Welcome back to one more proof of a set identity using the algebra of sets method here. This is going to be a fairly lengthy and complex and involved proof and I just want to warn you about that because it's going to really require you to pay attention and put your thinking caps on and follow along very, very closely here. As we go through though, through this though, the one thing I do want to encourage you is that every step that you see here can be justified using one or more of these guys here, combined with these guys here and I will just point out that in the proof that's about to happen, this property shows up quite big here. That's one of the reasons we took pains to prove it using the choose an element method that A minus B is equal to A intersect B complement. So let's get to it and the purpose of this is to show you how complicated a set proof can possibly get but also yet at each individual stage at the micro stage is actually a fairly simple process. We just have to be a little creative and we have to learn how to know when to solve problems in a slightly out of the box sort of way. So anyhow, here we go. The proposition says that for any sets A, B and C that are subsets of a universal set, we have A minus B minus C is A minus C minus B minus C. You might not have expected that to happen. You might have thought that maybe I could regroup and this C showing up twice seems a little weird here. This just goes to show that set operations like minus don't mean the same thing as arithmetic minus that we use on numbers. So we're going to show this proposition here. We could do this with choose an element, but we're also we're going to try it here with set properties as well. So let's go to it. And here we are, let me just make sure my color is correct. There we are. And so A minus B minus C. Now, first of all, what is that equal to? Let's use a set identities that we know. So I'm going to go in here inside the first parenthesis and rewrite that as a intersect B complement minus C. And that's because of that basic property, the one that we proved. Now, on the next step, I'm going to use that property again, because what I have here is one large set. Just group it off and call it x if you want to minus C. So I could rewrite that using the very same property as A intersect B complement intersect C complement. Okay, because here's the first thing in the subtraction. And here's the second thing. And that's what the property says. It doesn't really matter that the first term in the subtraction is more complicated. It just says whenever I have anything minus C, it's going to be anything intersect C complement. So now I see some things that I might want to move forward here, you might see that I have a couple of intersections in their group. So let me try regrouping intelligently. Let me make this a intersect B complement intersect C complement. Okay, that looks pretty good. So we could go with several different directions from here. I'm just going to point out a few of these that don't end up going there, they're correct steps, but they don't end up giving us much traction. One way one direction we could go here is to say that this is equal to A intersect B union C, the whole thing complement. And that's through De Morgan's laws. And then we could say from there that a this is equal to A minus B union C. And that seems like it's moving us in the right direction, except I don't really have a law. This is what I can do from this point forward. We don't have a distributive property that distributes the set difference over a union. So we're kind of stuck at this point, those two steps are correct, and I can justify them by pointing to the theorems. But they just don't really seem to get us in the right direction, they get us to a place where we don't have an identity to work with. And I would prefer not to have to go invent one. So what we're going to do here is tread on something that I've warned against, which is working backwards. Okay, now working backwards can be a bad idea if you're starting a proof by assuming the conclusion of working backwards. Here we're not going to do that, we're just thinking ahead and realizing that in the end what we want all this stuff to be equal to, all this stuff to be equal to is A minus C minus B minus C. We would like for this line here to eventually equal this line here. So what I'm going to do is jump straight to the end and work backwards steps. And I'm going to do one thing just to keep my memory fresher. Here's where we are before we start into the backwards mode here. So what I'm going to do now is start with the end, the thing that I want to show and work backwards from it. And if I can make this equal this, then I'm done. And so that's where we're going to proceed from here and change color again. Actually, I'm in green for the next slide here. So let's look at the ending and start working backwards. So here's where I want to end. And I can rewrite that as there's two subtractions. Actually, there's three subtractions if you look at it. There's one inside here, one inside here, and then one on the outside. Let me just kind of do them one by one. That first grouping symbol could be rewritten as A intersect C complement. And the second grouping symbol could be written as B intersect C complement. And I am subtracting them. Okay, so what I have here again is one set minus another. So I could rewrite that whole thing as A intersect C complement, intersect B intersect C complement, the whole thing complement. Okay, you have to think of these things as independent objects here. It's this thing minus this thing. And so I would take the first thing intersect the complement of the second thing, no matter how big or complicated it gets. Now, let's try to work from there. And again, all that stuff is by that one property that A minus B is equal to A intersect B complement. So let's see what else I can use here. I'm looking at the second grouping symbol here. And I have a complement of an intersection. So De Morgan's laws can kick in on that. I'm not going to do anything right now with this grouping set right here. But I am going to do something to the second group that I'm intersecting with. And this is the same thing as B complement union C. There's actually a couple of steps I did there. One was to use De Morgan's laws to take the complement of an intersection to give me the union. And what I should have here is B complement and C complement complement to be technically correct there. But C complement complement is equal to C by another one of the laws one of the basic properties from theorem 5.20. So I have this so far. Now let's see what I can do with it. What I'm going to do now is think of this set here as one entire set. If you like, you can just rewrite it.  I have S intersected with a union. And so now I'm going to use the distributive property to distribute that set intersection over the union. And here we go. So that would be the S there is A intersect C complement. So this would be A intersect C complement. Intersect B complement. That whole thing union with A intersect C complement intersect C. Okay. And that is by the distributive property. Again, I'm thinking of, I'll go back and redo this. I'm thinking of this whole thing here as a single unit, a single set here. And so in the end, no matter how complicated this stuff inside gets, it's just a set intersected with a union. And that's what the distributive property allows me to do. Distribute to here, then distribute to here. Okay, now look inside each grouping symbol and I can rearrange some things. Let me switch back to green here. I'm going to just leave the first grouping set alone for right now. A intersect C complement intersect B complement. But I'm going to regroup using the associative property inside the second one here because I like what is lining up here. This is C complement intersect C. Now what is C complement intersect C? This is one of the basic properties of the empty set from theorem 5.18. And that says that this thing here, I'll just switch to red. This thing here is the empty set. C intersect is complement is the empty set. So let's rewrite what we can. And this will be A intersect C complement, parenthesis intersect B complement, union with A intersect the empty set. Now look again what I have. I have A intersect the empty set. Well that is this whole thing here A intersect C complement, parenthesis intersect B complement, union with the empty set. Now when I intersect with the empty set, I get the empty set. It's like multiplying by zero. When I union with the empty set, I get it's like adding zero. I get this entire line equal to A intersect C complement intersect B complement. Now let's just pause for a second. So that's kind of complicated. I told you it was going to be long and complex. It's fairly complicated but look where we are. I have, I'm down to here, A intersect C complement intersect B complement. Now page back, what we wanted to show and where we were was almost that exact same thing. In fact that's exactly where we are. I just have to do one extra thing to get that red box to show up. And that is to simply regroup what's inside and switch orders around. So through a combination of the associative and the commutative property for intersections, I can rewrite this as A. Sorry I didn't mean to put a parenthesis there. A intersect B complement intersect C complement. And that is where I was on the previous page. So I will just refer back to the previous page here. And so that actually, if you chain all this stuff together, this actually proves it. And I want to explain why because that may not be obvious at this point. Let me back up and just kind of read this from front to back here. So I started with A minus B parenthesis minus C. I got this through the, through the basic property that we proved. I got this through the basic property that we proved. And I got this through grouping through the associative property. Now this is this. Right now read backwards from here. This is equal to this. This is equal to this is equal to this is equal to this is equal to this is equal to this is equal to this which is finally equal to this. So although I was working backwards, I could very easily rewrite this to be completely going forwards and prove my result. And in fact, I just want to show you what that would look like if you rewrote this as a completely forwards proof. I would start with this statement here, the thing I'm trying to work with. And here is the combination of the first two steps that I used before using that basic property, regrouping commutative law to switch the ordering here, associative property to regroup these, these, these symbols here. And here's where if you're reading this from front to back, you might wonder what, what just happened? Where did this come from? Well, I can certainly this is equal to this here because of the basic properties of the empty set. Now I didn't come up with that by looking at this and thinking, hey, I should union all this with the empty set. I came up with that because I had been working backwards. And this is just kind of where I ended up. So I worked backwards, but I'm rewriting the proof going forwards. This is a very common problem solving trick as you work a little bit forwards and a little bit backwards and eventually you meet in the middle. This is the essence of the no show proofs way way back that we introduced in chapter one. So anyhow, just to see the rest of this proof, I have this, this empty set that is the same thing as this by the laws of the intersecting with the empty set continued. I had this is was the previous line. The empty set can be written as C intersect C complement. And now the rest of this is just using the properties that I have here. I'm just regrouping here. I'm distributing it's almost like refactoring more than distributing here. I'm using a law using De Morgan's laws and here is that basic property again. So in the end, I have this equals this. So that's a really long and complicated proof. And if you understood most or all of that, then you're to be congratulated. If not, then go back and go slowly over this and just realize that sometimes when you're proving identities, you can't just go forward, you go a little bit forward and a little bit backward, meet in the middle and then rewrite the whole thing as if it were going forward. And that's a perfectly valid problem solving technique because we're not assuming the conclusion holds. We're finding a connection between the given and the conclusion. And that's okay. Thanks a lot.


And now in sports, two of the finest tacticians of the modern game will go head-to-head in the Champions League final today. But Chelsea manager Thomas Tuchel said it was wrong to view the match as a clash between himself and Manchester City boss Pep Guardiola. Tuchel is seeking his first Champions League title after losing out to Bayern Munich with Paris Saint-Germain in last season's final. While Guardiola is looking to add to the two titles he won as coach of Barcelona in 2009 and 2011, Chelsea have beaten City twice since Tuchel took charge of the London club in January, winning in the FA Cup semi-final and then in the Premier League at the Etihad Stadium. Tuchel is under no illusions about the size of the task facing his team against the Premier League champions in Porto. Tuchel added that he had no injury problems heading into the game with goalkeeper Edward Mendy and midfielder Ungolo Kante training with the squad. Against him because we don't have a match of tennis tomorrow. We arrive with our teams and Pep will prepare his team and I will prepare my team in the best way possible. We have two experiences now against them in different competitions and two different matches, two different line-ups, tomorrow will be a very different line-up I think from Man City. But nevertheless we have the experience of how much we had to suffer, we have the experience of how brave and how courageous we need also to play in certain moments of the game. For me it's about this tomorrow. It's always tough to play against City, Bayern or Barcelona when Pep is at the sideline. They create and he creates this team with this huge belief and this huge success and continuously winning mentality. To lead the team out in the final of the Champions League is obviously a moment that I'm really proud of but we want to win it and of course I wish I'm even prouder after the game. We are ready to give everything, we know that it's a massive opportunity. It took nine years to be back in a final of the Champions League for the club so obviously it's a big opportunity for everybody.


J-P-L-L-O! The Jello program starring Jack Benny with Mary Livingston and Phil Harris and his orchestra. The orchestra opens a program with Bojangles of Harlem from the picture swing time. Here's timely news for these exciting football days. The weekly American high school magazine called Scholastic recently asked the 274 high school coaches to list the foods they recommend for football squads and training. Here are the results. Milk headed the beverage list. Apples were first among fruits. And Jello topped all other desserts. That vote of confidence means a lot to Jello. For those 274 coaches, represent some 245,000 high school athletes. Jello is good for them, but that isn't all. Jello also tastes good to them, extra good. And not only to athletes, but to everyone else, old and young as well. For Jello is luscious of all gelatin desserts, Jello and only Jello brings you that delicious extra rich fruit flavor. So if you want the best, don't accept any substitutes. Get the real thing. Insist on genuine Jello. And now, ladies and gentlemen, we bring you the star of two Paramount Pictures, Jack Benny. Love sends a little gift of roses. Oh Don, you got my introduction wrong. It's not the star of two Paramount Pictures. It's the star of many Paramount Pictures. Oh, sorry, Jack, my error. So now, ladies and gentlemen, we bring you the star of two many Paramount Pictures, Jack Benny. That's better. Oh, say Don, come here a minute.  Now some people seem to think that when I mentioned my performance and my new picture, the big broadcast, I was just a little bit too egotistical. Oh, did they notice it too? Well, I was only trying to be fair, that's all. You know, if I was bad, I'd be the first one to admit it. I imagine. And you know, Don, just to check on it, I went to the Paramount Theater every night this past week to see the picture. Oh, that must have been fun. Yeah. And let me tell you something.  Oh, that's great. Now you'll have some place to go next week. Jack, wasn't it pretty tiresome seeing the same show day in and day out? Well, yes, Don, I must admit that after the third day, that newsreel got pretty monotonous. I began to anticipate what was coming. You know, Spain is in pretty bad shape right now. So are you. Pardon me, sir, but these microphones are for the use of the cast only. I'm sorry. Either way, people walk around here. Where were we, Don? At the Paramount. Oh, yes, is the feature on yet? I mean, I guess we've said enough about the picture. Jack, I meant to ask you, did you hear any comment on the Anthony adverse play that you did last Sunday? Well, yes. And incidentally, Sam Harris, the New York producer, heard the program and offered me $3,000 a week to play Anthony adverse on the stage. $3,000 a week? Yes, and Don, be careful. You know how fast these things get around.  I will breathe it to a soul. Oh, you don't have to go that far, Don. You can tell a few friends. Okay. Hello, Jack. What are you bragging about this week? Oh, nothing. I was just telling Don about Sam Harris, the New York producer. He offered me $4,000 a week to play Anthony adverse on the stage, you know, Frederick March's part. Are you surprised, Mary? No, I was calling my dog. You know, Jack, I'm surprised Sam Harris didn't get Frederick March for the part. Now, Don, I'm sure Mr. Harris knows what he's doing. Besides, I think there's something March-like about me. Don't you, Mary? You're full of wind if that's what you mean. That didn't mean the month of March, Miss Livingston. Anyway, I don't know what to do about the offer. Do you think you'll take it, Jack? Oh, I don't know. Say, $5,000 a week is quite attractive, you know. Gee, I hardly believe it. Neither do I. Well, it's the truth. And by the way, Mary, remember, keep it strictly confidential, you know. Don't worry, Jack. I'll tell everybody. Thanks, Jack. Showing off because Loretta Young is sitting in the audience.  All her work in the picture, then. Well, Don, Sam Harris wired me to select my own leading lady out here in Hollywood. Nice gesture on his part. Yes, surely was. Yeah, I don't know who to pick out. I have so many favorites. Mary, who's your favorite movie star? Carrie Grant. Fine, I'll look nice playing opposite Carrie Grant. I mean your favorite leading lady. Oh, I don't know. I like Universal. Universal, a movie star? Yeah, she works at Metro. That's Unimercal. Universal. Say, she wouldn't be bad, you know. Love sends a little gift of Kenny. Hello, Jack. Oh, hello, Kenny. Tell him, Don. Kenny, did you hear about the swell proposition Jack had? No, what was it? Oh, nothing, Kenny. Sam Harris just offered me $7,000 a week to play Anthony Advert. $7,000? What happened to six? You know, Kenny, what really bothers me is I got to find a leading lady out here and I don't know who to get. Who's your favorite movie star? Tallulah Bank Knight. Tallulah Bank Knight. Kenny, you mean Bankhead. It's not Bank Knight. Oh, I don't care. I never win anyway. Well, what do you go for? Blonde. Why, Kenny? I'm surprised at you. That's all right. He never wins anyway. Listen, Kenny, I told you about my offer from Harris and strict confidence. So, uh, you know what I mean, keep it under your hat. Gee, I never wear one. No, you never wear one. You ever hear of anybody wearing two? I did. Who? Amos and Andy. Well, that was my fault. Hmm, Amos and Andy. Who's he? Who's he? That's Amos and Andy. They're on the radio. Oh, I thought I was.  Oh, he does not. He does, too. He does not. Don't listen to him, Mary. My Kenny, what's the matter with you? I was sticking up for you. You were not. I was, too. Don't listen to him, Kenny. Oh, for heaven's sake. Play, Phil. I will not. You will, too. All right. He was the craziest mob I ever saw. You will not. You will, too. You will not. You will not. That was, I will not. Played by, I mean, South Sea Island Magic. Played by Phil Harris and his Haristocrats of Melody. I kind of like that. I certainly think of some cute names for your orchestra, don't I, Phil? Yeah, but you're cute anyway. I think so. See me when I'm shaved. Say, Jack, I hear you have an opportunity to appear on the legitimate stage. Is that right? Oh, yes. Yes. Well, are you going to do it? Well, I'd like to. Sam Harris is a swell guy to work for. And a change is good for anybody. Of course, Phil, you'll keep this under your hat, won't you? Well, I'm sorry, but I just loaned it to Kenny. No. I never saw a program with so few hats. Mary, what are you laughing at? Knock, knock. Oh, all right. Who's there? Few hats. Few hats who? Few hats who? Few hats and better jokes. I wouldn't have to knock, knock. Isn't that silly? Well, Jack, I want to wish you a lot of success in your new venture. Sort of looks like you're going from one Harris to another. Oh, yes. Say, and Phil, you don't happen to be related to him, do you, Phil? No, Jack. You see, he spells his name, H-A-R-R-I-S. I see. How do you spell yours? Y-O-U-R-S. Oh. Well, there is a difference there. Pardon me, Mr. Harris. I just finished the raising of your last number. Who am I about to leave now? No, go right ahead. Oh, just a minute. Say, Jack, you haven't met my new arranger, have you? No, no. Well, I want you to shake hands with Mr. Blue. He's a great admirer of yours. Well, well, I'm very glad to know you, Mr. Blue. Oh, that's all right. Well, have you, have you been with Phil a long time? Well, I used to have my own orchestra in San Diego, but I've been with this band now about four or five weeks.  Well, what made you give it up? Well, we were playing in a great big ballroom, and the awful big place, but, but nobody ever showed up and those things kind of depressed me. Well, that's, that's too bad. And now you're an arranger. Are you from California? No, I'm, I'm a Texas arranger. Very good, very good. Well, Mr. Blue, you know, I'm quite a musician myself. I'm a violinist. Oh, a fiddle, eh? Well, yes. In fact, the violin was really my first love. You don't sing? Oh, yes, yes. Boy, were you jiltin'? Quiet. Well, I'm very glad to have met you, Mr. Blue. It's been a great pleasure, and I hope you'll be on this program for a long time. Thanks, so how will I hope you will, too? Good. Awfully nice fellow. What do you think of Mary? Things like that depressed me. Oh. Hey. Hey, Kenny, where's Kenny? Here I am, Jack. Oh, it's time for your song. What's it going to be tonight? Well, Jack, I want to do something real good, so I'm going to sing, and make me leave for Shabbat. All right, go ahead. Oh, wait a minute, say, Don, we're about halfway through our program. Haven't you been strangely silent? What do you mean, Jack? You know. Oh, yes, Jack. Jello is first in favor because it's first in flavor. So be sure to insist on genuine jello, which comes in six delicious flavors. Strawberry, raspberry, cherry. Oh, it's live, it's live. You know, we should have been vaccinated before Mr. Blue came in. Sing, Kenny, sing. The game of just supposing is the sweetest game I know. Our dreams are more romantic than the world we see. And if the things we dream about don't happen to be so, that's just an unimportant technicality. He could make believe I love you. Others find peace of mind in pretending. Couldn't you? Couldn't I end in a phantom kiss or two? That was Jerome Kern's Make-Believe sung by Kenny Baker with Phil Harris at the baton. And it really was thrilling. Jack, that's swell. Thanks a lot. Phil, I meant that for Kenny. Oh, thanks, Jack. Well, it was really swell, Kenny. It was great. It was so clear. And I don't know, your voice seemed to be so high tonight. Oh, you just heard it because my salary's so low. Well, Kenny, next week, sing a sleep in the deep and you won't notice it. I'm going to wait for that laugh. I think it's awfully good. And now, ladies and gentlemen, before going any further with tonight's program, I feel that I must take advantage of this opportunity and announce our feature attraction for next week. I'm sure that all of you have heard of Shakespeare and most of you are familiar with his words, especially Romeo and Juliet. Well, that's what we're going to present for your entertainment next Sunday night. Our version of Romeo and Juliet. See, a double feature. Yes. Thanks, night two and a... I wanted to keep this a surprise, but we've put so much time and thought into it that I simply cannot restrain myself any longer. Are you glad? Hooray. Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. Don't forget Romeo and Juliet, the greatest romance of all time. A story as tender as a rosebud. As thrilling as love's young dreams. As touching as a letter from home. As tempting as a dish of jello. As strong as the rock of Gibraltar. And slow as molasses. Quiet. We'll speed it up. And now, ladies and gentlemen, we will present tonight a preview of some of the highlights from this immortal classic, which we are going to offer next week. Romeo and Juliet. Romance. Ah, Juliet, my love. Wherefore art thou, Juliet? Up here on yon balcony. Come, climb up to me, Romeo. Wait, my sweet, whilst I build this ladder. Suspense. Ah, Juliet, my beech-proseth. The ladder is nearly finished. Tell me, is thine father home? Yes. Gazoo. Grandma. Well, children, it sure is nice to see you all this evening. And I... She said, grandma, not grandma. Oh, nurse. Tragedy. Palmy thinks my task is complete. I shall ascend yon ladder to my love. Now, can this be the balcony? No, this is a mezzanine. The balcony is three flights up. Then I shall climb further. The art thou heard. Art thou heard, Romeo? What's Romeo heard? Will he recover? Can the ladder be fixed? Don't tell him, Don. Make him listen. Go and listen in next Sunday night when we offer our complete version of Romeo and Juliet. Ha, to be or not to be, that is the question. Answer the phone, Mary. Will you ask New York calling if Mr. Lawton Campbell of General Food? Oh, the board. Well... Hello? Hello, Mr. Campbell. Yes, yes. Did you hear what we're going to do next Sunday night? What's that? Oh. Well, I thought it was a swell idea. But, Mr. Campbell, we've spent a lot of time preparing it and, gee, we've already built the ladder. No, no, it isn't the money. It's the principle of the thing. Now, what? Now, now, wait a minute, Mr. Campbell. I know you're the sponsor and your word is law, but I've always tried to please you and I think this is going just a little too far. Careful what you say, Jack. Please, Don. Now, listen, Mr. Campbell, I don't want to argue about this thing, but I've been in show business for good many years and I think I know the pulse of the public. Watch your blood pressure, Jack. Oh, yeah? Well, let me tell you something. I've already announced Romeo and Juliet and we're going to do it. Gee, I'm scared. Okay, Mr. Campbell, okay. I don't care if this is my last program. Yeah, I realize what this means, but whether you like it or not, Romeo and Juliet is going on next Sunday night. Goodbye. Hmm. How do you like that? How do you... Gee, that burns me up. Please, Don, this heat, this jungle. That was last week. Oh, yeah. This thing has got me all upset. Jack, weren't you just a little bit too hasty? Well, who wouldn't be? You're working slave and trying to do something high class and what does it get you?  Oh, take it easy, Jack. Oh, take it easy, huh? You guess we're trying to do something new and different.  You stay out of this. It ain't Charles Lawson talking, either. Now, listen, fellas, we're going through with this. We'll find out who's running this program. Boss or no boss? Romeo and Juliet goes on next Sunday night. At our boy, Jack. Yes, sir. It's Sir Ray. It kills me. Say, Don... Yes, Jack? Do you think there are enough people familiar with the story of this? Why, certainly, Jack. Every school child knows it. Well, I mean, do you think there are enough school children? You know, I don't want to do something that... What's the matter now? You're trying to get out of it? Who, me? No, but you have to be careful about Romeo and Juliet. It's a little risque, you know. I have to watch out for the kitties. Oh, so you got. Yeah. Oh, it isn't that. I just don't believe in dashing into things blindly. And then, I don't know, Romeo and Juliet isn't topical. Why, it is too, Jack. The picture is out and everybody is talking about it. That's what I mean. It's too topical, isn't it? Now, listen, fellas, maybe we ought to postpone Romeo and Juliet. You know, we can always do it. Gee, give me the phone, Mary. Here it is.  No, no, I'm all right. Operator, give me long distance, please. Yeah. Say, you know what I think, Don? If we long distance, I want to get New York City, Ashland, 8400. Yeah, then hurry, please. Say, kid, you can go home if you want to.  There's nothing else to do. I'll see you later. Good night, fellas. So long. Hurry that up, operator. Hello? Oh, I thought I heard someone. Hello? Hello? I want to speak to Mr. Campbell, please. Mr. Campbell? This is Jack Dunney again. Yeah. Yes. Say, when we were talking about the two of you, I thought you were a little shaky. Yes, to say, when we were talking before, yeah, you know what I was kidding about, Nick Lee's program. Well, this is awfully funny. I'll bet, Mr. Campbell, I bet you really thought we were going to do Romeo and Juliet. You did? That's one on you. Yes, yes, I sure will, yes, sir. Well, look, Mr. Campbell, what would you suggest we do next Sunday night? Oh, fellas, clever as you must have some idea. What's that? A minstrel show? Oh, you mean a real old-fashioned minstrel show? Oh, sure. Thanks. Yeah, I think that's a swell idea. What's that? Oh, no, Mr. Campbell, no, you can't be the interloper. That's my job. So I'll have to put my foot down there. Mildly, of course. Well, goodbye, Mr. Campbell. Thanks for calling. Oh, yes, I called you. Well, thanks anyway. Oh, say, Mr. Campbell, I sure was a bad boy, wasn't I? Well, goodbye. Goodbye. Oh, Jack. Why, Mary, I thought you went home. Well, I decided to wait for you, Jack. I was a little worried. Oh, everything is OK. In fact, I have a surprise for you, Mary. I just thought of a terrific idea. You know what I think we ought to do next Sunday night? What? A minstrel show. A real old-fashioned minstrel show. Gee, that's swell. Do you think Mr. Campbell will let you do it? Oh, I think so. He's a regular guy. He's a regular guy. He's a regular guy. He's a real old-fashioned minstrel show. Do you think we ought to do it? Oh, I think so. He's a regular guy. Say, if he tried to stop me from doing that, I'd really blow up. Jack, what made you think of a minstrel show? Oh, I don't know. It just flashed through my mind. I guess you'd call it inspiration. You know what inspiration means, Mary, huh? Yeah, an order from the boss.  Say, Mary, if you wait a few minutes, I'll take you home. OK. I won't be long. Play, boys. Bum, bum, bum. Extra, extra good news. The makers of Jello have discovered a way to give you rich, luscious chocolate pudding far more easily and far more economically than ever before. With the new Jello chocolate pudding powder, you can make real old-fashioned pudding, smooth, creamy, and chocolaty, just like the ones grandmother used to make back in the good old days. Now you can have them again, and this is all you have to do. Just combine the contents of a package of Jello chocolate pudding with some milk in the top of your double boiler, until it becomes smooth and thick. When the mixture has cooled, serve it in sherbet glasses. You'll have enough for six helpings, and that means six happy people. Jello chocolate pudding is so simple, so inexpensive, and so downright delicious, that you mustn't delay trying it. Ask your grocer for Jello chocolate pudding, and if he hasn't put it in stock yet, be sure he orders it for you. Remember the name, Jello chocolate pudding. This is the last number of the fourth program in the new Jello series, and we'll be black next week with our minstrel show. Get it? Mr. Benny. Oh, Mr. Blue, are you still here? Say, I heard you talk about that minstrel show next week, and I'd like to be in it. Why, what could you do? Well, I thought that maybe I could sort of play the villain. A villain and a minstrel show. Good night, folks. J-E-L-L-O! This program originated in the NBC studios in Hollywood. This is the red network of the national broadcasting company.


Do you want to learn how to trade stocks and cryptocurrency? Join our community of traders. Go to richpicksdaily.com and find the next 10Bagger. What's everybody doing today? I am your host Rich here on behalf of Rich TV Live and I'm here with my very special guest, Ronnie Jagerman, a director of Waterways Technologies. How are you doing today, Ronnie? Great. Good morning, Vancouver. It's late afternoon here in Israel. Rich, thank you very much for interviewing. I really appreciate the opportunity and the ball is yours. Fantastic. Well, I'm excited to learn more about your company and when I started doing a little bit of research, I right away felt like your company was undervalued, under-appreciated, under-exposed and we're going to get right into why. Waterways had revenues last year at around $12 million, which right there tells me because you're at $0.15 that you're already undervalued and received over $10 million in orders in Q1, giving it a run rate of $40 million in 2021. Is Waterways likely to maintain the momentum going forward? Yes. We're having a very good year. You can see our results for the first quarter, which were sales of 5.5 million Canadian dollars in revenue and $550,000 in EBITDA, that's almost 10% or it is 10%. Our order backlog is at a record high. This was the best quarter for the company ever and we're seeing our business really around the world very strong. We've had a very strong Canadian business, a very strong Chinese business and our business side of Israel is also extremely strong and I think we can keep that momentum going on during all the part of the year. That's incredible. You've recently opened up subsidiaries in Canada and China. Do you see Waterways opening up more subsidiaries in other regions and if so, where would those be? Yes, I do. It is our strategy and one of the reasons that we went public and we're very successful. The first strategy we took was entering Canada by buying the assets of a Canadian Irrigation Distributor Heartland Grove based south of London and Ontario and that proved to be a winner. This was a distributor of irrigation equipment. Its owner, John Paul, was very successful but it had the normal problems of small companies. We came in and acquired the assets of the company, put John Paul as CEO of the company and we saw the business growing from a $2 million Canadian business to $4 million last year and we're still growing in that business this year which brings us to a good hold foothold in the Canadian Irrigation Market which is we're still small players. It's a $100 million market. We're still only four or five percent of the market and we intend to grow to be dominant in the market. We did the same thing in China. We had a distributor for years in China. Waterways is not a young company. It started in 2006. We were doing for four or five years business in China but selling component to our Chinese distributor which was actually a project company. We did the same thing. We acquired the assets. We opened a Chinese subsidiary. It picked up very slow because unfortunately beginning of 2020 was COVID and Chinese business was seized 100% but last quarter of last year we saw the business starting and again we have a very good quarter in China in the first quarter and we see the business really picking up and we focus in China on high yielding crops. We did one project with Driscoll which is the largest grower in the world of berries. It's an American company which grows berries in over 21 countries around the world and I'm confident that this business would grow. Once we've established the strategy we seek to grow in other territories i.e. in western Canada, in the United States, in Peru where we have a good stronghold, foothold and in other places around the world. What are your main drivers of demand for waterways in the future? It's very easy. Our earth is warming. Nobody seems to do anything about it. Trump was of course against it but even now earth is warming. Warming means there's less water. Water is becoming scarce which means if you want to grow crops, I just read yesterday that food is a new oil. That was yesterday in an article and water is getting scarce so in order to irrigate and crops that crop doesn't grow without good irrigation, you need to use smart irrigation or drip irrigation or you need to put brains into the irrigation and that's where Israel comes into the field. We've had an arid country since the day Israel was founded in 1948 and farmers in Israel and farming companies and irrigation companies has to develop systems to use irrigation or water in a smart way because water is very scarce in Israel. And Rich, I told you to come to Israel. If you come today to Israel, Israel is extremely green. It's not any more desert and that because water was used in a very efficient way. And that is why waterways is in a great position to boom because the demand of smart irrigation is growing extensively around the world. Our biggest project we did ever was a four million dollar project in Uzbekistan. You wouldn't think and to smart irrigate cotton. Now this is not a smart, a cotton is a medium yield crop not like cannabis or berries or anything but you wouldn't think that in a place like Uzbekistan they would invest four million dollars in an irrigation system which is probably much more expensive than flood irrigation and invest that amount for a cotton field and this is all around the world. So it's in Canada. If you drive from London south and you see the vineyards on the way to Niagara Falls, they're all drip irrigated all by Israeli technology period. So that's the world and the demand is growing and that's our huge chance to grow in the market because the world market for smart irrigation is anywhere between two billion to three billion dollars a year. Fully dominated, 80% dominated by companies from Israel. Well guess where you said whatever companies I can't name numbers because of you know because I can't give you forward-looking statement we're a public company but we're a fraction of that market, a fraction. We still have so much room to grow and become a hundred million dollar company. The opportunity is just there. That's great. Now you mentioned this a little bit. Israel has become an industry hub for agricultural technology with around 400 plus agri-tech startups. Can you tell our viewers on why that is and how waterways fits into the mix? Okay, why that is very easy. I mean there's no, we need always to develop because that is the only way agriculture could grow in Israel. Okay so development is part of the system. I don't know if you know, do you like cherry tomatoes? Yes, absolutely. Cherry tomatoes were developed in Israel. Oh wow. Developed in the White House Institute. Actually the professor who won the prize for it is father of one of my best friends. Oh wow, that's great. So that's sort of what we do in Israel and of course with tech companies money just pouring now into Israel in the last two or three years. Agtech is very important. It's a very important part of Israel, of the Israeli culture and the Israeli R&D. And that's why you see, you know, there's money, there's startups, there's brains. We have two universities who excel in development of agriculture, of growing and anything around that and drone technology, whatever you could think of, irrigation technology, sensors, anything like that. And that's why you can see 800 startups in the field in Israel. And we'll do what we're doing now. We will integrate into the waterways, both manufacturing and marketing capabilities, leading technologies that are developed in Israel. So we're part of it. We're seeing startups, we're seeing different technologies, and we'll encompass those technologies into our sales and marketing system. Sounds great. What type of margins do you receive on your projects and what can investors expect long term? Okay, so normally on a project, our margins are anywhere between 20 to 30%. Okay, which is okay, it's not high. We're seeking to improve that dramatically. We have improved, if you look at the gross numbers, they've improved also dramatically in Q1 versus last year. And we seek to improve that by bringing in technology, by developing, for instance, we're now putting our own control system into the irrigation system. So we'll have more products which are developed by us. As we grow, we'll have much more efficiency in acquiring components, acquiring raw materials, economics of growth, and I'm sure you can see our margins improve in the coming years. Is DataWay going to create software SaaS revenues in the future? We're not 100% sure about that. We've tried to bring that technology in a SaaS model and we found out that it's not so easy to imply and to implement in the business of farming. So we have incorporated and are incorporating that system as a control unit, as a very smart control unit to the farmer in any irrigation projects that we install, especially in the cannabis sector. And there's still SaaS business to be developed. I don't think it's going to happen this year, but probably in the coming years. Super excited to learn more about this company. We're going to be putting it on our radar. We're going to be putting it on our watchlist. Thank you for joining us today, Ronnie Jagermann, Director of Waterways Technologies. Rich, so much. Thanks so much for having me. I really enjoyed our interview. And thanks for everybody who's listening to me. Always a pleasure. Now, if you're new to Waterways Technologies, put it on your radar, put on your watchlist. If you like the video, smash the like button, comment down below, share the video everywhere and subscribe. Remember, Rich TV Live is strictly for information and education purposes. Please do your due diligence, do your research before you invest in anything that we talk about here in Rich TV Live. If you like the video, if you like the company, all you need to do is comment, smash the like, and let us know. Thank you for watching. If you're not winning, you're not watching. Here at Rich TV Live, we bring you the winners and we bring them to you first. Thank you, Ronnie. Thanks for watching, everybody. Have a nice day. Bye from Israel.


Hey everyone. In this presentation, we will discuss about migrating Prometheus data between different storage systems. Before we start, a brief introduction about me. I am Hargishan Singh. I am an active open source contributor to Prometheus upstream. I live in Bhubaneshwar, India, and I work as a software engineer at TimeScale. I am maintainer of PromScale, which is a high-performance Prometheus data storage built on top of Postgres. That's about me. Let's begin with the topic. Our motivation behind developing a migration tool for Prometheus was that at present, there are 27 officially listed remote storage systems for Prometheus. However, there are no good ways to migrate between them. There can be a lot of reasons for migrating Prometheus data. For example, privacy, high cardinality, scalability, etc. The lack of proper migration tool leaves users with bad choices. They are forced to throw away data in old systems or run through systems parallelly, the old and the new one, or they don't go for any changes. This is an example of vendor lock-in. That's why we created PromMigrator. PromMigrator supports a wide range of Prometheus-compliant remote storage systems. Here is a compatibility table of different storage systems with PromMigrator. Limitations are of respective storage systems and not of PromMigrator. Please note that with backfill, we mean pushing data to a storage system that already has a webstream data than the data being actually pushed. Let's see how it works. Consider a scenario of migration. We want to pull data from the storage on the left to that on the right. PromMigrator pulls data in form of consecutive slabs. Each slab contains data in form of a time range. This time range increases with consecutive slabs by a minute. As you can see, after pulling a slab, PromMigrator pushes it to storage on the right and at the same time pulls the next slab from the storage from the left. This is how data is migrated in PromMigrator. Data migrations can be from a few megabytes to several petabytes. PromMigrator knows that migrations can be memory intensive. For this reason, PromMigrator aims for a target memory usage in such a way that there is a perfect balance between speed of data migration and the visualization of memory. It follows an addictive increase of time range when below the target memory region and multiplicative decrease when the memory usage exceeds the target region. When within the aim target region, the time range remains constant. Let's understand this better with the graph. We start with the slabs from one minute and go with an increasing order of time, time range. And as we reach target region, the time range is constant. And if we exceed the target region of memory usage, we do a multiplicative decrease, which is by half, which is five minutes.  PromMigrator can gracefully restart after a failure or interruption. The ability to restart is achieved by pushing a max time of the last slab as a separate time series. This max time is fetched when the magnet starts the next time, which can be after a crash. And it treats that as a starting point of current migration. With this, we achieve a goal of completely stateless working model that tracks progress interactively and can resume migration process in case of a failure or interruption during the migration process. This model has better control on memory in runtime and can migrate faster using concurrent pulling and pushing off data. For more details, we have further links to our demo video, design doc, GitHub repository, and readme. If you want to try out the tool, please visit the download page over here. For easy written information, you can go to readme.org for migrator. Thank you very much for your kind attention.


Hey guys, welcome back, Thundee here and today we're going to be comparing two smartphones in the top tier category. I'm talking about the Oppo Fine X3 Pro versus the Galaxy S21 Ultra to find out which of these reign supreme or you should pick up or whatever you like or you know what it's fine let's just get started. All right so we have two top tier devices and if you're watching us for the very first time don't forget to hit that subscribe button and notification icon to watch more videos like this. So I have both the Fine X3 Pro and the Galaxy S21 Ultra. Both devices are 6.7 inches they have of course similar screen size but there are differences with that. We know the S21 Ultra quite well so let's take a look at the Oppo Fine X3 Pro. First off you have a device that has a unique design with a camera hump at the back that's one of the very first things you notice because it's got this ramp up feel to it as opposed to other devices that either has a hump, a clear hump or with the S21 Ultra that kind of blends to the side and we have some distinct cameras built into these. We've got a 50 megapixel main wide lens we've also got a fixed 50 megapixel ultra-wide camera we do have a 5x telephoto and we have a not a macro but a micro lens a 3 megapixel micro lens which is quite interesting there to see. Now the device itself overall is really nice and well built although the variant I have here is that super shiny blackish silver I'm not a fan of it I wish I got the matte version there is a matte version and definitely pick that up first. Now this device comes of course with a 12 gigs RAM Snapdragon AAA processor you do have a 4500 mAh battery thus that thin design look and of course a USB port to charge. Now speaking of charging when you compare it against the Galaxy S21 Ultra it does come with this own charger in the box while the S21 Ultra has forgotten that so that's a big up there for Oppo plus it comes with a 65 watt charger which is great compared to the 25 watt charger that is standard if you want to use to get fast charging on the Galaxy S21 Ultra so that's also a big plus here. Now when it comes to audio they both have stereo speakers which is nice but the Galaxy S21 Ultra does come with the app so I do like that addition there. Now back to the displays 6.7 inches for both devices you do have punch holes for both. Galaxy S21 Ultra is in the center while the the Oppo Find X3 Pro is towards your left hand side now both displays are for 120 hertz refresh rate which is of course adaptive so you do have that feature built for both devices remember Oppo did have 120 hertz last year but not adaptive so again quite similar. Now when you've got adaptive refresh rate like that 120 hertz you've got a snapdragon AAA processor 12 gigs of RAM you expect to see some gaming so let's talk about gaming as you can see it supports and plays any kind of game you can think of whether it's it's a PUBG mobile, Call of Duty mobile or Genshin Impact. Now when it comes to stats and specs let's take a look at Genshin Impact on both devices now the S21 Ultra here is the snapdragon version and also this is a snapdragon Oppo Find X3 Pro when it comes to stats playing Genshin Impact for 30 minutes for both devices the S21 Ultra comes in at 51 frames per second which is much lower than would expect while the Oppo Find X3 Pro comes in at 56 frames per second which is great so you've got a four FPS improvement here the one thing I'll notice is if you're watching the gameplay clips that I showed earlier of the Oppo Find X3 Pro I noticed I was getting some jump arounds while playing Call of Duty mobile and PUBG mobile it wasn't frame rate drops it looks like there was just connectivity issues constantly so that is something to bear in mind but again this device has not been officially released so I'm sure we'll get fixed but in terms of gaming performance we've seen a slight edge now here's where the Galaxy S21 Ultra does much better the Oppo Find X3 Pro runs super hard 120 degrees about 50 degrees Celsius while the Galaxy S21 Ultra comes in roughly around 112 degrees so much better temperatures for the Galaxy S21 Ultra now of course the next thing we should focus on is cameras now both devices have some really great camera arrays as we mentioned Oppo has 250 megapixel cameras while the Galaxy S21 Ultra has 108 megapixel camera with of course periscope zoom up to 10x so let's take a look at some camera footage from both devices so this is 4k 60 on both devices and we're walking and wearing a mask and talking at the same time so you get an idea of what image quality is like and also audio quality we've got the Oppo Find X3 Pro on my left the Galaxy S21 Ultra on my right so Oppo does not do 4k 60 on the front facing camera Samsung does but I'm recording both at 1080p 60 giving me this example so you can clearly see and then we will finalize this and continue this video both devices provide some really solid images doing daytime with the Galaxy S21 Ultra of course having that periscope zoom which is nice to see especially if you're sight-seeing and giving you a better advantage to look at things at a far the distance the Oppo Find X3 Pro has some really good HDR as you can see in some of the images we showed earlier and it does have that microscopic zoom which can be fun to use but I don't see any practical use for it it does also have a macro zoom using the wide angle lens so that is something you can do with the Oppo Find X3 Pro I think in terms of camera quality I think Oppo has done a good job but I think the Galaxy S21 Ultra does have the slightly upper hand with that especially with video recording and audio as well now finally of course let's talk about battery here both devices have large batteries with the Galaxy S21 Ultra coming with 5000mAh thus the chunky nature of the S21 Ultra while the Oppo Find X3 Pro comes with a 4500mAh battery I didn't do a battery test on each one but you can look at the numbers and say 4500 is smaller than 5000 but not by much but you just have to wait and see if you're looking at batteries if you want a bigger battery the Galaxy S21 Ultra offers you a bigger battery here so looking at both devices I think Oppo provides something that people would like to use and see the operating system looks really nice ColorOS has done a lot of huge improvements and it's quite easy to navigate just like you have with of course one UI 3.1 if you have any questions or any comments guys let me know is there any device you would like to pick between the one of the two do you think the Oppo is the winner do you think the Galaxy S21 Ultra is the winner leave your thoughts down below otherwise don't forget to like share subscribe and watch our very next video about the ROG Phone 3


I said, he looks suspicious. For no, I said he looks suspicious. And they're feeling. I had that feeling. So I watched him walk that way. So I went to go get in my car and then the guy that was a shooter was coming from this way. And I shot, you know, my arm. And then I balled up and got shot in the back and I broke my femur and stuff like that. You know what I mean? And the guy that was walking, he hopped over me. He was in distraction. And then so he hopped over me. I was like, I was looking up at him. I thought he was going to hit me in the head. Yeah, we on boss talk, one on one. And when you got shot. I couldn't end you, sorry. I could go there with you because this is real, man. And I'll let you ask your question because you say when you got shot, so I'm not going to get up. When you got shot, you got shot before you went to prison? I got shot after I got out of prison. After you got out of prison.  Yes, yes. And got shot. And I got shot. What happened? I came out of the barber shop and I saw a guy that went like that. And I went to watch him walk going that way. I watched it. Oh, look. I said that he looks suspicious. For no, I said he looks suspicious. And that feeling. I had that feeling. So I watched him walk that way. So I went to go get in my car. And then the guy that was a shooter was coming from this way. And I shot, you know, my arm. And then I balled up and got shot in the back. And my broke my femur and stuff like that. You know what I mean? And the guy that was walking. He was a distraction. Yeah. And then so he hopped over me. I was like, oh, I was looking up at him. I thought he was going to hit me in the head. But then he just jumped over him and he kept going. So I seen him. Did they try to rob you or anything? No, no, it wasn't. It wasn't no right. It wasn't that type of thing. Intended target, you know? I had it. I had it coming. But because I don't owe on people to know, like, you don't have to owe somebody no money. You don't have to be no snitch. You don't have to instill it to go down. You know what I'm saying? Yeah, you can really go down. They can really go down over nothing. And a lot of these guys, a lot of my young guys, they think, you know, like, well, if I don't owe no money or if I don't know what I'm saying or if you don't, yeah, I'm good or if I don't have my jewelry on or whatever. You know what I'm saying? So that's the truth. My God had something else planned for you. Yeah, that's why I used to live here. I just, I love the fact, man. Like I said, I keep going back to the fact of how, man, you already won. You still here. A lot of brothers ain't here no more, bro. I've been saying this lately to all my brothers, you know, we here, you know, one of my, he didn't go now, one of my mentors after 35, you go to a lot of funerals. Yeah. I'm being real. You know what I'm saying? I think that's something to be here and still kicking it. You know what I'm saying? That's big, man, because you could have been gone. Yeah. And a lot of your friends already gone. Absolutely. But that's where we need to start.   It ain't, you know what I'm saying?  You know what I'm saying? So if it can be one, and like I said it, you guys interview a lot of niggas. Yeah, for sure. And none of the niggas really be, that I meet be bragging about not in the game no more. You know what I'm saying? Like Nick, come on here and you know what I'm saying?  That's it, that's real. You know what I'm saying? That's real. And then stand on that. You know what I mean? And that's takes a hard to walk because, because if once you say it out into the world and once you, once you start walking it, it's hard, it's hard. You know what I mean? It's easy to go get some things and get rolling. You know what I'm saying? For me it's easy. That's light work. That's light work. We're in Las Vegas. I can go get, I can go get to it. You know what I'm saying? But it's harder. And to be an example of my young kings and queens, you know what I'm saying? You got enough. You know what I'm saying? And guess what? Y'all probably got more than me. You know what I'm saying? I'm talking, I'm talking to the real. Listen. The ones that's listening man. You know what I'm saying? You know what I'm saying? Yeah, we on boss talk one on one.


Dech chi'n gweithio'r cyfeirio gan bosbwyr a'r ffordd o'r fforddol yn Llaffeydd fel Llywodraeth. Fylltebeth am gyflawni'r ffordd o'r Llywodraeth a'r wyntau'r ffordd o'r Ffordd o'r Llywodraeth.  Mae'r modd i ddechrau i'r gwrdd hefyd. Mae'i ddweud o'r ddewch yn ddechrau. Ond, gwrdd, mae'n ddechrau. Mae'n gwrdd yn ddechrau. Mae'n ddatblygu'n ddechrau. Mae hi'n ddim yn gwneud, 그게b. Mae'n ddechrau i'r ddewch yn ddechrau. Mae'n dda i'r gweld y rhaid i'r dweud. o'r hangwar o gweithio celerio cipwys, ac mae'n robust o'r cymynod o'r cyfnod athau, a dyfodd yn barataeth i hynny gofyn ar beth o'r cyfrifio. Mae'n dweud yr ar draws o'r cyfrifio, ac mae'n beth o'r cyfrifio, ac mae'n dweud. Mae'n dweud amser dyfodd yn barataeth fel ardo, ac mae'n dweud i'r cyfrifio. Mae'n dweud i'r cyfrifio'r cyfrifio o'r cyfrifio. Mae'n rhaid i gael cyriffaith yw rhan sydd ar�fydd yn gweithio. I know the minister has mentioned that the outreach from the housing agency will, that's an operation, but people need to see this happening, they need to see people on the ground with immediate effect. Second thing, and I was delighted to hear the comment of your colleague minister Smith in relation to the retrofit scheme, and I know we've talked about this off campus as well. The retrofit scheme, while welcoming it and to be assimilating into the mica scheme, it's really, really, really important that we don't add another layer of bureaucracy to what is already a quagmire and in some people's eyes an impossibility to pedal their way through the scheme. So if the retrofit scheme is going to be done in unison, let's do that, let's work it into it that it's not an extra agency or an extra department trying to look for different rules and criteria. This has to be part of the one scheme. Third point I want to raise is that homeowners who have paid the engineering fees, and the last time I was here I mentioned the mother and daughter in Dunigol who have taken out a bank loan of €12,000 from the credit union, that is a lot of money. The mother is not earning, she's on a pension, the daughter is a carer, so they don't have money to be paying back this finance of £12,000. So basically that money has to be paid back as a matter of urgency. The 17% holding back on the payment, that is too high. In fact some people believe that it's actually as high as 25%. That has to be reduced. I know those conversations go on to that effect as well, so it's really important that that is addressed as a matter of priority as well. The point and subject matter of raising this tonight in relation to the SCSI, I think the department made an error in what they did over two weeks ago in drawing up a terms of reference in consultation with the SCSI and not including the homeowner's voice. It was a mistake. It has eroded a confidence in a process that is already at a very vulnerable level, but it really has got the homeowner's backs up that they weren't part of that as well. I know this has been addressed in terms of trying to have a better stakeholder representation, but the real danger here is that the SCSI feeding into the department in terms of terms of reference is that door closed or is it a jar for the homeowner's who are meeting with the SCSI, incidentally, today? Can they still have their voice heard and be part of that terms of reference? Si'n ei ffohony a'n amsio agus bim y jaras yng Nghyrragr hyn. Gorma, I've got to the last corner. I've got to the session. I know we have discussed this, and I'll try and address, if not all of the issues, some of the issues that you've raised in relation to this and perhaps in closing, specifically in relation to the retrofit part of it. Again, just to thank you for consistently raising this issue on behalf of your constituents. I think that it is, like you said, critically that we get this right for the communities that are affected by this. Minister O'Brien brought a memorandum to Government on an enhanced effective concrete block scheme on 30 November 2021. It includes an unprecedented suite of improvements to the current scheme, which removed the financial barrier to the scheme entry by simplifying and streamlining the application process. Increases in the grants available from 90 to 100 per cent of allowable costs and the maximum grant level from €247,500 to €420,000. Provides for a second grant in certain circumstances, introduces an independent appeals process and strengthens the certificate of remediation available to homeowners. Government approved the enhanced scheme, which is estimated to come in at around €2.2 billion. The revised grant calculation methodology will be based on the size of existing home using a cost per square metre. Up-to-date construction costs are an important consideration in that regard, and accordingly, the Society of Chartered Surveyors of Ireland have agreed to produce a report on the up-to-date construction costs for the type of remediation works carried out under the scheme on a variety of home types under the DCP scheme. The SESI will be independent in their work but, in the interests of fairness, have engaged with the department on the matter and have agreed to hear a submission from homeowners on construction costs in the north-west. That relates to the last point that you made to me. The specific grant rates will be implemented and will be set by the department after the SESI will provide independent advice. Construction costs within the SESI report will be reviewed annually to reflect construction cost changes and they are changing rapidly as we are all aware. In relation to implementation of the enhanced scheme, Minister Byn has recently written to the PRO of the Micah Action Group on these matters, updating him on work undertaken today in regard to implementation of the enhanced scheme. It is important that homeowners have the opportunity to engage on implementation of the scheme, and in this regard, John O'Connor, the former chief executive officer of the housing agency, has recently been appointed to act as a liaison between the homeowners and the department and its expert group on implementation of the enhanced scheme. Minister Byn fully understands the level of anxiety and apprehension around the scheme given the scale involved and the homeowners' experiences of the devastation caused by the defect of concrete blocks. I just want to reiterate on behalf of Minister Byn his commitment to urgently build a grand scheme that is fit for purpose with grant rates based on the independent work of the SESI that covers the real costs involved. Again, I will try to come back in on the reply on some of the other issues that you have raised. Gourmayeigad, thank you very much minister. That response is consistent with the information that the minister has been sending on to me as well. To go back and focus in on two elements, independence is used a number of times in this answer. That independence has to be somewhat tarnished in terms of what has happened in the last two weeks, so it is very, very important that whatever submission that the homeowners make, that that is not just seen as a listening exercise but also if they have something to contribute. That has to be done in a very proactive way. I think going back to 2014 when party coffee and myself sat in the room with officials from the Department of Environment at the time, there has been so many false dawns, there has been so many time frames, there has been so many months mentioned, there has been next few weeks this will be done, that will be done. We are all coming out of lockdown, we have all spent two years in lockdown in our homes and people who are fortunate enough to have homes and houses to be in. Michael homeowners have spent two years in their houses that are falling down. They need a time frame that is honest and upfront. I know the minister has said in a response to me that this is going to be completed in the spring, at the end of the spring, for the legislation to go through. I know that Erdegener and his team are working really hard on this. I know they are making a priority, they are meeting twice a week, but it is really important that whatever time frame we give that we stick to it and it does not drag on. In the old Gilead calendar, spring started in Ireland on the 1st of February, in the northern hemisphere it is argued that spring starts on the 1st of March. We need to be very careful about throwing out timelines that are not going to be met or will be met, and that is something that I would ask for as well. Once again, we have to help people to navigate their way through this, and I think that the most important thing today that needs to happen is people who are owed money from the engineers' costs need to be repaid and, lastly, facilitators on the ground as a matter of priority. Thanks, minister. Again, taking on board the points that you have made, Deputy, around the independence and taking on board those submissions in a proactive way, so we will take on board those points, and specifically around owners who have paid engineers' costs. I think that we are moving into the space where we are getting close to a full resolution or moving towards a better resolution, and specifically you have asked about the retrofit part of it as well, and just a number of specific aspects on the parameters of the scheme, which are important to clarify. Foundations are being considered as part of the NSAIs 465 standard review, and any future changes to that will be integrated into the scheme. The scheme is based on legal advice of a like-for-like remediation grant, and remediation options will adhere to building regulations. In respect of home upgrades, I can confirm that homeowners will be eligible for the newly revised SEI retrofit grants on the same terms and conditions as the homeowners. That was clarified by Minister Smith earlier on as well. Significant work is under way to make the immediate improvements to the current scheme in parallel to legislate and implement for the enhanced scheme. Amendment regulations are being finalised to provide for immediate recruitment to homeowners with engineers' fees, the introduction of allowable costs of work essential to immediate repair works to the home, to the value of €5,000, and an increase of the value stage payments, which can be drawn up before the final grant payment. An ex-group has been established to advise Minister O'Brien on technical issues for purposes required in the legislation, for example, damage threshold for entry into the scheme, independent appeals process, second grant conditions and certificate of remediation, engagement with and resourcing of local authorities to continue the work current scheme and the housing agency in respect of the role under enhanced scheme and transition. Lastly, it's important that people accessing the grants under the scheme are able to avail of the national retrofit scheme in a way that delivers a seamless customer experience. Work is already underway between LGH and DEC to provide a streamline mechanism, and it's our intention that this will be deployed over the coming months.