Good evening aspirants, welcome to the Hindi news analysis by Shankar Eise academy. Displayed are the news articles chosen for today's analysis along with the page numbers of Chennai, Bengaluru, Delhi and Tiruvannapuram Medicines. The link for the handwritten notes in the PDF format and the time snapping for the displayed articles is provided in the description box below. And for the benefit of smartphone users, the time snapping is also provided in the comments section. Let's move on to the first article discussion. This article discussion is about the UNH. The discussion can be linked to the highlighted areas in the prelims and main syllabus which has been provided for your reference. The author of this editorial is a former health secretary of Government of India. The author discusses about the fate of UNH. First know that the joint United Nations program on HIV or AIDS is commonly known as UNH. It was launched in the year 1996 to strengthen the way in which the UN was responding to AIDS. It brings together the experience and expertise of 11 United Nations system co-sponsored. They are United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, then United Nations Children's Fund, then World Bank, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, then United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women which is known as UN Women and then United Nations Development Program, then United Nations Populations Fund which in short is known as UNFPA and then World Health Organization, then World Food Program, then United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and then finally International Labor Organization. Now also know that UNH AIDS is the only United Nations entity that has representation of civil society in its governing body. This UNH AIDS is a problem solver. It places people living with HIV and people affected by the virus at the decision making table and it also places them at the center of designing, delivering and monitoring of the AIDS response. It charts or tabulates paths for countries and communities to end AIDS. UNH AIDS provides the strategic direction, advocacy and coordination and technical support. These supports are needed to catalyze and connect leadership from governments, private sector and communities to deliver the life-saving HIV services. Division of UNH AIDS is to achieve zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS related deaths and also achieving the principle of leaving no one behind. Currently UNH AIDS is working towards ensuring that by 2020 30 million people should have access to treatment through meeting the 1990-90 targets. So what is this 1990-90 targets? It is 90% of people living with HIV should know their HIV status. Then 90% of people who know their HIV positive status are accessing treatment and then 90% of people on treatment have suppressed viral loads that is their virus should have been suppressed. Now coming to the editorial discussion, the author says that this joint United Nations program on AIDS is facing one of the worst challenges. The challenge is afflicting or it is bothering the global AIDS response. This is because the UNH AIDS is facing an existential threat as many are questioning the relevance of UNH AIDS for the global response on AIDS. This is because before 1996 AIDS belonged to the World Health Organization. The author states that there are suggestions that AIDS should go back to the World Health Organization where it originally belonged and the UNH AIDS should be dissolved. Now in this editorial the author has mentioned that in 1994 UNH AIDS was established. And earlier we saw that UNH AIDS was launched in 1996. Don't get confused it is because the UN organization and the Economic and Social Council that is ECOSOC of the United Nations endorsed or declared the establishment of UNH AIDS in 1994 through a resolution that is what the author is mentioning. But it was officially launched in 1996 only. Then the author notes that UNH AIDS has been able to successfully mobilize that is it prepared and organized the world opinion on HIV AIDS. This mobilization resulted in an exceptional response to the HIV AIDS epidemic. Epidemic means a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. We are saying as HIV AIDS epidemic because 35 million people have died from AIDS related illness so far. And still no effective treatment or cure is available nor has such treatment or cure have been invented so far for HIV AIDS. But the United Nations and the global communities have taken many steps to eliminate HIV and AIDS. One such effort by United Nations was the political resolution or declaration which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly special session in which is in short known as UNGAS. This political declaration was adopted in the year 2001 because in 2001 AIDS posed a global threat to health economies and security of the nations which resulted in the adoption of the first declaration of commitment on HIV AIDS global crisis global action. This declaration consolidated the global AIDS community behind a series of clearly defined commitments for the following five years that is from 2001. The author says this declaration was a game changer as the declaration contained main priorities such as to ensure that people everywhere particularly young people everywhere to know what to do to avoid the HIV AIDS infection. Then to stop all forms of HIV transmission from mother to child then another priority was to provide treatment to all who are infected etc. This political declaration helped to have a global response on HIV AIDS from the member nations. The next effort by the global communities was the creation of a global fund to fight AIDS tuberculosis and malaria which in short is known as GFATM and it was created in the year 2002. It is a partnership of governments civil society, technical agencies, the private sector and the people affected by the diseases of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. It raises world's money, manages world's money and invests this world's money to respond to the three of the deadliest infectious diseases which the world has ever known. The mission of the global fund is to invest the world's money to defeat these three diseases. So, the global fund pools or accumulates world's resources. The world's resources are then strategically invested in programs that aim to end AIDS TB and malaria as epidemics. Then in 2001 to tackle HIV AIDS Indian generics that is Indian drug companies have slashed or greatly reduced the prices of AIDS drugs. This has enabled many countries to afford the HIV AIDS treatment. Because of the above mentioned efforts today some 22 million people are under antiretroviral therapy. We know that a standard antiretroviral therapy consists of the combination of at least three antiretroviral drugs. This is to suppress the HIV virus to a maximum level and stop the progression of HIV disease. As 22 million people are under antiretroviral therapy so the author says preventing the mother to child transmission of HIV has become an achievable goal by 2020. This is because UN AIDS is working with countries to meet the commitments which are enshrined in the 2016 United Nations political declaration on ending AIDS. Under the political declaration commitments one commitment was to eliminate HIV infections among children by 2020. This shows that the organization has provided leadership to many countries in tackling the epidemic. This leadership has helped the countries from 2001 to 2010 to halt or to stop the epidemic and also to reverse the trend. That is the countries are successfully preventing the spread of the infection. Now you may think UN AIDS is providing such a good leadership then why people are suggesting to give AIDS global response back to WHO. This is because at a time when the UN AIDS should be leading the global response to end AIDS as a public health threat rather than that the organization started to stumble in the strategy formation itself. Firstly, the organization gave an optimistic message that the world was going to see the end of AIDS very soon. But we know and the author also feels that this is far from true. The regions such as Eastern Europe, Central Asia and West Asia are so far from reaching the goal of ending AIDS. Also the author says that Russia is witnessing a severe epidemic among the drug users and the homosexual community. This is happening because the political leadership in many countries have thought that AIDS is no more a challenge. As the UN AIDS has declared that we are going to see the end of AIDS very soon. Secondly, the author says that the organization has been thinking that the AIDS epidemic can simply be treated by the anti-retroviral coverage. This may be true for those who can afford the anti-retroviral drug and therapy. But the organization has forgotten that AIDS affects the poor, the marginalized and criminalized communities. These communities face challenges in accessing the treatment programs such as the Test and Treat program which was introduced by India. Now because of the direction by UN AIDS that anti-retroviral therapy is enough to treat the disease, many national programs do not consider other prevention programs such as usage of condoms, sexual education and drug harm reduction which are important to prevent the HIV transmission. Now this has resulted in the form of unprotected sex and drug use which did not let epidemic to vanish. The author says that this thinking of UN AIDS has also stopped the funding of non-governmental organizations and community-based organizations that were working on the prevention of the disease. Thirdly, the author notes that there has been weakening of country leadership of UN AIDS in many countries that has a high prevalence of AIDS. The senior country level position in UN AIDS are held by people who do not possess the core competence about the issue. This lack of competence is hampering the constructive engagement of political leadership with UN AIDS because these political leadership only provides legal reforms and they only provide access to services regarding the therapy and treatment to the marginalized populations. Then as a conclusion, the author is saying that every year there are 1.7 million or 17 lakh new infections and 1 million or 10 lakh deaths are occurring every year. Due to HIV AIDS, we also have the commitment to end AIDS by 2030 which the author calls as ambitious meaning it might be difficult to achieve but it is not impossible to achieve. So the need of the hour is a re-energized UN AIDS with a strong and fearless leadership. So the author finally says that any thought of dissolving the organization or giving the mandate of a global response of AIDS back to WHO will be having a disastrously damaging effect on the prevention of the disease. This is all about the editorial discussion. Now let us know some facts about HIV AIDS. The human immunodeficiency virus or HIV targets the immune system. It weakens people's defense system against infections and it weakens people's defense system against some types of cancer also. As the virus destroys and impairs the functions of immune cells, the infected individuals gradually become immune deficient. Now this immunodeficiency results in increased vulnerability to a wide range of infections. Cancers and other diseases that people with healthy immune systems can fight off. Now the most advanced stage of HIV infection is the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that is AIDS. It can take from 2 to 15 years to develop depending on the individual. Now this AIDS is defined by the development of certain cancers, infections or other severe clinical manifestations. Also remember that HIV can be transmitted via the exchange of a variety of body fluids from infected individuals such as blood, breast milk, semen and vaginal secretions. And please remember that individuals cannot become infected through ordinary day to day contact such as kisses, hugging, shaking hands or sharing personal objects, food or water. With this we have come to the end of this article discussion. The displayed practice question will be discussed in the last session. Moving on to the next article discussion which is an editorial. The editorial discusses about the water stress that is created in India because of over usage of water resources by the thermal power plants that are located across India. The main syllabus that can be linked to this article discussion has been highlighted here for your reference. The authors of this editorial mentions that water is not only essential for human survival but it is also essential for agriculture and industry. They mention that India consumes water more sensibly than any other nation. Because if you see India has only 4% of the world's total renewable water resources. But India's population is 18% of the world's total population. So this means 18% of world's population consumes 4% of world's renewable water resources. That is why the authors are mentioning that Indians consume water in a more sensible manner. Here by renewable water resources the author means both the surface water and the groundwater. The surface water is in the form of lakes, ponds, dams, etc. Then the author mentions about India's goal of achieving 100% electrification throughout the country. They suggest that if India needs to achieve 100% electrification across the country then India's installed power capacity needs to be doubled. It means the power generation must be doubled in India. The authors also mentioned that India is seeing a lot of growth in the development of renewable energy. When we say renewable energy we mean the energy that can be naturally replenished. That is that energy can be restored back to its original levels. Some common examples of renewable energy are solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, etc. But even though there is a growth in the renewable sector the author mentions that coal is projected to be the backbone of electricity sector at least till the year 2030 and maybe even beyond 2030. Now this projection is given by the authors based on a roadmap which is titled as National Energy Map for India Technology Vision 2030. This roadmap was jointly published by Therry and the Office of the Principal Scientific Advisor Government of India. Now here you have to note one point that is coal is a non-renewable energy. That means the energy cannot be replenished. And one more thing is that when you see the term coal in electricity sector just remember thermal power plants because coal is primary fuel that is used in the thermal power plants which generates electricity. And if you see large amounts of water is required to generate power in the thermal power plants. Now as we saw earlier the editorial's focus is based on water. So the authors of this editorial are stating that managing the electricity needs of India that is already dealing with water scarcity will be a challenge. So as we just saw thermal power plants consume significant amounts of water during the electricity generation process. But if you see most of India's thermal power plants are located in water stressed areas. That is in those areas where there is water shortage. So these water shortages have led to disruptions or disturbances in the electricity generation. And when electricity is not available the manufacturing process of all the industries will get affected. So the authors are noting that this will lead to significant revenue loss to the Indian economy. So to reduce this water stress the authors give some suggestions. The first suggestion is based on a notification which was issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The authors mentioned that in December 2015 the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has issued a notification which was regarding the limits that has to be set for water consumption by thermal power plants. These rules are called as the Environment Protection Amendment Rules of 2015. But if you see as per the Environment Protection Rules which was issued in 2018 the thermal power plants can use more water than what was mentioned in 2015 rules. So the authors are mentioning that the regulations are not effective. They advise that mechanisms need to be strengthened to make these regulations more effective. Next the authors mention that the Central Electricity Authority has released a format for thermal power plants to report on their annual water consumption. This format was released in the month of June. In the report the thermal power plants have been asked to specify both metered usage of water and unmetered usage of water. Generally if you see in the industries water meters will be there to calculate the amount of water when the water is taken from a particular place. This place is called as the source and this method of utilizing the water using meters is called as the metered usage of water. Then in the report the thermal power plants also have to mention the sources that is the places where they take water to use in the thermal power plants. Like whether they take water from rivers canals or sea. Then the thermal power plants have to mention the percentage of deviation from the water norms. For example as per rules a company is permitted to draw only 1000 liters of water. Now if the company draws more water then there will be a deviation. So the companies have to mention the deviation in the quantity of water taken. Along with this deviation the reasons for the deviation and the corrective measures that were taken to stop this deviation has to be reported. The authors suggest that this format can further be strengthened by including other relevanting. First is that the thermal power plants should disclose or reveal the amount of water that had been consumed by them in the previous. If this particular data is available then a baseline data for water consumption per thermal power plant can be established. And we will be able to reduce the water consumption levels with a proper planning. Secondly the authors suggest that whatever reports that are present in the website of Central Electricity Authority that must be added to the environment protection rules. This is because there will be more transparency in the data and the rules can be easily enforced on the thermal power plants. Thirdly the thermal power plants should also be required to submit verifiable evidence. For example like the water bills. This is to support and substantiate the data that they have disclosed or shared with the government through the report. This will act as a check-in balance. The authors tell that without this check-in balance the self-reporting guidelines will remain weak. Finally the authors suggest that whatever data that is supplied by the thermal power plants that data should be placed in the public domain. When it is placed in the public domain whatever parameters that have been shared by the thermal power plants can be studied for knowing certain issues like region specific water shortages, outages that is the shutdown period in the plants and also it can be used for research purposes in the future. Next the authors tell that section 15 of the Environment Protection Act provides a blanker penalty that is it provides only one penalty. So as per this act if a company violates any of the provisions of the act then it may have to face up to five years of imprisonment with or without a fine of up to one lakh rupees. Now this is along with additional daily fines for continuing the offenses. So we can see that this act is not having specific penalties for specific offenses. The authors suggest that the government should review this particular section of the act and they have to come up with specific penalties so that the government will have a nuanced that is they will have a balanced framework for enforcement and penalties. Next the authors mention that the relevant officials who are in charge of enforcement in the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change and also the officials who are in charge in the Central Electricity Authority should be identified and their roles must be clearly defined. Then the authors state that the implementation of the norms should have some time bound or time based targets and the government should monitor the progress in a periodic manner so that any improvements can be made then when required. Now these are the suggestions that have been given by the authors in relation to the thermal power plants that were especially in the context of reducing the water stress caused by them. In addition to this the authors also suggest that India should shift or move towards getting electricity from renewable energy sources so that India will be able to achieve its global climate targets but to achieve this the authors mentioned that some more work will be required. They have particularly mentioned one area where water consumption needs to be regulated in a specific renewable energy technologies. The authors have mentioned an example. They tell that the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has taken a first step by issuing a notice to state governments. This notice is regarding the reduction in the water usage for cleaning solar panels. The Ministry has asked the stakeholders to explore alternative mechanisms to clean the solar panels in order to ensure that solar panels remain efficient. Finally the authors mentioned that India will need to balance both the development needs and also the water stress. So they state that stringent implementation of standards is required so that water can be judiciously used by the thermal power plants and along with this renewable energy needs to be promoted along with energy efficiency. So whatever suggestions that were given by the authors which we saw during the discussion will help India to balance the needs. With this we have come to the end of this article discussion. This practice question will be discussed in the last. Moving on to the next article discussion which is about Over-the-Counter Drugs Policy. Now this news article is based on an interview given by the President of Organization of Pharmaceutical Producers of India. The syllabus that can be linked to this article discussion has been highlighted here for your reference. Before getting into the article discussion let us first know about Organization of Pharmaceutical Producers of India. Organization of Pharmaceutical Producers of India or OPPA was formed as a representative body of the manufacturers in the pharmaceutical sector. It is registered under the Companies Act of 1956. If you see this OPPA represents a majority of pharmaceutical companies that are operating in the country. It also includes the public sector. The President of the Organization of Pharmaceutical Producers of India has worked with the government for the past one year for providing inputs to prepare the draft of OTC policy. That is the draft of Over-the-Counter Drug Policy. So now let us see why the government is planning to come up with the Over-the-Counter Drug Policy. If you see self-medication is practiced in India. Self-medication means an individual is taking medicines without consulting the doctor. When an individual is suffering from fever or a headache or stomach pain the individual will go to the medical shop and get some medicines without the doctor's prescription. Now this is called as Over-the-Counter Drugs. A survey was conducted by a healthcare company called as Librate in the year 2015. The survey was conducted among 20,000 people across 10 cities and out of this survey sample it was seen that at least 52% of the people practiced self-medication. In the current scenario a well-defined regulation for Over-the-Counter Medicines is not available. So a regulation is very important in order to ensure the safety of the patients or the individuals who can access the Over-the-Counter Drug. Now the Indian government is in the process of finalizing an OTC Drug Policy. So once this policy comes into place it will bring more clarity over the access of the drugs by the people. So the government is gathering inputs from the stakeholders in the industry to come up with a draft OTC policy. As a part of this the president of the Organization of Pharmaceutical Producers of India has worked with the government over the past one year by providing inputs to the draft OTC policy. In this context let us see some of the important points that are mentioned in the news article. The president of OPPI has said that all the industry experts from both India and abroad have contributed towards developing the guideline. The best practices which were followed in various countries then the kinds of drugs that should be included in the OTC list have all been considered by him while giving his inputs to the government to prepare the draft OTC policy. Next the president of OPPI has discussed how will an OTC policy will help a country like India. He states that when the OTC drugs are easily available in the market then it would automatically release the government's time and resources so that the government can focus on those drugs that requires stringent standards. So he mentions that reducing the government's workload is one advantage of the OTC drugs policy. The president of OPPI is substantiating or explaining this point now. He mentions that those drugs that do not have any side effects and that does not require much explanation can be classified as OTC drugs. You can see the word explanation here. Here explanation means the usage directions that are given by the pharma companies in the back of the tablet strips or it is printed over the boxes of the drugs or even it is given in a paper form which you can see in the boxes. Then he adds that these OTC drugs should be made available in the small towns as well. He mentions that many other countries have brought more products under the OTC category so that they can focus on the drugs that need to be strictly regulated by them. But one disadvantage of using this OTC medicines is the antibiotic resistance which is caused due to the overuse or the misuse of the drugs. To know what is meant by antibiotic resistance first you need to know what is meant by an antibiotic. An antibiotic is a drug which is meant to treat a bacterial infection. Remember an antibiotic is a drug which is meant to treat a bacterial infection. But if people who are having viral infections fever and other related issues are taking antibiotics then we say they are misusing the drugs. Now this will also amount to overuse of drugs because unnecessarily an antibiotic is being consumed by the individuals. Now because of this whatever beneficial bacteria that is present in the gut of that individual that will be destroyed and also the overuse of antibiotics will cause the bacteria to resist against the effect of those drugs. So this is what we call as antibiotic resistance. So the president of OPPA has mentioned that OPPA is working with the government to spread awareness about the responsible use of antibiotics. Now let us see some other advantages and disadvantages in using these over the counter drugs for self-medication. First let us see the advantages. It gives the individuals more independence in taking decisions whenever they are suffering from minor illness like headache stomach pain etc. So we can tell that they are empowered to take decisions. The next advantage is that the healthcare system can take care of other major illnesses in the needed areas. Since the time and the efforts in treating the minor illnesses will be drastically reduced. The next advantage is the access of the drugs that is the ability of the individuals who are suffering from minor illnesses to purchase these drugs in the nearby medical stores. Then the next advantage is that once some drugs are listed as over the counter drugs then the government can also reduce the prices of such drugs. So it will lead to low prices of over the counter drugs. Now if the prices are less this would also lead to increased access of those drugs. So now what are the disadvantages of this? We saw that using over the counter drugs happens when an individual involves in self-medication. That is she or he decides what illness she or he is suffering from which means they themselves diagnose. But we cannot always say that this diagnosis is right. So it means sometimes misdiagnosis can also happen. So we can tell that misdiagnosis is one of the disadvantage in self-medication. Next the individuals can themselves have more dosage of drugs. Say if you are having a heavy headache and you take two tablets then this is called as over dosage. Then at a time if an individual takes more drugs say one for headache and one for fever and one for diarrhea at the same time it can lead to drug interactions and that might bring some other health problems. So these are some of the disadvantages of using over the counter drugs for self-medication. With this we have come to the end of this article discussion. Moving on to the next article discussion which is about world economic outlook. The syllabus with which the analysis of this news article can be linked is given here for your reference. Before getting into the article discussion let us see in brief about world economic outlook. World economic outlook is published by International Monetary Fund. This publication is based on a survey which is conducted by the staff of International Monetary Fund. It is usually published twice in a year in the months of April and October. But IMF also publishes world economic outlook update twice a year in the months of January and July. So remember world economic outlook is released in the months of April and October. World economic outlook update is released in the months of January and July. So today we will be seeing about the world economic outlook update that has been recently published by IMF. The basic aim of releasing this report is to provide an update of the economic development globally that is how the economies in each country is functioning in the near term and also in the medium term. In the context of this report the near term is the present financial year and the medium term is the next financial year which is 2020. Usually if you see in the publication the economic forecast for the present financial year and the next financial year is only given. Now let us see the news article. The article mentions that the International Monetary Fund has cut India's GDP growth forecast for the financial year 2019-20. In the world economic outlook which was published on April 2019 IMF had projected a growth rate of 7.3% for India but now it has reduced its projections to 7%. So this is a 0.3% reduction. The reason stated for the reduced projection is that the domestic demand is poor. Next the IMF has also cut India's GDP growth forecast that is its prediction in the financial year 2020-21 to 7.2%. If you see in its April publication IMF estimated that India's growth rate would be 7.5% in the financial year 2020-21. So this is a 0.3% reduction. The reason given for the reduction in the forecast is also the same. The IMF has said that the domestic demand is weaker than expected. If you see IMF has also reduced the GDP growth rate projections for India in the previous three reports. In October 2018 world economic outlook IMF predicted that India's growth rate would be 7.6% in financial year 2019-20 but the growth rate was reduced to 7.5% in the world economic outlook update which was released in January 2019 and again the projections were reduced to 7.3% which was released in April 2019. Now again the projections have been reduced to 7%. Now here the values are not that important. From this data we can see that India's growth rate is slowing down. The main reason for this reduction in growth rate is the poor domestic demand. When we say poor domestic demand it means that people are not having enough purchasing power to buy the goods and services as they did earlier. Purchasing power means enough money to buy any goods or services. Of course people will be buying things say for example before six months you had enough money to buy your essential items that you need for your daily usage and also some money to buy some luxury items such as a car or a bike or a watch or even eating in a restaurant. But now you have money to buy only essential items. Before three months based on the demand that is based on what you and the whole population have purchased the companies would forecast their production activity. But now if the demand has come down that is if you are not able to purchase a good or a service then we call that as poor demand. If it's happening within India then we call it as a domestic demand. Also note that this 7% GDP growth rate forecast for the financial year 2019 to 2020 is similar to the projections which were made by Reserve Bank of India, Asian Development Bank and also the projections made by the Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India. Now along with this IMF has also cut its forecast for world GDP growth rate also. In the April month IMF predicted that the world's growth rate would be 3.3%. Now it has predicted that the world's growth rate would be 3.2%. Similarly the IMF has predicted that the world's growth rate would be 3.5% in the financial year 2020 to 2021. Now this is all about the news article. Let us see in brief about International Monetary Fund. The International Monetary Fund was established in the year 1944. Its headquarters is located at Washington DC. The first aim of IMF is to promote international monetary cooperation that is it aims to help the expansion and balance to growth of international trade. Next IMF assists the countries in establishing multilateral system of payments. Multilateral system means the system of payments across national borders that is between different nations. Then one another function of IMF is to make resources that is money available to the members who are having difficulties in balance of payments. Balance of payments is a statement which records the monetary transactions made between residents of a country and the rest of the world. So a country's balance of payments tells you whether it saves enough to pay for its imports. If there is no money or very less money then the IMF will arrange enough resources. So it will sign a bailout package with those countries that are suffering from balance of payment problems. So that money will be given with certain tough conditions and this will help that country to bail out or revive their economy from crisis. A recent example for this is the country of Pakistan where IMF signed a bailout package of 6 billion US dollars with Pakistan. With this we have come to the end of this article discussion. The displayed practice question will be discussed in the next session. Now let's move on to the last session for the day that is the practice questions discussion session. Now this is a prelims question based on international monetary fund. The question asks which of the following reports are published by IMF? Now among these three options we discussed about one report today that is world economic outlook. So we can easily say that the final answer should contain two. That means we can eliminate option A and option D which does not contain option two. Then remember that global financial stability report is published by international monetary fund. So the final answer to this question is option B 1 and 2 only. Now let's see one main question based on GS paper 2. 1990 target based approach of ending AIDS menace is need of the hour. Discuss the global measures including measures by India in order to achieve the SDG of ending AIDS by 2030. Now here in this question the first part a sentence has been given. So you might think that you have to spend more time on that sentence for substantiating whatever has been given in this statement but don't do that because that statement has been given only to distract you. The original question is the second part that is discuss the global measures including measures by India in order to achieve the SDG of ending AIDS by 2030. So about the first half of the question you can say one or two statements only like what is 1990-90 target. We discussed during our analysis that 1990 target is 90% of people living with HIV should know their HIV status then 90% of people who know their HIV positive status are accessing treatment and then 90% of people on treatment have suppressed viral loads that is their virus should have been suppressed. Then to the actual question you can mention about UN AIDS which focuses on eliminating AIDS by placing people living with HIV and people affected by the virus at the decision making table and also by placing them at the designing delivering and monitoring of the AIDS response. Then you can say about the UN political declaration which is the declaration of commitment on HIV AIDS global crisis global action. This is the first declaration which was adopted in the year 2001. You can say how this declaration was a game changer as it had priorities like what to do to avoid the infection and how to stop all the forms of HIV transmission from mother to child and to provide treatment to the infected persons. Then you can say about the global fund to fight AIDS tuberculosis and malaria which was created in 2002 which raises managers money and invests world's money to defeat these three diseases which also includes AIDS. Then among the Indian measures you can say about the Indian drug companies which reduced prices of AIDS drugs and this has enabled many countries to afford the HIV AIDS treatment. Now in this question the question also says in order to achieve the SDG of ending AIDS by 2030. So, you have to mention about the SDG goal which talks about the prevention and control of AIDS. It has been mentioned in SDG goal number 3 that is ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Under this target 3.3 states by 2030 and the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria etc etc. So, you can mention about this target and you can also say that many other SDG goals can be interlinked to achieve this particular goal. You can say even goal 1 is linked to HIV because goal 1 is related to poverty. Poverty can increase vulnerability to HIV infection. So, you can say unequal socioeconomic status of women compromises their ability to prevent HIV or to mitigate the impacts of AIDS. Then you can connect it with SDG goal 4 also which is about ensuring quality education. You can say globally about 7 in 10 adolescent girls and women in the age group 15 to 24 years do not have knowledge about HIV. Like this you can link HIV to most of the SDG goals such as you can link into make cities safe and resilient. You can link into goal number 10 which is about reduce inequality. You can link it to goal number 8 which is about promote economic growth. Then you can also link it to goal number 5 which is about achieve gender equality etc. You can also add your own viewpoints to answer this question. Now let us see one another main question. This question is based on GS paper 3. The question states India needs to balance both the developmental needs as well as stress on water resources. Examine this statement. You can answer this question by stating that India is the fastest growing economy in the world and you can also give some statistics like India's GDP growth rate etc. Then you can say that the resources that are required for the developmental needs of India are huge. Then you can mention some of the important resources that are required for India's development and then you can say that water is also one of the major resources. Then after this you can say about water crisis in India and you can list the reasons for water crisis in India such as you can say that most of the reasons would be mad made like over exploitation of water, deforestation, urbanization etc. And you have to link all these points to the reasons and you have to say how it has led to the water stress. Then you can also explain the water stress in India with industry wise example. For this you can take over today's editorial analysis to give an example. Try to mention the points that we discussed during editorial analysis like how the thermo power plants are leading to water stress across India. Then you can also suggest some measures to tackle this water stress. You can mention some of the common suggestions that we analyzed during the editorial. Then to conclude the answer you can use the first statistics that we saw during our analysis that 18% of world's total population uses 4% of world's renewable water resources. Then you can try to conclude in a positive note that political will and citizens participation is required in conserving the water resources. With this we have come to the end of today's analysis. If you like the video don't forget to like, comment and share and do subscribe to Shankar Ayes Academy YouTube channel for more updates on civil service examination preparation.


The Officer Candidate School at Quantico, Virginia, molds college graduates into hardened leaders. Two and a half months of intense physical training, academic instruction, and leadership exercises prepare the candidates for difficulties found both in the Corps and in life. Now, one of these trials will come a little earlier than expected with the Monford Point Challenge. The Monford Point Marines, the first black enlisted men in the Corps, were recently awarded the Congressional Gold Medal for overcoming adversity in an all-white Marine Corps while contributing to the war effort during World War II. The Monford Point is the blacks in the Second World War as a company. No one recognized them for all their hardship they went through. Basically, their job was to ammo resupply. Any resupply that was required on the front line, they would have to do that. Candidates have to negotiate a three and a half mile course designed to simulate the physical demands that Monford Point Marines met, carrying 60-pound ammo cans, 150-pound stretchers, and 300-pound logs. OCS instructors designed the course to reinforce classroom instruction with hands-on activities. They get to experience the hardship and endure the physical duress and they get to work as a team together to accomplish that mission that they're tasked with. Future officers complain to undergo this event during week nine of OCS as it is integrated into the official curriculum, deepening the legacy of the Monford Point Marines. Reporting from Quantico, I'm Lance Corporal John Tucker.


Conflict and security studies tend to focus on political, strategic or technological perspectives, but research into narratives and discourses of war and peace is just as important as the study of historic facts or current capabilities because stories are world building. Our habits of describing and depicting war, its aftermath, conflict resolution, peace building and peace itself reflect reality up to a point, but they also help to generate it by shaping how we think, feel, make decisions and behave. A lot of public art and museum space has been dedicated to war. Libraries and bookshops contain countless volumes of military history. There are well established traditions of war reporting and conflict photography. We talk a lot less about peace. As a result, our collective habits of visualizing peace are often limited to simple cliches and well worn troops to images of doves or UN peacekeepers to metaphors of friendship or seed sowing. These images and metaphors have value and power, but they can also restrict our understanding of peace as a complex multifaceted phenomenon. And if our understanding of peace is limited, so is our ability to build or sustain it. Talking about different manifestations and understandings of peace is an important step in empowering everyone to play a part in fostering it. For that reason, a small team of students and staff at the University of St Andrews has created the virtual Museum of Peace, showcasing different ways of visualizing peace. Our aim is to spark more conversation about what peace looks like to each of us, where it can be found how it gets represented, and what peacemaking and peacekeeping actually involve. Our aim is structured around eight rooms, looking at everything from post conflict recovery to future peace, bringing together a wide range of perspectives from different regions of the world and different disciplinary backgrounds. Our exhibits draw attention to the many different media through which ideas of peace get communicated from political rhetoric prayer and commemorative events to horror stories comedy visual art forms dance fashion social media and gaming among others. We reflect on utopian ideals of peace alongside more pragmatic understandings and everyday experiences. We examine lots of co relatives to peace and peace building, such as the fight for women's rights and access to education. And we raise important questions about the blurred boundaries between campaigning activism resistance to dominant power structures, social revolution and peacemaking. These ways in which different art forms such as painting or story sharing can foster and not just depict more peaceful futures by drawing attention to threats or generating dialogue empathy and understanding. And in inviting visitors to reflect on different habits of visualizing peace, our museum also challenges us to question the ways in which we understand, imagine and describe conflict itself. If I asked you to describe or define peace, we might hear terms such as security, justice or reconciliation. Though the specificities of each interpretation very much of our present day understanding frames peace as an end state, marked by the absence of violence, the redress of grievances and specific forms of political, economic and social order. Our museum of peace, however, has had to move beyond this macro level conceptualization to focus on more human oriented interpretations, including the moral and psychological struggle to achieve inner peace. This re visualization raises important questions about the connection between individual piece and community wider global piece. We're not simply interested in contrasting top down visualizations of peace with bottom up grass roots or everyday forms of peace and peace building, but in how they intersect justice higher degrees of inner peace can potentially radiate out into a community. So to kind of loss of inner or moral peace present security challenges at local, national and global levels. There are very few experiences of modern service members shaped by asymmetric conflicts and blurred distinctions between combatants and non combatants, high levels of individual responsibility and ambiguous decision making. As a result, there's an increased potential for moral injury. And although it may be tempting to view the growing shift towards near pure competition as an indication of the return of moral simplicity. There are other ways that service members will continue to confront scenarios that challenge their personal understandings of right and wrong. Recovery recovery from moral injury is far from uniform, but a number of exhibits in our museum of peace highlight the central role that storytelling can play, not to wipe away or obfuscate the harms of the past, but as a way of recognizing the inherent complexities of conflict and helping service members to confront and accept the root causes of their moral injuries. First of all, storytelling and story sharing can allow service members to begin repurposing their morally injurious experiences for the benefit of others. The importance of preserving or restoring internal moral peace cannot be overstated. Moral injuries are disruptive forces that provoke sentiments of not only shame or guilt, but also disillusionment. In visualizing peace as an internal state as much as an external one, our museum is not suggesting that we focus on human oriented, individualizing approaches as an alternative to traditional notions of peace as a security based end state. Rather, we want to underline their complex interrelationships, different conceptualizations of peace evolve alongside and intersect with one another, offering us new ways of framing current and future security concerns. Many items from our museum explore the idea of future peace and the factors that enable shape or challenge it with a particular focus on what fosters sustainable peace. Among other topics, our exhibits explore environmentally friendly fashion, rights based activism and artivism, music sharing, mindfulness, urban greening and education as different methods for fostering peace in sustainable ways. These alternative ways of visualizing peace have power and impact. They prompt us to look at peace with fresh eyes and present inclusive everyday solutions which are achievable by ordinary people. Take our exhibit on green Mosul, which features a powerful story of post conflict recovery and future oriented world building anchored around tree planting. We decided to feature the Mosul I associations green Mosul initiative in our museum, because it reminds us that peace building and environmental care can nourish each other. In fact, they are codependent on each other. This is an empowering and optimistic message, the planting of hope where worry and despair can take root, the nurturing of green shoots both literally and metaphorically. Our research into peace has brought to the fore the importance of bottom up or grassroots peace building. Often more sustainable than top down peace processes that are designed and implemented by national or international powers. Grassroots approaches ideally involve a wide range of local voices, including women and minority groups. They help members of the community to find common ground and shared purpose, and they empower ordinary citizens to become activists and drive forward the changes they want to see. Education is another powerful tool for fostering sustainable peace and security in post conflict areas as well as in more privileged parts of the world. As one of our exhibits explores it can help children to unlearn war, even while still living in devastated conflict zones. It can also help people displaced by word war to rebuild their own lives to become part of new communities and to forge better communities for the future. The classroom can be a wonderful place to instill hope, hoping the future, hoping a present without or a mid word and hope that comes from being part of a community and support network. As our museum underlines education not only offers young people alternatives to war and escape from conflict. It has the capacity to involve young people directly in complex conversations about past and present security challenges, empowering them not just to dream, but to help realize the kinds of peace that they want to see. The young voices we feature do not look at peace through rose tinted spectacles. They drill down into the many different challenges that make recovery from conflict so difficult and time consuming. That realism should be a great source of optimism for us, as in their tendency to see the human ahead of the politics and to communicate with compassionate understanding. But our museum exhibits underline the value of taking what young people have to say on war and peace seriously. From honey bees to hacktivism, from commercial soft toys to campaigning kinds of artwork, from pockets of peace to peace in space, our museum juxtaposes many different ways of visualizing and achieving many different kinds of peace. Our aim is to raise questions in visitors minds about how they visualize peace and what that might mean for how they go about discussing, imagining, fostering, embodying, creating or sustaining it in their daily lives and in their professional practice. We hope you enjoy visiting our museum yourselves. We'd really love to hear your feedback. And please do tell others about it.


From Washington DC, it's theCUBE, covering ScienceLogic Symposium 2019. Brought to you by ScienceLogic. I'm Stu Miniman, and this is theCUBE's coverage of ScienceLogic Symposium 2019, here at the Ritz-Carlton in Washington DC. Real excited to welcome back to the program. It's the co-founder, CEO, and the headmaster of Wizarding School. Wizarding School, yes. Dave Link, thank you so much for joining us. Great to be here, Stu. All right, so Dave, first of all, congratulations. Really been enjoying the event. You kicked it off in the keynote this morning. Great energy. Really, I think, capturing where we are in IT and business today. We understand how things are changing so much, and it's a complex world, and ScienceLogic's trying to do its part to help simplify and make it easier for IT to run at the speed of business and machines. That's exactly right. What's happening in the world right now is you've got a confluence of cloud apps, traditional legacy apps, and they're colliding together. And as they collide together, you need new tools to manage that in a way that's different than what we've seen in the past. You're looking at lots of sources coming together to contextualize not just seeing what's happening, understanding how systems relate to one another, but acting upon them. Machine at machine speed means that automation is king. And the wizard hat actually relates to a storyline we had earlier today. When we think about how to educate the marketplace and the customers, we realize that we needed a very new way of communicating. So videos, e-learning, the wizard of learning has been a theme of the show to help our customers get up to speed and actually take full advantage of the application that we provide to help them deliver great service quality. Yeah, well, and we appreciate you bringing theCUBE to help with that video education of the community overall. That's right.  We're going to get to the business update, but first, the company was founded in 2003. Cloud wasn't a term. Some of the underlying foundations of what became cloud existed back there. Those of us in the industry understand some of the waves that have happened there, but talk about cloud and microservices and all of these changes that are have. So give us a little bit about that evolution about the original premise of the company as we move now to the world of today and how you may manage to keep the company moving and irrelevant. I love telling this story, Stu, because it never gets old to me. A lot of the original feces that we had about where business service analysis was going, the application analysis connected to the infrastructure, our belief was we were going to move to a world where it wasn't based on devices or nodes or systems. It was really based on the service. And what we're seeing with cloud has accentuated that tenfold because services now are made up of compound things, technologies, service delivery mechanisms, as a service platforms, and they all have to work with one another. The platform we built had an architecture that was very open that could take data streams from lots of different sources, create a common information model, contextualize that, and then act upon it. So now more than ever before, we really built the right platform with multi-tenancy, with role-based access control, with all the things that were really hard problems to solve, code day one. And now the thesis that we had that it was more about the service view is as important as it's ever been with ephemeral systems that are coming and going, with really containerized systems on top of virtual machines, on top of bare metal, all these abstraction layers require a different mindset, but an open architecture is really at the heart of pulling lots of data streams together, contextualizing it, and then acting upon it. Yeah, so I'm a sucker for Venn diagrams. So you had the analyst in the keynote this morning talked about AI ops, and he said it's the intersection of IT operations, data science, and machine learning. Yes. Data at the center of everything? It's something we've had a couple of waves of trying on. Intelligence and automation are things we've been talking about for decades in IT. Give us a little bit as why some of those waves are coming together so that now, and what you're doing is the right moment to really help accelerate. You've been having great growth for a number of years and project out some really strong growth for the next few. We have, over the last five years, the company's grown over 540% from a revenue perspective, and I think that's the underpinnings of that relates to do we have the right market fit? Are we solving a problem that's material to customers that it's hard for them to solve without our product? But I really envision a future. We've been working on this for a couple decades, right? The future is one, I hope, where from an artificial intelligence at machine speed where we're getting so predictive and understanding through really smart, scalable algorithms, the future faults that may occur for, we've both been at this for a long time. We've been talking about event correlation for many years. I envision a world where you're not doing event correlation. When you've had an event, it's actually too late. Usually that's caused by a system telling you that there is a problem. So what we're really working on, what we've talked a lot about here at the show is not just predictive analytics, but really understanding what's abnormal and getting in front of a problem before there is a problem with the system with really super smart algorithms that help customers understand many different data sets converge together and what they really mean so that you can get ahead of a service outage rather than have the fault that you're then working on correlating to infrastructure to application layers. The other thing that's been interesting for me to watch is the core of where you started was really working with the service fighters. I've had a chance to talk to a number of your service fighters. Hughes has been with you since the early days up to, one that just bought a couple of weeks ago and they're happy. Talk about kind of the compare contrast of the service fighters and the enterprise because cloud is impacting, the big hyper scale clouds are impacting both of those and the rate of change is affecting both of those in a lot of ways. So I'm curious as you see what's similar and what's different between going into those markets? When we thought about the problem for service providers there were two axes that we were looking at. Number one was from one instance of our platform you had to serve many customers that all had their own tendency. But on top of that you had to layer in a role-based access control. Who could see what? The customer had their view, the internal ops teams had their view. So building out a really complicated foundational model and an architecture that would support tenancy on steroids with one instance of our product was a really important linchpin of what's now incredibly important to enterprises. Because enterprises are getting into a moment where they're having to really act as service bureaus, service brokers and that means that all the different teams that support different technology silos really have to work together as one and but yet they still need their own views. So a lot of the foundational highly differentiated capabilities we built for service providers for large scale globally distributed enterprises actually meets a need profile that is very hard to find solutions that fit that profile and can give them that consolidated view but yet the deep dive view for the practitioner. And we're finding that more and more enterprises have follow the sun operations, follow the sun architecture teams, follow the sun engineering teams that need different views that is really hard to get most products that were built in this space were built for a single tenant enterprise view and that never gives you the granularity for each consumer and each persona to get the view that they need. So it's interesting that although we kind of over engineered those capabilities for the service provider needs it's becoming in vogue with the enterprises as they're looking at how do they need to do things as really a converged team working as one team across many silo disciplines. And that requires a very different way of thinking, a different tool space, a different solution to the problem that we built kind of from the ground up. It's now really appropriate for the DevOps teams, the teams that are really having to break down the silos and work as one team. Yeah, the term that often gets misused and misunderstood is scale. But if you truly can build something that's distributed architecture for scale, it really opens up a lot of opportunities. One of the things you highlighted also is that ScienceLogic puts a lot of investment into R&D and you keep working on things. Big announcement of Big Ben. It seemed I've had a chance to hear what everybody likes in the best. Talk a little bit about how you keep the development efforts going, how you put that strong and effort on it. And boy, you said you worked on the UI for three years and now it sounds, it's a bold statement to be like, okay, and everybody you're using this, you can't have the safety blanket of old way and new way for a while. You're constantly reinventing and refactoring code base to get to new outcomes for customers. We're spending between 35 and 40% of revenues on R&D. That's generally almost twice as much as many of our competitors. And we're doing that because there is so much still to do. At times we have really thought carefully, could we scale back, should we scale back R&D spend? But fortunately we've had a very supportive board of directors that believes in our vision, believes in the vision that this is a unique moment in time. The whole market is transitioning to a new tool set because of all of the crosswinds of public cloud, refactoring of applications, containerization, abstraction of the network, storage, compute. All of these things combining together require a very different way of solving this problem. We've actually seen this play out in the past which again is why we're over investing in engineering. When you look at the mainframes and the compute architecture of mainframes and then we went to client server, the tools that manage the mainframe really didn't manage the client server. We've now gone from client server to cloud, the same things happening again because the needs are so different and we're going to see a very different generation of tools rule this next gen of requirements that customers have when they have a multitude of clouds that all work together to deliver an outcome to an application that you as a user are benefiting from. All right, so talked about the growths, talked about the investment. It's a strong industry validation today also. I had Gartner up on stage, talked about the definition of AI ops. They might not be fully in sync as to how mature the market is but it's still important that they are, this is a trend and something to watch and it's on their hype cycle and Forrester released the Wave which had congratulations, ScienceLogic as the top score up in the leaders category. So congratulations on that and what does that mean? Well, we're thrilled about that because that external validation is what customers look at. It helps them with their analysis and the talk tracks that everybody's on in our industry, sometimes it's hard to discern who does what and how well each company does it. To some degree, from a marketing perspective, many people use the same words. So the good words are already used up. So sometimes it's hard to understand how each product is differentiated in the marketplace. The Forrester Wave report was so thorough, so comprehensive, put us through over 30 use case scenarios where we had to demonstrate to get the qualifications for that ranking. So it wasn't just us responding in writing and waving our arms and throwing out a few PowerPoints to get to that result, we had to prove it and it feels the satisfaction of actually proving it for our team, for our engineering team, for everybody here at the company, I'm so proud of everybody because that's really, from a product perspective, we love those product recognition awards are actually sometimes more enjoyable than the growth recognition awards because that means you're really delivering a value to the customer where they're gonna, when they deploy the product, they're gonna have a good outcome. So that's what we're focused on and having Forrester put us at the top of the Wave report is a special moment in the history of the company. All right, so Dave, this is your user conference, so I want to end on, let's talk about the customers and here's my observation as, my first time coming to your event and I've talked to a number, seen some of the interactions there, there are certain products that customers love. The relationship is an interesting and I'd say a really good one, the customers are really engaged and enjoying and liking it and it's almost like that friend that you can be like, I really like you and your friends in there for I can be like, this is how I want you to get better in science logic, this is what you've done and I'm excited once on the roadmap and this is where I want you to go even more. So it's like that friend that you can kind of hang out with and joke with and I've seen some of those relationships, it's a good, robust relationship and strong partnerships it seems that you build with your customers and I get in the right vibe, how do you look at your relationships with your customers? From a simple business perspective, I look at a couple things, this is just as a run the business metric. On average, our customers buy about 24, 25% more capacity each year, on average our customers stay with us for seven to 10 years. On average, our customers pay us within 59 days. So are we getting paid on time? Do our customers buy more capacity each and every year and do we retain our customers? We retain about 95% of our customers. So those metrics are really best in class, net subscription, retention, DSO, all of those things are really good foundational indicators of we're doing a great job for our customers but what I love is this interaction that we have with them where they're never ending pressure on us to do better, to strive for something that makes a day in their life a better day. I love that pressure, it's uncomfortable many days of the week as I mentioned in my opening presentation but it makes us a better company and everybody in the company embodies this sense of how do we capture that, synthesize it and then deliver against their needs and wants as quick as we can. So our innovation rates now are as high as they've ever been. The throughput of our development team this last quarter was the best we've ever seen in the history of the company not just because we had more people but we're getting more done in the same amount of time. So all the KPIs that I look at are pointing in a really positive direction of great momentum for the business and really good alignment with customer needs and wants. We have probably the best market fit I've ever seen with the needs and wants of a net new customer and how our product fits against that. The Forrester Wave Report was yet another independent validation of how good our market fit and our strategy is right now to solve real problems that are very painful for customers to solve without our product. All right, Dave, I can't let the head wizard gone without looking a little bit into the future. So as you look down the road what should we be looking as industry watchers to seeing from science logic, seeing from the industry? I ask customers if they had a magic wand do you know what would they do to make things better? You had a magic wand up on stage. What will you be doing to make the industry better for all of us? There's so many things that when we think about making the industry better it's a community. And that means that among the key things that everybody's focused on right now for AIOps is automation. So sharing those lessons learned, cauterizing, validating the automation opportunities whether it's with provisioning systems, with end devices, for capacity planning all the things that we're doing we're starting to work with our customers to publish that broadly so that they can benefit from one another as quick as possible to take those best practices and throughout our community put them into production. If we do that each and every day and really focus on delivering that value across the customer base even for competitive customers that compete with one another what we've seen is the spirit of cooperation and that to me is among the most satisfying parts of our customer and user community that it's a community that wants to help each other get better every day of the week and that's really our mission as well. So from a trend line for the entire industry I think we're all moving towards a moment in time where we have this autonomic capability where we know the applications are infrastructure aware the tools that help us keep those applications running are getting smarter and smarter by the day and basically move us away from a fault and event correlation storyline to a predictive automation storyline. All right, well Dave actually I said it on theCUBE a couple of years ago data holds the potential to be that flywheel of growth for many years to come really appreciate you sharing the story and thanks again for having theCUBE at the event. Thanks Stu, great to be here with you. All right, we'll be back with more coverage here from ScienceLogic Symposium 2019. I'm Stu Miniman and thank you for watching theCUBE.


A mental representation or cognitive representation in philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, is a hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality, or else a mental process that makes use of such a symbol, a formal system for making explicit certain entities or types of information. Together with its specification of how the system dish this mental representation is the mental imagery of things that are not actually present to the senses. In contemporary philosophy, specifically in fields of metaphysics such as philosophy of mind and ontology, a mental representation is one of the prevailing ways of explaining and describing the nature of ideas and concepts. Mental representations or mental imagery enable representing things that have never been experienced as well as things that did not exist. Think of yourself traveling to a place you have never visited before, or having a third arm. These things have either never happened or are impossible and do not exist, yet our brain and mental imagery allows us to imagine them. Although visual imagery is more likely to be recalled, mental imagery may involve representations in any of the sensory modalities, such as hearing, smell, or taste. Stephen Costlin proposes that images are used to help solve certain types of problems. We are able to visualize the objects in question and mentally represent the images to solve it. Mental representations also allow people to experience things right in front of them though the process of how the brain interprets the representational content is debated.


Hello Zwifters, welcome to another episode of How to Run on Zwift. Today we're going to be highlighting a new feature of some of the higher-end Garmin watches. It's a feature called the Virtual Run Profile. Essentially what it means is Garmin watches, the higher-end Garmin watches are now Zwift-compatible, directly Zwift-compatible. So if you own a Garmin 245 or a Garmin 4Runner 945 or also soon the Phoenix or Phoenix, why do I always say Phoenix? The Garmin Phoenix 6 watches, they will also have this update soon, the Virtual Run Profile.  There's now a new option or there will be a new option called Virtual Run. So what exactly does this mean? Well if we go to the Zwift Pairing screen and I select the Virtual Run Profile on my watch, you can see that we now have the option to pair the watch within Zwift. Fantastic because all these people with the older Garmin foot pod that only broadcasts in Ant Plus or any other Ant Plus peripherals, they can now connect those peripherals to their watch and the watch will now re-broadcast those devices to Zwift. So you can run with your old Garmin foot pod or if you've got an old Ant Plus chest strap those will now pair directly with Zwift. So essentially this Virtual Run Profile can act as a bridging device. You may have heard of the North Pole Engineering cable device or the Viva heart rate strap or the Viva 4i chest strap. They re-broadcast those Ant Plus signals as Bluetooth signals so Zwift can read them. This is particularly useful if you only use Zwift on an iOS device or an Android device that doesn't read Ant Plus signals. If you're using a computer, a Mac or a PC you can still plug in a USB Ant Plus dongle and that will read your Ant Plus signals. What is fantastic about this feature is that for all those people who like to record their runs on their watch as well as on Zwift, your pace will be exactly the same on your watch as on Zwift and therefore your distance should be there or thereabouts the same as well. It kind of depends when you start and stop your watch and when you start and stop running on Zwift. But essentially you'll get the same speed, the same pace on your watch and the same pace in Zwift because you're using the same device to record your speed. So let's just run through a little setup of the watch. So here we select the virtual run profile and what we need to do now is pair our devices. So you could for example use the optical heart rate on your watch and the internal accelerometer on your watch. Now I would not advise using the internal accelerometer on your watch. Risk based speed using the vibration or the movement of your wrist up and down to get your pace in Zwift is really not a very good idea. It's not going to work great, it's not going to give you an accurate pace, accurate speed on the treadmill on Zwift in any situation. So it's just not going to work. Please don't do that. Try and use a foot pod. But you can also use your optical heart rate or you could pair a chest strap and you can pair an external foot pod. Here I've actually paired my my run treadmill. So my treadmill broadcasts a Bluetooth signal that my watch can actually pick up. So I'm pairing my Bluetooth treadmill with my watch and then I'm going to repair it through my watch into Zwift. So we've paired our heart rate monitor and our foot pod or the treadmill here. And then we go into Zwift and we select the Garmin 245 as it is here as our speed and cadence sensing device. Now the watch will not allow you to start an activity without being paired with Zwift. So you can't actually press start on your watch. If you're not paired with Zwift, just do remember that you do need to actually pair with Zwift. So once you've paired your devices on the watch and you've paired the watch with Zwift then everything should be set up and ready to go. Now it's up to you to be able to start the treadmill and start your watch at exactly the same time and finish it exactly the same time. But the same time on your watch and the same time on your treadmill or on Zwift and also the same distance. That's up to you. Don't blame me if you forget to start your watch until a little bit later or you keep walking on the treadmill after you've stopped your watch. If you keep walking on the treadmill and you've already stopped your watch, your distance and your time are going to be different. Please don't complain on the Zwift runners forum if they are. Thank you very much for watching. Take care. Enjoy your Garmin 245, 945 or your Fenix 6 virtual run profile. Take care. Bye-bye. See you next time.


Wel amddwyd, gwaith efallai mae'r ffordd Fffrdd 27 oed, Felly mae'r freu wneud ysbyt, mae'n gwybod gwybod gyda ar gyfer ddweudio gfesafelio cyflawn o gweithasol oherwydd, elwod y fpectedol, cefan ar y cadw fel y pandemig. Yn gwrth gywe reverio oherwydd o'ch troi, oherwydd hyn yn gweithio'r gweithio fel ar gweithio wrth gwrth ddweud, felly rhaid i'n croes, i'n cymdeithio gweithio cyfrannu ac fyddechrau oherwydd oherwydd i'r cyfrannu siŵr iawn, felly dwi'n rynllun o'r link, nes gallwch y gallwch i'w meddwl i'r ddweud y cyfnod. Rwy'n meddwl i'r rhan o'r ffordd ffeilio, rwy'n meddwl i'r ffrom o'r cwntent i'r ffordd, oes yn ymwyfyr ar hyn. Rwy'n meddwl i'r Brynbaeth Nick Baker, y CEO Amphi, a'r ddweud y ffaith am gweithio'r ddiweddol yn ymddangos i'r gweithfeydd ar y wedi ei ddefnyddio'r gweithfeydd. I had a really great chat with one of the traders about vaccines and everything you need to know about the short term and long term investment kind of implications, that recording is there for the community but a highlight reel if you like is going to go out on our YouTube channel this weekend. And then finally I took part in a virtual round table with Mike Bellafury and Dr Brett Steenberger and that's going to go out as well to the community later on today. So plenty for you guys to check out because otherwise it's going to be relatively quiet, all things remaining equal. And that's because of the fact that obviously for Thanksgiving markets in US closed yesterday and although there is open trade in the likes of the NISI and the CME today things operate on a reduced schedule. So straight off the bat the NISI instead of closing London time as usual around 9pm is going to be 6 o'clock and that will be the same time for the CME pit as well. So let's get into the charts and what have we got? It's kind of a reflection if anything going through the overnight news flow. It is pretty quiet in terms of one singular story that really sticks out. Looking at the asset class movement equity markets notably have recovered going through the late part of the Asia Pacific session. There was some Chinese data overnight so just to quickly show you. Profits at Chinese industrial enterprises surged at their fastest pace in a single month in almost nine years in the month of October. Industrial profits for October year on year came in at 28.2% against a previous of 10.1%. So very strong numbers there coming out industrial profits rising for a six straight month here in China as they continue to kind of stabilise post pandemic. Long term how sustainable is this? I mean certainly it's coming from a very low base of where we were back in the spring but also as well any deterioration seen on a more global level is obviously going to impede the ability for industrial profits to remain at such a rapid pace at this point in time. But nonetheless an overall fairly solid reading that was seen overnight. But equity markets as I said not I mean if you look at it from a slightly more further top level view overall I mean the Dow future, the S&P futures are flat. The NASDAQ outperforming just a touch and that has been a little bit of a reoccurring theme as we've gone through this week which is a little bit more of the kind of tech and stay at home names still fairly pregnant. At this point in time irrespective of this kind of early talks about rotation and some of the vaccine news that we've had. I still think that there's the reality about the restrictive measures as what we heard announcing the UK is still going to have on people's lives and then the subsequent need for some of those goods and services provided by those types of single stocks and so on. So NASDAQ continues to see a minor bit of outperformance elsewhere in the currency market. You can see euro dollar and cable have recovered what was a large portion of the downside pressure that was witnessed yesterday. Interestingly the dollar index is pretty flat this morning but it's reversed the entire game that was seen this time kind of yesterday through the morning. So it's interesting every time the dollar kind of has a push down has a decent kind of bounce then it pushes and the pushes down are getting ever lower in terms of the dollar index being concerned. So still directionally I would maintain a kind of more negative bias on the dollar and I think just reading through a couple of the articles this morning on Bloomberg that's kind of a consensus view on the street at the moment. So I guess it's just about timing because we do tend to get these kind of technical kind of pushes back up in the dollar before then the overall downward trend resumes. So timing is quite key there. Otherwise in gold we're pretty flat and we're trading within a range. So I would kind of say between really that key $1800 level which of course was that that close proximity to the 200 DMA we were looking at when gold really got hammered right at the beginning of the week. And since that point kind of stuck in that range of around those lows and today kind of the yes one the lows that we printed back on Tuesday retested on Wednesday night. And then you've also got the the high of the range seen up at around the R1 today which is around 22 the high print of earlier in the week. So not too interesting right there right now for gold but certainly a nice framework to work with for the session ahead. Pretty quiet oil isn't as backed off a little bit obviously from from yesterday's move it's kind of held that after we surged higher through what was Tuesday session we really broke out to the upside which was on that the longer higher time frames to break out of the summer high putting us back to kind of pre pandemic levels in oil. We saw a bit of selling pressure one of the things a few people are talking about from the overnight session if I bring it up is this a little bit of conversation about OPEC. One thing is that just given the dramatic rise of which we've seen on prices does this then start to bring about a degree of headache for OPEC in order to manage then the other countries that are within that that that collection of oil producing nations so higher prices obviously good for the likes of Saudi and so on. But countries like Iraq their deputy leader yesterday criticized OPEC saying that the economic political conditions of member countries should be considered before they are asked to withhold production. Now remember this comes with expectations of course what's also helped underpin some of the recent rise in oil amongst other things like vaccines and so on has been the idea that OPEC are going to roll over the existing output cut for a period of now consensus around three months that were early noises about six months. But the idea being that if oil is moving higher well for someone like Iraq whose economy really has been decimated over recent years and decades due to a variety of different things. But Islamic terrorism for example and war for them they've always been fairly non compliant. They've told the line so far but with oil this high do they now start to break out a little bit of being that disciplined. And if so that waters down how effective then the supply cuts are irrespective of whether they get rolled or not. So something just to keep an eye on as the headline suggests tensions are rising I would be mindful of those headlines looking at oil this morning. We are in fact just seeing a little bit of a test down at around what was the Asia Pacific kind of low point if you like. And yeah just keeping an eye as an area of support in the futures around 44 74 here and we're just starting to have a have a test on the downside. If that does occur then obviously technically there's a little bit of room to just reverse some of the initial gains that were seen on that solid breakout on Tuesday session. Right well let's get into some of the other headlines to be aware of this is one. He probably read about Trump he actually gave his his first kind of Q&A with reporters since the election. He hasn't actually formally spoken to them since then. He said he would relinquish power if the Electoral College affirms the Democrats Joe Biden's win and he signalled though he would never formally concede. He also said he may even go as far as just skipping the Biden inauguration if that does happen. Which would be unusual normally there's a whole ceremony and there's a handover and transition. He probably will do that. I just think it's just the drama he likes to instill at this point in time. But the idea then being that the Electoral College electors in each state are due to vote on the middle of December on the 14th. Certificates recording the electoral vote results in each state must be received by the president of the Senate no later than December 23rd. So that's then when you'll get something more conclusive although Trump has kind of been yielding somewhat conceding that he has lost. This would be the definitive formalities that would then rubber stand that in that sense. So something to just be aware of. The other thing is on the COVID side I just really want to focus on the UK. There was a little bit of downside pressure on the pound yesterday but I think that was more to do with the dollar initial strength that we saw on the European morning on Thursday. However obviously there is economic implications and social. There's a lot of pressure at the moment on Rishi Sunak who was kind of the golden boy of the initial outbreak of pandemic given the depth and scope that he went to in order to kind of bail out the economy and people's jobs. But now reality bites I guess and the prospect of diminishing kind of support for things like furlough and increases potentially attacks and VAT and these sorts of things. So this is what needs to happen economically ffiscally managing the situation because of the fact that the UK is borrowing more money than it's ever done and issuing as we saw from the spending review. Almost double that of what we had in the financial crisis so someone's got to pay. So this is interesting period I think politically economically for the UK. On the economic side what we had announced yesterday was before I go into Brexit was this. To update you more than 20 million people across large areas of England will be forced to live under the tightest and toughest category of COVID-19 restrictions when the national lockdown ends as we know on December 2. London is going to be placed on high alert and high alert is the second level. But as you can see here there's actually going to be more areas as cases have picked up that are going to be classified in level three. And so that of course does have economic implications but perhaps partly then and this has come to the disgruntlement of a lot of areas in the north. London's going to be slightly less severe than the most stringent measures albeit this latest tiering system obviously is much more onerous than the last. So again this needs to be factored in terms of the speed of which the economy can recover given the fact that some form of level of restrictions is likely to be in place at least until the spring and Easter of 2021. On the Brexit side of things sticking with the UK where are we with this? Well again we remain where we are, the sticking points, fishing waters in terms of the access to British waters, the level competitive playing field, the agreement and how it will be enforced are still the main sticking points. The latest here is being that they're going to pick up and resume face to face trade talks this weekend and that comes after the abrupt halt of actual physical meetings that took place after one of the EU members had contracted Covid and they needed to quarantine. So the show goes on, I don't think there's anything really to see here as yet and timings wise still sticking to the kind of overall base view that kind of more mid-deck, end-deck is where things will get decidedly more interesting getting towards actually a deal getting done. The other headline I just wanted to mention was about vaccines. You probably read about this came out yesterday but probably worth just mentioning AstraZeneca Oxford University's vaccine is set to undergo a new global trial and this comes after the companies come under a number of questions and criticisms about the claim that the vaccine can protect up to 90% of people against Covid-19. Just to give you a bit of an idea, the data that was revealed by the head of the operation warp speed, which is kind of the vaccine team in the US, they said the regime showing the higher level effectiveness was tested in a younger population. So that's point one and obviously that's going to have a big difference toward then what has been a virus that's targeted and had more impact on the older demographic. So is it really representative of an actual effective result? And then also the half dose that was given to some people was because of an error in the quantity of vaccine put into some of the vials. And none of those details were disclosed by Astra or Oxford University in their original statements. And this is brought about some concern about the transparency and validity of any not just that data but forthcoming data in future. And so therefore they're going to have extra global vaccine trials being run to appease those concerns. This is it really and as I said had a fantastic chat with one of the guys who's really clued up on this in the Amplify live community and he's put together this kind of ultimate crib sheet. There was an hour long discussion he and I had and he goes through all of this and why and how and the differences in the technology of vaccines and what it means and who he favours in terms of the ultimate winners in this situation. So honestly do check that out it's a really great session. And then I can't go a briefing without mentioning Bitcoin. I must put a legal disclaimer. I mean I know nothing about Bitcoin. I have no interest in Bitcoin. But obviously it's a talking point at the moment and I thought I'd just bring up the chart of Bitcoin. And the reason for this is some quite spectacular movement that we're seeing yesterday and a few points I want to make. So I mean this is Bitcoin in the month of November. So just to give it a bit of percentage reality check. Let's just take November alone. Well yeah let's just take November alone just to keep it to the month. Bitcoin has risen about 50% there thereabouts. And then yesterday we got up and there's obviously a very important psychological level which is at 20,000 because as we know 20,000 kind of marks then that all time high that we got during the kind of euphoria that was the first wave of real public interest into crypto and Bitcoin a few years back. But we got close to 20,000 and actually if we look at it on the 60 minute you can see then there was so much headline press at that point because the acceleration that the crypto was seeing. And then yesterday it kind of imploded somewhat and we saw a move of just over 17% if you're looking at the futures from the initial high to low and that unfolding pretty much within a very short period of time. So why does this sort of thing happen? Why do you see these massive pullbacks? I mean there's a couple of things that people were pinning it on and again I'm just going off what I'm reading. I'm no Bitcoin expert. But one thing I can say is from a profit taking point of view for an asset to rise 50% within a month is pretty incredible. And what you tend to see with something like a crypto product is a lot of behavioural kind of nuances playing out in price. What I mean by that is you get a lot of momentum. There tends to come in shifts as public interest intensifies and media coverage picks up. There's kind of people filling the FOMO, the market rises and given that it's an asset that's particularly hard to pin down from its underlying true fundamental value. A lot of that question of well can it go up? Well sure. How high can it go up? Well Citigroup was saying a few weeks ago it could go to 300,000. Forget 20,000. But that's that kind of animal spirit that can take over as we know. So when something rises, the quicker you rise the harder you fall. That was I think a chief reason of why profit taking purely of what happened yesterday.  And around what is technically a really important psychological level at 20k which obviously was the top before. The other thing that a few people were looking at was the fact that the coin based CEO Brian Armstrong tweeted. And this was before I think all of the moves started to unfold. He was tweeting about speculation the US is considering new rules that would undermine basically the ability to be anonymous in digital transactions. And apparently the Trump administration before they leave were going to rush through some degree of legislation. And so that might have spooked people again just more of a reason to take profit on that surge we've had over the last month. I'm sure would have contributed it to a certain degree. But all in all when I look at a 17% move in Bitcoin you have to disassociate yourself I think from what is norm from traditional assets. And to be quite frank a 17% move I don't think would make many crypto more long term investors nervous at all. Obviously if you are a punter and you've got duped into getting hold of it because you've been reading it in the press then it's a very painful morning. But I think coming back down to these levels to be quite frank I think as long as we hold above this level of around 14k then it's all good. And I think ultimately this thing does break 20k at some point in time and then who knows where it goes. I would say it's not really my place to say given what I look at today. All right well quick look at then the calendar for today very quiet as you would imagine do remember that volumes will be low. US participants if you've never traded a post Thanksgiving session it kind of is like although markets are open it's the kind of Thanksgiving hangover. Not a lot of people stay side come into work generally it's booked off so they can take advantage of a four day kind of break. So just be aware of that. I think technically again looking at the ranges we've been trading so the S&P the downs and interesting upside levels here to keep an eye on. Oil on the downside as we discussed the range in gold and I'd be kind of just waiting to see with no real definable bias just how the market plays out on some of those technical ranges. Something perhaps to have a look out for is we normally get kind of real time data metrics that get released on the wires in regards to the performance initially of Black Friday kind of online transactions and how are they shaping up. Could be quite interesting just to see the general appetite for digital transactions overall the perception is that you know it's kind of an Amazon Christmas because of inability to really go into shops and certainly peruse the shopping aisles at this point in time. So all in all we're even given the state of the situation of unemployment and low confidence and savings and so on probably this will be a pretty happy Amazon Christmas. As far as the company is concerned but also for the Black Friday performance as people try to front load a lot of their purchases to pick up a discount rather than pay full price even more so in this type of climate. And that's it. So as I said got that video kind of the highlights of that vaccine discussion. It's going to go out on YouTube on Saturday so tomorrow morning make sure you subscribe to the channel put on the notifications and you'll be able to get that. And then for the Amphilife community I've got that discussion between me, Mike Bellafuri and Brett Steenbarger. I'll release that to you guys this afternoon. Alright guys have a good weekend. Take care and I'll see you Monday.