Welcome to Access a Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey guys, good morning everybody. Welcome to another edition of theaccessatrader.com. Weekend update show. Hope everybody is doing well. I wish I was doing a little bit better when fighting a flu bug, some sort of bug. I tested negative for COVID, but I feel like crap. Anyway, battle over through what can you do. You live, drink plenty of fluids, get some rest, Advil, Advil, Nyquil, Dayquil, Dogpills, everything in between. But again, life goes on in just a little speed bump along the way. So I'm going to try to make this video as quick as possible, just to kind of give you guys my little opinion and kind of what happens, what I think is going to happen on Monday. If you are brand new to the channel, thank you for watching, right? Thank you for watching. Consider coming aboard. Like, share, subscribe, all the good stuff that you can come by. I see exactly what we do, what we have to offer on a nightly basis and hopefully continue to take the journey to never-ending education and never-ending happiness because that's what Trader's Life is all about. So let's talk about it. This has been one of the weirdest sequences of control of a trend that I could remember in a very, very long time. Again, if you've been watching this broadcast for a long time, you know the importance of the 50-day moving average above the 50-day starts to trend to the upside, below the 50-day starts to trend to the downside. The problem is in the last month or so, there's been an incredible fight over control of the 50-day moving average for a number of weeks. And every single time you think it's going to go in that direction, there's an opposite event, whether it's Fed-driven, earnings-driven, whatever the case may be, there's an opposite event that takes the market the complete opposite way. So you can just see it just in the last couple of, just going from August, right? Here's where we lost the 50-day moving average, went down, we were below the 50-day for about, you know, three weeks. But above the 50-day started a really good five-day rally, you know, a little bit of gas. We came back in, tested the 50-day moving average, and then we lost it again, right? We lost it again two days in a row, now right at the 50-day moving average. So it's a really, really aggressive fight. And when you look at charts, and we'll get to some charts in a few minutes, we'll give you guys some ideas for Monday. But when you look at charts, especially in members of the NASDAQ 100, you'll see, you know, a really big disconnect between some of the leaders. So let me give you guys, give you a couple of examples, just because we're going above and below the 50-day moving average, nonstop on the last three days, the last three weeks. So you have Amazon, right? Amazon is above the 50-day moving average and looks great, right? It looks absolutely great.  We saw this week, for next week, the 140s, the 145s. We saw some 150s for September and October. A name like Microsoft looks great as well, right? It looks absolutely great. It's just continuing to form a little bit of flag here above the 50-day moving average, had a really rock star type of scenario. And then you go back to the other, you know, the other spectrum, you know, a lot of NASDAQ 100 names just don't look good right now. You have AMD, right? AMD is below the 50-day moving average. And you see this whole range here? It's trying to hold on to this range here, but if it starts losing this range here, it's going to go back down to the 150-day moving average. Again, not good. Look at a name, for example, like NVIDIA. And NVIDIA should be, if you trade, if you trade high beta mega cap names, and we'll go over a majority of the symbols, this should be something you're definitely, it should be monitoring going into this week. It's now holding the bottom of the range on the 50-day moving average, okay? For all you guys who know the significance of the day that a stock reclaims the 50-day or loses the 50-day, you know the importance of what might potentially happen to NVIDIA if it loses the 50-day moving average. We'll get to that in a second. A name like Tesla, right? A name like Tesla. And you could turn around and, you know, again, you can make a case both ways. There's a bull flag, there's a bear flag. Well, Dan, how could it be a bear flag? I'll get to that in a second. You know, the stock had one big move, now it's just consolidating, right? But yet, here's the other side of the equation. It's consolidating below the 50-day moving average. So there's a lot of names that you can really have a conversation this weekend with another trader, a group of trader, your friends, whatever the case may be, that stocks appear to be bullish or bearish. So if you look at the indexes through the week, you see the S&P down 1.3%. You see NASDAQ down 1.9% and the Dow down 0.8%. But more important is where these indexes are to start the week. Right now, the QQQs are sitting right at the 50-day moving average. So any little, you know, any little nudge, like the close below, is going to be very, very important. The SPAS-PYs are below the 50-day moving average and got rejected on the 5 on Friday. And the Dow Jones will use the diamonds as a proxy. The Dow now is building three days in a row below the 50-day moving average as well. And the question is now, what's going to drive prices? Right? And again, that's always an honest question that every single trader should be asking because you need a catalyst. Now that the earnings season is out of the way and we thought, well, now they did a great job. They reclaimed the 50-day moving average. We're going to rally. And now the fact that we gave it all back, the question is, well, what happens next? That's a great question. And again, granted, we have a lot of Fed, CPI, PPI is all coming down the line. We have all this, you know, non-farm data, NFP, all that stuff, right? All that stuff that's so confusing to everybody because how could one data be perceived differently than the next day's data? But that's what we are. That's kind of the world we live in. So the question is, what happens next? And that's the hardest part. We don't know, right? We don't know. That's why I always say, take it day by day, right? I'm not a smart guy. I don't pretend to be a smart guy. I'm not, you know, I'm not trying to predict the future. I'm trying to win the next day, right? Getting a series of ideas, setups that I feel comfortable trading on both sides of the market that I'm not, you know, that I'm not pinned into a corner, trapped into a corner that I am unprepared. And if one side of the market doesn't confirm I'm doing nothing on the other side of the market by, you know, twiddling my nails, I'm prepared. And that's the whole point. We want to be prepared on both sides. So going into this week, I think you have to keep your eyes open on both sides moved because the one thing we did see throughout the week is every single time the market tried to rally and it was aggressive. Again, you saw the charts of Microsoft and Amazon, they look great, right? And then you have a whole bunch of names like Apple. There's just been just death, right? Just absolute death. The China news is not helping out. So it's very, very tough to get excited when the leaders are split in half. But that's kind of the theme going into this week. So we have to just, especially for Monday, you have to have the ability to kind of let the market filter out the noise for the first half hour because again, you want to see a trend develop. If the market is going to be strong, you want to see the bulls take a couple of kidney punches to the gut to make sure, you know, to make sure that, you know, they're withstanding a body blow and continue to brush off bad news to go higher. At the same time, if you believe that the index is starting to build back below the 50-day moving average, which is supply, you want to pay attention to the weak names that can't rally on the first rule of the features. So my advice in the first half hour of the day, 20 minutes, half hour of the day, let the noise die out. Again, there's always that exuberance of excitement, the new traders, we always tongue in cheek, mock them with, you know, nothing malicious, obviously, just, you know, good nature ribbing of is it Monday, Tuesday? Okay, so that too shall pass, trust me. But, you know, let the testosterone, let all that nervous energy die out in the first 20, 30 minutes, let the market tell you what is happening, watch the options market, watch the option flow. If they're coming in with, you know, deep, out-of-the-money calls with short-term expiration over and over and over and your favorite code names, usually good things are going to happen. If they start coming for the out-of-the-money, deep, you know, out-of-the-money put buying with short-term expiration on your favorite names, well, pay attention to that too. And again, you always want to be prepared on both sides of the market, have the ability to trade both sides of the market and have the ability to enter those trades with full confidence and full conviction. So let me give you guys some names that I am watching because, again, as you can tell by my face and my voice, I just don't feel well. I'm going to go back to bed after I'm done and try to get, you know, try to rest up and hopefully be 100% going into next week. So let me give you guys some ideas. Microsoft has been very, very strong, very, very strong. Even when, you know, even when the market is getting hit, had a really bad day on Friday, the only reason why the stock stopped is this upper Bollinger band. So if the market is strong, you want to watch Microsoft. Again, this is one of, you know, one of the four horsemen. This is one of the leaders that look incredibly good. You want to watch Amazon. You know, Amazon is one of the very few names that are well above the 50-day moving average and they're building, right? This is the highest close formation in this whole move. Again, if the market continues to be strong, pay attention to the Amazon. You know, watch the highs from September 1st and then obviously watch macro highs if the market can reclaim back the 50-day moving average and start going in that direction. Look at a name, for example, like IONQ, right? This has been one of the, you know, one of the nice surprises of 2023. I have no idea what this thing is, but we've traded it a number of times. Again, another name that is above the 50-day moving average and it's a stull throws away from taking out the top of the range. And if it does take out the top of the range and the market continues to rally, this thing could wake up as well. Again, nice looking chart.  Okay. Tesla is definitely a purgatory name and the only reason why, again, there is a flag building and I think we could all agree on that here. Here's your shaft or staff. That's what she said. But you could see a building, right? The question is, is this a bull build? Right? Is this a bull market build or is this a bear market build? Again, you can make that argument that, hey, it's a bullish formation, but hey, it's been rejected off the 50-day moving average now, you know, three out of the last six days. So it's one of those scenarios that it's getting super, super tight and eventually it's either going to confirm the top of the range or the bottom of the range. Again, you can make that case for every stock, but not every single stock is this tight and that's the whole point. Tesla eventually is going to make a really, really aggressive move. I'm assuming it's going to happen at some point this week. It's very, very rare a stock continues to build in this type formation with the market showing the volatility waves that it has gaining and losing the 50-day moving average, but definitely, definitely watch it. Obviously, I trade Tesla both ways. It's my favorite stock. It's always my biggest position. So keep an eye on this thing on the bottom of the range here, right? The bottom of the range here above the 20-day moving average and keep this obviously an effective reclaim the 50, right? If we can reclaim the 50, that's when potential to the upside begins. Here's the one name I definitely, well, let me give you guys a couple more names. Look at AYX. AYX, the reason why the run-up, there was rumors that they put themselves up for sale. Keep an eye on this thing. This thing is just sitting here, right? It never sold off, and this is one of those things you have to pay attention to. It never sold off after the initial pop on chatter. Look how close this thing is to the 50-day. Watch this AYX, okay? If this thing starts popping above and reclaims back the 50-day moving average and you get another surge of headlines that potentially could put itself up for sale, you never know. You can get a pretty good move here. Let me give you guys a couple of names to the downside I really like. Guys, watch Chewy. This is always my favorite setup. My favorite setup is always the earnings lows. Chewy has been an incredibly aggressive destruction stock since July. You can see that. Stock, again, got hit on earnings. Guys, watch the bottom channel here. If it starts losing the earnings lows, I understand the stock already had a big move, but if the market gets pulled, I mean this thing, again, you want to shoot the wounded animal. Maybe it's a bad example.  Is it Peter? I don't know. I'm sick. Don't take anything I'm saying seriously. Anyway, so Chewy, watch the bottom of the range here. Earnings lows. This thing starts confirming earnings lows. You could have another two, three, four days of downside. Let's talk about the last one. Last but not least is Levidia. So you've seen this nonsense news, and maybe it's not nonsense. Okay, I don't want to say that, but I've always joked around about Levidia and that the running joke has been, you guys noticed that Levidia is always the stock that's on the forefront of every revolution, right? AI revolution.   They're the leader of video, right? I always joke around that and I say, well, imagine, you know, imagine if something shies these going on. I will obviously don't believe that. I'm like, you know, I'm saying that for, for effect, right? You know, obviously I'm not, I don't believe that on the surface. Is it possible? Everything is possible. Apparently this week somebody, and I think 22, 23 years old, published some sort of article on social media. It's been making the rounds. Talking about Levidia is, you know, is a fraud, is this that? Slow your roll.  I'm trading longer than you're alive.  So let's take that out of the way. I think a lot of people run with negativity and nonsense to push their own narrative, to push their own agenda. There's nothing been, there's nothing on the surface that suggests that the stock is a fraud. So let's, let's take that out of the way. And then you see somebody else tweeting out, well, the CEO, you know, the CEO of the company, you know, CEO of the company has sold $40 million worth of stock. Guys, the stock is up 200%. Of course you're going to see sells. What are you kidding me? You have people on social media trading for three cents. The CEO is making $40 million worth of sales after a 200, 220% run up in the stock in a year. Nobody's going to be buying the stock. You're not going to see an insider buy the stock after a 200% run up. They're taking money off the table and it's scheduled sales. Let's not get to start talking about the Oliver Stone conspiracy theories. If there's something down the road, there's something down the road, but slow your roll, right? Slow your roll, let things play out. Having said that, right? Having said all that. And the video is very, very close here. You see how it's just sitting here on the 50-day moving average folks, right? Everybody see that? The 50-day moving average is pretty damn important. When it lost it for a couple of days, when it lost it for a couple of days in, in, what is it, in July, the stock went from 443 to 403. You see that? It lost 40 points. You see that, you see that light blue line? That's the 50-day, okay? So that's kind of, that's kind of putting that into your brain for a second, right? So here's the 50-day moving average. You see how it's just sitting here? Forget about, you know, what somebody says on social media, cooking the books all nonsense, right? Until that happens, it's all nonsense. But watch the 50-day, okay? If NVIDIA starts losing the 50-day on the close, yeah. I mean, this was a small sample size all the way in, in, in July. So it had 40-point moving July to the downside. Watch NVIDIA this week. It doesn't have to happen on Monday. It doesn't have to happen on Tuesday. It doesn't have to happen on Thursday. It doesn't have to happen. Maybe the stock holds this whole level and starts moving higher. But my point is be prepared, right? Watch the bottom channel here. If NVIDIA starts losing the 50-day moving average, there is going to be a problem. And you're not going to want to buy that first-day dip, trust me. So, you know, guys, have a great remainder of your Sunday, Saturday, today is Saturday, right? Yeah. I'm recording. I don't even know what day this is. I'm recording this on Saturday, at 10.13 in the morning. Listen, who knows what's going to happen over the weekend? Some news, not news. But the point is, guys, stay healthy. So I try to do, get myself back into 100% for the week. Be good to people. Live life with kindness, with empathy, with a smile on your face, and life just tastes a little bit better. Guys, God bless. Stay blessed. I'll see you all next week. Take care.


So this is the question I have received. Since that day everybody saw that you were using a lot of palm tops for citation judgments or to maintain that diary whether you would like that it should be year wise, subject wise, references wise. How do you put it across? You have to put it in the form of a different say article 14. In article 14 there are different headings. It could be article 14 unreasonable list of the cases. Article 14 arbitrariness list of the case. Keep it in one place. It may need not be no palm top is out of work since the last 2005 they have stopped manufacturing it. You have to keep a maintain a diary or keep it in your mobile phone itself. There are notes. There are ever note. There are several apps where you can store them. It becomes easy from there. It's like leapfrogging from there. You need not reinvent the wheel. As they say, you need not reinvent the wheel every time. If you keep all this articles, no, I was giving you the example article 14 arbitrariness article 14 unreasonableness article 14 equals being treated equally. Unequals being treated unequally. If equals are treated unequally, it is arbitrariness or it is violated article 14. If unequals are treated equally again and it's arbitrariness. Different things you keep setting out and maintaining the diary. There is no hard and fast rule. But why I am using the palm top or why I would want you to use the apps? Search becomes easy. And when a judge asks a question, you must be able to immediately give him the citation. He'll go gaga over you. That is how you develop your skills. That is how you start endearing yourself to the judge. That is how the judge will always be more attentive to you. In fact, let me give you an illustration. Years back, there was one judge, very stentorian. This was hardly and I was hardly about seven years in the bar, seven or eight years. I had some three juniors. And they were telling me that this judge never smiles. And I said, doesn't matter. And ultimately, you know, from my decision, he became the high court judge also. I said, all right, one day I'll come. I will argue a matter. So I went there. I was prepared well. And for the first time they said, we see him smiling. Why? Because every question that he asked, I had an answer. And I presented it so well that he appreciated it. He was one of those persons who wanted the lawyer to be fully prepared. Any laxity, he would do not frown upon you. So that is what every lawyer must do. Be prepared, read well, know the law completely, read the facts.


Hello and welcome to this special CUBE conversation. I'm John Furrier here in the Palo Alto CUBE studios in heart of Silicon Valley. I'm your host of theCUBE. We're here with Howie Xu, CUBE contributor, always part of our super cloud events. Friend of theCUBE's been a CUBE alumni so many times, senior executive, been an entrepreneur at early days at VMware, done many things, legend, great to see you as always. Good to see you. Always having great commentary, great to see you. Yep, first time in 2024 and happy year of Dragon to you and everyone. It's going to be a year of the Dragon. Super cloud six coming up. It's going to be very focused on startups. We'll see you there. And I know you got a lot of interviews lined up. I'm going to line up a few entrepreneurs, executives as well. I love having you on theCUBE and the CUBE community because you're doing interviews. You're actually a host now. You're kind of quasi host, but you're also senior executive, entrepreneur and technologist. So I love the way you put those panels together. So I want to say thank you. All right, let's get to it. We are talking about AI and Gen AI and hot updates from the field. I follow you on Twitter and LinkedIn. You're all over the, pounding the pavement virtually and physically in Silicon Valley and beyond. What are you seeing right now? We're seeing a lot of action, a lot's changed in the past few months. One, everyone's funding's through the roof, but the landscape is starting to emerge. You're seeing the open source models getting up in functionality and adoption, almost closing in on the proprietary models. Look at the graph of adoption. We're seeing some hot startups, Google's announcing new context window with their Vertex Gemini product. What are you seeing? Gemini Pro 1.5 yesterday, right? A huge deal, one million tokens and then 10 million tokens in testing. So it's huge for the large language model. And then of course, on the same day, Open AI announced Sora, which kind of got the, I was joking with people, attention is all you need, right? They got all the attention, but give them the credit, right? Both Google and Open AI, amazing models, amazing progress. It's a lot of hype cycled, everyone's hyping themselves up. Sam Altman is the ultimate PT Barnum in this market right now because he's actually kind of run the circus. That is the AI circus right now. He's got the chip conversation going. Seven trillion. Seven trillion with a T. And he, he, he- Have you ever seen that before, by the way? He upgraded to eight trillion yesterday on T. Have you ever seen a press release or a new story that had the word trillion in it? In terms of investment? Yeah, to be honest, you know, like probably like everyone else, right? You know, when I saw the new seven trillion, I thought, wow, seven billion, you're kidding me. Why seven billion? That was my first impression. And then, you know, literally it's the T, right? Yeah. T stands for trolling, by the way too as well. So he definitely is trolling the media. And I think his point is, I think his point is, look, we're thinking big. And I think that, I mean, I think the numbers be yes in my opinion. If you look at the numbers, there's no way that's ever going to happen in our lifetime, because that's the whole world, population, valuation, all the tech... 10% of the GDP, the entire world's GDP. By the way, this is how much he wanted to raise. The valuation would be, what? 10 times of that. So that's entire world's GDP. Okay, so he did troll everyone and the press falls for it. I mean, they'll fall for anything these days. But the point is, I think it speaks to the magnitude and scope of this opportunity, how we, you and I have been talking on camera and off camera about the ways we've been involved in. And this wave in particular is a large inflection point. This is, from an order of magnitude standpoint, it is almost hyperbole if you didn't believe it yourself that this wave is actually very, very big. And it's changing a lot. And then just changing every day. It's just a huge opportunity. Yeah, I think there are two sides of the coins here. You said it's a BS, get to that in a second. The trillion, I said it's BS. A trillion, yes. Not the way. The, look, I think where he came from, I can see where he came from. They just released the SORA, the model. And then everyone was amazed by it. Guess what? He can easily, easily use 100x of the computing power he has today. So with that, two out of magnitude or three out of magnitude, that's 7 trillion. So I don't think it's sort of a completely irrational if you look at a front demand point of view. He can easily consume 100x, perhaps 1,000x computing power. But on the other hand, from a technology point of view, it's more than just the GPU. Once you have the GPU, how do you stand that up? You need the space, you need the power, you need the cooling. It takes forever to even build that out. One of my friends is from one of the big cloud service providers. I met him over the weekend. And he said, everyone's busy just scooping the data center. The bottleneck is actually the space and the cooling and the power, not just the GPU. So I think that's something for people to keep in mind. And then another anecdotal thing he shared was, literally, he's a senior executive negotiating this deal with the data center of nowhere. That's where most of the data center would come from. And guess what? Satya would fly to this nowhere and bring the check. And in front of the people, I said, I'm here. I can sign the check right now. You have the CEO of Microsoft do that sort of the things. You can see that how big the data center is, the space is, the cooling is, the power is, besides just the GPU. So just to add that perspective. And also, I know you've been talking a lot with them. You're going to have Harrison on Chase from LangChain coming on theCUBE. You're going to host a panel with him and among other startups. They just had news. LangChain is now generally available. Yesterday. I love that company. I've been following him on Twitter. There's a bunch of other companies doing a lot of rag and a lot of retrieval augmentation generation stuff. And so there's a lot happening and people are trying to figure out, do I do embeds? Do I have vector databases? Where do I hold stuff? What do I have with the data? Do I need to be an AI company to take advantage of my data using retrieval? So there's a whole now plethora of conversations about that. And then the basic stuff like, where do I host this stuff? Because Lama's great, but you got to host it. And is it worth hosting if you just go to open AI? So again, you're starting to see things form on the landscape that we can see out in the battlefield, out in the valley of opportunity here. What are you seeing is getting most traction. Are people hosting and adopting and they're building their own? Are they going to use the managed services? What are you seeing? What are the approaches? I mean, there are two things. One is the frontier model versus the open source model. Open source model is advancing. Lama II was released mid-2023, actually got an ecosystem gravitated towards that, which is actually pretty good. But then, use of Mistro came out towards the end of the 2023 and it came from nowhere. And then now it was part of the talk of the town for the last few months as well. So I do think that the ecosystem of the open sources has life. But then the frontier model guys, just to have too many GPUs, have too much space and the power and the cooling down of what I was talking about, they can afford. I mean, obviously they have the talent, but they could afford to train the large model. And then I think the smaller guys whether open source or one-out, they have an issue. I mean, Meta is going to spend $10 billion on GPU alone. And then I was looking at an earning report of the Google, 11 billion dollar, and an earning report of Microsoft, just one quarter, 11 billion dollar for the CapEx. And then they said that they are going to have step-functioning increase for the CapEx. So I think the service providers, the host data guys has an advantage because they have the cards, they have the space, they have the cooling. The hyperscalers have great advantage. They have great advantage. I mean, look at Meta, Meta just announced Hop-Tan, CEO of Broadcom on their board as well as Guy John Arnold. Both have different experiences. They bring to Meta. And with Lama and the success that Zuckerberg's having, and he's got a huge platform. He's got a lot of data too with WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook with the large scale. They could be the next Amazonian. It's a very small move, right? Hock just, not just the hardware perspective, the Broadcom, but also Hock-Tan has a lot of, is a very financially disciplined guy, right? Can bring that perspective to Meta. So I think it's going to be a great addition. The chips, the apps, it's going to be great to see. And also the cooling and energy required is another constraint. So it's going to be hard to get into this hosting game if the barriers to entry is so high. And that's why I kind of liked this efficiency that we're seeing on the open source side that we can run it on a mobile phone or a Dell computer. You can start to see that kind of configuration which should open up the edge and maybe personal devices. Yeah, I think it bears, it leads to a question. What is the generative AI native applications, right? So far everything we talked about is still the kind of applications that came out of the last generation. Do we even know what is the generative AI native applications, right? Should that just be a chatbot? I think it's going to be a lot beyond that. But what is that, right? That's a, I guess a trillion dollar question, not even not just a million dollar question, right? So I think a look, it's just like going to be like internet era you and I went through, right? First, it's the infrastructure guys, you know, taking advantage of, right? You have Cisco of the world, right? You know, Cisco at one point was the largest market cap company, you know, in May 2020, actually, believe it or not, right? And, you know, NVIDIA is going to follow a very similar path. They are going to benefit from that, right? You know, when internet first boomed, you know, NVIDIA is just like going to be the Cisco of the world of 20 some years ago, right? But after that, there will be the, you know, internet native applications, right? YouTube of the world, right? You know, cloud mobile of the sort of native applications. I don't think that we have seen, you know, we even understand what is the gen AI native applications? But I think we don't have to wait for 10 years. That's a good news. You're learning, you're seeing fast. So let's jump into that because I think that's a great point. What does that even mean? So if you look at like the trends, infrastructure investments are high right now in the enterprise and in startups. So to see people figuring out, people are going to need to host stuff, either foundation models or whatever data of their own with a model. CNBC has had an article last December, right? You know, lots of profits for NVIDIA, lots of, you know, hefty experiments for the rest. And then Wall Street Journal, an article yesterday, it said the co-pilot revenue is dropping a little bit. Some people are turning it off. Maybe aren't that happy with it. Dave and I had a big debate on the cube part of that. I was saying that's just the fluke. I think people are going to continue to see that subscription work, but that's a different story. So you get the infrastructure piece. Then you have people with data so that don't need to have AI per se or a model. So if you look at the power law that we've been saying that the power law curve, the long tail will be companies with data that just might want to do RAG or retrieval augmentation generation, that's it. And don't need a model because their language is good. It's pure parochial, proprietary, or their own IP. But they can integrate that with other workflows or models. So you start to see this notion of mashing up models. Look, every Fortune 500 company is doing some kind of the co-pilot, some kind of their chatbot, some level of the RAG, right? You know, maybe it was a little bit fun tuning, but RAG is almost the table steak for everyone. So everyone is doing that, right? I personally don't view RAG as the generic native applications. I mean, it's very much like in the early days of internet, everyone just bring their goods, used to be on the physical floor, right? You know, bring that to online. So call it e-commerce, right? That's one way to look at it. But I think we can do a lot better than that. So RAG is like the first step, right? It's the, I wouldn't say easy. It's like the content. To use a web analogy, if I'm a content producer, I host my web page somewhere. And move things. I sort of digitize my goods on the web page, right? But I think- And you AI your goods with or embed. You make it compatible with other things. Do you see it the same way or not? I see it the same way. I think with the enterprise, because you and I look into the enterprise companies a little bit more, right? So with the enterprise, it's a little bit harder than the initial version of the internet e-commerce because the control, because when you do the RAG, right? What's the answer? Hallucination, you know, how do you control, right? The AI is there are some unpredictable part of the large language model, right? So people want to have some control of it, right? You know, whether for safety reason, for the quality reason. And it's unlike the traditional software. You can write a piece of code and then just to put the boundary here, right? The boundary is harder to sort of rain and then to control. So that's why this thing, this time, right? The RAG, people started a Fortune 500 a company started a RAG experiment about a year ago. And then they thought, you know, by the end of 2023 they all have production stuff. But that didn't come- That didn't turn into- It's embryonic. There's no observability. How do you figure out memory? What's the answer? Can you repeat it? Can you catch? There's no real system yet. It's still growing. Observability, safety, security, you're right. Privacy, rights. And then we haven't talked about the cost and the latency, all that sort of things yet, right? So I think it would take another year or two for those in the RAG-based system to be in production. When I say in production, not just serving internal people, but also serving external audience and make money off that thing. The big question that everyone's asking themselves and I'll ask you this question because I know you have a good answer is I got to make investments. I'm a year into this, I've been entire kicking, I've been laying down some experiments. Never a bad experiment as I always say, but now you got to start putting some, the rubber to the road, meat on the bone, whatever you want to call it. People have to start producing some directional evidence that there's a pony in there somewhere with AI. So what do you see as best practices of people that are knocking down good use cases or best practices to get value, whether you're an enterprise or even a startup? So where's the startup action, number one? And two, where's the enterprise businesses getting value from AI? What are you seeing in those two areas? Let's start with the startups. Yeah, look, we are living Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley is a bubble by itself. There are two things, there are two routes for people to do. One is do something to entertain the audience within the bubble and then do something outside the bubble. I tend to believe that there are probably more opportunities outside the bubble because within the bubble, a lot of the functionality, a lot of the things people can do, I would say Google can do it, Amazon can do it, and then Microsoft can do it. Why you need a startup to fill that gap? I'm not saying there's no sort of gap, but that's sort of, but outside of that bubble, there is a, I mean, Silicon Valley has what? 5% of the companies on the planet, or maybe at most, but there are so many traditional companies, right? They actually, they barely have a lot of the digitization stuff done.  I think there's a lot more potential, a lot more things to be done over there. That's sort of how I see it. You know, I always view pharmaceutical. I always view the startup. Drug discovery. I always view the startup opportunities in markets where Andy Grove used to call that blurry collision between two worlds as the atoms collide. He had a famous talk at MIT, talk about when your markets are in transition. You have this kind of like weird state, not yet seen, but the visionary see it first. The best ideas are often the ones that are weird or look different. And I think this whole idea of, well, the cloud guys could do everything. Why even start a company? Because Amazon could do it, or Google could do it. So there's always a contrarian entrepreneur out there who's going to say, no, no, what I'm going to do, we're going to be game changing. So there has to be something out there. There has to be something, but your workflows as a data is something new, what is that thing? Yeah, and I would say something controversial here. If this is a pure rag, I think that's the opportunity that sort of belongs to Google and then Microsoft of the world. It has to be beyond the rag. I think a rag is a table stake. It's not, just because you do rag rights, I don't know that's a company, that's a generational company. But it has to be- It's a feature. It's a feature, it's something that, I mean, we haven't solved that problem, right? This is a weird, right? As much as, you know, I say this is kind of a, it's not commoditized, right? Everyone can spend three months and then get a rag to be right 60%, 70% within three months, but from 65% to 95%, it's an up-to-date battle. There's a lot of prompt engineering required to tune rag or embeddings. You're not really tuning it in the classic sense of tuning AI, but you have to kind of play with the data and iterate through. Play with the data, right? And then also the model is evolving, right?  How come it's different today, right? Can we have memory for that, just like, we got the right answer, store it. Yes, yes. But this is what's different, it's generative. Yeah, I think this is, you know, this is the word that was used, right? It's hard to put a control on the software. I mean, in the past, you write a piece of code if then else, right? You know, we software engineers know exactly what to expect, but this time around, right? You write a code, what you expect out of it is not something you have definitive answer for that, right? Part of that is because the entire software also depends on the data flowing, right?  So I think it's a paradigm shift. How you write a software, how you test the software, how you observe and then secure the software, it's all different. What do you see that's different for people watching this, or listening to this interview? You've built things in multiple generations of tech, so we're now in this next wave. What are people doing differently from a startup building perspective? How is the engineering different? Is there anything noticeable in how people are starting projects, execution? Again, we've heard all the best practices of, hey, if you want to get a product market fit, get three engineers, no more than three, and solve a problem quick and then scale it. What are you seeing now as kind of? I brought up this concept about a year ago, solopreneur, sort of the concept, right? And I think it turned out to be more and more true if you look at some of the amazing or very interesting companies, they only have five people, right? By the time they launched the interesting product. And I think partially because of the AI, right? A lot of the low code and no code. And also a lot of that is because the foundation model is allowing you to launch something very interesting. I think the solopreneur sort of the concept is going to be more true. Again, when I mentioned the solopreneur, it doesn't mean solo, solo, right? It's much smaller. Get some great guys who can code great together. They do great magical things and you nail the product market fit. Right, right. Get the market entry, which is the hard part with the business model. Yeah, one of my friends came to me a few months ago and said, hey, let's do a startup, do this and a that. And by the way, I'm going to have certain pieces, outsource, the this way and the that way. And I told him that we need to rethink about this. If you wanted to do this, right? Maybe a lot of things that five years ago, this is the outsourcing part. Now it's actually not an outsourcing part, right? This is rethink about this, you know? I don't know what's the latest with my friend, but you know, hopefully he gives some thought about this. Yeah, Amazon had the two pizza teams, but I think more and more, I'm seeing more of, hey, give me three of us. We have an eye on Beachhead for a product market fit. Let's go code it great, test it, get validation, then reassess where they are, whether it's technical debt or more features, nail it first, get great coding rather than this big idea, move fast. So speed becomes a big part of this. Yeah, the other thing is, you know, you see some of the companies, OpenAI included, right? They only have 500, 600 people, but they didn't count that the people who labeled the data for them or the contractors. So I've been engaging a few companies, right? You know, say, hey, how many people you have? Okay, 100 or 500, however many, right? Okay, so well, we have, you know, 10 times more or five times more contractors doing, just with that one narrow thing. That's a very interesting phenomenon, right?  So that's kind of a, you know, you're asking me, hey, how are you, what are you up to?   He or she, this market is beautiful for an entrepreneur out there. Oh, this is good for entrepreneur. And then for the, you know, like you said, right? You know, for the younger generation, I was looking at the authors of the Sora, you know, the technical notes, right? Some of the guys just got off the PhD just last year, right? So they were able to lead such an interesting project like a Sora, so. Well, I mean, I also joke, I used the 25 reference because I wish I was 25 again. That's my personal thing, but, you know, if you look at the entrepreneur activity, a lot of systems guys from our generation are really contributing to companies because either as entrepreneurs or advisors, because we grew up in the old days of systems, we had to build everything. Now, we remember back in the 80s, you know, it was all about systems.  And now I think with the cloud and now on premise with AI going distributed, that system mindset, the systems thinking is a big part of that. What's your reaction? What are you seeing? Are you seeing that translating into this new generation? Are they thinking like systems thinkers? You speak design thinking, then agile startup, then it's like, now it's more, I call systems thinking. What do you, what's your reaction?  I wanna say, this time around, right, there's a little bit rushed so far in that, you know, there hasn't been enough or, yeah, there hasn't been enough of the system thinking in that large language model world at least based on what I observed, right? That's number one. Number two, ultimately, like you said, right? You know, no matter what, it's computer science, right? It's sort of the, it's the same principle we apply generation after generation after generation. So I don't have any doubt that, you know, people with the system level thinking will still have job to do more than just, other than the data labeling career. So a couple of key news I want to end out on one, Gemini from Google Cloud, huge context window, the 1.5 Pro of Gemini, which is part of the Vertex family of AI products. One million tokens. Yeah, one million tokens. That's about equivalent to one hour of video, 11 hours of audio, code based with over 3,000, 30,000 lines of code or over 700,000 words. So this is, again, the innovation we're seeing. What do you see this going next? What are you excited about in this market? Because again, as this continues to go, more and more innovations coming, more context window means more tokens are available, which has been a big problem now. It's going to open up more.  What does that mean to entrepreneurs, right? That's sort of the world that we are rooting for.  And you need so much resource, so much, you know, that foundation model. But the good thing is the foundation model, to me, is just like a new generation of the cloud. You know, you and I discussed it, right?  I think at this point, most people would agree to that. At first, the people were, oh, this is the new Google search. But guess what? A year later, being didn't move the needle at all, they may increase the 1% market share, that's about it. But the cloud is a different thing. To me, like we went from, you know, we're still in the middle of that, right? You know, the traditional definition of the cloud to intelligent cloud, right? To me, the foundation model is just to give, you know, make the cloud 10 times, 100 times more intelligent. Which means that people on that cloud can build interesting applications. But we are at that tipping point, we are at that juncture, right? Perplexity is more like a search engine there, but they're like, but that's an application. I mean, to your point, data is the ultimate thing that's happening. We're talking about here data, right? At the end of the day. Alvin is a great entrepreneur, right? You know, PhD from Berkeley. But still, you know, it's still way too early to declare victories. Yeah, yeah. Not a bad product. Again, you don't know who's going to do it. I think my overall thing is, you know, with the new cloud, right? 10 times, you know, not just 10 times, 1,000 times better than the previous generation cloud. What applications are we going to build? From enterprise point of view, from consumer point of view, I think we are still confused. When I say we are confused, we are still in the middle of searching for that thing.  That everyone see the potential of internet. Clearly, you know, you can do so many amazing things. Early winners come out and- But as soon as you put the YouTube kind of workload on it, you know, you are going to suffer, right? Performances, you know? You don't have your broadband yet.  It was, you know, for the internet, it took a few more years for us to see YouTube- It's like a child saying, I want to be a professional basketball player. Well, you can hope that, but you're not tall enough yet, or I want to be a musician, pro musician. Just need to evolve. I mean, this is evolutionary, not so much, it's embryonic, it's early days. So it's, to your point, like the web. But okay, let's take that next level. What happens next? Do we see things where people have, with data get the value? I was just talking to someone about Mobile World Congress. We're going to be going to MWC in Barcelona. We're talking about 5G and the answer was, hey, that's data. It's a technology that has a lot of data around it. Well, wouldn't it be great to make that a model, like its own foundation model? There are two angles for the data, right? One is the data we already have, right?  But the other angle is actually have more synthetic data or more data generated out of the data, right?  So I think that there is the raw data, you know, internet data, that sort of things, but then there is curated data, or the analyzed data, or the synthetic data based on the raw data. I tend to believe that, you know, moving forward, right?  Like SORAP, I don't know they give all the details, but I think that the wide speculation, that the speculation from the expert is that a lot of the data they use, there's a synthetic data, not just because, for the kind of the data you need to use to train, it's a pretty rare, it's not enough, so they got to have so much, you know, synthetic data as part of the model training. So I think that the synthetic data, the new data, or the, you know, derived data is something, I suspect, more interesting. I think you're right on that, and I would say to your point about, people think it's about Google searchers of the cloud, search is just a utility for insight, getting something fast, discovering something. Cloud-enabled data allows you to get insights, whether it's using synthetic data, raw data, data in a new way that no one's ever seen before. So I think it's, the search thing's interesting because that's just an application of the web, discovering things that's powered by, essentially, a lot of data center, but interesting experience. To that point, Elad Gilles has a tweet, he says, 20 hours ago he wrote a tweet. Working in AI right now feels like the early slope leading into the singularity. So much happening so quickly, it's got a lot of images on there. So speed is fast, unlike the web, it took a couple years, the internet days with the web from the 90s, and then it really accelerated the bubble pops in 2001. But everything, from the next decade, everything happened, that was promised, it kind of came. So where are we now? It took a decade. It took a decade, you seeing that shrink, or is it still going to be a decade? We are on the compressed schedule. I think it's going to be, this is where at an interesting, very interesting juncture. The technology is actually evolving faster than even some of the most optimistic VCs has been sort of estimating, right? Who would have thought, opening AI was able to launch Sora yesterday, this level 60 seconds, a pretty interesting video, right? Gemini is going to support one million token yesterday, right? We are just not even full two months into it, right? Just a month and a half into the 2024. I think even very optimistic VCs didn't anticipate that. So on the one hand, the technology evolved faster than even the very optimistic people estimated. But on the other hand, I also have to say, this is obvious to everyone, right? Landing that, making that a real use case, right? Making a difference, and then it's still slow and it's not there, right? Well, Howie, great to have you on. We've got news on SiliconANGLE right now, Anthropic rolling out new features for combating election information. A lot of things happening super fast. Great to have you on. See you at SuperCloud 6 and looking forward to all your panelists. And I want to thank you again for being a host panel for theCUBE. And if you're out there and you want to bring some panels into theCUBE for conversation, we're happy to host you. Of course, we're going to hear cover up to me. Continue to cover all this call Howie and me. We'll help you out anytime. So thanks for watching this CUBE conversation. See you next time.


In today's program I shall be discussing with you the Romantic Age. The program is designed as follows, table of contents followed by the objectives, the Romantic Age and introduction, the literary forms, major writers, the age at a glance, followed by some important terms and suggested reading. The objectives are designed as follows, the design program enables the learner to cross the ideals that characterize the Romantic Age, discuss the background that led to the intellectual movement, highlight the various literary forms of Romantic Literature, gain an idea about some of the major writers of the period and their works, have a better perspective about the cultural history of the age and appreciate the contributions of the age, the history of English Literature. So the Romantic Age must be making you curious what is Romantic? So this is an introduction to the Romantic Age. The Romantic Age in the history of English Literature was a period radical in its assertion of nationalism, democracy, liberty and the individual spirit, followed by the Age of Revolution that is the French Revolution mainly and the American Declaration of Independence. The Romantic Age is considered as a literary, intellectual and an artistic movement which has spread across Europe at the end of the 18th century. So this phenomenon was at the end of the 18th century and just beginning of the 19th century. The historical context of the revolutionary period is closely related to the rich body of Romantic Literature and hence cannot be studied in isolation. So the essence of Romanticism is that quote-unquote literature must reflect all that is spontaneous and unaffected in nature and in man and be free to follow its own fancy in its own way. Do you think that is beautiful? In emphasizing imagination over rational thought which is what Romantic Ideal was all about, the Romantic Age proved to be a major reaction against the ideals of the Enlightenment Age. You will notice in the Enlightenment Age what happened was that there was a much more focus on rational thought, on reason, on empirical reasoning and logic but now it was the imagination, the fancy, the dreamlike stuff of imagination which is gaining importance. The Romantic imagination had dealt with the individual subjective experience, the irrational, the supernatural, mystical and the spiritual elements. So it was roughly at the tail end of the 18th century that the Romantic period was considered to have begun and reached speak from around 1800 to 1850. These are just ways of marking time, it does not mean that this period, this movement began exactly in these particular years but is considered to have begun around this particular period of time. Romanticism in the real sense is a transatlantic cultural movement which bore subtle differences across countries which adopted it as an ideal. So as far as England is concerned the Romantic movement coincided with and as a reaction to the industrial evolution that marked the end of the century. During this time there was also major intellectual reaction to the philosophy of Enlightenment which idealized the advancement of knowledge through science, skepticism, reason and rational. The Romantics emphasized on what? On emotion over reason, imagination over the rational and asserted that more empirical or scientific knowledge could reveal the ultimate truth in the great mysteries of life. So they extoll the virtues of passion, imagination, freedom and supernatural and the spiritual. So these are the characteristics of Romantic age you will do well to know them down. And nutshell the ideals that characterize the Romantic age are the emphasis on individuality, one's creative gifts and the subjective experience. Their way of looking at the world was very colored and very different from that of the rational way of looking at the world. It stood in contrast to the literary ideals of the neoclassical age. Reaction stood as a reaction against the ideals of the 18th century Enlightenment age because just before it, this was happening at the end of the 18th century and just before it was the Enlightenment age. There was this period where reasoning where knowledge based on facts, factual knowledge these were given importance. In fact they were given importance by relegating these subjective way of looking at the world that is through experience, through imagination, through fancy and emotions. So they focused on imagination over reason, passion over rationality. Passion is a very strong word here, passion. Something which is felt from inside, the depth of feeling that comes from within a human subject. Instead of the objective and objective way, objective scientific man, imagine another who is very passionate and who is a dreamer, a romantic man who was somebody who was a dreamer who loved nature, who loved to dream about the supernatural also and who saw the world through his colored lenses. So the romantic ideals were basically imagination, emotion, intuition and freedom and experience of the sensory over the spiritual. There was a fascination with myths and the supernatural, gothic and exotic and there was a devotion to beauty, that is the aesthetic qualities of anything, anything and everything. They saw beauty everywhere, beauty in nature, beauty in supernatural things and everything. There was a love and worship of nature and there was an interest in the rural country life and they were opposed to the ills of urban life as such. So the politicians and the philosophers manifested a new spirit of the age and they extolled the worth of the individual which then found a reflection in romantic literature. So these are the literary forms. After 1770, that is at the later years of the 18th century, when we say 1770, conduct books by women writers became very popular just as children's literature. The writers of children books included John Newberry, Anna LaTitiae, Barbold, William Godwin, Charles and Mary Lamb, among others. During this time, they were lending or circulating libraries, book clubs and book societies which provided an easy access to books and played a vital role in disseminating different literary forms like popularizing poetry and novels, in particular the genre of sensibility and gothic fiction. We can learn about these literary forms much more in details in another or in a subsequent program. So the early 1790s saw the publishing of radical works such as Thomas Paine's Rights of Man, Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France, etc. And the circulation of radical pamphlets where there were newspapers and weeklies which were circulating, you know, also there was literary criticism which appeared in leading magazines which was very influential in establishing the works of writers like Thomas de Quincy, who was known for his personal confessions in writing, Samuel Taylor Galrich who was celebrated for his ideas of, you know, fancy and imagination. You must have read about this also or heard about it somewhere. So Leigh Hunt was again another important figure who penned satirical reviews and, you know, in a way shaped literary criticism of this particular age. Charles Lamb who wrote the personal essay, who was a master of the personal essay, William Haslett who was, you know, who used a familiar style of infused irony and political radicalism and William Godwin and Mary Wistoncraft who wrote radical works on human rights. So during this period there was a widespread circulation of puritacles and literary magazines, you know, which established a rich body of literary criticism like the Edinburgh Review, the Quotley Review, Blackwood's Magazine, the Westminster Review, the Spectator which is very famous, 1838 you must note this, the Spectator, the Athenium, Fraser's Magazine, etc. There were many, many, many magazines and journals and puritacles circulating during this time. Coleridge, Blake and Byron contributed to a new approach and interest in the literary form of the epic and epic poetry. Like for example Helen Maria Williams' brief epic Peru, it was in the form of an epic and then Keats' epic poem Hyperion which was again a form of epic poetry. So the romantic fragment also had emerged as a new accidental form from the period like for example S. T. Coleridge's Kubla Khan. You will do well to know that S. T. Coleridge wrote under the influence of opium sometimes, that's why a romantic fragment because sometimes he wrote under the influence of opium and suddenly there was this fragment he, you know, he just lost his vision of writing and he just forgot what he was writing about in just writing mood, just war of or something of that kind of an or some kind of an interruption which left the work incomplete and thus a fragment, a romantic fragment which was still completing itself because it was so beautiful to read and textbooks even today prescribe these beautiful pieces. Shelly's incomplete work, The Time for Life, Byron's Unfinished, Don Juan, these are all examples of romantic fragment. There are many examples. This is not to say that these are the only examples. There are many examples. These have just been selected to cite for your ease of reference. A significant body of biographical, autobiographical and semi-autobiographical works were also in circulation. Why? Because the romantic ideal also projected the subjective, the personal and the subjective experience of man which is why you have the autobiographical form, the semi-autobiographical form or, you know, basically the biographical form, right? All the major romantic poets had experimented with romantic drama written and meant for reading rather than stage performances like Shelly's, Prometheus Unbound, a closet drama which was meant for reading and Byron's Manfred. In the romantic period, there were various schools of poetry which debated their ideas on what made good poetry. The basic characteristics of romantic poetry were spontaneous flow of inspiration in the creation of sublime poetry and the emphasis on imagination and creative passion, romanticizing the ordinary as fit subject of poetry, that is the common man, any incident of other regular mundane things, a sense of wonder for the supernatural elements of life and inspiration from nature and its lit locales. So these were the romantic ideas that were practiced in romantic poetry. In Wordsworth's famous phrase, poetry was a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings and he called poetry a sensitive plant. Lyrical poetry was also a popular form during the period and there was also revival of the romantic sonnet. The major novelists of the period, writers who wrote romantic novels like Jane Austen, Bernie, Mary, Edgeworth, and Ratcliffe, Walter Scott, and Mary Shelley, among others. They wrote their wonderful works during this period of time which are still, you know, which still stand as evergreen classics. There was a distinct and continued interest in the genre of the Gothic and the sensational novel because there was a marked interest in the supernatural side of the world, in the supernatural. So he had such works like Matthew Lewis's The Monk, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. I'm sure you must have heard about this work. So these works were very interesting, they still the interest of the readers. The novelist Walter Scott wrote classics such as Ivanhoe, Rob Roy, among others. Jane Austen wrote realistic novels like Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, etc. The literary features of the romantic age in a nutshell are belief in the imagination and insight, emphasis on the subjective experience and individuality, significance of emotions, sentiments and creativity, freedom to explore the sensory and the spiritual, extolling and upholding the beauty of nature, approval of the use of fancy, that is controlled by judgement, conveying the movements of vision, exploring the realm of the supernatural and the transcendental, representing the experience of common man and role of poet as integrator, more than a creator. So we come to the major writers, William Blake. Blake was known as a prophetic poet, he was a skill painter and an engraver and he's supposed to have seen visions. He saw prophetic visions while walking the fields as a child, in fact. He saw these visions while walking the field or you know, while staring out the window. He's said to have seen visions and he was also from a very young age, very religious, he was a bottomed religious household and maybe this has bearings on his later works as well and development as a person. So he's considered as a visionary or a prophetic poet. Some of his works are songs of innocence and of experience, political sketches, visions of the daughters of Albion, book of Euryzen, the book of Ahania, etc. William Wordsworth, born in London in the Northwest Lake District, famous Lake District. You must have heard about Lake Poets also, who were a group of poets who got together at Wordsworth's place and discussed the intellectual strands of thought and you know, who had interactive discussions together. So he was born and brought up there in London and he is known for his lyrical ballads which is also called the Manifesto of the English Romantic Criticism. Now the lyrical ballad was written in 1798 and this date is very important because you will know that because of this particular work, there was a new interest, the romantic way of looking at the world in the romantic perceptions. So he was appointed the poet laureate after the demise of Sherwood Salvi in 1843. Some of his works had lyrical ballads with other poems, poems in two volumes, Guide to the Lakes, The Excursion, Lautomia and The Pridune. Estee Coleridge, I had already talked about Coleridge. He was an English poet, he was a literary critic and philosopher who built an association with the Lake Poets. So he was associated with the Lake Poets whom I just mentioned. His works create an atmosphere of what he called the willing suspense of belief with the elements of the mysterious and the supernatural. The three poems that are considered as masterpieces are The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner, Christabel and Kubla Khan. John Keats, Keats developed an early interest in the classics, history and Renaissance literature. He was very well-learned in these fields and he had said his imagination was a monastry and he a monk. Some of his works are The Eve of St. Ignace, La Bella, Dame Sans Merci, on first looking into Chapman's Homer, Endymion, Hyperion, La Mia, Otto, etc. And he had written several oaths and he is known for his six oaths, Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Gritian Urn, Ode to Psyche, Ode on Melancholy, Ode on Indolence and Ode on Fancy. The next poet, P. B. Shelly, Shelly was one of the finest lyric poets and was radical in his sociopolitical beliefs. His poetry had two different strings or distinct moods, that of a violent reformer and that imbued with this appealing spirit of nature. Some of his works are Ozymandias, Ode to the West Wind, The West Skylark, Prometheus Unbound, Revolta of Islam, Defensor of Poetry, etc. Then the next father essayist, known for his essays, personal essays, Charles Lamb, was a writer and essayist who was widely read for his personal essays. Lamb had a carefree childhood and as a young man looked after sister Mary who was prone to mental illness but he was very caring as a person and he devoted his life in fact for her, in her care. He had collaborated on three books with Mary, among which A Tales from Shakespeare was most well received and he wrote under the pen name of Elia while writing for the London Magazine and this name states somehow because this is how readers associated him with his works. Some of his works are Essays of Elia, Rosamund Gray, John Woodville and The Last Essays of Elia. So we come to the major writers at a glance. For example, some of the important writers associated with the romantic age are William Blake, William Haslett, William Wordsworth, Dorothy Wordsworth, who was a sister of William Wordsworth, Estee Coleridge, Robert Sadi, John Keats, B. B. Shelley, James Henry Leigh Hunt, better known as Leigh Hunt, Thomas Dick Quincy, Lord Byron, Charles Lamb, Benjamin Robert Hayden, Mary Wistoncroft, Felicia Dorothea-Hemans, Letitia Elizabeth London and Elizabeth Browning, The Age at a Glance, the joint publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge. I knew this was a collaborative effort in 1798 was considered as a significant milestone for the romantics as it had launched the English romantic movement. Romantic literature is characters by, to sum it up in just a short phrase, to quote Victor Hugo, liberalism in literature. So literature was, you know, liberal, it was not constructed in the sense, you know, it was not constructed by the particular ideals of rational, of empirical thought, of reasoning and objectivity. It was much more subjective, it was much more open, it was exploratory, it was a liberty of, you know, thought and imagination. Its emphasis was on the creative, the sublime and the supernatural. The important characteristic that differentiates the English romantics from the writers of the 18th century, that is, the writers of the neoclassical age, is the emphasis and significance of the imagination. Here are some of the important terms that you might come across. If you have heard about fancy and imagination, in biography, Letitia Coleridge had pointed out the distinction between two faculties of the mind, that is, the fancy and imagination. Imagination is the vital source of creation. The fancy associated with memory accumulates all that is seen, but the imagination recreates and transforms it anew. So, the fancy is associated with memory and imagination recreates and transforms all that is seen in a new way. Coleridge divided imagination as follows, primary and secondary. In the primary imagination which, in his own words, automatically balances and fuses the innate capacities and powers of the mind with the external presence of the objective world that the mind receives to the senses. And in the secondary imagination or the free will, what happens is that it gets dissolved, dissipates in order to recreate or to form something new. So, the role of memory is passive and the role of imagination is active. The negative capability is another term which was Keats. John Keats had used in one of his letters. He stated that an artist in the creation of something was to negate himself, which was to completely distance himself in a way as if the artist did not exist. Such an artist was capable of feeling in uncertainties, mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason. So, this was the act of negating oneself while writing, while going through the experience of writing or expressing. This negative capability quality was very important according to Keats. So, here are some of the suggested reading. You might do well to refer to the Romantic Imagination by Maurice Barra. Romanticism and Oxford Guide is a huge one. You can, you know, avail it in a good library. Then English Literature, History and its Significance by William J. Long, which is commonly available, and Romanticism and Anthology by Duncan Booth. Here's one of the websites there which might be helpful to you, www.lunsburyacademy.com. There are many websites which will be helpful to you, but you will do well to note the important characteristics, the ideals to let this movement ahead. So, with this, I come to the end of today's program. Thank you, dear learner, and all the best.


Hello everyone and welcome to Tutor Terrific. In this video I'm going to do another calculator tutorial for you on the Texas Instruments TI-30XS multi-view calculator. Now this is a second generation multi-view calculator and it's based off of this one which I've reviewed already, very popular review, the TI-34 multi-view. It has the very basic setup just like the 34 does. It's a very similar operating system and style of layout to the 34 multi-view but it's just a little bit easier to work with and it's immensely popular for its really nice design. It is an equation operating system-based calculator like the other one that I just showed on the screen and that means that we plug in expressions into the calculator and then we press Enter. The multi-view feature has to do with what's called math print, a really really nice feature that allows you to see your expressions as you would in your textbook rather than on a standard calculator. This is how we turn the calculator on, on button, and you know it's on when you have a little LCD blinking at the top left corner. So let's do a basic calculation right now, just checking that order of operations works correctly. I like to do 7 times 8 minus 3 just to make sure it does the multiplication before this subtraction and we should get 53 for our answer and we do. This calculator puts it on the same row so that you have more room for more calculations underneath such as let's try negative 7 times 8 minus 3. Now how do I get a negative on this calculator? Well for most Texas instruments there's a little button down here that has the minus sign next to it and so I can do, watch what happens when I start typing. Negative 7 times 8 minus 3 you can see it populating the next row down. This answer should be quite different. Negative 59 it's still doing the multiplication before the subtraction. So order of operations is correct. Now let's say you wanted to clear your screen so that you wouldn't see a bunch of calculations all at the same time. You would press the clear button right here so it clears out the calculation. I want you to know that if you want to repopulate the screen with a calculation you previously did you don't have to type it in all again from your memory you can use what's called the memory feature by pressing second enter that can give you your previous calculation or by scrolling up which can give you your previous calculation. Let's say I wanted to edit this guy. Let's say I wanted it to be 2 times negative 6 divided by 4. Do I have to just start over? No. What I can do is press the up arrow twice press enter and it will allow me to edit the calculation that I did. So I wanted it to be 2 times negative 6 so I'm scrolling over with this little cursor here to the negative 6 and you see the delete button? I can either delete all these operations and press negative 6 times 4 or alternatively I can do the following. I can overwrite my calculation. Now for these calculators you have two signs next to each other before a number such as multiplication and then negative. You might want to put the negative in parentheses so I can start typing negative 6 and these are the parentheses buttons right here open parentheses and close parentheses like so and then divide by 4. So this is called the overwrite feature. Now if you didn't want to do that you could do another option again I'm gonna select it say I wanted to just insert those few extra keystrokes. I can press second insert now you see the 6 is blinking in and out with a little underscore sign underneath it that means if I the next button I press will insert that keystroke in front of the 6 check that out so now it says 2 times parentheses 6. I want a negative so I'm going to put another negative there and then watch as I scroll to the right it starts blinking with the black dot again that means it's going to go back to overwrite mode if I keep typing keystrokes. What I want to do is I want to insert again in this position a close parentheses and at any point I can press enter to evaluate or I can scroll to the end if I want to see the whole thing first and then I can press enter to evaluate. Of course I would get negative 3. This calculator can do on the same screen up to four calculations and so you can see your past four calculations on one screen. Now another neat feature this calculator has like all the multi-view calculators is the toggle feature right here which allows you to toggle between fraction view and decimal view. So I'm going to set up a calculation that gives you a proper fraction and first I want to make sure in the mode category I want to make sure I'm in classic mode not math print mode for this demonstration because I want to show you how annoying it can be to work in classic mode when you have a math print mode. To get out of menu we press second mode that is the quit feature. Now I want to explain for those of you don't know I've been using it a little bit the second feature right here allows you to access the functions on top of each button in there on this calculator in green there's lots of color combos for this calculator so if I press second and any button it will activate the feature directly above so when I press second mode it activates quit instead of mode. You know you've got the second button depressed when you see a little second symbol up there on the screen it's tiny. Also notice that I'm in degree mode which is another mode option at the top of the screen which means when I use sine cosine in tangent it will assume I'm in plugging in degrees for angles. Okay so I'm going to show you that toggle feature the decimal to fraction back and forth toggle. So I'm going to type in a very simple calculation that's going to give me a fraction seven minus four and then I'm going to shoot I want that all in the denominator so I have to I can press second delete to insert some parentheses so the calculator knows in classic mode that this is my entire numerator then I divide by something larger so eight plus six for example so it's going to give me naturally a decimal and it's not a nice decimal but it's a decimal nonetheless and by the way it just just points out that I want to show you that these numbers are defaulted to floating point style and so we see a large decimal and what floating point means is we have a bunch of digits and the decimal can be used and moved around in different spots so I can have a certain number of digits before and after as you can see there's up to 10 digits by default on this calculator that are used now if I want to see this answer instead as a fraction check this feature out press that toggle button and it gives me the fraction version down here 3 14th if I press toggle again it sends me back to decimal mode now I'm going to do a calculation like that previous one but I'm going to be in math print mode so I can show you the difference so again press the mode button scroll down on your mode button until you see classic highlighting and blinking and move the cursor over one until math print is blinking press enter to highlight it now we're gonna be in math print mode which is what most people default to when they have this calculator to get out of the mode when you we press second mode which is quit now I'm going to do that same calculation I have another option okay and that is n over D so watch this 7 minus 4 on top and then on bottom 8 plus 6 so this is what the math print feature does it allows me to see it like this and it will actually give me the answer as it would appear in a textbook in fraction mode first and I can of course toggle back and forth between that and the decimal look at how it's showing the fraction when I toggle back and forth not as a slice fraction but a normal top and bottom vertical oriented fraction I want to also show you square roots and how math print does those so I'm going to clear this out I'm going to go back to classic mode and I'm going to show you square roots so in classic mode to get to square root you press second x squared and it gives you a square root with a parentheses and now we'll put what we want to find the square root of inside 8 times 8 for example which is 64 square root of 64 is 8 so we should accept 8 okay so pretty basic now in math print mode which I'll go into now I want to show you the difference so if I press second squared look at the difference it has the square root radical symbol over my entire expression right now and I don't need parentheses because it follows me as I type numbers which is really really interesting I'll do the same calculation I press the arrow button here the right arrow to get out of the square root and I press enter you can see the same result so it's quite nice now just so you can see let's do the square root of some irrational of some number that doesn't have a perfect square root like six again press the you see it's we're still in the square root when it's blinking with the little arrow symbol but you press right we're outside of it and you can see it's going to default to just writing the square root of six so for example if I had some number in here that could be simplified it would do that simplification for me let me show you the square root of 8 but first let me toggle back and forth this gives me the irrational number for square root of 6 and I can toggle back to the radical version but now let's do one that can be simplified in math print mode press second square root 8 now you know you can pull out a 4 from that and get to root 2 let's see what happens when I press enter look at that it gives me the simplified version of square root of 8 and just so you know if you press enter open over again it will repeat the same calculation now I want to look at other exponent based buttons on this calculator so as I taught pointed out x squared here if I type a number and then press that button it will put a little exponent by it squared which is equal to 25 as you know 5 squared now if I go back and I press classic mode it's going to look a little different so 5 squared it's not really elevated is it it's still a superscript but it's not elevated above the number of course it's going to give you the same answer now let's look at higher order exponents how do I do higher order exponents on this calculator we use what's called the carrot button right here okay so let's try 5 to the 9th okay in classic mode this is what it would look like okay 5 to the 9th which is quite large let's switch back to math print mode like so now in math print mode if we're to do 5 to the 9 using the same buttons look what happens when I press the carrot it goes immediately to the superscript position for exponents that types a little 9 now I'm still in the exponent positions so if I type more numbers it will evaluate them for me now keep in mind that this calculator cannot find the exponent base raised to such an exponent as this we get overflow because there's too much calculation to do this calculator can work into the hundredth power but not much higher than that definitely not an order of magnitude higher now if you have an error like this or syntax errors means you type something wrong all you do is press clear and I'll take you back to the error which is for me the exponent so of course I'm going to delete all of those extras and before I type something else I'm going to make sure I press the right arrow to get out of the exponent position okay so we have our exponent so that's what it looks like in math print mode what if you wanted to do higher order radicals like the foot cube root or the fourth root going back to classic mode I want to show you what that looks like right now classic mode we press second carrot to get the higher order root but we need a number in front before we type that series of buttons when you don't type that series of buttons what it's going to assume is your previous answer that's what an s stands for previous answer to your previous calculation is the degree radical you want to use and of course that's not true for us that would be crazy I'd say I wanted to find the cube root of something I'd press 3 then press second carrot now it's going to evaluate the cube root so that little x means the previous number is my radical degree and let's do 27 notice how don't ask me why it does not put a parentheses for this type of radical higher-order radicals only for the square root so we need to be careful if you have multiple things multiplied together subtract you want to put them all in parentheses inside this now let's look at the math print mode in math print mode things look a little different when I use this series of buttons for a higher-order root ah look at that it makes the root degree in the spot you'd assume it would be in and now again I want cube root and so I'm going to scroll back to the left and I can adjust that to be a cube root now look at that that looks great that looks like what you're used to seeing so I'm doing the 27 inside there and I press right as usual to get out of the cube root now and I get three like before okay is one more thing I want to show you a scientific notation button here times 10 to the end so in math print mode which I'm in right now it looks really snazzy for example if I want to write out and calculate 5 times 10 to the 6 I press 5 and then press that button times 10 to the and look at that it populates that all the screen allows me to put the exponent that I want which in this case would be 6 and then I can switch to the standard notation which would be 5 million the toggle switch will not allow me to go back and forth between scientific notation and standard notation on this calculator now let's say you wanted to do something and you typed it in wrong so that it the calculator can't read it such as 5 times 6 minus 2 for example I did not open that parentheses I closed one that was never opened that's an example something the calculator can't do so it's going to give you a syntax error when you press clear it's going to go back to the very spot where the error was generated and of course that is right here and you can of course if you wanted that to be 5 times 6 we already know we could just put a times there calculator will do the proper order of operations next I want to show you how this calculator handles all things trig because it's different than the TI 34 multi-view from my previous video on that calculator in that calculator they had sort of imprisoned all of the trig functions in one button called trig and it was actually up here as a second to pi in this calculator they have to the joy of all those doing geometry classes or algebra classes in which trig is a little bit of a subject they've moved those out free them to be their own buttons now you need to make sure you are in the proper mode when using these buttons for your calculation if you are calculating sine cos under tangent of angles and radians you need to switch your mode because it defaults to as we see here d e g if you want to be in radian mode you very first at the top you see we're on that selection between degrees and radians and gradients we don't use gradients very much so if you want to be in radian mode we just toggle over and press enter until it was highlighted for now I want to stay in degree mode so if you want to calculate for example the sine of 58 degrees we press sine 58 make sure it says d e g up there at the top and press enter gives us the sine of 58 and we can do that similarly with cosine and tangent now I want to point out something there is no button for cosecant secant or cotangent functions because they are not used very much I'm guessing and they didn't want to make special buttons for them it's very easy actually to generate cosecant secant and cotangent cosecant for example is the reciprocal of sine so what we would do is we'd actually do we could do a fraction in math print mode one divided by the sine of 58 that is the cosecant of 58 and notice how I got out of the denominator by pressing the right arrow if I press the left arrow it'll let me go back in the denominator if I need to add or edit some things and if I want to go to the numerator and edit some things I press the up arrow quite nice feature okay and this will be the cosecant of 58 let's say we wanted to do an inverse trig function so we have a ratio of right triangle sides or something and I wanted to find the angle I would use an inverse trig function those are correctly placed the second options for each of those trig function buttons so inverse sine is found by doing second sine inverse cosine is found by doing second cosine and inverse tangent is found by doing second tan awesome so what I'm gonna do is I'm gonna do the inverse of the inverse sine of one this is gonna calculate a nice angle for me and so to do this I press second sine and then I put a one in there and then I press enter that gives me 90 90 degrees okay let's say instead I was in radiant mode I'm in degree mode so it gives me 90 degrees so switch to radiant mode now I'm gonna call the same calculation pressing second enter aha not only does it show me the calculation it completes the calculation and now I see it's in radiant mode if I press the toggle switch it gives me oh look at that pi over two those of you who have done a little trade with the unit circle you know that 90 degrees and pi over two are the same which is really neat so I could toggle back and forth between that transcendental number and pi over two I also wanted to point out for you that pi has its own special button on this calculator and it's right there pi and so I can of course find let's say the tangent of pi now that I'm in radiant mode tangent of pi no problem I can also put fractions in here with the n over d or without the n over d and just do slash for example tangent of pi over four and then of course we press right or twice to get out we know that equals one now if I was in the wrong mode I was in degree mode instead like I just switched to and I tried to do tangent pi over four it would not give me tangent of pi over four radians it would give me tangent of pi over four degrees and that's not what I'm anticipating is the correct answer so you've got to make sure you stay in the right mode or at least you know which mode you're in so that covers trig on this calculator the last thing I wanted to show you guys something I didn't show you in the previous video and that's a little bit of statistics this calculator can do some basic statistics and log bivariate data for example actually can it can do three column data what you would want to use this for maybe some stats you can't graph on this calculator but you can look at stats so for example I'm gonna I mean L1 which is basically column one of the data I'm just gonna put one for the first entry and then press enter to list the second entry I'm just gonna continue to place the natural numbers incrementing all the way to eight so that's my first list numbers one through eight if I want to switch to the second list for example like so let's say I am gonna increase by half starting with zero so zero enter point five enter one enter one point five enter see how it's matching them with one of the members of list one that's how this works gonna keep going here two two point five three three point five and then we've ended at eight now this calculator can do a couple things with this data some basic statistics if I press second data it allows me to look at one variable stats or two variable stats I'm gonna look at one variable stats and I'm going to take the data as L1 and frequency and it allows me to calculate a couple things all right allows me to it lets me look at for example the number of data points the mean of the data points the standard deviation of the data points really neat really neat the sum of all the data points the sum of the data point squared the min data point the quartile one of the data point the median of the data point look at all of that that's stuff that basic statisticians need to use in addition if we go back and clear that out we go back to the list and we press second state again we can do two variable statistics so I would choose one is my input and one is my output list so I'll choose x data as the list input and I'll choose L2 as the list output and press calculate and it's going to list a few more things the mean of both the standard deviation of both the sums squared both and some two variable statistics like the the coefficient of correlation so R is a correlation coefficient this has perfect correlation because it's a straight line so the correlation is one really interesting stuff here if you wanted to clear your data lists you could certainly do that by pressing if you're in the data itself pressing data again and if there's ever a menu like this you can either scroll to the menu item you want to activate or just press the number next to it so I just press number one which cleared list one if I press data again I can either scroll down and press enter or press the number two at any point and it clears that list as well so I get a fresh slate I want to get out of the data window I would press second quit all right guys that's been a short introduction to this calculator I hope you've enjoyed thanks for watching this is Falconator signing out