Live from San Francisco, it's theCUBE.  Hi, welcome back to theCUBE. We are live in San Francisco at the AWS Summit. We've had a great day so far. I'm Lisa Martin with Jeff Brick and we're really excited to be joined next by ThingLogix, Carl Kruppitzer from ThingLogix. Welcome to theCUBE. Tell us all about ThingLogix, what do you guys do and how do you work with AWS? Sure, so we're an IoT platform and solutions company. So we've actually helped customers design, develop and deploy and bring to market IoT solutions and connected products. How long have you been, and tell us a little bit about your history. There's an Amazon tie-in that kind of pre-dates ThingLogix, tell us a little bit of insight about that. So we were actually the services and solutions group inside of a company called Telemetry and that was eventually purchased by Amazon and became the AWS IoT platform. So our DNA of our company goes back to the very beginnings of what is now the AWS IoT service. Excellent, and so you were founded in 2014? 2014, we spun out from Telemetry and we did so because we were working with a few big customers that really, we saw an opportunity to help companies really kind of figure out what to do with IoT and accelerate their adoption of IoT inside of the enterprise. So there's a consulting arm as well as a technology. Right, right, so we have our professional services and our advisory services group that works with customers really to get them through the idea phase and then we offer a technology platform that is ThingLogix Foundry that really is a platform that sits on top of all the underlying AWS serverless compute resources. So IoT's a big space, GE's in it, everybody's in it, you're a little company. So what's interesting is both from an entrepreneurial point of view, as well as just punching above your weight, how does working kind of in the AWS ecosystem, both as for your own infrastructure but also as for go to market and partnership, enabling you guys to really do punch above your weight? Yeah, you know, it's a big challenge when you start getting into a partner ecosystem like AWS. What, the thing that sets us apart really is that we are very much a pure play serverless computing company. From the ground up, we've built our own infrastructure that way, we built our own platform that way. And it allows us to be a lot more agile and creative with our customers. It allows us to move much faster and more cost effectively than a lot of other system integrators.  So that's a pretty unique opportunity. Right, yeah, so us partnering with some of the bigger systems integrators is pretty standard practice for us because we can come in and we can work with the business on really prototyping and innovating quickly. Getting the rapid application development side of things done and then transition that over to the more managed services oriented firms to take on as a sport. And can you imagine trying to do what you're doing without a big infrastructure provider or a big marketplace partner? No, no, it would be nearly impossible. Just to, IOT is a fast moving technology trend. I mean it's been around for a while in the M to M space. Typically it's been controlled by the engineering side of the house. What we're seeing now is that it's migrating more over to the product management and marketing folks. So they're expecting the same agility that you get with platforms like Salesforce, platforms like Workday. They want that same thing in their product development life cycle. So we've been able to help customers take projects from concept and prototype through to actually in stores in the market in about nine to nine weeks, nine to 12 weeks. So I was just thinking, as you guys were chatting about what the consulting services are like. Give us an example of a typical customer. You kind of just did where they, are you talking to retailers that have AOT products to sell? You mentioned kind of more of a buying center maybe within products and marketing. And so I was just wondering kind of, what is that typical customer like and what sort of questions have they come to you with? Is it more of an idea that we need to get to market? Or is it more of a, we have all of these devices at the edge that we need to... So it's a combination, right? I mean, we deal a lot with consumer product companies that are trying to enable or connect an existing product or an existing line of products. And they're doing so not for the engineering purposes, but more to get a better customer experience and a more timely customer experience, right? Being able to connect with their customers in new and different ways. We're also seeing quite a bit of migration from legacy systems like Xata or in-house solutions to the AWS cloud. Really this idea of cloud first architecture has taken root in the enterprise and it's been happening over the last 10 years. And I think it's really starting to pay off because companies are looking for a reason not to go to the cloud versus a reason to go to the cloud. And IOT with the AWS platform and the serverless compute resources, really it takes away all those reasons why you would... Ladies and gentlemen, don't forget to stop. We'll pause for a... The big voice from above, right? Pause for an announcement. Get a t-shirt. Get a t-shirt. Oh, a t-shirt. Get a t-shirt. I don't want to miss out on that. So just wanted to ask you, give us some ideas of how customers are using the services. I was looking at your webpage all up and it back up and as a pool owner I thought, oh pool energy, I think I need that. Give us an idea of a company like that. Was this an idea that has really been enabled by what you provide? Sure, so we've seen companies really try to evolve some of their products, some of their commodity products into more of a smart service, right? When AWS IoT launched, we led with a company called Sealed Air and they were actually investigating, they make commodity chemicals and cleaning equipment and things like that and they were looking for new and different ways to really add value to their products. So we came out, helped them prototype and come out with a connected hand soap dispenser which seemed kind of silly at the time but when you start looking at the secondary uses of the data, it allowed them to really start to hone in on hand sanitation compliance and really kind of start to wrap a reduction of foodborne illness around this one connected device. And as we started to extend that, we started to get into auto replenishment, we started to get into consumption billing so they can actually, companies can now take a piece of equipment, put it out to a customer with less capital investment and charge per hour of use or per thing that happens on that machine, right? So we're seeing a lot of evolution of business models, people trying to do different things and it comes down usually to make money or save money, right? And companies that want to make money are going down a path of really that enhanced customer experience. Companies that want to save money are really looking for efficiencies in field service and warranty claims and in waste reduction. Right. I'm curious though on kind of the secondary value of the data. Was that something they kind of thought about ahead of time that maybe we'll be able to get or was it something that kind of came along? Because clearly auto replenishment, right, that's easy and billing by consumption okay, that's not brain surgery, but it's the secondary stuff that really becomes the essence of digitizing your business. And I think the hand sanitizer is a really interesting example because who would ever think there's a digital play beyond the obvious in hand sanitizer? Right, right. And what it allows them to do is focus in on behaviors of people that you could never measure otherwise, right? It would be very difficult to sit in a deli all day long and watch whether or not every employee washes their hands the correct amount of time. But we can really easily take a look across an entire supermarket chain and pick out who the outliers are and then focus the efforts on training those individuals and really enhancing the compliance of that. Because what is it, pick up their ID tag when they're in proximity to the hand sanitizer? Well, so there are a lot of privacy concerns that we do so we more take a look at the aggregate of the data and just say that one is completely out of ban from the others. Right, right. That's great. That's amazing, you again wouldn't really think of that to your point that does really kind of underscore just one of the important elements that businesses need to consider when digitizing it's new business opportunities, new revenue streams, cost optimization. And that is a really kind of a, maybe it's not a unique example of the hand sanitizer example of the other elements in which that business was able to get into by having this secondary look or maybe a completely different look at the data. Yeah, and it's, you know, as IOT really starts to serve those other masters besides the engineering and R&D folks, the marketing people are asking completely different questions than the technology people have been asking, which is why we're being pressured to move so quickly because as the creativity starts to enter into this technology trend, they're expecting results immediately versus having to wait nine months and spend millions of dollars. It was interesting in Andy's fireside chat, buzzword bingo, he said the buzzword that's delivering on its promise the fastest in his opinion was IOT. I was totally caught by surprise of all the different things. I would never have guessed that he would pick IOT but you're right at the leading edge of this stuff and it's moving faster than probably, you know, people give it credit for. The tough part about IOT is it's so huge, right? There's so many different flavors of it. GE has the industrial IOT that they're chasing after, you know, the consumer products tends to be, you know, right now it's a trend to connect everything from toothbrushes to whatever, right? But the idea being that, you know, having this connected product can either enable new customer experiences, drive new business models, or help drive efficiencies in an organization is really the fulfillment of that promise. All right. From a cultural perspective, I'm just curious, you're small right now. One of the things, too, that Andy talked about that I thought was interesting was he was starting to talk about the culture of AWS. One of the things that they've been very vocal about is they're very customer-centric. They rarely talk about competition. How is that being a partner and being in the marketplace with one of the announcements today that's making it even simpler? Do you feel that as a partner with them that being in this marketplace, does their culture kind of permeate through that and help you open doors, like we talked about in Manega, with other partners? Oh, they're fantastic. It's a great partner program just because they're super collaborative with even small partners like us. I mean, you know, we had maybe a little bit different experience coming into Amazon because we came with a little bit of knowledge of what they were already dealing with. But, you know, they've been really responsive and helpful and being in the marketplace is going to change the game for us because it offloads a lot of the things that we don't want to do is we make the move more toward providing a platform as a service. They'll take over the billing and the distribution and the management of the end customer more so than a small company like us would be able to do. So I think it enables a small company to get a greater reach than it would for normal, right, normally distributed. Excellent. Well, Carl, thank you so much for joining us on theCUBE today and sharing with our audience a little bit about ThingLogic's we wish you continued success. Thank you. And connecting more and more and more devices globally. Thank you. For my co-host, Jeff Rick, I'm Lisa Martin. You've been watching us live on theCUBE at AWS Summit, San Francisco. Stick around, we'll be right back.


Bonjour tout le monde, mon nom est Fulbert Baudouin. Nous avons vu les conséquences basées sur la compétition et pour contrôle et maintenant nous pouvons bouger à la présentation des symboles hautes et les lignes pour les connections d'équipement. Let's take a look at this figure again. Nous avons vu dans les parties précédentes que un level transmitter LT, L4 Level & T4 Transmitter Measures the level in the tank and transmits the signal associated with the level reading to a controller LIC with a display to indicate some data, I for indicator and C for controller. The controller compares this measurement with the desired value at which the controller variable should be maintained, the desired value or set point, and adjusts the manipulated variable which has a direct effect on the controller variable. The manipulated variable is, in this case, the flow rates with the control valve LV at the output of the tank, LV for valve in order to adjust the flow for level control. In these PNID diagrams, alarms are used to alert operator to series and potentially hazardous deviation in process conditions. Some question remains unanswered, like why LT and LV are surrounded by a circle, or why the controller is a square with a circle inside it? Where are these devices localized and what kind of controller is being used here? How are the PACs of equipment connected together? Which kind of signal transit inside? This third part aims to answer these questions. We are going to explain the various symbols and tag information to indicate the function of this device to show where the various devices are localized and how they are connected to one another. The what and where aspect can be determined from the symbol shape. The white part comes from text placed inside the symbol that is made up of two parts. This forms the tag number, C part 2 for further explanations. The symbol shapes are largely based on the accepted ISA 5.1 standard. This table shows the various symbols used to define the device and to locate it. Relative location is indicated via the presence of centered horizontal line or lack thereof, a dual centered horizontal line or a dashed centered horizontal line placed inside this symbol. The where part of a symbol is provided by the four columns of the various shapes, circle, square, square with circle, etc. Let's refer to the row D in this table. A circle symbol is quite simply an individual physical instrument or device in the field or on a panel. It doesn't matter if it is a level transmitter, a flowmeter, a pressure gauge or some other type of indicator. If it is a physical device that measure or display something, it will be illustrated by the use of the circle on a P and ID. Notice also how the tag number LT101 is placed inside this symbol. The common practice is to place the device function abbreviation on the top line with the loop number at the bottom. The next row in this table shows a hexagon. It means the computer is used for the process control. Have a look at row B on the table. A diamond within a square is used to define function within the programmable logic controller, a PLC. A programmable logic controller is an industrial computer control system that continuously monitors the state of input devices and makes decisions based on a custom program to control the state of output devices. This slide describes the main component of a PLC in more detail. The central processing unit, CPU, serves as a brand of the PLC. It is a 16 or 32-bit microprocessor consisting of a memory chip and integrated circuits for control logic, monitoring and communicating. The CPU directs the PLC to execute control instructions, communicate with other devices, carry out logic and arithmetic operations and perform internal diagnostics. The CPU runs memory routines, constantly checking the PLC to avoid programming errors and ensure the memory is undamaged. Memory provides permanent storage to the operating system for data used by the CPU. The system read only memory, ROM, stores data apparently for the operating system random access memory, ROM. It stores status information for input and output devices along with value for timer, counters and internal devices. PLC require a programming device, either a computer or console to upload data on to the CPU. PLC reads signals from different sensors and input devices. These input devices can be keyboards, switches or sensors. Input can either be in digital or analog form. Robots and visual systems are intelligent devices that can send signals to PLC input models. Output devices, such as motors or solenoid valves, complete the automated system. Now let's look at row A on the table, the ones that show a circle inside a square. This kind of symbol represents devices or functions that are part of a shared display and share control system, a distributed control system, DCS. A DCS combine one or more PLC with a human-machine interface. A distributed control system is a specially designed control system used to control complexe, large and geographically distributed applications in industrial processes for the chemical process industry. Avec these, controllers are distributed throughout the entire plant area. Controllers are distributed geographically in various sections of the control area. They are connected to operating and engineering stations which are used for data monitoring, data logging, alarming and controlling purposes via another high-speed communication bus. For instance, these symbols are used to represent a graphic on a computer screen or control panel that you can see and possibly interface via touch pad or mouse. It might be used to show the leveling tank or represent a hand switch that you can click on with the mouse to start a pump. The point is, if you can't see it on a control screen, it will be represented as a circle inside a square on a PNID. Now, we are going to focus on the various lines of this table. There are five lines. Concerning the first line, line number one, all shapes symbols have no horizontal or Dutch line inside. That means devices are located somewhere in the field, probably close to the general area shown on the PNID. Concerning the second line, all shapes symbols have a single horizontal line. That means devices are located on a main control panel near the control room or some computer screen in the main control room. The lines used have to be lighter than the associated process piping. Concerning the third line, all shapes symbols have a single Dutch horizontal line. When you see such a symbol that simply means that you can't normally see it or work with that device in the field, it might be installed behind or inside a panel so that is normally not in view, inaccessible to the operator. For instance, a circle with a Dutch line in the middle means it is an instrument or device that you can't normally see or get to. If you are an operator, it is probably something you do not need to get to, but it might still be vitally important to the plant control system. That is why we show it this way on a PNID. In a similar fashion, a graphic display symbols with a Dutch line in the middle simply means that this portion of the control system is password protected. Attentively, it could mean that it is hidden from normal view on a screen or operating panel so you can't get to it unless you know the secret access code. On the fourth and fifth line on this table, all shapes symbols have a double horizontal line or double Dutch horizontal line. On the wall, these kinds of symbols are infractedly used. A double line means the same things as a single line but devices are in this case located on the secondary control panel and not on the main control panel. The same goes for a double Dutch line. You will notice with these kinds of symbols, no specific location information is provided only that the device or graphic is associated with a relative general location. In many cases, it is not hard to figure out where something is, just from where the symbol is on the drawing but there are limits to what this symbol can convey. Now, we are going to explain the different line symbols that connect devices and equipment. The key line types are highlighted in the figure. By far, the most common line type is a solid line which is used to represent a pipe. Other common line types that you should be able to identify are first electrical signals, second instrument air to control valves or devices, and third software or data link which includes virtual communication such as what occurs inside a computer program or PLC leader logic. The software can include anything that happens inside a computer but you need a functional description to actually know what that is. Just note that when you see a software lines, it means computers are at work, linking the devices in some meaningful way that relates to the system controls. In this part, we have explained the different shape convention for the ISHA 5.1 standard in order to specify the location and the role of each device. You are now able to explain and understand every control loop shown in the P&ID diagrams. For each control loop, you know how to define the controller use and its locations, the values sensor put on the chemical processes, the values alarm in place, the different kinds of transits signals. The example shown at the beginning of this part can be analyzed again in detail. The shape surrounding the controller, LIC, the circle inside your square, shows that this controller is part of the shared displays like a distributed control system or just a control panel that you can see. The single horizontal line inside the shape indicates that it is probably located on the main control panel near the control room normally accessible to the operator. LT and LV are surrounded by a circle. As explained previously, the circle symbol is quite simply any physical instrument or device in the field or on a panel. In this case, it means a sensor transmitter for the level LT and a control valve at the output of the tank, LV. Concerning the different connections between devices, the solid line indicates that the sensor and valve are connected directly in the process. The Dutch line between the controller LIC and the valve indicates that the controller transmits an electrical signal to the valve. Perhaps in this case, the valve is an electric valve. The electrical signal is in general 4 to 20 mA current loop. In the same way, an electrical signal is used to link the transmitter with the controller. So, we are half way through this unit and the next part will cover final control system symbol and the different kinds of valves.


Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back to the video. I'm gonna be honest. I don't have an alley a clickbait title for you I don't have a challenge. We're gonna go for as many wins as we can get in squads here playing on season 5 And we got the good team back together Tarn and chase our beasts.  Hey, it's ninja guys. He's a streamer. Oh, oh shots on from South straight south straight south got a guy shelling me and there's still a dude far and wait Oh, I hit him a few times. I hit him on my hunting rifle. He's so low. He's literally probably one hell Okay, he's man, including he's running southwest. He just jumped out of it. Oh, I think there's two Oh, I got one on me.  I hit him with a 96. He's dead. Yeah, there you go. See you up. I Took a lot of damage from that to be on your old. Oh, yeah. Yeah. I see that Let's let's do some intervening boys north north north. Yeah, I see him. I see him. Oh, they're launched at it Try and knock that launch pad down. Yup. Oh got the launch pad. There's so many people fighting I got a knock. Oh, you want me to stay with you time? Oh, you guys are coming. I'm same with time You're good. I knocked the kid here. I'm staying with you. Anyway, I'm a beast Oh Guy coming on storm right now coming on storm right now right on me. Yep, to do that one. Oh My god, where'd I just get hit from they're really far I got shot from an AR from like maybe a hundred meters away at least. Oh my god This is a game. What a first game. You said about the oh I think the rest of squads up in this mountain I see buildings up to this mountain here at Northwest. Oh, I see guy running straight into there's a guy running in. Oh That was so oh We both we both would hit him I hit him for an 86. He is cheeks. I'm coming to you chase. He's dead.  Actually, yeah, okay, that's good They're up on the hills. Oh, I'm peeking one hard hit him. I hit him with the honey rifle. Let's go All right, the carbide. I think it was a carbide is low Peekin on top. Oh, he's in the bottom in the bottom. I want to help. I want to help. Oh When did you make your name Moshe Moshe, man, bro That was in fifth grade when we would do motion call outs for football And whenever whenever the halfback we go in motion I go mushy mushy The cake is a lie. It's it's really it feels really nice to actually finally be pretty good at this game Where oh they're under you chase nice job is that two of them or is that instant? I've not I've not to so far one over here guy. I hear right under me. He's right here. They're here. I Just shot him. He's under this building here. Oh right here Right and then there's one more over here. I think it was at the same. I might be the same guy. We just killed Oh, I'm so confused for you, man. Oh Thank God, I love you. Oh, I see him. I see him. I Think he's looking at you guys. Oh, he doesn't see me. He didn't see you either chase.  Oh, I hit two. Oh, he's low. This one's white. I'll shoot him on this guy Let's rush this one. He's got no one. Yeah, the one right over this side of the hill. Oh, he just grabbed a slurp. I Think he's taking a slurp in there careful. Oh one coming up on my right. I got a guy on me. I Got you. Oh you knocked him. Good job I'm bouncing down a turn. No, there's one right here. He's so shredded Purple bolt anybody long. Oh, no, there's a dude right here on me I'm about to go. Oh my god. Let's go dude. I did not see that dude. Oh, I got four speck in me It's gonna cool kill boys. I'm so glad I got kills there at the end how I would look like such a bomb That's all I care about Let's go.  Oh, there's a guided missile down here, bro. What I mean only the back of the game He's oh, he's up on some stuff over here. Oh, he's looking at me.  Oh I got him with the detach. I'm gonna get this voice. Oh I see him. Here we go. Papa Meeks.     Wait, just a second right now wait. Just a hot second. Good luck chase. Oh my god.    It just started and get me Dude, I'm learning colliding with people as I'm gliding down turn. I'm laying in blue house with you So his nugs looks like it's a scrap for the weapon. I got a shoddy. We're good. Yep Oh to on me to on me.  There's a lot of guys here Whoa, what I just oh, there's a dude on me. I Hit him hard. Oh There's a guy behind me. I'm about to get BM.  I'm down here with eight health seven someone jump on me revive Oh, I love you Shit chase your beast. Oh, there's there's people here. There's people here. There's a dude on me. Hey, he's cheeks I'm just gonna push one. Oh My god, I'm so bad. What is wrong with me? I'm so bad. I missed an obscene amount of plain-blank shots. It should be illegal.  They're taking the rip. They ripped it one is spec. I so low The guy who hit that rift last is Hey, I see a guy right at the 195 South over at the little factories over there. Oh behind you. I got this guy. Just look yeah No, I'm not. Oh hit it with the hand cannon. Yeah, I hit him a few times.  He's dead. He's dead. Okay. Yeah, I just got in a limb too. Oh, should I run up there? Um, we're split up pretty far now, so there's no 50-ship and I took a lot of it That's okay.  That was totally worth it. Yeah major meat gang Have you ever heard that one? That's the MMG major me. Yeah, I like that Usually they call me mate. They call me major Minecraft gamer That's the that's the most common one back to back to back to back dogs Hopefully the back to back to back and massive garondola if you're feeling it Oh, I see your dark voyager dark voyager chopping tree, and I shanked it Ladies and gentlemen, I shanked it far left game over down to always right here. He's on me Skate good hit good hit pop of me. Good hit pop of me dude. I shelled this guy.   I earned that Dude, I think they're in the woods somewhere dude.   Yeah, I'm gonna go. Oh guy on me hard. Oh Boxing out I know we were talking you're like man, I just love little children's money Never Say that I sure love their love and affection now.  Oh There's two guys in here.  He's taking a piss. Don't don't go in there.   Oh My god Joe duck, okay Horn him out. Got one on me. Oh One thing you should have a dog that shitless man. We just flyer. Good work. I just ripped up this guy's head I got him. Oh, I just got don't be I hit one hard though I'm either one's on the ground coming up behind they're both on the ground to lifeguards coming up behind.  Oh, that's scary. All right.  All right guys, that is gonna be it for today's episode. We absolutely killed it today Actually, we did super good back to back to back and right before that. I got a flag supposed to play too So that's it for today. Thanks for watching as always. Let me know what else you guys want to see. Peace out


I'm not trying to establish Christianity as the national religion or something that's not what this is about at all.    You know as somebody who was indoctrinated into fundamentalist Christianity myself at a very young age I've experienced nothing but hate and vitriol from American evangelicals but it is so nice to know that we have a speaker who is one of the good Christians not one of the hate mongers not one of the individuals who spread hate really happy about that. Now I'm also very thankful that he cleared up the confusion around him possibly wanting a Christian theocracy because as an atheist that's also something that I was a little bit worried about too specifically after he suggested a religious litmus test for politicians as raw story explains in one 2019 video Kelly Johnson this is his wife reportedly told seminar participants that biblical Christianity or a literal interpretation of the bible including the belief that the earth is just 6,000 years old was the only valid worldview you better sit down any candidate who says they're going to run for legislature and say I want to know what your worldview is I want to know what you think about the Christian heritage of this country I want to know what you think about God's design for society have you even thought about that if they hadn't thought about it you need to move on and find somebody who has Mike Johnson reportedly said in 2019 see that right there gave me pause but hearing him say that he definitely doesn't want to establish Christianity as the national religion makes me feel so much better we can all breathe easier now knowing that um it's not what it seems it's it's not a duck even though it's quacking now sarcasm aside the new speaker of the house obviously is an absolute fucking lunatic and in that interview he was responding to critics concerned about his hateful past and present but it was framed as an attack on his religion when in actuality um there are reasons why critics have been as fierce as they have been but regardless here's some more from that interview you know I want to highlight and and this is truly outrageous some of these things that have been said but I'm just very curious about to your point a faith that is based on love that is Jesus Christ that was what he lived for can be characterized in such a way the daily beast called you a Christo fascist that is the first I've ever heard that term yeah they said you're the most extreme example of a dangerously empowered religious fanatic but here's the line that really stood out to me they go on to say that your desire to institutionalize your faith is the way of the Taliban and the molas in Iran and then Bill Maher who we know is not a similar worldview as ours he went so far as to bring up the main shooter and he said we don't know much about the guy yet but apparently he heard voices and I thought is he different than Mike Johnson I mean degree yes but it's thinner than you think how what is it like to be compared to the moles of Iran the Taliban and the main shooter it's just disgusting I mean that is absurd of course our religion is based on love and acceptance so to compare that worldview with the Taliban who seek to destroy their enemies or with you know some deranged shooter who murders people is absolutely outrageous and I think everyone who follows and believes in a Judeo-Christian worldview should be just terribly offended by that I'm okay I'll take the arrows understand it comes with leadership and when you step into the fray that's what you take him but but what what really hurts me is that it really is a statement about everyone who believes in this that the country was built upon our Judeo-Christian foundation is the heritage of our country no it's not and to be clear I don't think anyone is saying that they have a problem with him being Christian the problem arises when people like him try to use their power to institutionalize their religion right we have the separation of church and state to the chagrin of Christians who don't want to acknowledge that but it is in the constitution look it up and they just pretend like that doesn't exist and then they try to use their religion as a justification to pass certain policies as a justification to be bigoted against LGBTQ plus people and the problem is that's what he's doing that's why people are criticizing him and calling him a Christ of fascist the problem is him using his religion as a driving force behind policy decisions of major consequence case in point as a as a as a Christian I know and we believe that the Bible teaches very clearly that we're to stand with Israel that God will bless the nation that blesses Israel that we're to take peace of Jerusalem exactly and therein lies the problem he is basing policy at least in part on religiosity and as someone raised in the church I promise you evangelical support for Israel is deeply problematic to put it mildly jack been explains the basis of the Israeli evangelical relationship and so too evangelical support for using Israelis to dispossess Palestinians is a belief that God gave Palestine to the Jews and so Jews should be in Palestine so far so simple but the yikes moment of the Israeli evangelical love is that the Jews being in Palestine is seen as a precondition for an Armageddon to rain down on earth exterminating Jews and other non-converts to evangelism while bringing the return of Christ in the apocalyptic second coming found in revelation the final book of the Bible to understand that when evangelical basis their support of Israel on religiosity it is a means to an end and they are implicitly acknowledging that all Jewish people and non-Christians will either be converted or killed in the Armageddon which is something that they want to happen as soon as possible but it's impossible for him to be hateful he's a Christian yeah so when he offers 14 billion dollars an hour tax dollars in aid to Israel for their genocide against Palestinians it's not just because he's beholden to the Israeli lobby it's not just because he doesn't care about the suffering of innocent Palestinians it's because Israel is laying the groundwork for Jesus's return according to him now as more troubling revelations about him and his wife continue to emerge they're both going out of their way to hide the most alarming aspects of their Christo fascism for example his wife Kelly Johnson nuked her counseling website where she compared homosexuality to bestiality and incest and on top of that as LGBTQ nation explains Johnson also removed 69 episodes nice of his and his wife's podcast truth be told with Mike and Kelly Johnson from his website the pair dedicated June of 2023 to praising anti-transgender activist Matt Walsh who blamed the club Q mass shooting on men who cross-dressed in front of children and said that he called for several boycotts of brands selling rainbow products this year in order to make the concept of Pride toxic the Johnsons also got mad at Disney for forcing a radical woke agenda and openly satanic programming on children now just for clarification sake when an evangelical says satanic programming there's a very good chance that they're saying LGBTQ plus affirming programming for children so if there's like a rainbow flag in the background or if a cartoon features a child with two moms or two dads well that is tantamount to Satanism literally ask an evangelical they will tell you that so you know if he really believed that he hasn't said anything hateful the question is why delete so many episodes of their podcast what if we wanted to go back and listen to it I mean I for one have been a long time fan of truth be told with Mike and Kelly so I'm disappointed to know that they removed so many podcasts but the question is why not stand by your conviction especially if it's not hateful I mean it's a good question isn't it now when it comes to his history of bigotry which is undeniable he's playing dumb LGBTQ nation continues before he was elected to congress Johnson was senior legal counsel for alliance defending freedom an SPLC designated hate group in his position at ADL he filed briefs asking courts to allow states to criminalize homosexuality and argued against allowing same-sex couples to marry Johnson has previously said that same-sex marriage will lead to chaos and sexual anarchy and place our entire democratic system in jeopardy by eroding its foundation he claimed legalizing same-sex marriage would lead to pedophiles seeking legal protections for having sex with kids and people trying to marry their pets he has also said homosexual relationships are inherently unnatural ultimately harmful and costly for everyone he has sought to criminalize private gay sex between consenting adults called gay marriage the harbinger of chaos and said gay people should not be a protected class because they are capable of changing their abnormal lifestyles Johnson recently said that such extreme statements were so banal to him that he doesn't even remember them in other words after a comprehensive history of anti-gay advocacy he's pretending to not remember any of it okay well if you're having memory problems do you remember last year when you voted against the codification of same-sex marriage or your don't say gay legislation any of that ring a bell see the reason why this all seems banal to him is because he genuinely is deluded enough to think that he's not hateful when he advocates against civil rights for LGBTQ plus people this is the go-to tactic for evangelicals in one breath they'll argue against our civil rights but in another breath they'll qualify the previous statement with an ostensibly tolerant caveat for example in a 2004 column he wrote he warns quote experts project that homosexual marriage is the dark harbinger of chaos and sexual anarchy that could doom even the strongest republic but right after that he adds to be pro-traditional marriage and conscientiously opposed to all deviations from it is not to be anti-homosexual how tolerant of him as he wrote about how same-sex marriages would literally doom the republic he made sure to point out that he's definitely not anti-gay it's amazing isn't it you see you shouldn't have civil rights and you are definitely going to spend eternity in agonizing pain perpetually burning in the lake of fire and hell but jesus loves you and because jesus loves you i love you because we don't hate anyone we hate the sin not the sinner you know there really is no hate like christian love and what he said in 2004 which is not that long ago is really no different from the rhetoric that we heard from homophobes in the 1970s case in point well first of all i would love them and not disown them because they're my children and i would tell them that god loves them and that i love them very much and i would try to deal with that problem in the life that god does that he loves us as as sinners but he hates our sin and that he cannot abide by sin he cannot tolerate sin in our lives so loving she'd maybe lovingly enroll her gay child in counseling by kelly johnson to teach them that they're comparable to animal fuckers and try to get them to pray with a gear or something i mean after all of these years they're still saying the same bullshit nothing has changed and now all of the things that they said about gay people they're copying and pasting that and saying it about trans people but mike johnson can try to downplay or run away from his extremism but we all know where he stands he is a genuine danger to american democracy not just because of his theocratic views but because he is an insurrectionist supporting election denier who tried to overturn the 2020 election and if american democracy fails which is possible unfortunately it's not going to be because of gay people loving each other it'll be because of christofascist election denying lunatics like mike johnson trans rights are human rights it is necessary to push trans on the kids pride


Okay, so that's the outline, just to answer some short questions on the resource case and then the key outcomes of that and then I'll cover Zambia's experience and whether Zambia is out of the woods. Yeah, resource case, as my colleagues have said, really refers to countries with abandoned treasure resources and the tendency for these countries not to grow as fast as their potential. It's mainly concentrated in a country with a high concentration of minerals and fossil fuels. In a number of cases, the resource case happens to be positive in terms of contributing to development, but in most cases it's negative. Yeah, what are the key outcomes for resource case? The main thing, especially in the context of today's discussion is the living volatility. When a country depends so much on natural resources, their fiscal status is very volatile. In terms of plenty, they have higher resources. In terms of difficulty, the living collapses and if there are no alternatives in terms of other sectors to replenish what is being lost, you find that there is a tendency for countries to go into high levels of borrowing and debt financing. The other issue is governance and corruption. When you have a high concentration of resources in one sector, there is a tendency for rent seeking. A lot of countries are going into that problem. There is also the issue of Dutch disease where there is a higher precession of the exchange rate, which damages other sectors, especially in the high culture. And also the distorted prices fell and captured the flight. The other important aspect, especially for Zambia, is the excessive debt which resource case can impose. Revenues, resources act as collateral for loan pushing. A lot of financiers will come to you to say, look, we have got copper, you have got oil, you can borrow, there is nothing wrong, you are going to pay. But you know, the resource may not be guaranteed. And also when a country falls into this type of trap, the credit downgrades caused by defaults reduces access to new capital by countries. The other issue of course is wars and conflict, armed conflict over resources, fights over jurisdiction. And conflict may also affect other sectors and it can also affect food security as with conflict you cannot have a product or agriculture. Now these are the few points that I wanted to put up in terms of theory. Now let me come straight away to Zambia's experience. Zambia had a strong start. The resource case in the initial at least 10 years was very positive. People say Zambia was born with a copper spoon. Mining taxes and surpluses plus some donor support from the old bank and other baraterals caused a very strong economy in the first 10 years. This guaranteed the middle income status for most of the population. Zambia also supported a large import subsidy strategy in which they invested in a large network of prostitutes. They were famed for everything, which delivered bread and motor vehicles. But this didn't last as expected. The challenges started especially after mid-1925. The other issue with Zambia's case was that there was a high concentration of investment in a few sectors, mainly targeting the mines to the neglect of other sectors in terms of putting up infrastructure for our culture for example. There wasn't much investment in feedarods, downs for irrigation because most of the financing was going towards the mines. This also included capacity in terms of human capacity, a lot of training for the mines but very much for the other sectors. Of course that is what we have talked about. There was a high appreciation of the currency. The initial expansion of a very dependent import subsidy sector, which could not be sustained when the irrigation collapsed. The oil bombs also suppressed and distorted exports from our sectors but also there was this massive urbanization. A lot of people left the urban areas because of course the copper belt where the mining was, all the jobs were there and all the subsidized food was there so nobody was left to mine. My own parents moved from the rural area to the urban areas when they were very young and it was common for everybody to do that. The elephant in the room for Zambia of course is the excessive debt. After the first boom we had a global recession in the mid-70s when incomes fell sharply and there were little alternatives of income for the country. The country did not adjust, but applied debt out of borrowing and sustained spending. Zambia was lucky that in 2005 they received a heap of debt relief. But now the space which was created was quickly swallowed by new debt in the 20s and going forward. This was because of the expectations of high revenues with new investors in the mines. There were large projections of revenues and also the private sector lenders came in to say, look we can give you your bonds, you can pay, there is no problem. This was what led to the excessive debt. There were also some government issues, the mines were very powerful, they influenced the government decisions, strong lobbies by both firms and the mining unions were very strong. The environmental measures were not rigorously enforced. Zambia has a lot of problems with environmental degradation. Some of the companies from the West are still in court in terms of the damage to rivers and other things. So that was also a part of the resource case. Now in terms of what measures can be implemented to kind of subvert the resource case. In terms of macroeconomics you can adopt flexibation rates to avoid overrations of currencies. Manage the inflows of boom revenues by establishing sovereign funds which can be built up during the years of the boom and utilized during the lean periods. You can also increase domestic savings with incentives for domestic social mobilization but then also cut the deficit by the government. The final thing really here is that we should cut the debt using the three errors. Structure, reschedule and reuse. Yesterday when I was at the airport I thought of another one, reform. So there are now four errors. And then transition and investment. They need to tax extractive sectors adequately for the sake of the future generations because mining resources are not infinite. They come from N so when you are extracting there should be enough transition to save for future generations. So this is also a smoothing consumption. And you know they should increase investment in education so that completiveness of other sectors can grow, away from mining. On governance it's important to have a strong rule of law, strengthen anti-corruption measures, strengthen monitoring of human rights and also increase monitoring of all levels of government and civil service for security. It's also important to give populations in extractive areas voice and the power to defend themselves to say look if a mining project is good for them they say no. If it's not good for them they say no, they say yes. And then if it's not good for them they say no. So this is one of the measures. So is Zambia out of the woods yet? Well mining still dominates the economy. We put up a graph here to show how Kopa has performed. Kopa is really an index for mining in Zambia but there are other new mean rows which are also coming up being developed including manganese, nickel and recently we are having a gold rush in several parts of the country. But you see that mining still accounts for around 40% of total revenues for the country and it constitutes 80% of total exports and also the linkages to other sectors and violation continues to be low. There have been recent discoveries of gold and other mean rows and also the new investment is still targeting some areas in the northwest. We look at what has happened to agriculture in terms of this. The area macro sector reforms increased output and exports but of course debt relief was also quite useful in achieving that. Agriculture has expanded significantly in the last 10-15 years but the share of GDP has continued to decline mainly out of the growth of services mining and some manufacturing. There are also new mean rows which continue to deplete resources for agriculture and I mentioned gold already in that context and with the new mean rows actually, most of which are precious metals, there is a potential conflict for mining which is not regulated under legal mining operations. So to answer your question whether zamia is out of the woods, we can say progress has made, yes but zamia is not yet out of the woods. Thank you.


Geez, I mean you always grew up wearing shoes, but I think like watching him I wasn't really old enough to to really fully watch Mike, but I think my first Site of knowing who he was was the dunk contest and him jumping from the 3rd final I mean, but I said the 3rd point line from the free throw line, which is Unseen Right, right, right, right the oh here Mike, right? We don't we don't know we don't know young Mike This, you know, the greatest pair of touch of ball my first game ever playing in NBA was a Exhibition game and it was a good D-Wade when D-Wade and LeBron LeBron first got to Miami and That was it was in Kansas City, Missouri So it's kind of a little bit closer home to me was about four hours away from St. Louis So it was it was my first experience playing against him and it was like man, this is this is the real deal You know, this is like right after you won a championship, right when they're about to make their run again so it was It's definitely fun to be a part of and to play against them and then you know to play against him last this in his final year this year, you know several times is It's memory is a it's it's a bunch of Man things running through your head and I would never imagine that you know playing against him in the NBA You know and dreaming of it and you know to be a part of it and play against him for the last seven years It's been it's been amazing for me as well as Dirk and I feel like my first encounter with Dirk was actually when I was 16 and I won the MVP of USA basketball and he presented me with a trophy over in Germany and that was my first time ever meeting him Here I am in the NBA playing against him again, so I picked this. It's definitely a cool story Just my favorite I'll say AI Mike Ray Allen I would say do wait just guys who I love and watch and chat a minute of my game after He got game love and basketball Blue chips probably. Oh, man. Mountain Dew ice. Well first. We're Straight it's not an energy drink. It's a limelight drink actually incorporated into their new brand Courtside access basically would I mean they want the fans to get a better understanding of what it's like to Be closer in courtside. So the whole experience of meeting players meeting different celebrities Getting involved with the culture You know, it's an amazing space for this all-star weekend and represent the rising stars game As well as the three point shoot up. So, you know, they're really big with their With their sponsorship and getting everybody involved and I'm definitely happy to be a part of it


We're going to Kainai, which is one of the Blackfoot Reserves in Treaty 7. We're going to a pow-wow. For me as a non-indigenous person, I go to see people that I know, see friends and people I consider family. I remember when I first went, I had so many questions of what's that dance, what are they wearing, and what's that called, and pow-wows are very open spaces to have conversations if you're just being called. Right now we're standing in the middle of a pow-wow. There's a lot of people here. This is probably the biggest pow-wow I've ever been to. I'm always really cautious and try to be conscious of where I am, especially in places that I'm a minority, which doesn't normally, like that's not a normal thing in my day-to-day life. In Calgary my whole life, but I didn't know that Calgary was within Treaty 7 territory until about three years ago when I started university. And at first I didn't really understand what that meant because I didn't really understand what Treaty was in the first place and why that was significant. There's so many dimensions and it's an ongoing thing. It's a living, breathing thing that has to be sustained and kept up. This idea of we are all Treaty people stems from the fact that there are two signatories for Treaty 7, which is where we are right now, and also where I was born. Because of that document it allows me to live here, it allows me to participate in things like pow-wows, and it allows me to engage with those stories in a way that I'm not sure could ever have happened if that signing hadn't taken place.


It's as good as I'm gonna get it. The one that's pinned, that's the last one inside the bus. The interior? Yup. Alright, bus coming down. Bus coming down. Bus coming down. Bus coming down. Bus coming towards you. Cheers first. That was a good one. We're going for bread. Thank you sir. Watch the debris here. Watch that one there. Oh my god.


It's I am Corbin and this is Rick. If you're new to our channel go and smash the like button and subscribe. Ring that little bell to be part of the notification squad. Please follow us on Instagram. Twitter. Oh, juicy golden. It's so juicy. Hi there. And thank you to everybody who supported us on Patreon. Yes. As always. As always. There's exclusive content on there. Every single video we do is up before it's on YouTube. Sometimes days before. And then obviously any funds we get there is going to our first trip to India. India we come to you. Hopefully soon.  For a couple, that could be a couple months now. Yeah. Because it was one of the first things people were saying to watch. No, I think we watched, did the trailer reaction a couple, like a month ago. And yeah, it was weeks. Just feels like months. Yes. I'm sure it does to YouTube. Well, we do at least two videos a day. So that's true. But it's a, I remember not liking the trailer very much. Really? Yeah, remember? Because I was like it looks very, what was that, Mr. Bean. Oh yeah. I liked the shout out to old school silent films. Yeah. So that was our, but they ever kept saying, watch it, watch it, watch it, watch it. Right. It's amazing. So if you want to read the, I do want to read the three young people learn that love can neither be defined nor contained by society's definition of normal and abnormal. Interesting. That is an interesting synopsis. Yeah, it is. I don't know why, but synopsize it as such. Fine. But anyways, the, so this is our first introduction to the other Kapoor. Correct. Alia's current boyfriend. Correct. Who I hear they're getting married. Oh really? Yeah. Congratulations. If that's not the case then. We'll be expecting a invitation. Of course. And to be part of the wedding party. Yep. So. The starring Renbeer and Priyanka Chopra. Correct. Who? Spoiler. Spoilers. Obviously. Don't watch this if you haven't seen it. Go watch the film. Go watch the film and then come back. Now we've seen her. Yes. Before in things here in America. Mm-hmm. The first thing we saw and the only thing we've seen her until now was we saw her in Pastrami Mastinai. Mm-hmm. Pastrami Mastinai. She did amazing. She did. She did. She was a heavyweight. So shall we start with Priyanka? Yeah. As we talk about Barfi? Yes. Because I believe she's knocked her out of the freaking park. She was mind-freaking- I didn't boggle her. I didn't recognize her off the bat. Neither did I. And I had to look up because I was like that main girl's not Priyanka. I forgot she was in it. Yeah. And I'm watching this girl and then it was probably three or four minutes in.  I went, wait a minute. Yeah. Wait a freaking minute. That's freaking Priyanka. Yeah. Yeah. I think I had a very similar experience. Yeah. And once you looked really, really young too. Right. Like, I mean the other one she looked more my age. Yes. And then this one she looked almost 16. It seemed like. Come on. Keep talking. But she was so, so brilliant in this. In every single moment. Like we've seen now other films. It's one of the amazing things of Indian cinema. Yeah. How many much this subject. Yeah. Is put on film. Right. Because I can tell you maybe in one hand where maybe one film where the person with I believe she had autism in Asperger's. Right. On those spectrums. And on the very severe spectrum. Yes. Is shown in American film. Right. But now we've seen what four or five films. Yes. That just. And she was. They tackled it. She was just so pure and brilliant and honest in everything she did. Come on. On screen.  And then the whole story was just so good. I wanted to start with her because she was obviously my favorite part of the whole. She was for me too. And this will be a good segue because I can talk about her all day. And read something I wrote while I was watching her. I had no idea that this woman was at that level as an actor. Neither did I. Neither did I. I had no. And my bet is we'll probably have a similar kind of reaction when we watched Margarita with a straw just from the trailer. Right. But this was even more surprising because we didn't, I don't remember this trailer. I just, I was so caught off guard. And I mean every word of this and it'll be a good segue into the other star of the film there. Okay. I wrote. Priyanka is nothing short of a revelation. A pure delight who is riveting at all times, brutally honest in every moment with a bravery and her vulnerability comparable to any of the great performances I've seen captured on screen. And a dedication to the work as complete and disciplined as I, as I've ever seen. For me, she towers above this film in the way ledger towered above dark night. This for me is all about Priyanka. She is the preeminent reason to see this film for me. It was a very similar performance, not film wise, but a performance to I think Leo in What's Eating Gilbert Grape. Yes. Great, great comparison. Perfect comparison. Both brilliant performances and just kind of transcended what we thought about those actors. Great comparison. And obviously very similar, but I think they both had similar. Yeah, that's a great comparison because until that point and people knew who Leo was, but that was the movie where everybody went, Oh my goodness, this guy's like Oscar level. Yeah. This is the real deal. And then 20 years later, he would win an Oscar. It would. But she, she was so, so brilliant and I love the character. It was the whole journey they took us through that I did not expect. Yeah. Because obviously we can talk about Ranbeer. Yeah, we will. For sure. Ranbeer. I think he was really, really good. I think obviously I think she stole the show. And I want to talk about the director too. Yes, we will get that. Obviously we're actors. So we're going to talk about it. So pull up. But he I think had a very difficult role, one being this the first experience we've had with him. And I think this is going to be a very Ranbeer relationship with him. The first time we saw Ran, Ranbeer, it was in gully boy. And it was a almost a right. This character wasn't normal. Right. But I hope that's the case. He wasn't, he was a, he was more on the, like a base level. He had a very, what I compared this film to was if any of you haven't seen it, Benny and June. I, dude, you and I have the same brand with this frickin movie. It is my favorite Johnny Depp film ever. And I love Johnny Depp. But the film itself is, it's, it's that film is on, not as it's on the high level spectrum, but these two people with social, what do you call it? Social oddity, oddities, different outside the box and unacceptable because of their differences. And then obviously Johnny's character had the very Buster Keaton thing going on. And he had a very Charlie Chaplin thing going on. But he obviously was mutant and couldn't hear. Right. And I thought he did really, really well. And I thoroughly enjoyed his performance. I thought he did everything the director wanted him to. It's just that Priyanka kind of almost stole the show. She did. And let me write, let me read some notes. You're going to like what I have to say at the fact that you brought up Benny and June. You ready? So first of all, this is for him. There is an aspect of innocent delight and charm and wishing was there, but isn't. I saw it in PK, an innocent charm. And I saw it in my name is Khan. And I see it in Priyanka. I wasn't seeing it in there and I kept looking for it. I don't think he needed an innocent charm. Well, there's an innocent charm and I wrote this. It wasn't innocent. This had the chance to be on the level of Johnny Depp and Benny and June. Part of what was missing was, and again, I said this to you before we started recording. I am 100% willing to accept that my opinion of how Ranbir did was purely me. My take away from it for whatever reason, whether it was because Priyanka so upstaged him for me in the way way more than Alia did for Ranbir. I mean, this is off the charts comparatively. I'd be willing to go back and watch it again as fresh of a slate as I possibly could. There was actually, I put this on my notes as well, as I watched him and I was rooting for him. I was really rooting for him to go beyond the physicality of what I saw as impersonating versus Johnny Depp and Benny and June doesn't impersonate Buster Keaton. He embodies Buster Keaton. I saw Ranbir doing more of an impersonation of that comedic style versus it being who he is. That's just me and there was also, and I'm getting super technical and subjective, so just hear me out. I was watching him intently and I'm rooting for him. There was an underlying current of anger in him and I didn't want that and I didn't understand why there was that one. What I wanted from this character was a sweetness. I don't think that's who the character is. And that very well may be the case. Very well may be I was imposing upon him something that isn't there and I'm not being fair to him. I completely accept that. I understand what you're saying maybe about him trying to be too much Charlie Chaplin. I get that and that could be a directorial thing. Sure. That was his choice but that I get. I don't think he needed the sweetness because I don't think he was a sweet carry.  That's how he expressed himself because he couldn't talk. He couldn't talk and he can't hear. And so he kind of put all this stuff out in that way to express himself.  Sure. Because I would be freaking pissed all the time if I couldn't talk. I am 100% ready to accept the fact that because I prefer sweet characters like a PK or the sweetness I sensed in Johnny Depp kind of a sweetness, a sympathetic character like a forest gum that I've imposed that on this character when he wasn't scripted or directed or portrayed that way and that's just my own filter that that's why I'd go back and watch it again. If the character really isn't supposed to be the sweetness I would go back and watch it again because I was rooting for him and to say all that I didn't think he did a bad job. I thought he did a solid job as an actor. He was believable. I didn't think he was fake. He just didn't convey for me a level of believability anywhere remotely close to Priyanka. And the character leaned more toward the anger side than he did on the hurt and vulnerable side and that could purely be me. I think it is. I thought he did really well. I agree that Priyanka was far and away the superior performance but I think this is going to be a very similar thing to Gully Boy. We've seen him obviously as Alien number two which is the greatest role in his cinema history. And you can't forget to the level where he's at. I think his crowning performances in Rockstar which we've seen the trailer for. Correct. And that looks completely different. I'm in no way saying I know what this guy's capable of. The lesson we learned with Ranveer again I take full ownership of the fact that this could be my own bias, my overthinking and not letting the role just be what it's supposed to be. Yeah, I thought he did really well. It just frustrates me as well. I was frustrated. I think everybody else did really well as well as two. That's a beautiful story. Yeah, he's going on to the director. Yeah, great transition. This was one of the most beautiful films outside of Bistrami, Mastanani and Padma Bhatt. Right. Those are completely different level. But in terms of just the natural shots obviously his was more CGI'd and all that kind of stuff. Right. But this is kind of more the exterior shots. They're just so beautiful. Unbelievable. The way you shot it was all very... Everything was almost... What's the word? Symmetrical. Symmetrical. On screen. And then obviously the way he directed this and the writing, it didn't see coming. Kind of almost a love triangle. Yeah. I didn't see that coming either. And then how they handled it. Yeah. Because obviously he fell in love with this one and then she, her mother convinced him that she should go with the other one. Which there were two scenes in this that were directly out of the notebook. Which I haven't seen so I wouldn't be able to tell. Directly. And I don't know if... It had to be like that they loved the notebook. Not the trailer we've seen recently, notebook. But the notebook Ryan Gosling. Right. When the mother took her to the site. Okay. And to talk about the guy she loves. That is directly out of the notebook. Directly out of the notebook. Directly. And then the end... Hold on. Are you going to watch the notebook? Because I don't want to spoil it. No I won't. I won't. I won't see the notebook. They die at the end together. I figured. I heard that. Yeah. It's a term breaking at the end. Obviously the film wasn't the notebook but those two scenes were directly out of the notebook. So do you think that was the same way in which he had that very cute moment where he was doing the singing in the rain moment of make him laugh for her? So you think they were complimenting the notebook probably? I think. Well I mean it was almost a direct, direct shot. Okay. Maybe they stole it. Yeah. I'm wondering if I think they probably just didn't love the notebook and they wanted to incorporate that. Well and I wrote this about the directing which we're looking at the page. It's very rare to have two people credited as directors and it'd be this seamless in its vision. I mean I think one's an AD but they got director credit as a dual direction. But I wrote this watching the direction. Directed kites too. Okay. The majority of Indian directors we have seen are more caring, detailed and aware of visual aesthetics than most directors. It's a testament to their deeply passionate emotional expressiveness and desire for artistic perfection. There are so many moments in this film and you would know this from theater classes that I've taught where I would just want, I did this with open range where I showed people how editing speed can change the way you feel about the emotion of a film because open range starts in the open range and it's at least five or six seconds for each edit. Then when they get into the town Costner starts doing edits every two seconds to make you feel that it's more fast paced. It's not as predictable. It's a little bit edgy. I could do so many scenes just on the directing from this. Yeah. And all in all, as much as I was frustrated by Rambeer, I loved this. I really did like this movie a lot and I would watch it again. Yeah. I thought it was brilliant. My favorite part was the whole love triangle. Yeah, me too. Because I was saying before he fell in love with the first girl and then that went away. And then he fell in love with this girl which I didn't see coming. And I thought he was just going to be almost a friend to her. Me too. I didn't see that coming at all. And then they kind of just understood each other because the one had, he was a mute and he couldn't hear. Right. And then the other was on the autism and Asperger spectrum. Right. And so they kind of just understood each other. Right. In the little pocket. Yes. But then she came back in and then she got jealous and so she ran away. And then you were figuring out what was going to go on that. That's the girl, right? That's the third. The third one. She did really well. She did really well. I thought she was absolutely fantastic and she played such an important part. Her character is so selfless. Yes. She so loves him. And let's just, can we just say one really negative thing for sure? What? The old age makeup on this was as bad as Edward Scissorhands. Yeah. No, no. Yeah. That was definitely awful. I didn't also understand, and this is the only other nitpick, I didn't understand why the police officer was there in the end. Well, I was surprised he outlived Barfi. Yeah. It's like, how did you make it in Barfi, didn't you? Yeah. That was a little strange. But I didn't care too much. But yeah, the story. Yes. Very sweet story. Love this film. You even liked the ending? Because it had a happy ending, as it were. Well, it was a happy film, so I was expecting that. So when he's walking away, and I'll get emotional, think about it, and you hear Priyanka go, Barfi. Mm-hmm. And you know, he can't hear her calling? Oh yeah, that was too hard. So it's up to her. Yeah. I was wondering what she was going to do. Oh, that's such a great moment. It was a great moment. She had the choice at that moment to lie and keep him. Yeah. Or be honest and let him go. And she freaking let him go. Yeah. Did that, did any mistake? Oh, no. No, that part got me. That was not even close to getting me. Oh, that part got me. I just started crying when she said Barfi. But no, they had two great scenes in this when Barfi couldn't hear when the dad died. Oh yeah, that was brilliant. A brutal scene. And I was like, oh. And he throws, he almost gets it up there. He throws the shoe up there. Yeah. Or the book, whatever he throws. Yeah, brilliant scene. I was like, oh my goodness. Yeah, this is definitely, you know, when I'm telling people here at the movies you need to see that are coming out of India, I'm definitely recommending this one. I think so. I am certain my frustrations are purely subjective about Ranbeer's character portray. I think when you go back and watch it after we see more Ranbeer content, I'm sure we will. Once we watch Rockstar, which everybody's recommending, I think it's going to be another Ranbeer thing. Yeah. Where we started off with almost their basic character, even though this one wasn't as basic as Ranbeer's character. Yeah. I think it's going to be one of those things that you're going to see how different he can be and that's the genius of it. I'm sure it is. And I'll rewatch it and let it be because the more I think about it, and even as I was reading my notes, like I said, I really do think my own expectations and desires of seeing a character like this be more like Benny and June or PK is probably not a fair thing to have done to the character. And who knows? Ranbeer may have said, you know what, I wanted to make him sweet. He wasn't written that way.  And the director wanted me to make sure he said, hey, stop making him so sweet.  And I related to him in that way. I wouldn't even equate him that way because I don't think he was mean. That's not what I was. Well, I don't equate that to being mean. I just go, that's who he is. No. For me, it was really, because I'm watching to see, I'm always asking this question when I'm enjoying a performance and I was enjoying his performance. What are you using? Like with Priyanka, wow, my goodness, what are you using? What's your emotional recall? What is it that you're doing right now that's keeping you in this character and I was watching him, I felt, and this is subjective, I felt like there was that he was defaulting toward anger which is the easiest emotion to default to as an actor versus something more complex than just anger. And I think I was probably unfair to him. Yeah. I think so too.  Well, there you go. Please let us know what other films we should watch next. Yes. We've got nothing to watch. Yeah, but you guys haven't recommended us to watch anything, so maybe get on with it. Oh, what's that Student of the Year film? Yeah, Student of the Year 2, that's probably the next one. I'm watching that one right now. Actually, that's not out yet. We'll watch Dahum 3. Oh, yeah, Dahum 3. Here we go.


Welcome to the screencast about identities about sets. What we're about to do in this video is establish some ground rules and some basic properties about sets and the way that we operate sets together that will help us make future computations and proofs about sets a lot easier. When we talk about identities, one of the things that might bring to mind are things like trigonometric identities, like the old trig identity. Sine squared x plus cosine squared x equals one, for example. That's an identity that you learned in trigonometry. And what that allowed you to do is make certain things simpler. And there are a whole host of trigonometric identities that are all aimed at making life simpler for us. Sets have identities too. And what I'm about to show you here is a couple of slides worth of identities. These are all theorems that we can prove and some of them we will prove. But for the most part, what we will do is take them as being true and work with them. Here's one set of set identities here. Some of these have to do with the empty set and some of them have to do with the universal set. This one, for example, says that A intersects to the empty set as always the empty set. And A union the empty set as always itself. This one says that A intersects to A is equal to itself. This one says A union A is equal to itself. This one says that I can intersect sets in any order I wish or union sets in any order I wish. The associative laws here say that I can group intersections and unions arbitrarily, as long as they're all intersections or all unions, the distributive properties here, distributive laws, say, give me some rules for how to distribute an intersection across a union and we get something like this. Now this last one, the distributive law might remind you of a logical equivalence law that was also called the distributive law where we're distributing a conjunction over a disjunction. And they're very similar and logically related to each other. Here's another set of identities that we're also going to use that are a little bit more off the beaten path. This one here for example says that the complement of A complement is A. The A minus B is A intersect B complement. This one is so useful that we're going to prove it in just a minute using some things we learned from the last section. And some other things too. I just want to also point your attention to De Morgan's laws. That's another logical equivalence law that we saw that had to do with negating a disjunction or negating a conjunction. This, in this context, it has to do with taking the complement of an intersection or the complement of a union. The complement of an intersection is the union of the complements and vice versa. So the way that we establish these theorems, they're not axioms. We don't just accept them without proof. We prove each one of them using the choose an element method. So what I'd like to do now is focus in on this basic property here that A minus B is equal to A intersect B complement and prove it. So I'll set it up as a proposition. Let's let A and B be sets in some universal set U. And then A minus B is equal to A intersect B complement. And I just want to point out that you can prove, you can set up a similar proof for every single one of the set identities that you just saw on those two slides. Although there's a lot of them, they're not just handed down as axioms. They are provable and some of the exercises you should go through and prove them. So let's set up a proof of this. And how are we going to proceed? Well, this is a proposition about two sets being equal to each other. So as we saw in the last few videos, that's going to involve two steps.  And then I need to turn around and prove the other direction. I'll have to prove that A intersect B complement is a subset of A minus B. Remember that when we're proving that two sets are equal to each other, that means I have to do two things. I have to do this double subset inclusion type argument here. So let's get to it. So to prove that A intersect A minus B is equal to A intersect B complement, let's first prove, get my pencil back, let's first prove that show that A minus B is a subset of A intersect B complement. Okay? Now to show that one subset is a subset of another, we're going to use the choose an element idea. So the first thing we're going to do is let X be an element of A minus B. And what we want to show, and I'll put this in red because I don't know it yet, I want to show this, I want to show that X belongs to A intersect B complement. I don't know that it is yet, I only know that it belongs to A minus B, but that's where we're headed with all this. So let's work it out. So if X belongs to A minus B, what does that mean? Well, X belonging to A minus B means that X belongs to A and X does not belong to B. That's just by the definition of set difference. The set difference of A and B is the set of all things that do belong to A but do not belong to B. I've subtracted out all the B stuff. And so what does that tell me? Well, if X belongs to A and X does not belong to B, in particular if X does not belong to B, what that means is that X belongs to its complement. Okay, there's a key point there. If X does not belong to B, then what it does belong to is the complement of B. Now let's just see what we have. I have X belonging to A and belonging to B complement. So what that tells me is that therefore X belongs to the intersection of A and B complement. And that is what we were trying to show back up in the first line. I wanted to show that X belongs to that intersection. So therefore I've proven that A minus B is a subset of A intersect B complement. Now I've got to flip this around and go the other way. So let's set up a new pager. I'm going to go the other way. What I want to do is show that A intersect B complement is a subset of A minus B. This will look really similar to the forward direction of this proof. So to do this, let's choose an element. We're going to let, let's say Y be an element of A intersect B complement. And again, let me just write down what I want to show here. Do it in red. I want to show that Y belongs to A minus B. Very good. And switch back to the right color. Now if Y belongs to A intersect B complement, what that tells me is that Y belongs to A and Y belongs to B complement. Just definition of intersection. Now if Y belongs to A, then I'm just going to write this down. Y belongs to A. And in particular if Y belongs to B complement, that means that Y is not an element of B. And so what this means is that therefore, I'll just say then again Y belongs to A minus B because that's the definition of set difference. That's what I wanted to show here. And so I'm done. And now I've shown that A intersect B complement is a subset of A minus B. And so therefore the entire theorem is proven. I've shown that one set is included in the other and vice versa. So therefore A intersect B complement is actually equal to A minus B. So this is a fact that we can take to the bank. Anytime I need to, it's a very handy way of rewriting differences. Okay, anytime I see A minus B or X minus Y or anything of that nature in set theory, I can rewrite that as an intersection involving a complement. And that becomes very, very useful. We'll see this show up in later screencasts. Before we leave, I just want to prove one extra identity that I kind of feel ought to have been on this list, but isn't. And it's really, really simple, but I want to establish it now because we're going to need it later. It says that if A is any set that lives inside some universal set U, then A intersect its complement is empty. So this is saying that A and its complement are disjoint, in other words. So let's think about how we would prove that. Well, oftentimes we've, you know, we've mentioned before that many times we've proved that two sets are disjoint by contradiction. So let's try to prove by contradiction to show that A and its complement are disjoint. So we're going to show A intersect A complement is empty. So let's suppose for a contradiction that there is something in that set. So for a contradiction, that's let X be in A and A complement at the same time. So suppose that the intersection is not empty, but rather there's something in it, and let's call it X. Then what that means is that X is in A and X is in A complement because that's the definition of intersection. But what does it mean for X to be in the complement? I already know that X belongs to A. If X is in A complement, that means X does not belong to A. And here's where our contradiction comes from, pretty obviously. I have X in A and not in A at the same time, and that's a contradiction. So therefore, that X can't exist. Therefore, the intersection of A and A complement must actually be empty in the first place. So there's a couple of quick proofs of set identities. And again, you can go back to every single one of those set identities and prove them all. And it's a good chance to try your hand at some of those things. Thanks for watching.