Hello and welcome to the show. It's me, John Park, and it's time for John Park's workshop. Here we are. We are ready to go. I've got some cool stuff I wanna show you today, some stuff we can work on. We'll take a look at last week's project a little, kind of finish that up, wrap that up, put a bow on it, and do a little demo of some fun synth midi action on a Game Boy. You may have seen a little preview of that last night if you tuned in for our show and tell. But I've got some extra special fun surprises up my sleeve in regards to that. Hello to everyone over in our YouTube chat and our Discord chat. If you wanna join in those chats, particularly if you are watching on Twitch or another place where we're not monitoring the chat, then head on over to the Adafruit Discord, which you can get to by going to adafruit.it slash discord. I think there's some other address. Is it discord.bb slash adafruit, something like that. I heard Noah and Pedro mention that. Let's see. Oh, hey, thanks, Mike P, cool shirt. Top pot yet. When I worked at Disney Feature Animation, this was a shirt we got. And this one's kind of fun historically because it showed what productions were happening at the time. This was Chicken Little. This was Meet the Robinsons. I was working on that at the time. This was called American Dog, which later became Bolt. That's Rapunzel. And that right there was gonna be Toy Story 3, done by Disney down here. There was a sequel studio that was being opened down here in Southern California before Disney had purchased Pixar. Disney used to just distribute for Pixar, but didn't own Pixar. And so they were going ahead and making a Toy Story 3 without them. Somewhat thankfully, that isn't what happened in the rest of this history. And actually the reason that I think subconsciously, the reason I wore this shirt today is that I was just talking with Katnien and Noah and Pedro about the Toy Story Zoetrope that they have on display at the Academy Museum here in LA. The Academy of Motion Pictures has a museum that's fantastic. If you're ever in LA, I recommend it. And the Toy Story Zoetrope used to be at Disney California Adventure in the animation exhibit, sort of fake animation building there. They moved it, but it's great. If you've never seen it, it was inspired by the Totoro one or the Ghibli one at the Studio Ghibli Museum. Anyway, I digress. I'm also hot, so I'm gonna take off my sweatshirt here and let's get rolling. So first thing I will mention is our Help Wanted board. If you want to post your resume and have it be seen by Adafruit types of companies and people in this community, then I recommend you head on over to thejobs.adafruit.com site. And if you click on the available for hire, you just need to be logged in with your Adafruit login. Otherwise this page doesn't show up. But if you're logged in, this will show up. It doesn't cost anything to look at the available postings and people show their skills here, as well as where they are. And you can click on those to find out more, see resumes and CVs and things like that. But if you're looking for people to do, we've got some 3D and CAD people, electrical engineers, people who do both, embedded development, web development, all kinds of people posting their services there and it's free to post, it's free to go and browse. So go check out jobs.adafruit.com. If you are in the market for a person to do stuff, you can't, you can't buy people there, but you can hire them, hire them to do stuff. Right? I also have a show on Tuesdays that you may have seen. I know some of you tune in. It's this right here, JP's product pick of the week. And every week I show a product, either a new product or something from our vault or our archives and show you how to use whatever it is. This one was a new one, a really cool one, one that we're actually gonna talk about a little more today. In fact, this is a bit of a preview of something we'll be working on today that was the KB2040 keyboard. And the show is about 15 minutes. You can get a humongous discount. It was 50% off during the show. You can watch the show inside the product page. And I also like to do this little one minute recap, which is this right here. It's the KB2040 keyboard. This is the board you've been looking for if you've been wanting to do custom keyboard kits. This is the Gherkin, just the smallest of the smallest usable keyboards. I realized last night, and then Lady Aida texted me the exact same idea, which is this is now the world's ultimate wordal keyboard. If you know the game wordal, all we need is alphabetical. So I won't type any answers in here because I don't want to ruin this is today's game. But I'll show you that this is just a working keyboard. I can even try to press enter and it'll say that's not in the word list because that's not a word. And I'll delete here, pull this little bottom plate. This one's made all of PCB for four materials. So we have a key plate on top to hold the keys steady. You have the PCB itself. And then we have our KB2040. There it is. It's the KB2040 keyboard. Yes, the keyboard. And you can of course use it also for any kind of pro micro sized thing. If you have a project that used the footprint of a pro micro Arduino, which originally by the way was a SparkFun creation. I think it was, I wanna say the pro mini was an Arduino one. The pro micro was a form factor developed by SparkFun. Became super popular for keyboard builds, among other things. And now we have a board that's been compatible with it. We have the itsy bitsy, which is I think the same size, roughly, maybe exactly, but is not the same pin out as a pro micro. So you had to do some bodging and things or make a little carrier plate or something. But now with the KB2040, just use that instead. What does that get you? It gets the RP2040 chip.  And probably micro Python maybe a few other things, I don't know. All right, well, let's see. I think this is a good time to dive into our circuit Python Parsec. I'm really excited about this one, both the content and the demo. So I don't wanna sort of over hype it, but it's gonna be good. Yes, circuit Python. Okay, here we go. For the circuit Python Parsec today, I wanted to show how you can use user input from the USB serial REPL to control code on your microcontrollers. So right here, I have a Feather RP2040 and I've attached to it or kind of held close to it a little Macintosh, sort of classic Macintosh key cap that my daughter gave me for Christmas. So that's a key cap and has a little light pipe running through it. So we're gonna see LED lights showing up. Now for the actual code part of this, you can see in my REPL, it's given me a list of colors and then it says type a color name from the above list. So I will go ahead and type in how about pink and you can see I've just changed the color of the NeoPixel on the microcontroller. I'm just piping it through this cute little key cap here and I can type in other names in here. I can type off, I can set it to white. I can even type something that it doesn't understand and it's gonna say, hey, I don't know that one. It's not from the list, so give me something from the list. So how does this work? Well, the key component here, if you look in my code, I've got some libraries I'm importing, I'm setting up NeoPixel, I've created a little dictionary of color names and color values and then when we're running this, we're gonna print out the little instruction to help people to type in something and then this is the key element. User input equals input and that's it, input in parentheses. So the next thing that happens is it waits for you to type something in. It just sits there and watches the REPL, waits for you to type something. Then it proceeds. In this case, it echoes back the color you picked and then it sets the color of that NeoPixel or doesn't if you've picked something invalid. And so that is how you can use user input from the serial REPL over USB inside of CircuitPython. And that is your CircuitPython Parsec. Yes, over in our Discord chat, Todd Bot said that the lit up Mac key cap is adorable, it is too adorable. I'll take it off of here, you can see I just have it. One second. I just have it resting on top of the status NeoPixel that's sitting on top of the feather there. So that's all that was changing. But look at that, it's even got, you're not ready for this. No one's ready for this. Are you ready for this? We're not ready for this. It's got to matter. No one's ready for this. Are you ready for this? We're not ready for this. It's got a magnetic front and it came with some little different screen messages you could put on there. This one that's like a little happy Mac. I forget what the other ones are, but too cute. It's meant to go on an escape key that has underlit. So there you go. That's so cute, I can't stand it. All right, so let's see. Paul Cutler says, I want to use in the REPL for user input. Yeah, it's kind of cool. I think it would also be maybe confusing, but maybe just kind of awesome to use one of the microcontrollers that has a board built onto it, like a pie portal, let's say, because without doing much setup, you can have the REPL show up there. And so even though you're sort of cheating and using a computer and USB to do it, you could have what looks like a little display that you're typing into right on the microcontroller, which is so great. HotBots is going to get 101 of them. This actually came with a printer as well.  I think I showed this before or I posted a photo of it. I don't know where she got it, but it was a Christmas present and I'm so pleased about it. Jim says I should add a mini TFT to the Mac, to the key cap, that would rock. All right, so we've got a couple cool things here. So much stuff, in fact. So last week we were building the joystick and arcade button controller. This is my latest iteration of the case. I wanted to refine the design after last week. Someone, and I forget who someone in the comments mentioned that it really should have had some more finger joints, especially on these long panels. And I absolutely did. So I added these side ones on the long and short ends. So now there's just more of this that grips into the top. I still have my sort of double layer design there. This is a sort of quick eat prototype that I did in medium density fiberboard, which is pretty good. It cuts fast. I also like doing cardboard, but I didn't have any, but this cuts pretty fast and is inexpensive about probably $4 for this entire construction of this material, because I got, I think, what two foot by two foot sheets of it at the hardware store and then cut them on the table saw. So this design has just a few other refinements to it, but otherwise I'm happy with it. I haven't yet cut it out of acrylic, but these are the same thickness. These are three millimeter or roughly eighth of an inch. So I am publishing that design with the guide that I'm writing and end of last week's show got it all put together and then it wouldn't run. And this is because I forgot to solder one pin, one key pin. It was I think the SDA pin, the serial or the data pin of I squared C. It had never been soldered in all the time. I'd been prototyping this on the bottom of the feather tripler. It was just coincidentally touching most of the time, but after moving around enough, it lost that connection. So it wouldn't restart the I squared C bus properly. So I got that fixed. And then I went to town on the software and my collaborator Todd Kurt had written a an arpeggio library called ARPY. So I was able to incorporate that. And I was able to add both MIDI over USB, MIDI over classic DIN5 MIDI, as well as the onboard audio library synthesis. So I wanted to show some stuff related to that. The nice thing about the arpeggiator library ARPY is that it has some helper functions that allow you to have MIDI values for notes in your code, which are nice and neat. They start at zero, they end at 127. And it has a little helper function that converts those to the frequencies of actual waveforms in Hertz. So I'll show some of that code. I think it's kind of interesting to look at. One other thing I added was a thing that's sometimes called MIDI panic. And that's really useful when you have a lot of MIDI gear connected. Sometimes a MIDI note on will get sent and then the MIDI note off will not or won't get received. And then you have a held note on a synthesizer. So MIDI panic usually just sends the off signal for zero through 127. So I added that, I'll show you how that works. But first let's do a bit of a demo. So what I've got going on here, I'll show this while I talk about it actually. This is, and I'm gonna turn off this fan so we don't move the camera around. All right, so this is, you can see the arcade synth controller with the joystick and all the lighted LED arcade buttons. It's connected via a little MIDI hub to that Game Boy there. And the reason that's possible is that Game Boy has a special cartridge that Scott Shawcroft created. He created the hardware design and made a few of the actual boards, gave me one, it runs Circuit Python. And it can talk directly to the sound subsystems of the original Game Boy. So it uses the, it sort of pokes the addresses of asking for square waves and pulses and noise, changing things like glides and portamentos and sweeps and stuff. So those are all the sort of sounds that you're so used to from the Game Boy games. So we can talk to those over MIDI. And since some of those require MIDI CC values, which are usually knobs, I've got that little fader box there called a 16N. And that is also sending some MIDI through that little hub off to the side so that I can change parameters. So let's do a demo. Let me pop up a top view there and this is, I'm gonna power cycle this actually. Oh, and I'm also gonna try to open up my Discord on this iPad so I can watch the chat. It's gonna require a login. Let's see if I can do that real quick. No, it's not, all right. Sorry about that, but we'll use that later for something. So this cartridge is now waiting to receive MIDI notes. It is, I have an output running to a little amplifier over here, but otherwise it's the straight audio signal coming out of the Game Boy. So this is gonna send note information and I can pick the root note, but it's gonna send an arpeggio. And let's see, it's to happen. Okay, and what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna power cycle other things as well. All right, so that's sort of a standard square wave on this. Let me pause it and try to change some of those settings. I'm gonna slow this down a little bit. So now you can see it's doing this sort of sweep thing. That's all happening on the Game Boy via MIDI. MIDI told it to do that for the octaves on these. I'm sending some signals that are out of a range of what it wants to do, I think. So, okay, so let's get on this one that's kind of stable and you can actually hear the notes. So now I can change the arpeggio pattern. This is kind of this major triad. Now it's a minor. Now this pattern, we can speed it up. Can also expand the range that it plays within that arpeggio, even more expansion. So it plays that in three octaves. Go back to the original. And this is just changing the root notes again. Can also adjust the octaves with the joystick. And we got other patterns. And this is a good one just to leave while I just try to get some different sounds here. I'll slow it down, I'm gonna pause it. Oh, I've angered it. The Game Boy's confused, so we'll power cycle it. And that might've just been it got that, actually my MIDI panic may be causing a problem because it sends those very rapidly. And I'm not sure if this can handle the note messages coming that fast. I hadn't tested that on here before. There we go. Hey, that's fun. All right, we'll turn it off there. So, let's see. Let me check and see if there's any questions on that. And then we can take a look at some of those code things that were happening. Oh, sorry, Dexter asked if I could boost the Game Boy's sound a bit. Sure, let's boost that a little bit and just get that cooking again for a second. And then we'll dive into the code, turn that on. Yeah, sorry, I'm just picking it up on my lav mic here and not piping it directly in. All right, so this will be a lot louder. So I got a little sweeps in there. So that's hopefully a little louder and you can hear what was going on there. I'll turn this one off now. So one thing I'm gonna do is actually take the cartridge out and bring it over to the workbench to show this because I've talked about it before in the show, but I don't think I've ever shown it up close. I don't think I'll dig it apart because I've only got one. So I wanna be gentle with it. But let's jump to this little down cam here. So you can see Scott dug a Daffy Duck cartridge out of the thrift store and pulled out the existing circuit and put in his circuit Python microcontroller custom build in there. And what I'll do is plug it into my computer over USB and I think on this one, I do have to press reset for it to be recognized, let me grab something to press that with. Probably the end of the screwdriver will work. Okay, so if we go back to there and I'm gonna close this up and open the circuit Python drive. So this game cartridge shows up as a circuit Python drive here and I've got the code.py, which is what it's running. And you can see here, there's some MIDI setup.  This is running circuit Python five, I think. So this is a little bit older. It's a couple of years ago that Scott made this. And then we're setting up, oh, I didn't realize this but we're reading on channels zero, one, two and three. And now if I remember, we might have been doing different voices inside of because there's four voices. We might have been controlling those when Scott and I demoed this with four different MIDI out channels. The elements that I was changing there with the CC sliders that were obviously really touchy were these sweep time, sweep direction, sweep shift and set sweep. So those were coming in over, let's see, MIDI channels. Here we go. So I set those to be MIDI channels 32, 33, 34 and 35, which happened to be the first four rows of that 16N fader box. So those were what we're sending the different messages to change those, say pulse change, sweep time, sweep direction, sweep shift. And I'd love to explore that more. It might actually be useful to try using, there's a MIDI command line MIDI messaging program written in Python. And I can't remember its name now. It might just be called sendMiddy that you can just send very explicit values from the keyboard or from an interface that you make, which might be a nice way to test out some of those different voices and different parameters for sweep and things like that. So that's the cartridge in a nutshell. You can, I think, get, I think circuitpython.org has this board listed so you can go and check that out. I'll go ahead and unplug that now. And you can also see on here there's a MIDI out and a MIDI in channel. And so I think one idea Scott had was, and I think he may have demoed this at one point is having a little orchestra of them where MIDI messages are being sent, sort of piggybacked from one to the next, which is great. So let's see, other stuff about this guy here, the arcade synth and controller. In fact, let me go over here and try to demo a different thing real quick. So what I'll do is, I'm gonna remove the Game Boy from the mix. So this has been the sound source we've been hearing and I don't need this guy around for this either and I'm not gonna output any MIDI so we can unplug that. So now the only thing we have right now going on is power and then I'm gonna plug the audio output, jack into my amplifier I have over here to the side. And now this is going to use the Feather M4 with the audio library as the synthesizer. So this is changing the range of that arpeggio and this is the pattern. It'd be nice to have some reverb on there so it doesn't just die when you stop it. So that's all audio library stuff and one of the reasons I wanna show you that is I wanted to dive into this part of the code a little bit. So let's jump over to about this Adam's screen here. Yeah, that'll work and close this. So what you're seeing here at the top of my code window, I've got four tabs here and so to answer Dexter Starbird's question, the arcade controller is an Arduino sketch, that's right. And so it's actually an Arduino sketch, this arcade synth controller.ino.ino. By the way, I just committed this yesterday morning to the Adafruit Learn guide repository on GitHub so you can go and check it out right now. It's under the arcade synth controller directory and then I have these three supporting files here, kind of like libraries or what you'd call them, helpers. So one is here, it's called ADT.H and this is the audio library that I'll show you in a second. The audio library has us create little nodes of synthesizer parts, kind of modules and patch them together. So this is what defines the parts and how they're patched together. So you can change that and make a very different sounding synthesizer. The RP.H, I mentioned this is the code that does the arpeggiation. And so you can take a look at this and see how Todd set this up. One thing that's notable at the bottom here is the set of patterns. So you see there's this little array or I guess array matrix that is the different arpeggio patterns. So these are the notes that get played. The major one is 0, 4, 7, and 12. So those are sort of relative intervals which are then mapped onto whatever your root note is. So your root note might be 32 or something and it's gonna then add four, add seven, add 12 to that to play that major scale arpeggio. The minor is a 1, 3, 7, 10. There's a diminished, a suspended fourth. There's just octaves, just jumps up and down octaves. There's one that goes up an octave, up two octaves and drops down an octave and so on. The root one is that last one I was playing that's just tapping the root note there. So you could go in here and make some different patterns if you want. So the other helper I mentioned is this MIDI to frequency. And this is the helper that just takes our 0 to 127, which is the possible MIDI notes that can be sent and translates those into hertz. And pretty accurately, by the way, this thing is tuned pretty well when I've played it alongside of a synthesizer, like a software synthesizer or hardware synthesizer, they're in tune, so that's great. And then in the code for the main Arduino sketch here that I'm running, here's what I've got going on. Let me point out some highlights. So we're using tiny USB, so we import that. We're using the bounce to library, which is the debouncer that I'm using for the joystick so that that will not get multiple hits when we tap it. Joysticks switches can be kind of noisy. And also you don't wanna hold it for, you don't have to worry about being really quick on the draw with it. CSAW is how we're communicating over I squared C to all of those four different arcade LED button boards which in turn each control four sets of LEDs and buttons. And then here we're importing those helpers, so include ADT, include MIDI to frequency and include RP. The rest of this, I've gone over some of this before, so I'm setting up switches, I won't go over into too much detail. I have four different I squared C addresses starting at three A, B, C, and D, and those are the four boards that we are talking to. And then I have some setup for the digital pins that we're reading the joystick on, setting those up as debouncers, setting up my MIDI instances so that we can speak both USB MIDI, which is how you talk to a software synthesizer on your computer, as well as that classic MIDI that I was using to talk to the Game Boy. And then this is some of the audio library synth setup. So this is a four voice synth, that one you were hearing there is four waveforms that are just detuned from each other slightly. So it gives it a nice sort of thick sound. Sets up a variable here for filters. You can adjust some filtering parameters, especially if you want to extend this and add a knob to it or a fader, you could use the little I squared C stem QT fader board and give yourself a filter sweep knob on this, which would be pretty cool. And then some arpeggio offsets for octaves and root notes are set up as variables. We create the arpeggiator, set the beats per minute, set our offsets, and then I have a variable here for whether the arpeggio is on or off. The main thing I'm using that for, I'll skip some of this setup stuff, which is pretty typical, and we'll look at what happens when we press buttons. So here's arpeggio getting set up, the synth library getting set up, which we'll come back to. We have some little functions for note on and note off. And let me see, am I doing it in there? No, I'm doing it in arcade button. So if you look at, this is the section of the code where arcade buttons are getting pressed. Arcade button check. So this is its own function, it gets called in the main loop. When a button gets pressed, if it's the first 14 buttons, those are the piano keys. So I'm doing one thing with those, which is pretty straightforward, just calling the arpeggiator to change the root note. If we hit that first button on the panel, on the left, on the front panel, the first white button, that is the, sorry, I misspoke before, it's the top 12, zero through, yeah, zero through 12, this is button 13. So button 13 here, or the 14th physical button, is when we turn it on, it starts the arpeggiator. And I also have this variable that says the ARP state is on, it's true. Otherwise, when that value changes, one of the things besides telling the arpeggiator to be off with this ARP off, is I'm running MIDI Panic. And MIDI Panic, I mentioned before, is that function, let me find it up here, that sends every note. So for M, it's a variable I made just for like MIDI note, M, starts at zero, until it gets up to 127, loops adding one each time. And what it does is it sends whatever that note value is, with a velocity of zero, which is the same as sending a note off, a note on with velocity zero is pretty common. And over MIDI channel one, same for classic MIDI. So both USB MIDI and the classic MIDI get that. This little yield here, prevented it, at least on my software synth, from flooding and sending the messages so quickly over USB in particular that it didn't get read. So not sure if I need to add a little time for the Game Boy or what's going on there. So that's the MIDI Panic button, and that's all it does. Sometimes I see people asking about how MIDI Panic works. Is it just a particular MIDI message that's part of the MIDI standard? And it is not. Maybe in MIDI too it's changed, but in regular old MIDI, classic 1983 specified MIDI, sending MIDI Panic is just whatever piece of hardware or software you have, running through and setting every, it's playing every note off that it can across the whole keyboard and then some. So let's see. Anything else that people have questions about in code? Let me know. But otherwise, that's gonna wrap that up and you can go and build one. I'm writing the guide for it. The code is up already. I'll be putting up, like I said, the files for that. And now what I wanted to do is kind of switch gears into keyboard land, so different kind of keyboard. And that's this guy. Let me switch full view here for a second. So this is what I'm now calling the Wordle keyboard. This is a PB Gherkin, which is a 30%, what's called 30% keyboard, it has 30 keys. And actually, as a point of reference, I was thinking about this. It's not 30% in terms of, there's a really dusty keyboard under my workbench here.  It's definitely not 30% in terms of size because here's a full, full keyboard. This was a, gosh, I forget the brand of this one now, but it's an old, old keyboard, like 1982, 83 with Alps switches in it. And I'm totally blanking on the name, but you can see we can fit a lot more than three of these guys on there. So it's 30% is sort of like seven of these would fit in there. I think that's 104 key on that one. Super duper battle tank. If there's any super keyboard fans in the chat, you probably know what that one is and can remind me. So, but this colloquially called 30% keyboard. It's a ortho linear. So that means there's no stagger to the keys. They're stacked on top of each other. There's a PCB kit and you saw me mention it during the product pick of the week. I'll show you the site for that again. It's open source projects. A lot of people will sell boards for it and you can modify them if you want, but it is pretty straightforward. It's, it doesn't look a lot different than this other macro pad kit. And I got these from Key Hive. So you can find these on Key Hive, I think.io. But there you have some spots to solder in keyswitches, some spots to solder in diodes, because it's a diode matrix. And then the spot to solder in your either pro micro or now the KB2040, if you wanna use that board. So that's what's going on under there.  And then what I showed the other day was that this is actually, now that I've rearranged it a little, this is pretty much exactly the keyboard that you were faced with in Wordle. So if you're not familiar with Wordle, let's pop open. Okay, so I haven't done today's Wordle on this browser. So nothing's gonna show up. It won't spoil it for anyone, but that's what Wordle looks like. It just gives this little page of instructions here. You guess a word and then mastermind style, it either tells you that you got a letter correct and in their correct spot by making it green, correct letter in the wrong spot by making it yellow. And you have five guesses or six guesses total to hone in on the word. And as you can see, the way you interact with this is same on the phone or on an iPad. It's with that little touch screen keyboard there, which on the, actually I've never even tried yet. You can use your regular keyboard on the computer, which means you can also plug in this and have a highly focused distraction-free Wordle keyboard. And in fact, I'll plug this in and we'll use it. So this is USB-C is what we've got on the side of the KB2040 there. So I'll plug that in. And this has a little more up its sleeve than just typing these alphabet characters that you see there. So let me adjust the view here a little bit.  You'll be able to see it, but it's really floppy now. I don't know what happened to it. Let's see, let's do a down shooter of that. Chrome capture there, let me end the corner. So you can see here, sort of, I can get it to stay. Yeah, it's also, the camera's like, boop, I'll hold it out there, let's focus. The camera has a little joint in it that had some sort of friction lock in it that just gave up the ghost. You know what, I have a little, I'm gonna use this to try to prop it at the right height. Sorry for the camera work there. Okay, that'll sort of stay. So, let's move that over a little bit. Okay, there you go. So again, I won't spoil today's.  So let's say, let's, is that really plugged in? Reway, okay, so if I hit enter on that, which is the little enter key right there. Oh, sorry, that's the, that's the delete. So you can see the way they've got their keyboard arranged, I've got it about the same way. So I can, and then over here is my enter. That's not in the word list. And so that's how that's gonna work. So I won't get any further with that. The, oh, someone said that they, over on YouTube, Roy Kozitski put the link for the Gherkin PCB GitHub on the Discord. Thank you. Thanks, Duane says the keyboard's cool enough to make up for the camera glitch. I don't know how it just suddenly died. That's why there's got, gotta be like a little friction lock or a spring in there. And it's like a arm, articulated arm that just went boom. So now what I wanna do is show you some of the kind of functionality that this keyboard has beyond just doing Wordle. So let's, in fact, let's switch over to this view. And I will, whoop, open up the code.py running on that. So again, this is a circuit Python and KMK keyboard here. So I can just treat the drive, treat the microcontroller like it's a USB drive, so I don't have to compile code in something like Arduino or create a firmware like you do with QMK and flash it to the drive. Instead, we just use it like it's a USB drive. So if I open up code.py here, you'll see this is where the imports for KMK are happening. KMK, by the way, is like QMK. It's a architecture for creating mechanical keyboards or don't have to be mechanical, but for creating keyboard layouts, functionality, extras like knobs and screens. And very importantly for a keyboard this small, it allows us to do layers. And so you can think of layers, you're actually, we're all used to layers from things like the shift key, right? There is not a set of 27 uppercase and 26, not a set of 26 uppercase English letters on a keyboard and another set of lowercase ones. We use the shift key to change the meaning of a key. So layers work a lot like that, but they're just more, they're utilized more heavily because in this case, you'll see if I create a little, let's put a little comment block there. So if I type in here, right, I can type fairly normally except I got to come over here with my thumb for space. If I want a exclamation point or I want a number one, then I will hold one of these keys and now you can see this top row becomes the number row. If I hold this one, I think those become, yeah, the punctuation. So you just need to memorize them. That's the idea with these. And by the way, I'm not here to try to convince you that this is right for you. I'm just trying to show you what it is. This is probably not right for me, but it is interesting. So there are some other things missing from this, let's say a number pad. And I'll show you how this all is set up and how this works in a second. But if I want to use those, I'm going to use my third layer. So I'm going to hold the button that allows me to go to my third layer, which is the C key. And now I can do down, up, left, and right, or I can do them over here, I think also. Oh, that wasn't it. So left, up, down, right. Yeah, it's these four originally. So let's take a look at how this all works. The sort of key thing is some keys have multiple functions. And using these, both mod tap and layers, allows us to set up using, you can see there's these two modules, layers extension and mod tap. Allows us to set up things that are layered keys, so they can do multiple things. The, let's say, shift, or rather space key. Where did that guy go? It's the first one here. So space is also layer one. So things kind of start on layer zero. So that means in layer zero, we have this key map that you see before you, where they're arranged the same as the keyboard. So Q, W, E, R, T, Y, and so on. The, instead of it just being KC space, this is function one space. And so function one is the, that calling up a layer. Whatever next set of key mappings you see is what function layer one does. So this is number one, number two, number three, number four, so those are the numericals, all the way up through zero. And then this is your function row, up to ten. And then there's a delete key over here. Where you see X, these don't do anything. And some people will set those up as, instead of a no operation, they'll set it up as a transparent layer, which means it does whatever is under that layer. So that would, in this case, use the enter, or the control Z, or the alt text, it would use all of those. If we need to move to layer two, that's the backspace key. So holding backspace gives us this next set here, which is exclamation point, at symbol, hashtag, and so on dollar sign. So you can see here KMK, if you look it up, and thank you, some people put it into our chat over on Discord, so you can go check out KMK. Dexter Starboard said, my other keyboard is a digikeer. Yeah, not too far off from it. Some people would probably be way faster using a Morse code keer than this. But it's all what you learn. I know people get good at this. And so on. So you can see I set up a little bit of a customization on this map. Originally, this mapping was made by our own Ava. Thank you so much for that. Here's the case where I wanted my number, or my arrow keys to look sort of like, I'm used to them, which is left, down, right, and then go up one for the up. So that's how I was able to get that little section there. So I hope that is helpful as far as wanting to use, or knowing how you can use these layers. I'm a real noob with this, so I've basically exhausted my knowledge of it just in doing this. So head to the internet to find out more. Ava knows a lot more about it. We have a guide on the Navi keyboard, which also uses KMK. So you can go and check out that guide that Ava did. I may put one up that just piggybacks off of that, but shows a little bit more of this layer stuff just to get you started, and then you can go to town and learn a lot more. Useful for Plunk or Plank keyboards, which also don't have a number row, but at least have a lot more keys and spacebars, sort of where you expect them and so on. So there's a world of keyboard layer stuff you can do there. Let's see. Any questions over in the chat? Rooksits guess, have you got RGB to work in KMK? You know what, this is not a lighted keyboard, so I think there's a version of the Gherkin that uses single color LEDs. I don't know that there's one for RGB LEDs. I believe you can still use Neopixel stuff on a different pin. There are some pins available, I think, still. The part of the nature of that question is QMK is way, way, way, way ahead of KMK. So there are lots of features that people are used to in QMK that you won't find in KMK yet, but I think people are working on those. And again, I'm not an expert on it, so I could be wrong, but head over to some of the mechanical keyboard reddits and other places to find out more about that. I'll show you actually real quick this is. Make this bigger. This is just a search for Gherkin keyboard in Google Images, so you can see there's a lot of really snazzy designs for it, including laser cut layered cases, printed cases, wooden cases for it. Here's someone who has decided they really wanted a big enter or backspace here. They've added a big honking button underneath the thing, which is great. Some people call this a meme board because it's fun for memes about joking about how ridiculously small some keyboards get. There's people who use 40% and actually use them for real. I don't know if there's anyone using 30% Gherkin's for real use, but they are pretty cool for macro keyboards and like I showed, if you just need alphabetical stuff as in Wordle or the crossword puzzle with a couple of keys for arrows for maybe changing, I think Tab will change your crossing on the app. And I showed, you saw this before, you can use something like the famous lightning camera adapter for iOS, which is really a USB on the go sort of dongle. You can use that with iOS devices. USB cable to that and now this will plug right into the phone and you can use that to type your novel on the train on your phone if you want. All right, let's see. Have we missed anything? I think that's what we had prepared for today. Thank you so much for stopping by and hanging out and hanging out over in the YouTube chat and the Discord. Let's see if there's any other comments or questions. I think that's it. JP Constantino says KMK is really easy to set up, got it working on my Pi Key 60. I'm typing on right now. Oh, cool. I want to see the Pi Key 60. Is that the one? No, that's not the one you posted. Let me look. Pi Key 60. Oh, and that has, yeah, that's got RGB it looks like, huh? This is Pi Key 60. Super cool. Ah, keyboards. All right, that's going to do it. That's the thing. Watch for the guide. I'm working on it as soon as I get out of here. I'm working on documenting that so you can build your own. Thanks, everyone, for stopping by for Adiford Industries. This has been John Parks Workshop, and I will see you next time. And don't forget to tune in tomorrow for a Deep Dive with Scott. Bye-bye.


Get it for one month for $149, you get it for six months, for $695 which is a savings of $199, 22% and for one year for $1195 which is a savings of $593, 33%. Now what happens folks is that they all come with a $38 money back guarantee. Steve has a huge amount of tools that he uses every day that you're going to get as soon as you get the newsletter. So come on over, you get it for months, six months a year. If it works while you're great, if it doesn't work for you for some reason just 28 days, just cancel it and you know, you charge nothing. Steve Rhodes, what's going on? Well, I think I have found a diamond in the rough in your neck of the woods in St. Pete. Oh, I like it. A real diamond. So I went to, I've been to a number of concerts here over the last week. One of them was Saturday Night, a group called Acoustic Alchemy. Great, great jazz band. Most people have heard their, have heard some of their songs, whether they know about the band or not. Okay. And I've seen them probably, they travel through South Florida once a year. So probably for the last five, six years I've gone to see their concerts. And the, one of the founding members, his name is Greg Carmichael. Great, amazing guitar player. But his wife is, is dealing with some, some major sickness and illness. And so he's no longer traveling with the group. So it's a little bit bummed about that. Well, turns out the guitar player that was replaced him as a guy named Nate Najar. And he lives in St. Pete. He doesn't just live in St. Pete. He also plays in St. Pete. And I'm telling you, Tom, if you like guitar players, this guy is just extraordinary. I want to write this down. Yeah. I'm going to show you this because I know we've got a number of listeners in the TAMP area. Turns out that he's playing, I guess in Clearwater, November 17th through the 19th, there is a Suncoast Jazz Festival. Oh, yeah. I think it was down, I think it was down just past the old office area. Yeah, it is. We can see it from the office. Yeah. So there's a festival there and he's playing at different times. So you can look that up. But he's also doing a Christmas, I believe it's a Christmas event on Thursday, December 7th and December 8th in St. Pete. I'm sorry, December 7th is in St. Pete. So you can look that up. Nate Najar, N-A-J-A. I mean, he was amazing. So all of a sudden that wasn't so, you know, I always say everything in life happens for us. And really that was. So I was a little bit bummed that Greg Carmichael was going to be there, but really what I got was, you know, was a new guy to listen to. How cool was that? Yeah, and then last night I went to see Special Effects, which is a jazz band that I've been listening to for 30 years. And I've never been able to see him travel. And one of the main players, his name is Kaylee Minucci. He brings out a woman to play the violin. Her name was Karen Briggs, B-R-I-G-G-S. If anybody looks it up, and she was amazing. My wife and I, we looked at each other, we're like, wow! Never heard sound like that coming out of a violin, you know, in this jazz band. So, but, but, but, behind this... And most of these are small venues, Steve, right? Which is really cool, right? Yeah. Last night. Yeah. I have 200 people max. Which is huge, which is dynamite, I know. Yeah. Which is, it is so wonderful, you know, to see that. So I thought I'd pass that on to you. I couldn't wait really to tell you because I'm like, and then when I found out he was playing there, I'm like, oh, this is a beautiful thing. Yeah. It's one thing to be a resident. It's another thing to, you know, play in your local community. No, totally, man. Totally. So that's beautiful. So last week, let's just get to the markets here. Last week, the spies, the cues, the diamonds, and the IWM form weekly Gartley by patterns. Folks, the Gartley by pattern is in a market that's moving higher. You get an A to B equal CD to the downside, and that's what we refer to as... So it's the same thing as a by the D point pattern. And so each of those formed a nice bull sash candles to confirm that pattern. So I'm showing the A to B equal CD patterns on my screen. People can see it's got a one, the one to one level. Then I go to different Fibonacci expansions. I use 1.272, 1.618, and the 2.0 level. And what folks need to understand is the way that I look at an A to B equal CD pattern to the upside or the downside. We're talking out of the downside. The way that we know that the pattern is completed is the market will tell us. It will tell us by forming some type of bullish reversal candle. And that's one of the tools that I teach to subscribers out there. So we've got weekly Gartley by patterns. It's really important for us to understand where the profile levels, where resistance areas are. So folks are looking at our screen or copying it. It's in the upper right-hand corner. It shows you top W, center W, bottom BOTW. That's the weekly chart. And it's just the center of the top and the bottom. Bottom is where the buyers are at. Top is where the sellers are at. Another support resistance to observe is what I refer to as the oscillator and change line. And we can clearly see that last week's move was really a test of that oscillator and change line, a test of resistance, especially if you look at the IWM out here. Big move last week, right? But ran boom, right smack dab into resistance out there. This is the weekly equity futures contracts. They each also form Gartley by patterns. So we've got really nice significant by patterns. However, the issue is can price take out resistance? And so far, the answer is no, it hasn't. And so here, just like the Russell 2000, lower right, if you see it, folks, you can see it ran right up into that red oscillator and change line. A red oscillator and change line is more of a problem than a green one. A red one tells us that we have a falling price oscillator below zero. And that's a very bearish condition. So in the case here of both the Dow, which had an amazing rally last week at the Russell 2000, they ran right up into resistance. How does that work? It's a beautiful thing. We take a look at the daily time frame here for the spy, the diamond, the IWM. They completed what's referred to as rogement to indicator bottoms. Q is a TD9 count bottom. And the Q's here, the Q's ran right into resistance. The breakdown level was at 369.92. Now that's using the TD9 count system out there. Just gives us an objective level of resistance. So we've run into resistance, resistance, resistance out there. That's important to understand. The point that I'm trying to make is that last week's rally, it's running into daily and weekly resistance areas. And therefore, at this moment in time, we do not have a clear signal of any kind of a market breakout. So if we're at resistance, the next logical question, does that mean the market is topped? And the answer there is the market is most likely forming a short-term top. And what I look at here, this is the New York Stock Exchange. And the center panel here, it's as advanced client oscillator. That's where we're taking a look at. And what this did was this got into extreme overbought territory. And when we get into the overbought territory, that's a move above the plus 150 level, that condition needs to be worked off. Now, the cool thing is what I really think is going to take place here now, the market's going to form its next top, and it's not right here right now. If you take a look at all these green diagonal lines up at the highs where price is moving higher, but then look down at the advanced client oscillator where it's moving lower, I believe whenever we get above this 150 area, and we were at the highest level since January of this year out there, that's typically the way that it top forms. So, this is the pattern that I'll be looking at, and that's when I believe that we set the next top inside the markets.  And folks, it is so hard to do a weekly gauntlet. Oh, it is. I mean, this is, this is, it's not easy, folks, okay? No doubt. Yeah. And my mind's still open to that. Oh, no, no. I get it. I get it. It's just really cool, man. Well, listen, man, can you just text me that guys that... I will. Absolutely. Absolutely. Thank you. Thanks. Stay right there for...


Hi, I'm Vince Amodio, Mechanical Engineer at Consumer Product Safety Commission. Today I'm going to go over the CPSC Bicycle Regulation and compare that to the U.S. and International Bicycle Standards. This is an overview of what we're going to be discussing today. Again, the CPSC Bicycle Regulations, Bicycle Voluntary Standards, and I'm going to go over Bicycle Usage Conditions and a comparison of test requirements in CPSC Bicycle Regulation compared to the Voluntary Standards. We're going to then go over a few selected Bicycle Recalls. The CPSC Bicycle Regulation is found at 16 CFR Part 1512. This is the mandatory standard for bicycles sold in the United States, and it was originally codified in 1978. The purpose of the CPSC Bicycle Regulation is to reduce the risk of injury from bicycles sold to consumers in the United States. All bicycles that are sold in the United States must be certified to CPSC Bicycle Regulation. Certification of all bicycles designed or intended primarily for children 12 years of age or younger must be based on testing conducted by a third party conformity assessment body whose accreditation has been accepted by the CPSC. Since 1978, when the CPSC Bicycle Regulation was first established, there has only been minor changes. The CPSC Bicycle Regulation does not address Bicycle Usage Conditions. Bicycle Usage Conditions are usage-based on intended terrain and type of riding. It does also not address technical improvements in bicycle design since 1978. This includes disc brakes, electric motor assist, integrated shift brake levers. It also does not address use of modern materials such as composite fiber. The CPSC Bicycle Regulation sets basic requirements for mechanical and safety systems found on all bicycles regardless of intended use. It does include specific requirements for sidewalk bicycles, which are bicycles with a maximum saddle height of less than 635 millimeters. It also includes requirements for two or three-wheeled bicycles with electric assist motors that are less than 750 watts, one horsepower, with functioning pedals and a maximum speed of 20 miles per hour when operated solely on electric power. Here's an overview of the requirements that are in CPSC Bicycle Regulation Part 1512. It includes all the major systems for bicycles. There are other organizations that have bicycle standards. These are U.S. organizations and international organizations such as ISO and SEN. ASTM is the major U.S. standards organization body that has bicycle standards. ASTM F2043-13 is the standard classification for bicycle usage. This defines usage conditions for design of bicycles. It includes graphical icons for placement on bicycles, aftermarket components and instructional material to provide retailers and consumers with an indication of the intended usage condition of bicycles or aftermarket components. ASTM F2043-13 defines six usage conditions that I will be going over. There are other usage conditions such as BMX, young adult and electrically powered assisted cycles. There are quite a few ASTM bicycle standards. There are several general standards such as the one I had just mentioned, standard classification for bicycle usage. There is also standards for manually operated front wheel retention systems for bicycles, standard bicycle serial numbers, standard specification for bicycle grips. There are several standards for bicycle forks. There is a test method and there are also test specifications. The difference is the test method goes over the procedure for the test. The test specifications go over the requirements for that specific use condition. F2273 sets the test methods for bicycle forks. Similarly with frames for bicycles, there is a test method F2711-08. Then there are several bike standards specifications for various conditions for bicycle frames. The European bicycle community has a few bicycle standards established under SEN. These are EN15194 for electric powered assisted cycles and EN16054 for BMX bicycles. ISO is the major international standards organization for bicycles sold in Europe and across the world. ISO 8098 covers cycles for young children which are saddle heights less than 635mm which is similar to ASTM condition 0. ISO 42110 is a rather new and expanded bicycle standard which goes into a lot more depth than the old 42110. I'm now going to cover what ASTM 2043 talks about and sets up for usage conditions for bicycles. Condition 0 is similar to sidewalk bicycles which are intended for children aged 3 and up under 80 pounds that are intended to be used with parental supervision. This slide shows the icon that ASTM F2043 established for use on condition 0 bicycles. Generally this icon will be shown on users manuals for children's bicycles. It can also be included as a sticker that is placed on the bicycle so that you know the intended usage. Condition 1 is generally for road bikes also considered as racing bicycles and this is the icon that ASTM 2043 has set out. Condition 1 bicycles are generally used on paved surfaces and are intended to maintain contact with the ground. Condition 2 is for hybrid or gravel type bicycles where it may lose contact with the ground on some occasion but is not intended for very high jumps. Condition 3 is generally for mountain bicycles that can do jumps and drops of about 24 inches. Condition 4 is for downhill bicycles and bicycles intended to be used on rough trails where you may encounter jumps of up to 4 feet. Condition 5 is for very extreme mountain bicycles and downhill grades of over 40 kilometers per hour with extreme jumping. EN-16054 also has a standard for BMX type bicycles but there's no icons associated with this. And they also have 4210 for young adult bicycles. EN-15194 has a requirement for electric power assisted bicycles. I'm going to now talk about a little bit of a comparison between bicycle standards requirements. Again the CPSC Bicycle Regulation 16 CFR 1512 is mandatory requirements for bicycles, sidewalk bicycles and electric bicycles. But it does not set requirements for various use conditions for bicycles. Again these are the minimum test requirements that all bicycles sold in the United States must meet. ASTM, SEN and ISO has a voluntary bicycle standard and these are generally set based on bicycle components. They also establish the requirements based on intended usage for the bicycle. These requirements established in ASTM and the SEN and ISO may be more appropriate than CPSC's general test requirements to ensure that the bicycles and bicycle components meet the demands of the user. I'm going to cover a couple examples of the differences between CPSC's regulation and the international or voluntary regulations. Here's an example of CPSC's test requirement for handlebar strength. The CPSC test requirement is 2000 newtons or 450 pounds for bicycles and 1000 newtons and 225 pounds for sidewalk bicycles. In comparison, EN and ISO establish requirements based on usage conditions that may be different than what CPSC requirements are. For example, for use condition 1, CPSC requirement is 2000 newtons and 450 pounds regardless of use condition. Whereas ISO establishes different test requirements for different usage conditions which can range from 500 newtons for use condition 0 to 1600 newtons or higher based on the usage condition. Example 2 is a test requirement for fork bending fatigue. We can see that CPSC does not have a requirement for fork bending fatigue whereas international voluntary standards do have a fork bending fatigue test. This table shows that CPSC does not have a requirement for fork bending fatigue while ASTM, EN and ISO have various test requirements for fork bending fatigue. So as you can see if you're designing a fork it may be appropriate to use an ASTM or ISO test requirement to make sure that your bicycle meets the intended usage condition. Example 3 is fork and frame assembly test requirements. CPSC's test requires that the fork and frame assembly be tested for strength by application of a load of 890 newtons or at least 39.5 joules of energy, whichever results in the greater force in accordance with the frame test. The fork and frame assembly static load test is only done for CPSC requirements. ASTM, EN and ISO have fork and frame assembly horizontal loading fatigue test and fork and frame assembly folding mass impact test requirements that CPSC's testing does not require. This table shows the fork and frame assembly horizontal fatigue test requirements. Again you can see here that CPSC does not have this test. But if you're designing a bicycle for sale in the US or anywhere in the world you should consider using ASTM, EN or ISO test requirements to design your bicycle forks and frames. The following table has a list of bicycle recalls conducted by CPSC and manufacturers from 2012 to 2017. Again you can see some of the components that have shown up as in CPSC bicycle recalls. For example, CPSC recall 17-140 in April of 2017 was a stem that had been recalled for clamp bolts breaking. Various other recalls are for disc brakes, forks, shocks, wheels, seat posts. We've also seen frames fail. Typically these are carbon fiber frames that may not have been designed adequately. Bicycle recalls are one of the most common CPSC recalls. There has been some bicycle recalls for battery issues such as 15-124 in April of 2015. In this case a battery was recalled for overheating. Again, CPSC does not have any requirements for batteries itself. You should consider using an international standard for bicycle batteries. We're looking at various recalls again going back to 2012 and as you can see there has been quite a few. Pedals are one of the components that we've seen a lot of issues with recalls. Just to wrap up what we've been talking about we've covered the CPSC bicycle test requirements and international and U.S. voluntary standard requirements. As you can see there's several differences in what CPSC requires for sale and what voluntary standards and international standards require for testing. In many cases those differences may mean that a bicycle may fail under its intended use condition if it's not designed appropriately. So you should seriously look at whether just designing your bike to meet CPSC requirements will be enough. Perhaps you can consider using an ASTM or ISO test requirement to design your bicycle to make sure that it meets the intended usage condition. Thank you and now I'd like to present Caroline Paul who will give a talk on CPSC bicycle incident data and case studies. Thank you. As Vince mentioned my name is Caroline Paul and I am a mechanical engineer here at the CPSC. This presentation will talk about how CPSC gathers data on bicycle accidents and gives examples of a few case studies of actual incidents. CPSC gathers information on bicycle accidents by two main methods. The first is the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System also known as NICE. The second are in-depth investigations conducted by our own investigators. NICE collects injury data from emergency departments across the United States. About 100 hospitals participate and they called code actual incidents that come into the emergency department with a specific product code. For example the product code for bicycles and accessories is 5040 and the product code for mountain bicycles is 5033. Now from this information these hospitals are specifically chosen to be a national probability sample so that this data when it comes to us we can then use it to calculate national estimates for how many incidents occurred across the United States. We also get information of bicycle accidents that are reported to us and then we send out our investigators to ask the victim's questions. The investigator then writes up a detailed report called an in-depth investigation incident report. Now IDIs provide very good specific information on the incident occurred but they cannot be used to make national estimates. So between these two we get ideas of what's happening nationally and then we also get specific information on what actually occurred. We also have a report from our Epidemiology Epi department on bicycle injuries seen in hospital emergency departments in 2013. Now this report goes over how many injuries there were for instance in 2013. There were 531,000 injuries associated with bicycles and accessories seen in emergency departments. Over 90% of these resulted from the person riding the bicycle and more than half were described as falls from the bike. Terms in-depth investigations they provide like I said detailed information on incidents and there were 302 IDIs from January 2007 to January 2017. There are many components to a bicycle and any one of these can fail to cause a bicycle incident. For example the top component failures based on the IDIs that we've investigated include pedals, wheels, the frame of the bicycle, forks, brakes and that includes everything in the brake system, stems, crank arms and handlebars. As I mentioned before the IDIs provide specific information on the bicycle incidents and many of the same descriptions come up in the investigations with the likely failure type of the bicycle. These type descriptions include words like something detached or loosened and then the likely failure type associated with that usually something related to the assembly of the bicycle or the maintenance of the bicycle. Now others include descriptions such as something cracked, came apart, deformed or fractured and the likely failure type there is structural and this is very important to us because a structural failure is usually related to the design of the bicycle and this is important because that's usually something that can be addressed through voluntary standards. And then an overall malfunction that comes up quite often and that's an unknown failure type. So in terms of bicycle incidents that involve pedal failures here are some actual IDIs that were conducted and one, IDI 050211 CCC 1472 this is a number that allows us to reference the actual investigation we can go back and look at what the investigator found. In this case it was a 25 year old female who flipped over the handlebars because her left pedal detached and this was serious enough for her to be taken to the hospital via ambulance. Another IDI 090521CNE 44429 involved a 19 year old male where the right clipless pedal of his bicycle now this was a race bike so he was actually in a competition and the pedal actually fractured. Again it's a bit of a catastrophic failure and the victim fell to the pavement and with lacerations and contusions to his right knee. We also have wheel related incidents here two typical IDIs both involve the front wheel that separated from the suspension fork one was a 16 year old male he was just riding his bike I believe this one was first time use he had just bought it from the store and for reasons unknown the wheel just detached from the fork and the victim flew over the handlebars. The other one the same thing was an 11 year old male he had been riding this bike for a while he was riding over a speed bump and the front wheel detached and wedged in the bike and that caused the bike to stop suddenly and the victim to flip over the handlebars. Next we have some frame related incidents now in these these are two sample IDIs I'm not going to repeat the numbers you can look them up but in both cases in the first one the aluminum frame literally broke in half an 8 year old male was riding this bicycle and he was thrown over the handlebar and an ontograph driveway and this other incident was a 20 year old male on a bicycle and this frame right at the head tube actually fractured in half and again thrown over the handlebar and multiple lacerations that particular IDI the one that ends in 2105 the bicycle actually was one that was recalled recall number 00-030 so sometimes like I said before when you have a structural problem it ends up usually being part of the design and in this case it can lead to recalls. This next IDIs have to do with fork related incidents and in the first IDI the fork came apart as you can see in the picture it came apart pretty catastrophically 20 year old male was riding the bicycle at the time he was thrown over the handlebars hit the pavement had some serious injuries there on the second IDI the fork on the bike broke and I was a 14 year old male and actually you know his head and face struck the pavement when this happened and resulted in a broken jaw these next IDIs relate to the big breaks on the bicycle on the first one the front wheel locked up when applying the breaks 17 year old female was riding the bike at the time and anything that locks up the wheel of a bicycle the bicycle stopped suddenly in this case she was thrown off the bike onto a concrete picnic table and fractured both her arms and it was hospitalized for three days and second IDI a 25 year old male was riding the bicycle and he lost control attempting to apply the brakes and he ended up falling onto the pavement with head lacerations and road rash these next IDIs are related to the stem of the bike this is where the handlebars are attached and in the first IDI 13 year old male was riding the bicycle and the stem fractured as you can see in the picture that's again a pretty bad failure there a material failure and you lose control of the bicycle and this victim fell to the ground the second IDI actually there are three here the second one the victim of a 52 year old male was turning the handlebars and the wheel did not turn and the bike doesn't respond crashes can happen and she severely fractured her leg and the last one it was an 18 year old male riding a bicycle on the stem cracked and fell to the pavement with the wrist and elbow fracture next we have a crank arm these are the parts the pedal is attached to on your bicycle so this is where you're transferring torque and power to the bicycle and in this first IDI 15 year old male was riding the bicycle and the crank arm fractured again this is some type of material failure and that caused the victim to fall and had head injury and a broken arm the other IDI was a left crank arm fractured again some type of material failure and a 35 year old victim fell to the pavement and had abrasions and a laceration and we also now have handlebar related incidents these are again actual investigations of actual incidents the first one was a 57 year old female was riding a handlebar and her handlebar just suddenly collapsed so that's you lose control of your bicycle since you control your bicycle with the handlebars and so that caused her to fall and she needed surgery to treat a broken ankle another incident 11 year old male was riding a bicycle and again his handlebars became loose and lost control of the bicycle fell over and had injuries to the face so those were all just examples of actual IDIs as I said earlier we have hundreds of them and next we're going to look at specific case studies of failures of specific failures and examples of what the manufacturers can do to correct that the first case here we have a fork failure and this particular product was a road bike with a carbon fork again as Vince mentioned this is a material that's not even covered in the CPSC regulations this is all through voluntary standards but innovations in bicycle design are areas where a lot of problems can arise and in this case it was a road bike with a carbon fork and the issue was that the disc brake mount was fracturing now the corrective action to rectify the material failure the manufacturer redesigned the aluminum disc brake as well as the carbon fibers layups in the fork where the disc mount is attached and all of this was done to reduce the stress in that area and to validate the design the manufacturer had the redesigned fork was tested to the fork test requirements in EN 14764 that's 14764 which is for city and trekking bikes and again this is a case where the voluntary standards can really help in manufacturing making sure that they design a bicycle safely our second case is a frame failure and needless to say it's very bad if a frame fails in this case this was a folding bicycle and the aluminum frame could fracture at the frame hinge and as you can see in these photos that's a catastrophic failure there in the material now in this case to rectify the material failure the manufacturer modified the welding process at the subject area essentially to increase the thickness increase the strength where the fractures occurred and in addition the manufacturer improved the quality control process to ensure the frames meet specifications before the bike is assembled and put together and lastly to validate that the design change addressed the problem the manufacturer tested the frame to the frame fatigue and impact test requirements in EN 14764 and lastly seat post failure I've ridden mountain and road bicycles and I can tell you that it's very very bad if your seat post fails this particular product is a mountain bicycle it's called a 29er because the wheels are 29 inches in diameter and the issue in this case was a carbon seat post that can fracture and the manufacturer to rectify again a material failure was to modify the carbon fiber layering to cover the transition area that was failing essentially this is to strengthen that area and to validate that the design change addressed the problem the redesigned seat post was tested to the seat post fatigue test requirements in EN 14766 in addition the manufacturer conducted in-house static load testing to ensure the strength of the product so here you have a manufacturer that recognizes the failure and then not only do they find the requirement in the volunteer state that actually addresses this problem they did their own in-house testing so these are all just good practices to make sure that you're manufacturing a bike to be as safe as possible so in conclusion these are just examples of the many components that can and have failed on bicycles and we at the CPSC we encourage all manufacturers to learn from the recalls and the corrective actions and to really look at all the different standards out there mandatory and voluntary standards and apply all of them and best practices to prevent future incidents thank you


Cooper Union. What's happening with human rights around another world on Think Tech Live from our downtown studio on Honolulu Life and Moana, New York. I'm your host, Joshua Cooper. And today, we'll be looking at the state of health and reproductive rights in the United States. Women stand in solidarity around the world in response to the Supreme Court canceling our constitutional rights. Today, I'm joined by three amazing women who are living what they believe in and standing up against the current conditions that have been handed down. Most recently. Thank you so much for joining us from Hawaii. How are you doing today? Good. Excellent. Where were you, Shannon, when you first heard the ruling a week ago? And what was your immediate response and thoughts about what needs to be done? Well, actually, I heard when I first heard back in March about the leaked draft, that was actually sort of the big moment for me emotionally. To hear that really strongly impacted me. I'm a mother of two. I've had four miscarriages. I had three before my daughter, and then one between my daughter and son. And so for me, freedom of choice and control over my own reproductive health has been a very crucial thing in my own life. And something I fought for for years, in various different ways, and organized multiple different protests and rallies and other things here on the Big Island. So that initial hearing about the the leak was kind of what really affected me. So I was expecting it. It wasn't a surprise when I woke up in the morning and read the email that said, it's happened. This is what's happening. And so I immediately emailed the rest of our group of organizers from bans off our bodies on March 14. We collected a number of email addresses.  And, and we were able to organize a large group in a very short amount of time, because everybody had had that advanced notice. Thank you. So I agreed with Shannon. It was more the leak of the of the Supreme Court decision that set that struck me as it's horrifying. Knowing that the that that was going to be the decision took a lot of the oomph out of when the Supreme Court actually did release the decision. So when they released the decision, we were all ready to start having a bunch of rallies and things all over the country. And it was just about a matter of triggering them. So in Kona, we we had something ready to go. And it was just a matter of putting putting on Facebook and getting everybody rallied up to go protest with their signs on the highway. But it was has been really unsettling and really upsetting. And I've I've seen women tourists in Hawaii just looking really on edge. I don't know if this is just coincidence, but I've seen a lot of edgy people lately, a lot of women looking really, really short fused. For me, I I've never had children. I've never wanted children, which is a big part of the reason why I think abortion should exist. Because I've never if I'd ever been pregnant, I would have aborted. I'm a lesbian. I never even had sex with a man. So I don't have this issue in that regard. For me, it's more the other side of it. I'm adopted. So I think that my I wish my birth mother had her choice in 1961 to to do what she wanted. And it being adoptees, we're going to have a lot more adoptees out there. And that's not a great thing because adoption is not as simple as people make it out to be. It's a very complicated issue. A lot of adoptees in prison, a lot of adoptees in the mental health institutions, a lot of adoptees, criminals, a lot of adoptees with addiction. There's a lot of problems with being adopted. It's not an easy thing. So I don't really like the idea of seeing a lot more adoptees out there. I was horrified by this decision. Yeah, adding to that what you said about, you know, more criminals are people who are adopted and things like that. I feel like it's really important that we understand that it affects it disproportionately affects people who are poorer and who, you know, suffer from addiction and things like that, because they don't have the access, they don't have the resources to get the help that they need. And then their kids don't have parents that can take care of them the way that they're supposed to or want to take care of them. And it can end in a lot of, you know, domestic violence. And no, I mean, those are some very important points. And when we look at, of course, this recent Supreme Court decision, what is also alarming, of course, where the states where it would then immediately be put into effect, those are also the states that spend the least amount of resources to actually provide assistance from early education, actually health care, and all other really economic, social and cultural rights. So saying one thing, but then not putting any resources or prioritizing those basic economic, social and cultural rights of right to health, housing, education, and it just shows really a hypocrisy of our democracy. Unfortunately, in many ways, with what this one small group of people in robes have ruled, that also went against stare decisis and precedence that it existed for half a century. Shannon, what do you think needs to be done first to look at this? Because I'll never forget a couple of the quotes of what came down from really our leaders. We had Joe Biden speaking at 1237, saying it's a very solid moment, a sad day for the court and for our country. The court has done what it's never done before, expressly taken away a constitutional right that's so fundamental to so many Americans that had already been recognized. What's your response to that, Shannon? Also, I think another one Jill Biden said, said, for nearly 50 years, women have had the right to make our own decisions about our bodies. Today, that right was stolen from us. And while we may be def saved by this injustice, we will not be silent. Yeah, I think it really goes back to what you were just saying about access and the trigger laws that are happening in other states. Lucky for us, we live in Hawaii, which has has been a leader for abortion rights and abortion, reproductive health. I mean, they legalized abortion, which is silly that we should even have to have it legalized. It's just a basic fundamental human right. But that they they were proactive in doing so even a couple years before that row versus way decision was made at the federal level. But so while we don't have to deal with the trigger law, which is wonderful here, at the same time, what what we're dealing with is is a lot of lack of access. And our islands, because of the way they're they're separated, we have rural islands and we have urban islands. And for all of us living on a rural island, we know how challenging it is for us to get health care in general, across the board and to get reproductive health care in particular is especially challenging. I have a friend who just actually had to travel to Colorado to be able to access her abortion rights. And this was a late term abortion, and the fetus was not viable. And yet she could not get the care that she needed here, even by traveling to Oahu. So she had to travel by plane, which is horrifically expensive and traumatic emotionally, physically, again, financially. And even while there are some funds available through various national organizations, it's still just a horrible thing that she had to do this on top of the trauma of losing her baby that she was really looking forward to meeting in a few short weeks. So for her, that's that's really, really tragic. And I think that that's something that Hawaii needs to continue to work on is accessibility, clarity in the law, figuring out ways to make sure that our laws truly are serving all of us equally, and that there's equity across the board in accessing reproductive health care. It's we're not at all, we're not at all as accessible as we think in regards to abortion here, regardless of what the laws may currently state. Thank you, Yvette. Kamala Harris said, means of women America will go to bed tonight without access to the health care and reproductive care they had this morning, without access to the same reproductive health care that their mothers and grandmothers had for 50 years. And she described that ruling as really a health care crisis. It is a health care crisis. I was born in 1961, when I was adopted and Ro became law in 1973, when I was in sixth grade. So for my, you know, I had my adoption experience. And then once I became older, abortion has always been legal in my lifetime to think that this is now illegal. And I don't remember how many states it is now, but it's, it's, it's just shot. It's a shocking fact. I don't need honestly, I don't even really know how to wrap my, my mind around it. When we were making signs for our last rally, I had to double check with some lawyers, because it's no longer proper language to say to say save row, because that's they've thrown it out, they've overturned it. Just even the way that we talk about it, it's all changed now to the way that to think that it so many times over the years, it was on the verge of being overturned. And every time it got saved, none of the previous justices wanted to put women through this. When all was said and done, they realized what an emergency this was going to be put on the country. It is too big to fail. It really is. We can't, we can't have have this happen to women. We, I don't even know how to think about it. Honestly, I'm really truly still tongue tied about it. It's so emotional for me. Very true. And Kiyokina. I mean, I'm really young. I'm only 16. If I were to get pregnant at this age, I'd probably have an abortion just because I'm not ready to have a child.  There's not, even though we do live in Hawaii where there's it's legal, there aren't as many resources. It's not free. It's expensive to get an abortion. And I'm looking up that I have access to contraceptives if I need them or anything like that. But it's so scary because my mother had the right to get an abortion if she wanted to. My sister did, my grandmother did for most of her life. And to have it taken away from me at such a, at such a young age, it's scary. All throughout this week, women here in Geneva have been actually protesting at the Palais de Nation, which is the, or the UN is located. They've been putting up posters on signs all over. And it is hard to believe it happened in our lifetime. And it's amazing that the court shouldn't even reconsider all the substantive due process precedents. I mean, if I'm with the vet a little bit, I knew and I, as well with you, Shannon, I know the leak document. But on when I was here in Geneva, and it hit me, I was at a conference looking at human rights around the world. You just sat there for a while trying to comprehend that it really happened. You knew that it said it could. But then what he then shared, even now you're like, surely, it couldn't be that fundamentalist in the United States, it's almost Taliban-esque. Think of it, but there is a patriarchy, global patriarchy around the world, that still would want to do something like this. As you said, Kiyokina, that has been around for grandmother, mother, and now you, it is hard to believe. And one thing I think that I, it reminds me of is, it's just this saying that we want to pass such a law, but that we don't put any resources than to assist people. It shows that it's just one ideology and not really caring, because we know that limiting abortion legally does not stop abortions from happening, and only risk more life. So that's a situation. And we also know that access to safe abortions is a public health issue. And the World Health Organization, which is just right up the road, added comprehensive abortion care to its list of essential health care services. So not unsafe abortions not only cost us life, they also cost our health care systems, millions of dollars, and forced abortion treatment. So it is just insane to think that that could be done. What are you doing? And what can women around the world do to change that devastation into determination, and the despair into dedication, Shannon? So I'm actually running for state house. I ran two years ago, but I'm even more motivated to run now. I received the Patsy team mink pack endorsement, which is an organization founded primarily their their sole focus actually is to elect pro choice democratic women in Hawaii. And based on Patsy minks legacy of fighting for these kind of equality and health care rights. And so I'm really grateful for that endorsement. And I'm continuing to do my work of educating our communities on the kind of inconsistencies that already exist in our laws, the language that we could use to strengthen our laws. And it's really beholden on our next group of legislators to step up. And hopefully our communities will hold them accountable. I love seeing people like Keokina involved. I think it's so important for the next generation to really step up. I appreciate all of your work, that but it's it's time to pass the torch and really motivate the next generation to get them involved, because most of them are the ones who could actually become pregnant and be directly affected by by these sort of laws that are getting passed now across the country. And people talk about maybe Hawaii being a safe haven, a place where people can come and get this these sort of procedures performed if they need them. And my concern with that is that we already have such a lack of medical care here, we have a lack of physician, your lack of funding that we really need to step up and make sure that we have properly funding these clinics, especially on our neighbor islands. So that's something that I'm directly fighting for is that I will be lobbying our legislators and make sure that we get some funding for reproductive health, education, and services on our neighbor islands. And if I'm if I'm able to be successful in my election, I'll be able to do that on a larger scale. But either way, I'm going to keep organizing in our community. We've done a bunch of signwavings and we're planning on continuing to do those to keep the momentum going and keep people engaged and informed about what steps they can take next. Thank you, Yvette. Well, what I'm really hoping is this is going to motivate voting. So we we have to the only way I guess we're going to be able to codify row is to get enough senators in there that will vote for it. And we also need to get rid of the filibuster and we need to pack the court. So all of these things have to happen. The court has gone so far to the right that the pendulum has swung so far to the right. I do think I do have a personal belief that it will swing back to some degree and we will get these things back. But if these things take time, in the meantime, I am assuming the rage that women are feeling is going to be the main motivating factor for voting, especially young women who for the for first time voters, and also the other other decisions that the Supreme Court is making that have to do with global warming and other things that really affect young people, I'm really, really hoping that young people are going to be the big push factor to keep Democrats in office to get more Senator Democratic senators. I do think the only way we're going to change this is by voting. I had been harboring the possibility of a general strike. I really support this idea, but being a retired financially secure woman, I know that and white woman too, I know that that I have an elite status that I can say, yes, let's all go on strike. But I don't know if we're going to get there. Now, if they had made abortion illegal country wide, maybe then there would be more gigantic motivation for something like that. But since it's like half the country, it's a little harder to do something like that, I think. But but I'm all for a general strike. I think we need to do something radical. Aside from that, if we can't really actually make that happen, then it's going to be all down to voting. And the way that in Kona, it's the side I do a lot of signwaving and the signwaving is really mostly for the community to see that that this issue matters to people here within the community. It's also a way for the people in the community to feel a little bit better. Because just even the act of going and doing a sign waving feels productive. It feels good. It feels happier amongst people who you agree with. And it's healing. So part of what we're going to need is a lot of healing so that we have the the energy. Sorry, I've got some birds over here in the cage. We we need the energy to be to be able to push ourselves forward because you know, everything is incremental. It takes time and they're not just going to give this right back to us. They fought for it.  And they're going to just get off that train and switch over to our party. I don't know if this is likely at all. I don't have any evidence of this, but something has to switch. It's gone way, way, way too far to the right. And it's going to the pendulum does have to shift back and it will. So I am hopeful. I'm always hopeful. That's good. I thought we're going to list the strata moment there or that we're looking at how to counter the handmade and pale. Right. Exactly. Kyokina, your perspective. Well, I can't vote yet, but I think that we should also focus on not only voting for people who are Democrats, people that say that they're going to protect our rights, but people that we can see that they'll take action, that they'll actually do what they say that we're that they're going to do because I feel like that's the problem that we've had, especially lately with some of our leaders that are higher up that say that they're going to that say that they're pro-choice that say that they're going to protect our right to abortion and they're not, you know, Biden had a lot of opportunities to codify Roe and he didn't. So I think that it's important that we remember that actions speak louder than words when we're voting. Thank you so much. And it seems so carintuitive that the sates and sexting on the strictest abortion ban also the least commitment to investing in maternal and child health care, economic and social supports, preventive services for at-risk families, child care and early child development. So this, of course, will unfortunately continue the situation where we see these states are actually the ones that lead the nation in the highest rate of child poverty and consistently break near the bottom for overall well-being of children. So if you love children and you're saying all these things, it doesn't even measure out when you look at the statistic of what's going on. And the other shocking part that sort of builds on what all three of you have shared, there isn't a single state where support for a federal ban on abortion has more than 30% support among the entire public. So that's why I think your different responses are exactly what everyone else is feeling. Shannon, you know, saying she's taking action, be that wondering a bit, but then getting out there with matriarchy rising, and Keohokina also going, you know, what's the next step? We've got to do almost everything. What do you think we should look at, especially when we look at what's happening? Because there's also an aspect of the ruling that's taking aim at the fundamental right to privacy, which is served as a legal foundation for advances in LGBTQI equality reproductive freedom. Because just yesterday we closed out Pride Month, and there was a giant gathering, not only outside over the weekend for Roe, but inside at the UN Human Rights Council, where all of the UN diplomats gathered to really protect, in this case, a independent expert on sexual orientation and gender identity. And here it was great to see the US, actually the US mission upon the hill is actually decked out with rainbow flags and the LGBTQIA flag is flying right below the US flag. And it's great to see the US back leading. But what do we need to do besides those symbolic Pride Month, which had the sunset yesterday? What do we need to look at going forward, and how can other people get involved to make a difference? Well, I think, Josh, what you just touched on a minute ago about the hypocrisy that exists is one of the biggest things that I continue to notice. Within those who are saying that they feel like this is something that they must do is protect the unborn, and yet they won't make any of the choices or decisions to protect those of us who are currently living. And so that, to me, is one of my biggest frustrations. And as far as what we can do, I don't know right now, sometimes it feels like an insurmountable gap. But I think continuing to have the conversations, continuing to try to call to light some of the hypocrisy, and continuing to stand up together and do the best we can to stay connected and motivated with each other, networking with each other and being willing to vote up and down the ballot for pro-choice leaders, I think is crucial. And I really like what Yvette said. I think we need to expand the court. I think that that's where rat the Supreme Court is taking away rights of the environment, rights of people, women, and I think they're coming for all the LGBTQ plus rights next. So I really think that it's important for us to stay vigilant and continue to fight back however we can. Yvette? Again, it's about voting. It's about motivation and voting. We need to find a way to make sure that people who want to vote are able to vote. I don't know what's going to happen with all the voting rights things that are going on about preventing people from vote, disenfranchising people, but people have to vote. And I mean, I think it's like a third of this country still doesn't vote. I mean, of legal age. So if we just could get people out there, as we say in every election, we could win, right? So we just that we expanding the court is so important and and and also ending the filibuster. I mean, we have that's only where we're going to be able to do any of these things is by ending the filibuster so that we don't have to get to 60 votes. It's ridiculous because it is minority rule right now. You're exactly right that it is about 30 percent of the country has these outrageous far right beliefs and they're ruling the country. They've managed to stack the court with these people. They've managed to gerrymander in areas and get all these crazy lunatics elected. And this is not a representation of the country. 70 something percent of the country is in favor of row, a codifying row. Nobody 70 70 something percent does not want to illegalize abortion or make it illegal or send people to jail doctors and and mothers and so forth. They don't want that. So it's just that these crazy people who just are completely sure of their own God and their own beliefs and all of this and forcing us to live this way. I still just don't understand why how they can get away with with the a religious issue and forcing everybody else to believe go have it. We can't have a have a country like this. But we are now this is where we're at. We are actually here. And I think we're going to see a lot more of it. So you know we're probably going to have to start praying in school any minute. Well that was another ruling this week. I know. I think that we need a lot more representation especially for people of color LGBTQ people women especially because right now we have all these old white men who they don't. They've never had kids. They can't get pregnant. And they are very privileged. A lot of them have a lot of money. So I think that we need to have people who understand. And who are affected by the laws that they're making. Thank you so much. And it is true. I mean globally only three countries Poland El Salvador and Uruguay have reversed course and remove rights. Where it's fifty nine countries have expanded abortion rights for citizens. So we have to get in line with what's going on for women around the world. And we thank all three of you for being involved. And we look forward to continue this conversation and making a difference in our democracy. Mahalo. Thank you so much. Thank you. Thank you so much for watching. Thank you so much for becoming a think tech Hawaii. If you like what we do please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook Instagram twitter and linked in and donate to us at thinktech Hawaii dot com Mahalo.