some product development should be allowed to cultivators otherwise really all the products that are going to be hitting the market I'm just not sure I see good reasoning as to why big growers themselves if you have cultivator permit wouldn't be allowed to develop their own products that's my comment thanks so much thank you do you mind if I wait till after the public comment period great next we have Jeff Rink as a total so I'm just looking at the October 15th report market structure license fees and whatnot and I'm seeing that the outdoor cultivation canopy size is the same as mixed light and indoor I'm assuming that's an oversight as we all know growing 1000 feet outside is not the same as growing 1000 feet inside in fact a standard has evolved in legal states over the years that adopts a cultivation ratio we propose for every 4000 square feet outside there is 2000 square feet mixed light and 1000 square feet indoor what's going to happen is if we roll forward with what we're proposing we will have an inequitable production from the full sun and mixed light categories so please keep this in mind I hope this was an oversight I look forward to continuing this conversation the coming days to clarify and make that correction in the canopy size thanks Jeffrey anyone else who's joined via the link would like to make a public comment please raise your virtual hands I see one person by phone if you join by phone and would like to make a comment you can hit star six to unmute yourself alright well then we'll close the public comment period Sivan any other members of the advisory committee would like to make can respond to any of those points or would like to have any last discussion before we adjourn Sivan yeah it was such a general question and perhaps this was covered in one of the subcommittees that wasn't subcommittees I was on perhaps maybe we'll see some of this in the rulemaking but is there anything that you folks can share with us at this point about any developments regarding financing specifically banks I know that federal federally chartered institutions aren't going to be able to work with any of our licensees but is there any progress with any remote chartered financial institutions that have expressed willingness to bank our licensees so I have not heard we've been having kind of financial roundtables and we incorporated a lot of the recommendations in the asks that those financial institutions in Vermont wanted into our recommendations into our rules around ownership and criminal history records and the kind of things that might kind of trigger a suspicious activity report for instance so I think that the financial institutions will feel comfortable with what is in our application process and maybe that will entice them in. It's my understanding that BSECU will be engaged in a small scale in banking certainly the licensees that they have current relationships with and a little bit beyond that is my understanding but we haven't heard any kind of large scale people jumping in but we do anecdotally from what I hear from other states there are banks that are willing to come to state charter banks willing to come into Vermont and do some banking with us so I think we're still kind of waiting waiting and seeing what that looks like we did require as part of our licensure a depository account or an attempt to make one demonstrate hardship so we are going to encourage people to have a relationship with a financial institution so we'll see how it goes honestly it's an experiment that we're running right now. Anything else from the advisory committee? Well I guess just thank you once again I don't want to be overly effusive but I really you know when we started this process with the advisory committee in September I really did think we had lost a whole year and it seems like we're because of the incredible work and the pace that you've all been working at it seems like we're having a path forward to be back on track which is an incredible feat so thank you all and I will adjourn this meeting