Hello everyone. Welcome to yet another session of our NPTEL on Non-linear and Adaptive Control. I am Srikanth Sukumar from Systems and Control, IIT Bombay. So we are almost at the end of our lectures for week three. And we have sort of learned over the course of this week some nice tools to analyze algorithms that will potentially drive systems such as that we see in our background. So what we were doing until last time was basically look at a few more examples of these particular stability properties that we had defined. So we saw a few more illustrative examples. So I really hope that all of you got a pretty fair idea of what kind of systems are going to have what kind of properties and what do these properties sort of mean for that particular system. So we defined stability, attractivity and several notions of asymptotic and exponential stability. We also saw at the end of the last lecture the particular notion of linear system stability. So basically how does the stability definitions in terms of epsilons and deltas that we defined how does it become more specific for linear systems. So we sort of had a brief overview of that. Of course we didn't really prove these results as such. So I just gave you a little bit of a sketch of what you have in linear system stability. So today we jump on to a new set of lectures. Again like I said don't worry about when we say week four and so on although we are not into week four lectures. This is more for the purpose of the homework assignments. So we will sort of go forward and delve into the week four lectures depending on how our schedule is because as the lectures become more involved we will need more and more. We will need more and more time. So therefore I don't want to delay getting into week four lectures any further. So as the outline states we discuss function classes and Lyapunov theorems in this particular set of lectures with a designated week four lectures. So you already start. So what is the motivation? What is the motivation? So we already saw several stability definitions. We saw a few examples where we did conclude what kind of stability properties a system might have. However what we found was that in all these cases we were required to find the solution or in some cases of course we made a call on stability based on phase plane portraits. But to be honest that cannot be considered a final sort of final technical answer on whether a system is stable or asymptotically stable or not. Because a lot of times in phase plane portrait again a phase plane portrait is based on a numerical method. So you sort of take a software and draw these phase plane portraits. It is based on a numerical method. So it is very, very, very possible in numerical methods to ignore or forget to consider certain problematic initial conditions. And you might actually end up claiming something about the stability of a system which actually does not hold true. So the biggest issues with these epsilon delta definitions of stability is the usability and it is very difficult to actually use these definitions. So that is the motivation for studying these Lyapunov theorems that we are going to look at now. So Lyapunov theorems really make our life easy in terms of concluding stability of non-linear systems. And we will very quickly get to that. But before we even start on to Lyapunov stability theorems or what is also called the Lyapunov direct method. We will of course need to define a few preliminary class of functions. So these are rather powerful class of functions. So there are three. So first is called a class k function. So what is a class k function? A function, again, so these are all scalar valued functions. So they take values in non-negative reals and map to non-negative reals. So this is required for all these functions. So they take values in non-negative reals and they map it to also non-negative reals. So a function phi of this kind is said to be of class k if it satisfies three properties. First, it is continuous. Second, it is strictly increasing. And third, it is 0 at 0. So this is what is a class k function. So we have of course given examples of what is a class k function. So fx equal to x, so let us be a little bit more precise. So examples, I will sort of write it again. fx or let us use the notation that we are in fact using here for x in non-negative reals is a class k function. Or if you want to make it much more easy to understand, so phi x is x squared with x in r plus is also class k function. So notice that I keep saying x is in r plus because I can either way up to find it, this map has to be from non-negative reals to non-negative reals. The argument also has to be a non-negative real number. So this is important. The next example we consider is, I do not want to number these because I have sort of given a few different examples. The next example that I give that is stated here is 1e minus x for again x in r plus. So how do I know that this is 1e minus x not 1e e to the 1 minus e to the power minus x? How do I know this is a class k function? First of all continuity is obvious. How do I know it's a class k function? Just compute phi prime of x. It is simply going to be e to the power minus x which is always greater than 0 for all x less than infinity. So which is basically saying that x is in r plus. Non-negative reals does not include infinity. Infinity is not included in non-negative reals or in reals for that matter. So that's how real numbers are defined. So this is of course, you can see that this is a positive derivative and therefore it's obvious that it is a strictly increasing part. So you can have many different such examples. So this is what is a class k function. So what is a class l function? It's sort of the opposite. A function phi is class l again with the same domain and range. If it is again continuous strictly decreasing and the initial condition has to be finite. Some finite initial condition. So one example again of such a function is 1 over x plus 1. So this is a class l function. Why this is continuous? Because again this is assuming x is in r plus. We are already assuming that x is in r plus. So therefore non-negative reals, therefore the least value x can take is 0. The denominator is non-zero there. So it's in fact a continuous function. So it's continuous. It's strictly decreasing is obvious again because as I increase x, the denominator is becoming larger and therefore the fraction is becoming smaller. And the initial value is of course finite. In fact the initial value, if you plug x equals 0, it's just 1. So this is a class l function. So we have class k and then class l. It sort of seems like it's opposite but I would in fact put a nice note here. If phi is in class k, this is the notation for saying that a function is in a particular class. This does not imply, I hope you understand, that minus phi in class l. This does not imply this. I hope that's clear because why? Because just look at this, minus phi becomes a map from r plus to r minus. So this is not even allowed. Not allowed. The only candidates that are allowed are in fact your functions which are mapping from non-negative reals to non-negative reals. So negative of phi is not a class l function if phi is a class k function. Excellent. So we know that. Let's look at the next class of functions. This is again another very important class of functions. And that is the class kr function. This is the class kr function. So function phi again, non-negative reals to non-negative reals. Let's always remember that. So we don't make a mistake. So this is of class kr, if again it's at least class k. First of all, we want it to be class k. And further, phi of r goes to infinity as r goes to infinity. So it's first of all, it's class k and it should go to infinity as r goes to infinity. So just to distinguish, one of the examples we considered as a class k function phi x equals 1 minus e minus x with x in non-negative reals is not class kr. Why? If you sort of try to make a picture of this function, if you make a plot of this, what this function looks like. What happens on the x-axis, I have of course x itself. And on the y-axis, I have phi of x. Phi of 0, as you can see, is exactly 1. So phi of 0 is exactly 0.  So phi tends to 1 as x goes to infinity. So the thing is the function is in fact increasing, if I may. Of course, I cannot do justice to this very much. The phi continues to increase, but it hits at most 1, never crosses 1. So this is not a class kr function. So this is a rather critical distinction. So this is not a class kr function. On the other hand, the other examples that we considered like phi x equals x squared, x is in r plus. So this phi is of course class kr. So it should be obvious to you that any function which is... So again, I will put this as a note. Just a note. Phi in class kr implies phi in class k. So if a function is in class kr, then it belongs to class k for sure. But it doesn't hold otherwise. The other way around doesn't hold because we just saw this example, which is a class k function. So this is a class k function. Let me reiterate that. So phi is in class k and not class kr. So hold this way, not the other way. So class kr function is a stronger requirement. So there are less number of functions in class kr than class k. So class kr is actually a subset of the class k functions because class k is a requirement of being a class kr function. So these are of course rather important function classes. So anyway, this we already mentioned last time too. We did talk about this in the earlier lectures also. We do require that our equilibrium is at the origin. If not, as always, we do a change of coordinates. We already spoke about this again last time and the time before. So whenever we have an equilibrium which is non-zero, we just do a simple change of coordinates. It's always possible. This is not a very stringent requirement as such. Excellent. So using these notions of class k and class kr and so on, we now talk about definiteness of functions. So before we go into definiteness of functions, if you remember, just a reminder definiteness of matrices. Yeah. I hope all of you remember. We sort of had a short discussion or whatever. We stated a few things on symmetric matrices. And then we talked about conditions under which a symmetric matrix is positive definite. There were several equivalent conditions. So a equals a transpose, of course, a sum n by n, a is positive definite. So this is the notation. If any of these conditions hold, any of these conditions hold, first is that it is, you know, first is that it is X transpose AX, strictly positive for all X in Rn, X not equal to the zero vector. The next one is that all. So I'll write it in short time because you already done this. Next was that Eigen values of A are strictly positive. All principal minors have positive determinant. So these are sort of the conditions under which a matrix is considered to be positive definite. So positive determinants, like I said, I will just expand this. All principal minors have positive determinant. So I want you to keep this in mind when we talk about positive definiteness or definiteness of functions. Now we are talking about definiteness of functions. Excellent. So what is the, you know, sort of the first such definition? All right. We want to take a look at that. Okay. Right. So the first definition is that of a positive definite function. Right. So if you have a scalar valued function from R cross Br to R. So what is this R cross Br and all that. Right. So I think we already know the notation. So Br is basically the set of all X in Rn such that norm X is less than R. So this is the ball of radius R around the origin. Right. Notice that origin has been assumed to be our equilibrium. Right. And therefore we sort of measure distances from the origin. So the ball of radius R is around the origin. So we don't specify the center. So what is this Br cross Br goes to R and all that before I even, you know, sort of go forward with the rest of the discussion. So here R represents time. This represents the sort of ball around the origin of the states. Okay. So this V function takes time and states and gives me a real number. Right. So this is the very specific kind of functions for which we are discussing definiteness. Right. We are not discussing definiteness for some arbitrary functions. Right. We are discussing definiteness for very, very specific kind of functions. Right. Which map time and which map states to some real value. Okay. Right. So what do we require? We of course require that this function is continuous. It's already scalar value is obvious because I map to reals. Right. We require that the function takes zero value for all time as long as the state is zero. So if I plug in the state value to be zero, that is origin, zero means the origin of course. So if the state value is zero, that is if I am at the origin, then this scalar value function definitely gives me zero irrespective of what time I choose. Okay. Irrespective of what time I choose. Right. The second important point is that there should exist a class K function phi such that this function VTX dominates this class K function of phi x, sorry, of norm x. Right. Notice this. Notice the argument. Norm is always non negative. Yeah. Remember the argument of a class K function also has to be non negative. It definitely maps into non negative values, but the argument itself has to be non negative. So this class K function takes as its argument the norm of the states, which we know to be non negative always. Okay. So phi in there has to exist such a function phi, such a function phi such that the VTX dominates this function phi of the norm of the x for all t and for all x in Br. So notice. So remember this function phi. So is a class K function in the norm of the states. Okay. So the important thing is if these two conditions are satisfied along with continuity, then we say that the function V is positive definite and it is denoted by V greater than zero. I mean, just like we denote for matrices A greater than, just like we denote for matrices A greater than zero, we have a similar notation for functions also, we say V is greater than zero. Okay. The other important point that I really want to highlight is that notice that the class K function, the way we have defined, right, is it's continuous, it's strictly increasing for all values of the argument. And it is zero at zero. Okay. So it is continuous, strictly increasing for all values of the argument and it is zero at zero. This is important. Right. But we need the function V to only dominate this function. Okay. We do not particularly require V to be also strictly increasing. Okay. This condition does not, first of all, does not imply V is strictly increasing. Okay. We just need to dominate a strictly increasing function. Also, we need the domination to happen only for a small ball around the origin. And we don't need the function V to dominate this class K function for all time. Okay. So let's look at a sort of picture. And we will see what is the significance of this BR in, I mean, the BR is just some local domain around the origin. Okay. If you remember our stability definitions, right, also have, you know, the attractivity property, if you may. Also, as this epsilon delta, right, where this delta could depend on initial time or not. But if you have initial conditions starting in this delta ball, then you converse to the origin. It doesn't say that you can start at any initial condition and go to the origin. Okay. So that was also a local notion. So that local notion is being sort of going to be portrayed using this BR, ball BR. Okay. So we don't need this function to dominate a class K function for all states. Okay. Definitely we want it to dominate for all time. Yeah, the time thing is not flexible. We need this domination to happen for all time because notice that the right hand side doesn't contain any time argument at all. Okay. The left hand side contains time, but the right hand side does not contain any time argument. Right. So that's to hold for all time, no doubt about it. But it doesn't need to hold for all values of the state. Okay. So if I, again, if I try to make this sort of a picture, right, here I have X. So this is sort of, right. So suppose I have some, you know, some kind of a class K function, then let me make it very simple. Right. Suppose I have like a linear class K function, something very simple. Okay. So this is my phi of norm X. In this case, X is a scalar.  Well, let's not worry about it. I will stick to the notation to be consistent here. Right. Now I want my VX to dominate this function. Of course, notice that V at zero is zero. So obviously I have to still start at zero. Right. Then I can do things like this. Okay. I can do things like this. Right. So until, if I may, again, let me try to pick another color. Right. So until here, right, which is sort of say R. Right. So until here, until R. I'm just calling it V of X because I have not shown the time argument. I mean, I can even do that. But, you know, let's say this is V T of X, but the, but it becomes complicated. Okay. So I'm just going to call VX. I'm going to say that there is no time argument involved in this particular case. Right. Why am I saying that is because if I put the time argument, then I'll have to draw another axis and show how the function also evolves with time. So, instead, I'll just say it's a function of just the state X. Okay. So even if V is just a function of X and time argument doesn't appear at all. And that is also allowed, by the way. That's also allowed. Right. So if it happens so, even in that case, I don't really need my V to be strictly increasing. Okay. I need it to dominate this class K function only. And that too, not necessarily for all values of the state, but until a particular, you know, until the norm is less than R. Right. I need the domination only until a particular point. Okay. And if this happens, this function VX, so they, in this case, V is said to be positive definite. In this case, V is said to be positive definite. Right. As we have mentioned, BR is an open ball around origin and positive definiteness is related to the notion of asymptotic stability. Okay. In the Lyapunov theorems, positive definiteness is going to be directly connected to asymptotic stability. Okay. So, what would be simple examples? So, simple example would be, say, you know, I know that, I mean, I'll start to construct a simple example from the class K function itself. So, I know that 1 over norm X plus 1 is a class K function. Right. So, if say X is in R2. Right. Then I can use the, you know, 2 norm. This is X1 square plus X2 squared. Right. And in fact, I will use a squared here. That's fine. So, this I know is a class K function. Right. This I know is a class K function. Right. So, if I sort of, you know, sort of work backwards and if I say my VTX is something like, I'm just introducing some time argument here. I can say something like e to the power T divided by norm X squared plus 1. Yeah. This, it should be obvious to you that this is greater than equal to, let's see. Yeah. So, in fact, I can just simply take it as T. Right. I make it more. Yeah. So, this is greater than equal to phi norm X. Right. This is greater than equal to phi norm X. Okay. All right. And so, this is obviously a V is a positive definite function. Okay. Because it dominates a class K function. So, this is a valid example of a class K function. Sorry. This is a valid example of a positive definite V function. All right. So, anyway. So, I think this is, we figured out some important things here. So, what we have sort of seen today is a few different function classes, right, which are critical in talking about definiteness. And from there, we talked about the first notion of definiteness, which is positive definite. And we saw an example also of what is a positive definite function. So, we will continue again in this vein in the upcoming sessions. And we will progress on slowly towards stating the Lyapunov direct method or the Lyapunov stability theorems. All right. That's it, folks. Thank you.


Finally. It's been a while.  Yeah We talk about news we talk about Jim Carrey and artists in general how tormented they are and how we like them tormented Cuz they make the best art that way. They're the best. We talk about my experience with vertigo the other day Fucking sucked We talked about the health IQ quiz that we took look we recommend you go to health IQ comm forward slash mind pump take the quiz See if you could beat my score of a hundred and eighty six I think Adam scored a hundred eighty six also Justin hasn't taken it yet. He's afraid. I got called out But he will soon. Hey, I'm on it right now. We mentioned organifies gold juice again, which I've tried they still haven't tried They are one of our living in the green so if you go to organifyshop.com forward slash mind pump You will get a discount. We also talk about my supplement Addiction really is it an addiction? Then we talked about cannabis addiction Adam's dream interpretation We think he's in love with Doug. We talk about sleep deprivation driving citations and my old crazy insurance Premiums yeah, then we get into the questions this individual is saying that she's constantly being told that lifting weights won't make women bulky But she just looks at a weight and she puts on tons of muscle Is she an exception to the rule? Is she a genetic freak?  Do we like carb cycling find out in this episode then we get to a controversial one? Oh boy, we give out our opinions on net Neutrality we pull no punches We try to inform you guys with what we think is the truth Enjoy that part of the affair police will love this then we get into the final question Do we think that when we're children we automatically know how to eat intuitively, but then life fucks everything up There's some truth to that you'll find out in this episode also We're in December. That means next month is January. That's the beginning of the year start the new year off Right everybody wants to get in shape in January. Everybody's New Year's resolution is to lose weight build muscle But nobody has a plan. That's the problem. Most people don't have a plan what they think is I'm gonna go to the gym I'm gonna hammer myself.  That's the extent of their plan Part of your success is having a more detailed plan knowing what you're gonna do Every week knowing what exercises you're gonna do what order you're gonna do them having trainers there Demonstrating them for you showing you what you need to do having all the tools at your disposal For less than the cost of a membership you can get the maps super bundle that Includes many of our maps programs. It's a year of exercise programming in other words January through December You're gonna know what your workout looks like you're gonna have exercise demos blueprints It's all in there for you. That's what we think you should enroll in that will take you through the year 2018 also when you enroll you're gonna get an offer automatic offer for half off our Forum so you get half off the price to access our form and then you're in there for life in January we're gonna have an annual fee So you will never have that offer again where you can just pay once and you're in forever So this is a great time to enroll December is a great time to enroll in fitness for more information on all these programs Go to mind pump media comm did you watch dark? I did. Oh, you did. It was great You know I had to watch it though in German with subtitles. I did watch one episode. Yeah, why the why is it in German? It's an international show. It's it. Yeah, it's a German. Yeah, but but they're Netflix. Yeah, but you could do yeah You can Netflix bought it. You can listen to it in English. Yeah, I did. Yeah, or or you listen to it I don't like that. I'm gonna do subtitles. I don't know there was an option I didn't know there was an option to do subtitles Yeah, you do you could option. I hate watching dubbed films because we're spoiled first of all We're American right so everything we sees in English in Europe. They see lots of dubbed films But yeah, I hate dubbed films because they don't always translate Well, it never line up. Yeah, it never matches the the people doing the voices never match the personality. It's not just that It's more distract. It doesn't match the acting.  It's like hey, man, and there's a delay, right? So there's that delay it just doesn't it doesn't match the acting but anyway, it was cool as one episode I'm sure I have to watch more the second one got me hooked Okay, I'll watch and so I'm on four or five now and it's Really just really starting to pick up my boy told me he's like dude wait till you get to have five episodes deep Because it's there's the story is so big and there's so many lakes to it.  I'm like and now who's that and I'm trying to put together like who's married to who I know he's banging her. Yeah, there's yeah, there's a lot of there's a lot of shwerking moving parts I was just cave. So I watched one episode the first one which was pretty fascinating And then I went and got the midnight showing of Star Wars you too Spoiler alert if you if you don't want to spoiler play your ears everybody dies Leia trip of this Princess Leia Darth Vader's daughter shut up Can you believe what happened Yoda?    I have kids and like, you know, I can't just I'm just gonna go. Yeah, I'm so free. Yeah, like I don't forget. I can't do that Like I really want to do that Adam sometimes forgets that you can't just decide to do something No, you guys never fail to remind me all the perks of having children. Yeah, you're free. Sorry. I get it Sorry Katrina. Yeah, we're the reason why out of what have kids Right what he thinks about it right when he's like, you know, I might have one. He has a conversation with me and Justin Yeah, I'll wait.   Definitely not the ac dude. It's uh, so I'm never cold So you're not and you are this time. So here's what's crazy two things ice box two things I came in this morning. Hello early, right two things. I saw hello. I saw a penguin There was a penguin in here. Yep.  There's a penguin in here And then no all joking aside. This is how cold I got in the studio You could breathe you're talking you can see your breath. It's not supposed to be like that indoor super cold You know, you said penguin just reminded me of Jim Carrey. Did you guys watch the Netflix thing of Jim Carrey? Did you?  I thought I thought you told me to carry. I told you to watch it But I haven't seen it. Oh, you need to watch it. Yeah, you need to watch it. I'm gonna watch it I love Jim Carrey. Yeah, it's sad. Yeah, it's really sad. So apparently he went Out in the woods and ate a bunch of mushrooms and totally changed. That's not the one or is that different This one he's doing he doesn't Kaufman, right? This this one's about no, this is about his life Like he breaks down like but it's he doesn't get into although It seems like a result of going and taking mushrooms and like kind of how he feels But he doesn't say that like he doesn't talk anything about psychedelics or anything like that He just gets into like his whole life and they uh, they who was the guy is Andy Kaufman was the comedian, right?  Yeah. He was like way too beyond everybody shared all the clips behind the scene Of him getting ready for that film and it's fucking. He kind of loses his mind. Yeah He loses his mind, you know, I've heard about this before you went full Kaufman I've heard about this before with actors were to the point where the director like called him and was like Like you're right. Yeah. No, he was like dude I I don't know if we can continue this film type of deal because they he could he would never get out of character Uh, even offset method is that that's something that the something method method actor.  It's over the top. You have to feel kind of sad. You have to understand that Artists some of the best artists musicians actors, you know, just the best artists are The reason why they're so good and the reason why they strike a nerve and accord with people and they resonate with people Is because they feel Everything and they're all slightly Crazy and I don't mean that in the negative. Sometimes it can be it's like Daniel Day Lewis And he's the best because he'd like fully Immerses himself as that person lives like that person for those years and then it just shows This is why you have all these musicians and artists and even before Musicians made tons of money and had all that access to drugs and a lot of stuff Even if you go back far enough like the famous artists, uh, you know, like uh, monay and all these other You know cutting their ears off and doing all these weird things It's because they feel so much that they're tormented by it And they and and it and it and they express it and it relieves some of this This whatever they feel there's too much that they feel we get to enjoy it But they're in constant. Isn't that interesting.  You have to be oh, I don't know if you have to be I hate to say that but you're right I'm sure there is you know, there's somebody pretty balanced and had like a good childhood and all that Well, it makes sense that you're you're going to be out of balance somewhere else Right like if you are over the top talented in an area and I think that goes for almost anything Because I feel this even this we're talking about like artists right now But I think this translates even with like You're super techy smart guy, right the guy who's like brilliant, right?  Well, so Anybody who's on the extreme end of the spectrum, uh, there's a high so if you're extreme end of the spectrum with art math skills Anything on the extreme end. There's a very strong correlation with mental health issues also. So anxiety depression manic depression mania Schizophrenia highly correlated with high intelligence How how crazy is that right just be and it really if you think about it this way like If you look at human evolution here, I go again, right if you look at all human evolution you imagine Humans as this big Organism those individuals within that right, but you look at this whole wide spectrum of humans It makes sense that for the human species to propagate and to succeed The vast majority Of the individuals that make up that human species have to be average This the vast majority have to be average and average means balanced not crazy Can do a little bit of this a little bit of that whatever But it also makes sense that a small percentage of them Have to be extreme because it's those extreme individuals that break through the stretch the boundaries and right and everybody else Exactly.   Yeah Maybe use it.  So you guys know what happened I get up and so in the middle of the night I go to stretch And the room starts spinning in the middle of the night.    What's the matter? I'm like the room is so it's spinning spinning. So I'm laying there And I'm waiting for it to kind of calm down a little bit and it's vertigo. I've had it before It's a benign positional something vertigo So I've had it before so then I'm able to and that's and it sucks because I had to I couldn't come to work And I apologize about that I finally got myself to be able to move a little bit stand up And so I started doing these uh epply maneuvers that I learned Well, we should tell everybody too that we can't you cancel we canceled San Diego Which because some people on our forum knew that we were going down to see move you jocco and yeah, my fault Yeah, that's all bad. Yeah, if you guys were really looking forward to that. That's all south's fault. That's my fault So that's why I'm telling the story It's not because we wanted to watch Star Wars Yeah, and I don't even get to go like if you canceled, you know, I could have scheduled I did a lot of ruining.  I couldn't imagine.  Oh, that would drive me crazy That's crazy. That would drive. Yeah, that would drive me Insane to feel like that all the time but luckily for me when I do the epply maneuvers Um, I end up it takes most of it away and then I just kind of feel Like right now I feel a little off. You don't know really what causes this to happen or what? Well, so in the inner ear the inner ear is what Senses motion and if you're standing or upside down or whatever And there's there there's this fluid that floats around on there and these like yeah I think that there's these little hairs in there that detect motion And the crystals get formed in there and I'm not sure if they get forming everybody or just in people who get Who are prone to vertigo? I believe it's in everybody But if they get dislodged these crystals can give you the false perception of motion And the epply maneuvers what they what they do is they try to get the crystals to move in a position or in a place That doesn't cause is this so you do these weird head positions and stuff like that line your chakras Yeah, exactly when you do it. Do you is it like instantly you can tell a difference or is it take So so mine was my left ear. So that's how so identified it was my left ear And what you do is I'll sit up. So I'm sitting upright I'll look to the left and then I'll sit I'll lay back real quickly And I'll know it's my left ear because I'm looking to the left.  So like like today I still was two days later I still feel a little bit a little kind of often weird But it was way better like it got way better and that whole day I was pretty bad still but it wasn't so bad to the point where Like I couldn't walk dude.  I should hang you upside down No, dude mad at all. That'd be terrible. Yeah, that'd be a horrible. So right now.  You know when you get off a boat Yeah, that's I feel like like I just got off a boat. Wow. So yeah, we've kind of these moments So you're like, whoa, just like a little in the background kind of crappy.  Believe it or not. Oh, it does. Yeah, because uh, I don't know you were eating you were eating Like no carbs yesterday, huh? So yeah, so yeah, so what I was doing is Some people believe that stress or Lack of sleep or inflammation. I'm sure inflammation the inner ear ear can probably contribute to it So I'm just like look here's what I'm gonna do.  I got a lot of sleep that night. I went to bed at 8 30 at night and Just trying to nip it in the bud. So it doesn't come back But you guys see all the health IQ people there are all the all our form members and stuff that are posting up their scores Did anybody beat us? No, no one's beat us yet, but we got a couple people get close I saw I saw 176 or 178 this morning. Yeah, you're not gonna beat us Just not gonna happen you say that Bring it go. This is what you do go to health IQ. What's the website? Doug is it health IQ? Dot com forward slash mind pump forward slash mind pump take their health IQ test And if you beat our score me and adam got I think we got 186. Yeah 186 I'm gonna double check because if it's if it's higher than that. No, it's well, that's I think I'm almost positive That's what I got you are. Yeah. Yeah, I picture my other phone captured If I if you beat 186 post it on Instagram and tag us well post it even if you don't I don't want to see everybody score.  Oh, that's the thing. Yeah, my challenge is interesting. I dare you I dare you there's some there's some questions on there. I mean going back now I see how they positioned it.  I was like this is this is I wanted to argue I guess it's on the clock, right?  I'm sure this is not true Some of the questions are they try to trick you on a couple and they're not all they're not super easy No, no, I was actually I was surprised. I thought wow if the average Yeah, the average now we have really smart people in the forum So it makes sense to me to see these 170 scores people passing and stuff like that But you know, if you're just like an average Jane or Joe with like no, you know anatomy physiology type of background like Those weren't easy. Yeah. Yeah, they were they were I've I've taken some certification tests that were easier than that So that easier questions than that. So I can't wait for Justin to take it. Yeah I think he's nervous. Uh-huh. I'm gonna use nervous probably free today You don't have to just want you to take it because uh, you know, I want to make sure he doesn't cheat We're trying to help him Oh Anyway, just kind of yeah, but he's he well, you know, he hasn't been doing the health IQ But he's been at least he's been using the organifi stuff like crazy. Oh, dude How you liking that? At least you're on board with one of our sponsors. Yeah, but I'm not getting the you know, the gold yet. So it's coming, dude Okay, I think it should uh, shana said it should be here either today or next week Doug if that comes up if that pops up anytime when we're recording all day today I'd like to know so we could drink some of that today Yeah, I'll go check it in the box. It's tasty and um anti inflammatory based and Calming now. Do you know when we first got that gold drink? It came here. I opened the box I saw it in there one canister. Yeah, so I opened it up, right and I tried it and it's very good Very tasty. So I think you know, I set it down I tried it. I set it down in the next get day. It was gone You can okay if you guys if you guys have not noticed this yet Sal has a little bit of a problem He's got a problem that he doesn't want to admit or share with you. He is a supplement addict. He is no no no Yeah, no, I see him a fitness expose No, I'm a supplement whore.     That's what's funny is it's you're always trying something. Yeah, why not?   Yeah, and we don't talk about them No, we don't talk about so don't like them Hey, look if you sent us something we haven't talked about it yet. I'm sorry Or sometimes we try it and we get I'm gonna say we as a collective here get so high from it Yeah, we can't talk about something else That's when we got that that cannabis Sprits No, not just that the the first the the green one that one got me really good And then we then the newest soda one I mean that I remember the guy was telling me he's like, oh, yeah one can's like nothing I drank like a half a can of that stuff and I was lit dude. I want a cannabis smoker, dude I smoke pretty regularly. They make some of these things like too strong. It's way too strong too strong Way too strong. I want to be able to enjoy the whole so I don't want to open a soda and have half of it What does that tell you about the market? Oh, I use a bunch of stoners running it. Well, not just that well when I run the clubs This is what was the challenge, right? So when we when we started when we started them We were trying to like legitimize them and appeal to the You know 70 year old grandma that has arthritis and you know people that are like that and then like this Young kid who their parent comes in like we really wanted to provide this like professional environment And it just wasn't there yet And that wasn't a they were they represented the 10% the 90% where people that were just trying to get the strongest I was gonna say it seems like a competition to just see who can put out the strongest absolutely Absolutely where cookies are 10 dosers and she like that. I'm pro legalization.  Yeah, you got a problem and there's a lot of people with a problem with this kind of stuff Yeah, yeah I will and you know and it's a sensitive place to touch right because most people start with it Just like anything else because they're medicating something some condition or whatever that hurts them But it's no different to me than seeing somebody who gets addicted to paying killers and starts with that It's safer. I understand. It's definitely safer.  Let's be honest It is addictive anything that by the way anything that you like is addictive It doesn't have to have necessarily physiological addictive properties. Well, you can be behavioral based. I mean you get you have behavioral addiction to it For sure, which I I mean, I'm always very aware when I catch myself though when I find this like I just naturally go to go have my joint at five o'clock at night every single night and I catch myself doing that back-to-back nights It's like Okay, like I don't need to do that every single night. You know I'm saying like this is not one of those nights Where I really need to set the you know I'm saying that but I will say this I'll make this argument all day long and I guarantee I'll bet I'll bet money on this that we are going to start to see because now it's It's uh easier to study. There's more people using it. We are already seeing now There's a there's a there was a rate still rare a rare condition where if you use too much cannabis You develop this condition where you have this constant vomiting no joke and it's result of overexposure to phyto cannabinoids we're now seeing it on the rise because People have more access to higher potencies of cannabis or using lots and lots of it It's not toxic. So they're just pushing the doses now you're getting more and more people where we never this was a very rare condition We're seeing it on the rise now where people are going to the hospital They're like I can't stop puking. What's wrong with me? And it's it's because of the abuse of these of these phyto cannabinoids that are found in cannabis But they like to say that there's no physiological dependency That's also bullshit. The reason why we have cannabinoid receptors in our body in the first place is because we make our own cannabinoids called endocannabinoids if I'm taking something externally constantly It is not hard to understand that my body will start to reduce or eliminate its own production of cannabinoids So I'm now going to develop a dependency because I am replacing what my body is supposed to be making With its own endocannabinoids.      I never remember my dreams. I never remember my dreams Let's interpret and I had and I had to help them and I had this vivid dream We were all in we're at some like, I don't know where we were right. We were at like Somebody's garage.  No, that's the other one. Sorry. That's an old dream I don't want to interpret that It's easy to interpret that one's easy We work through that one. Yeah, so uh this dream where I we're in a we're in and I never remember these things I swear like so it's it's always fascinating to me like if one like sticks to where Not only do I remember in the morning, but I can remember to repeat it or share it to me That doesn't never happen hardly ever happens So this one we're in this garage Uh, someone has like a little at-home gym working out and for some reason like we're they're we're there right away Like I don't know why you guys are all there too You guys are kind of standing out in the front of this house and I'm in the garage talking to the guy And he's a fan of the show He's a music of mind-bump fan and he's telling me like how he how he found the show like oh, yeah I used to follow Craig Capurso.   I can't figure out how to put it together like and it's Fucking freaking me out like it inside like I'm trying to act cool in front of him Like it's no big deal and like Yeah, yeah It reminds me right the only dream I could ever remember that reminds me this was when I was a kid And I haven't had this dream since I was a kid When I was a kid I used to have that dream where my mom would drop me off for school I'd get out of the car and then all said I'd be naked And then I couldn't run away like people would be chasing me and I couldn't run fast enough I also know I'm in slow motion, right? So that was a dream So it was that feeling of anxiety of not being able to like get away It was the same feeling that I had with signing my name. So that's not hard to interpret I know not at all right. I think it's really funny though It's funny because so there's a lot of theories on dreams and what they mean and sometimes they mean nothing and sometimes And what what the one that I subscribe to the one at least that resonates most with me is that you'll have a feeling or an emotion inside of you and when you sleep your brain tries to Make sense of that emotion.  You may show up naked somewhere, right?  I think it's good because it shows that It's coming to the forefront. Well, you're thinking about it, right? Like I definitely agree with you because and then when you if you really were to pull the unpack the dream like Uh, I had just recently talked to craig the day before so that makes sense I'm always seeing you guys so it makes sense that you guys were in there I watched juji work out in his garage all times the garage setting kind of looked like his garage You know I'm saying so there's a lot and we've I've had people ask for autographs and things like that So it's like all those and then that's happened more recently than before, right? So all these things are like fresh in my mind and that's that this is my this is like you said This is my mind trying to piece it all together like what I'm feeling That's interesting. You said the one about like like losing your teeth Mine wasn't losing my teeth, but it was grinding to where my teeth were like crumbling when I was talking to somebody And my teeth were just coming like sawdust.   Like you go to sleep first off If you think about sleeping it makes no evolutionary sense It literally makes no evolutionary sense think about it this way You are constantly at threat with predators and stuff You need food for most of human civilization. We starved all the time You need food you should probably it would benefit you to not sleep It would benefit you to be awake and to work and to search for food and to hide and to be aware of your surroundings It makes no sense to be in this state where Shit can sneak up on you eat you where you're eight hours of the of the day or whatever you're wasting You're not doing anything and you're just sitting there in this this Unless like we're so vulnerable unless we're tapped into a huge operating system And it makes sense that we have to charge up every day. We got to charge in it Either that or yeah or you unplug right that's when you're off the video game, right?  You're burning the card card Yeah, you don't want to overheat it and you could push it you could push it two days sometimes Maybe three no sleep, but you keep pushing too much longer. You blow up man. Missing Uh More recent studies show just one night of not sleeping And the vast majority of uh people subjects in the studies have display signs of schizophrenia Totally healthy people. Yeah showing that they're going crazy after what missing one night.  It's a wake lack of bro Have you guys ever you guys ever we just had I just had this the other night Katrina and I both did her and I were up by four in the morning And we like worked all day here. She worked a long old day Then we came home. We had a ton of mind pumps up to where we worked it We worked all the way till like midnight and I remember it about like eight o'clock or so Uh, we both kind of looked at each other and we're we were acting goofy Like we were just all of a sudden I went beyond like when you get beyond tired You get kind of delusional a little bit and you just things are silly and goofy and I have this Like I find that fascinating.  Oh, they do crazy horrible I don't even talk about some of the stuff that they would do to themselves Into other people and the psychosis that would involve after like a few days after a few few days of sleep deprivation Yeah, really scary stuff. So anyway, I wanted to say to you guys Because I have more time in the car in the mornings now because um, I don't take carpool anymore You gotta lay lay low just for a little bit I didn't know the ticket goes up after after like it keeps going up Oh if I'm not mistaken because this is this is a this is a pattern that I've had in the past Do you have to wait like three months or what? I think yeah, because I at one point I got three carpool tickets It's probably a year actually and I think they double every time because that's what it is with the speed So I almost lost my license when I was a kid when I was 17 Uh from like speeding tickets, right? It's four to well, I don't know what it is now, but when I was four points It was four tickets in a in a year like if you if you got nailed for four tickets So I had three I got the fourth one And so I went to the court to fight the four because I thought well Even though I had no leg to really stand on it was like fucking I did get my license I gotta try and fight this because if I don't I'm gonna lose it for a year. It's gonna get suspended Or whatever and so I show up to court and luckily the cop didn't show up So they threw it out threw it out and so I was like, oh I had my license taken but uh were suspended. Yeah, I did it was suspended. So uh, that's when I was younger You had more than three tickets in a year. Well, dude, do you know how much I used to pay for car insurance? So I drove a gecko commercial. No, exactly. Are we sponsored by gecko? We should be. Hey gecko. I was uh, I drove a Volkswagen golf VR six, so it's like a little You know rice rocket or whatever even though it's german, you know those little type of cars It was considered a performance car under the insurance, but it's not anyway I couldn't get insurance for it They wouldn't give me insurance for it So through a kind of a weird loophole or whatever My dad was insured with my Volkswagen so I could drive it, but I had to have insurance So I got insurance for my dad's 1978 Chevy work van so we had this big work van nor under normal circumstances How much do you think panel without the uh windows? Oh, yeah Yes, exactly How much do you think it would be to ensure a car like that that is old and whatever It'd be like 50 bucks a month 20 bucks a month, right? Because it's not an expensive car It's not it's a big van, right? That's the only thing I could get insurance for Number one and it didn't cost me 50 bucks a month. Do you guys know how much I paid when I was Let's see 19 years old 19 and 20 21 years old for my dad's 1978 work van I paid over 1200 a month. What? Yeah That's how bad 19. No that and also my driving record was so bad. You actually paid that Well, I would have wouldn't be able to drive. I had to so I paid 1200 bucks a month on health I had special insurance for high-risk drivers Wow, mine was really bad and I was nowhere near that. Whoa Yeah, I think that I think I peaked out at like 400 something dollars I was crazy you like if you're a kid, you know teenager, you know, it's like all my money Just so I could drive I was over but you know, luckily I wasn't making a ton of money You know managing gyms and stuff at a young age But and part of it was because the first gym that I managed Was uh in selenus because they gave me the small club, right?     Yeah, dude.  Right. Right. They like it when you speed.   I'd be interested You know, I'm gonna I'll have to ask some of my buddies that are chp's and sheriffs and cops What they think about that because that's that'd be interesting to ask and I know we have a lot of their unions will be against it Well, I didn't say I don't know how much they would be against it though Because I wouldn't be surprised if a lot of them don't like that part of the job It's probably like they have to do it right right right as soon as they see though As soon as they starts to see that they're that they're looking at oh, we're cutting this many positions Because we don't need anybody now to do this Then they'll be against it.  They're not making wagons anymore You know you need to save my job.   Yeah, austin's like that. Yeah, that's right Dude, you know, it's weird too talking about like, you know, police and and law enforcement and all that like You know that those cities that actually have predictive crime algorithms now that have kind of taken over and like This is becoming a thing now where it's like they can actually how do you guys feel about that? I'm kind of pro I think that's kind of cool I think if I think if they're not infringing on anybody's liberties then do it I think when they start infringing on our liberties and they start enacting I think if you're using it like this like, okay, when we look at this efficiency over the last 10 years You know more crime happens in this area by 75% at this time of night, right this time of night So we're going to make sure that we patrol here. Yeah, let's just patrol. That just makes sense Right, but if it turns into like I'll give you an example random DUI checks, so they have a stop And I know I know the arguments that helps reduce, you know deaths all that stuff But when they're searching seizure without probable cause that's an infringement of liberty So if they say if the algorithm says You know males between this age this race or whatever therefore Let's go search these people randomly because that's what algorithm says now We are giving up an essential liberty.  So I love the algorithms.  We need to wiretap everybody We need to be able to have access to everybody's email everybody's phone We need to be able to go through your mail We need to be able to go in your house whenever we want to make sure you're not a bad guy And if you if you're not doing anything wrong, you have nothing to worry about that argument Is is what the so it's what the communists did. It's what nazis did.   So I want to say I definitely think that's something that that that bonds all of us Yeah, I think that was you you talk about we were all very different I think part of why people enjoy the show is because we couldn't be more different in a lot of other areas But probably the thing that that bonds us the most would be that those traits I think I think it's one of the traits that I think everybody is attracted to the other guys about And it sounds weird to say that but it's true, you know, that's I think that is uh, there's not a lot of people that do that You know and a lot of people make excuses or like you said a lot of people want to if they do do those things They want to toot their horn or look at me or I feel sorry for you know I'm saying it's just like no everybody kind of handles their shit You know I'm saying everybody handles shit and is always stretching themselves So, you know, I 100% agree with that and I appreciate it. We only get better if we are we all have that shared common interest Part of it is Selfish part of the reason why I appreciate it and I get to see you guys do this and then it makes me Do it more myself. So I benefit from what you guys are going through As well because you do it with such grace and In such in humble ways. So I appreciate it. Thank you, dude. No problem. Doug bring on the sensitive bird, please Give me a hug bird Qua Today's qua is being brought to you by chimera coffee It's the only coffee that is infused with all natural Neutropics for a cleaner calmer and more focused buzz without the crash Put the chimera link at mind pump media.com and input the discount code Mind pump a checkout for 10% off. It's the motherfucking quaw. The eagle has landed Qua All right. Our first question is from ander beth. I'm constantly being told that lifting weights won't make women bulky But I can just look at a weight and put on muscle Am I an exception to the rule? Is it genetic? I love this question You lucky girl You I love this question because I have heard this statement At least a thousand times at least a thousand times in my career.  We've heard this so many times from women The reality is it's such a small percentage of people I can count on one hand the amount of women that I've met that do build muscle like this and But it's they're on testosterone, but it's countless how many women say that they can do this. So right, right Not discrediting what you're saying you could very well Very well, you could be the exception to the rule You could very well be a genetic Anomaly the reason why we're saying this though is because 99 99% of the time when women say this it's because they lift weights and they gain body fat And they say oh weights make me bulky and it's like no watch your nutrition And then see what happens right because you could gain as a woman you could gain A solid eight pounds of muscle which by the way if you were gaining if you're a man If you're a man and you gain eight solid pounds of muscle you are kicking ass you're you're crushing Let's let's put that in perspective. I can't remember where I read this article But they talked about the average professional bodybuilder that's on anabolic steroids and is a genetic freak Is extremely happy with adding 10 pounds of muscle a year a year a year on anabolic steroids genetic freak Training like a fucking maniac If they can add 10 pounds of lean mass every single year That's a huge feat so put that in perspective like you're probably not the genetic freak You're probably not running a bunch of steroids But more of that it's it's your own perception of yourself right and and a lot of that is distorted because We see our like our pant size right or our legs all sudden We're wearing these our favorite yoga pants or something and they feel tighter And they feel tighter than they ever feel and all of a sudden you go off But let me tell you on there's so many factors that can manipulate that You could easily have taken in Some extra sodium the day before and drank an extra glass or two of water And now all of a sudden your body's holding on to so so much water You could have ate 50 more grams of carbohydrates that day and now your body's pairing and holding on to more water And now you're so there's a lot of things that you could be doing That makes it feel like you're getting fatter, but you're really not getting fatter or getting bulkier What's happening is you're you know holding on to a little bit of weight, which could be water weight or If you're lucky you're building some muscle and if you're building some muscle You're only speeding your metabolism out, which is only going to help you lean out But it definitely if you're eating in a caloric deficit and you're lifting Heavy weight and lifting to to be bulky. You're going to build an incredible physique And I'll uh, I want to address the genetic freaks in a second, but first before I do that I'm going to give you an example. That's kind of the reverse I was so afraid When I was working out for years, especially when I in early days I was so afraid of losing weight I was so afraid of being skinny That if I lost a half a pound or if I felt any semblance of being smaller I freaked out to the point where I never got shredded for decade for decades I mean lifting weights from 14 till now The first time I really really really got shredded.  Yeah, so afraid. So at one point I got I faced that fear. I let myself get lean. I felt smaller on my sweaters I felt smaller in my shirts. Oh my god I'm getting skinny and then next thing I know I see definition of my muscles next thing, you know I'm getting ripped next thing, you know people are telling me I look bigger And it helped me get over my fear now women many women are on the other side of that Yeah, it's exact opposite. Yes.  I like I said I can count on one hand All the years I've worked in fitness and I worked in fitness in other words. I worked with female trainers I worked with female competitors. I worked with people who are all More genetically gifted than the average and on one hand I can count the amount of women I've met where I'm like wow you really do build Muscle like a man now if you are That genetic freak and you do gain eight pounds of muscle, which is a lot if you gained eight lean pounds of muscle Without a single ounce of body fat. You'd be barely bigger Barely bigger because muscle is so dense. It's a very dense tissue. It's not like fat Like if you gain eight pounds of body fat, it's if you could see it creates a lot of space eight pounds of muscle You'll be a tiny bit bigger. You're gonna feel harder I guarantee that the the bulky feeling has to do with calories carbs and sodium and water like those I guarantee those are the things that are making you feel that way Which I'll you know, I tell you what I couldn't break out of this so I can totally relate I totally understand because just like sal This is exact same thing except from the other side for us, right? And it wasn't until I actually decided to say, okay, I'm gonna get As shredded as I possibly can who cares if I lose a bunch of muscle. That's not the goal That was a very hard transition for me to make and it was a mental struggle And if it wasn't for the fact that I was gonna get on stage and compete I don't know if I would have ever done it So I can totally relate and understand the challenge that it is mentally Because you see yourself a certain way you get on the scale You see these little things go up and down, but it's amazing how much we can fluctuate day to day based off those things I'm talking about with calories carbs sodium water all that stuff will fluctuate your body day to day And it's not a true sign of muscle and fat just because your clothes are fitting a certain way And the only way you'll break this is you'll you'll have to just Give in and say, you know what? I'm gonna I'm gonna train this way. I'm gonna trust the process I'm gonna lift like I'm trying to be bulky. I'm gonna lift like I'm trying to build muscle for a while But I'm gonna eat like I'm trying to stay lean and be consistent with that long enough and watch what happens Watch what happens, but you can't do that for one week or two weeks. And then that's it Like this that's not so so I so this experience Similar to like my girlfriend. So my girlfriend she's I wouldn't say she's uh One of the people that I one of the women I've seen that builds muscle like a man But she's definitely up there.  She's got this ability just to put on muscle And she's built like she she can put on muscle really well But she was also afraid of being bulky and big and so You know, I've been with her now for a couple years and she's dealt with some metabolic damage And we've brought her calories up and her metabolism is faster, but she never really allowed herself to go above I'd say 1800 calories now that sounds like a decent amount But for a woman that lifts weights and works out almost every single day Who's got a decent amount of muscle? It's really not that many calories way more than what it was She used to gain weight on anything over 1100 calories But now she's consuming 1800.  I've gained a lot of weight, but that's okay I've gained a lot of weight, but that's okay. So the other day I told her Tomorrow I said when you go to work because she trains at this gym. I said step on the scale Let me know how much you weigh She's like, okay, so she goes over there. She weighs herself She she weighs I think a pound heavier maybe two pounds heavier Mostly the result of the fact that she weighed herself later in the day and had clothes on So I said, well, there you go with problem. You know what happened?  She was an athlete all the way through college Like so everything was balls to the wall and Was sometimes that she was in great shape because She was balls the wall and her diet was out then and then sometimes she wasn't so great because she was eating off All off the rails, but she but she was still always training So when she would when we first started dating like this is just kind of this cycle She went and she was always in good shape like Katrina's never been Like I never saw her fat like she never got above 14 15 body fat for a female which is really low But she just assumed that her shape of her body the way it looks would never change I said, well, you've never really changed. You've never really trained to sculpt your body And she's like, well, what do you mean? I don't I guess I do I do weights I go, no, you don't you do like cardio with weights Like that's all you're doing is like you're building endurance right now in stamina You're not building muscle like we're not sculpting your body and shaping you like you got it If you build some muscle you could change the way you look and she's like No, and she wouldn't she just was not having it and one day she finally came to me and she goes, okay What would you do? And the irony is now the woman does not run Okay, she doesn't do any cardio whatsoever. She doesn't eat cardio to walking on the treadmill Okay, or walking on a hot way to do hikes all the time.  But like have you guys found like in your career that most of the time Women have the hardest time resting and going through like a strength phase, of course Yeah, because it's been tattooed it's been tattooed in everybody's head the hardest time to get it You gotta burn you gotta burn you gotta burn if you want to burn fat you gotta burn you gotta burn You gotta move you gotta move you gotta move And that and that is exactly the her mentality now It's great It's I love having her talk to women like this because She can relate so much and tell them like listen I thought the same thing too and now all she does is squat deadlift and good mornings overhead It changes everything. Yeah, I mean once once Courtney is the same thing with you guys And it's easier once they buy into it and and they see what it does to their body It's like wow it finally starts to resonate But it takes a long time to get that you know to to penetrate it's the exact Opposite but same thing that I went through I was so afraid of on the toll I was so afraid of missing a meal Or so afraid of not stuffing my I got to the point where if I didn't feel stuffed Like if I didn't feel like fuck I just ate a whole bunch of food You're gonna lose Yeah, I'm like, oh, I gotta eat real quick Like I had to feel like I'm stuffing myself all the time Well, that's how I'm feeling comfortable How many times did you make this decision? And this is exactly again the exact opposite the the women that are in her shoes. This is what they do You and it is the opposite of what we do I would At like I would weigh myself in the morning afternoon not like because I was wanting to gain so bad, right And if it was afternoon time and I knew at that time like where my weight needed to be So the next morning I woke up as heavy or heavier And so a lot of times, you know, I get busy with work I'd be working for like six hours straight.  I get on the scale.  Oh god I would jack in the box. Yes.  I was so afraid that I would lose muscle I just got a diarrhea right now. Isn't that crazy, bro? So, you know, listen the same person Listen, no, listen. This is the same thing that she goes through but the opposite, right?  They skip a meal or they just have a salad instead.  Why because I'd be heavier on the scale There's you know, women will not weigh themselves unless it's in the morning.   You're not that chick at all Right, it's like a linebacker. Yeah, and and honestly if you're like Sal's girl or Katrina too can put on muscle pretty well But there's still not like serena williams Yeah, there's a woman right that I could see that builds muscle like crazy, right, right, but she's rare Right that is super and you can see those girls you can see those girls. I mean they're they don't have to lift weights Yeah, it's very obvious when when there's a girl that has this that's just a just like with guys I feel like the guys I mean men and women are the same here as far as the the spectrum of Genetic freaks versus average joes, you know Most of us are all average joes and then every once in a while you see the guy who doesn't follow a nutrition plan Has terrible programming. They stand out.  It's just too much. Okay. Go do it. Well, hold on If you are one of those women, it's as rare. Okay, I'll make this and I'll stand by this It's as rare seeing somebody who's seven feet tall now Walk around outside. Tell me actually think to yourself how many times besides going to nba game Have you ever seen someone that's seven feet tall? It's extreme. It's so rare that if you saw one today, you'd remember it In fact, you probably remember that one time you saw someone that was seven feet tall That's how rare it is most you probably are not this most people Are average joes, but they identify with the extremes because that's the where the insecurities lie Right, like if you were to ask me as a kid growing up the entire all the way till I was 30 years old I would tell you that oh, I am for sure a hard gainer the hardest of hard.     Yeah, trust the process All right. The next question is from fit nina 22 What are your thoughts on carb cycling for fat loss in comparison to intermittent fasting and maintaining consistent daily intake? Is one better than the other in terms of reaching both optimal fat loss and metabolism We have to address that the intermittent fasting in there is This is what I don't like about it. I f right. This is what I don't like is because it's been Sensationalized so much Now it's a diet. Yeah, and it's become a diet now Now and when it becomes a diet and that and you're doing it for the intentions of losing body fat Now it's now it's more closer to an eating disorder than actually a healthy thing that you should be doing And I know that's kind of hard to To just to swallow that when you if you're listening right now and you love intermittent fasting But really intermittent fasting when it comes to that level where you're using it's less of a lifestyle thing It's called intermittent for a reason You're supposed to intermittently inject it every now and then not it's not supposed to be something that you live by all the time Our body needs all these nutrients, especially if you're lifting weights and you're exercising So right out the gates if you if you look at it like that because carb cycling and intermittent fasting are totally different Yeah, before I before I address comparing them Um, I'll say this my thoughts on carb cycling are it's great. Uh, I think all Cycling is great. I think you should cycle all your macros. I think you should cycle your calories I think you should cycle the times of day you eat. I think you should cycle cycle protein fasting Yes, because think about it. You know, it's funny. So I'm glad you said that Justin about about protein because nobody ever wants to touch that one, right? If we so far up until now What we're finding for for health for optimal health and to some extent optimal performance What we're finding is if we feed our bodies in ways that our bodies evolved eating That we will have a good balance between performance and health now for sure 100 percent No way in hell for most of human civilization.   That's what I do every day That's so unnatural. It's ridiculous.  That means we cycled proteins That means sometimes our calories were high when we had food And there were long periods of time when we had no food. So we had very low calories This is why fasting prolonged fasting occasional prolonged fasting Has been demonstrated for unhealthy individuals to have Profound health benefits when I say profound. I mean It's probably one of the single most effective anti cancer things you could do For yourself to the point where the leading researchers on fasting Like dr. Volter Longo Consider the fasted state and an alternative operating system In other words when you fast you turn on a different operating system where cell autophagy Dramatically ramps up. That's the automatic program cell death of cells that are older Or mutated or whatever. So it's like this cleaning out process You activate stem cells and then when you refeed those stem cells turn into new healthier cells We've now we've observed and this is old science that when you go on a prolonged fast like three days four days five days long That the organs will shrink the liver will shrink in some cases the liver can shrink to half its size Then you when you refeed yourself it comes back. By the way, it doesn't reduce its function So you don't you don't have reduced liver function. It literally is like old cells die Boom replaced with new cells. It's one of the best things you could do occasionally Now the daily fasting that people are doing where they do every single day, they become dogmatic about it There there are some health benefits But I will also say that doing it all the time every day the returns the returns have to diminish Not just the adaptation machine with everything It makes total sense to me that the people that and I know this is going to roll Ruffle some feathers because I know some people love intermittent fasting so much they do it every single day But i'm sorry if you're doing it every single day Your body's probably pretty adapted to that and the major benefits that you were getting when you first started doing that Have diminished that doesn't mean you're not getting benefits. I'm not saying that and I'm not saying you can't do that All I'm saying is the real things the real stuff that we're benefiting from is by Intermittently injecting it and then stretching it out to these long periods and not only that but In the right context of let's say hpa axis dysfunction High cortisol levels cortisol resistance Consistent fasting makes all that worse. It's not going to benefit you in that situation. It actually makes it worse It makes it worse an added stress. It's it becomes an added stress on the body It becomes a you know increases your cortisol release and does all these other things So so that's on fasting now if we're comparing carb cycling with intermittent fasting To for health and all that stuff. They're both important I recommend utilizing both of them the reason why I like fasting for some of the benefits I talked about I also like fasting for some people for the mental benefits of breaking the chains Of food now for some people that actually can create a worse relationship with food So if you're somebody that avoids food because you're scared of being fat and you tend to go on that anorexic route Fasting is not what you need to do. But if you're one of these eat every two hours Can we just say right now that carb cycling intermittent fasting ketogenic diet vegetarian diet paleo diet?  I think everybody should experience it I think you should all the diet some of them are crazy. Well, no all the ones I named right now, right? Yeah, you don't need to do the cookie diet But you know what maybe maybe try that for a little bit and see how you fucking feel and connect the dots That's the point is that whatever you do It's not don't do not attach yourself to a single way of eating as better than something else Learn to go through these diets learn to go through these these structured ways of eating And learn to connect the dots to what it does for your body and how it makes you feel absolutely I think it's Along those lines you have to find what's homeostasis for you So whatever you have responded to the best Remember that you know remember that and and come back to it after you like You know go through another process and you're challenging yourself just like optimizing the body And we talk about this you know somewhat where you know I want to find What's working best, but now I want to stretch my my abilities and my capacity a little bit more right?  It's the macro profile that you changed currently and let it help or use those tools to help connect You know, use what are they getting closer to what your body needs? What's the quote let food be that medicine? Right. So like I I know when to change My macro uh profile know when to change my food intake based on at this point now based on how I feel My inflammation performance All these different things carb cycling the reason why people like carb cycling so much I like carbs increases Sensitivity to carbohydrates so your body responds better to them It gives you periods of maybe more fat intake when your carbohydrates lower People do notice increased fat loss with it. Uh, probably for the reasons that I just highlighted leptin and ghrelin benefits like that So all those things if you're too consistent all the time not a good idea with nutrition I think you should cycle in and out of all those different things identify what they do for you Know that your body will change and circumstances will change and along with those your diet should change Next question is from jazasaur thoughts now that the FCC has voted to kill net neutrality. Oh, yeah Here's the question I wanted to get to you wanted to get you want to go here I did want to go here because one there's a lot of confusion around this And um, I've read and watched a lot of fucking videos and shit on both sides of this So and I and I can I could argue it either way, but I know what I'm pro I mean any any time fucking government regulation gets involved in anything I I can't I can't think of something on the top of my head that it's been good No, and here's the so this is by the way for and this is a lot of a lot of people don't realize explain this first before we go And talk so the FCC regulates, uh, like phone lines and stuff like that And so the regulation of net neutrality was under that kind of under that guy So they're using these these outdated regulations and trying to figure out a way to apply them to the internet um the principle of Net neutrality is that all internet service providers Must treat all data on the internet the same and not discriminate or charge differently By user content website platform application Like they're not allowed to which that kills free market right there Okay, does not allow a company one other company to go in and say i'm gonna do this better We're gonna spend more money. We're gonna build more towers.  I want to charge. No, no, no So this is it's here's the thing people are like no this ensures fairness We need rules to make everything fair. That's never let me tell you something. Let me let me explain something to you This is not the first time this has happened. This has happened in all growing powerful industries that we've seen Since the industrial revolution We will have an industry come out explode growth quickly and then they will come out and usually It's promoted by the new industry leaders So if you have like taxicab companies taxicab companies Lobby to pass laws that say in order to become a taxicab driver You have to pay For this what they call a medallion in some places To be able to drive a taxi now the way they sell it is we want to ensure that everything is Safe that we're regulated. We want to make sure only the right people are driving taxis And uber is a perfect example why it works better to do it that way in reality What they're doing is they're just protecting themselves. So the the biggest supporters of Net neutrality are the big players in the market Netflix and google and these big companies of course they want net neutrality. It protects them from Potential innovation and competition. This is all industries work this way It's the alliance of government and big business now. Some people will argue and say Well, we need this because there's only in some places. There's only like one or two ISP providers. We already have a monopoly that is not because of the free market. I'm sorry. It's not It isn't because business decided we can only have one isp. It's your local government It's your local government allowing so many phone lines allowing so many companies to provide this data And that's why there's no competition. It's not the market now Net neutrality says we need to keep everything fair and make everything be treated the same Let's apply that philosophy to other things in the market. Let's imagine we said um, I don't know all All shipping needs to count the same cost the same We want to make sure all companies ship things to you and they have to be charged the same exact amount Would we have amazon prime? Would we have ups or fedex that came out and Forced our mail system to compete. Do you know how long it took by the way? You know overnight should all look like the post office bro overnight shipping Our post office said was impossible for decades. They said it'll never happen Then ups comes out fedex come out revolutionize the industry Create ways of shipping things to your house Overnight and you got to pay for it. You got to pay more for it Of course you do if you don't have to pay for it Who's going to invest the time and money right to innovate if there's not more money, right? Okay, that's where innovation comes from it comes from they see them. They see a market need They see people will pay for it. They come in and innovate now all of a sudden the post office can can deliver overnight amazon prime is an example of that any time you have government step in and say This is this is fair. We need to create fairness. You know what I tell you what? milk and eggs staple in nutrition staple for for for people Those are staple foods. We need to make sure everybody gets milk and eggs.  Okay, you ready? We need to make sure milk and eggs Everybody get milk and eggs. They are nutritious People need them. They're staples in our diet I want to make sure that everybody has access to milk and eggs Therefore no gallon of milk can be sold for more than 75 cents And no dozen eggs can be sold more than more than 75 cents. We want to ensure fairness bottom line Sounds nice. Sounds great. Right if you're the average person, you're listening to that going wow They're going to pass a law and miraculously make milk and eggs cheaper and everything's going to stay the same We're going to have all this access. There's always a cause and effect What is the effect of that now what we have done now as I've sent a Artificial signal to the market saying that there is no more value in producing more milk There is no more value in producing more eggs or better quality eggs We're going to achieve shortages as a result less producers are going to go into the market to create these Products because there's no money involved and now milk only cost 75 cents if you could fucking find it Good luck or wait in line for three hours to try and get it. This is how This is the mentality around socialism. This is the mentality around a lot of these things So the when the FCC comes out and says we're going to make it even playing field what they're doing is they're killing innovation Now the fear is that netflix or companies like netflix like google whatever are going to say to you Hey, if you want our super pre premiere service, you got to pay more or we're going to charge you now $500 a month because now we're getting charged more because we're sending so much data because now the isp providers Can charge us more us more?  I dare you netflix. Yeah, we'll see how the market responds. What do you think's going to happen?  I'm still waiting on google wire. Why would facebook want to give people free internet? Why would they pay to deliver free internet? Think about that because it benefits them right it benefits them to provide These services so and the reason why the internet of all the things we can think of in modern times Nothing has grown faster or innovated faster or has produced more wealth in a short period of time like the internet It's been Incredible nothing compares if we looked at internet web pages just 10 years ago compared to now They're almost unrecognizable. Look at the products that we use in tech. Look at the price of tech Do you know in 1978? I think when the Walkman first came out in 1978 dollars? I'm not even adjusting it for inflation was over 300 dollars to buy a Walkman back then It was over 300 dollars if we adjusted for inflammation something like uh for inflation something like 500 something dollars right, you know and today you could get a Walkman. I guarantee you could get a cassette player for a dollar. Yeah Yeah for free. Yeah, they'll give it away.  Do you know what your clothes and shoes would look like? Do you know how shitty they would be has and does anybody familiar with the car the soviet union made?  There it is.    You don't want that Well, look at what's already happening with youtube and how like they're trying to filter All of like the swearing and they're they're trying to filter like all the different messages people are putting out So it's like, you know, like who's the same now somebody could come in and we could do it on a different platform Versus now we're stuck like like they just killed business for a lot of people So so telecommunications your phones Were when phones were first created and invented the you know, it was kind of unregulated and then the government stepped in to protect Right.  How many places do you live where you have to provide earmuffs?  That's because of regulations. We were limited to like one service provider in a different different areas 2014 it was I think it was obama Who urged the FCC to reclassify broadband internet as telecommunications? That's smart. What they were trying to do is trying to classify internet as telephone Because now they have all the controls already in place They're trying and that was just part of the whole plan of getting their hands In the internet and for in every single case when the government gets their hands on something They sell it with good intentions It's it's it's for the uninformed or for the average person It sounds like a good thing and those regulations only grow only grow They get their hands on it more and more and nothing scares the government more than the internet The internet is anarchy. It literally is anarchy. You can go on the internet You can search almost anything you can read almost anything people can share things. It could be shared.   They try position like it's what we're trying to help you out against Is you're not a patriot and by the way the net neutrality laws passed two years ago So how was the internet before two years ago? It was fine. It's going to continue to be fine Companies are definitely going to try doing different things. I guarantee you're going to get this piecemeal Companies who say okay fine if you pay only this much we'll give you just these websites or just this Let them try it. They'll probably fail because people want everything Or maybe they won't maybe some people will like paying less for that type of stuff Maybe there'll be services with way better You know stuff or whatever let the competition continue and watch what happens. No, I sorry, uh, fcc did the right thing I think next question is from protein power ranger Do you think that when we were children we knew how to eat intuitively? But life and dietary pressures from others messes us up. That's interesting question Um, I don't you know fuck, you know why that's interesting is because animals have an animal instinct, right? so if you took Like a dog and you had and they actually do this right there's some people that actually go to this extent I know there's companies that do this where you can plant trees and different plants and stuff that are inside your backyard That if the dog's having stomach problems or the dog's lacking super certain nutrients It'll naturally go to the things that it needs When their stomachs upset they eat grass and make themselves throw up right and it's not you don't train your dog to do that It just knows to do that. So there I could see the argument of But the problem with this is that Babies are the and you just talked about this the other day Sal was like babies come out We're the only like species that requires the assistance from one of the only one right right that require like without Fetus we would die with if we if we just if someone just like had a baby then left us out in the middle of the desert We would die like this.  That's like It'll it'll hook them in like so it's some kind of like sugary cereal or cake or whatever like To a kid they're gonna consume the fuck out of it And and then they're gonna want that more and more and more and more Where you know, I'm sure at some point it'll be you know, they'll feel the ramifications of that and their body will get sick and You know, maybe that'll lead to better decisions but Yeah, that's an interesting thought because I don't I I think that it's I think instinct isn't they haven't learned The actual like, you know, the process of what feels good if you know, it's the exposure and in itself Definitely think that we can we can train that palette. We could train that in our kids early on like I think it's crazy Like okay, so right off the gates. I think probably I don't know what the percentage of people that use like gerber foods You're already like now we're already giving them something process and unnatural where if you I know some people take the extra step to Grinding up people don't want to hear that Right.   Yeah, that's crazy. So I think so I think we underestimate our our natural instincts I think we're all born with a Strong level of intuitive eating. I think when you take an infant and you place them on The mother's bosom it seeks out the nipple and it drinks the milk. Nobody teaches it to do that. It's instinctual I think babies are instinctually attracted to sweet because sweet means Not poison usually means safe Babies and children are automatically repelled by bitter because in nature bitter means potentially poison or whatever I think uh, and this this is you know, most anthropologists will say this That uh, although we didn't have baby food What we probably did is we probably chewed up the food and spit it back in our baby's mouth One of the reasons why a lot of times you'll get that urge to Like bite down and grab and grit your teeth when you see a cute baby like you want to bite that Oh, I don't know bite that baby Some anthropologists think that's instinctual because it's we used to chew our food And then give it to the baby. So with this instinctual need to want to grit and squeeze our teeth. Yeah Um now the problem is that the environment is not the same The the same environment that we evolved in to trust our intuition So a baby or a child who grew up in a natural environment Will put things in their mouth, of course That's what kids do part of it's building up the gut floor and all that stuff But they'll probably want to eat and chew and swallow the sweet thing that they found because again It means safe and whatever and it was probably a piece of fruit or some piece of vegetable That was safe to eat or whatever or breast milk In the current environment That means most processed foods that didn't exist before so that intuition is still there It's just and it completely doesn't serve you as well. It's in a different environment. Yeah, you know, it's just in a different environment It's mixed signals because it's artificial like we've manufactured. Well, I don't know if it's different food items or it's it's heightened Right is what it is. It's just like we talked about this the other day like, you know, I have a heart I like Diet Coke and I know why my body's addicted to it.  Well, that's because you haven't you you haven't become addicted to it Well, we do the same thing with the kids like that sweet like sal saying is right It's safe. It's same similar signals like the milk signal only it's Amplified by a thousand times and you're already starting to get them adapted to that that signal So now yeah, of course it's and the palette the palette actually they're showing lots of Lots of evidence now that shows that The infant's palette starts developing in the womb right from the mom which makes sense It makes sense because it makes sense that a child or that a baby would be born Enjoying the food that their mother ate because it's likely that that's what they'll be eating When they're born, it's likely that that's what they're going to be exposed to so it starts in the womb What you eat your child will probably enjoy in crave or was more likely to enjoy in crave Then what you feed the baby the palette starts to develop So we've talked about this before how like Asian families, you know Chinese children who grew up in china They're not repelled or repulsed by the smell of fish like fish doesn't Repel them when you go to a market and it's a fishy smell They grew up around it their palette developed around it doesn't repel them now You take the average american who doesn't eat a lot of fish you put them in a fish market like oh It smells like fish. I don't like that it kind of repels them and vice versa There's foods that the chinese child might find repulsive in america. Um, I can't I mean If you show a can if you open a can of chef boyardy And you show it to Italian Italian kids who eat like traditional food. Yeah, they'll they'll want to throw up It's so bad because they're not used to right pasta being that way or whatever Whereas, you know american kids might think the irony in all this when you get when you get into like the whole mom It wouldn't think which I think is a sensitive sensitive subject because it's all they feel like they're being judged Well, yeah, we it's which I think is funny to me because If we saw a pregnant a nine month pregnant pregnant woman shooting heroin doing cocaine or drinking alcohol We would freak out right judgment right a lot of judgment freak out. Oh my god.  It's all getting in the bloodstream And it's all getting over to the baby somehow passed on right and it's getting and it's getting passed on And you potentially could be setting your your kid up for all these all Already craving these bad foods or a different palette right out the gate It's tough because I feel I really really feel For mothers for a few different reasons one. It's challenging enough.   Yeah, totally. But I feel it's different now and it's only been different for the last 50 to 100 years We're in abundance is yes.   Right completely different challenge and that's a different challenge with children.   It's just a new challenge It's a new modern challenge that we have to face But it's an important one and it's definitely one that better to start earlier than later.  It's just being aware of it It's like be aware that and and I'm not shaming any pregnant woman that goes out and has an apple pie Like that's not my point of saying that and I'm sure somebody got offended that way But the point is just be a fucking aware of that like you are that is getting in you're digesting that That's getting into your blood and then that's getting served right up to your kids So think about that and if you want the best for them if you know If you know that you already struggle like myself from the way the patterns and the things that my Parents allowed me to eat and do as a kid now I struggle with it my entire life as an adult If you don't want those same things for your kids and think about that when you're when you're consuming food That's you know that you're sharing with them. Absolutely Uh, check this out go to youtube mind pump tv We post new videos all the time. In fact, we've had a few controversial ones Up there recently get in the comments and debate some of these trolls on youtube defend mind pump Come to our aid. We want the soldiers out there. We love you. Thank you for listening to mind pump If your goal is to build and shape your body dramatically improve your health and energy and maximize your overall performance Check out our discounted rgb super bundle at mindpumpmedia.com The rgb super bundle includes maps anabolic maps performance and maps aesthetic nine months of phased expert exercise programming designed by sau adam and justin to systematically Transform the way your body looks feels and performs with detailed workout blueprints and over 200 videos The rgb super bundle is like having sau adam and justin as your own personal trainers But at a fraction of the price The rgb super bundle has a full 30 day money back guarantee And you can get it now plus other valuable free resources at mind pump media dot com If you enjoy this show, please share the love by leaving us a five star rating and review on itunes And by introducing mind pump to your friends and family We thank you for your support and until next time this is mind pump


iPhones became a real nightmare in every major city. We had murders that occur in London, New York, and Chicago. And in San Francisco, we had some people that were very seriously injured. And there were people talking in Congress about creating a federal crime out of stealing a cell phone. And I said, boy, we still haven't learned our lessons, right? It's not about sending somebody to prison on this. I mean, the reality is you can steal a cell phone. And the reason why you do this, because you can reseller for a large dollar a month, right? So I say, how about if we create a process where your cell phone gets stolen? Remotely, you can do something so that the cell phone no longer functions. And we fought Apple, and we also dealt with Samsung and others. And that's how we call it a kill switch. And we actually eventually got legislation passed.  It's a result of this, right? Cell phone theft, plummeting.