g is that working now it is yep fantastic james flowing 58 oxford street i have a question about active uses at the end of my street there's a floral shop called derby farms they close at 5 p.m they that doesn't seem like an active use and yet it's something that i can't imagine anyone here would say we don't want in our town and i can think of other stores like henry spare park bait and tackle shop in my neighborhood all these are their places that they don't draw street traffic and yet we like them they're useful we we we serve it we go to them for something that we need so my question is why why call out banks and offices specifically because the only thing i can see that this to jenny's comment about you want to make sure that the storefront has stuff in it if you're trying to control that sounds like trying to tell a business how to run their operation which feels like it's something that we definitely should not be doing so i guess why why the focus on banks and offices and other things that don't draw crowds and because you activate the streetscape because you could say and yet we still like those things great question thank you very much uh jenny did you want to specifically respond to that one just to say that i think a retail and a restaurant use both of those uses are completely different and draw you in and i'm much more engaging than an office or in this particular case what it says here a bank um a bank you know they draw you in in different ways perhaps and i think that they create a different type of use and it and a different environment on the street compared to when you're looking at a store and you've given the one example which has you know very decorative windows there's a lot of interest there's something that's drawing you in um that's that's a different i think that's a very different use category of a retail store whether they're selling something specifically in the storefront or not there's something that's more engaging same thing for restaurants you're seeing people usually in a window eating doing something that you know again would ideally bring you in to go to the restaurant this is trying to say let's let's make more space for that and less space on our streetscapes that is sort of limiting or creating sort of a sort of a wall between pedestrians and what's behind that wall whether it's intriguing or not is sort of this is not about you know you have to have product in the window that makes sense but it's just like the flower shop closes at 5 p.m so by any stretch of the imagination that is a dead space after 5 p.m same with the gift shop which closes at 6 p.m and bear park i think closes at 6 30 those are those are dead spaces in the in the evenings and some of them are on tv and open on sundays it doesn't seem quite frankly it doesn't seem fair just to say we're going to focus in these categories yeah when depending on the hours a business can be a dead space even though they are a different kind of use so james one of the one of the things that we look at when we are reviewing applications and looking at you know the businesses in this street in general are this this idea of different day parts so activation a different time of of the day so you could say the same thing about a restaurant which doesn't open until 5 p.m so i think that you know irrespective of the actual hours of business knowing that there is a significant portion of the day where there is an active activation whether it is from 8 until 5 or 5 until midnight you know the fact that there is a contribution through an active presence on the street is is what's important as opposed to the specific operating hours and banks don't do that under any operating hours they don't have employees that go in and out that go out for lunch in patronized local restaurants well that's that's the question that i think the board has been debating and will be part of the discussion going away i got my comment is basically i think you basically should just not do any of that just let the let them be let the restaurants thank you what they be and thank you okay um any any other uh any other questions or comments uh any other members of the public wishing to speak okay uh seeing none i will run through the um list of board members again um to see if there are any specific feedback any specific feedback for jenny regarding the idea of how to reference um active uses or corner lots um and we can certainly follow up following this meeting as well but i'll take any um comments that people would like to give at this time starting with kin yeah i would uh like to strike uh banks and offices and find some other verbiage uh to do that uh and as far as corner lots i think we have been addressing it you know generally sometimes selecting it selecting the primary street as that um gene brings up a good point where the the secondary street is pretty primary too and that's i think it's a one-off i think some of the ones we have a lot talked about there has been a primary and a secondary and we have um looked at it in that way so i'm not too not as concerned about that that's my sense with great thank you kin gene yeah i i'm not sure what to do about corner lots because i think ideally if the streets on both sides were you know fairly major then you would want the um standards to apply on both of those sides um on the other hand if you have a storefront occupying one of the streets that goes back to the end you're not necessarily going to have an entrance on the other side so i think we might have to add something in here that says you know when there are corner lots the board shall consider these standards in determining you know what's appropriate for each one of the public facing streets or something like that which i think is what kin was saying um that we would need to do something like that um but i think the part that i think we don't want to give up is there shouldn't be any blank facades on any of the public streets so we have to be careful i think about how we do that wording um so that's my thought about maybe the best way to handle corner lots but maybe other people have much better ideas than i do about that on the other question which was active uses um i don't know maybe rather than saying other non active uses you can flip it around to be that generates you know that generates activity or you know what i mean flip it so it's not uh non active uses but you flip it to a positive that's my only suggestion about that for me thank you jean melissa thank you i don't have any comments at this time great thank you steve oh sorry before well steve why don't you breath through and then i'll get back to kelly okay i was going to say uh i nothing i have nothing to add thank you okay kelly i was actually just going to say something uh of kin to the suggestion that uh what jean made which is to change the last clause in the purpose statement to instead of and limit the amount of ground force place occupied by non active uses to instead say to something more like encourage and to encourage the amount of active ground for uses and i think active ground for uses being more commonly defined as sort of more commercial activity um and and we can we can find actual definitions for that just to be a little bit more precise i think that's great i would definitely support that and i see a lot of heads nodding in the from new direction there all right um any additional comments on uh from the board on article 28 before we move to the next article okay get back to my agenda so we will now um move to article 29 which is the zoning by law amendment related to uh street trees and i will turn this over to uh jane all right i'm going to run through this one so article 29 is about street trees and the goal here is to just to protect and preserve trees um and to plant new ones ideally um it is to the whole by law amendment is describing the town's procedures and requirements for the preservation of trees this is particularly around public shade trees the araby has the ability to waive requirements um when necessary it applies only to trees located on uh private property the tree warden maintains the tree inventory and there's plantings of 200 to 300 200 to 300 new trees annually this is also following the requirements that we set forth in those sites uh standard section around the industrial uses that were adopted last year um public shade trees are part of uh they're part of laws that are governed by the commonwealth and so the definition is essentially picking up that same uh those same rules around what a public shade tree actually is the proposed amendment follows standards that are set forth in other communities as well so there's some precedent for it um and this is with regards to the tree placement the size the type and the maintenance um the purpose of this amendment is to uh is fivefold providing for adequate public shade tree coverage along Arlington's main corridors which this board has purview over um to implement carbon neutral policies of the town to address heat island effects emanating from the main corridors to enhance public health and walkability with proper shading and to create zoning uh specifically this definition around public shade trees for clarity so it is applicable in the business districts again around new construction or additions over 50 of the footprint or redevelopment anything that is subject to the review of the redevelopment board and the provision is to provide one public shade tree every 25 linear feet of lot frontage along the public right of way it would be administered under 3.4 and it would include the following standards planted within existing and proposed planting strips and in sidewalk tree wells on streets without planting strips trees would be selected from an approved tree list that would be set set forth by the tree committee and approved by the tree warden the tree warden is also just to be clear is an employee of the town working full time in the department of public works when planted trees must be a minimum height of 10 feet or two inches in caliper all new trees shall be maintained in with under certain standards I will read all of the standards and when there is not a suitable location within the right of way shade trees may be proposed in locations within the lot or in exceptional circumstances the board may allow the owner to make a financial contribution to the Arlington tree fund we also might be able to grant through the redevelopment boards review an increase in the spacing requirements between plantings when appropriate and then we further create a computation of how many trees need to be planted depending upon the total number and the total amount of feet available to you for that planting and I think I'm going to stop there and see if there are comments or questions great thank you Jenny I'll start with Ken no I have none this is good support this 100% great thank you Ken jean agree with Ken all right Melissa same Steve I've got two comments but I also support it 100% first in terms of the definition or the proposed change to the definition we use the text public right of way which I believe was actually my suggestion I noted I went back and looked at Massachusetts general law chapter 81 section one to see how the state defines public shade tree they use the phrase public way rather than public right right of way I mean to me the two terms are basically equivalent I don't know if there's value in taking in keeping the word making the wording identical but you know it's something we may want to consider and you know sorry to keep going back and forth on that one sentence um the other the other question or the other thing I wanted to mention was in section 634d it mentions American standards for nursery stock when we were working on the industrial district version of this one of the questions that came up was well if there is a standard and the something happens to the standard or standards organization then what you know what happens to the bylaw after that I the part from the industrial district that seems to match is 562d5 which actually just doesn't mention any particular you know nursery standard or something etc you know it may be worth just trying to take what we've done in the industrial district and you know just essentially mirror it you know mirror it for this section 63 but yeah I'm supportive of this great thank you Steve I appreciate those two suggestions and I am supportive as well um so any additional questions if not I will go ahead and open this up to public comment all right any member of the public wishing to comment on the proposal for article 29 please use the raise hand function at the bottom of your screen we'll start with Steve Moore oh yes thank you Madam Chair Steve Moore Pete Montstreet I I apologize I had not expected to speak so much tonight I'm sorry you're hearing so much from me but I've heard everything now um what um I uh I'm also a member of the tree committee um as Susan Stamps mentioned earlier and um I'm although I'm not speaking for the committee tonight because we've not really discussed this I want to uh agree with all the members of the board how wholeheartedly I approve of this I think this is an excellent move to have business owners and developers take some responsibility for increasing the tree canopy up till now the tree committee has been focusing very hard on public shade trees on tree strips and also with a couple of programs adopt the tree and the tree canopy program that when we're trying to encourage private owners to have more trees um but let me ask you a question on the first slide I believe there was a point about this applies to private trees is that what I saw is you quickly went through it and I don't quite admit I think maybe I missed saw it because it doesn't make sense to me um and uh the second question would be that any trees that get planted in other tree strip or on private property that is business owned um means to have a watering plan we have found on the tree committee this is a very big issue in that trees get planted all the time two inch caliper 10 foot tall trees is great they're they're a little pricier and they're absolutely worth the investment however if you don't water them they die and so many of the trees that we plant around town have this problem where they don't get adequate water the dpw and tree warden tries to keep after it with the new trees at the town plants with a pretty good degree of success but so often it's the maintenance that doesn't get followed up on programs like this so I'm glad to see the reference in the amendment or in the proposal of the article four of the maintenance standards because those are more almost more critical than the type and size of tree that you plant so anyway thank you madam chair for listening to my third rant tonight thank you thank you um Jenny I'll turn it over to you to address the question about private trees um and for the second item if we I actually agree with Steve's um concern about including a specific standard because standards do change we got into this with the building code and a couple of things um last year but perhaps if there is a way for us to work on something regarding a watering plan um and perhaps the town body that provides resources as opposed to a specific standard because that group would then provide them with a standard but if you could address the private trees question that would be great I think that was just confusing in my presentation because I went a little fast it was I think I was I was just referencing that we currently have you know article 16 which is the tree protection and preservation by law so I that was that which is about private tree on trees on private property so sorry that was a little fast in the beginning but I was not talking about this this is about public trees and in terms of watering actually I just briefly Kelly we looked into sort of more detailed language and we talked to the tree warden about this can you maybe expand on that a little bit yeah I think again I mean that was where the American standard for nursery stock standards came in because that's a standard currently used that the tree ward referred to and as well as the conservation commission um and that would include standards for watering so um that's that's that section 6.3.4d is meant to be sort of comprehensive about like how the tree is maintained um but if you know I guess it's a matter of whether the board would want to um I think maybe refer instead to standards um administered by the tree warden and then um and and include for maintenance and watering or something like that just be very specific about watering. Great thank you uh Jean I see you have your hand up on this particular topic and then we'll move to the next public comment. I think I think a better way maybe to do this is not to get rid of those standards but to say or other standards the redevelopment board may designate something like that um because as long as those standards are in place as Kelly said they have the things we want in them but if they're gone or we don't like them then we'll have the ability to designate something else so I'd like to say that or something else that we designate. Great thanks um the next speaker will be Don Seltzer. Thank you Madam Chair Don Seltzer Irving Street. I'd like to thank the planning department and the board for sponsoring this article. I think there's a unanimous agreement about with everyone here that it's a good thing. I'm just wondering about the wording under the standard section whether there needs to be some language more specific as who is responsible for these things particularly like all new trees shall be maintained. Perhaps that's adequate I'm just wondering if we should have it clear that it's the property owner that has to maintain it and I don't see anything here in terms of penalties if the property owner does not maintain the tree they're just my thoughts. Great thank you very much and I don't know that we necessarily we have a requirement here for the length of time that they need to be. Indeed I apologize there is a hurricane it sounds like outside my window so um uh we I think in general this would fall under um the requirements of of the environmental design review and uh that would cover penalties which you say that that's correct Jenny what do you think that there's something else that needs to be included. I was more I was thinking that we don't have like separate sections that right have penalties embedded in them you know like a penalty of the bylaw would be enforced by inspectional services right um so I'm not sure that we would add that specifically here the other point made um or the question I guess it was more of a suggestion about adding who maintained the trees I think we could talk about that a little bit or that could also be something that gets um stated in any as we do with any decision we are speaking directly to the the property owner usually when we write our decisions so that's how it gets that's how it happens but I suppose the language could be different here um as well so okay and three those points great thank you Jenny Ken I thought it states right here say all new trees shall be maintained in a co-initiated with the american standard for nursery stocks for a period no less than 36 months from the date of planting so the it's the owner that's who's doing this is responsible to trees for um for the next three years that's usually enough time for the tree date established and they usually uh american standards for nursery stocks usually is um the gator bags they put on the trees and uh they just have to maintain that being filled with water it's not a it's not a hard task it's just when the bags are not full you fill it and these have to do for the next three years um and then hopefully they can survive on their own or the town can pick up the maintenance of there you know great thank you Ken um and and Steve um if you have one one last point on on this I'll go ahead and take that and then we'll close public comment yes thank you madam chair uh three years the same standard that the county uses to water the trees the planted trees that is and um uh I one of the point that I forgot to make earlier was I think I heard Ms. Wright speak to that the business owners would have an option of contributing to the town tree fund that would be the trees please fund um I would suggest that that only be exercised at the approval of the board or the planning department because otherwise you're just encouraging basically a relatively easy way out and then no maintenance we want to encourage the owners to plant and maintain trees not just check off one more box on their redevelopment project so uh that that's thank you madam chair thank you and I believe that that control is in section 6.3.5 in what has been proposed so um that looks like that caveat is in there um so with that I will um uh we'll we'll move back to the board for any final questions um I'll just run through really quickly before we move on to the next article so uh any final questions jean ken no you are correct there's a huge thunderstorm outside there's I'm sorry you strong outside yeah there's a huge storm outside right now yeah yeah I just yeah it came up all of a sudden while I was speaking so it just startled me uh Melissa any any final question uh no thank you okay great Steve uh no additional questions all right thank you Jenny do you have what you need from from the board have everything I need thank you for the comments from the public and the board great thank you um and then we'll move on to our last article of this evening article 30 which is zoning bylaw amendment related to solar energy systems I will um hand it over to Jenny and then I believe that we have uh two speakers this evening who will be uh presenting this article so Jenny I am going to actually just say welcome to Talia Fox who is our sustainability manager she is actually going to make this presentation and then Shelly Dean I believe is still here she's a representative but she serves on the clean energy future committee it's not necessarily completely speaking on behalf of the committee but we'll speak to this article as well so the two of them are going to share the time I'm just going to let Talia take it away from here because of the time um and Kelly is advancing the slides so if people have questions uh you can refer um to Talia or Shelly great thank you welcome Talia thank you very much so good evening I am Talia Fox I am the new sustainability manager for the town and there is indeed a storm outside it is a pleasure to meet uh those of you I haven't met I'll be speaking briefly to article 30 um the purpose of the proposed amendment is to require installation of solar energy systems for buildings subject to environmental design review with some exceptions as well as introduced definitions related to solar energy systems so currently the town's zoning bylaw enables ground mounted solar systems by right only in the industrial district and this was approved by town meeting in 2010 among uh other criteria that enable us to be a green community and to be eligible for funding from the state's department of energy resources solar energy systems are not prohibited by our zoning bylaw and other districts they just require a building permit and in historic districts there are certain desired guidelines that apply some events of relevance are here on the right uh a zoning audit completed in 2015 as part of our master plan process as well as a subsequent update to that audit in 2017 as part of recodification noted that provisions related to solar energy systems were generally missing throughout the bylaw and in 2021 town meeting passed an amendment to the bylaw requiring new commercial and mixed used buildings in the industrial district to be solar ready I think it's worth noting that last year also Arlington's net zero action plan was completed and adopted by town meeting and that net zero action plan actually includes as a priority measure this amendment to adopt a solar requirement solar is a piece of our strategy to get to net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and to achieve several of the goals stated in that plan effectively all rooftops in Arlington that have the capacity for and are suitable for solar will need a solar energy system and so thinking about the number of actual rooftops that are suitable to suited to solar that's about 75% of the total number of roofs or 9000 roofs Arlington is not alone in proposing this kind of solar requirement the cities of watertown and medford both have bylaws requiring solar energy systems for new large construction and several other communities listed here including summerville, Cambridge, Boston, Lexington and Wellesley have mechanisms that require consideration of solar from among a suite of green building requirements even if they don't outright or specifically require solar and the proposed amendment itself adds several definitions that you see here relating to solar energy systems to clarify terms that are used in the text of this amendment as well as terms that are already used in other sections of the zoning bylaw. A new section 6.4 would require solar energy systems on 50% of the roof area for building subject to environmental design review. The ARB could reduce this requirement where 50% of the roof area is not viable for solar where there is a parking structure a solar energy system would need to cover 90% of its top level and the amendment also specifies that the ARB can adopt rules and regulations to require specific additional information as part of the application. There are several exemptions noted in the amendment such as for circumstances where there's insufficient load capacity or a roof has too much shade as well as exceptions for facade alterations, temporary signage, outdoor uses, religious uses among other exemptions listed here, and ARB can reduce or waive requirements if an applicant proposes a suitable alternative to meet the goals of the section. And then last there are some provisions regarding emergency access and e-graphs and safety as well as exclusion of solar energy systems in determining the height and floor area of the building and with that I will conclude and I think should I hand it to Shelley or back over to I think I'll hand it to Shelley. Yep, that would be great. Thank you so much. I thank you very much. I'm Shelley Dean. I live at Seven Cleveland Street in East Arlington and have been an Arlington resident for almost 40 years. I'm I'm also here as a member of the Clean Energy Future Committee. Though I'm not speaking for the Clean Energy Future Committee, we didn't actually vote on this in our last meeting. So I just want to reiterate many of the things that Talia has already mentioned that you know this this proposed ordinance is very much very similar to the ordinances that were approved in both Watertown and in Medford in Watertown in 2018 and in Medford in 2019. But I've spoken to the Planning Director and Assistant Town Manager in Watertown, Steve Magoon who just raved about it and said you know it has in their instance it's produced solar on about 10 to 15 buildings. He didn't have the exact number when I spoke to him. They were thinking about expanding it that that any object that there had been nobody who had sought any exemptions on it even though there were exemptions allowed and that he felt like it was a very positive experience for the town. I spoke with somebody also in Medford in their Planning and Environment Department who also spoke positively about it. It's a newer ordinance for them and so they didn't have quite as many cases to speak to but in general had very many positive things and I just want to reiterate the fact that this is very much in keeping with not only the town's net zero action plan but the state's climate legislation which really commits the state to net zero by 2050 and it has interim goals for reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of at least 50% by 2030 and that the amendment is a very tangible way to work towards those goals. It you know it won't increase the amount of impervious surface we're really talking about putting solar on already impervious roofs and perhaps top levels of garages should they should they be constructed and I'm hoping that folks from ARB will vote positively for this. Great, thank you very much. I appreciate all the work that you and Talia have put into this and look forward to the discussion. So any questions from members of the board will start with Ken. Yes I'm generally supportive of this. I just have one comment I'd like to add to see if you guys are willing to make it. I'm not sure where to stick this but the location or placement of solar panels are prohibited when it precludes your adjacent neighbor from building their building to the full extent of what's allowed by zoning. Okay I know that's kind of wordy and everything else but I'm just worried that if someone sticks a solar panel adjacent to the right right to the next to the side yard and then also they say okay someone's going to build their building which is allowed by zoning but now it blocks just the solar panel they can fight back and say you're blocking my solar panels rays. I think that's unfair to the neighbors so I think if we add a note there saying that locations of these solar panels cannot preclude your neighbors from building out what's rightfully theirs or if they if they do do that there's no recourse saying that you have to you have to they can't do that you set the movie panel. Something along those lines I'm going to trust Gene to word much better than me he's much more of a better words than I am or if he may not agree with me I'm not sure that's all I had to say but I support this right away 100% thank you I think that's a good point that you just brought up Gene. I supported 100% too partially because I work with Shelley and Talia I'm putting it together I'm not sure what you're getting at Ken on that because even if the next door property maybe at some time could be built up higher there's no guarantee it ever would and if we put something in that said you know um if another building could go up higher you don't have to put in trailer we'd basically be cutting the legs out from under this currently under law somebody can build another building and block somebody else's solar panels nothing prevents it right now so I don't unless I'm missing something I don't really see where what you're asking for is necessary for this unless you want to make sure that people can't put solar on the roof if somebody can build a taller building next door. Uh do you want to take yourself off you Ken? That's what exactly I'm saying let's say I have a piece of property and my next door neighbor has a one-story garage and I guess I can throw one solar panel up along the side of my along the side of my building there and it'll prevent him from doing what's allowed by zoning and and have him build three or four stories which is allowed by zoning but now he comes back and says you're blocking my sunlight. It does it doesn't do that it doesn't do that the state zoning code gives us the option if we wanted to to put something in about not blocking someone else's solar but we have never put that into our zoning bylaw so therefore if I've put solar on my roof and somebody wants to come later on and build something taller there's nothing to prevent them from doing that. That's all I want to put them in that let's I just so there's no need to put it in here because that's the way it works right now. Well you're the lawyer I'm not going to argue with you about that Gene I just you see what I'm trying to get at okay I know but let's just tell you who's our like energy whatever this fancy title expert is about this. So the point that you raised Gene I think makes sense to me and that Arlington has not enacted anything in zoning to prevent folks from doing this already is that what I'm understanding you're you're saying I'm repeating that correctly yes so I think it I think it's worth asking the question if you're going to put that in here is that something you want to ask more broadly for for the zoning bylaw is that a fair response there? Well if we're gonna if we're gonna make this at the zoning bylaw I just want to make sure that we we're not being unfair and treating neighbors of taking unconsciously saying you're taking away their rights of building but they need to with they're allowed to build I'm not saying you know they can build more but it's it could be you know it could happen that way and has this been has this come up in a state or anywhere else where this became an issue and how they resolve it I'm not sure but I just see it as a consequence that could happen and if Gene you're right then you're right so I'll tell you this anecdote and I don't know if it's true everywhere but so there's this case in Wisconsin a number of years ago where somebody had solar at their house and their neighbor wanted to build a house next door that would have shaded it and and they basically sued and the court said basically that there used to be this common law doctrine called the doctrine of ancient lights which said you could never block a neighbor's lights but that was thrown out by the courts in like the 17 or 1800s because it would have completely prevented industrialization building stuff like that so there's no doctrine like that in massachusetts there's nothing other than something we would put in the bylaw that says you can't block a neighbor's solar panels if you wanted why I guess we could put something here that says you know nothing in this section shall prevent a butter from blocking this solar panel if that would make you happy we could put it in it would okay we want to make Ken happy so I guess we'll find a place if other people agree to put that just one sentence in why don't we why don't we move to melissa and steve and get their take on this as well and then we can circle back after public comments regarding any additional modification if that works gene did you have other did you have other items gene okay melissa I don't have a comment at this time I mean I think it makes sense if the wording helps to clarify and reinforce can you know and secure what ken's trying to get to I'm fine with that great thanks melissa Steve yeah I know there I do I understand where mr. law was coming from um and I do like that idea I think it's not only an issue or potentially not only an issue with buildings being redeveloped developed or redeveloped at different times but also shade you know honestly trees so um you know I wouldn't want a solar panel to prevent you know the planting of a public shade tree because the shade tree might grow up and might grow and eventually you know shade the solar panel so um yeah I think we're wording to be worked out but I think it's a good idea great thank you Steve yeah I mean I think I similarly went to the same places as ken trying to think about the fact that the town is going to require people to make these investments in solar panels and at the same time we're looking at things like far and you know changing people's ability to to build higher um and what impact does that have on the investment that people are making that we're going to be requiring that people make in solar on their roofs um I don't know the answer to that but it's where my head started to go as well so um Gene yeah I just think if you think of all of the buildings that we've issued special permits to in the past few years I can't think of one that ended up later on where the roof has gotten shaded from something else you know we're not generally talking about short buildings you're and you're absolutely right I think it's you know part of it may be just thinking about going back and looking at those those instances and where the application might be and you know again thinking about um where it isn't in terms of the the applications that that we've approved so far so again I think that's part of where I'm still trying to wrap my head around with this one and I think it's possible we'll put in a sentence that basically gets it gets it that great all right thank you I mean I just see a homeowner putting one solar panel on the edge of their roof and it's the rear setback and it's blocked and the sun's blocking their solar panel Gene you know I'm saying right I mean right but this is never going to be a homeowner this is just a commercial I see I see you point but but okay but I'll come back next year with the with a warranted article to deal with that with the homeowner one of the time thank you gene all right so with that I'd like to move to the public comment period um and Steve Moore you're up first yes once again um I think Mr. Law's comments are are very well taken I'm glad he's thinking ahead because this will happen there will be some time when someone else bills and shade someone's mandate and solar panel so I think it's smart to be thinking ahead particularly when we start changing all the the zoning to do with density along Mass Ave where the business districts intersect with the residential district and also I want to applaud Mr. Revlax speaking to the tree issue because that's that's why I raised my hand here uh Steve Moore Piedmont street member of the tree committee uh I um I want to be sure that the additional requirement of businesses and such to put solar panels on the roofs of businesses and homes or whatever we're talking about here does not require or force the cutting down of shade trees very large trees will shade solar panels clearly and small trees get planted will grow up to uh be a problem as Mr. Revlax points out um climate change and the issues related to that and energy net zero and trying to be energy neutral and all that stuff it's a complicated issue trees are beneficial to that solar panels are beneficial to that trees and solar panels don't get along very well so we have to make sure that trees aren't being taken to uh encourage solar panel development because you're creating a problem I take in the trees you don't want to create a problem by solving a problem so to speak so I think that sensitivity is important to to keep in mind here um I don't know if I'm suggesting words be added to this to this this change related to shade trees because I don't even know how that would be worded but I think you do want to consider not encouraging business owners to take down shade trees that are on their property of which there may be some I don't know thank you madam chair great thank you Steve and I'll just respond that um I believe that that's addressed in the way that this is written through the first um exemption where it talks about um exemptions for solar solar ready zones that are shaded and that would include shaded by being shaded by existing trees so I think that that is um definitely covered already in in this um in this section madam chair uh yes I know what you're I know what you're saying but I want to make sure it's a chicken and egg problem in terms of does the shade get taken before the application gets made for the trees solar panels I'm sorry um you see what I'm saying I I I do and again we'll we'll kind of debate this as a as a group um but I your point is well taken for sure thank you um let's see any other members of the public wishing to speak on this article okay uh so with that I will turn it back over to the board and I'll run through again to see if there are any additional um questions or or comments on article 30 starting with gene um no I I you know we'll end the sentence I think if other people want to do that and you know I I don't think there's any incentive built in this for somebody to take down the tree um in fact it's the opposite in any you know and that if if it's shaded they don't have to put on um the solar whatever they're putting up there you know the solar system solar energy system so there's no incentive for anybody to take down a tree here they're not required to or even incentivize to great thanks gene kin no I think with the change um I'm also with this I I trust gene and wordsmith and this correctly great thank you Steve ah yes um a note I had written to myself in section 641 um in the last sentence there should be a space between the words section 6.4 and the word of okay that's all I got great thank you Melissa no not this time okay so with that uh that takes us through the um warrant article public hearings that are on our agenda for this evening um so before we move to our next agenda item I need to see if there's a motion to continue the open public hearing um for the 2022 annual town meeting warrant articles to our next scheduled date which is uh March 14th I so move second take a roll call vote sorry Jenny did you have something I saw you just unmuted um I'll I'll come back at the when you're done okay great uh so we'll take a roll call vote starting with uh gene yes kin yes Melissa yes Steve yes and I am the yes as well and I'll go to Jenny before we move to agenda item number two this is quick and unfortunately Shelly dropped off but I was just going to thank Talia and Shelly um Gene and Kelly and also Coralie Cooper who's the chair of the clean energy future committee for all of their work pulling this together in a very short period of time a lot of meetings a lot of back and forth and research and it was very appreciated and helped us to have a good discussion tonight so thank you great yes I think we all echo our thanks and to the planning department and all of the staff for the very thorough memo that was created for all of the warrant articles this evening so thank you very much for that as well you're welcome please expect another one for next week so the marathon is on happy reading okay uh let's see so our next um our next agenda item agenda item number two is the draft meeting schedule from May through December um so I hope everyone had a chance to review this Jenny um if you wanted to maybe take us through um at least maybe through the the May um dates I think there's a April 7th kind of hiding in there that was um probably a holdover from a previous draft or something but um if there's anything you wanted to highlight and yeah I see that yeah yeah you don't go back to April after May 23rd no hopefully not on any calendar no um so okay well one thing we were going to say is that April 4th and April 7th with those meetings will be on zoom um and then we had talked about after well so town meeting it is not yet known if it will be in person or on or remote um so that is TBD and when I learn of what will be I will share that with the board um but the current schedule only went through April which town meeting starts on April 25th so there would be an expectation for the board members to be in attendance it's just that I don't know where that will be at this point in time um Rachel and I had talked about having resuming in-person redevelopment board meetings after a town meeting which may potentially be my guess still is May 23rd um not May 16th but it could be May 16th um that we would resume or in-person meetings if that's a town meeting night then that'll be a different um a different meeting um and so that uh the rest of the schedule basically just takes us through the end of the year and we would be meeting at 7 30 pm uh I think we agreed that that we wanted to keep that time but I'm also open to going back to I think it's now a couple of years ago that we were meeting at 7 pm when we were meeting in person there was a little bit of talk about that where if we came back to being in person maybe we would want to change the time but I've left it at 7 30 for now and I think that that was it was there anything else that we talked about Rachel um no I think that that was it the only other thing I'll just note is that at some point the um we had talked about the hybrid pilot program um which will take effect um in terms of um something that we'll need to fold into our our meetings that has yet to be finalized in terms of when that will start and process and where we will meet as well so that's something that I think more information will be forthcoming on right and this would basically be similar to what I think the select board is doing this evening which they started to do and maybe did maybe twice last summer where the board and staff were in the meeting room but other people could participate remotely via zoom or another platform and so yes we'll we'll investigate that when uh that option becomes available right yes yes great um so I think what I'll do is I'll I'll kind of move around the um call on the the board members for any thoughts on timing for meeting back in person again what we proposed May 23rd um but also on any of these dates that you know currently you have a conflict with so I'll start with Ken uh no I have no problems with the dates right now as is I would vote for a 730 start uh if it's still in person it makes it easier for me to get from work to there 7 o'clock pushing it very tight uh for me okay great and do you have any um thoughts on uh in person meeting starting at the end of May I think that's great okay I would like to have go back to in person I think we get a better review on the projects when we do that in in in person great thanks Ken Jean uh thanks um yeah I don't really have a preference between 7 and 730 start when do you think we might have more information about when we can run these as hybrid meetings so um from my work on that committee um I think that we're probably not going to be fully equipped to run these as hybrid meetings until um July uh there you know it could be sooner than that but part of it depends on the availability of technology right now that's being specified and priced and the meeting rooms still need to be identified so that's part of one of the goals I think of of taking the walk through the central or the community center formerly the central school is to understand what has already been built into that space that we might be able to take advantage of um you know that will all affect timing as well so it could be June it it could be July I think that's still um still currently up in the air and I think at one point some time ago Jenny said something like we might no longer have to meet into the little room in the town hall annex and could meet in a larger meeting room in the community center do you think that would be available as of May 23rd yeah I can I can start booking that room for us for all of these meetings basically if you want um maybe you know we're we're going to be there next Tuesday right um I believe so I think it's the is that the 50 yes yes so I think you know take take a look and um it's no problem to book that space and also that space so it's the main room that you you the old main room now can actually divide up into two separate rooms but I mean the volume of people that were in attendance at this meeting earlier this evening that would fit into the big the whole room uh easily so I mean I think that we could probably just book that room from this point forward yeah and it has a projector it has all the equipment in it yeah you know in some ways the little room was you know sort of nice and you know close but there were hardly any meetings when there weren't people stemming out in the hall right so you know even when we don't have 60 or 70 people coming if there was more than one permit on the agenda something like that you know the room couldn't accommodate so I think a larger would be better um as to the dates I'm pretty sure I'm not going to be around on June 6 but other than that I'm good for all the dates okay um what we'll do is we'll just collect dates that don't work and then once everyone has gone through we'll um we'll get some of the adjacent dates and see if we can't find um find a date around there so I'll start June 6 uh Melissa um in terms of dates so the July we're not having July meetings yeah I I cut out July oh that's fine was that I mean I'm just wondering because actually no I I really I I honestly you could take off August or July the board has not had a break in schedule for years now and I think we've had we've done quite a lot consistently for the past two years very challenging times and I think you deserve a little break so either it could be July or August I just did that for for you but you can choose or you can choose to meet but I think you might think about it okay um I just know I think August 15th I am I cannot do great thank you and um Melissa did you have a preference 7 30 start time oh yeah I prefer 7 30 but okay great uh Steve any dates that are a challenge for you thoughts on timing of return or start time uh so I don't believe any of the dates are challenging for me um I'm fine with a 7 30 start time uh it does help to have a little little slack to get away from work um and resuming in-person meetings after town meeting is fine with is fine with me I I do have one question since we typically meet on Monday nights and I am a town meeting member um I guess this might be a question for Jenny but in terms of time conflicts between ARB meetings and town meeting how has that typically been resolved in the past we in the past we've met it depends if we have hearings we will have some public hearings actually that we're going to have to figure out how to blend in the middle of actually our warrant article hearings so well there's going to be some carryover and we're going to need to meet before town meeting so what we've done is usually 7 to 745 um in the past and then you adjourn and town meeting starts at 8 I the question is going to be this issue of if it's in person or remote and you know if you we can't also the the potential for the in-person meeting is not necessarily in the town hall auditorium so I mean I think there's a lot of we'll have to kind of play this by year a little bit in terms of like if we have to meet before town meeting where is that going to be how are we going to do that so we might need to revisit um I I I guess just revisit it when it's time I don't have the answer right now but it was typically 7 to 745 before the meeting thank you all right um and then just for my schedule I am also not available on August 15th um so I think that's two of us for that date and then Jean isn't available on the 6th so I guess to that end um does it make more sense to meet in July and take August off in that in that case um and do does anyone have a concern with meeting in July and not August um and flipping those no from Ken no from Steve no from Melissa Jean are you good with meeting in July and taking August off I'm checking my calendar okay the main thing would just be that we wouldn't obviously meet the first and third Mondays because the first is a holiday there'll be the 11th and the 25th right um potentially yes I think I think I'm good in July does anyone um have a concern with the 11th and the 25th instead of the two August dates okay we will keep June 6th is that okay or do you want to move that um I would be fine moving that we'd have two in a row you can have a meeting without and we just leave it flexible for now to see what comes up then we decide we could do that and we could always move it there's I mean I would hate for hearing to start and for us only to have four people so um yeah we could we could do that so Jenny we would just need to know the meeting beforehand correct so that we could officially change the date yes okay all right so by May 23rd we'll make a call on June 6th okay um well I think that is it for the draft ARB schedule genie desk to vote I think we typically vote on that correct usually do we'll do it up so is there a motion to approve the um meeting schedule May through December 2022 as amended so motion back in thank you we'll take a roll call vote starting with Ken yes Dean yes Steve yes Melissa yes and I'm the s as well so that closes agenda item number two um the next item is open forum so if there are any um members of the public uh still live us this evening who wish to speak please use the raise hand function okay seeing them we will close open forum and uh any other items from the board before we adjourn all right is there a motion to adjourn so motion second second second great thank you uh uh take a roll Ken yes Dean yes Steve yes Melissa yes and I'm the s as well thank you everyone for sticking with us to this late night have a good evening bye guys thank you next Monday


Blocks for Contact Two blocks which are useful for us as teachers to keep in touch with our learners and our co-teachers are the Online Users block, seen on the left here, and the Messages block, which we'll add shortly. The Online Users block shows us who's recently been online and who is currently online now. This is useful in a face-to-face teaching situation as well. If you're in a room and you want to make sure that all your learners are logged in with you. To add the Messaging block, as with other blocks we turn the editing on by clicking the button top right or by clicking the link in the Administration block and then scroll down to Add block, choosing the block we want. The Messages block is a quick way of seeing who has sent you any messages and you can read them by clicking them here and similarly you can use the Messages block to locate learners whom you wish to message.


What's going on everyone say I'm here with late in sports guards. We are doing it 2022 Bowman chrome baseball hobby 12 box full case break number 13 random team style. Here's a look again at your random results As always you can find these on the website under the results tab as well as the link that's in chat. Good luck here, everybody It's my nation again. You guys will drop you the link for tops chrome light or not tops chrome bowman chrome light eight box break half case Breaking a little bit later on tonight Plenty of spots to go only $50 a spot $50 a spot only a group break with spots left tonight. Everything else is sold out So if you want to get in cheap on some bowman chrome, it's a good product really cool Stop it is loaded with color loaded with color Check it on out Magenta Zach vene the 399 or it's a 199 right? Yes for the Rockies We've got green auto junior Perez six out of 99 going to the A's Eric are on the combo spot color match Nice one there eights Refractor Jose Altuve. It's a 499 came to Lee Colson Montgomery base my tweeting it to Sorry Facebook it's who you like it Jeremy Pena rookie Marcello Meyer and base Mini box one on a mini box canary yellow is hobby bias Number 275 for the Tigers. Oh junior Perez again junior Perez box. There you go. A's Eric are again base Thank you. Sure. Thank you sir Magenta shimmer Joey Weimer. It's a 199 nice one there for the brew crew Stop miles How you doing buddy? Who'd you get in this one miles? You're in here, right? Astros and not bad got a couple of prospects O'Neil cruise shades of greatness Base and base right that'll do it for box one On the box to green Marco Luciano to 99 for the Giants grads Giants base and base Simon Juan for the Mets There you go. Matt's Brian M base and base base Yeah, there's always some cool stuff even if you get like a Not the best team in the world with Bowman Chrome. You can always hit something super low numbered That's the really good thing about Bowman Chrome Thanks, Caleb Thanks, Caleb Little red fanny refractor one been Joe. It's a 499. There you go Kyle with the There's Charlie Welsh for the Mariners base auto base shimmer Luis Mesa for the Blue Jays Oh, yeah, nice How much Stop Paul How much nine nice Jordan Walker on the Bowman ascensions for the Cardinals nice one there short super short print there Kyle Box three There we go SG Go refractor George Valera to 499 what up P. Dazz Paul Oh, yeah, that is Evan Lee heavenly Evan Lee base auto for the Nationals which rather have that or cold increase on P. Dazz is also Paul Paul in Florida Paul B Paul P. Dazz is the Paul that works here. Yeah base Oh, yeah, big time, please don't make a big deal. Oh Neil Cruz rookie Hey, everybody. Look who's here.  I had a 250 really think we're gonna let you do that Paul the two of us Absolutely not base and base Mini diamonds 18 out of 50 Alex to Jesus nice one there for the Dodgers Nicholas B. Congrats, man. That's solid right there. Very solid. He's one of like the Below the top top here. He's like the second tier chase. I would say shimmer Carson Williams Rays Spoiled by the HDA boxes by the choice. Yeah, there's O'Neil Cruz Bowman ascensions rookie nice one there pirates Daniel are on the short print Offens Yeah, what's up March, man large It was a Jordan Walker Bowman ascension So basically the what we just hit with the O'Neil Cruz but Jordan Walker pretty awesome actually plus get a one-man show refractor rookie So for 499 or not rookie, but Yeah, appreciate you March man for sure Refractor he asked her Mercedes to 499. That's in my PC right there We've got auto Edison Paulino Nice one there congrats on that red socks. No Cardinals are actually pretty solid with Mahia and show and plus you have Juan Jeff as rookie autos. Yep Cardinals are pretty good shimmer. Yo, so our Garcia for the Phillies Ricardo Cabrera. Well, now he's right O'Neil Cruz shades of greatness. There's a lot of stack teams Bowman ascensions, Luis Rodriguez nice one there short print three of those in this case already one That's actually kind of surprising Hey, thank you, Greg. Greg just took three spots in light. We are down to 20 to go now Refractor Joe Ryan to 499 Sean will drop you guys that link Thank you, Sean purple Quincy Hamilton to 250 there you go miles Congrats, buddy. Another one just came in Ronald Down to 19 to go Miles with the Quincy Hamilton Yeah, I did like that hat was pretty funny. It was a cow. It was the Wisconsin utter tuggers Yeah, yeah, right O'Neil Cruz rookie and base Alright, I'll do it for box number Four I want to say yeah four One second again guys nice Steve s taking some spots too. Thank you Steve. Let's go. Let's go. We are moving on this now guys We are picking up some steam. We're getting close Refractor La de la Cruz nice one there SG with the cow emojis That's good. Oh Mason hour for the rays Congrats rays Benjamin C base That was Kyle. I don't know why We'll show that one. It just says I'll take a nice mahiya here. I don't know why that was under review Von Seng Trey young socks that deserves to be under review Purple your Donny De Los Santos the 250 nice one there for the pirates Congrats pirates Drew breaker Samuel Zavala blue ray wave Roderick Arias 74 out of 150 Go into the Yankees Wayne Kay on the one-spotter Congrats, buddy Nice Arias. We'll get this mag for you my man. That is awesome. That'll work right there. I'm taking a rias Green shimmer Lee over preguero to 99 for the pirates and base Hey, there is Hey, you might buy light now. There we go. It's all it took Wayne. It's all it took That's awesome. Thank you, buddy Grats on the hit man, that thing is a monster right there. That is actually kind of a monster card. Oh, yeah, Lars all card ship Yes, sir Everything gets sorted to your own team as well Stephen Quan purple to 150 Yes, all cards do ship in the light and they are all Sorted to your own team Alex De Jesus on the base auto this time for the Dodgers Nice one there Thank you Sean Sean dropping guys the link 16 to go. Wow. Awesome. Thank you guys Refractor Kristen Pache Go into the A's Brian Akunya first and base Speckle James Triantos first to 199 nice one there for the Cubs Jackson choreo Boom Go into the brew crew berry tea. Congrats, buddy Um a little bit of dust up there. I'm just gonna have Sean wipe that off. You will not mind Beautiful choreo. We'll get that magged man. What a break so far. Great case. We're working with you magenta shimmer arrow vera No, I do really yeah, oh god Halo is losing his mind. Yeah I was gonna be any almanac by the end of the year. I have to imagine we'll do one in December probably I don't know. I can't really speak on that Wayne, but definitely potentially Kyle took one Wayne took two What are we down to on that now? Down to 13 13 to go guys. Wow. Thank you so much. That is awesome 13 to go on light number five. I did not see your order notes. All so once we do the random That's what I'll see him. I just saw that. I just got the email for a Kyle. Oh good god Teal James Wood to 125 for the Padres Thank you guys again for that. I do appreciate it. Do appreciate it Base auto Colin Burns for the Orioles. It's a great ways to chase some color. I have to say and In the light boxes, they are loaded with color Like more more color than hobby for sure obviously less autographs, but more color, which is awesome Purple shimmer Betty Montgomery. Look at the color match on that. That is awesome to 250 for the Rocks Congrats Rockies Juan bin show Max Muncie Wanda Franco shades of greatness raised rookie Probably I Speckle Wilford Varis to 199 for the White Sox Yeah, Disney Joe got purple auto coming up here of Nathan Hickey 62 out of 250 that's going to the Red Sox Congrats Red Sox Josh was he paying Kelly at Ramos stuff. What is that 199 to 99? For the joints on the rookie Super real quick on the one bin show Honestly your Donny De La Salsa and base do for a super awesome, dude. I Want a super so bad out of this? Yeah, exactly Ray wave Matt Olson Aqua to 199 Going to the Braves Which chat is deserted man? Yeah Got ref or no that is Pedro Panada shades of greatness, okay? It's the auto somewhere else in this box Christian McCarrow go to the Nationals Eric R. Congrats, man Nice, McCarrow auto. Hey, yes. She just took two spots. We're down to 11. Let's go down to 11 Sean. Nice, McCarrow SG is the man. Thank you SG. Oh, yeah, we go crazy here.  That's sick get that into a mag 40 man I'm gonna break this has been get mirrors refracted a 499. Yeah, it's a big time car that made top 10 pulls this week It was number two actually I want to get the number one spot for us beat me on that. He got a number one spot. Canary yellow coming up here I believe Ian Lewis 36 out of 75 nice one there Marlins Phil Kay. Yeah, that's a top Top five card in the product. I would say that Merrill super. That was a big boy card right there for sure Very damaged Brandon Marsh, but it is just the base unfortunately. So sorry angels base. Hey, what's up, Nick? Another two spots came in another three spots came in and what are we down to on light now? Down to eight to go on light dude. That's nuts. Thank you guys so much. That's fantastic That is so awesome man Thank you guys so much Yeah, they're both from choice. Yep Yeah, I pulled four one-on-ones out of boom in this year. They're all from choice green George Springer to 99 Christian Vicaro first Charlie Welsh first auto going to the Mariners tweet this really quick. That's true. We are due We are due for a super out of hobby at some point Wanda Franco rookie bunch of babies Oh Come on see a super out of hobby why not man Refractor Anthony Gutierrez the 499 for the Rangers atomic. That's Roderick Arias again boom Go into Wayne Wayne congrats man. That is insane Wayne is going insane, baby. Let's go boy Wow, we'll make that one for you Wayne unreal dude. Have a break Wayne count it to Colored Roderick Arias auto is coming out of this for Wayne Magenta shimmer West cat for the white socks and base if more light I'll see a red sick top five are in this product Jackson choreo Jackson choreo number one Christian Vicaro number two probably Jackson Meryl three Roger Carayas four and then there's like a couple of guys you could say for number five Like your Donnie DeLos Santos John Keel Fernandez Oh cool, that's sick super hot product. Yeah. Yeah, I think Dylan had an NFC Yeah That's awesome Jonathan India to 199 aqua way wave. What's up? I have a few more complaints That's Randon Cone going to the Dodgers nice one there again Nick adding another one to your pile And I talked to HR Oh, yeah, it's dope that one's sick. You have an Aquaman water bottle. That's right No, no, don't Gold shimmer of junior Perez that is numbered to 50 go into the A's nice one there Eric on the combo spot Red Cardinals in this box right here red one been showing here red Jonathan here Be the call shot call of all shot calls right here if there's a red cardinal in this box Purple rubber cell for the Padres to 250 This pack right here where the auto is supposed to be red cardinal red one been show ready The refractor that's basically a red of Yasser Mercedes to 499 there you go twins Jeff Kett. Oh Brady house. I forgot about Brady house. Yeah, he'd probably he'd be in the top five He'd probably be like number two or three That's Brian De La Cruz Stop penny Yes, sir the Carol first Well complain here for a few days. Oh god. Now. I have to pull one. That means nobody's gonna complain. Oh boy Wander Franca Still at eight on light my dropping that link really quick Sean. I'll drop you the link for Bowman chrome light Number five breaking relatively soon. That's what I do best complain. There you go Kyle Make yourself aware on it Dave to 199. That's gonna be Boba Shat for the Blue Jays redemption Roderick Arias another one dude. That's three on the case Wayne have a break buddy. Let's go Third Arias man Unreal is right man Congrats Wayne nice hit for a buddy nice three hits for you. I should say He a base on the back there another light spot came in. We're down to seven down to seven to go That's J rod rookie first off we've got atomic She's Oscar Colas to 150 Here rather be so sick Bruhan Ian Lewis Marlin's auto first We hope it were in there as well. That is Henry Davis magenta shimmer to 199 for the Pirates O'Neill cruise base rookie and base All right last box of the break guys. Good luck everybody. This is ridiculous This Pat it was Sean. I can tell you that I'm over it. There's Brian Akunya on the speckle first. That's you 99 nice one for the twins baby Akunya Redemption of Leandro Balcazar or Leonardo Balcazar going to the Reds. Nice one there since he Reds is Can't find them they don't exist Chris why I Can't wait till we start opening light and I start I'm just gonna start hurling those styrofoam cubes at him. Oh, I am Gold shimmer Roderick Arias, oh my god Wayne Wayne this is unbelievable man. This is this is unreal 43 out of 50 on the gold shimmer the hack man. I'll get mad go up to why not dude at this point unbelievable That's all that's crazy, dude Honestly, Wayne buy some lottery tickets is right man. Yeah, Jeremy Pena and base Please save a stack of those styrofoam pieces. What do you need them for? Like the pet. Yeah, it's like a pass in the Sunday mixer. Honestly Ralph He hates in the next half case not a single arise You see Stand on them What are you gonna eat them Paul? Yeah? We get serve we get hungry in the front of shop gold of Andrew Vaughn to 50 They're not rice crispy truth. Nice one there. Yeah, I would buy some insurance. I would buy some insurance for sure Wayne You've got auto a Stanley Castillo going to the race all servers. Ah, gotcha. Okay. We'll do Sounds good Paul we could save some for you As long as you promise not to eat them To put them in like the Singles boxes, so they don't fall Yeah Yeah, they keep the cards up got you cool. We'll do Paul again as long as you don't eat them. Yeah It's all that matters. They're not a snack. They're not a snack I do gallery and base. Wow. What a break man. Let's do a quick recap here So with our base and refractor autos Stanley Castillo Ian Lewis Yasser Mercedes Raindon Cone Charlie Welsh Christian McCara Collin Burns Alex de Jesus mason hour Edison Paulina Evan Lee Charlie Welsh Simon one junior Perez. That sounds actually pretty awesome I have to say Wayne Purples the 250 Nathan Hickey Quincy Hamilton green is Junior Perez Ian Lewis the 75 yellow Rochka Rias and Leonardo Balcazar on your redemptions, but our mag cards man. This is insane So crazy to look at We had Alex de Jesus for the Dodgers 18 out of 50 We had Samuel Munoz for the Dodgers. That's three out of 25 on the orange shimmer We had a forgot about this. We had a Jackson choreo auto in here too. Yeah, unbelievable man Going to the Brewers that we had Look at this man three Count it three Roderick Arias is gold shimmer based a 50 atomic to a hundred and blue ray wave to 150 On real that'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill next up. We have another one


My name is Warren Officer Courtney Lawrence, and I am the Assistant Director and Operations Officer for the Commandant's Own, the United States Marine Truman Bugle Corps. Throughout our 85-year history, there's only ever been 11 officers for the Commandant's Own. I am the first female officer to fill that role. A year ago, I was a Staff Sergeant in the Phonium section of the Horn Line. I was also the Horn Line Instructor, and we had a selection process to choose the next officer for the unit that included an interview and an audition of us conducting and rehearsing the unit. Once I was selected from that, I attended the Warren Officer Basic Course at the Basic School in Quantico, Virginia, after which I came back and assumed my new duties as the Operations Officer and one of our Assistant Directors for the unit. I'm excited to be able to lead in a different capacity throughout this unit. I've also been in the unit for 11 years, so I've had various responsibilities throughout my time here, and I'm excited to take on a new chapter in that journey.


So, at this point, we know a fair amount about a few thermodynamic functions like the entropy, but also some slightly less convenient thermodynamic functions like the heat and the work, which are path dependent. So, what I'm going to illustrate now is there's a somewhat surprising and really fairly important connection between this path dependent function, the heat, and the state function, the entropy. To see where that comes from, let's start with, and actually I should say not just between the heat and the entropy, but between the inexact differential dq and the exact differential ds. So, to see where that comes from, let's start with what we know about the entropy. And thinking back a little bit, we know that the entropy can be written in terms of the probabilities of the states in a system. If each state in the system i has some probability p sub i, we can sum up these p log p's with a negative k in front, and that tells us the entropy. This is our measure of the entropy or the disorder of the system. And if I'm going to make a connection between ds and dq, then I need to take the differential. So, if I take the differential on the left side to turn s into ds, I need to also take the differential on the right side. So we use the product rule. We're not taking the derivative, which you might be more comfortable with. We're taking a differential, almost the same idea. So, differential of p gives me dp, and like I said, we'll use the product rule. So if I take the differential the first term, I leave the second one alone. And I do the same thing again, leaving this one alone and taking the differential of the second one. So I've got this first term where I've taken the differential of p to get dp. And I've also got the same summation over again where I leave the p alone. Differential of log p for the derivative, it would be 1 over p, but it's the differential, so it's 1 over p dp. So that is the second term in our product rule. So I've taken the differential of the right side now as well, and we can see that there's some simplification that's going to happen here. p times 1 over p is going to give me 1. And when I rewrite this first term, let's switch these two around. So I'll write minus k summation of log p times dp. I've got minus k times the summation p and 1 over p cancel, and I'm just left with sum of dp. So that term is going to simplify and require a little bit of explanation. So what we'll do here, one thing we know about the probabilities, remember what the p's are, they're the probability of occupying any individual state of the system. We know that if I add up all of the probabilities in all of the states, I have 100% chance of being in some state, whether it's state 1 or 2 or whatever. So those probabilities have to sum up to 100%. Or since I'm talking about dp, the differential, is if I take the differential of this quantity on the right side, the differential of p1 plus p2 plus p3 and so on is just dp1 plus dp2 plus dp3 and so on. So p's become dp's. And on the right side, the differential of 1 is equal to 0. So this is the key point in making this next simplification. The sum of the dp's is going to be 0. Essentially, what that means is if I change the system in some way, if I increase the number of molecules in state 1, that has to come with a decrease in molecules from state 2 or state 3 or some combination of other states. So the sum of all the changes has to add up to 0. So the sum of these dp's is equal to 0, and this whole term doesn't matter. We don't have to include it because it's 0. Now we need to think about what to do with this term, the sum of the log p times dp. But again, think about what these probabilities are, the p's are probabilities. One tells us that the probability is 1 over q e to the minus energy over kt. So the thing we need to take the logarithm of is 1 over q e to the minus energy over kt. That's a good thing because this log will end up partially canceling the exponential that's in this term. So when I write minus k sum, logarithm of p looks like the q's in the denominator, so I have a minus log of q, and that's multiplied by this exponential. So the logarithm of this product, 1 over q times the exponential is the sum of the two logs, negative log q for the log of 1 over q. And I add that to the log of the exponential. The log of an exponential is just the exponent, so that becomes minus e i over kt. So that term I've just written in parentheses. That is the log of the probability, p sub i. I still have to multiply that by dp i. So we're getting there. We have now two different terms inside this summation. So if I break those two up, I can write minus k sum of log q dpi. And actually it's positive. Minus of minus is positive k sum of log q dpi. And another minus of minus, which becomes positive, k sum of e i over kt dpi. So those are all going to clean up a little bit more. In the first term, the log q, q is a number. It doesn't have a different value for i equals 1 or 2 or any of the individual states, so I can pull that outside of the sum. Likewise, the k and the t, I can pull outside of the sum. I have to leave the e sub i in the sum. So after I pull all those various things out of the sum, I find that ds is equal to k log q sum of the dps. And then k divided by kt, so the k's cancel. Sum of the e's times the dps summed over all the states in both of these cases. So the first term, we know what to do with that. Sum of the dps is zero the same way it was a minute ago, so that term goes away.  We've seen some of the energies times the dps, the change in the probabilities before. That, in fact, is exactly what we called dq. The difference between heat and work, remember, is heat is a style of energy where we change the occupation levels, promote molecules from one state to another state, whereas work leaves the probabilities the same, but changes the energy level. So there's a difference between edp, which is what we call heat, and de times p, which we would call work. So this term, the sum of the ei, dpi's, that is exactly what we've called dq. So ds is equal to, this term goes away, I have a 1 over t times dq. So now we're just about done. I've made the connection that I promised you now between the entropy and the heat. I'll make one or two caveats about this statement. Let me rewrite that one more time. So ds is dq over t, and I'm going to specifically label the heat as reversible heat. Because this whole way through the derivation that I've just performed, we've assumed that the probabilities are what Boltzmann says they should be. The probability that each state is occupied is this Boltzmann probability, which means that the system needs to be in equilibrium, which means that any process we need, we perform, needs to be done slowly enough that the system remains in equilibrium and therefore is a reversible process. So I'll put that equation in a box because it's important. We'll come back to it several times. That equation, that's the equation we can call Clausius theorem. This connection between the entropy and the heat applies primarily to the reversible heat. If we remember also, because when we talked about the difference between the reversible and irreversible processes, we convinced ourselves that the reversible heat, the heat in a reversible process is always going to be larger than the heat in an irreversible process. So another way of writing this statement would be to say that ds is greater than or equal to dq over t where the equal sign applies to the reversible process, just as in this equation here, where the greater sign applies in the irreversible process because the reversible heat is larger than the irreversible heat. So that's an alternate version of the Clausius theorem, which will explore more of this inequality when we get to talking about things like the second law in spontaneity, but that's a little bit further in the future. For now, I'll just point out that this statement, ds is equal to dq over t for reversible process. That's a fairly remarkable statement because it makes a direct connection between what we've been thinking of as a state function and what we've been thinking of as a path function. Remember, a path function is path dependent. If I have a system in, so it doesn't matter what these variables are, they could be temperature, pressure, volume, anything we want. But if I have a system at some particular state, I can talk about the entropy of the system in that state. Let's say state A, state B. If I want to go from state A to state B, the change in entropy from state A to state B is some delta S associated with that process. There's only a single value for that. But depending on whether I take this path or this path or this path, every one of these paths might have a different value for the heat associated with that property. That's what it means to be a path dependent property. So what I've told you is somehow, even though the heat can be different for each of these paths, the entropy change is the same along each of those paths, but I've got a connection between the two. And the reason that's not a contradiction is because of this 1 over t. The 1 over t is an integrating factor. You might recall we talked about integrating factors when we first talked about exact and inexact differentials. The 1 over t is an integrating factor that converts the path function dq into a state function ds. So that's really what we've just succeeded in determining is we've found an integrating factor. 1 over the temperature happens to be an integrating factor that will convert path function, inexact differential dq into the state function or exact differential ds. So that's another way of describing this Clausius theorem that we've determined. Qualitatively speaking, I'll point out that this equation matches our common sense for a process that involves some heat. Let's say I have a system, a box containing some molecules. In general, when we talk about heat, remember what a positive value for q means is that energy has entered the system in the form of thermal energy, energy that's used to raise the populations of the higher energy states. So when I put heat into the system, then I've supplied some energy into the system. What that means is the system now has more thermal energy than it used to. Its temperature will have gone up. And one thing we associate it with systems at higher temperatures, they're moving around more quickly. They're more randomized. They have a higher entropy. So it's not a surprise that when q is a positive number, s is a positive number. One way to understand what this integrating factor is doing there, if I supply one joule of heat to a system, that gives me a different boost in the entropy for a cold system than it would for a hot system. In fact, because the integrating factor is 1 over t, the amount of the entropy change at cold temperatures where t is small is larger than when t is a large number. So if I come up with an example to illustrate what I mean by that, remember what the Maxwell-Boltzmann probability distribution tells us. So it tells us the probability that molecules have some molecular speed. So at a fairly cold temperature, so I'll say this is a cold temperature, there's a fairly narrow distribution of molecular speeds at, let's say, 50 kelvin or 100 kelvin. The molecules are not moving very fast and they're moving very sharply distributed around this low temperature. I'm sorry, this low velocity. If I increase the temperature, if I supply some heat to that system, supply some energy in the form of heat to that system, the temperature is going to go up, the distribution of velocities will shift towards higher velocities and become broader. So I've made that system have a higher entropy, I have less knowledge about what the velocities are than I used to, because now there's more width in this distribution, there's more uncertainty in what the velocities are. So there's some delta S associated with that process. And if we're at a cold temperature where the velocity distribution used to be sharply peaked and now it's less sharply peaked, that makes a pretty big difference. On the other hand, and maybe I should do this in a different color. Let's say I've got a velocity distribution at some hot temperature, where there's a very broad distribution of velocities and a relatively high average speed for the molecules. If I supply some heat to that system, the same amount of heat I supplied to the colder system, it will also shift and broaden that distribution, shift it to higher speeds and make it a little bit broader. But the change between this already fairly disordered system to this even more disordered system, that delta S isn't nearly as dramatic as this delta S. So what that says in equation form here is when I supply a given amount of heat, when the temperature is cold, that makes a big difference to the entropy. When the temperature is large and I divide by a large temperature, it makes a relatively small difference in the entropy. So that's a couple of different ways of looking at how this integrating factor converts heat into entropy. The next thing we can ask ourselves is, can we use this equation quantitatively to perform some actual calculations to determine the entropy change associated with some processes? And indeed, that's what we'll do next.