Hello, welcome back. I'm Lanak Martens from Gent University and VIP and we're at our third lecture in mass spectrometry basics and today we'll talk about mass analysis. So what we've done before in the first lecture is we covered amino acids and proteins and how the properties of the amino acids make proteins such useful molecules and how we can use these properties in mass spectrometry. Then we talked about the overall concepts of mass spectrometry and then the ion sources, which were the topic of the second lecture. Now remember the ion source was really important. The ion source allowed us to take our analyte molecules from samples and turn them into ions in the gas phase. And this was really crucially important because you need ions to analyze them in the mass analyzer. And that's where we are today. We are at the mass analyzers, our very sophisticated pair of scales that will find out how much a particular molecule has as mass. Now in order to do so, I've already told you that they use electrical fields and so we'll be seeing this throughout the presentation, how these electrical fields are being used in different ways to measure mass. Okay, let's start with our first type of mass analyzer, the time of flight. Now it's a very descriptive name again because it's going to be all about timing the time of flight of a particular ion. So how does it work? We have the source over here and remember the source is always this dark blue and the source can be electro spray or Maldi. It doesn't really matter for the time of flight. It can be either one of these. So it generates ions in the gas phase. Now these ions will then encounter what is known as an extraction plate, which is this thing here. And you can visually imagine it as a kind of chicken wire, loosely knitted piece of metal where there's a lot of holes and a few wires. Now this extraction plate is at a high voltage, it's at 30,000 volts or so. And obviously our ions are going to see this plate and the electrical field that it generates and they will migrate towards this electrical field. So in a way this is an acceleration device that given a certain voltage is going to generate a certain amount of acceleration and therefore velocity in the ions. Now what comes then is this thing is mostly hollow, remember. It's mostly open space with a few small wires in between. And so the ions are going to fly through generally and then they will enter this green contraption, which is essentially a very finely machined long tube. This tube is at high vacuum as everything else is since the source. So it's a very high vacuum tube and most importantly there is no electrical field in this tube and that's why they call this a field free tube. So it's essentially just that, it's a vacuum tube machine to very precise dimensions. Obviously the ions that have been accelerated through this electrical field generated by our extraction plate, they will have a certain velocity. And now with that velocity, because there is no resistance from the air, it's vacuum and because there is no electrical field, they will just continue with this speed and travel along the length of this tube. And at the very end we will have a detector and we'll talk about how these things work in the next lecture, but there will be a detector and that will be able to find out when a molecule has traversed this field free tube. Now these tubes are pretty long, they're typically longer than a meter and there's a reason why they're long, but we'll get back to that. So now let's have a look at a small animation to see what happens in this type of flight. Analyze. So we have our sample ions and the sample ions are being moved by the extraction plate and they receive a kinetic energy that is equivalent to the charge of the individual molecule here, or ion, and the voltage that we have applied, so the strength of the field and the charge. Obviously if you have twice the charge, you will feel the fields twice as strongly. Two plus ions will feel the same field with twice the strength of a one plus ion. Now that is the kinetic energy that these ions receive and so they will start moving with a certain speed that as you know relates to the kinetic energy. So this is secondary school education. The kinetic energy of a moving object is the mass times the velocity squared divided by two. Now we know where this kinetic energy comes from, it comes from the voltage and this voltage is something that is under our control. That means that we can figure out somehow something about this speed and this mass. In fact we can say that the speed is equivalent, or will be equivalent, to the square root of two times the kinetic energy divided by mass. It's simply solving this equation for velocity. As you can see a large ion should move slower than a small ion because a small ion has a smaller mass and since the speed will be inversely proportional to mass, small ions will go faster. Do note that there is an exception. And the exception is if the very large ion with a large mass actually has a high charge, it could actually go faster because the kinetic energy would be higher. But by and large for the same charges state the more massive ion will go slower. So speed gives us something about the mass. In fact we see a relationship between the speed and the mass. Now the way that we work this out is we work with the laws of kinetics and a little bit of calculation here. We say that the speed can be expressed as the distance covered in a given amount of time. Since we know the distance, the length of this tube, we can calculate how long it takes for the ion to traverse this tube and then we know what speed that ion had. So the speed comes from the time of flight of a fixed distance. So we know when we've switched on the extraction plate and when we switch it off. So we have an idea of when this ion enters the tube and then we know when it hits the detector. So we actually can with a very accurate stopwatch determine how long it takes for the ion to fly through the tube hence time of flight. Now that gives us velocity and as you can see velocity relates to mass but we still have the kinetic energy. So the kinetic energy is of course related to the charge and the voltage so we can fill that out here. So two times the charge and the voltage divided by the mass square root gives us the velocity and velocity of course is distance traveled divided by time taken. And when you fill all of that out in these equations which is an exercise for the viewer you can do this yourself but you should end up with this equation. Mass over charge equals two times the voltage divided by the velocity squared and of course we solve velocity by distance traveled divided by time that's squared of course and we end up with this final equation that the mass over charge equals two times the voltage applied times the time traveled squared divided by the distance traveled squared. Let's see what we know about this. We do not know mass and we do not know charge so we're actually trying to find these out. We do know two because that's rather simple. We know V the voltage because that's something that we told the instrument to apply on this extraction plate. So we have a voltage source that's regulated, very tightly regulated and we can set it very precisely. We also know the time traveled because that's our stopwatch that's built into the mass spectrometer and we know the distance traveled because we know how long this tube was to begin with and so in total we can resolve any term here but we cannot resolve these two and this is an important thing. What we see here is that while we resolve the mass over charge we cannot distinguish between different charge states of different ions so we always measure mass over charge together never mass alone or charge alone and this is a really big limitation. Now if you were to think of this, if you think of this we actually talked about this in the ion sources where the Maldi source if you will recall has only singly charged ions when you analyze peptides so there it's quite easy because Q is always one and so this whole equation becomes very simple and we are actually capable of reading the mass. For an electrospray source which are more popular because they can be ran 24-7 and automated we don't have this luxury, charge can be 2 plus 3 plus 4 plus 5 plus and we simply don't know. So this is a downside of using electrospray we have multiple charged ions and we have no way of resolving that charge from the mass spectrometry measurement. Mass spectrometry always measures mass over charge. Now mind you, I've written Q here for the charge which is the way physicists would write charge. Mass spectrometrists however don't. They use the letter Z or Z and so it's always M over Z, mass over charge is M over Z they never write M over Q. So I apologize for using the correct units here or the correct variables in physics in fact it's M over Z that is being referred to by most mass spectrometrists. Now there's another thing we should note what we are measuring here is mass and it's not gravitational mass what we are measuring is inertial mass so the resistance of a particular molecule to acceleration. Having said that to the best of our current measurements gravitational mass and inertial mass are equivalent so there might still be some differences but we haven't been able to measure the difference but it's an interesting point we measure inertial mass not gravitational mass. So that's how a time of flight analyzer works it's a very sophisticated scale that uses electrical fields and then the time of flight through a tube. There's one other caveat though and that is that this tube tends to be made out of metal and you all know what happens with metal when the temperature changes. If the temperature shrinks or goes down sorry the metal tube will shrink in size. If the temperature goes up it will expand and so this tube despite the fact of it being very very precisely machined will not be exactly the same length at any given time. Small fluctuations in temperature will create fluctuations in length and the fluctuations are sufficient to be detectable by our very advanced chronometer built into this muscle parameter. So we somehow need to figure out what the actual length is of this tube every time we use it and for that we do calibration and calibration is incredibly important if you want precise measurements. The way it works is very simple rather than resolving for mass over charge we're now going to resolve this equation for X and the way to solve for X is to put in a molecule of which we know the mass over charge so you take a known analyte where you know which mass over charge it will take in your instrument and then you use that in the instrument and you calculate back what the X should be and that gives you the actual length of the tube at that point in time. So the best way to do it is to do it with the sample. So when you take an analysis of a spectrum there should be what they call internal calibrant present in that spectrum too and then the calibrant allows you to calibrate that spectrum perfectly and therefore get a more accurate mass of the analyte. That is not always possible but people try very hard to get their calibrants as closely spaced in time to the actual analyte as possible. So calibration is really critical. You always need to calibrate your mass spectrometers and this is the reason why the other mass spectrometers, the other analyters that we will be talking about all need to be calibrated to show you here why calibration is so important. Okay. So without further review let's go on with the next analyzer which happens to be one of my favorite analyzes and it's the iron trap. So an iron trap analyzer does exactly that. It is a trap for irons. How does it work? We have the source over here and then I have this beautiful three-dimensional drawing here with a box. So imagine this is actually a box. There is a round opening on one side of the box and there is a round opening on the other side of the box. So essentially there is a tunnel through the box two openings on opposite sides. And in the middle of the box as you can see here rendered in beautiful infinity we have a ring, a central ring electrode. So take it like this. You've got a hole in the box here. You've got a hole in the box there and in the middle of the box you have this ring and this ring electrode and these two holes they have a current on them. Now the currents are a little bit special and we'll have a look at that in a second. Our analyte comes from the source or irons, you can see small and big ones and they get into the trap. Now why does the trap capture and trap irons? Because it uses a sophisticated set of voltages. It has a direct current voltage and an alternating current voltage. And the alternating one has a radio frequency so essentially it's oscillating really quickly between plus and minus. Just like your alternating current from a wall plug would do it switches sides all the time. This is exactly what happens here and it happens really fast in a very sophisticated way and what happens is the irons move into this trap and they see say a negative charge on this side and they say oh let's run to the capping electrode on that side and they start moving towards that capping electrode but before they can reach the capping electrode the field switches around. So now this capping electrode becomes positive and the one behind me becomes negative. So if I'm a positively charged ion I'm going to turn around and now I'm going to run that way. So I'm slowed down, turned around and I'm going back and it switches again on me so now I have to turn back and go back and so I am now effectively trapped. I am constantly moving back and forth but I never make it to the capping electrodes on time. Now in fact this movement happens in one dimension so it's kind of a blob of ions that are all in this trap and cannot get out. This is the basic premise of the ion trap. Now this is really nice because we can actually accumulate a lot of signal, a lot of ions so we have a total ion count that is quite high inside this trap but we still need to figure out what kind of mass they have. Now the way to do that is to again play with this voltage. We're actually going to make use of the fact that just like in a time of flight if you put an electrical field even though it's oscillating every time these ions are going to be accelerated towards one of the capping electrodes. If you're a very massive ion you're going to be accelerated at a very leisurely pace you're going to go slowly towards the capping electrodes but if you're very tiny you're going to go very fast. So these small ions are very fast and we have to switch the field quickly enough to make sure that they don't escape. Now if we would switch just a smidgeon slower then these very tiny ions actually make it to the capping electrode and out before we switch the field. So now the capping electrode is negative I'm a very fast ion, I move out I'm now out of the capping electrode which is here now they switch the field and I no longer care because I managed to escape the trap before they switch the field and only the small fast ions can do that. So if you do this consistently and you slowly decrease the period what will actually increase the period so it takes a longer time to switch what will happen is the first ions to escape are the very small ones and then they're all gone and then you make the switch a little bit slower and then the next smallest ions make it out and the next ones and the next ones so you're starting on the small side of the ions and you're moving them out until you reach the very large and slow ones so let's see what happens the small ones go out first and then the bigger ones until you hit the most massive ions and they all hit the detector so the timing of when they hit the detector related to the voltage you've set at that time it gives you an idea of what the mass would be of that particular ion now mind you this is not as accurate as the mass determination that we had in a time of flight our stopwatches are simply better and our tubes are long enough for what we call a better resolution and ion trap does not have a very good resolution unfortunately because this voltage setting is not super precise as a result this measures mass with a little bit more of an error and we'll come back to that later but it's very very useful because it traps ions and once ions are trapped you can accumulate them wait for enough ions to be there to get a strong signal so that many ions or as many as possible hit the detector simultaneously we'll come back to that in the next lecture by the way interestingly Wolfgang Paul and Hans Georg Diemelt got a Nobel Prize in 1989 for the invention of the ion trap so the ion trap has been around for longer than say, electrospray since I'm on the topic of the source again usually ion traps are paired with electrospray sources it's a good combination because the source continues to spray sample in and the ion trap can accumulate a certain amount of that and then analyze it in small sections so this is usually a combination of an electrospray source and an ion trap analyzer it's a really nice way to work with your ions now the ion trap has a cousin if you like and this cousin is the quadrupole the principle is extremely similar but instead of a cage, a box in which you trap the ions we're now going to create what you could call an ion bouncer so the principle is very similar you have four electrodes that are located in space so there's two parallel ones and then there's two above so you can actually have six or eight these days they have many more but four will illustrate and you put as we said before I now use a physics notation for this a direct current field and an alternating current field with a radio frequency and again we're constantly shifting on these rods that are spaced in 3D space we're constantly switching the voltage so I'm an ion, I enter this hallway if you like of rods and so now I'm attracted to the left rod and now it switches, now I'm attracted to the right one to the left one to the right one so I'm going to go back and forth now in an ion trap the idea was to keep ions stable to never let them escape here we kind of do the opposite what we're aiming for is what is known as constructive interference it's the reason why soldiers who are marching in lockstep that they have to break their step when they hit a bridge because as soon as you start walking on a bridge and everybody puts down a foot at the same time if it happens in the right rhythm every time the bridge is going to oscillate a bit because of the feet coming down if everybody presses their foot onto the pavement when the bridge is at its lowest point you're going to every single time push it deeper and deeper and deeper and so your oscillation becomes worse and worse and worse until it breaks this constructive interference is exactly what we want here I am the ion, I'm moving, I go towards the left then I move towards the right but I don't go as far to the right as I went to the left if I keep doing this for a few times at some point I'm going to either fly out of these this hallway defined by the rods or I'm actually going to bump into one of the rods which is actually more likely only a very specific ion with just the right M over Z mass over charge will be able to maintain what is known as an overall stable trajectory only a very specific mass over charge will be able to move as far to the left as it moves to the right and as a result on average it goes straight and makes it out of this corridor defined by the rods everything else is literally being thrown out or in this particular case thrown against the rods as I mentioned which is actually quite interesting because as you know amino acids contain a lot of carbon and when these rods are being hit by the amino acids the amino acids essentially turn to ash and so what you get is you get carbon scorching on these rods and if you have a quadrupole instrument you will know that you have to clean these rods or have them cleaned at regular intervals they actually accumulate almost like a barbecue they accumulate a layer of encrusted carbon that ultimately limits their effectiveness so these things need to be cleaned as a result as it is it's very different from an iron trap in its actual workings because the iron trap remember it accumulates all the ions and then you can analyze them at leisure here however we throw most of the ions away because only one set of mass over charges can have a stable trajectory and everything else is just wasted so this is not usually used to analyze say a full spectrum of all possible masses you could in principle do that you could say let's start with a stable trajectory for the smallest mass the second smallest, third smallest and then scan the whole mass range but meanwhile you would be throwing so much sample away the iron trap is much better for that because all the ions we're not analyzing they just stay put in the trap and we have plenty of time to analyze them because they're not going anywhere here we waste them so a quadrupole is not usually used to really scan a whole mass range or to produce full mass spectra instead it's a really good bouncer if we only care about our blue ion here we can get rid of everything else very effectively so that's why I refer to this as a bouncer like at the door of a bar you want to get in if they don't want you to get in the bouncer will make sure you don't get in so that's where these things are very very useful but they have surface mass analyzes as well and they're closely related to the iron trap in principle with the alternating electrical currents and the stable or unstable fields now we've talked about the resolution of mass analyzes and there's a very specific thing about resolution that is important when it comes to determining the charge of a particular ion remember that we always measure mass over charge and that we have this problem that the mass over charge is a unit that we measure and we cannot get rid of this charge component and in electrospray this is a problem because we don't know whether the molecule or the ion is 2 plus or 3 plus or 4 plus so it's very difficult to know exactly what's there is it a 2000 Dalton thing which is mass with a charge 2 which makes it look like as if it's a 1000 Dalton because we measure mass divided by charge or is it actually a 2000 Dalton ion that has a charge of 1 which gives us an M over set of 2000 it's very difficult to figure this out and so the way that you could potentially figure this out is if you have sufficient resolution now resolution is defined in a very vague way but you could essentially see it as the ability to make a separation between two adjacent peaks so how closely spaced can they be that we can still see them as separate peaks and this is usually expressed as a large number at a given mass but it can depend on the vendors in general higher resolution is better you may remember from the second lecture that we mentioned the digitizer and how the digitizer samples the analog signal over time and if we sample more closely we actually get better resolution and this was an upgrade to an instrument well imagine here if we sample here here and here we would never know about this graph in the data however if we would have a high resolution sampler that samples all the way through we could get a very accurate representation of this data so that's where resolution comes in I'll show you some real life data this is for a very old type instrument or an iron trap so an old top time of flight or an iron trap would look like this but we can't see the differences between the different isotopes it essentially becomes one big pile of signal and the best we can do is calculate an average mass so we try to find the middle point of this distribution and we say that's roughly where the MOVZ is do note that I use things like mass here but you all know this is incorrect right it should be mass over charge it's just a short hand and you will see a lot of people refer to mass actually not measuring mass they are measuring mass over charge so I apologize for not being very consistent but at least the literature is not consistent about this either now that's not a very good situation because in reality it should look like this these are different isotopes of a given peptide and they are very nicely separated and they are separated because we have higher resolution we have a much more detailed view that's actually there and here we can use something called a monoisotopic mass and this monoisotopic mass is the lightest isotope and refer to as monoisotopic that is a definition that comes from small molecules where this problem is relatively straightforward small molecule tends to have only carbon-12 and so carbon-12 give you the lightest isotope typically and that's where you define it I mentioned carbon-12 so you probably are familiar with isotopes and there are many isotopes in nature very famous one is carbon-14 carbon-14 is being used for radioactive dating of archaeological finds but carbon-14 is radioactive so it's not stable it actually disappears over time there are however stable isotopes that are pretty common so carbon-12 is the base isotope of carbon and it's very stable but it has a heavier brother which is carbon-13 which is also very stable and not radioactive as a result all of us all living things and even all inanimate things contain a certain amount of carbon-13 and that amount you can find on a Mandelaev table they will actually list the relative prevalence of the different isotopes and you will see that carbon-13 adds one Dalton to the mass if you have one carbon-13 of course it's one Dalton if you have two carbon-13 it becomes two Daltons if you have three it becomes three now I make this fuss about carbon-13 but you may know other isotopes you may know for instance Oxygen-18 Oxygen normal isotope is 16 that's the monoisotopic mass but there's also an Oxygen-18 which is also stable, non-radioactive so that occurs in nature and of course people know Deuterium which is the heavy form of Hydrogen Hydrogen has one mass of one and Deuterium has a mass of two so it's the proton and the neutral so why am I not talking about these isotopes here? that is because their relative prevalence is so much lower than carbon-13 carbon-13 is by far the most relevant isotope in living things Deuterium is really so low in abundance that while there could be Deuterium here is going to be negligible in the actual effects that it has on this isotopic envelope so carbon-13 is the only one that really matters now there's an interesting thing that happens here and you may have noticed this this is the carbon-12 isotope and carbon-12 is like 99% of all carbon atoms and yet this peak is smaller than that peak which is the carbon-13 you can literally read this as saying there is more carbon-13 than there is carbon-12 in this particular molecule that is actually a bad way of saying it let me try and rephrase that and say it more accurately it is more likely that's the higher intensity to have at least one carbon-13 in a molecule of this particular nature than it is to have only carbon-12 now that is actually not that hard to understand because it's a matter of simple statistics if you have a relatively big peptide and it contains say 100 carbon atoms and one in 100 is likely to be carbon-13 then it's very likely that you will find one carbon-13 at least because you have 100 carbon atoms and one in 100 in nature is carbon-13 so you will likely to have one if you have 80 carbon atoms well the likelihood is still going to be pretty big that at least one of them is going to be carbon-13 if however you have only 50 carbon atoms well then the likelihood goes down dramatically and what you see here is exactly that the bigger a peptide is that is the more carbon atoms it contains the more likely it is that it has a strong second and third isotope and in fact you can roughly do it by mass and around about 1800 Daltons so 1800 Daltons you will see an equivalence between the first isotope and the second isotope at about 2000 Daltons you will see that the second isotope is clearly bigger than the first isotope and if you go to about 2200 Daltons it will look like this go beyond 3000 Daltons and it becomes very hard to spot this monoisotopic peak and that is a problem because the monoisotopic peak is the one that we define for the mass of a analyte if we have sufficient resolution so here obviously we cannot use that so here there is no problem we use the average mass here however since we have the monoisotopic mass if this carbon-12 peak becomes so small because there are so many carbon atoms in our peptide that at least one of them must be carbon-13 then we can no longer find this peak and the peak picking algorithms will pick the next peak and call that the carbon-12 peak the monoisotopic peak but they are off by one Dalton which is a much bigger margin of error than you typically get from the measurement so you will see that a lot of software that tries to identify peaks allows for a so-called carbon-13 switch and the carbon-13 switch has a little bit of logic in it if the peptide is pretty big then imagine that this is the wrong peak that the mass you get is actually one Dalton one neutron too heavy and instead use this other mass it does have an effect here because if we do eliminate the carbon-12 peak it actually shifts the distribution a bit higher but because we take an average mass that usually means that the shift is smaller than here where it really is a full Dalton this whole long story about isotopes just to show you one other thing and now we get back to the charges I promised to talk about is that since we know that the difference between this peak and this peak should be one neutron and the distance between the second peak and the third peak is again one neutron we can measure how much distance we actually see because the M, the mass is one Dalton or one neutron but if we measure half and mass over charge that means that this one neutron mass is cut in half therefore we know that the mass has been divided by two if we find that this distance is 0.33 we see that the neutron has now been divided by three and we can read the charge state from the distance between the consecutive isotopes and we can actually calibrate because we have multiple of these measurements we have at least two that is how we can get from a high resolution instrument the charge state of the analyte by taking the distance between the consecutive isotopes so that's a really nice way to figure out this charge and most modern instruments will have isotopic resolution the big exception to this remains the iron trap will not be able to offer it time of flight instruments can do it and we will see later on ordinary traps and free heat transform instruments will also be able to do it so that is why resolution matters and that is why you want it not just because it gives you more accurate mass readings but also because it allows you to determine the charge state and remember for electrospray we really need that piece of information so with that we're done talking about analyzes and our next lecture will be about the detectors thank you very much and see you soon


The title is not clickbait. As soon as I'm done filming this, the SV06 is going back in the packaging, and I'm getting rid of it. I guess that's how it goes sometimes. So recently I did a video about the Soval SV06, a brand new printer that's in pre-order from Soval. During that live stream, I built the machine and started a first print, and at the time of that filming, I was actually really impressed by this machine. It assembles in about 20 minutes or less, and the printable area on this is a little bigger than the original Ender 3 at 220, 220 by 250 millimeters. It has a 32-bit silent board that's housed back here in the case, and this thing is actually very quiet while it's printing. The hot end that Soval put together for the SV06 is all metal, and it uses a metal planetary gear direct drive extruder, and it's capable up to 300 degrees Celsius. Out of the box, it comes with touchless bed leveling, very similar to the EZABL from TH3D, and it's actually pretty fast with the stock firmware as it hits its 25 automatic bed leveling points on the bed. When it's laying down plastic, it drops on a textured PEI flexible build plate that comes stock on this printer. I really like the textured build plate. I just wish it was double-sided, but this particular one is single-sided, but still very nice. It has a dual Z-axis as you can see here with dual motors to keep that Z in sync with each other, and it keeps the X-axis nice and stable. Belt tensioners are very common, especially in 2022, and the Soval SV06 does not disappoint in that category either. It does have belt tensioners on the X and the Y-axis. It makes it super easy to tighten and loosen the belts to keep them just perfect. The screen on the SV06 is not a touchscreen, but that's okay. It is very responsive. The UI looks great, and it works very well right out of the box. I'm going to interrupt really quick just to say if you're getting value from today's video, please smash that like button. It really helps the video get spread out through the community and passed on to more people who want to see it. And if you have not already, I invite you to subscribe for more great videos just like this one and awesome tutorials, which I have more of coming very soon. So far, I've talked about a bunch of really cool features that the SV06 has right out of the box, but I got to say one big thing you'll notice about this printer is it does not have V-slots and wheels like most of the i3 clones do. This one actually runs on these rails here just like a Prusa would. And as long as you keep them nice and greased, you shouldn't have any issues. Actually, I think there are many people out there who prefer rails over V-slots and wheels, but I know there's some people who like wheels better, but I really do like this. It makes it quiet, everything runs really smooth, and I actually really like that they use that. Hey, everybody, Tim Edgelord here. And when I was recording this video, I didn't pay attention to my battery levels on my microphones and my microphones died. The second half of this video doesn't have any audio, so I had to re-record like a week later. So for those of you out there who are really good at Where's Waldo games when you were a kid, you'll notice that I'm wearing a different shirt. Wow, phenomenal. Back to the video. My favorite feature of the Solval SV06 is that the machine will automatically align the Z-axis.   It's a super cool feature, and I love to see that they included it on this machine. Next, you'll notice that the control box and the PSU are on the rails behind the printer. They're not underneath like where your customers are seeing these days, and this is the first printer I had this year where they were on the rails. There is probably room where they could have gone underneath, and I actually like this because it gives the SV06 quite a small footprint. Another thing is that all the prints that I've done on the Solval SV06, I have not used their slicer or the profile that came with this. I actually used Prusa Slicer, which is my slicer of choice. I jumped in, I grabbed the stock MK3S profile, I changed it or made a copy of it, and I changed it to be the bed size of the SV06. I changed the retraction, and I set the extrusion multiplier to one or made sure it was one. Other than that, nothing else. It's been printing really good, and I just want to say thanks to Taylor over at Nero3D for that tip because he said that's what he did with the profile, and it actually worked really good for me too. With that profile, I printed the clock spring resplendence vase. I think it's resplendence or resplendence vase. This thing came out really nice. The layers are tight. There's a lot of different intricate spots in here, and there's no gaps at all. This might be my favorite new clock spring vase, so check that out. There'll be a link in the description below, and this particular color is cookie cad sunrise, if you want to check out that. It came out really nice, very gorgeous print, and this printer just continues to wow me with everything I've printed on it. Now we talk about the part where I'm packing this printer up, and I'm shipping it out. Like I said, I'm getting rid of it, and I'm actually very sad to do that. If you couldn't tell, I really don't want to get rid of this printer. I've been using it for a couple weeks, and it's been solid, but there's something I can't ignore, or something I came across, and I can't say that for any other printer that I've tested this year at this price range, and for that reason this thing has got to go. Okay, enough with the sad stuff. The reason why I have to get rid of this thing is because in my opinion, the Soval SVO6 is the best budget 3D printer that you can get in 2022, that I've looked at in 2022. I can't think of another printer that's as good out of the box in this price range, and I know a maker that could really use this printer. This will be her first FDM printer. She does resin already and does some amazing work with resin, but because I trust this thing so much, I am packing my up and I'm shipping it to her. So if you're on Instagram, go find and follow little underscore house underscore of underscore lights, and check out all the awesome stuff that she's doing in her community with resin printing already. It is really cool, some of the stuff that she makes. I honestly can't wait to see what she does with an FDM printer, especially one that prints as good as this. And if you're looking for the best printer, in my opinion, of 2022, check this video out right here.


The long-awaited Samsung Galaxy S8 has arrived at Appalachian Wireless. Get yours for the introductory price of just $149.99 with a two-year service agreement. Better service, bigger savings. That's today's Appalachian Wireless, an East Kentucky network company. 26-year-old Leanne Vic of Auxer, who served as a Girl Scout troop leader in Floyd County, is accused of stealing a large amount of Girl Scout cookies. How much? $26,000 worth. Vic has been indicted in Pike County for about $15,000 of that alleged theft from the Wilderness Road chapter of Girl Scouts of America, which covers eastern Kentucky. The other $11,000 worth of cookies she allegedly stole from Boyd County but has not yet been charged there. Once she got these cookies and maybe even picked up some cookies for some other troops that she happened to see sitting there at the distribution center, nobody has seen Leanne Vic since then. They've not seen the cookies and they certainly haven't seen the money. The investigation into the alleged theft has indicated that Vic may have involved unwitting Girl Scouts in the scheme. Haley McGraw with the Wilderness chapter said in some instances in the situation, Scout sold cookies and gave the money to Vic, which she never turned in. McGraw said, however, that the scout troops allegedly victimized by Vic will not be penalized. Our job now is to work very closely with the parents and girls of that troop to make sure that whatever goals they have set, they can continue to meet. If they have plans to use the money financially, we will do what we can to ensure that they get there. But other troops in the area will not have to worry about covering for that or anything because it is not their fault that this situation occurred. Our biggest priority is to avoid any detriment to the girls' experience. We want to make sure that they're still able to benefit from Girl Scouting as long as they participate. Commonwealth's attorney Rick Bartley said Vic has had recent residences in Floyd and Knot counties and it's been difficult to find her so far. He said he hopes she can be found to find out what she did with the allegedly stolen money and cookies. It has hurt the local troop that was going to use this money for fundraising and for projects and it's hurt the bigger organization because now they're out nearly $20,000 and it's going to take a lot of cookie sales to make that up. Vic is charged with a Class C felony theft charge in the Pike County indictment meaning she is facing up to 10 years in prison if convicted. In Pike County, Chris Anderson, EKB News. 26-year-old Leigh Ann Vic of Auxure who served as a Girl Scout troop leader in Floyd County is accused of stealing a large amount of Girl Scout cookies. How much? $26,000 worth. Vic has been indicted in Pike County for about $15,000 of that alleged theft from the Wilderness Road chapter of Girl Scouts of America which covers eastern Kentucky. The other $11,000 worth of cookies she allegedly stole from Boyd County but has not yet been charged there. Once she got these cookies and maybe even picked up some cookies for some other troops that she happened to see sitting there at the distribution center nobody has seen Leigh Ann Vic since then, they've not seen the cookies and they certainly haven't seen the money. The investigation into the alleged theft has indicated that Vic may have involved unwitting Girl Scouts in the scheme. Haley McGraw with the Wilderness chapter said in some instances in the situation Scout sold cookies and gave the money to Vic which she never turned in. McGraw said however that the Scout troops allegedly victimized by Vic will not be penalized. Our job now is to work very closely with the parents and girls of that troop to make sure that whatever goals they have set they can continue to meet if they have plans to use the money financially we will do what we can to ensure that they get there but other troops in the area will not have to worry about covering for that or anything because it is not their fault that the situation occurred. Our biggest priority is to avoid any detriment to the girls experience. We want to make sure that they're still able to benefit from Girl Scouting as long as they participate. Commonwealth's attorney Rick Bartley said Vic has had recent residences in Floyd and Knot counties and it's been difficult to find her so far. He said he hopes she can be found to find out what she did with the allegedly stolen money and cookies. It has hurt the local troop that was going to use this money for fundraising and for projects and it's hurt the bigger organization because now they're out nearly $20,000 and it's going to take a lot of cookie sales to make that up. Vic is charged with a Class C felony theft charge in the Pike County indictment meaning she is facing up to 10 years in prison if convicted. In Pike County, Chris Anderson, EKB News.


Love's welcome back. I hope you're all well. So this is episode two of series wipe out which is a series, a video series I'm gonna be doing about book series. Once a month for this year because one of my biggest goals is to finish the amount of series I'm currently reading because it's a lot. It's a lot. It's a lot. It's a lot. So we did episode one with some series that you voted for for me to read. Over the course of the year I'm sometimes gonna be finishing individual book series and I'm sometimes gonna be finishing a few different series that I maybe have one book in. This time we're gonna be finishing a whole series in this vlog and that series is going to be The Green Bone Saga by Fondly. Now let's just...  My heart's going pitter-patter.  Let's just talk about how this is the longest book on my TBR and like the sixth longest book on my TBR and we're reading them this week. And I have to Jade War. The reason that we're starting with this series is I agreed to co-host a read-along for it, and the live show for Jade Wars tomorrow night. So the audio book is 24 hours long. It was great! If you don't know this is an adult high fantasy series where we're following kind of like mafia families where there's a substance called Jade that gives people their power, it gives people their special abilities, magic if you will, and we're following particularly one family, the cool family, who are basically in charge of the area they're in, their clan, they've got like, you know, people who are loyal to the clan, who live in their area, and the kind of clan wars that are happening at the moment. I'm trying not to spoil anything from the first book, but I really enjoyed the first book and I'm excited to finish this series. I don't know if this would have been the first series I would have picked to pick up for this vlog had I not agreed. I was like, yeah, I'll read Jade War by then.  But anyway, we have to finish Jade War by tomorrow. I've looked and at the speed I listened to the audio book, I think it'll take me about eight and a half hours of solid reading to read this, so that's what we've got to try and do. It's a bit scary, but I'm excited. I really love this series. It has its roots in Asian culture and customs, but it's obviously a fantasy world. I really love a lot of our characters and our family dynamics in this series. In fact, let's hear a little bit from Pals Megan when I've logged it before of what I thought about Jade City. It's been a long time since I've read like a detailed layered fantasy like this. I haven't been reading a lot of fantasy at all the past couple months and this just feels like the perfect thing to be reading. The one thing is that it is like a long book. It's not for main park. I feel terribly ill all of a sudden. I don't think I've read a book this long in a hot second. I do tend to read shorter books. I feel like nowadays. So I am struggling about 12 full length of it.  I keep switching between oh my god I'm really enjoying this and oh my god I'm bored. I think I think I'm gonna give this a 3.5 rounded up to 4 in good read. So you think okay that's fine, but I wanted to love this even more. And the biggest problem is I cannot put my finger on why I was a bit disappointed by it. I can't put my finger on why it's not getting a 4 or a 4.5 or a 5 because I was going and looking at reviews right? And I saw my friend Mina's review and she's one of the biggest reasons that I picked this book up that I wanted to read this book. And I was reading her review and I agree in principle with everything she's said.  That is my thoughts. We're gonna read these books. I am actually gonna take a bit of a breather in between them. I'm gonna read Not Happy Family by Sherylapina, not in this vlog. I'm reading this for my Patreon book club and vlogging it over there in between the books as a little breather. But other than that we're gonna be reading Jade War and Jade Legacy in this vlog. So I'm gonna go ahead and go start Jade War and I'll probably talk to you once I've read like the first 100 pages maybe. Okay so I am just over 100 pages into Jade War. My goal is tonight to get to like page 300. I don't know how well it's gonna happen but like listen we can dream because if I if I do that then I'm over halfway and I have less than a half to read tomorrow which I feel like we can do. So anyway I'm yeah 100 pages in and I'm really enjoying it. I was saying to my patrons I feel like when I have given the first book in a series four stars I kind of don't imagine that I'm gonna give the rest of the series anything more than that. I feel like the tone has been set. When I given the first book in a series five stars it could go down but when it's been less than that I kind of don't see it changing that much but I'm trying to go into this book with an open mind that it could because I'm really enjoying the start of this. Keep saying it. Just keep saying it. Keep saying it out loud and maybe you will convince hope. Don't worry none of these vlogs will have any spoilers just like none of my vlogs ever have spoilers so I'll try really really really hard not to spoil anything from Jade City but it is not easy because a lot happens in these books but I'm gonna try my best. So I'm really enjoying just the political maneuverings being back in this world where there's so much complexity. Like I haven't read an adult fantasy. I don't know when the last time I read an adult like a properly adult fantasy like complex high fantasy kind of stuff. Just being back with all of the family and how the dynamics have been left after the end of the last book is very interesting. Hilo as a character I found a bit difficult in the first book. I don't really want to say why but he's just like he's a bit of a different kind of character and I didn't dislike him but I just didn't love him. Like everyone tweets like oh my god Hilo. I love him. And I like didn't feel that way but this book I'm really enjoying seeing him in the role that he's in within the family and like him maneuvering that and him kind of working at his best or not working it as best. Like seeing where his his what sort of people skills lie and where his flaws lie. I think is really interesting. Anton is one of my favorite characters within the series. He is like a adopted kind of brother of the family and he's just been one of my favorite characters and I think he went on a really interesting kind of character arc at the end of Jane City and again I'm really loving seeing where his story goes in this one and I just kind of feel like in the first 100 page of this it's like a little bit of a step up. I don't know. I'm really enjoying it. I'm pleasantly surprised by how much I'm enjoying it right now. Morning! So last night I did not get as far through Jane Dwarf as I wanted. I really set myself up to fail today. I think I got to page like 190 but I am now on page 319 so I've read that much. Got that much left to read. And I'm still really really enjoying it so I think sometimes middle books in series often critiqued for being boring, for being a bit more slow but I actually like slow books if they're done well so I'm really enjoying all the political maneuverings and negotiations and and planning and plotting in this book. You already know the characters right? You already know this family so so well and so you immediately can kind of jump into that kind of political maneuvering and like figuring out where the clan goes from here and I just think I don't I don't know. I'm not minding that it's slow and it's obviously building us up in ways that I can't figure out because this you know adult fantasy as clever as this or you know I think of N.K. Jemisin or Robin Harp. Like you know all the adult fantasies require a bit of a brain. I just I just sit back and enjoy the ride. I'm like whatever you're doing just do it okay. I can't remember what tangent that was going on but regardless what I'm saying is I don't mind that it's a bit slower. I actually really enjoy that.  I actually don't think I'm gonna have a break. I don't think I'm gonna read Not Happy Family between the two. I think I'm just gonna go straight into Jade Legacy because I don't know maybe I'm like becoming like Aaron. Like wishful thinking.  You dream a lot and you're asleep. No not really. Aaron Marathon series and I've just been like could never be me. Could never be me but I'm immediately like I'm not even finished the book yet and I'm like I need to go read the next one and just like finish the series like be totally immersed in the world so that's what I think I'm gonna do. Another pro of this series in particular there's so many characters there's so many members of the family that you feel attached to. There's so many different moving parts that no one is ever safe. There's no necessarily main character in this book. Like if like any main character were to die other characters would step up and feel that whole.   Like you really don't know where it's gonna go. So I feel like that really does keep you on your toes and they're not with other fantasy books. I'm not like yeah sure Jan like you'll be fine. Like with this I actually get nervous. So I've got about three and a half hours left of the audiobook at full speed. I'm listening to a 3.2 sped up. They need to go eat. They need to put make-up on. So I'll still listen to the audiobook for that but obviously much slower. It's currently 20 past 11 so I feel like I'm gonna finish this with plenty of time. The live shows at six my time I think. So I think I'm gonna finish this with plenty of time. Okay. I feel the bits I need to do today but I'm feeling fine about finishing some time and I'm really enjoying it. I'm I'm actually shocked at how easy I'm finding it to read. I'm by myself. Wish I could solve your problems. They're stuck on my wall like me on paintings and I'm so tired of being honest to everyone by myself. I do it so well. We were so good at flying but we can't keep flying. We keep getting stuck on the wrong side of the mountain. We were so good at trying but we can't keep trying.  I think you saw me reading it. Oh my god. Like fondly I'm suing for emotional damages. I'm suing. I'm suing. The most hideous experience for me to go through how warm I'm feeling. It was horrific. It was horrific. I really enjoyed this. I can you believe I'm giving it 4.5 stars. I really enjoyed it. The reason it's not a 5 is there are moments where I think it's a bit slow. Like we could've edited a little bit, Miss Fonda. We could've cut a few scenes but on the whole I just think this was absolutely marvellous. The big pro of this book for me was how the world building was expanded. I love this infantasy when the world expands a little bit in each book, you know? Each book has a marked increase in the scope of our interest. So the first book we're very just much focused on like the country that we live in. This book it's very much about Kcon and this country called Espenia and diaspora communities in Espenia and the relations between Kcon and Espenia and the clans and I get a feeling in the last book we're gonna get even bigger and kind of there's been rumblings of this war that's going on but like I haven't really been paying attention to that. I love the characters. I was talking obviously on the live about with Mel and Aaron about this. I love the characters like I love Wen.  Justice for Wen. Justice for Wen. I love her. She's an icon. She's a legend and she is the moment. Now come on now. Andan though his scenes and his story lines out this book I think was my favourite and I hope like listen the thing with this book is like I said anyone can go. No one's safe. The characters that you think and the lead characters in this book could get the chop in a second like literally in half a page. Oh they're dead. Oh they're dead you know like that could easily happen so but I'm hoping andan isn't gonna die and um I'm hoping that he will play a big role in the in the third book and um yeah listen the writing is different. I think it's another reason it's not a five staff meme. It's different than my favourite type of writing. Like I can recognize it's great writing but it's very like matter-of-fact writing and like in a perfect world my favourite writing is kind of like beautiful. I like pretty writing you know. Whether that be like like Terjin can read right it's not flowery writing but I feel like her writing is very beautiful and very poignant or fairy prose is kind of you know beautiful writing. My kind of thing this writing almost feels scientific it feels very to the point so that isn't my favourite but I can I can recognize the prose of it if that makes sense and I just loved it. I really enjoyed it and I was like I said I was gonna read a book in between the two but now I'm not. I am just gonna dive straight into Jade Legacy tonight. I'm terrified. I don't know how it's gonna go like I feel like it could not like you know it's there's gonna be a lot.  Be ready. I'm not ready but like you know so yes I'm gonna go start this. Oh my god you guys it's so big. The audiobook this is 28 hours long. I don't know when I check in with you when I'm a bit of a way through. I'm going out tomorrow so I don't know if I'll I don't think I'll read up to this point like up to a point I can check in with you tonight but probably after I've read will I'm out tomorrow I will be able to check in with you so I'll see you after that. And I'm thinking out loud we won't need nothing else for the rest of our time. Hey! Okay so what did you tell them like a mess? Sorry then I looked like a mess. It's a bit a few days later um I've actually been crazy busy the first the last I'm tired we'll get into it. I've been crazy busy the last couple days so basically it's Thursday night now. Tuesday night I went out to an award ceremony in London with Tom's work and then last night I live in Essex and I used to go uni in Leeds and I was nominated for an award a Royal Television Society Award in Leeds um so me and my family drove up and back in the same day which we don't know it's like a someone between a four and five hour drive all all things considered we drove them back in the same day like this hour long award ceremony um I didn't win so we don't need to talk about it um but we didn't get into like two in the morning last night so I we've all been fucking knackered today but I'm actually 150 pages into Jade Legacy I could have been further through because I probably should have read more of this in the car yesterday but I was just in the mood to listen to music which very really happened so I I honored my intuition I listened to myself no okay anyway I'm 150 pages in and I'm loving it here's the thing this is the longest book on my tbr currently longer than Wolf Hall longer than anything else it's how long 713 pages it's a chunky boy and you know the font the font is small but I'm I'm really enjoying it and I don't feel intimidated of it diving into it straight after Jade War I feel like I'm like amped up ready I needed a few days I think to like separate the books in my mind because that's the thing with like marathoning series I do then find it difficult later on down the line to differentiate my feelings between the books so I feel like having a few days you know it gave me a little bit of a breather I just think listen Miss Miss Fondely she no she she writes characters and she writes them well here's the thing he loved this other book I was ready I was pissed at this man we were not on speaking terms right because he'd done something that is always you're done in my book at that point you are done in my book I was fuming I was mega mega mega fuming but suddenly 150 pages later he's turned it around doesn't he he's turned it around and I don't think as many characters or authors that can do that for me when I'm like I'm done with you we're done you're going down a route I don't like and then all is forgiven all is forgiven and usually like even if say I won't get too into spoilers but like say stuff was forgiven in the book right I would usually not still forgive I hold grudges but forgive him I've forgiven him and I'm just like you know we're at the start of the book we're not very far in but I know it's all gonna kick off and I'm a little bit scared but I'm also excited I'm also excited I've enjoyed the start we we've only had a few but I can't speak we've already had a few curfews chucked in there feel like whoa whoa didn't see that coming and I know it's just gonna get worse and we've just skipped five years suddenly I was pretty warned that this spans a lot of time but literally from the chapter I'm about to read I'm just starting we're suddenly five years in the future so I'm like what is the situation what's happening someone is for me so I'm gonna try and I want to ideally get like halfway through this tonight I don't know if that's gonna happen but I would love that so we'll see we'll see how far I get okay so I am halfway through Jade Legacy listen this book is long it's a long boy like it's over 700 pages but it is readable like I am really enjoying the experience of reading this series wonderly I haven't I think I have a greater experience um excuse me a greater appreciation for reading this series for this series I can't speak whoa I have a greater appreciation for this series because of my experience of reading it all together like the second and third book all together this book tackles a lot a lot is happening so much is happening it constantly keeps you going reading around like the 250 yeah 200 to like 250 to 300 page mark there was like an event that happened that I was shook like I was like I could not stop reading I didn't plan to Karen reading I plan to do some other stuff but a bitch gotta read sometimes a bitch gotta read like it kept me hurt this is a place for legend okay I really love just the route that this is taking and the time we're getting to spend these characters like I obviously don't finish series that often and particularly not series that have so many like important characters and so much lore and history for the characters and it's just a really enjoyable reading experience and I haven't read you know adult fantasy a long time it's just making me feel like a lot less intimidated into reading the bigger books the more intimidating books on my tbr I will say I mean in this book in the first 360 pages we've already spanned I think about 13 years in this book yeah 13 years already and I will say perhaps although I enjoy the route that is taking us down with this slower war this more drawn out conflict these more like long-term decision-making and the way that maybe something you did back then which was good is now bad you know what I mean like the weighing up of all these factors but in terms of the characters sometimes it you feel like I don't know them as well now I feel like I don't know our main characters as well as I did in Jade war because we haven't been spending as much time with them so that is something that I'm not enjoying as much of this book but I think this book is more readable like it's I think it's better I think it's objectively amazing but yeah I just I just think you have pros and cons I think the story needs to be told in that kind of drawn out time scale but there are cons to doing it in that way that are difficult to avoid so I am still really enjoying it the world is just completely incredible like I think this is one of the biggest masterpieces of writing I've ever read I think it's absolutely amazing I kind of don't want to finish it like it's crazy to me but I'm gonna try and get as far through it as tonight as I can I would like to get maybe to page 500 tonight it's like another 130 ish pages um but we shall see but yeah it's just it's incredible how fondly has come up with all of this in her brain a few moments later oh no please stop it so listen to me right listen listen I need everyone's attention I need everyone's attention the crying you just saw was nothing nothing in comparison to what you know occurred after that I was screaming I had my headphones on listening to a book I was like screaming crying Tom took my headphones off he was like listen like you're loud listen to how loud you are I was like I know a bitch like everyone needs to know what I'm going through I'm not trying to be quiet here it's not funny get out if you're gonna continue to laugh and be fun of me and turn it in my heart was broken I'm like actually like miss fondly miss fondly like I no no one can speak to me for five days like genuinely I need to be left alone I just ripped out and like stomped on you guys this book is a masterpiece this series is a masterpiece fondly is a genius like the way suffering book one you know comes back and the way this is just I mean like how can a human plot this how can a human come up with this I actually refuse to believe it how can you be that clever how can you be that much of a genius that much of a genius like not possible actually not possible I'm giving it five stars giving it five stars five stars I absolutely loved it it's crazy to me that I went from being like pretty disappointed with jade city I only gave it I gave it 3.5 I didn't even realize that then gave jade wall 4.5 then gave this five I'm absolutely I feel broken I feel broken I have been cheating myself by not the coming on with series like what why have I been doing this to myself because like the way by this book you're so attached to these characters and you've been through so much with them and you know them so well like you know them like the back of your hand and you want them to like be safe and be okay and be happy like it's I'm so sad like this is one of the best fantasy series I have ever read in terms of its masterpiece like masterfulness master mother I don't know it's amazing it's amazing I feel like everyone needs to go read this I agree the best maybe the best in the entire world and like I will say I think the reason I rated jade city lower is because it did take me that book to like get used to all the different characters we have and get to know them and like the setting and like the pace of the book whereas with these books I was kind of used to it by then and that's why I was able to love them so much more so if you've read jade city and you kind of weren't sure whether you wanted to carry on with the series or kind of paying it off like carry on with it it's it's actually genius actually actually genius actually genius I don't know how she's done it it is incredible actually Miss Fonda miss what are you calling her miss Fonda I just feel like she's so amazing that it's like you know I have to be respectful she tweeted yesterday which I thought you know perfect timing she tweeted I'm gonna say it the green bird saga is far too often sold as action yes the fight scenes are some of my favorites but readers who aren't big on a lot of chewy world building political machinations and family drama should probably look away and it's like so true yes the action seems good but like they're sprinkled it's not the main plot the main plot is that political maneuvering and the family the family drama the family relationships like it's genius the way that each character like had their moment had their moment no matter who your favorite character is they have their moment in the kind of ending of this book and I just want to say it I'm putting it out there I'm putting it out there when is my favorite character anyone who says she's stupid anyone who says they don't like her decisions can get fucked me when I see any when haters in the comments oh he's not meant to be in here as he got in here get out I love when when I haven't described this if you don't know you probably won't know but when is Hilo's partner and when is a stone eyes that means that she can't have jade powers she doesn't get any powers from jade and her journey from being a stone eye which is very looked down upon in society to getting where she gets at the end of this book is incredible and the way that she is a woman navigating a man's world and using her role as a woman in the family to get where she needs to be and to do what she needs to do for the clan is I love her like I won't take criticism I won't take it not listening and in this second then I don't know who's third I can't decide who's third but they're my they're my you know they're my fave so anyway I loved this I would absolutely recommend you go and pick this series up and what a great start to like marathoning series which is going to be my life a little bit for the next year to try and get through series I love it I feel like this is a new me I love that so yeah let me know if you've read any of the books in this series down below what you thought of them if you now need to get to jade war jade legacy because you do if you go to the end of this video leave a green heart down below thank you so much for watching you guys I love you so much and I'll see you very soon in another video bye


What's up everybody Jason here from jazby's case brace calm 2020 21 panini prism draft picks basketball two box Random letter number one just sold out and again. It's 19 total spots This goes by players first name first letter. So I can example Anthony Edwards would go to a Obi-Topping would go to oh and remember all cart ship and they're gonna be sorted out by letters So no teams no random packs. It's all letters So you're gonna get letter a all the way down to the combo letters, which is x y z and all other letters So good luck guys. Here's the dice roller. Here's the customer names that are in the break Here are the list of letters in the combo. So good luck. Let's roll it and we got ourselves a three or three six times Good luck six times one two three four five six Diego down Iran six times one two three four five six Letter C down to letter a So Diego you have letter C gave with K gave with e Ben with s Ronan with N Brenton with be Pat with P gave with I Mike with letter G Jeremy with letter D Brenton with letter O Ron with letter T Ron healed and then Ron renter our Rittner. Sorry with letter X Y Z and all other letters Roman you have letter R Derek with J Eric with you and V Brenton with L Jeremy with M and Ron H with letter A So if anybody wants to make any trades for letters potentially you guys have about a minute and This breaks down to one And this break is also down to one. All right guys. What's gonna happen? So Someone sell out this filler spot right here so that way I can post up another one. All right looks like someone sold it out Coolio So let me pose up the next filler guys, and that'll be the last one that sells out the mixer. Let's go Not sure Jonathan. I have about 22 orders to go through. I'm not looking at those I'll let you know if you got last bomb older or not once I go through orders I want to get done with these breaks here first, and then I'm gonna go through every single order All right guys, let's close the trade window. Let's take it what you got All right guys, so yes the mixer is officially sold out and this filler is sold out, and I have uploaded number 58 that is the last one here. This sells off the mixer and we can break that tonight Remember this break is also up for I expect to get this done tonight as well Let's do some late-night breaks here at Jasper's case breaks Let's do it and also guys like this break is also sold out. So we're gonna be doing that soon as well Actually Even better, so we're gonna add that to the schedule at some point I already posted the filler all over unless someone already grabbed a spot, but I'm assuming that the fillers gonna be the quickest way to do it. Some people already took spots all over sorry That's why I said guys grab spot straight up earlier Don't miss out. All right Let's do this break now Good luck everybody So this will be sold out by letters Random letters. All right. Good luck. So again all caused our shipping So this will go to letter T for Theo, but I'm just gonna more announce some of the bigger hits so Saudi Bay going to S and out of 49 Ramsey, that's like a little pulsar. I'm gonna go to letter J for the first thing Jayam Jemez Ramsey There you go Killian Hayes going to letter K And we got a Kyra Lewis Junior to 44 going to letter K Max James Wiseman You got tires maxi and Tyrell Terry to 128 Going to letter T Ron with that one Ron H Killian Hayes Let her K going to Gabe No problem James Lamello ball going to L. Brenton Lamello crusade Silver and we got Emanuel quickly Yeah Yeah, that's fine, whatever you Ramsey and Cole Anthony Payne Berger Danny Grand Riller trade Jones to 49 and precious Killian Hayes and Patrick Williams So Grant going to G. That is Mike last one of the first box We have Tyrese Halberton And out of 53 Cole Anthony Nice little cracked ice feel letter C going to Diego Patrick Williams and Killian All right, next one James Wiseman Josh Green and Tyrell Terry another one for letter T and Ron Cassia Stanley going to letter C Diego RJ Hampton Silver and Patrick Williams so RJ going to Roman and Patrick letter P going to Pat Wolf and Killian Precious right there Top five pick. Very nice I feel like when I've seen one Lamello ball, there's another insert to follow and let's see if this is the third time I've seen that Cole Anthony Tramp Forest Auto going to letter T Ron Wow, this is the first time I didn't see that Tyler and Marcus and going to Jeremy Not a jinx myself, but there's always been like two inserts of Lamello Every time I've seen him pop up And the two blocks around unpack I ended up getting a nice Lamello number card. It was pretty sick All right, two more practice Anthony Edwards and Isaiah Stewart when I gave Yeah, Jaden McDaniels going to letter J Derek Number 299 Marcus Howard Get RJ on the last power guys Anthony Edwards Tyrus Maxie Sam Merrill When asked Ben Marcus Howard David Tillman when acts Ron rinter or a Rittner, sorry There you go All right, guys will a lot of hits being penny-slate to be top-loader guys including all the autos But everything does ship guys and it'll go by the letter you were assigned So there you go guys This was 20 21 panini prison draft picks random letter two bucks break number one might put up a number two guys So check it out. Jasper's case breaks.com


This paper compared several different velocity estimation techniques for use in robotic manipulators. The techniques were evaluated based on their accuracy, tracking performance, and robustness to sensor faults. The results showed that sliding mode observers provided the most accurate and reliable estimates, while also being able to track well even with sensor failures. This article was authored by S. B. Lu, Andrea Giusti, and Mathias Althoff.


What do I see when I look at this figure? Well, there's four plates shown here, the North American plate, the Rivera plate, the Pacific plate, and the Cocos plate. Let's make sure we understand how they're all moving relative to each other. Well, over here, there's a ridge between the Pacific plate and the Rivera plate, and that's a divergent boundary. So we can draw some arrows to show which way they're moving. So this is a spreading center. And now these arrows I've drawn, luckily, they jive with the transform fault down here between the Rivera plate and the Pacific plate. So the Rivera plate's moving from west to east, and the Pacific plate is swinging up to the east. Now this is kind of a complicated area because this is where three plates come together, and clearly the authors who drew this figure weren't exactly sure how that worked. But since there's some normal faults here, my sense is that the Rivera plate and the Cocos plate must have some motion between them that might be pulling apart. But where exactly this boundary between all three plates is kind of complicated, obviously. Well, so there's still a Cocos plate and the North American plate. And there's a great big subduction zone that runs along like this. And I'll draw the teeth on it a little bigger so you can see it better. So the teeth are usually drawn on the overriding plate, and that means that we've got a subduction zone where the Cocos plate is heading this way, and the North American plate is heading that way. The Cocos plate and the Rivera plate at an oblique angle are diving underneath the North American plate at this boundary. Now this boundary right here that I'm sort of marking out in red, this is just the boundary between the ocean and the land. So this is the shoreline. The North American plate is everything on land plus this amount of continental shelf before you get to the trench. And then the Cocos plate, Rivera plate, and Pacific plate are all out in the ocean. So this big subduction zone is probably the most important thing for our discussion. And as these plates go down this trench, they're causing volcanism and uplift back here on the continent. And that's where the Primavera caldera is located back in here.


It's Friday and my pup is here. Hello. Okay, anyway, hi, it's Friday. Um, yeah, so things are good. I am busy at work, which I'm working right now, but I just, you know, it's one o'clock and I need, you know, I need a minute. Um, so I figured I'd call, not call. I've been on a lot of calls already today. Um, I figured I would check in with y'all and see how you guys are doing. I slept way better this past night and, um, I actually allowed myself to sleep in a little bit, which was good because this guy woke me up at, what time did you wake up again, doobers? It was like three, I think, two-thirty-three o'clock somewhere in there?  So we did. We did. We would, we did it. I know, I know. Anyway, so, um, yeah, that's what's going on here. I have, um, those two, like, happy hour conference call things. One's at three-thirty and the other one's at four-thirty. And we even got a reminder email today that had, like, images of cocktails. So I really, I enjoy that our HR team is, like, encouraging us to drink on a Friday, because I think we all, that, uh, can handle booze. I think we all need a little bit. So, uh, I probably will not be partaking. I do have a few bottles of wine and I have liquor here. I don't drink beer, but I am just not going to finish the whole bottle of wine. So it seems kind of like a waste, you know? So, um, I am going to just drink my water. I don't know, maybe I'll have a ginger ale or something. Speaking of ginger ale, I should probably drink one of those today, because I have a, I had a headache really bad this morning. I woke up with a headache. Thankfully it wasn't a migraine, which is good. Um, but just, you know, feeling a little bit of residual a lot of times. A little bit of that, like, carbonated sugar water, like, really helps me. Like, I really like, like, Sprite or 7up does the trick too, but I think right now in the fridge I have ginger ale. I think, I don't know, I don't know what I have in the fridge, but it's fine. Um, but yeah, so, uh, I'm gonna check in with you guys in a little while. Probably after I'm done working, probably. And, um, just wanted to say hey, good afternoon, happy Friday, and I'll see you in a little bit. Bye! Okay, well I am done with work for the week, which is great. Looked at my hours, and I'm, it's got quite a few hours of overtime this week, and I'll probably have overtime next week too, but that is just fine with me. I mean, I'm just sitting here, um, I was gonna finish up this project I'm working on, and I'm like, you know what, it's gonna take me another hour or two, so I don't really feel like I should be working at 7pm on a Friday, so I'm gonna just, gonna just pass. I mean, nothing's gonna get done right now anyways, so, whatevs. So, oh okay, I need that sticky for Monday. All right, so it's time to go downstairs and eat a little something for dinner. I've been trying to get better at, um, um, eating like sooner in the, in the nighttime, so I don't know. Because normally I would get done at work like right now, like 5.15, because it's 5.15 currently, but then it, uh, I live quite a distance from my office, so it would take me an hour or so to get home, and then walk the dog, which I've already done today, so that's fine, and then, um, yeah, it would just, you know, takes a long time, so then by like 7.30, then I'm having dinner, which is fine, but then I have to go to bed like early, you know, plus I'm an old lady, so I like to go to bed early if possible, if I can actually like get to sleep. So anyway, I think I'm gonna have, um, my leftovers from yesterday. I'll probably still have those tomorrow as well. Um, this is what the dog is doing. The dog, um, actually got to join me for one of the happy hours. He was actually pretty good. He sat on me, um, I had to like pick him up, and he didn't like that, but then as soon as we sat down, he was like, oh, okay, that's not too bad, because he got to sit at the desk, which he never gets to do, so, um, yeah, but the people were like, oh, look, it's Mr. Doyle. So yeah, two happy hours in one day, and I didn't have a drop of booze, y'all. So anyway, well, I am gonna call it quits for right at the moment here. I am gonna take Doyle out real quick and let him pee, and, um, just heat up leftovers. It's not very exciting, but you know what? Since exciting is it's gonna get right now, so I'm just gonna take it. So I will see you guys in just a little bit. Bye. Oh man. All right, so it's a few hours later. It's like 7.30, but y'all, I am tired, and I was like sitting on the sofa, and I'm like, my back is all like, I don't know, twinge-y. Doesn't feel good. So I think I'm gonna pop in Advil and go to bed, like just lay down. I think because I'm sitting in this like office chair all day, um, and I don't really like get up.  But like, I am literally just sitting all day and I think it's getting to my body. So yeah. So I'm just gonna go to bed early because like legit, obviously I have nothing to do. There's a dog over there, right there. Hey Marty. But yes, I'm gonna call it quits here. Thanks for hanging out with me today. I know today was probably a little bit more, here we look at Doyle too.  So anyways, if you guys like the video, make sure to give it a thumbs up. Feel free to subscribe and I will see you again tomorrow for another vlog. I'll talk to you guys later. Bye.


What's going on, everyone? Sam here with late in sports cards. We're up in one box of 2022. Panini National Treasures Baseball for Curtis G, aka Span. So good luck here, Span. Let's do it, buddy. Come on, baby. Let's see something big. First break mojo here. Come on, baby. Yeah, they have very weird rules about breaking. Very weird rules. Like I said, they're strange, man. They're just, they're strange. They're very strange. Yandee Diaz, 81 out of 99 for the raise on the jersey card. Second hit is going to be a Eli Morgan, 63 out of 99. Jumbo rookie jersey for the guardians. Nice one there. Followed by, for the Mets, that is going to be a game use jersey to a 49. Mike Piazza, that is Hall of Fame material. It's a nice one there. Pizza man. Picky Anderson, I like that. I'm going to start using that, Wahoos. That's fantastic. We've got a Logan Allen, that's going to be 3 of 25 on the three-color patch auto for the guardians. That's player worn. Next up, we've got a 65 of 99. Steel City, Ronzi Contreras, rookie jersey auto. This is a very strange nickname. Signature names. We've got signature names, Chas McCormick. That's going to be the, oh, Chas Manion Devil. That makes sense. 21 out of 20. I thought that's a Chainsaw Devil, and I was like that. It's weird. But no, Chas Manion Devil. The Chainsaw Devil. What is it? A horror movie? What are we doing here, Bernini? Nice three-color patch. RPA. That's awesome. This next one's nasty right here. The Chainsaw Devil, Chas McCormick. I was reading it upside down. I'm like, what? You guys stop reading things upside down. I know, man. I set myself up for failure, Donnie. You really do. This one's sick. We've got a Kyle Muller, three-colored RPA, 93 out of 99. Nice one there. Magnus, next one. This next one's sick. Nice Muller. That is nasty, man. Great patch probably from the A in Brave. That would be a really hardcore nickname. Chainsaw Devil is what he's known as from here on out. Yeah, very true. That'll forever be it right there. Nice one here. Span, we've got 22 out of 99. How about a Bobby Witt Jr.? Boom. Rookie Jersey Auto. That is nasty. On card as well. There you go, Span. Congrats, buddy. Let's go. There you go, Span. Congrats, buddy. We'll get that magged up for you, man. We've got, that's going to be five out of 99, Nick Nashtriini on the Jersey Auto. Congrats on that for the Dodgers. The Chainsaw Devil. And then we've got nice one here. That is going to be 11 out of 25 Hall of Fame materials. Ken Griffey Jr., the kid. That should be game used. Yes, it is. Game worn slash used material. The kid. There you go, Span. Congrats on that, buddy. That will do it for your break there, Span. Thanks again for the support. Nice first hit in your first break here. That Witt is awesome. We'll get those right out to you, man.