The internal rate of return is one of two capital budgeting analysis techniques to consider the time value of money in its calculations. The other is the net present value. Recall that the payback period technique does not consider the time value of money, and that is one of the weaknesses of that method. The internal rate of return is the rate of return a company can expect from investing in a capital project. When the internal rate of return and the discount rate are the same, net present value is zero. Projects with internal rates of return greater than or equal to the discount rate are acceptable. The discount rate is not used in IRR calculations. Since IRR is only based on the discounted net cash inflows and outflows, the change in the discount rate has no impact on IRR, meaning how a project is financed does not impact the internal rate of return. When I solve internal rate of return assignments, I usually set up a table like this. Under the items column, I can enter the items that create cash inflows and outflows. The other columns group the cash flows in the period in which they occur. They can be netted together, and I can use Excel to solve for IRR. Let's look at an example. Atamant is considering the purchase of a $25,000 machine that would reduce operating costs by $7,000 per year. At the end of the machine's five-year life, it will have $5,000 scrap value. The discount rate is 12%. So you can see I listed the items in the table and when their related cash flows occur. I also made sure to note which were cash inflows, like the savings in operating costs and the salvage value, and which were cash outflows, like the initial cost of the machine. Then I can solve for IRR using the Excel formula, equals IRR, open parentheses, and then you highlight the cash flow range, closed parentheses. Two things to remember in order to solve this correctly. First is to make sure the initial cash outflow is negative. There is no way to determine the return on investment if all the numbers are positive. The second is the order of cash flows in the range have to be correct. For example, had I not netted the year five numbers together and just added a six-year for the salvage value, I would get an incorrect IRR because the solution would think that that happened in year six rather than year five. Okay, so I enter equals IRR, open parentheses, and then I highlight the entire range of cash flows, which is I16 to M16, and that gives me a return of an IRR of 16.48%. Our investment decisions on investments with IRRs greater than or equal to the discount rate are acceptable. All things being equal.


Good morning. Before I actually get to this content, I'm sorry, risk five. I was reading the slides just for risk dash feed. I'm like, not morning brain. Anyways, risk five, that is a real name. Sorry. Now, where do we go from here? So I've been a part of the CNCF community for about five years now. I first started off an envoy as one of the first contributors. I started off at Lyft. Was there for a while. I joined open telemetry, a part of omniscient. I'm on the open telemetry governance board. I was listening to the program committee for 2019, and this is actually my fifth KubeCon as co-chair, or known to some as my reign of terror or observability. I say this because I've run a lot of CFPs, and this has given me a holistic, global view of the CNCF ecosystem and what we're here to celebrate. One thing that has always been in the back of my mind since accepting this role is, how do we keep KubeCon, CloudNativeCon relevant, or fresh, and how do we keep CNCF relevant, right? We've heard yesterday from Katie and Priyanka. It's the next generation of CloudNative, and that's been in the back of the mind. And so, where do we go from here? And that's what I'm gonna talk about. So who is we, what is here? We, everyone in this room, right? It is the people and the technology. It's all of our CNCF projects and things tangentially related to it. Everyone watching this now or later, contributors and users, consumers. But it's so much more than that too, right? We have to also acknowledge the vendors and the industries are built around it, right? I call this out because entire industries hinge on our technologies, everything that we built. That means that personas and typical roles involved in our projects have grown. This is actually why the business value track was added. This is highlighting sales, marketing, PM executives, even students, and talking about what the value of our projects are. All to say is that we can't ignore our impact and our scope. What is here? There is the physical here, right? We're at this conference. There is also the current adoption and relevant trends. There's meetups, day minus one, day zero events, right? It is how relevant cloud native is to our careers, tech, and actually you can really say the rest of the world because a lot of things we build run most of the world. So remember this in part, there is no scar in the story. Don't worry, we won't be traumatized. But everything you see is in our realm, right? CNCF is everywhere and it touches a lot of things. What this means is that there are a lot of opportunities. So we're gonna play a game. If you're attending virtually, you can post your answer in, I'm not gonna read that out loud in that Slack channel. And if you're here, when I ask my question, I want you to say the first project that thinks to your mind, okay? And you can shout this out in here. So when I say cloud native or CNCF, what is the first project to think of? Okay, anyone else wanna yell? Okay, it's fine. So, right, Kubernetes. Now, this is great because it brings people to conversation and we can drown them with our landscape. But I wanna change how we think about this. When I say cloud native or CNCF, I want people and organizations to think of a complete offering, everything needed for a cloud transformation. Because we are so much more than Kubernetes. I've been asked many times before, should I adopt Kubernetes or Envoy? Kubernetes or Open Telemetry? First of all, you should not be asking, you should adopt Kubernetes. And it's not my strength. But this question actually does everyone a disservice, right? There are numerous projects within CNCF, right? This is taken from the 2020 CNCF annual report. And notice at the end of 2020, if you sum this all up, there's roughly 80 projects. As Priyanka shared yesterday, there are over 130 projects. Another way to think of this is consider how many day one and day zero events there are, right? You have to scroll through that.  This is an indication that our community has shifted and grown and our needs are evolving. Secondly, is that how we shape the question shapes the answer, right? If we keep on saying, should I adopt this, you're gonna think everything can be solved by that, right? Everything will look like a nail. Everything can be solved by one project. So this actually leads us to a problem. We, and so I will give us all kudos. We're getting really good at acknowledging our blind spots and we're acknowledging that there is a cost to adopting our new technology. A lot of our offerings require a lot of work, right? There is no free lunch. We do a lot of efforts to make things better, but there's still a lot of ways to go. Also, most of our projects require an expert in the tools in addition to an expert in the adopters of these use case. I'm gonna thank Cornelia for this, but the saying, right? Remember when you're in college, high school, learning and textbooks would demonstrate a concept with an easy example and leave all the rest of the questions as an exercise to the reader. Were those questions easy? Anyone? No, right? Unfortunately, a lot of our technology is like that, right? It's, we'll talk a bit about why we can shift that, but so we are fortunate to put a lot of burden on our consumers to learn about us and also learn about their use cases. Another thing, we don't have tight integration across most projects. Really, once you've adopted one project, you don't get a lot of freebies adopting another one, right? It doesn't necessarily mean your transition will be smoother. There are also gaps in our offerings, right? Now, I've been polling people across the conference and there's a few things that came up. Bare metal, IM, connection between L4 and L7 requests, ML. We're gonna talk a little bit more about these gaps in a few minutes. So I want us to reframe the question, right? Instead of should I adopt project X? Whenever someone asks me that question, I always ask them several questions in response because there isn't enough information. We're making, you'll make assumptions about the problem being solved. Also, I wanna add a caveat. I want everyone to use all CNCF projects or at least a majority of them, but I know it isn't realistic. So just having that there, know that that when we're thinking about these things doesn't mean you always have to adopt them. So what is the biggest issue, right? So we're framing the question, what is the biggest issue you're faced with now, right? What will be your biggest issue coming soon? You should be asking this question when someone's asking if they wanna adopt a project because it forces you to think about the present and the future, right? Well, like when you're mapping, do you know, right, you don't know if you're gonna turn left or right unless you know where you're going. So we need to think about that. We also need to think about why do you think those are issues? Do they have ties to your business? Is it solving a real problem? Another question is, how does it fit into the big picture? Is it actually worth your time, right? Is this actually, you know, sometimes it'd be great to fix everything, but if it's only maybe costing you one or two seconds and there's something else that has huge impact, that might not be worth it, right? Because we also have finite resources. And so how much resources do you have to throw this problem? These are the questions I want us to ask when people ask us about, should I adopt this project? Let's change it on them because we need to have more information. So why does this matter to everyone here? So a show of hands for folks who have rewritten significant parts of a stack. I'm asking for your participation. Yeah, it's okay, it's not a bad thing. Yeah. Who is now working on an open source version of something that they've worked on that was closed source in the past? I'm gonna, yeah. You'll be my point of reference now. It's great, thank you. Right? So many, and you can argue most CNCF technologies are evolutions of past mistakes. Because, right? And we need to keep this in mind because we don't wanna repeat these mistakes, right? History repeats itself. Now, I don't know if we can actually ever break the rewrite cycle. There's eventually a time for everything. But maybe we can actually increase the length of these cycles, make them much longer. Right? Another thing is like, who's, who's is the first time attending Kupkan? Yeah, okay. And how many, and raise your hand if you've been to nth number of Kupkans. That's been choosing your number, right? What is great about, right? Everyone's having a great time at Kupkan. And this is more than just a gathering of great minds. It's actually, it's a celebration, right? This is validation that we're doing good work and impactful work. We're solving real problems, and that feels really good, right? And another thing that matters to us, to you, is calling out the, we need to identify the vendors and industries, right? They have pivoted industries and vendors have pivoted their entire model to leverage open source projects. It is now central to how they operate their day-to-day. There are also new industries that are popping up, right? There's, I think I saw a joke, it was like, oh, what are the new startups this, like this round of months at Kupkan, right? Entire things are being built around our projects. Now this is all to say that the scope and the impact of our projects is huge. And we all have an opportunity to leverage this momentum. Now, to make sure we can grow into Simba, right? Overlooking the planes. Let's talk about a mindset. Now, we normally talk about success. A success is adoption, right? Now, this is great. We can easily say, safely say, that CNCF is widely adopted, right? Look around, we're here. As Viva just showed, the tenants at Kupkan. But does this mean we'll always be relevant, cool, hip like the cool kids, right? And so I want us to change this to success is adoption and sustainability, right? Sustainability being ease of long-term use. Does upgrading break everything? Do you enjoy using these projects? Are there good dogs? Does it continue to solve relevant problems as a domain evolve? Does it also reduce the mental load on our developers, right? A lot of, you probably heard a lot of stories that some companies or organizations success is tied to that one person that knows where all the bodies are buried. And if they leave, everything falls apart. Now, imagine me circling the and over and over and over again like a grade school teacher. The and is important. We need success to be adoption and sustainability. Now, this challenged us to think about how we build things and what we're achieving. If you're a maintainer, a few times a year, you'll get an email asking for project updates. And one question is about the impact to the end user. This question is asked because it paints a story. These stories contextualize what is built. Bad news, probably don't want to admit it, we're all building products. We might not be thinking about it that way or we might not want to admit it. There's some connotations about it and I won't spoil Jasmine's talk and no, we didn't coordinate our talks, but you'll highlight some ways to think about this thing. But thinking about a product is about understanding how your changes say to a YAML file creates changes to say a mobile application. It is how everything fits in together. Now, great news that there are new faces at KubeCon. And this is where I encourage you to leverage the business value track, especially if people are attending there. They're used to thinking about what, you know, say a YAML file impacts a mobile application or something else, right? This is how they are used to think about the whole picture. And so I encourage you to leverage these, you know, highly, these newly highlighted people to learn how to think of what they do. Also bonus points if you recognize that phone. Now I have a dream. I have a dream that we have a CNCF stack. Now we don't know if this is actually what is needed, but I'm throwing this out there because it highlights two big gaps. Two that I mentioned before. One is that we need better integrations across projects, right? I work very tightly in the observability space right now and I am amazed to see how much cross-project collaboration is within observability, right? You saw yesterday during the project updates with Prometheus that has integration with Open Metrics, Open Telemetry. These are projects that are working together. I want to see bigger. I'll get to that. And the next part is gaps in our offerings. We need to identify these gaps and assess are we targeting these personas correctly? Should we even be targeting those personas? And so kind of to like highlight again the gaps that I found earlier, granted this is a tiny sample set, bare metals, some L4L7 requests, I am. I am is really interesting. I am because I am has been built before cloud was a real keyword, right? Before I saw there's a KubeCon bingo, right? Before cloud was one of those words, like words you'd find there. There are technologies and concepts that are built before cloud was a thing and we are probably leaving those adopters and users behind. And so we need to start thinking about how we can bring them in. Now, this is where as a community, we need to hear how we're leaving you behind and how we've burned you, right? We don't want that to happen and we need that honest feedback. So, you know, pinking the brain, taking over the world. Now, we have a huge opportunity to keep this momentum going and I trust it will take over the world. I mean, I trust that we will be here together in several years and continue to celebrate innovation, community and passion. Now, talking about steps towards a future, I don't know if this is the right way to do it, but these are just ideas. And the very least they would ask, get us, ask good questions and give us some data to make more informed decisions. One wild idea, a cross-tag project group that is focused purely on integration across networking, observability, all these things there. Another one is in the questions that we ask our consumers or end-users adopters, when did our technology fail you? What were the things that you had to internally manipulate in a really weird way so things could fit properly with our things? Would you keep on using it? Asking people a year maybe after they dropped our technologies, why they stopped using it and are they happier with the new offerings? Another thing is questioning, who are we targeting? Are personas correct? Are we thinking too big or too small?  Maybe let's have like a GitHub project or issues list that is all the projects, you know, problems you wish you would have seen. So where do you fit into this? Well, one thing that I love about KubeCon, CognitiveCon is that this is a place where I can meet people who are working on a wide variety of problems. I often learn I'm not alone in trying to solve for something. So my ask of you is when you find that problem that keeps on coming up, strongly consider creating an open source project. I don't think you'd be alone in wanting to solve it and it could one day be you speaking in front of thousands, talking about how you solved a real problem. Thank you, everyone. It's been an honor to be your co-chair.


The parable of the laborers and the vineyard points us to a divinely unjust God. This God is in no sense morally right or fair. Our categories of morality just do not work. Our morality does not point us toward God, and God does not care about our morals. Instead, this God cares about compassion and mercy and generosity. A justice that trumps fairness.


What's going on everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards. We're ripping 22 Panini contenders football hobby six box half case break number 45 Pick your team style read off a list of our names on our teams got Alessandro T with the browns Daniel C Cowboys Don F Raiders Hunter B Falcons James M Seahawks Jared S Packers Saints Steelers Commanders Texans Dolphins Jason G Colts Joseph M. Bills Kyle M Niners Matt M Lions Matthew S Broncos Maximilian H Ravens bangles miles H Jets Oh and F Jags Patrick and Patrick B with the box Roy M Titans Russell B Cardinals Bears Rams Salvatore P chief Patriots Giants and Eagles Steven and with the Panthers Thomas R Chargers Vikings. Good luck everybody Here we go What'd you get Brace? Sounds good frosty Luke we might be out of optic contenders. I don't know if we're saving them for mixers or anything We might be out of like the allocation for personal so that might be the thing I just don't know if we're saving them or anything I'll have the dice rolls To again guys base will not ship that base all inserts numbered stuff that all will as well Austin Eckler to two nine one ninety nine for the Chargers now a charger for the year. Yeah Confirmed charger Josh McKelley start dang it. That card's a god sell man. That was my Josh McKelley investment ever gonna pay Outrage We've been spackled or There's Pepe Williams for the Ravens nice one there. Oh the cave. Let's go braze. Hell. Yeah, dude You'll buy some what? Kenyan green you want my Josh McKelley Texans for Keith's That are probably worth like 50 cents a piece Power players David Montgomery And the Sadiq Bay to don't sleep on the Sadiq Sadiq the freak Hawks legend There's Justin Herbert. Congrats though on that one Chad. That one's awesome, dude That one's awesome MVP contenders teal off camera in dicker dicker the kicker nice one there. Yeah some kicker love for the Chages get to the chages the job just Nick cross It's all over the Colts round numbers one two three top four five six bottom and let's not or one-on-one It's gonna go to the bottom four. I'll go with the commanders. I'll get this guy out of here I'll get this guy out of here. Oh band button is heavy for pie right now heavy heavy Nice breeze hall rookie to your contenders four of 99 on card for the Jets. Congrats on that Jets Oh band hammer is heavy tonight heavy heavy And a base Malik voice Let's go fire away That's great Remember on that one on that day pretty cool. Cade actually. Yeah, there was a pretty sweet Cade. There's a Jared Bernhardt for the Falcons First in a war hit night. I mean don't get much bigger than that I would say for Darian Mathis base auto for the commanders doesn't get much better bigger than a Cade rookie auto for sure out in the war for your first in the war hit go bigger go home on that one Chad Yeah, it's roll Bernard for the bills It's up skull doing well. How are you gonna take a wild guess skull and say you are a Vikings fan That's so funny, dude My the roommate I texted a son Haskins nice one there to 25 for the Titans eight of 25 One of last team steak the on-card variation we We convinced one of my that same room and I tech I was texting Derrick young for the Seahawks base auto That cuz he would do the skull thing all the time. He wasn't like he's not like a big football fan So he's really no right and we're like you can't say that like that's like extremely offensive to like to like Like Nordic people. He's like wait really like no It's a 99 we've got the body Adams Lucky guess who nice we've got Deandre swift on The Championship something I want to say super short print Might be I mean makes sense Yes eagle legend for sure Big-time eagle legend best years of his career with the Eagles Cade York more kicker love for the Browns this time Which needed Jordan stout and a rhinestone house got like all the special teams guys in this Contenders crown jewels crown jewels. Thank you Jalen Virgil for the Broncos based on crown jewels. So not champion something. I was just a shot in the dark CNC and And Miles Garrett power players to you 99 We haven't had the other like the side-to-side one yet True hi, there's Tyree Smith base auto for the Seahawks Samira white damn arena petition to make contenders football like contenders basketball this year petition petition who's signing? Thank you I'll sign I got Donnie on board Okay, so there it is one two three left four five six right It's gonna be a four are gonna go to the right. I'll go with March on at Lattimore. There's auto Jared Bernhardt again $50 gift card from work to spend Yeah Visa or something yeah, Kobe Bryant nice one there for the Seahawks based on I've been like Matt Ryan Logo pageanty. There you go. It's gonna be some Falcon thing market is dry at the moment Will Shakir It's one there for the bills That's close to 50. Yeah You got it So it's really only 2950 theoretically theoretically Big savings there. Yeah James and Williams nice Jmo to 99 Congrats Lions. Very cool Yeah, there's something I will offer free shipping it's like five Yeah, I think I did that with my joker. Oh, yeah, exactly Yeah, maybe that's your $4 for it. It's like really do or five dollars Roger McCreary base auto for the Titans Bealus Jones jr. On-card base rookie ticket Oh, I really wish for like cards that you I'd rather just have like in a thing why I love to just like Message the seller like hey, do you chase the shipping? Oh My home snacks MVP to 25. All right, Rogers rookie ticket on it Let's go into the Armani Rogers a marnette Armani Rogers Do you think like the people that Put cards up front raised numbers like know what they're doing or they're just like Like if I have something super high end, I'd put it up for like ten times What is work and just see what kind of offers you get you put a bit of them probably yeah, I mean sometimes Like I don't have anything that's outrageously price, but right. I mean anything that's outrageously valuable. I mean Chase Garber's for the Raiders Like if I have something that's like Worth like a grand Wanda Robinson on-card rookie ticket that is six of ten nice one Giants one last team stake like if I have something that's like Worth that I would be happy to get like 500 on I'd throw it on eBay for like I just see what kind of offers you get okay, you know what I mean like whatever my big like That's always my big advice to people if something they're like, I don't know how much I should list this for I'm like what you need to do for sure in my opinion is throw put up a price That if someone hits buy it now you are comfortable with Take one Thornton on-card rookie ticket auto. It's three on-card autos in this box. Not bad Yeah, you got someone to buy it exactly. That's what I'm saying Channing Tyndale based rookie ticket up for the adults. I guess it's too like how long you're old to wait on something Yeah, true. I mean most stuff. I'm never really in a rush for I guess I don't have to be but I want to be yeah So maybe I should change that Change that mentality Joe burrow to 99 tickets to Damian Pierce nice to 31 on the variation Congrats Texans Yeah, but that's gonna happen regardless. So yeah, I mean if you sell it like If you sell it on PayPal, you're gonna get taxed on PayPal You know someone John Fitzpatrick base auto for the Falcons unless you get less you have someone Meet you and pay completely in cash like right You're just some somewhere is gonna tax you or take a percentage You know, it's kind of just built in at this point George Pickens rookie It's the system Same people that made rent. So I yep the same people Tyler Goodson that is a playoff ticket to 99 for the Packers Go Green Bay Stevie on round numbers Pearson's in your way Ladiators Oh, yeah, Crystal Lobby rookie to your content. Sorry again. We're just going to the base quickly Like I said stop on every auto every numbered card, but basin and inserts not really worth stopping on I mean we've done 45 Just half cases. I think Everybody's kind of aware Louis Sine Nice one there for the Vikings rookie take it on Yeah, no Higley wishes we could like institute a law or like all Matt Ryan base like it's shit Yes once he was like can I buy a Matt Ryan spot in any break He's really nervous to ship it all yeah, I feel that I feel that's always a little stressful Shipping stuff to get graded. I feel that tie. I just hate like to spend the money Yeah, what you want, it's just like well, not even what I want but like take one Barclay to 199 Like you know like if a card if you got a six and it's really like an eight or not You know, I mean Percy Butler hundred percent. So that's that's my biggest fear so That's like the baby. That's why you gotta send a lot at one time. So you at least make up for the crappy ones Oh my bad. Hey good Let's look for God. He didn't sort it one on the other. Yeah, I probably didn't I probably didn't sort it Johnson Taylor power players. I guess I could have made one like what I do this Yeah, Pepe Williams again for the Ravens nice one there. Don't trust FedEx. That's fair too. That's very very valid Ed Ingram 299 playoff ticket for the Vikings I mean, would you trust FedEx for a new SPS though? Yeah, Johan Dotson rookie of the year contenders. It's a bit of a drive thing I don't think that's I don't envision that happening. Zodam and Knight rookie ticket order for the Jets Well, if I don't come back to Leighton sports cards, you know why no where I'm at Zachary Carter Rookie ticket on trapped in England's basement Trapped in the basement because of the housing market Malik Willis base rookie ticket order nice one there for the Titans Titans did well Actually for being the last team available. Are we all? true I'll trap in our basements. Mm-hmm. All right quick recap here guys of our autos All right, we've got Malik Willis Zachary Carter's on a midnight at Ingram Pepe Williams Percy Butler Louis scene Howard Goodson John Fitzpatrick Damian Pierce Channing Tindall tyke one for in Wanda Robinson to 10 Chase Garber's Armani Rodgers Ville Jones Jr. Roger McCreary James and Williams Galil Shakir Kobe Bryant Jared Bernhardt Tyreek Smith Jalen Virgil KD York Derrick Young Son Haskins thrall Bernard for Darian Mathis Jared Bernhardt Reese Hall Nick Cross Cameron Dicker Kenyan Green Pepe Williams That'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the pillow up next number 46


Good morning everybody. It was so great yesterday to see everybody from this community again every six months we meet up. But I was stopped a thousand times by people with the same two questions. So I thought I may as well just answer them here. The first question, since everybody sees Canonical and Ubuntu as the company that's risen to challenge Red Hat in the enterprise, is what do I think of IBM buying Red Hat? There's two big burly Texans behind the curtain. So let me say I wasn't surprised to see Red Hat sell, because over the last two years I've seen some of their largest users and customers opening up and saying they wanted to have new Linux options and signing up to build open infrastructure with Ubuntu. But I was surprised at the amount of debt that IBM took on to close the deal. And I would be worried for IBM, except the public cloud is a huge opportunity. And I guess it makes sense if you think of IBM being able to steer a large amount of on-prem rail workloads to the IBM cloud, then that deal might make sense. The second question that everybody seems to have is, what bet did I lose to have to grow this magnificent beard? And let me just say that each of us in our own way has to come to terms with the fact that winter is coming. So what I wanted to talk about today is mastering the delivery of OpenStack. And I think this is a really important topic, not just for Canonical but also for the OpenStack community. This is an amazing community. It attracts amazing technology, but that won't be meaningful if it doesn't deliver for everyday businesses. And I say that as representing the company which doesn't just publish Ubuntu and an OpenStack distribution, the reference OpenStack distribution on Ubuntu. We actually manage more OpenStack clouds from more different industries, more different architectures than any other company. I think there are a couple of things that you have to get right. For us, we have to support every single OpenStack release with upgrades. Five years ago, we announced that we'd support IceHouse for five years. And here we are, five years later, supporting IceHouse. What that means is that when we release Stein and Train, we will actually deploy, as part of our test process, we'll deploy IceHouse on 1404, on trusty 1404. We'll deploy workloads on Kubernetes on IceHouse. And then with that running cloud, without losing a workload, we upgrade all the way to Metaka. We take the running cloud, we upgrade to 1604 under the hood. We then upgrade to Queens, upgrade to 1804, and on to Rocky Stein and beyond. All of that is standard when you do the operations properly. In this light, you'll see what matters isn't day two. What matters is day 1500. Living with OpenStack, scaling it, upgrading it, growing it, that is important to master to really get the value for your business. In that entire process, we never allow more than one second for network downtime, which is required when we bounce over ES. So to do that, we build the operations in. And amongst our customers, all of that operations code is open source. It is all shared. They all have the opportunity to use exactly the same operations code and to contribute to that code, right, even if they have wildly different architectures. So that's really important. Operations built in. The second thing that's really important is price performance. And the reason that's so important is because these giant public clouds are competing for your CIO's attention and for your CIO's business. And so if you're going to build a private cloud, it has to be competitive. It has to make sense economically. It has to be that good. So I just want to walk you through the engagement process, the way that we would engage with companies to help them meet that challenge. First, we add a lot of value if we are able to advise you on the way you buy hardware. We're neutral to all of the architectures. Ubuntu is the only operating system that supports all the major architectures with OpenStack. We're neutral to all of the server vendors. And we have hard data, perhaps the most important thing. We have hard data to inform your decision. Buying hardware for a cloud is different to buying hardware for the apps that you used to run and now want to run on the cloud. While the hardware is being ordered, we'll run a series of workshops with your architects to optimize the OpenStack design. There are reasons to have a custom architecture while simultaneously preserving common operational frameworks. When the hardware is ready, we'll lead the deployment. Deployment should take no more than a week and need no more than two people, mainly to keep each other company. This has to be on rails because in the long run, OpenStack has to be easy for a small team to operate if you want the costs to be reasonable. And then we'll hand over that certified cloud either to your operations team or to our operations team if you're looking for a fully managed OpenStack engagement. All of this is designed to help you manage the operating costs of OpenStack and keep your private cloud in line with the costs of public cloud so that you have a successful multi-cloud strategy. Now, a couple of years ago, we started focusing on telcos and I think everybody knows that Ubuntu is the platform for telco OpenStack. Last year, we said we were focused on adding financial services to that. And I'm very excited to tell you that over that period, six of the world's top 20 banks have signed up with Canonical to build open infrastructure on Ubuntu. Now, as we moved into these new industries, that really raises the bar and the complexity and the diversity of things that we support. For those of you who are grappling with GDPR, you'll be delighted to know that the current release of Ubuntu OpenStack supports full disk encryption, bastion, and uses Vault for key storage. I'm also delighted to announce that Ubuntu 1804 will be supported for a full 10 years, in part because of the very long time horizons in some of those industries, financial services and telecommunications, but also from IoT, where manufacturing lines, for example, are being deployed, that will be in production for at least a decade. So that's stuff that we're doing for big businesses. For developers, I think it's really important that we enable developers to engage easily with OpenStack. And so I'm very excited at this, which is the whole of OpenStack in one SNAP package. So SNAP install on any of about 45 different versions of Linux, Ubuntu, Fedora, CentOS, a bunch of versions of Linux. SNAP install MicroStack will give you a full working OpenStack. You'll have Horizon at local host, and your login credentials are over there, Admin and Keystone. There's more information online. Moving up the stack to Kubernetes, we continue to work with the major public clouds. The official Microsoft Kubernetes on Azure is Ubuntu-based, aka same for Google, GKE is Ubuntu-based, IBM is Ubuntu-based, and Ubuntu is a standard option with Amazon's elastic Kubernetes service. Delighted to announce Canonical supports upstream Kubernetes built either with KubeAdam or the charmed distribution of Kubernetes, and we support that obviously on OpenStack and on VMware and on bare metal with MAS. MAS and Kubernetes are key primitives for edge computing. You saw airship earlier, users MAS and Kubernetes. A bunch of companies now have announced reference architectures for edge computing. Again, I'm delighted to see Ubuntu and MAS as common primitives, even if the architectures are wildly different based on different requirements. And continuing on the theme of MAS, MAS is a lightweight provisioning engine. It allows you to deploy operating systems onto servers remotely. MAS 2.5 will add the ability to deploy VMware. So now you can run a remote data center, you can deploy VMware, Windows, Rails, and a Ubuntu using MAS, and of course go from there to do whatever you want. Wrapping up in the field of AI, almost all of the AI research and development that you've read about or seen is on Ubuntu. We work with these giants to enable them to publish that work efficiently to developers and to enterprises. And I'm most excited at the moment about the move of AI from the cloud where training is done and analytics are done out to the edge. This is Amazon's deep lens. It's an Ubuntu powered camera specifically to create a new class of image recognition applications at the edge. So providing people with a seamless platform from the cloud all the way to the edge, perfectly portable AI from your workstation, powered by Nvidia with micro-kates, a snap of Kubernetes, through to your racks on OpenStack. We talked about that in Vancouver. It is now widely in production. Out to the public cloud where that exact same stack, the exact same operating systems, the exact same tools all work, giving you perfectly portable AI. Thank you very much. Have a great week and it's great to be here in Berlin.


But as I said, the institute, if you check the website which is www.fminstitutes.com, you would see that they say you need accounting skills. You need some high level of accounting skills, some really high level of Excel skills, and then general modelling of finance skills. We need a bit of finance as well. So you've been a chartered accountant, how would you say that was a big advantage to passing the exams? Okay, I would say that the exam didn't really need the very technical accounting skills. It was very basic. As basic as understanding how to calculate a pure profit, very given, and very basic. You don't need to be a chartered accountant. It's not testing the IFRS knowledge and all. It's just basic, understand how to prepare a simple financial statement. So it's not the very technical accounting knowledge. Of course, depreciation is one thing you need to know how to do well. Taxation is another bit you need to know how to do well. You need to understand your CVP now. Which is cost like your variable cost and then your profit. So the fixed cost is more like operating leverage. Exactly. You need to understand those very tiny concepts that really would not be tested in SSE. So it's just basic. Then for Excel, you need to learn how to use Excel. I learnt, I thought I knew how to use Excel until I came to the wrong consulting. So I learnt a lot. I improved my proficiency in Excel when I came around. So certification makes you better in Excel. Yes. Accounting not really, but you need accounting knowledge. Yes, you do. You need to know how to build a model, which is extremely important. Which is very important. So you build a model which means you can answer strategic questions from your bosses and stuff. And then you can make money for yourself too. That's very true. So you can build models for deals, some other people that have a business plan. I have one already on ground now and they are knocking. Yeah, please help me with the model.


Hello my friends. I am excited because today is a bonus video for you. I'm doing this extra video so that I can share with you something that I'm super excited about and that is the brand new Nira Pro Laser Home Treatment for Wrinkles and Building Collagen and we're going to get into all of that good stuff. First of all I want to say thank you to Nira for sponsoring this video because I have done very few sponsored videos. That's because there's not a lot of products out there that I feel very very passionate about but I have done a couple and so this is really special to me because I have used the Nira Precision for a very long time. This is the one that I got four years ago when they came out with it and this one has the very small head right there that you use. Now I used this for about a year straight and I got phenomenal results but I'll tell you that I did slack off and I especially slacked off while I was going through after my my dad passed away and I had two back-to-back surgeries so it was a year and a half of not using this and boy did I see a difference in the wrinkles coming back and not having that plumped up skin that you can get from this. The Nira Precision was designed to go around the eyes and around the mouth. I also used it on these nasal labial folds right here and I tried to use it on my neck but it took a lot of time because my neck bands are very pronounced and it's hard you know I'd have to use a mirror and really you know make sure I was doing everything just perfectly. I love this I absolutely love this but they came out with the pro and let me just show you this is how it comes to you in the box you have your guide right there your user guide and then you have the actual device right here which also comes with a charging cable. Now the difference you're going to be able to see immediately in the head right there. Now what's going to happen and what's so cool about this is that it's going to be able to do a lot bigger area a lot quicker and for me around the neck and certain spots my age spots even my forehead I can't wait to use this because I already know that the technology that's in here is the same that they use at the spas when you go and you get a laser treatment. Now these treatments are non-invasive and painless. They shoot that laser down into the dermis and it doesn't take very long to use. Now I can do the precision around my eyes and around my mouth in about three minutes a day and I've really stepped that up again. You can use these twice a day if you want to see faster results you're going to see really good results in about 90 days. The other thing that I did notice when I started using the precision is where I wanted it to it would also help with my dark spots and I love that about it. Now let me show you the differences in the two. On the precision you can see that it has two buttons right here. Well the pro only has one button. I'll show you why. When you turn on the precision what happens is you get and this is going to be a little bit harder for you to see. What happens is you get bars right here and it has five different bars and you can decide how high you want those bars to go. I usually keep my between a three and a four. Around my mouth I do find that it's a little bit more tender and so I do a three on around my mouth and then a four around my eyes and it's so easy to use. I mean this is super duper easy to use. When you first get it you're going to charge it up and it takes about three hours to charge it up and then you just put it on the skin and you're going to hear a series of two beeps. So I'm going to press this button right here which is going to activate the laser. Remember this is on the precision. It's going to activate the laser and then when it's done it's going to beep at you again. So let's listen. So the second one is when it says I'm done and then you just move on to the next spot. So you're listening for those two different sounds. Now what you also want to keep in mind is if it's not making good contact with the skin it's going to let you know. Now I'm going to just do it without touching the skin and it will let me know. That's the sound each time when you're not making good contact. Now sometimes when I'm going around my orbital bone right here I do find that I won't make as good contact as I need to. However you don't want to go back and use it one more time on there. You just want to go past that area even though it didn't make the perfect contact because you might get that overdone on your skin just on that place. Now let's talk about the differences and why I'm so so excited about the Pro. First of all you can see that the Pro doesn't have an extra button up here does it? And then it just has the button down here to activate it or turn it on. It still has the same charging port right there. Very easy to charge. I think they still have a really great benefit both of them but this is a little bit easier to use and I'll show you what I mean. I have a dark spot right here which I'm going to be working on a lot during this process. So I'm going to be doing another video in November to show you a 90-day progression but for now let's just take a look at that spot right there and this is what's going to happen. You don't have to press any buttons. You don't have to worry about this is working with your with the contact of your skin. So I'm going to put that on top of there. It beeped twice. Now it does seem that since this is a bigger area it does take a little bit longer. So with the Nira that you use for the precision I'm going to let you hear that one again so you can hear how quick it goes. That's pretty quick but with the Nira Pro with the bigger head here it goes to contact the skin. That's quite a lag in between the two beeps but you do want to wait for that second beep because here's what's going to happen if you don't leave it on long enough to hear that second beep. Here we go. So it gave you that warning sound again meaning that you didn't make contact long enough or the right contact. There's that second beep so we did that one good. So I really can't wait to show you the results of using the Pro. I'm also going to take some pictures of the precision and I'm going to do the 90 days with that too. So we're going to see some great before and after pictures some pictures of dark spots wrinkles different places that I feel like I really need help. One of the things I want to tell you is that you never want to do this with makeup on or creams or anything. So you're going to wash your face and pat it dry and wait for it to be completely dry because you don't want to have any moisture on your face at all. The laser works best when your face is completely dry.  Nira is having their fourth anniversary sale. Like I said I got the original four years ago but they're having their fourth anniversary sale. It starts on August 16th and it runs through the 21st I believe. If that's wrong I'll put it right down here in the in a caption right here at the bottom of the screen. Now what's really great is that the whole entire website of theirs is on sale. But the precision and their hyaluronic acid serum you will be able to get if you just go on to their site and do that. The hyaluronic acid serum I apologize that I haven't used this but lots of people love this. I had a little bit of a reaction to hyaluronic acid not very long ago so I wasn't able to use this but I know that a lot of people love it. Do your research get on their website and see what people are saying about it. It will be 20% off as well. The precision is 20% off but the new pro is only 20% off for the friends and partners of Nira which is so cool because we're able to get you excited and then we're also able to offer you a discount. Normally during this sale they wouldn't offer this on a get it discount at all but they're doing it for their partners which is really exciting. So down in the description box and in the first pinned comment of this video I'm going to have all of the links where you can go and you can get the new one and you can get the precision. You can get bundles. Use the code Mrs. Melissa that is my personal code and you'll be able to get the 20% off of the new one as well. The new pro as well. I'm so excited that they did this for their partners and I'm super excited that I was included in that. Now if you don't know and if you haven't heard about this before the Nira has the same technology as if you were to go to a spa and get one treatment. I did call my local spa where I get treatments at not the laser but I get other treatments at and I found out that their facial laser treatment one treatment is $600. Now that's one treatment in a month. That's it. If you they really encourage you to have three treatments that would be $1,800 the Nira pro is the cost of one of those treatments and you get to do it at home and you get to do it continually. You don't have to go in and have it done over and over and over again. It does have a one-year warranty on it so you can take advantage of that as well. I'm so happy to be introducing this to you if you can't tell. I hope that you did enjoy this video. Please let me know if you have any questions down in the comment section and I will be happy to answer those. I can't wait to show you my before and afters in November so watch for that. I know that seems like a long ways away but it's really not. Watch for that and I'll catch you guys all in my next video. Love you bunches. Bye-bye.


Hey, but I am super excited to attend KubeCon this year and this will be my second time as an attendee and as a speaker. I am excited to attend this talk called How to Cultivate Belonging in Your Open Source Community by Jennifer. So I think this talk will involve how we can bring more inclusion, belonging, diversity, equity in the OSS world, which I am super excited to learn and implement in our communities. My talk is about how you can improve your technical writing skills and apply it to learn more and contribute to CNCF. It is called be the main character, the technical writing way of CNCF and it will be on 18th of April around 1735 CEST. So please do attend and super excited to see you all in KubeCon.


My name is John O'Connor, I'm the Director of African Operations for IOHK. I've been working on the Cardano project since before it launched. I previously had roles at the Foundation, I just had a strategy and running communications there as well. I've shifted over to the Africa side, IOHK, because I think this is the really exciting stuff and this is the stuff I'm really passionate about. My mother's Ethiopian and my father's Irish, so I've had this, you know, great background which has given me an interest in Africa and in development here. So yeah, so what have I been doing? So I came to Ethiopia two months ago with a mandate to discover whether or not this would be a good location for us to train and hire Haskell developers. This is a course that we run in Athens and Barbados, very successfully. We've hired 70% of the people who've come out of that course. An idea was that this was a model which we could try here in Ethiopia. Over the course of exploring this option, I realized that there was much more potential than just hiring and training Haskell developers. I realized that there was real potential here to deploy Cardano's technology in a variety of industries. So I began to engage in conversations with the government and with ministries over exploring where and which areas Cardano might be useful in. The conference which I organized yesterday was really a summary of that work and the culmination of that work. In the MOU which we signed, we've agreed to train and hire Haskell developers out of the model in Barbados and Athens, but also we've agreed to work proactively with the government to explore implementing blockchain in a number of areas. So coffee is a big one. We've also discussed a biodiversity project and I'm also in discussions over a number of other areas with both this ministry and some other actors within the government. So really what we achieved yesterday was buy-in and validation of the work that IOHK and Cardano has done up till now. I can't tell you how excited we all were at the signing because it's been a few years of hard work to get here and at the point when you've got governments buying in and signing off on the work that you've done, I think you're in a pretty special place. What I'd say is it's not just Egypt yet. The role is obviously pan-African and I've been having a number of high-level conversations with ministries across Africa and starting the conversations and explaining the technology, talking about what we can do for these countries. I think that the feedback has been uniformly positive. We're flying to Rwanda on Sunday to explore some other opportunities over land registries and building a blockchain, Cardano enterprise-based land registry system for Rwanda. And yeah, we're excited about that project. But the key thing I probably emphasise is how fantastic the community and individuals have been in enabling all this to happen. I've had so many key individuals getting in contact with me to help me start these relationships with key decision-makers, help inform us about what the real problems are for each specific country because without that we can't get anywhere. We are subject matter experts on building blockchains and on engineering and technology, but we can't work alone. When we operate in a country, we need to have local partners who have expert knowledge. We need to engage with the community. And yeah, I think that the last two days have been validation of all of that. So yeah, I'm incredibly excited.