فشرف بالاشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دا دا دا لا وياله من شراف عظيمي الحمد لله رب العالمين وصل الله على سيدنا ونبينا محمد وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد إن شاء الله تعالى ما سنبدأ today is the explanation of this great book مختصر فيو أصول العقائد الدينية written by none other than the great Nobu Skola عبد الرحمن ابن ناصر ابن عبدالله ابن السعدي who died a year 1376 he is the author of this book we have previously taken his biography we took his biography where in the explanation of رسالة الله طيفة right أو قواعد الفقية نعم so insha'Allah we are not going to waste more time in what you call it in the biography of the author and who he is فوغاني ونعنى التعريف he is masha'Allah well known and there is no need for us to dwell over his biography we are now going to start the شرح and explanation of this particular book and insha'Allah as we go on we will find more about what this book is about نعم تفضل الحمد لله رب العالمين وصلى الله وسلم على محمد وآله وصحبه وأتباعه إلى يوم الدين as you can see the author he started his book by saying الحمد لله رب العالمين praises to Allah سبحانه وتعالى the lord of the universe العالمين is the universe الحمد لله سبحانه وتعالى وصلى الله عليه وسلم الله تبارك وتعالى send down salutation on the prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم وآله and his family عال is short for what ahl وصح به and his companions and his companions is who ملقي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ومؤمن به ومات على الإسلام ولو تخلل التردات وعلى الأصح a companion is the person who met the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he died upon email even if there came a time he apostated it doesn't matter نعم واتباعه is the followers those who have followed him عليه الصلاة و السلام and the companions they follow the companions إلى يوم الدين until the day of judgment إلى أن يريث الله الأرضى وماتنا عليها until Allah takes over everything that's on this earth and everyone on it so we say praise to Allah the Lord of the Universe now this is the difference between Hamd and Shukr because when you say الحمد لله رب العالمين you're praising Allah for what for that which he is not for what he's done for you necessarily Shukr is not Shukr is only what you have done for me بينهما عمومون وخصوص there is that difference between the two of them so who's more comprehensive who's more general now Hamd or Shukr Hamd is right because Hamd is for what you've done for me and also what you are isn't that the case so from that angle Hamd is more broader than a Shukr but there are times when Shukr or there is a time when Shukr is more broader than Hamd when is that when we look at where it occurs from where it happens from Hamd only happens from the mouth and the heart that's it whereas Shukr happens from the mouth and the heart and the limbs so God says in the Qur'an ولقد آتينا داود مننا فضي يجبال أوي من معه والطير وقللنا له الحديد فني أعمل صابغات وقدر في السارة وعملو صالح إني بما تعملو للبصير وليسليمان الريح ودوها شهر ورواحوها شهر وأسلنا له عين القط ومن الجن من يعمل بين يدي بإذن ومن يزغ منهم عن أمرين ندخوا من على بسعه يعلمون لهما يشاء من محريب وتماتيلة وجفانيك الجبال وقدور راسي إعملو آل داود شكره هذا إعملو آل داود شكره أعو the people of Dawood show gratitude on your limbs you see so the shukr occurs from your limbs بينهم آ what is called they say بينهم آ عموم وخصص عموم وخصص meaning generalization, specification أما بعضه is to proceed صحيح أما بعضه is to proceed أما بعضو is a what نائبة. نائب means it's taking the place of something else. It's taking the place of what مهما يكون من أمرين. Whatever the case may be. That's what it means. And the scholars they differ upon who's the first person to say it. The majority of the overwhelming scholars they say that the first person to say it was to what? And they will hide out with عليه السلام. And Allah says we gave him فصل الخطب. They say this is أما بعضو. And sometimes scholars they say و بعضو. And it's not good to say و بعضو. It's better to say أما بعضو. إتباع للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم. Follow the prophet عليه الصلاة والسلام. So to proceed. So when we hear أما بعضو we know انتقال من أسلوب إلى آخر. صحيح? So don't... بلاغو سلوب would be our... سلوب علمي أو سلوب أدبي. That's different types of... No, no, it doesn't mean that. It means from the مقدمة. From the introduction. When moving away from the introduction now and we're going to go to the صوب المطور. The actual topic that we want to talk about now. To proceed means I've thanked Allah. I've praised him for what he deserves سبحانه وتعالى. Or with the great characteristics that he has. I've also said salutation of the prophet عليه الصلاة والسلام and the companions and the believers until the day of judgment. Now I want to go to my topic at hand. So you're moving from that speech to the topic that you want to speak about. Now. فهادة مختصر جدا في أصول العقائد الدينية. So this فهادة. Remember when أما بعضو comes majority of the times scholars they mention. But remember the fact is the fact is جواب. It's answer to the أما بعضو. Remember. So فهادة. What is this هادة pointing at? هادة is a ishara right in the Arabic language that you point at something. هادة. And هاده. So the sheikh is pointing at something. What is he pointing at right now? The book. But then this is the question that arises now. It can be something which is محسوس تنجبو or it can be something which is in his head. If he had authored the book and the book was because a lot of the scholars not the majority but a lot of the scholars what they do is they write the book. They author the book. Once they've written the book then they write the introduction. They go and they write the introduction because they know what they've written. They have an idea of what they've written. The introduction is easier for them to write. That's one way of doing it. So when he has already if that's what he has done he has written the book and then he goes for the introduction then هاده is referring to what he's already written. But if he hasn't written the book and he's now put the pen on the paper and he's started with the introduction where can that هادة go to?  He's planning to write is what he's referring to. هادة is in my head right now. You see? So هادة this مختصر the word مختصر in the Arabic language is ما قل لفظه it's anything that the wordings are very little but not necessarily the meaning. I might have some it's basically summarization or to abridge something but just because I've abridged something just because I've summarized something it doesn't necessarily mean I've got rid of the powerful meaning that I could have portrayed. It's still probably there I'm trying to bring that meaning still there but I've summarized it. I've made it into something very short. So the مختصر in the Arabic language is what ما قل لفظه وجل معنى it's wordings are little but the meaning is powerful it's lost. The meaning is and the truth of the matter is this book in front of us without a shadow of a doubt it's a book that وَلَهُ مِنِسْمِهِ نَصِبْ وَلَهُ مِنِسْمِهِ نَصِبْ that is وَلَهُ مِنِسْمِهِ نَصِبْ means that it is what its name is it is summarized and abridged but reality of the matter is that is it is powerful the meaning has not gone the author Allah he gave it justice نعم so sorry مختصر جدا I've summarized it very much في أصول العقائد الدينية but it's what in what topic it's in أصول العقائد الدينية fundamental creedomatis it's in what fundamental creedomatis and inshallah as we're going to see the sheikh رحمة الله تعالى رحمة واسعة he broke it into five five أصول five أصول he broke it into and we shall see إنشاء الله تعالى each أصل and what it's talking about what the topic is about نعم والأصول الكبيرة المهمة يقتصنا فيها على مجرد الإشارة والتنبيه من غير بصد للكلام ولا ذكر أجلتها so the sheikh look what he's saying right now he's now telling you he's going to write the book and the way he's authoring the book but did he say I've suffice myself I basically stuck to in writing this book على مجرد الإشارة والتنبيه I'm only going to point out I'm only going to what I'm only going to point out I'm not going to go into تفاصيل detailed matters and explanation my job here right now is just to point out just to bring to your attention something and he said من غير بصد للكلام I'm not going to explain I'm going to details and drag on my speech ولا ذكر and I'm also not going to mention أجلتها evidences for the things I say I'm just going to mention points I'm not going to give you evidences for my arguments or my points I want there's a reason why he has that he has chosen to do that so it's more like this book of his is more of a as he's going to soon say إن شاء الله it's like a content page you read a content page of a book it doesn't give you it doesn't give you what it doesn't give you evidences and what not it's meant to give you an overview a guideline so my book is like that for you you see that's what it is more like a content page and the word that the sheikh used which is فهرسة is more of a كشاف as it used to be used this now word that term right now it's become a term which is عجم it's a foreign word the Arabs never used to use that word they used to use the word كشاف now it's better it's correct to say تعرف أصولها ومقامها I know your نسخة says ومقامها but it's correct to say ومقامها ومحلها من الدين the reason why I did that اللامي is لا مستببية the reason why I've done that to just give you the bullet points and an overview and not going to detail so much is because I just want you to learn the foundations and the fundamentals I just want you to know these principles these fundamentals like that and I want you to know its positions what chapters you may put it under in terms of the religion and he said I also knew I also know that anyone who has more passion you know sometimes people they study a book once they finish that book they say you know what I like what was mentioned there but I want to go more in detail if you have more passion and you're driven and you're enthusiastic and you have high aspiration then you can go into the the big books the مطولات the big books but I'm not my job wasn't to what bring that to you here I'm just trying to give you a summary so if you want the براهين and the evidences and the proofs and all of that it is in its مضام in its place you can find it now وَإِنْ يَسَّرَ اللَّهُ وَفَسَحَ فِي الْأَجَلِ بَسَطُّ هَذِهِ الْمَطَالِبَ وَوَضَحْتُهَا بِأَدِلَّتِهَا الشخصر وَإِنْ يَسَّرَ اللَّهُ إِفَ اللَّهُ means and he makes it possible وَفَسَحَ وَفَسَحَ فِي الْأَجَلِ and Allah expands for me my life span if I live on بَسَطُّ هَذِهِ الْمَطَالِبِ إن شاء الله I will expand on these on these units and these chapters وَوَالْضَحْتُ بِأَدِلَّتِهَا and I will what I will give you its evidences each one so the sheikh here right now what is he doing تَمَنَّ المُصَلِلِ for the author is hoping and he will say to Allah وَلَهُ that Allah makes it possible for him to live for a longer time so he can do what so he can explain his book he can put a sharah on it or he can expand on it even more but as he said رحمه الله رحمة واسعة he wrote this book في آخر عمره in the latest stages of his life that's why he says this you don't say this when you're young you don't say that generally speaking when you're young if I live longer you only say that if you're you're aged so he knew رحمه الله who is in a very old age but he didn't manage to رحمه الله to explain it or go to more extensive explanation but this shows you something very amazing which is when you grow old and you've read so much what he's put here right now is a summary and a خلاصة it is the you know the summary and the the final conclusion of his years of experience عليها رحمة الله so for you might be like oh that's but this for him is a what it's a summary then in the sheikh رحمه الله previously he said ثم مله رقبة في العلم يطلب بصطها وبراهيلها من أماكنها right from the places you could go to if you have more passion and drive in which you can find more evidences is none other than the book معارج القبول and that book is a sharah of the سلم الوصول إلى علم الوصول written by الإمام العلامة that book of حافظ الحكمة معارج القبول فإن هذا الكتاب لا نظير له there's no book like it in terms of تحيده and how he brings all the evidences that you need سبحان الله قال الله قال رسول الله evidences from the Qur'an and the sunnah that book if you memorize the poetry for it and you also memorize the evidences for each one that book is something else so that's the kind of book if you have passion and you're driven you have high aspiration that's the kind of book you can go to to find more evidences for these points now insha'Allah we're going to go into the first أصل we're going to go to the first the first أصل insha'Allah the first أصل is التوحيد نعم أصل الأول التوحيد حد التوحيد الجامع لأنواعه هو اعتقاد العبد لأنه بتفرد الله بصفات الكمال وإفراده بأنواع العبادة فدخل في هذا الشيخ رحمه الله رحمة تنواسعة first he started his book and as I said to you before this book is how many how many how many أصول did he write it in the book is consist of خمسة أصول five five foundations and the first of those foundations he starts with is what the greatest of all foundations أصل عظيم from the greatest أصول and that is التوحيد so he built his whole book and he started it off with this and the reason for this is my brothers and sisters who are going to watch is this is why Allah sent all messengers ولقد بعتنا في كل أمة الرسول أن يعبد الله واجتني بالطاق وما أرسل من قبلك من الرسول إلا نوحي إليه أنه لا إله إلا أنا every prophet this was the message he was having ربادة الله وحده الله being worshipped alone so then it's important for the sheikh to start with that there's no foundation greater than it now we're going to we want to find out what's the definition of توحيد صحيح somebody can ask you right now what's the definition of توحيد what are you going to say and for you to come with something you would first have to know what it is for you to come to be there right لأن الحكمة على شيء ونفرق أن تصوره to be able to implement something you first of all have to understand it so the sheikh الحماه الله he defines حقيقة التوحيد the reality and the true meaning of a توحيد صح brothers توحيد if we look at the Quran and the Sunnah if we look at the Quran of Allah سبحانه وتعالى and we look at the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ توحيد is referred to two things يطلق على معنى يين إن شاء الله two meanings is what توحيد is referred to the first one is a general meaning معنى العام توحيد is referred to a there's a general meaning that it has and the general one is what the general one is if we look at the Quran if يجب أن تفضل إلى الجنر المعنى. كذلك، إفراد الله تبارك وتعالى سنجل الله تبارك وتعالى بالعبادة. أين تفضل؟ أولو هنا. وهذا هو زبدة الرسالة الإلهية. The real gist. The true concept of Allah's message. The second meaning, which is معنى الخاص. And that's why sometimes you hear a ulema when they define Tawheed. What do they say? It's Tawheedullah bila ibadah. Why are they saying Tawheedullah bila ibadah? When Tawheedullah bila ibadah is what? It's Tawheedululuhia and Tawheedululuhia is just one of the three. Because the fighting, and the arguments, and the debates, and the jannah, and the nara, and the sumawat, and everything was made just for this one. The reason why jihad was made permissible is because of Tawheedul ibadah. Why the believers were fighting the disbelievers. Because of Tawheedul ibadah, Allah made jannah and nara. Because of Tawheedul ibadah, Allah made the heavens and the heavens and the earth. All of it is because of Tawheedul ibadah. And that's why Tawheedul ibadah was the discussion of the prophets with their qum. Never did they discuss with their qum Tawheedul Rububia. The reason is because that was Tawheedul ibadah. Tawheedul ibadah. It was already believed in everyone except Ibadah. Because no one refuses Tawheedul Rububia except Ibadah. He's a jihad. A stubborn hardheaded. Even him, probably when he goes home he cries to God. Right? And that's why Pharaoh said I am your supreme lord. What was he saying? Allah says He's a stubborn hardheaded. So that's why I believe that Allah knows best. But I believe that atheists and agnostics shouldn't be debated. Because you being here is enough for me to say this to God. It's not fitting for the mind if we argue about a son that's out there. If we keep arguing about it. Is the son there? No, it's there. It's night. It's not fitting for the mind. Your existence and you being here and you taking that cup of water and drinking it is an evidence for me to God exist. خلاص. قضي الأمر الذي فيه تستيان. That's Tawheed. That's the Tawheed which is general which is حق إفراد الله بحقه. A single Allah in his rights. حق الله تباركه تعالى حق الروبوبية. حق الأسماء والسفات. And حق الألوهية. Right? Now the sheikh Allah is going to explain each one of those. Each one we are going to. الروبوبية. ألوهية. الأسماء والسفات. What do you mean? Now. تحيد الروبوبية الذي هو اعتقاد فراد الربي بالخلق والرسقي والأنواع تدبير. So the sheikh now defines the first حق of the حقوق الله تباركه تعالى. This is the general meaning. What is it? هو اعتقاد الانفراد الربي. It is to believe. الله is alone. سبحانه وتعالى بالخلقي creating. ورزقي. That's the correct way of saying it. ورزقي. ورزقي. Provision. Allah provides. وأنواع تدبير. And the different types of controlling. سبحانه وتعالى. This point that the sheikh is mentioning it can be summarizing two points. That's it. The حيد الروبوبية in summary. خلاصة. Is ifrado Allah. It's the single Allah. Here in what? افراد الله. Singling. الله تباركه تعالى. بذاته. وافعاله. It's the single Allah. تباركه تعالى. In his essence. And it's also to sing with him. سبحانه وتعالى. In his actions.  You also. Single Allah. تباركه تعالى. In his what? His actions. So why do the scholars. The reason why the scholars they choose to mention those three. Is. That's the summary. That's the خلاصة. Of Allah. تباركه تعالى's actions. Allah created you. Then once you are created.  What do you need? You need to eat right. And then once you come into this world. And you eat. What do you need? You need somebody to run your affairs. صحيح. So Allah. صحيح. So Allah. تباركه تعالى's actions. They say these are the. These are the. خلاصة of it. Meaning it falls under these three. You single Allah. تباركه تعالى in it. That's what. That's. توحيد الربوبية. نعم. هي. وتوحيد. الأسماء. والصفات. وهو. إثبات. ما أثبته. لنفسه. وأثبته. له. رسوله. حسنة. والصفات الكاملة العليا. الشيخ now goes on to the definition of what? توحيد الأسماء والصفات. Why did the sheikh mention توحيد الربوبية and توحيد الأسماء والصفات كنا? Because توحيد الربوبية and توحيد الأسماء والصفات are. إخباري. وما علني. It's just knowledge basically. It doesn't require action for me. Just know. Believe this. And know this. You know what Allah created. You know what Allah provided for you.  توحيد الأولوهية. The other hand. No, you're coming. You have to come with something. You have to manifest. So these two are one side. These two are on one side. Whereas توحيد الربوبية. أولوهية is a طلب. Something is requested from you. Something is intended from you. That's why the scholars sometimes divide it into two. Instead of three, they divide it into two. They put توحيد الربوبية in one place. And they put توحيد الأولوهية by itself. توحيد الأولوهية means brothers, pay attention. This is very powerful. توحيد الأولوهية means singling Allah in names. And what? أهل السنة. Believe what? Allah has names, right? Allah's names. They have characteristics in it. Allah's names are not just mere names. They just not a name that has no meaning in it. No. Allah's names have a meaning in it. تقاعدة is what? أعلام باعتبار دلالتها على ذات واصافه باعتبار دلالتها على المعاني. So Allah's names are أعلام واصاف. In summary. Allah's names are what? أعلام واصاف. So we believe the names and we believe the what? The characteristics. And both of them are توقيفية. And others you need to get an ayah from the Quran or a hadith from the Prophet ﷺ. If you want to affirm a name you have to have evidence for it. Are you with me brothers? What does it mean to single Allah in his names and attributes? It means three things. If you come with these three things you have singled Allah in his names and attributes. Pay attention. Singling Allah in his names and attributes means these three things. One. Affaming for Allah. إثباته ما أثبته لنفسه. Affaming for Allah. That which he affirmed for himself. أو أثبته له رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم أو that which is messenger. صلى الله عليه وسلم. So the first thing is that you have to come with if you want to single Allah in his names and attributes is is to affirm for him. That which he affirmed for himself. And that which is prophet Muhammad صلى الله عليه وسلم I affirmed for him. The second thing is the second thing is تنزيه الله is to exalt Allah. عما لا يليق به من النقائص والعيوب is to exalt Allah from things that are not befitting for him. Any deficiencies any shortcomings we say no. Because Allah does not have that. Allah does not sleep. Allah does not get tired. Allah does not oppress. No. Because those are what نقص and عيب. The deficiencies the faults and Allah doesn't have that سبحانه وتعالى. The third and the last one which is قطر طمع get rid of the desire. And in the Iraqi cavea to Sifati in wanting to know the how of these characteristics. You wanting to know what Allah's characteristics are. How do they when Allah says in the Qur'an يَا إِبْلِسُ مَا مَنَا عَكَاَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِمَا خَلَقْتُوا بِيَدَيْ إِبْلِسُ was preventing you to prostrate for the one that I have created with my two hands maybe like Adam was preventing you to prostrate for it. Get rid of the desire of wanting to know how Allah's hand looks like. Because you can't. The only way you can know the how of Allah's characteristics is one of three. And all three of them we don't have. The first one is somebody who saw Allah must tell us how Allah looks right? Do you have that? No. There's no one who's seen Allah. So there's no one able to tell us how he looks right? Are you with me? The second is what? There is nothing like him for us to take a comparison from him. There's not a thing that we can look at and say oh this is are you with me? And the third one is that he hasn't even told us. Allah hasn't told us. So because that those three are blocked from us we just get rid of the one thing to know how Allah's characters look like. Once you've come with those three you have now come with what is known as You have now come with singling Allah in his names and attributes. نعم. So when we affirm Allah's name Subhanahu و تعالى how do we affirm it? The way we affirm الله تبارك و تعالى characteristics is what? من غير تشبيه we are not going to resemble Allah with this creation. تشبيه أو تمتيل. We're not going to see Allah's hand. Oh yeah, it's like my hand. Or it looks like that we're not going to say that. Know where we're going to compare it to something. So تشبيه means you see Allah's hand looks like this. That's تشبيه. تمتيل means you compare it to something. We won't do either of that. و من غير تحريف ولا تعطيل. And we're not going to distort it and say or negate it. We're not going to say do you do that. So what do we do? اثبات من غيره. و ازا قاعدة. اثبات بلا. So we do اثبات بلا تمتيل. صح؟ و لا تشبيه. و تنزيه. We negate from him بلا بلا تعطين ولا تحريف. تستقاعدة. We affirm for Allah every characteristics without resembling it or comparing it to any other characteristics. We also negate from Allah without what? Without distorting the meaning or negating it. No. That's very important. نعم. و توحيد الألوهية والعبادة و هو إفراده وحده بأجناس العبادة و أنواعها و إفرادها من غير إشراك به في شيء منها. The Sheikh now is going into توحيد الألوهية. And it's also known as what? عبادة. It just depends on where you look at it from. If you look at the one who is being done for it's what? أولوهية. If you look at the action that's being done it's عبادة. You sing الله هو إفراده it is to sing الله وحده alone بأجناس العبادة. The different types of عبادة و أنواعها و إفرادها each and every one of them. You single him سبحانه و تعالة but how do you do it? How do you do it? You do it with what? بِكَمَالِ الْحُبِ with كَبِلِ الْلَوْ When you're doing it is based on with what? You're doing it out of? You're doing it out of love. And you're also doing it out of تعظيم which love brings تعظيم right?  And the second thing that you're doing with it is what? وَكَمَالُ الْحُبُوِ And you're doing it with complete humiliation for yourself. Pay attention to this. No one can combine for them. There's not a person who you can combine these two for. What is it? Complete love and complete humiliation. Once you do complete love and complete humiliation. For somebody it becomes a what? It becomes shirk. The reason why it becomes shirk is because there's a person who's bullying you in a method. Are you with me?  You know you can't. They're stronger than you. They're more tougher than you. They're backed up. So you do for them what they've asked from you.  Are you doing it with humiliation present? Yes, you're doing it with humiliation. But does that mean you love them while you're doing it? It doesn't.   No, you're nothing. And you're also doing with what? Complete love. Complete what? Complete love. لذلك الشيخ عبدالله الشيخ صالح عبدالله رسيمه سيس وعبادة الرحمن غاية حبه وخضوء إقاصده هما قطبان توتي كمال المحبة with كمال الخضوء You know sometimes we used to say sometimes we used to say كمال with دولي right? That word أجنبي It's a foreign word and we don't find it in the Quran of the Sunnah being used like that. So it's better to use the words that are present in the Quran of the Sunnah. So what's the qulasa that we took from this now? When we say حق الله what does it mean the general meaning? When we say حق الله what does it mean? So it's أولوهية ربوبية ألا سمع سفع Those are the three when we say singling Allah in His Haq. And what was the specific meaning? إفراد الله بلعبادة نعم مع اعتقاد كمال أولوهية فدخل في تحيد ربوبية إثبات القضاء والقدر وأنه ما شاء الله كان وما لم يشاء لم يكن وأنه على كل شيء قدير وأنه الغني الحميد وما سواه فقير إليه من كل وجه This statement that the sheikh رحمه الله he says is very powerful which is that these three types from the توحيد توحيد الربوبية توحيد الأولوهية and توحيد الألوهية ألا سمع ألا سمع ألا سمع These three توحيد it revolves around and it brings you back to a concept which is known as القضاء والقدر Right? القضاء والقدر And that is this statement of his which is taken from إمام أحمد بن حبل إمام أحمد قدر قدرة الله The قدر is what The ability of Allah سبحانه وتعالى That's a statement also taken by أبو الوفاء ابن عقيل أبو العباس ابن تيميا They like the statement of إمام أحمد رحمه الله The reason is because الله تبارك ويتعالى all three of those characteristics among all three of those rights حق الربوبية الحق الألوهية الحق الأسماء والسفات What did it revolve around? الله تبارك ويتعالى has what?  The قضاء and the قدر But there's a difference between the two, right? What's the difference between the قضاء and the? قدر قدر is what is written on the لوح المحفوط That never gets changed The قضاء is what's written with the angel It changes for the angel But as for what's written on the لوح المحفوط it doesn't change So believing in the قضاء and the قدر it goes back to what? It goes back to توحيد الربوبية It goes back to mainly what was توحيد الربوبية نعم ودخل في توحيد الأسماء والسفات إثبات جميع معاني الأسماء الحسنة لله تعالى الواردة في الكتاب وصنة Now he's taking you back to what goes back to what? توحيد الربوبية توحيد الربوبية it goes back to it goes back to one point which is what? وقضاء وقدر What about توحيد الأسماء والسفات it goes back to one point which is what? إثبات جميع معاني الأسماء الحسنة it goes back to one point is to affirm all the meanings that are in Allah's names that's what it means تقعين القرآن and the سنة That's the خلاصة باب الأسماء والسفات it basically means أبين أيضا Allah has many names that he has افهم those names and we know their names of Allah the meaning that are in it they don't always come من دلالة المطابق come from دلالة تضب من دلالة الالتزام right because what does Allah say in the Quran سبحانه وتعالى الله الذي خلق سبع سبعوات ومن الأرض مثل هون يتنزل الأمر بينهون لتعلموا أن الله على كل شيء قدير وأن الله قد أحاط بكل شيء علما كان الله تبارك وتعالى is Allah a creator? does He create سبحانه وتعالى? can you create something if you don't have knowledge of it? can you create something if you don't have the will for it or the ability? so automatically you've affirmed this for Allah just of one the minute you said الله is a creator by default you have to accept Allah it's not knowledge because it let's just hypothetically take these highlighters and examples these highlighters here for me to make this highlighter what do I need? I have to know how to make it right? so I have to know how to make it good what about if I have the knowledge to do it but I don't have the ability I don't have the substance I don't have the stuff to do it I'm not in the right place for it can I do it? do you see my point? so Allah is سبحانه وتعالى the characteristics when you are affirming them some characteristics we take it to the other characteristics you have to accept and Allah mentioned that in the last ayah of Surat Al-Taraq الله قلق سبع سماوات Allah is the one who created the seven heavens you see ومن الأرض المتل here and also the seventh the seven earths Allah created it يتنزل الأمر بين here He is coming down He is coming down واتل الله يتعلموا أن الله على كل شيء على كل شيء قدير الشيء يتخلص على كل شيء كدره و أن الله قد أحاط بكل شيء علما أن أصد لله و كل شيء من خلال عالم فهذا صحب دع قدرا أن أعلم لذلك سوف تقول دلالة المطابق دلالة التضم و دلالة التزام لاتعلم أنك تجد في أن تكون ذلك سوف نحب أكثر سوف نحب بأخذ ما أخبر الانه منتذ و من الشيطاني والله و رسوله سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله أستغفرك واتوب إليه


The end. After more than 15 years of world-leading research, the NNF Centre for Protein Research will shut down. We will continue normal operation till end of 24 and be phased out till end of 26 by which time it will be finally closed. Why? It appears to be for purely non-scientific reasons. There was no evaluation, no invitation for future funding, instead purely a decision to discontinue funding made by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. It is a strategic decision. All future centres should be time limited and mission driven. That's okay, except that NNF will define the missions. I think this is a terrible idea. I think it will have huge negative effects for research in Denmark and it will make it difficult to attract top experts. Will it affect me? What are my plans? Will tools disappear? There are many unknowns at this point. I'll do my best to cover them in future videos.


Luxuries in a combat zone are not easy to come by. Luckily, for the Marines and Sailors at Forward Operating Base No. 8, there is a group of 8th Engineer Support Battalion non-commissioned officers and their Marines to help make their living conditions a bit more comfortable. The 8th ESB Detachment purifies water for the Marines and Sailors at the fob so they can enjoy a shower after a long day of patrolling in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. Finally, the small group of 8th ESB Marines is responsible for all fuel operations on the fob. All the trucks got gear somewhere and the trucks can't get anywhere without fuel. The 8th ESB non-commissioned officers and their Marines continue to ensure life at the fob is as comfortable as possible. Generators are working properly and power much needed assets and that fuel is always readily available. Reporting from Forward Operating Base No. 8, I'm Sergeant John Jackson.


What is going on guys it's your boy dbj here today with another destiny video and in today's destiny video I'm going to be opening 16 Legendary engrams now trying to save 20, but I just haven't got the room in my vault So I've got to decrypt them and I've got to decrypt them now But guys, I hope you enjoyed the video and if you do at the end if you couldn't leave a like I would Appreciate it support, but let's just get straight into this now. I'm going to the quick talk on the reef Hopefully he's more generous than the bitch in the tower But let's just get straight into it now. I've got quite a few and I've collected these from all in chess all them If it's just trying to get them treasure keys. Let's just start right here. Why not? Oh Extra fee morph not bad. What are we gonna get apex harmonic? Okay? Apex really again again. Okay. Oh god. Yes. I'm loving these. I'm loving these I'm just I want to spam them or I want to read what they are Dead like what I've already got that we have Italian grace It looks like it one for their time, but it's actually a wall up. I'm sure that's a crucible one Then we have the apex Harmonica boots and excuse me as well. I'm really really tired I mean, I've been up all night trying to be the level 35 prison of ours when we just completed it It is now 5 a.m. So I'm really really tired What we're gonna get here. I got an exotic lost word. Nice loving Matt Um one one sin for city that will ever seem for city Whatever what else we're gonna get here the five five a all fate.  I have back on buying I don't know why I just have a back on buying it. Let's take a closer look at these weapons and Here we go. Here we go. Okay, so I've got a last word I don't think I've actually ascended to one I have at the moment. So that's that's a good thing Okay, we have the one slash one. That's what we call this bad boy. Oh damn look at the roller muds here We have fully auto we have Small ball. I'm not sure about that. Oh that explosive runs and we have crowd control. That's that's badass. I'm gonna keep that I'm not gonna re-roll it. I'm gonna keep that bad boy. I'm gonna level it up What else did we get? We got the five five a all fate this one looks like it may want a Reforged but spray and play Appended magazine Increased magazine so slow reload and we have hidden hand. It's weapon against better target acquisition. Yeah, I'm gonna re-roll that I'm gonna reroll that What else we got? We got the final rest to which is a dead orbit fusion rifle, I believe Yes, it is and we've got in flinching. We have high caliber run Reinforced barrel and we have army of one. I don't know whether I'm even gonna keep that to be honest I've got so many decent fusion rifles. I don't need a number. Okay, the judgment six We have hot swap ready in this weapon grass a brief period of bonus accuracy. We have fled mag well We have snapshot and we have small ball not too bad And then we have roll your reduces the severity of this weapon's recoil. That's getting a real role. It really is my sock Then we have the Amplified Geo D6 What we got here we got clan cartridge reloading this weapon has a chance to grant a larger than normal magazine not bad Skip rounds. We have high caliber rounds and we have Rifle barrel we then have surplus expect to find more ammo for this weapon And as you can see it just looks sexy really does the vanguard sniper rifle Like I said, it was one I actually held back on buying but yep, I am actually liking a look at that I don't know whether I should I don't think I'd use it for PVP to be honest So I may be all this and see what we get just really want a couple times see what we get. What else did I get? Okay, so we got The sort of escalator and I've already got this and I'm oh no it isn't got this So these are got some great muds hit for you, and we have persistence. We also have old flame Compared to my other one and see how it goes. I don't think my other ones got quite as good mud What does that say on the side of the weapon? It says danger can't read the small print though What do you get armor wise? Okay, so we've got this which I have here 63 and 60 intellect discipline we've got This mantle strap make sure it's the same one. This is don't need that And we've got this right here Italian grace This is a polite that well, let's take a look at it first. Oh, yes.    I'm just gonna call that one more We've got insect 52 and discipline 54 and I get that twice. No one ever. So I'll keep that I've got the apex harmonic twice and these things basically do the same thing No, don't wonders increase real speed with push rifles and the other one does increase real speed with auto rifles Now I use push rifles more plus it's got better intellect and discipline So I may as well get rid of that one and what do you get chest wise? I've got this right here Let's try that bad boy on See what this looks like. Oh, yes. I am loving that. I'm loving that. That's wicked.  Did they get anything for the boots? Yes. I did indeed apex harmonic Cameo ammo for hand cannons.  Oh, yes, actually, I'm looking at the legs I got them legs pretty sick and I got a couple of class items to the same one put that one on this mental that Fire But that is it guys that is what I got from all of my 16 n grams 15 plus n grams Hope you guys enjoyed the video if you did do drop a like or do appreciate the sport also try to ignore my squeaky ass chair My dude, I do need to oil it. I really do because I hope you enjoyed the video do drop a like I do appreciate the support and peace out until next time


All right, welcome to our special edition of SMI meeting. This one is the working group on multi-cluster. And if you haven't yet, please add your name to the attendees list. And the last time we had this agreement in principle that we wanna look into that, we wanna work into that direction. And we stopped short before we like really got into the scoping with the main question. Maybe I should add that reference again, just in case you don't know, that's the issue to 12. And obviously for the benefit of everyone else out there, we wanna any kind of discussions or resolutions agreement, we should also document that issue so that everyone who is watching on that issue, not looking at our Google Apps here, sees where we are. So any question to what we discussed last time, April 7th? Is anyone who has not been in previous call, any questions where we are with this multi-cluster? I'm just catching up with the notes from last meeting. Cool, if you look at April 7th, you should see where we were. So in general consensus, yes, we wanna do that. And today's coping, I think, depending on how far we get, we might be able to do more also, what are the implications in terms of the charter, there might be some housekeeping or whatever to do with CNCF regarding the SMI charter, and then how we proceed in terms of timeline, what do we need to draft, the policy of the POC, et cetera. Yeah, any questions so far? I think that seems great. Let's jump in right away to scoping. What is in scope? That's a really good question. So if you look at the issue 212, it offers a number of opportunities or possibilities, options, and at least from my or with my AWS head on our point of view, it would be really great to support what Nick called heterogeneous workloads or what I just called cross-computed. So think of, you have a monolith running on a virtual machine, you have some functions, you have some managed or not so managed communities, and ideally in either work, we would be able to mesh across these different compute environments. That's at least our point of view. Yeah, thoughts, do other people have other, like I would specifically be interested in if anyone says like no, we should focus only on communities, we should address anything outside of communities. That is I think the core of this discussion. I'm definitely in favor of having it be sort of extensible to non-competitive environments because I think that's also like the use because I'm coming from. So that's my personal interest there. I definitely agree with Astra. In fact, I think it was about a year ago, I opened up a kind of a proposal PR against SMI and Thomas Rampelberg and I kept going back and forth discussing various options to bring in heterogeneous payloads super interested in that as well. Can you share that? That sounds awesome. I am not aware of that too. Yeah, let me pull it up. I've been thinking about it. It's now a closed PR authored by another version of me. It's actually a PR is 67, June 10th, 2020. And I will share it in a second. Now whether PR is the right form to have this kind of a discussion is a separate story but it kind of has a few proposals. Myself, Lockie, Thomas Rampelberg kind of discussing and going back and forth on various options. There's some context there. Well, that's awesome. Thank you very much. That's super helpful. And I think, yeah, the right way to go about this, I think first to have the discussion in terms of scoping and everything. Otherwise, it's a little bit like, here's a PR. Please merge by maybe not doing all we want to do. And to be clear, the PR is just kind of a demo kind of a thought around changes of existing YAML shapes. So. Cool, appreciate it. Any other inputs, statements, positions, thoughts, the scoping issue? And it's interesting, I should comment because we're talking about multicluster and it almost sounds like heterogeneous payloads is slightly orthogonal. And I know we talked about that last time but then if you think really deeply while multicluster perhaps on the one end of the spectrum, it seems like heterogeneous payload is something very different than multicluster. Yet, it might be the exact same thing. So I wonder how folks think about that. Are they the same thing? Are they different? I think they're different. Mostly just because I just want to mess with you. Contrarian, I like it. Yeah. That's how we arrive at truth. Let's make it, yeah, let's make it interesting. I think what you articulated was from my perspective probably spot on that like, yeah, depending upon the angle from which you look at this, like that's an orthogonal but slightly related problem. If you kind of look at it from another angle, it's like, well, we could probably, you know, two birds with one stone kind of a thing and like that it certainly makes it until it's proven that you're gonna have to pick up two stones, maybe we should just pick up one and see if that works. I like it. I hope the stone doesn't become too complex. I also think the same, right? It's different. Your cases. Speaking of, if I may, Sergio does refresh my memory. Does Hamlet account for, so clearly accounts for multicluster on sort of service catalog exchange but heterogeneous workloads? Is that that's accounted for as well in this aspect? Yeah, and that is maybe the reason why Hamlet is more appropriate for heterogeneous workloads rather than for homogeneous workloads, right? Because in Hamlet, the goal was to abstract as much as possible, right? In order to be able to do heterogeneous workloads. But when we go one level down, right? If we double click, let's say we have two platforms, we double click on one of them. For that platform is going to be homogeneous workloads, right? So behind that platform, we may have multiple clusters or single clusters or not even clusters, right? Depending on what the platform is. And for homogeneous platforms, you may want to interchange richer data. Because maybe it is a proprietary platform. And that you may want to do more things than the ones you would do with Hamlet. So I think that objectives may be different. That doesn't mean that Hamlet cannot do multiclustering as well, right? So we have used that internally in VMware to do some POC with multicluster. And the conclusion we reached is that for multicluster, you may want to expose richer endpoints. So you may end up overloading the Hamlet object with a lot of proprietary data as metadata in the protocol, which is still you can do, right? But maybe that's an indication that different kind of object is more appropriate. Cool, thanks for the clarification, it helps a lot. I just realized that I failed to ask new people. So if you're first time on this call or in this working group, please feel free to introduce yourself. I at least don't recognize every name and our face. So you don't have to, but if you want to, first time, if you're the first time around, please do. Sure, I'll go first. My name is Johnson. I just joined the Microsoft Open Service team about two, three weeks ago, three weeks ago, I think. And I'm still learning stuff. And I decided to be more proactive in the SMI project. It's a very noble project, noble goals, trying to unite all of the capabilities of various service meshes that have a standard spec. It's very noble and nice. So yeah, I'm still learning. And hopefully I get to contribute in the future. Awesome. Welcome. Great to meet you. Thanks. You're on mute if you're speaking. You're still on mute, in case I can't hear you. Yeah, we can't hear you, Alan. But I am interested though, Michael, because you put a few other notes about where we take this discussion while Alan sorts out his audio. And I'm curious what you mean by changing the charter. I just looked at like the repo for the spec and it says specification for service meshes that run on Kubernetes. It doesn't say exclusively. So if we were to hedge that, we could just say service meshes, including service meshes that run on Kubernetes. I feel like we haven't, it is definitely, Lee, you're right. It was definitely implied, but like. That's great. I'm not super concerned about feeling limited by what's written in that it already was sort of a. Awesome. I think I can't remember who brought it up. I think it was last time where someone said, we need to look at if our charter actually allows us to do it. And if everyone agrees, fine. I just want to avoid this situation where, at some point in time on TSE level or whatever, someone says like, whoa, what are you folks doing? Like you're not charged to do that, right? So to make sure that we do the homework. If everyone is on the same page saying like, yep, we're absolutely charged to do it, fine. We can cross that off. We can say, yep, the word, you know, SMI says, yeah, we all agree on that we're allowed to do that. Just to make sure that we are in chartered work. Satisfied. Lee, you're unmuting. What are your thoughts there? Yeah, a couple of very positive thoughts actually, that one, when I had asked, so it was Brendan Burns that I'd asked this of a time or two when, you know, a year and a half ago when SMI had come around and I was dismayed by the answer at the time which was like an exclusive focus to Kubernetes. And that's why I'm on this call because I'm a proponent to this discussion. And then I think the other good news to this is that, well, one I would, from my vantage point, I would say that it's that approval from the TOC is not required. And if there's any amount of formality to be done in this regard, that there's a level, there's a step before the TOC, which is SIG network within the CNCF, CNCF SIG network, that this is a forum in which this could be presented and then some amount of rubber stamping can happen. And since I chair that SIG, that's also helpful. I mean, not that it wouldn't be evaluated abstractly and things, but in general, the answer here is that unless there was something really, unless it was like to not work with Kubernetes, like if that was the change of the charter, it would be, I think the sentiment of a few different TOC members would be more like, well, I'm not sure why you're asking it to us, it's like that's more, that's the turf of the project. And so. Awesome. Well, thanks a lot for that. Clearly, that helps definitely. And I don't know unless you feel like we should kind of like escalate that or whatever. I'm perfectly fine with saying like, okay, the SMI members say, yes, we, this is the way how we interpret the charter and we are perfectly fine with, as long as we continue to support communities, obviously that to me, that goes without saying, I think no one suggests to drop that part. It's just really, are we beyond that also allowed to cover other compute environments or whatever? And so it's to me that. I would suggest we have a mechanism for this in that if you wanted to just put a PR or I could make a PR that just changes the language instead of service measures that run on Kubernetes, saying service measures, including those that run on Kubernetes. And then we could get an LGTM from everyone who cares. That sounds awesome. Let's please do that. And also if, I don't know, Lee, if you find it necessary to kind of like surface that towards TUC or like, you know, FYI or whatever. Otherwise we can just, you know, have that PR and see if anyone says, hey, here, major objection. Sounds good to me. Let's do that. Yeah. I think that it is that servicing it within SIG network and to the extent that the TUC liaisons that focus on SIG network, that it's like, to Bridget has like a fair point, which is like, well, technically, technically the language didn't, you know, it doesn't say that it won't work on Mars either. Like, what, you know, what's going on? Like why do we, why is this an issue? Sounds good. Yeah. But I think that doing so, briefly doing so, like actually there's two benefits. One that might be somewhat tangible and it is awareness and solicitation of interest from others. Exactly. Exactly. Exactly. Doesn't cost us anything and it shows the good will that we are not trying to hide anything, right? It's not that we're trying to do something in SIG, but you're spot on, Bridget. We have a process for that and that is PR. And if you kick that off, it would be very clear if there is someone objecting to it or everyone in agreement. Yes, let's do that. Cool. Then we have another 12 minutes if given that we have figured out that part. Again, let's try it.  Are you able to introduce yourself now? Eln, are you able to unmute and say hello? I'm excited. Yes. Now we can hear you. Yeah. I just dropped a message in the chat. I was going to skip. I'm a new member as just like Johnson just joined the open service match team. Yeah. Because I'm a little bit interested in the multi-clustered vertical. So that's why I'm first time joining in the, this meeting and say hi to everyone. Welcome as well. Thank you. Anyone else on the call who is new? Okay. Cool. My name is Sanya. I'm also on the open service match team. I've been here for a bit longer but hadn't made it up to an SMI community call yet. So just wanted to come on here and see what's going on in the community and say hello. That's awesome. That's implicitly almost answering the next question who's going to do the POC for it, right? Kind of like just kidding. Awesome. Anyone else who is new? All right. Well, then let's move on to the next steps in terms of timeline, in terms of, I initially had this in mind where if we have a draft of that and then we have a POC kind of like trying to see how that feels if we implement it or when we implement it. And then obviously the overall timeline, right? Is that something that we want to do within the next couple of weeks? Is that by end of year? Like where are we? Which obviously has to do with, who is volunteering their time to, for different parts for drafting the stuff, the POC, et cetera. Yeah. Any ideas, any volunteers, any suggestions, anything in that direction. Next steps. I'm very happy to work on a POC, but I'm also very happy to not work alone but perhaps collaborate with someone from the community. I have been thinking about multi-cluster obviously for a long time. So one, I wonder if there's a second person that can collaborate on that. So just to be clear, that's great to hear. And just to be clear, I would not necessarily jump directly into a PR, but I would say like really in the way it is kind of common that you have a design document where you talk about, this is the actual scope. This is what we're trying to achieve. Here are some examples of these environments. And then actually fleshing out the design document, that is roughly what I had in mind. Again, this is just a suggestion. I'm not saying that the only way to go about. That matches kind of my thinking as well. In the open service mesh repo, we have one issue which says start a design doc around what multi-cluster may look like. So I would love to kind of leverage that and open it up just broader and then think about what Sergio said, what we've been discussing here kind of, yeah. And I think I'd be happy to work with that as well, if you think it adds value. Absolutely. I think having at least two or three people, like it would be great to have a smaller set of people who actually own that, right? If like 10 people say like, oh, we love to work on it. And then like, no one is responsible, but having like two or three people, maybe two is the right number, to own that design doc, going to say like, this is what we suggest.  Maybe it's something we haven't been thinking about, right? It might be some Raspberry Pi cluster or whatever. I don't know, right? And to answer Pritchett's question, I'm more than happy to provide feedback, to review and provide feedback. So it's great to see Bill and Sergio to co-own that. And again, this is not, like if someone else wants to try a minute and say, yeah, I'm happy to, for example, there might be some work around compliance, right? For example, just saying or test cases or whatever, right? So there's plenty of work to be done, but having two people to volunteer to say, yep, we want to lead this design document. That's already super awesome. That's much more than I was hoping for today. That's great. And yeah, I'm potentially interested in considering the design doc too. Less likely to focus on early proof of concept code writing stuff, but like design doc, certainly that's like within what I'm anticipating like working on from council's perspective anyway. It's like that's kind of like the stage of the project that we're at. Looking at more of like a longer term, something by end of year proof of concept kind of timeline. But yeah, happy to help like scope out the problem early on for sure.  If we set ourselves the goal that we can present the PSE or whatever, or how far we get there, then we have something that we can work towards. We can say, okay, we know this is X months and how long will we spend on the design? How long, you know, maybe even already in parallel start with PSE and potentially different other folks who are not on that call today say like, oh yeah, if there's a design document, I'm happy to, you know, do a test implementation against that or PSE against that. Cool. We have some six minutes left. So any comments, anyone else volunteering with something, any thoughts? It sounds like by this working group meeting that happens again in two weeks, we'll have a regular community meeting next week. It sounds like by two weeks from now, it would be nice if during that meeting, Sergio and Delyan want to give us an overview of what they've started sketching out so far. That would be kind of cool. That's an agenda item for two weeks from now. Sounds awesome. Another agenda item that Michelle had wanted to chat about, but we've run out of time in this meeting, but it would be good to start thinking about it for two weeks from now is identity. Oh yeah. Yeah, we should clearly state, I don't have a strong opinion on it, but we should clearly state in the design document, is that in scope or not, right? So like, okay, we want to tackle that. We want to make sure that it's compatible with other already existing approaches. I don't think that we can resolve it within five minutes, but being able in the design document to say, yes, we're going to tackle that, or here's what we think about it or not, that would be super helpful. And I mean, now you have two weeks time for some, I mean, 20 pages would be enough. That's perfectly fine, right? Don't overdo it, right? Yes, professor. I'm just kidding. I think having a kind of like at least some draft outline to see what goes in there would be super useful depending on what time you can afford for the next two weeks. But yeah. Okay, if I start the doc, Sergio, or do you have another preference? Mike, can I start the doc and share with you too? Use to select channel that's transparent, just assume that not everyone who is interested in is necessary on that call or we'll see that recording. So use to selection, use to mailing this thing, like here's what we intend to do. Here is where you should look, et cetera, et cetera, so that everyone asynchronously has a chance to catch up and contribute. I think there is another important point that this, and then we can already see that in the latest issue that we opened, that was the way we kicked off this conversation is which are the use cases we try to accomplish, right? Because there are different people from different companies with different opinions, different backgrounds, right? And I'm sure because of different company strategy and all these different things, there are going to be different ideas, right? So if we can consolidate all that between all of us and enumerate, at least briefly describe in best cases scenario, which are the use cases and differentiate between them. I mean, not saying that we should have this in two weeks time, right? Because that is gonna require discussion as well. But I think that's maybe some direction we can take before we dig any deeper into any of these use cases. That's a great call. I think if you have that as part of that design document where we then kind of a call for action to the wider as my community saying like, hey, we want your input there, either directly right into that Google Docs or let us know and then we can flesh it out. That's absolutely spot on, yes. Yeah. And then get your rubber stamps from the Do you wanna help with that, Lee? Collection of rubber stamps in all colors. All right, we have two minutes left. Any party words? So thanks a lot for that super discussion. It was really very productive. As I said, I didn't expect it to get that far. Thanks a lot both Dylan and Sergio for leading that and Mike for offering your help there. Any other comments, anything from anyone who hasn't spoken up during the call? Did we miss anything? I'm sure we missed them. Anything you want to add? Anya, Asra, Sniha, Elm, Kanya, yeah. Cool. All right. Well, thank you so much for your time and for all the feedback and input. That was really productive. Thanks a lot. Thank you very much. I look forward to it. Thank you. I'll meet you next week. See you next week. See you next week. Bye now. Bye.


What's up everybody Jason for jazz piece case race calm 2022 tops pristine baseball just sold out This is a four box half case break random teams number one and again guys 30 so spots every gets around team name I'll be all card shift all teams in And here we go dice roll it roll Three and a five eight times. Good luck customer names there eight times one two three four five six seven eight Eight times five three five eight Chad down to David eight times One two three four five six seven eight Doiers down to the Baltimore Orioles three to five eight eight eight Well, what do you know Chad secret Dodgers fan got the Dodgers George with the Padres Michael the Angels as well as the Cubs Eric with the Mets Kev with the Pirates Jeff with the Giants Eric with the Rangers Ryan with the twins Michael the Blue Jays Jeff with the Red Sox Ryan with the Brewers David with the Rays Michael the White Sox Jeff with the Rockies Carl the brave Steve Burch with the Seattle Mariners Kevin with the A's Jeff with the Diamondbacks Karen with the Phillies Lee Uh Lee with the Guardians Carl the Royals Steve with the Tigers Stephen Kendrick with the Marlins Shay with the Yankees Jeff with the Red Steve Burch with the Astros Carl the Cardinals Ryan Stewart with the Nationals and David the Orioles All right. There you go. That's trade window open. No one's a Dodgers because you have them. That's why All right, we're gonna close that Chad So you're a big bully your rumors spreader Everyone's just intimidated to trade with you All right, one two three on the left four five six on the right. Let's quickly generate a little dice for over here Yeah, you are Chad All right, here we go to So one two three on the left So these four here be for a future break Oregon Georgia a Week away Chad, you know watch it with me or what? We'll watch it together. You'll probably have a happy day. It's okay I'm taking Oregon plus 17 and a half try coach Dan Who are the Huskies open up with I think it's next Saturday.  Okay mission this day is cool. Ty Thompson. I Think Bo Nicks is gonna be starting for Oregon, but It doesn't work out Thompson will be coming in. Oh, that's good luck first box We got a pristine boarders Francisco Lindore. That's number to 50. All right, we do go Joe Ryan to 25 We got a now Mason Thompson purple for the Nationals to 99 Joe Carter for the blue J's and LK line for Detroit. So Joe Carter for the blue J's Toronto is Mike. All right, here we go guys jaren diran rookie autograph there for Boston Boston Red Sox That is Jeff JT Ramuto for the Phillies to 50 Phillies is Karen Steele Connor Wong for Boston, it's another one there for Jeff and Alex Kearlaw for the Minnesota Twins Minnesota that is going to Ryan Ozzie Smith, you're a wizard Ozzie to 75. That's st. Louis Cardinals Carl and Christy Matheson That's New York Giants going to the San Francisco Giants Jeff Bop bop bop bop bop bop bop bop bop Face parts here. All right, here we go first or second box. No, sorry And that's a pristine boarders there Miguel Cabrera for the Detroit Tigers Troy Tigers is Steve Bursa's number to 50 Showtime not numbered bedroom on number Mookie power producers Without Bruhan and a little Jared Kelley. Alright, let's see the refractors now Now, first one is Clay and Kershaw for the Dodgers. 84 out of 99, that's gonna have Chad. Brian DeLaCruz for Miami. Marlon's going to Stephen Kendrick at a reserve. Our first one was like a huge patch, I think. It's an orange, looks like a pitcher. It's Walker Bueller, 14 out of 25. On the board with a hit Chad, there you go. Ichiro, that is an orange. Orange Ichiro, 24 out of 25. Steve Birch with the Mariners. Very nice. Gold, Adam Frazier to 50. Yanni Hernandez, that's a pink to 15.  I think they stick it in twice. Konseco to the Oakland Athletics, that's going to Kevin Benedict. Joey Gallo was actually hitting really well for the Dodgers. Yankee, that's Che. And a Ricky Hederson blue to 75. Very nice. I know Chad. Nice, good to nothing, and then I still did it. Ooh, another thick patch.  Or maybe not actually, maybe just a regular patch. Didn't Jimmy do well though last night? I think he got a lot of hits, didn't he?  And it's back to breaking on Sunday through Thursday. Oh, was he hitting in fillers? Gotcha. Yeah, when you hit in fillers, man, it's a great day. Oh, it's still got in at least. Randy Orozirania. Gold Trevor Story. Colorado Rockies win to Jeff. Jose Ramirez to 99 for Cleveland. Lead with that one. All right, here we go. First hit here. Alex Verdugo for the Boston Red Sox. Go to Jeff. Showtime, Shohei Otani. Pure power, nice half case right here. Michael P with the Angels. JT Romuto, Fergie Jenkins, gold to 50. We had a Hank Aaron for the Braves. And Jake Berger, Mike with the White Sox. Rookie autograph. Last one here is a blue Kettle Mortay. Last box here, guys. Good luck. Got something there. Happy birthday, PCs. Thank you, appreciate it. All right, guys, here we go. Last box here. Oh my God, did you guys see that? They're showing it right now. Did you guys see that Yankees fan that made a hole through his hot dog? And then put it in his beer and used it as a straw? Like a glizzy? That is glizzy? Oh man, also that Andy Reid impersonator looked exactly like Andy Reid. Oh my God. Here we are, Nays. That's a wild share there, Kevin. I mean, I get it. People eat hot dogs in beer all the time, but. That was very interesting. A-Rod, Texas edition. $2.99. Francisco and Dorn, the 25.  Kepler, $2.99. Bellinger and Maddox, refractors. All right, here we go, guys. First one, Andrew Jones. Little Jersey autograph for the Braves. Lana Braves, Carl with that one. Miguel Tejeda, or Tejada. That is for the Oakland A's, which is Kevin. Ronald O'Connor Jr., Nathan Evoldi, and Key Brian Hayes for the Pirates. Pittsburgh Pirates going to Kevin. Louise Gill. Last one here is a Jesse Winker. Number to 50. And there you go, folks, that was the break. Nice Ichiro, nice Shohei, some nice stuff coming out of Pristine, guys. And again, as I mentioned before, guys, you guys are now part of the promo as well, so I'm gonna copy and paste your guys' names here on this promo list. Let's put this down to 100. So Pristine Baseball was another break. So basically, guys, we're just impeccable spots in a filler way, and then fanatic spots in a filler way from signing off this promo, and we can give away 3500 bucks.   It could easily just go away. So there's that, and then let me just copy your guys' names here. This was 2022 Pristine Baseball 4 bucks, RT number one. So I appreciate you guys, jazbeasecasebrakes.com.


OK, so thanks a lot for the introduction. So this talk, well, as one just said, it's about virtual multi-party state channels. Actually, so most of the credit should belong to Christina. She was supposed to give the talk, but unfortunately she got sick. So some large part of the slides are from her also. So let me start with a short introduction. What are blockchains? Because this is a blockchain session. So blockchains are essentially a decentralized data structure for storing transaction, as you probably all know. So they are like kind of miners that maintain the blockchain. They process the transactions. And they integrate new transaction into blocks. So there are different types of transactions that have been proposed or that are used in the literature. So one famous example is Bitcoin. Bitcoin uses transactions for payments. So for example, if I want to send some money to Ivan over there, then I can do this via Bitcoin, sending Bitcoin payment transaction. But transactions can also be used for many other things, for much more complicated applications. And one prominent example is the cryptocurrency Ethereum. And there are also many other cryptocurrencies that support transactions for something more complicated than just payments, namely for smart contracts. So smart contracts are essentially programmable money. So we have some kind of program that is deployed on the ledger. For example, it could be some chess game, could be some other program that you can think of. The parties deploy this contract code on the ledger. They also deploy some or send some coins to the contract. So these coins are shown here with this one. And then once they have deployed this contract, maybe some chess contract in this case, then they can interact with this contract by sending transactions to the contract. And this initiates some kind of execution of the contract. For example, this could be a function call making the next move in the contract. And this can be many executions of the program. And at the end, at some point, maybe Alice wins the game. So she finalized the contract and she gets back the money that she won. So why do we need a blockchain for a smart contract? Essentially, what the blockchain guarantees is that we are guaranteed that the contract is executed in a fair way and also we have guaranteed termination. So what does it mean termination? Essentially, there's no way, like in this situation, for example, Bob may be inclined to stop the execution such that Alice cannot win the money, but he cannot do this because of the guarantees of the blockchain. As you probably all know, there are many challenges in blockchain technology, but one important one from a technical point of view is scalability. So if more and more people want to use the blockchain, so they send more transactions to the ledger to run some decentralized complicated application, the blockchain gets congestion. For example, in Ethereum, blocks are created all 10 seconds. Every 10 seconds, the new blocks are created. This results in a relatively slow execution. So for a chess game, maybe it's still fine 10 seconds because you probably anyway need longer to think about what is your next move, but for other contracts, 10 seconds could be way too slow. Another problem is also that there can only be a limited number of transactions be processed in such a block. And since many people compete for integrating transactions into a block, this results into high fees. The one solution to address these problems are so-called off-chain protocols, which is also the topic of this talk. In this off-chain protocols, we kind of like we want to limit the amount of usage of the blockchain. The blockchain is somehow this trusted component. It's slow and expensive, and we want to use it as little as possible. So the users essentially carry out the contract execution directly between each other, and only in case there's some dispute, some disagreement, then they go to the blockchain and resolve this. So this is called usually dispute process, and the blockchain is kind of takes the role of a judge. So this has been quite, the off-chain protocols have been quite hot topic in particular in the cryptocurrency community, because it's one of the main technical challenges improving the scalability. So there are many different proposals. For this talk, most important are the channels, so payment channels, state channels, channel networks, and so on. I will explain some of them in a moment. Initiated this channels or payment channels were initiated by the work of Decker and Wattenhofer, and there were some important extensions by Poon and Dreyer, who proposed this lightning network. Probably some of you have thought about it, which is a payment channel network over Bitcoin. And there are many more informal publications and also many academic publications. For us, most important is the peer-run protocols, which are essentially state channel networks. And in these works, they introduce essentially two types of channels, so-called ledger state channels and virtual state channels, which I want to take a look in a moment now. So the ledger state channels are essentially executed between two parties, Alice and Bob. They have three phases. In the first phase, we create the contract on the ledger. So Alice and Bob, they send some kind of transaction to the blockchain to deploy the contract code, the channel contract. They also lock some money in this contract, like one coin and one coin. And this results into this blue arrow here, which represents then the off-chain channel. Now, once they have created this channel, they can now execute contracts in this channel. So this is now taking care of chain, so without interaction with the blockchain. So that means it can go very fast and it's very cheap. And at technical level, this kind of exchange here is done by what we call signed versions of the state. So the party locally computes the next state of the contract, signs it, sends it to the other party. The other party verifies it, signs it, and sends it back. And you can repeat this many times. The version number here represents a state counter. At some point, maybe Alice wins, and then she can go to the blockchain and close it. So at that point, again, we have to go interact with the blockchain, which is expensive and slow. And there's another important process here, which is called a dispute. So at some point, when parties disagree, then they can go to the blockchain and resolve their dispute. So that is also the case why this has to be on chain. So the main contribution of this work of DFH-18 was the introduction of virtual state channels. So what are virtual state channels? So imagine we have the following situation, Alice Ingrid Bob. They are connected by ledger state channels, each of them. And now Alice decides to play with Bob. So what she can do, of course, is use this technique that we just talked about. So create a new ledger state channel. That is, of course, costly, because you need to deploy this channel contract on the blockchain. And also for closing, it will be costly. So alternatively, we can use these two underlying ledger state channels as a two-party blockchain. We can run any contract here and any contract here. So the parties can deploy what is called a virtual channel contract in these two ledger state channels. And then create this virtual state channel. The good thing is that this is creation closing can be done off-chain without any communication with the ledger. So this is then fast and cheap. So in this work, they also extended this to allow longer state channels, those called state channel networks. So if, for example, party 1 wants to communicate with party n, then they can recursively create these virtual state channels until party 1 has reached party n. So this is where our work starts. So there are several limitations of this work. The first one is that if there is a conflict in this channel, so these two parties here and these channels disagree, then they have to go to the blockchain, they have to run this dispute, and this takes time off n. And it's linear in the number of parties that are intermediaries. This is something what we don't want usually. The second limitation, which is probably the more important limitation, is that in the original work, there were only support for two-party contracts. So if you want to run a poker game with more than two parties off chain, then you cannot use this construction. So we resolve these problems. So we construct a new channel protocol that has a dispute time of o of 1 by using what is called direct disputes. Then we also introduce, and this is probably a main contribution, multi-party state channels so that allowed to run multiple parties, multiple contracts with multiple parties off chain. Then we have an extensive universal composability modeling of all these primitives. So in this talk, we mainly focus on these two parts and give very high-level overview. The protocols are very technical, so I would recommend to you to look into the paper for more details. So what are direct disputes? So let's take first a look how the disputes are handled in the virtual state channels of the FH-18. So we have these two parties, Alice and Bob. They have this contract here as executed, and then at some point it turns out that Bob is not responding to the requests of Alice. So now this could be just before the last move. So how can Alice now resolve her conflict? In the original construction, it was done like this. She contacts the intermediary, so goes to an intermediary ingrid, tries to resolve the conflict with ingrid. So she sends some messages to her. Then she, of course, doesn't know what is the current state off-chain in the channels, so she contacts Bob. If Bob also is not responding, then also this contract goes here into dispute, so this channel contract that was deployed in the underlying ledger state channel. And then she will go to the blockchain because this is distrusted, as I mentioned in the beginning, distrusted last resort on which we can always rely for termination, for execution. So there she can finally execute it, and then resolve the conflict in this channel here. So like now this was for just one intermediary. Now, of course, we can have several other intermediaries, and it turns out that this kind of process grows linear with the number of intermediaries. So what we do instead is, well, kind of simple. Essentially, when Bob is not responding, then we will use what is called a direct or like a dispute board contract. So the party will, instead of talking to the intermediary, they will directly go to the blockchain, send the latest state, this signed version number state to this dispute contract. The dispute contract goes in a waiting state to give also Bob some time to react. Bob can then send his latest state, and then the contract will decide what is the latest state, and settle the dispute. And from then on, Alice can continue executing on-chain. So as you can see now, in this case, you don't need to talk always all these intermediaries. We can directly go to the blockchain, and we can resolve conflicts in a time of one. Of course, there's several technicalities that you need to solve. Now, like for example, Ingrid is not aware what was happening in the dispute, so she needs to kind of, when there's the closing of this channel, she needs to take the latest state from here to have it reflected in her underlying ledger state channels. But this can be taken care of with our protocol. So now we go to the main contribution, well, the main contribution of our work, which are the construction of virtual multi-party state channels. So the goal essentially is now we have a scan in network topology, Alice is connected to Ingrid, Ingrid is connected to Bob, they're connected by these two ledger state channels. And now they wanna, for example, play three player poker over this kind of network. So what can they do? Well, first I can ignore, of course, these channels and open a ledger multi-party, so ledger MP state channel, by deploying a contract directly on the ledger. So this was proposed in the work of Andrew Miller and some other people, it's called Sprites Network, and it's actually used, I think, in Ethereum for the RAID network. So what they do is say, yeah, so the problem of this approach, of course, is that creation and closing is slow because we need to interact with the ledger. So what we introduce in this work are so-called virtual MP state channels, which use these existing underlying ledger state channels to build the virtual multi-party state channels. So at a technical level, it works like this, that essentially the parties here deploy a virtual multi-party channel contract in this ledger state channel here and another one in this channel here, and this contract will take care in case of disputes to resolve conflicts. The good thing with this is that creation and closing is again fast because we don't need to go to the blockchain, at least in the optimistic case, we just talk to the parties, just talk to each other without interacting with the blockchain. But so let me now have a closer look at how this is actually done. So we take a look at the poker game where each of these parties, so there are three parties, one to play maybe poker against each other. So again, similar to what's happening for ledger state channels or also virtual state channels, we have three phases. In the first phase, we create this virtual MP state channel over these two ledger state channels by deploying these contracts in these ledger state channels. So this happens completely off-chain. Once the channel is established, this happens like they execute some signatures and so on and do some communication. Once this happens, then they can load a contract into this channel. They can also lock some coins in this channel, like in this case, each party locks one coin into the poker contract and then they can execute this. So they can run this for multiple rounds. At some point, maybe Alice will win. So she wins all the coins here, other parties lost. And then in the last step, when they don't want to use anymore this channel, then they can close it. And the closing is essentially reflected in the underlying channels. So now we have to somehow make sure that Alice, since Alice won the three coins in this multi-party state channels and Ingrid lost coins here and Bob lost also coins here. This has to be reflected in the underlying ledger state channels. So how does this happen? Essentially, the contract here, this will take care of during the closing procedure that Alice wins two coins here. So in this channel, she gains two coins because originally she deposited one coin and two coins she wins by winning the game. Then of course, because of the fact that you cannot create money out of thin air, so we need to like have that Ingrid loses two coins on that side. Now the problem is of course that Ingrid now lost more money here than what she was supposed to lose in this contract because originally she only lost one coin. And how do we do this then? We do this that essentially here she is compensated. So here she gets one coin plus and Bob has to compensate in Ingrid for this. So this is how the ideal functionality kind of like what it guarantees. And then guaranteeing this is of course complicated because they are like, this is like the simple case just with three parties but it's extended to multiple parties as well. So in the end, as you can see overall Ingrid and Bob each lose one coin even though of course Ingrid is here more in the negative than here she is in the plus. As I said, this can be extended to more complex networks. So for example, consider the situation when Alice, Bob, Dave and Emma want to open a virtual multi-party state channel. What they can do in this case is and Ingrid doesn't want to participate so she is not interested, then they can cut out Ingrid by opening a virtual two-party state channel over Ingrid so they open this two-party virtual state channel over her by deploying these contracts. And once now all parties are again directly connected by two-party channels, they can open a virtual multi-party state channel by deploying these virtual multi-party contracts or virtual multi-party channel contracts in the underlying channels. So there are many challenges. One particular challenge in designing this protocol is concurrent execution. So we want that everything can happen at the same time and there's no restriction on the ordering of messages. So what can happen, for example, in such a case is that all parties want to, because they're independent participants, they all start to execute the protocol at the same time. So maybe they all make a move in a game at this exactly in the same time. And now we somehow have to take care about the ordering of this execution. This is similar to what happens in Bitcoin where also like in any blockchain system where the miners take care of the ordering of the transactions. So by processing one transaction first, they also take care of this ordering. So what we can do is, a naive approach is to give each of these parties a slot, separate slot for execution when it's her turn for execution. And if it's not her slot for execution, she is not allowed to do this execution. So if she tries to execute, we just reject. But this results for large channels in a round complexity of ON. So we have a more clever protocol, which is a four-round protocol in the optimistic case, and it uses in the pessimistic case, the ledger. So if there's some disagreement, then we go again to the ledger, but in the optimistic case, we can be very fast. So there are many more challenges that we have to address to make this whole protocol work, in particular because we want to support full concurrency not only of one contract, but in the virtual state channels, we can run like an arbitrary number of contracts in parallel. So we also support arbitrary network topology. So any kind of topology you can build over multi-party state channels and so on. With the UC modeling, we allow that you can combine multi-party channels with two-party channels and two-party channels can have direct dispute or indirect dispute, so you can combine these kind of channels in an arbitrary way to have some arbitrary complex network topology. And we have to deal with some UC technicalities, in particular with the fact that the joint state, that ideal functionalities have some joint state. So let me summarize our contribution. We introduced the technique of direct disputes for visual state channels. We also introduced the first construction of multi-party, virtual multi-party state channels for any network topology. All protocols have round complexity of all of one in the optimistic case, of course. There's interaction sometimes with the blockchain needed, but in the optimistic case, there's no interaction with the blockchain. One main open question that remains is that the virtual multi-party channels that we considered, they have this direct dispute that we built and it would be interesting to have them also with indirect dispute where you go layer by layer and contacting your intermediary first to resolve the conflicts, which has the advantage that in a dispute, you don't need to directly go to the ledger. You first have some kind of layer of defense which can help you to resolve conflicts before you actually go to a ledger to resolve the conflict. So thanks a lot for your intention. Also, we are hiring at the Peru network. We are implementing this protocols. So if you're interested in working on this kind of topic, please let me and Stefan know for implementation questions or anything. Thanks. Any questions for Sebastian? Thank you for your nice presentation. I just had one question about security of this lightning network. As recently, they have been shown that they are privacy attacks on this lightning network because of using fixed, let's say R as a, I mean key between each other. Just I wanted to say that, okay, your system is also secure again, it or it is, you are using the fixed R between all parties. Okay, so we don't use any fixed, so this what you are referencing to is called like the test time log transactions. So where you essentially have a pre-image, you have to reveal to make the transfer happening. In our case, we have some kind of privacy for free because, to some extent at least, because like in this virtual state channels, if you look into this situation, well, I'm here. So, yeah, you see here, like once this virtual state channel is established, this interaction is happening without the intermediary involved. So she does not really know, for example, that these two parties now deploy a chess contract, okay? Or they do some payments. So this is kind of oblivious. So there's not like in the lightning network, it's like this, I send something to you, you send it to him and he send it to blah and so on. So in this case, you will have the situation that of course intermediaries can try to learn something. Here, like the routing is happening directly. So we once build it and then we send everything over this. So what happens exactly in this channel, the intermediaries don't know, of course, unless there's a dispute between us, but in this case, one of us is corrupt and then there's no privacy anymore. What's the guarantee that one of these active channels will not be closed before the other ones? I mean, you have several active channels between nodes. Well, it is what the protocol takes care of. I mean, the protocol has carefully designed to make sure that it's not happening, that this channel is essentially closing before this channel is expired. Essentially what we do it, each of these channels, how we do it is each of these channels has an expiry date, okay, so it's called like validity and the validity time here is lower than the validity time for the underlying channels. So you can make sure. So we have to almost move on. I guess one short question is that, so you say like this is all kind of you say, as you example using Ethereum, like do you think you may take more advantage of like the Turing completeness or the expressiveness of Ethereum or the fact that it has a sort of more stateful model or like what would, could you deploy this in a currency like Ethereum or a model like Bitcoin? For sure, I like it. Or a transactional model, yeah? Well, I think you could potentially also deploy it in transactional, like in Bitcoin like currencies, but not, I mean, not in Bitcoin directly because you need like, for example, kind of the state what you describe, which is not really there in Bitcoin with this version number. So all of this works, like not with this hash time lock transactions, but works with this signed version number.  Next time when you compute something, you put a higher version number there, you sign it, send it to the other party. And this is essentially how this works. And for this, you need somehow that you can like, in a contract can have some kind of state. So I send something there, the contract figures out, okay, maybe this version number seven, the other party sends something there. And then, so it has to remember that the state was seven. If Bitcoin supports something like this, then I think we can also integrate this into Bitcoin. But currently it's not possible. But it really needs like very limited, like scripting functionality, not like some kind of heavy stuff. Of course, if you talk about state channels, then the underlying currency has to be sufficient to anyway deploy contracts, otherwise it's not possible. All right, let's, thanks for watching again.


Greetings and salutations my esteemed subscribers I recently issued a wild hunn challenge in honor of mars but Nurgle the kills god of the seas spread the Wuhan virus and closed basically all Martial arts clubs, so we couldn't really do that particular challenge. So I thought we could launch another month of Wild Hunt Challenge and May as in Mayhem I always have the highest motivation in May because it's the almost summer you want to get in good shape for summer and I've always associated May with high intensity high thumos and you know getting prepared getting shredded for summer now I haven't caught in a few years but I will actually do so this year so I can post physique and reach more normies and the red pill them and lighten them and get them to take the glorious pill now before I begin to elaborate on the cut at hand the challenge at hand I would like to say that you can head on to legugloria.com and sign up for our newsletter we do have a launch coming later in the week and it's also a measure of antifragility on my part to have a newsletter in case something should happen here on YouTube so if you're interested mainly in the clothing check it out and sign up for the newsletter of course if you check out all my links in the description will find my telegram and other social media now also a last note on all orders be it about a book or clothing there has been severe delays especially to the US Canada and Australia so just a heads up so you know what's going on now on to the challenge at hand I won't issue any particular training goals for you to reach because I don't know who can go to the gym who has access to what equipment etc so you can you say to yourself that you should try to train something every day for everyone who has followed me on patreon and subscribe star via the physique manifestorum you know I have trained quite a bit of shoulders as of late and also neck so you can see my toad like neck gains my goal is to transform into a slain mage this is what a slain mage looks like it all warhammer brass knows what I'm talking about so I will attain ultimate magic powers to deal with a corrupt regime of Sweden so anyway this is also something I thought to mention that is the glorious pillow mentality and the wild hunt mentality is that you know I couldn't train in any martial arts clubs I couldn't train in a regular gym because I wanted to stay safe from Nurgles Wuhan virus so I had to train at home but you know I learned quite a bit new things I've been at this for ten years I've been coaching for about seven years but you can always learn new things and when you're being put in a position where the only option for you is to learn yeah then then you can see growth so for me I have been very happy with them you know the progress I've seen learning new exercises feelings on good gains both muscle gains and strength gains I thought it was well past that stage but then it was a blessing in disguise and this is also something you should think about if you are you know being completely thrown off your regular routine make the most of the situation learn new things now I have learned plenty of things I can do without the gym so even if I am you know able to go to the gym you know there isn't any pandemic going on but for whatever reason I want to train something else yeah I can do so because now I've learned so basically the training aspect you can just try to train something every day it can be high intensity interval training in the forest if you can go out or something indoors it's up to you but since I named this title let's get shredded I haven't actually decided on what to call the challenge but something of the sort we want to get a bit leaner for summer we don't only want to do it because of aesthetics we also want to do it because of health reasons there is a study showing increased health markers in even healthy individuals when they cut for a while and by cut I mean decreased calories over an extended over an extended period of time you shouldn't cut year-round but you know cutting every once in a while can be a good idea both for your mental well-being you get the autophagy if you fast you get increased health markers by just reducing the calories and of course yeah the aesthetic reason as well so there is a lot of different things that work as one and you know we have a holistic view of training and nutrition on this channel one thing works in favor of another thing this also goes into politics by the way you know I want to get guys to post-psych and go to the gym that way they will also adhere to enlightened political thinking but anyway on to the points at hand this also depends on how much fat you have if you have quite a bit of fat I have three different things you can definitely adhere to first and foremost is to not drink any calories because if you drink calories it it has a tendency to you know skyrocket the calories because it doesn't really satiate that well the opposite is true if you are skinny you try to put on some mass you want to drink more calories because it's easy calories to get into to your system second thing go on a walk every day I do so now as well because I go with the princess out for a walk for about an hour you can listen to some podcasts you can listen to curry bean rhythms or history of Rome or whichever podcast you want third thing is to do intermittent fasting so that means you eat lunch another meal and then dinner then you don't eat anything else I technically do not do intermittent fasting right now because I have my butter and coconut oil coffee in the morning I might cut it out later in the summer if I want to get even more shredded I will see time will tell but I would definitely issue the following recommendation for this challenge so here's the first commandment in this challenge no more eating after dinner and I know this is a hard thing for many guys to do you know what it's nice to eat you want something sweet or something savory if you watch a series or if you watch YouTube you want to comfort it in the sofa it's an understandable thing but first step is to not eat anything after dinner so have a clear discipline structure that you eat dinner you can brush your teeth that makes it easier to withstand any temptations so that is the first thing no meals after dinner if you have a regular routine that is then of course you can also go directly to intermittent fasting then you don't eat after dinner anyway but some guys like to eat breakfast if you train earlier in the day it can be recommended to eat breakfast but that's the first thing at least the second point of this challenge is to cut out all sugar and when I mean sugar I mean sugary things so I don't mean that you can't eat fruit and drink milk I still eat fruit and drink milk but what I mean is pastries sweets ice cream all of these sort of things it gets easier to maintain a good diet when you cut out sugar even if you have the same level of caloric intake you know the key to weight loss is calories in versus calories out but you can make it harder for yourself or you can make it easier for yourself for me I want to make it as easy as possible for myself then I know if I cut out all sugar everything gets easier because I have more stable energy levels I'm not as hungry so those are the two main rules so no eating after dinner and no added sugar then also as is always the case with any wild hunt challenge you have to abstain from any sort of degenerate behavior so if you're still addicted to porn for whatever reason that has to go it's totally incongruent with the glorious pill mentality with a wild hunt mentality to fat to porn you know only animals in captivity or humans in captivity they masturbate to porn or masturbate so we are free men here in this culture we build we want to be free men we don't want the shackles of pornography so throw that away if you have some other sort of addiction now it's the best time to cast it off then of course also as I always say you should read a book you can read two books for me personally one of the highest luxuries in life is a sit in the sun with a good book is reading taking it easy a true luxury indeed so anyway that is the wild hunt challenge of May and I hope you all take it to heart and that it improves your life in a good way so thank you for watching XOXO boom


You know that Teams is the place to share conversations and files, but what about emails? Today I'm going to show you how to include email messages in your Teams conversations. First, find the team you want to share an email with, then decide which channel the email will go to. Right-click on the channel and then select Get Email Address. And press the Copy button to add the email address to your clipboard. Every channel has its own email address, so make sure you've chosen the right one. Open Outlook and find the message, or create a new message you would like added into your Teams channel. Then paste the copied email address into the To field and click Send. It will take between 15 to 30 seconds for the message to appear, but once it arrives you can choose to read the email in Teams by clicking See More. You can download the original email to open in an Outlook or click on the attachment to view and download it. Please note that the Reply button is only to respond to the messages in Teams. It does not generate a new email to the sender. Outlook will remember the email address once you send it. If you have two or more Teams that use the same channel name, you will know the difference by seeing the channel name on the left side and the team name on the right side. I'm Steve with the Protected Trust Training Department, and we'll see you next time.