Alright, so easy running. What does that really mean? What does it mean to be running easy? What kind of heart rate should you be aiming for? How should it feel? Why is it good? When should you run easy? When should you run hard? Let's talk about all those topics in today's video. Stay tuned. So even though it sounds kind of counter-intuitive, easy running is actually the foundation of any endurance type training regimen. Top-level athletes at the marathon, the half marathon, even down to 3k, honestly, even all the way down to middle distance runners, easy running accounts for the majority of their time spent training. And that's because in long-distance events, basically anything lasting more than a minute or two relies heavily on the aerobic system. And the aerobic system is best trained based on time rather than intensity. So basically, the more time we spend running, the better it is. And the rule is really that, the more the better. But you need to stay injury-free and you don't want to get over-trained. So there are certainly human limits, but more importantly, there are individual limits depending on your current state of health and fitness at any given time. So except for specific workouts that are done at a harder pace, at a harder intensity, most of your runs should be spent at that easy intensity. But what does that mean though? What is easy intensity? And Mark Walsh asked this question on one of my videos. He says, I've always wondered the definition of a slow run to build aerobic base. I find it impossible to stay within the zone 2 heart rate zone on my garment. And basically, what does it mean to be easy running? And how much time should you do this? Well, I just answered the second question. You should do it as much as possible, basically, up to however much you can tolerate and however much you can allow for in terms of your schedule. What is an easy pace though? Well, we can define it mainly in two ways. We can talk about heart rate or we can talk about pace. So heart rate, well, the best way to do that is to establish your maximum heart rate. So you need to do a maximum heart rate test and I haven't done a video on that yet, but go on Google search for a max heart rate test and you'll figure it out. Basically, when you know your max heart rate, you can then calculate the various percentages of that max heart rate for various training intensities. And when we're talking easy, we're really talking what's known as zone one, zone two. Really, as you get into zone three, that's more of a marathon, a slightly harder effort, zone four as a threshold effort, zone five as an all out sort of interval view to max type effort. So we're really talking when we say easy about zone one and zone two, the definitions of those zones vary a little bit. You can set your own definitions depending on your own body when you start to get to know yourself in training. But generally speaking, zone one would be a very easy intensity, sort of recovery type training. And that might be as low as 60% of your max heart rate up to maybe 70%, 72 even, of your max heart rate. So say your max heart rate is 190. Well, 70% of that is 133 beats per minute. So if you want to stay in zone one, you want to stay in that 120, 125, 130 BPM type of pulse range. And as for a beginner, that might be a walk. Remember, we'll get into that. Now, zone two is a little bit more of your everyday pace. It's not something, you know, if you really need to recover from a hard workout, you'll do that zone one thing. But for most of your runs and for your long runs, etc., you might want to just hang around in zone two. And that's more like maybe 70%. Even you can stretch it as much as up to 80% of your max heart rate. So if we're saying 75%, as the sweet spot say, for example, and your heart rate, max heart rate was 190, then 75% of that is 142 BPM. So maybe you want to stay below 150 or something like that, right? So you have to figure it out for yourself and calculate your own zones. But generally speaking, easy running is done at 60 to 80% of your max heart rate, something like that. That's a very objective way to look at it. And that's really the most important part because when you're training an aerobic system, you're training your metabolic system to a large degree in your heart and your cardiovascular system.  And this is a good thing in a marathon, for example. So you want to stay in that easy intensity to enhance that fat burning. Now, the other way to look at it was pace. And in terms of pace, that varies a lot. It depends on your level. But generally speaking, your easy pace should probably be a minute or even up to two minutes slower than, for example, your lactate threshold pace, right? That's something that I'm just throwing out there. It might not be completely accurate. But generally speaking, there's no lower limit, actually, as long as you're in that heart rate zone, the pace doesn't matter as much. The pace matters if you want to train your muscular system to tolerate the stress of a certain pace. For example, if you want to train for a marathon, you need to be used to marathon pace. And so in that case, your specific pace matters a lot. But when you're training your aerobic system and it's all about that easy running, the pace doesn't really matter as much. Here's an important thing, though. All of this is individual, okay? So a slow pace for you might be a really fast pace for someone less fit. Pace is really relative to the race that you're doing and the time goal that you have for that race. So your race pace is really sort of a point of reference. And then slower than that is slow and faster than that is fast. That depends on your fitness and your goals. So when Elliot Kipchoge goes out for an easy run, he does that at like 315, 330 minutes per kilometer type pace, I believe, which is like ridiculously fast. For me, that's like my mile race pace, maybe even faster than that. I could do that for a mile. But that's his easy pace, okay? That's when his heart rate is relaxed and easy in that zone two, maybe, heart rate zone. So it's all individuals. So I would recommend that you get a heart rate monitor if you're really serious about this. I have a Garmin 400 630, haven't made a review yet, but stay tuned for that. And a heart rate monitor then. So by doing that, you're able to sort of more closely monitor your training intensities. And that's super important if you're serious about your training. Because rather than training like sort of somewhat hard most of the time, you want to train really easy most of the time. And then sometimes really hard. People typically don't train easy enough on their easy days and typically don't train hard enough on their hard days. So in order to sort of do that right and hit the right intensity at the right time, having a heart rate monitor might be a good idea. A couple of things at the end here from Mark Walsh, his question. He says that he struggles, he finds it impossible to stay within the zone two sometimes. And I don't know if I exactly understood the question right, but I know a lot of people include myself in the past, struggled to run easy enough on my easy days because it's just so slow unless you're very fit. Now that I'm getting fitter, I can head out for a fairly relatively speaking to my own previous fitness, fast pace, but it is easy for me now. So when I go out, I can hit zone one quite easily. I know what type of pace I need to do when I'm still running. Whereas in the beginning of my fitness journey, if I wanted to stay in zone one, I had to almost be walking. And so keep that in mind as a beginner, easy running might actually mean walking and you might have to walk on some of your runs. Certainly when you get to hills, it might be a good idea to walk. But if you're disciplined enough, and if you have the heart rate monitor and you know you got to stay below 130, just run as slow as you humanly can and eventually you will be able to get down to the correct heart rate. Run ridiculously slow. I've heard some people say that zone one, how do you know you're in zone one? You're in zone one when you feel embarrassed about how slow you're running. That's when you're in zone one. So you've got to sort of be able to tolerate that, run as slow as possible sometimes to be in zone one. But typically most of your runs should be in zone two and that is a sort of slow but normal running pace. But again, it really depends on your fitness. He also says that he'll go for 10 miler easy and then after a while he speeds up because he feels as if he'd never finish if he doesn't speed up. And that's sort of I know what you mean by that. It's very typical to speed up on the second half of a run and that's normal and actually could be quite a good idea in training. But it really depends on your goal of that particular session whether or not you want to speed up. But a slight speeding up is fine. If you find yourself going with outside of the easy zone though, Marc, and you feel like you'd never finish, I think that has more to do with maybe your schedule. Because I find if I have a lot to do one day and I'm out for a longer run, I might get stressed that like, oh, time, you know, it takes so much time because it does take time. If you want to go run really slow, it takes more time obviously.  But that's why I sort of make a point for myself out of trying my best to have to set aside the amount of time that I actually need for a run, so that I know that, you know what, I have the time I've set aside the time I'm going to go for this run and it's going to be easy. And one of my tricks actually is listening to podcasts.  So I'll just relax, I'll listen to my podcast and I'll just sort of go along really easily. So that might be a trick you might want to try out. All right, guys, that's all for today. Keep it easy, keep most of your running easy, and just accumulate time at that aerobic pace. Over time, you'll get more and more and more time, volume per week, you'll build over the years, steadily increasing if that's what you want, and you'll get better and better and better, even though most of your running is easy. Of course, you need still to have some hardware running in there as well, but that's a topic for another video. Anyway, thanks Mark for your question. If anyone else has a question, you can always post a comment or send me a message even at the LoneTrail Facebook page and I'll add it to my list of potential future video topics. Thanks for watching, bye now.


Hello and welcome to the joint production of Indian Writer's Forum and News Clique. Today we have with us the 65th National Film Award with the award for the anthropological documentary The Slave Genesis. In the Vayanath district, there is a painting of the life of the Paniya Tribune. In the three and a half years of the Paniya Tribune, this documentary is the strength of the Paniya Tribune. When we introduced the Paniya Tribune, the 65th National Film Award Ceremony was held in Boycott. The Paniya Tribune is a very special person for the Paniya Tribune. Welcome to the Indian Writer's Forum and News Clique. First of all, I have a question. Why did you come to the event? Why did you come to the event? Last 64 years, there is a culture that is coming to the country. There is a culture that is coming to the country. There is a culture that is coming to the country. Some of the very critical reasons of these 64 years are only for the National Film Award Ceremony. At the same time, it will be a different person who is not political. We have reached here with the award of the Paniya Tribune for the Paniya Tribune. The Paniya Tribune is for the National Film Award Ceremony. It is not a political office. The National Film Award Ceremony is a place where we have reached with the award because we have a lot of people in every city. But it is part of the decision-making. It is part of the decision-making of the IMP Ministry. It is not a national film award.  It is not a national film award. It is a special award for the IMP Ministry. It is a special award for the IMP Ministry. We have decided to get the award because it is part of the decision-making of the IMP Ministry. These 66 people have many different reasons. A big part of them are given the President's Award and the Cabinet Minister. Others are given the BJP Minister's Award. They are given the BJP Minister's Award and the Cabinet Minister's Award. I was given the BJP Minister's Award because it is part of the decision-making of the IMP Ministry. The BJP Minister is a member who has been working in the Kerala for the last four years. He is the minister who has been working in the Kerala for the last four years. He is the minister who has been working in the Kerala for the last four years. In the last four years, we have been writing this film, or else, after coming with this film, some decisions have been made immediately. The international competitions that have been held by you for so long, the competitions that have been held by the Government, the competitions that have been held by the Government, the competitions that have been held by you for so long, are the momento when you will poorly be allowed to���, or when the proposals of non traditional competitions like BGP or Government can become considered as akell, when we are doing the degrading of the competitions, ज� ongoing % balanced % % % % % % % then, it is a planned thing theubernetes is an exotic of society. Its an expression of caste, its a ritual. As you may know n�Рhhhhhhbst is a part of their life. At any moment called rituals,, available at any other time. Aajaram but instead of being addicted to it in an anthropological view, it is somehow found. That's why I am focusing on the social evolution, and I am doing that by using a social evolution, using it, as a ritual tool. but is a study that people consider of a community going and does a lot of study in various skills of science have come up. This means, I felt it was really only and Anglo-athrapological work ..I just saw that and it was surrounding our on that journey without actually expecting ὤala can reading ɐ �dd Que ɜ ɾ ɐ ɐ ɐ ɐ ɑ ɐ ɑ ɪ ɐ ɐ ɐ ɐ ɑ ɓ ɑ अगत्दिः औस Tina Chu I am not from that community. I am from a community that exploits them. I am from Vayanada Jilla. Before 300-400 years, there was a migration of different communities. I am from upper-class Hindu or Jain. I started as a Muslim-Christian community. I came as a group and migrated to a Muslim community in Kerala. This is a big exploitation of the Muslim community. It is a documentary about the movement that exploits the workers. This documentary is about my childhood recollection. It is about my monologue. It is about the workers in my mind. It is about the workers. It is about the workers in my mind. It is about that image. It is about my memory. It is not about my learning. It is about the work of the community. It is about the migration of the people. It is about the migration of the people. It is about the work of the community. It is about the migration of the people. It is a documentary about the workers. It is about the workers. It is about the workers. It is about the workers.省 sie is not the way of any discussion the way an outsider is QC is going during the docum run Because I am not an insider Please guide me Thank you You can also contribute to future là inconvenient Atleast it is an honor Thank you for watching the interview


Outside of the actual future tenses, we can talk about things in the future, but use present tenses. Two of them are, present simple and present continuous. We use the present simple typically to talk about time tables and schedules. I'll say a statement such as, the train leaves at 6pm. We could also use present continuous when talking about future arrangements. I've arranged something in the future, so I could say something like, we're playing football on Saturday. It's been arranged.


Alright, remember, dragon rush. We'll see if it works. How's it going everybody? Dato Doy here with another round of online rank matches for Dragon Ball Fighters. This time we're going back to a classic team, Android 17, Super Saiyan Goku and Yopcha. And we're on Nemek as well. I really like this stage.  Alright. Wow, the two elves didn't get us there in time. Good stuff by this guy though. That was interesting. I wonder if he meant to double overhead. Trunks players these days, bro. I'm down-tecking. I've been down-tecking for years. I'm having a heavily down-tecked. Uh, I maybe could have punished that instead. I'm gonna switch out back to Trunks. Alright, next time, next time Dragon Rush, remember that, because he reflected that time, so we're just gonna assume that something he does. I really thought we were gonna, alright, remember, dragon rush. We'll see if it works. Maybe it's only on the corner, because he definitely just, he definitely was clicking buttons there. There was, there was no, okay, in the corner, maybe it's in the corner with Trunks. Maybe that's the magic formula. I think he actually did click buttons though. I really don't know. I'm gonna stop messing with that. Okay, block all that. Block that as well. Didn't block that. I'm a guard cancel. We're gonna, oh, that was a really late super dash to catch that one. Level three! May I go for the hard knocks already? It's okay. We got the hard knock life scholarship. We can, now he's going for the real hard knock. Jesus. This is sparking worthy. At this point, you gotta spark. I'm gonna regret that, aren't I? I'm a really, I'm a really come to regret that one. Boom, let me talk to you. Okay, thank goodness. Definitely a scramble situation.  Does this kill? Planned, dude. Let's go. Okay, we got a lot of come back, coming back to do, though. If we can get Trunks without losing a character, I'll consider that a massive step. Hard cancel. Thank you, dude. Oh, I should just down heavy those. I don't know why I always try to block them. I don't know why. Okay, I'm glad that hit me, actually. All right, stop, bro. Stop. I've been mashing vanish. Really? I did not think that was spaced enough to warrant that, or for that to work. I mean, coming up, I am definitely dead here. Yep. All right, we're in a real bad way. I probably should have just kept Goku in the back for the assist and saved him as a sparking recipient, because now it doesn't matter if we spark. These characters are both honors. Oh, that I did not know how that was gonna go. I froze up, dude. I was not speaking. I guess get sliding the best bet. Oh, dude. Oh, we're in a bad way. Level three sparking is gonna last a very, very, very long time. He might go ahead and start off with a random Super Dash. No, a random, okay. Oh, get as much corner carry as possible. Hit this man. Okay, good. Hit this man. Let's catch this work. Let's catch this wake-up game. Y'all mind if I sweep the leg? Come on.  Come on. Unfortunate. Unfortunate alert. Real unfortunate. That better not kill me. I'm gonna be upset. I'm gonna be upset. All right. We're living, but we have to play defense. Did I jump? Oh, I jumped, didn't I? I jumped. Tell me the truth. I feel I have to want to go back and look at the inputs to see if I jump.  I gotta get more elegant on the transition from blocking low to standing. I'm stand blocking. He's not jumping. Catch him. Nicely done. All right, let's do a better job of setting the pace ourselves this game. All right, that's good enough to me. All right, and no more staggering. Okay, get Trunks out. Let me talk to Trunks. Let me speak to him. Thank goodness he didn't see the beam assist because we definitely messed that up at the very last second as well. Okay, I'll take it. DP. And he gets a combo off that. Well, he could have. Plank this man. Boom, two, three, and we'll keep the yamcha assist. Maybe the beam assist would have been better for the round start, but we're just mostly here to let 17 heal up. Wow, that was fast. My boy landed and instantly went for the knees. Two crouching lights. Send me home with an ice pack. My boy said you got two kneecaps. Let me break them both. Break them both. You'll never crouch again. Okay, I should have just super dashed right away. Got him again. Too much. Get him sliding again. One more. Just keep him down is the main goal. He teleported so fast. Does that hit? Okay, it does. I was about to say that looks a little high. Oh, so we're down on our luck. If we die, we just get reset to neutral anyway. Clean up on aisle five because we got him. One to one. And that was a much better performance. It really comes down to how well we don't let him reflect this, of course, and how well we can keep the pressure on in the corner. So great game, great round. Do we get the run back? We do. All right, going into game three. All right, well, we have to make some unfortunate sacrifices. Seventeen can no longer be the lead. I should just start reflecting. What kind of super dash was that Goku? I did not mean to do that. Oh, we're panicking. At this point, we're panicking pretty hard. Sit down. Let me talk to you. Boom. Bam. Get out of the skies.  I, okay, well, I deserve that one. Hop up. Follow him. Darn it, dude. Darn it. I was so excited to get trunks back out that I really lost the plot. Three, four bars. This won't kill us, I don't think.  And it's definitely worth sparking. All right, so we're sparking. I've made a decision up in my mind. Maybe he knows we're going to spark. Get him down. Let me talk to you. Questionable choices being made. Okay, we have to do it in this order anyway. There you go. Please kill Seventeen. Finish the job. Way to go, boy. All right. Now, can we bring it home? I think, you know what? I might just get, wow, who needs the meter, bro? The meter is so old. All right. I deserve that one. Got him. Wow. Vanish is powerful. Vanish does some good damage. I don't know why he always starts with medium kicks here. Panicking. Oh, Seventeen was actually too small right there. Got him, dude. We played that really well. Just kind of waiting out the sparking. We didn't want to risk anything. Just playing our basic defense. And it really paid off for us there. Big time. So we're up to one now, I believe.  Hey, let's go. We got a rematch. I thought I was really worried there for a second. Lock it. 6M. That's fine. That's fine. Out of all the times they get hit with a 6M there. Dad, reflect hours. Oh, no. No, no, no, no, no. That really isn't necessary, sir. We're getting shrunks. That Gojira assist was way too slow. Even if he did flip backwards, the Gojira assist just was way too slow. Got him. All right. Now put the pressure on. Don't let him get away with that. Got him. Come up, Goku. Come up, Goku. And he just auto-ed me. He just Bardocked me. Bardocked but with shrunks. Both trying to change the future for the better.  This is so much damage. Guard cancel. Just get me out of that situation. Ooh. Paging Mr. Trunks. Can I see you out in the limelight? Yep. He reflected again, boys. Remember, that's foreshadowing for you. We don't, I wanted 17 out, but this will kill. So we're just going to have to deal with shrunks a little while longer. Now, immediately we want to use Beam Assist here because he's going to as well. All right, so his Beam Assist is gone. Mine is as well. But we have three personnel on board. We should just snap. Just get the Beam Assist out of the way. Come here. Nice. I always go for a cheeky reset there. Turns out people are actually paying attention to their TVs. I always go for it like I'm about to do something. Yeah, it was a pretty poor choice on my part. Boom down. Wow, that is unfortunate. I love 17 as a character so much. Really, we should have taken the Goku out. Man grab. I'm a block. He's got a TOD, but not really a TOD, but we're pretty low. That's not even going to kill from here, right?  I just never remember, dude. I up tech and then I just, I'm not paying attention to my TV.  I got to repaint that. Wow. And I'm sure you guys are realizing what I'm trying to do as well. You guys are fine people. You understand what I'm going for. That counts. That definitely counts. Like, come on, dude. At least he used, he's going to use all five bars. I mean, we should be able to heal all of them. Kind of stopped there. This better not be killing my time.  I'm upset. I'm upset. I'm upset. I'm upset. I'm literally upset. We got to get one auto combo off. Just one. Just the one. Just the one. Would it be so bad if I got just the one? Boom. Wait, you might not live. Oh, no. Come on. How could life be so cruel, dude? You can't tell me that's for real. You can't tell me that's for real. I give up on the dragon. I reject my humanity. We're living. No. What are you doing? Sit down, boy. Let me go. Why did I do the things I did? Scramble situations just melt my brain. Two to two and I'm upset about it. Two to it. Let me make it extremely clear that I'm upset about it. I don't even want to think about it too hard. Oh, no. Okay. I thought about it. I thought about it and I'm upset. Emesis right away. You'll probably notice at some point that my beam assist ain't coming out. It worked out. It worked out in the end, but yeah, I was clicking beam assist the whole time. Oh, the low. He's really just pressing the offense and that's something we're not adjusting too well. Also, not something that we're like when we get the advantage there. That's not something we're doing extremely well. There we go. One, two, three, four. Okay. One, two. Boom. Okay. Let me let me think. Let me think. Yep. I'm upset about that. Woohoo. I'm fine with that, dude. I am completely fine with this. What a tradeoff. Beam assist, beam assist, beam assist. Beat him there. Beat him there. Beat him there. Overhead. I don't think I've ever blocked the full Gojira auto combo if I'm being completely honest. Okay, raw. We just do it raw then. I'm actually going to go with the yamcha level three because last time he got hit by it, if he gets hit by it, that's a lot of damage for us. And then we can probably condition him to get hit by it again. All right, so he didn't get hit by it. He blocked. He blocked. Well, he like, I've never blocked it. I've never blocked. I'm convinced if you block the second hit, the auto combo must like just be good to go. I can't believe that hit as well. All right. Whoa. I forgot you could do that. Get this man yamcha. No surrender. Sliding. What? I can't believe you connected that. No raw town heavy didn't work. For good reason. I don't know why I expected it to work. All right. Well, I'm going to classify that one as a robbery. I really wanted that to work. The extension here really worked out great. That was insanely, the bar had to be so precise. The bar had to be just the right way. It didn't matter, but I am proud of myself.  We worked hard for that. You can take pride in our victories. I was behind the man. I was literally, I was in a different continent enjoying a breakfast. Do I keep going low? Yeah, I should have gone low again. You can never tell. Down tech and I'm hoping we escaped by some miracle. Snap city. He just super dashes. No, please. No, no, no. God. I'm getting snapped again. Oh, no. Got him. All right. Let's go. Let's go. Let. Oh, dude. I need this. I need this win so bad. I'm so disappointed myself, but also why? I don't even remember what he did that really caught me off guard, but that just, it found me. Okay. Not, not finding me anymore. Let's go, baby. Let's go. That finally a reset goes my way. Three, two, I'll take it. It's definitely better than the alternative. Well, hopefully you guys enjoyed this one. If you did, make sure to go down below, leave a like and subscribe to the channel if you're new around here. Or if you just watched a lot of the videos and decided, yeah, I kind of want to, I like seeing these. If you want to watch even more videos right away, there should be some up on your screen, so make sure you give those a look. If any of you those catch your eye, I have been Dr. Doe though. Thank you guys so much for hanging out with me today, and I will see you in the next one.


Teaching sufficient exemplars, which is an idea to promote generalization. So you're going to have a stimulus class, if you will, say, bugs. And then you're going to teach a whole bunch of exemplars through it. Because the idea is that if you learn what ants, bees, and beetles are, you can then respond accordingly with any other type of insect-looking thing as a buck.


Since we were talking about the components of informed consent, there are some additional element of informed consent which may be required by certain statutory bodies. For instance, depending upon the nature of the research and the risk involved, institutional review boards may evoke additional regulatory requirements and they could be, for instance, a statement that any significant new findings that might relate to participants' willingness to take part in the study will be provided to them. For example, the question is, what will be the effectiveness of the study? By participating in the study, what will be the benefit of the participant personally? What can be the possible gains in the research that he or she can participate in? So, the choice of the institutional review board is that it can be added to inform consent to ask this question. Then, a description of a cost that a participant might incur, for example, transportation to support group or child care cost. Now, if we are doing any research in which we have involved a special population and, let's say, we have brought some children from a special education center, we have to make a part of some activity, then there is some cost involved. So, whether a participant is bearing a cost or their institution is bearing a cost and if he is doing it, then he or she should be spelled out in the form of informed consent. A statement that may be foreseeable risk, for example, the research involving medical treatment and procedures, primarily for biomedical researchers. This is not necessary true for social sciences researcher, but for biomedical researcher, there are certain situations in which biomedical treatment can be applied and the description of that can be given in the form of consent is very important. A description of consequences of participant's decision to withdraw from the study. Let's say, if he withdraws and we are giving him a compensation, then either that compensation is going to be effected. If we are telling him a very highlighted significance of that study, then maybe the significance of that research would be at risk, at cost because one of the important potential participants is withdrawing from the research. So, some researches are such that the sample is very limited, very secure, it is available in a very small size and one of those participants can go there and cause a lot of trouble for you. So, that is very important to see that if there is a sensitive participant and he is withdrawing, then this counseling, this guidance, this information should be given to him that he will incur losses for withdrawal research. If an institution uses a participant's pool of students, the participants will need to know under what circumstances they will receive partial payment and in case of withdrawal form study. Sometimes, some funded projects are like this where some specialized population is being taken and some compensated amount is given to them. So, in those kinds of researches where any kind of compensation would be assured to be given to the participants, it is very important to tell them about the loss in withdrawal in advance in their form consent. Then, exceptions to informed consent, which we will talk about, the participants is incapacitated, life-threatening emergency with inadequate time to obtain consent, it is very important, voluntary waived consent, it is also very important. Now, where do we see these situations? Let's say that you see that when we talk in a social network, then there could be different kind of conditions where we are doing research. You see that the question of food preferences is asked by people in a normal scenario where people are available to eat and drink in routine and there is no issue that they can tell you about the extreme condition of hunger in any of the questions. But if you are doing the same question in a war fair, maybe you are doing it in an area where people are very badly infected from the war zone and there are many injuries. To ask this question, its intensity, its nature and its background will be different. If you ask this question in Somalia, then its perspective will be very different and at times it will be difficult. So we have to see that in certain situations, maybe for certain questionnaires, there is no need to take informed consent or we can exempt them there. Then children and informed consent. So at times when we are talking about under 17, they cannot provide you informed consent on their own. So we are talking about informed consent not informed permission because parents must permit any kind of participation, any kind of treatment intervention that are going to be used in research. So when we take any information on the behalf of the parents, we take consent from the children that is only called informed permission. So these are the various ways in which we can go through that process very easily and smoothly and can decide that in certain situations what exemptions we can provide and either we are going to take informed consent to the elders and in what situations the children are involved in, they are going to give informed permission.


Chapter 8 Letters to an Old Garibaldian Chapter 3 My dear, the Prussianized German of whatever blend of races he may be has one quality which may perhaps be racially simple, but which is at any rate very plain. Chamberlain, the German philosopher or historian, I know not which to call him or how to call him either, somewhere that pure bred races possess fidelity. He instances the negro and the dog, and I suppose the German. Anyhow it is true that there is a recognizable and real thing which might be called fidelity or perhaps monotony which exists in Germans in about the same style as in dogs and in blacks. The northern tutan really has in this respect the simplicities of the savage and the lower animals, that he has no reactions. He does not laugh at himself, he does not want to kick himself, he does not like most of us repent or occasionally even repent of repenting. He does not read his own works and find them much worse or much better than he had expected. He does not feel a faint irrational sense of debauch after even divine pleasures of this life. Watch him at a German restaurant and you will satisfy yourself that he does not. In short, both in the most scientific and in the most casual sense of the word, he does not know what it is to have a temper. He does not bend and fly back like steel. He sticks out like wood. In this he differs from any nation I have known from your nation and mine, from the French, the Spaniards, the Scotch, the Welch, and the Irish. Bad luck never braces him as it does us. Good luck never frightens him as it does us. It can be seen in what the French call chauvinism and we call jingoism. For us it is a fireworks, for him it is daylight. On maficking night, celebrating a small but picturesque success against the boars, nearly everybody in London came out waving little flags. Nearly everybody in London is now hardly ashamed of it. But it would never occur to the Prussians not to ride their high horses with the freshest insolence for the fire-off victory of Sedan. Though on that very anniversary the star of their fate had turned scornful in the sky, and von Kluck was in retreat from Paris. Above all, the Prussian does not feel annoyed, as I do when foreigners praise his country, for all the wrong reasons. The Prussian will allow you to praise him for any reasons, for any length of time, for any eternity of folly. He is there to be praised. Probably he is proud of this. Probably he thinks he has a good digestion because the poison of praise does not make him sick. He thinks the absence of such doubt or self-knowledge makes for composure, grandeur, a colossal calm, a superior race. In short, the whole claim of the two-tons to be the highest spiritual product of nature and evolution. But as I have noticed a calm unity even more complete, not only in dogs and blacks, but in slugs, slow worms, mango-wizzles, moss, mud, and bits of stone. I am a skeptic about this test for the marshalling and rank of all the children of God. Now I point this out to you here for a very practical reason. The Prussian will never understand revolutions, which are generally reactions. He regards them not only with dislike, but with a mysterious kind of pity. Throughout his confused popular histories there runs a strange suggestion that civic populations have failed hitherto and failed because they were always fighting. The population of Berlin does not fight, or can't, and therefore Berlin will succeed where Greece and Rome have failed. Hitherto it is plain enough that Berlin has succeeded except in bad copies of Greece and Rome, and Prussians would be wiser to discuss the details of the Greek and Roman past, which we can follow, rather than the details of their own future, about which we are naturally not so well informed. Well, every dome they build, every pillar they put upright, every pedestal for epitaph, or panel for decoration, every type of church, Catholic or Protestant, every kind of street, large or small, they have copied from the Old Pagan or Catholic cities, and those cities when they made those things were boiling with revolutions. I remember a German professor saying to me, I should have no scruple about extinguishing such republics as Brazil, Venezuela, Bolivia, Nicaragua. They are perpetually rioting for one thing or another. I said I suppose he would have had no scruple in extinguishing Athens, Rome, Florence, and Paris, for they were always rioting for one thing or another. His reply indicated, I thought, that he felt about Caesar or Rienzi very much as the Scotch Presbyterian minister felt about Christ when he was reminded of the corn plucking on the Sabbath and said, we lied in a thing the better of him. In other words, he was quite positive, like all his countrymen, that he could impose a sort of Pax Germanica, which would satisfy all the needs of order and of freedom forever, leaving no need for revolutions or reactions. I am myself of a different opinion. When I was a child, when the toy trade of Germany had begun to flood this country, there was a priggish British couplet engraven on the minds of governesses which ran, what the German children did like to make, the English children did like to break. I can answer for the delight of the English children, a just and godlike delight. I am not so sure about the delight of the German children when they were caught in the infernal wheels of the modern civilization of factories. But for the present I am only concerned to say that I do not accept this line of historical division. I do not think history supports the view that those who could break things could not make them. This is the least intrusive approach, by which I can touch on a topic that must of necessity be a delicate one, yet which may well be a difficulty among Latins like yourself. Against this preposterous Prussian upstart, we have not only to protect our unity, we have even to protect our quarrels. And the deepest of their reactions or revolts of which I have spoken is the quarrel, which very tragically, as I think, has for some hundred years cloven the Christian from the liberal ideal. It would ill become me in whose country there is neither such clear doctrine nor such combative democracy, to suppose it can be easy for any of you to close up such sacred wounds. There must still be Catholics who feel they can never forgive a Jacobin. There must still be old Republicans who feel that they could never endure a priest. And yet there is something, the mere sight of which should lock them both in an instant alliance. They have only to look northward and hold the third thing which thinks itself superior to either. The enormous turnip face of C. type law, as the French say, who conceives that he can make them both like himself and yet remain superior to both. I implore you to keep out of the hands of this fool, the quarrel of the great saints and of the great blasphemers. He will do to religion what he will do to art. Mix up all the colors on your palette into the color of mud, and then say that only the purified eyes of two tons can see that it is pure white. The other day the director of museums in Berlin was said to be setting about the creation of a new kind of art, German art. Philosophers and men of science were at the same time directed to meet round the table and found the new religion, German religion. How can such people appreciate art? How can they appreciate religion? Nay, how can they appreciate irreligion? How does one invent a message? How does one create a creator? Is it not the plain meaning of the gospel, that it is good news? And is it not the plain meaning of good news, that it must come from outside oneself? Otherwise, I could make myself happy this moment by inventing an enormous victory in Flanders. And I suppose, now I come to think of it, that the Germans do. By the fullness of your faith and even the fullness of your despair, you that remember Rome have earned a right to prevent all our quarrels being quenched in such cold water from the north. But it is not too much to say that neither religion at its worst nor republicanism at its worst ever offered the course insult to all mankind that is offered by this new and nakedly universal monarchy. There has always been something common to civilized men, whether they called it being merely a citizen or merely a sinner. There has always been something which your ancestors called veracundia, which is at once humility and dignity. Whenever our faults we do not do exactly as the Prussians do. We do not bellow day and night to draw attention to our own stern silence. We do not praise ourselves solely because nobody else will praise us. I for once say at the end of these letters, as I said at the beginning, that in these international matters I have often differed from my countrymen. I have often differed from myself. I shall not claim the completeness of this silly creature we discuss. I shall not answer his boasts with boasts, but with blows. My front door is beaten in and broken down suddenly. I see nothing outside except the sort of smiling, straw-haired commercial traveller with a notebook open who says, Excuse me, I am a faultless being. I have persuaded Poland. I can count on my respectful allies and Alsace. I am simply loved in Lorraine. Quareggio in Terrace. What place is there on earth where the name of Prussia is not the signal for hopeful prayers and joyful dances? I am that German who has civilized Belgium and delicately trimmed the frontiers of Denmark, and I may tell you with the fullness of conviction that I have never failed and shall never fail in anything. Permit me therefore to bless your house by the passage of my beautiful boots that I may burgle the house next door, and then something European that is prouderer than pride will rise up in me, and I shall answer. I am that Englishman who has tortured Ireland, who has been tortured by South Africa, who knows all his mistakes, who is heavy with all his sins, and he tells you faultless being, with the truth as deep as his own guilt, and as deathless as his own remembrance, that you shall not pass this way. The end of the appetite of tyranny.


Hello, this is Zainab and this is pretty much the place where I have attempted the entire TEFL course. Yeah, that's my room. This is my favorite spot in the room. I'll show you. Okay, let me, why? Because it contains some of my most favorite books and I'm a reader and I love to write. So yeah, the course, I highly appreciated the course because one of the biggest reason was that because that it was precise. The content was precise. It was up to date and amidst all the information explosion out there, usually we find as teachers, you know, there's so many things out there that it is hard for us to sift through and get the right kind of knowledge and, you know, the right kind of stuff. So it's just that that's exactly what I got through. Yeah, so that was a power failure and that's usual in Pakistan. So I had to pause the video. Anyway, as I was saying, so that was the precision, that was the clarity, a focused reading, focused teacher training material was there, which really helped me go deep in the subject, especially in the grammar part. There were so many things that I was confused about, even though I had gone through so many books and so many websites also. But the clarity of explanation that was there in ITT course, it was exemplary. I really appreciate ITT for doing that to the teachers, for the teachers. Thanks.