Thank you, can everybody hear me all the way to the back to I'm gonna talk like this No protests. Okay, I guess My name is Philip by I'm gonna talk the first half of this talk about crowdsourcing genome-wide association studies Here's an overview first me Until the privacy implications and after that Basti So first of all, what are genome-wide association studies? The purpose of genome-wide association studies is to link genetic variants single nucleotide polymorphisms To certain traits like eye or hair color or even probabilities to develop diseases like diabetes or certain types of cancer What is a single nucleotide polymorphism? What you see here is the DNA of two individuals and a single nucleotide polymorphism means that a single nucleotide is switched between both The top one is a GC and bottom one is a TA. So it's just on one position and In the lab if you want to analyze SNPs, you have to use microarrays, which if you recall high school are based on the principle that DNA strands bind to their antagonists. So what we have here are fixed probes and in the middle we have a fully complementary strand binding and because these probes are labeled with fluorescence, you can see the light in the lab and Geno-wide association studies work by basically taking a whole population and then grouping it in two groups Here we have a healthy person and with a nice head a carry-over disease In this example, let's say it's prostate cancer So if we split them up, we have the healthy people on the left and the prostate cancer people on the right and Then we check certain SNPs and the SNPs have unique names always starting with RS and then some number and Because we are diploids we have two nucleotides at that position So to the left you see TT, TG, GG and to the right you see GG, GG, TG and GVAS work by Comparing the frequencies then you can see here our healthy population has TT 33% 50% TG and our prostate cancer population has 60% GG So that's a big difference and we can link the GG SNP to prostate cancer and Some couple of real-life examples. So let's get all identified four variants which are linked to heightened risk to develop diabetes type 2 There's a slightly weird study by Kogan et al which linked one SNP to pro-social behavior It's not that it's a bit, how do you say? controversial and Big study good study is from the Wellcome Trust which linked 24 of these SNPs to seven major diseases So there's always a couple of problems of genome-wise association studies here We have we have to have a large enough sample size We have to correct for multiple testing and of course correlation is not always causation and nowadays GRAS can be used by the private customer by direct to consumer genetic testing companies Like for example 23 and me or decode me They analyze about a million SNPs and put a summary of the disease risks together with Anson Street and it's just 200 bucks It's not much. It's nothing A couple of the companies doing that and the best thing is that they send you the raw data. They don't lock it up from you looks for example like that and 23 me alone has over a hundred thousand customers and According to their numbers 76% of their customers agreed to proceed to have their data used in research and 59% of them shared their phenotypic information with the companies after said phenotypic information is everything that which is Describing your body meaning phenotype could be eye color or risk to develop diabetes or skin color all of that and There's research going on in these company labs Turn if you meet published a couple of studies with up to 3,000 participants of their Customers On the one hand they were able to replicate all the studies which showed that their approach works and on the other hand they found a couple of new associations for Parkinson's and The problem is that People are already sharing their raw data from these DTC companies with other researchers and About one to five percent of all customers of 23 and me would allow would be able to share their data there would Be okay with that and there's one project going on the personal genome project Which is open data, but it's close participation. So not everybody can participate if they even wanted to and We made a small Questionnaire we asked around 100 200 people if they wanted to participate or if they wanted to share their data 68% would share their data and 26% would share the data but not with everybody only with the companies and only 6% would not share their data at all and We asked what what are the reasons for sharing the data and you can see here most of them would share because of possible personal benefits, which we will talk about later again and most of them wanted to help scientists with their research and Now I give over to Basi Okay, so We are really in favor of doing those open genome wide as a station studies Which would allow everybody to do studies on their own So you don't need a large lab and the best thing about it It's already paid for so if individuals get genotyped on their own costs and make the data available to the public We all could use the data for our own research. So There are some implications by making our genotypic information public sharing 1 million markers with the public is Problematic for some reasons, but there are also some good positive consequences out of this and we have to warn you If you think about this there are possible extreme bad consequences, which could arise out of it So you should really make sure you know what you are doing it if you really would everybody to know about your open data So on the positive side first of all you will gain more knowledge about you first of all because if you make your data available to the public you will get More people which share the same diseases share the same phenotypic information like you and it's just Yeah, like patients like me you get others to share experiences on your diseases or traits Then it's nice for everybody because it's cheap open science if you use Openly available data for something you can make nice science without spending up money out of it and it's not even feasible for trained researchers which have Related universities for a long time, but everybody with an internet access could use such you know typing information for their own projects and The negative consequences first of all it's people might know more about you than you would like them to know Yesterday there was a talk about forensics how DNA fingerprinting is used by law enforcement agencies So this is one thing you should keep in mind other things are your boss or your next boss might get hold of the data And may use it in things or in ways you won't like them to do so You might not get a job or your health insurance company will raise their rates or even not ensure you at all because of some Genetic information that you will might develop a risk or have elevated risk factors Another thing is this knowledge isn't static Phil said there's one billion markers which are tested but up to now We only know have associations for about 30,000 of those markers So it's nearly still a million left, which we don't know what they are doing if they are doing anything at all so Even if you're quite informed about what your genetic information right now says you have no guarantee that not Two days from now there will be some publication with which links snip six six six to some kind of deadly disease You will develop in five years from now and everybody knows because they published already your data. So make sure you know about this and well your data is Not only Informative about you but also about your next of kin So your parents and especially your own children will have similar Information so I'll illustrate this on my own example I've published my data already and it's I have this nice a a Allee here and this means I have one point six times higher risk for breast cancer Which might not sound that much, but it's nice to know But this also says that my dad and my mom will have at least one a and this one a already means that They will have at least a one point times higher risk for breast cancer as well and with some more elevated statistics You can even figure out the frequencies of these Alleles in the population and you can get a quite good view on they are risk factors as well So you should make sure that your next of kin might also agree with publishing your data the same is true if I Have a daughter or son someday and yeah, even they will have one a at least so again You can't say if they will develop a disease or not just by me publishing their data So they are consent would be needed as well So possible solutions to this Yeah for future this heart So what about laws because there are already some laws in place which try to minimize the impact of public genetic information The first of the United States is the genetic information on discrimination act and this is aimed Mainly at insurance companies. So and your future employees. So What it basically says is insurance companies or others may not discriminate you because of your genetic information, which may be available Because they did some hidden testing without your knowledge But this does not keep this is only for basic health insurance So life insurance for example could still be denied because of your genetic information Here in Germany, we have the game diagnostic visits Which is I think a bit harder because it basically makes it not that legal to perform those direct to customer genetic testing at all so it's They sell it here in Germany, but it's still not really clear if they are really allowed to do so But if you want to get a test you still can do so But besides of all those problems and possible influences with laws We did a platform for those who still want to share if you are not totally freaked out and say oh god those genetic information will kill me we've built open SNP and What basically allows you is to upload your data there a genetic information and phenotypic information as much as you will and If you are a customer your benefits out of it is mainly because you get access to really really many publications or primary literature on genetic information if you're interested in this for researchers or citizen scientists It's clear you get the data and it's a Cheap way to get lots of data to use near on research So up to then there was no central repository for open genotypings. There were about 50 people who already uploaded their data to github or source forage if you remember it Stuff like this and you had to do a lots amount of research to find all this data If you wanted to use it and mostly where there was no phenotypic information about diseases, etc So yes, we've created it and people are using it already and So what are this? It's really open. It's CC zero. So it's basically public domain all the data in there. So it's Yeah, genetic information should not be owned by anybody with things. So it's really open and can be used for everything you would like to do with it and Yeah, it allows users to annotate phenotypes and it's completely crowdsourced. So we don't make any Yeah, we don't make any suggestions what you should enter or not people can go there and say I would like to know your phenotypic information about SAT scores So and people already do enter their test results from high school basically or on nicotine dependence hair color stuff like this and there's Some disease grisks or if there's somebody in the family who develop cancer sometimes so people are entering this and Everybody can download everything the only thing that will be kept from everybody is the email addresses and passwords of the users Besides from this you can get a complete dump of all the data and perform research with it And so far we got 81 genotypings and 20 27 users So as we said we would need 1% at least of 23 meat customers, which would be 1000 users So we've 8% so far and the numbers are rising So we are optimistic that someday we will have enough data to be used in open genome-wide association studies So to conclude everything we think G-Wiz will be the future of personalized medicine because the numbers of customers for direct to consumer genetic testing are rising still It gets cheaper every year. I think 23 and we start with prices of around thousand US dollars five years ago. No, it's 200 euros so you see the prices are dropping and more and more people will get genotyped and More and more people are willing to share their data as we've seen in our survey 67% would be willing to share their data and Yeah, it's in the hands of all of us to make or break the situation So we could make good science out of it or we could publish total crap like Philip Said the study on pro-social behavior on this. This was done with 23 People which were genotyped so the sample size is basically nothing and you shouldn't get published But somehow they got into proceedings of the National Academy of Science in the US. So, yeah we shouldn't do this and Yeah, we have the chance to take science in our own hands So it gets out of the company walls where 23 and we sits on this large large amount of data and The public can't make use of it and other researchers can't use it as well and So far we have won the public library of science and mentally binary battle with open snip and We've got some funding through the German Wikimedia Foundation. So it's only 5000 euros, but this would be I think 25 More people genotyped which would be public available and if you're interested in getting genotyped We will release more details on this in the next year. So, yeah, check it out if you want to get genotyped and don't have the money And Yeah, we are constantly improving the project currently We are working on including an API to deliver genetic information using the distributed and annotation system Which is widely used in genetics for genome browsers and stuff like this. So others can build third-party tools out of it And yeah, basically, that's already it. So Thanks, and if you have questions regarding privacy and stuff like this go on You definitely not a switch and speakers or so. Okay They said they would do a switch in the speaker. So what anyways now q&a we have again a microphone here running around and one signal Angel sitting in the IRC and apparently there are already some questions and Before I do the Before we start with that again, if you see any matter bottles, please bring them out Yes, so now we can start the first question. I would say from the audience and then we go over to the IRC Thank you. Thank you for the interesting talk Was an issue. I didn't know about anything. So very interesting my question or what you You just make very short summary. So I think there are lots of aspects we can talk about but the most interesting for me would be as you said if I publish my genome I Cannot see the effect that will have in the future because of the research which is coming up Which can also be like okay, there will be a Theoretically you can tell me what my intelligence is or whatever. So and The much more interesting aspect I think if the impact which would will have for my children and maybe the children of my children and very much Aspects so on and we had like these discussion about post privacy also And do you think we will have like in the future like in 100 years? Like everybody has a public genome and we will know like every everything about everybody It will this be a possible future or do you think we will have to go more the way? Okay, nobody can publish this because it's too dangerous What is your opinion in which direction? basically personally, I'd say we're probably landing somewhere in the middle like people like us publishing it and There's too much information about you in there So I don't think that everybody's gonna release it and it's it's too too important for the insurance companies and for your kids and everybody I don't think we're gonna have all open genomes for everybody Do you think I differ on this because it's Yeah, ten years ago the first human genome was published and it cost about three billion US dollars and took ten years Now you can do it in a week for about 10,000 euros so and this price is still dropping at the same rate basically it's a More slow is slow against it. So we will have the situation where it's gets at least affordable It's not a question of the price So I think we already see that people get their full genome fully sequenced if they have some kinds of diseases So it's in medical applications. We already do it and up to now we have not figured out how to deal with all the data So basically it keeps biologists like Philip in your life and in job Yet To have all this data and I think we will get there that all the data is available Yeah, if it's cheap enough you can't stop people from just taking a sample of you Yesterday in the forensics talk how many DNA you are losing every single second. So I Think we'll get there So on your website do you ask for people's names or is it important that you have the identity or could these be anonymous? Most of them are anonymous. You don't we're not Google. We don't have a real name policy Okay, so how do you know if the data is real? Do you get it directly from the company somehow? We have no way to a certain if the data is real you can't say it could be that you upload your sister stuff or some from some random stranger We can't is this much of a concern or have you thought of systems where you would have a cooperation with one of the companies or? it is not yet a concern of course, but Even if we were to work together with the company I don't know it's because then we would get the real names and we don't need them. We don't want them Yeah, I think companies will not be willing to give other data directly just out of liability and privacy concerns, which was totally Yeah, it's a I think they won't do it because it's a Yeah, it's still a liability risk that I won't be want to get sealed because somebody checked the box and didn't really know what he did So they might not do it The authenticity of the data, I think there's no Benefit from uploading some fake data up to now. So when the lesson is not yet a problem that might be some day But I don't see the benefit of vandalizing it. So it's not even fun to upload a fake genotyping How much actually is the? Acquirement of DNA sequencing today and can a private person Buy it on his own and when will be the time to buy it on his own to have real sort of freedom? I mean in a sort of in a way of open source hardware DNA sequencing whatever There are some projects which are trying to build do-it-yourself biology DNA sequences They are not really usable for complete genome sequencing yet because they are much too slow and that basically the Chemicals are too expensive to use it yet. So we won't get there so fast But I think at 23 and me you can already buy a fully sequenced exome of yourself So it's all the protein coding regions of your genome for one thousand dollars So it's a it's we are getting there and there are people working on doing it open source Just two questions for you One of them is Have you actually looked at any of the DNA forms that are out there the forms of FT DNA? 23 and me users Because they're very very active and they'd be interested in something like this. They often Submit their data to third-party services The other thing is I'm a 23 and me and FT DNA customer and One thing I have is For my personal records, I'm keeping all my All my test results on Google health at the moment Because there's nowhere else to store them and there's no place that I can put my data and give controlled access to it Is there anything like that on the horizon? What's the last sentence again? There's no place that I can put my test results in my data that I can give somebody else controlled access to them for example, I have results of my supposed susceptibility to Side effects in certain drugs and things and I can't give my doctor access to that Not easily anyway That's why we have the phenotype system so you can upload your data and enter your phenotype for example susceptibility to the disease you carry So that Okay, so that So that the doctor or other researchers Researching that disease can then download your genotype and look at your phenotypes and link that link them together That is just to reiterate for the stream. That's research not personal as medicine, but Yeah, we're not there yet soon in the next couple of years five to ten years and Yeah, we are on active on the 23 and me forums and Trying to contact users there who already are sharing Okay, so I've got a quack here. I've got many questions, but Here's the question. What sort of a curary can be expected in the personal genome Sequencing test is a data repeat table and very Very fee able Hard words We have a wonderful signal angel at the moment That that differs from case to case sometimes we've seen studies in our database where we linked snips to which were just based on 20 Chinese people or five Europeans so It's very hard and you always have to look at every you have to look at it from case to case It's not always verifiable To answer that question. Yeah, the example we've seen was a one point six times the risk for breast cancer So this is not really high, but there are some Markers which have Yes or no, basically if you have this variance you will have the following phenotype if you have the other you left another phenotype So there are such hard cases, but they are not frequently found yet So another question was do you plan to offer a open SNP like platform for other genomes than human EG picks mice for university research Or are there already such platforms? We don't plan on doing that, but there's lots of DNA databases for the mice DNA databases. There's everything for everything we viruses through What we what we could do in the future is like we've already mentioned before we could make a similar Database once exome sequences really takes off cheap exome sequence and then we can make a similar project But we're not we're not at all focusing on any animals Yeah, but if you want to do it for other animals you could do so the source code is online available So it's open source take it make it out for pick open SNP and go for it Another question is how much data is there for one person some GB? It's 30 megabits 25 to 30 megabytes Well, this is the Just the 1 million markers the fully sequenced human genome would have about 3 billion base pairs instead of 1 million So it would get bigger a couple of gigabytes for the full human genome Hi, it seems you have a Kind of basically an upload site and a data sharing policy and where you know what I'm really interested in is the API When we have exome data, I mean, what are you thinking because there you've got the whole problem of novel markers How you interrogate that data and that's where it gets interesting. So are you thinking about this problem? What's your plan to get into novel markers multi-marker associations and this kind of you know genetic material? Yeah in terms of exos we are currently implementing the distributed annotation system, which allows you to query data for single chromosome for Specific region in a chromosome. So you don't have to download all the data anymore This would be of a huge help and I think this is widely used and this is it's a standard So we will search for this. I think great idea What would be nice is like once you have a lot of users in your database and you have tons of data It would be nice as a researcher to go in and say, oh, I found these really interesting people But I would like to interrogate them further onto their phenotyping So I'd like to get them back into the lab So if there would be some way I could contact certain people and say, you know We found these really interesting variations and we'd be interested to you know Take a blood sample or something and compensate you would you be interested in participating in our study? Which could be anything and if that would be a way I could contact people through your website that I'm interested in that would be fantastic Yeah, we have a small power messaging system so you can just use that just to ask the people around Yeah, and if it's more users you won't Be able that anybody could just click a button and send one million users the same spam message So if you are interested in sending lots of emails through the system you as a researcher just contact us So we could do this So thanks for your nice presentation. I have two questions that are not that related one to the other. So first one is from Data collection perspective. So this is kind of very sensitive data Right and under the European Commission Legislation that has been transposed into national legislations. You need to have special permissions to kind of you know Host and share personal sensitive data such as this one. So do you have any? Yeah, comment on this. How do you handle this? Also the the licensing thing is kind of weird Because CC0 Has kind of very weird status in under the European Union legislation. So how do you handle this? I'm just very curious and the second question is For Juas, we have very Few Studies like where you transpose actually your statistical findings like the probability that this SNP Causes this cancer Is this this SNP explains 0.1% of cancer cases blah you have very few studies where actually This is verified in the lab So how reliable actually is the the information we get? Here Even if people put their phenotypical data and how reliable is this at the end since we don't have a lab verification Yeah, thanks Okay, I'll start on the first question is Privacy terms and terms of services. We are currently working on implementing a system called we consent it's by John Wilbanks who was the creative commons science director and Yeah, we are working on this and the idea is finally there should be an IRB approved so institutional review board approved For me we'll have to sign or check and answer questions that you've understood all the terms and services So this would be the best legal way and we are working on this And for the second question, that's true It's really hard to verify that stuff later on and you can't really It's not really a death sentence if you see this data in your results So it's always should be always taken with a grain of salt and if you see it now It could be completely changed in five ten years. So it's it's always moving so Right now it's I Wouldn't trust it 100% I would wait Yeah, but I think it's the best we have up to now for a broader audience. So Exome or full genome sequencing is still not affordable for everyone So we could already make use of the data which is available now Okay one more question. I'm just curious since this is so sensitive information Do you go and educate the users in some kind of way or do you just rely on the users? Educate themselves before they upload the data when you sign up for the page. There's a long disclaimer where we Educate the user on the possible problems No, no, it's a it's human readable not lawyer readable and when you upload your data you probably you're gonna see the same disclaimer again and we also have a Block on snip dot wordpress.com where we also even wore that a bit longer on the possible problems and risks you go into another question anywhere We have our wonderful video intro should I do the front or? Do you have a microphone my dear? Yes It's it's late in the evening, and I think he's waiting for jeopardy, but we have so much time so we can have many questions If I want to upload my data, and I already have some knowledge about an association that I do not want to Publish is it feasible to keep this part of information out? me not really you could try to redact single snips out of it, but As said the knowledge isn't steady you might know now which new association for the same disease might turn up two days from now So you could try to do so, but it's not guaranteed that it will work He's taking over now well, it was said several times and it's obvious that it's very sensitive data and It how is it protected against being taken say by brute force be it Legal at some point of time or be it illegal Some people with arms standing in the door and saying give me your service containing all these genotype and phenotype data and Users emails and stuff which may be correlated with clear names in that entity. So it's really really sensitive stuff But the data is open anyway, we don't have to be broken into To minimize the risk we we don't log IPs We we don't you can use fake email addresses. We don't verify that and The only thing that you probably could the only thing that's not Open is the messaging system. That's the only thing we could lose if we got broken into so if you if you use a fake email address and if you If you don't use the messaging system, then he should not be identifiable, but the problem is because the data is so The data itself is so singular for yourself We could identify you again based on that data and there's no nothing we can do against that It's not for research. It's for personalized medicine. So you you don't have anonymous This anonymity, right? You have just pseudonymity So if you are standing receiving and standing back and back and forth So you have a two-way communication and another party a third party Can rely on that, right? So and now the trust is broken at one point in time in Two years from now or in hundred years from now, but the data is still valid for my grandson or for from whoever So there's no answer to that problem That I see right now because your grandson is not your clone his data is probably going to be very very different from yours Yeah for one quarter, but we're still gonna get mixed up data so Even if you now lose all your data this you can just you cannot say everything about your grandson My wife is uploading something to then you know the half at least of my grandchildren So and so on and so on and so on It's a never-ending story, right? So if you open the box of the Pandora, you never can close it again That's true. It is already open. So that means it's another body's problem then One question from the ISP apparently So here's the question is the data format format for exchange a free one and which format is it? Right now we offer all the data in the same format We get it from meaning that the 23 and me data we offer is in the format that we got from 23 and me And all the phenotypic data if you download this is just a tap the limited CSV What we are trying to do soon is to make up our own small format for easier parsing of everything It's probably gonna come sometime next year early next year Just just an answer to your question or just because I think it's really interesting to talk about this Philosophical aspect of it or the moral aspect and I I mean one thing you said that is and I've and it tend to share this opinion that in in in the near future we will lose our genetic information so fast and so often that we cannot avoid any way to lose it and Learning from history is that when we lose our information anyway, maybe it's the best idea to open that up to everybody So that at least we as the people have the same opportunity as the government or as the companies or whoever Who has the power to take it away anyway, so maybe it's Just the right idea to make it public in this way just an idea. I don't have the clue already, but yeah You're referring to 19 what? Would having published This kind of data if the possibility had been then Would have been published the data say in Germany in 1935 when there were certain laws About Genetically related Things were made and I personally would prefer if you would not make a remark about this because else I think the Nazi would have killed me Because I have a genetic defect which is quite severe. So thank you sit in what you see is the main practical like sort of way of Reconnecting somebody someone's identity with the data that they upload because it doesn't seem very Straightforward there could be some third party looking at the Trying to connect an IP address to an upload or something, but say I upload it through Tor or we have some Sophisticated way of uploading data so that you don't know my IP address What are other ways that you foresee in the future that someone's identity could be re Attached to the data that they share because it to me it seems very difficult or they would have to already have my of my DNA anyway in which case they won't be interested in The data that you have I think very recent research shows that you need around seventy seventy five snips to 99.9 percent identify a person and because the data set is like a million snips So I just need a very few of your things of your snips to Back identify you even if you're anonymous. So there could be a problem in the future Yeah, I think basically you're right It's in the future it will be easier not to just intercept somehow your communication with this platform You will just grab some DNA out of you and Do it themselves and get the million markers for themselves. So it might be easier in the future more questions I see I'm confused about two things first of all one of the commenters said this was not Mainly for research, but for personalized medicine as I understood it It's mostly for research and that users only get something out of this project because if more research is done They can benefit from this information just as much as everybody else who gets genotype Maybe could you clarify that what the user gets out of? the Participating in open snip as opposed to just getting their genotyping from a private company like 23 and me That's the one thing the other thing is I don't understand the problem if somebody like took a hair from me in the street and Got my DNA and then could backtrack this to my open snip data They wouldn't get anything from it because they already know who I am and they already got my DNA So why would it be a problem if they also got my genotyping information from open snip that is already included in my DNA? It's no privacy leak. I think Okay, let me just answer the first question When you get your results from your companies, they'll give you a digest of the current research and What we do basically is we pass three databases first of all the public library of science Which is open access research then the Mendeley literature database which encompasses most of current research and SNP which is a Wiki-like system where people can enter information on snips. So what you get as a user is the very very newest Unchanged research so you can look at the papers themselves and you can see what's being done And you can see what people are thinking about it other than what? 23 and me and other companies are telling you about your data Well on the side of privacy what you might get is your phenotypic information, which if you entered some Freakish disease stuff, which you can't see or you can't tell anyone about Then you can connect your genotyping information to this phenotypic information, which wouldn't be possible without uploading it So I've got a very famous question. It means can the featherhood be looked up from the data Could you just repeat it? Sorry. Okay. Can the can the Can fatherhood be looked up from the data father? You can people are not doing that because strs that we had in talk yesterday is small tandem repeats It's cheaper and quicker, but I think you can do that. Yes, okay. It's just not done Yeah, you usually do this for wider kinship, so your Cousins or uncles or stuff like this where it's not that easy using Str so they are we are not doing this because we're not really interested in genealogy and Kinship relations stuffs, but you can do so and I think family tree DNA is the main provider for genotypings for such reasons And they do it and have a large database of other people which they can compare you to


Why You Must Avoid Having Sex With Narcissists Welcome to the Narc Survivor YouTube Channel. Before I begin, please give this video a thumbs up down below. It helps the YouTube algorithm to get this message out there to other survivors of narcissistic abuse. There is nothing wrong with desiring to have sex or wanting to feel attractive or desirable. This is a completely normal thing for someone to want, but it is not so normal when you are dealing with narcissists because they will use sex to manipulate and control you until you end up feeling used, abused and discarded and like you're just not a desirable person anymore. And you never felt like that before.  It's something people want to keep private. So it's easy for them to use it to isolate you because it can be embarrassing. It can be something that you might not want to disclose to other people, which is why it's very important to have these communities where people can openly discuss their situation so that they realize they're not alone and that other people have been through this too. Because it lets you know that it's not personal. This is just what narcissists do and they do it to everyone. They've had years of practice. They've been doing it for a long time. So by this point, of course, their masters are making you think that your sexual pleasure is not important and that only their pleasure matters.  They may even call you selfish or greedy as though there's something wrong with you for wanting that. When really, they're just very insecure and they may have experienced sexual trauma as a child. So now they use sex to gain narcissistic supply because they have no inner sense of value. Their value comes from the external world from other people. So they're constantly doing everything they can to feel powerful and in control to get their narcissistic supply to compensate for the fact that they actually have no internal value and they have an inability to care for another person.  They don't even care about your wants, needs and desires.  They're just using sex to exploit you when you are most vulnerable because in their minds it makes you weak. It's something for them to take advantage of so that they can use it to hurt you and they are always looking for weaknesses. So you should definitely avoid putting yourself in a vulnerable position with the narcissist because they're only going to use it to that advantage which is why you should never even reveal your sexual fantasies or desires to them. You should divert your attention away from it because that's the one thing they're going to go after. If you're finding this video helpful please do give it a thumbs up down below. Thank you.   All they're ever going to do is manipulate and control the person that they're with and when you have to experience that it can be very painful because they've manipulated you they've lured you into this relationship they got you to attach to them and you don't even feel like they desire you yet at the same time they want you to be under their control they want to feel like they own you even while they're devaluing you and they're always angry and jealous they're fiercely protective of you and so the last thing they want is for someone else to take you away but then they're also very interested in your past sexual encounters they want to know about what you've done in the past even though it's just making them even more jealous even more possessive and controlling well at the same time they're calling you selfish for having your own sexual needs as though you're not even supposed to be a person but then it's a right if they want it because only their needs matter and even if you call them out on it it will cause a narcissist injury and then they will rage because deep down they already know that something is seriously wrong with them but they don't want to hear it even if they are crazy and irrational they will gas like you they will tell you that they're not jealous even though it's blatantly obvious that they are because they can't even stand to see you on the receiving end of any attention and they don't even take the opportunity to give any attention to you because their attention hoars they need all of the attention for themselves which is why they will often coerce you they will start demanding sex from you especially if they've seen you talking to someone else even if it was completely innocent because they're paranoid when the reality is that they don't even care about the act of sex all they care about is control so they want you to prove to them that they're the only one so that they can feel safe and secure but while they're worried about your infidelity they will threaten to cheat on you especially if you're not doing what they want you to do and this is where it can get very dangerous for you because clearly they are attention hoars and it's likely that they may be sleeping around behind your back so they may be having unprotected sex with other people and it's not uncommon for narcissists to give their victims their skies because remember they like empathy and they may even use that to control you because then they know that even if they leave you for another person you're not going to be able to enter a new relationship and this is something that they will often do because they're very possessive and controlling even if they've got someone else on the side they will do it deliberately because they want to inflict emotional pain and distress especially if they can give you something that's uncurable because then they will feel like they'll own you for the rest of their lives which is the ultimate source of supply for a narcissist so clearly sex is very important to narcissists it's a very useful tool but ironically enough they may often withhold sex from you as they means of controlling you they will use sex as a weapon as a way of harming you and if they're a malignant narcissist they may even become violent they may even try to rape you who engage in degrading or sadistic sex they may try to entice you into it in the beginning but over time it will become even more forceful and disturbing which is why it's best that you avoid having sex with a narcissist before it gets to that point because there is really no telling what they might do they're very sick and arranged and they're just not suitable partners for a healthy sexual relationship thank you for watching if you found this video helpful please give it a thumbs up let me know your thoughts in the comment section don't forget to hit that subscribe button to receive notifications and if you would like to support the channel you can donate at paypal.me-narxafiver you can book a one-on-one with me on my website it is narxafiver.co.uk thank you all for watching and I'll talk to you soon


Welcome back to In the Yard Reggae with me Aya and Aya, I'm Brasta Kiswaili maze na tukulive maze kwa Y254 channel naza bonganasi sinu me kwa mbe hashtagia to always It's In the Yard Reggae maze bonganasi sinu twame maze na jachili aene ogani And I told you earlier that I have one of an amazing guest at 254 right now doing reggae music maze on amutaga Aleki Marshall and Staki Kubongasana atakatu yane he has something for us for Bob Mali so let's hear it You see I don't wanna wait in vain for your love I don't wanna wait in vain for your love From the very first time I bless my eyes on you girl My heart says for the fruit I'm weighed down on your line and the weighting feel is fine So don't treat me like a puppet on a stream Cause I know how to do my thing Don't talk to me as if you think I'm dumb baby I wanna know when you gonna come You see I don't wanna wait in vain for your love In vain for your love I don't wanna wait in vain for your love Cause if summer is here I'm still waiting there Winter is here and I'm still waiting there Yeah can't take no slogans no more Can't take your slogans no more Say now we can't take your slogans no more More sweet talk from the hypocrites No more sweet talk yeah yeah Wipe out the paintings of slogans all over the streets Hu hu hu Confusing my people While your husband burns our tired feet I see borders and barriers Segregation demonstrations and riots The sufferation of the refugees We'll be free Jamon! Jamon! The legend himself Great! Great! Yeni noma, champ maze For the king manza, yemon yemon yemon Thanks for that piece manze Thanks for having me here manza nashkuru sana yani I really appreciate manze, yanu mechizana yu gita yani yadinkafili Yani niko live bandosi But maze, welcome to inna yardvege Thanks manze for having me and appreciate sana yani Yaman, I really do And thank you for making time to have to come to talk to us Na piya maybe before tuwanzi go sababutaru metuanzi inna datu piece Yeah And you have a guitar It's like a baby killer malinku kucheki mu kucheki na guitar Maybe Ilyanzi awa pinze Manze, I started out singing at a very young, at a tender age yani At a tender age First my dad was a church guy Yeah So that's when you know because he was a church guy We always participated in the chorals for the children and stuff Yeah I get it So I was always hitting the notes so it was like You know by then it was just something for fun So as I grew older I found out that music was in me and I could not separate myself from it And before we dig deeper into you and maybe your music life and your story Who is Aleki Mashal? Who is Aleki Mashal? Aleki Mashal is my real name is Aleks Awenda I was born and raised in Kisumu but moved after my high school to Nairobi And that's when I started now pursuing music Officially trying to understand how the game goes Yeah man And how did it come because you've told me your name is Alek Aleks Awenda How did it come to Aleki Mashal? Yeah when I was in high school you know like When I was in high school I usually liked revolutionary stuff If something that's why growing up you'll find that people admire people like Bob Marley That's my number one Somebody like Tupak Shakur So I found them having something that I have inside We share something So people always knew that so they started calling me Field Mashal Like Bida and Kima Warrior like So I took Aleki and Mashal and Aleki Mashal Kazi pigakomba imeshin Atari sana mze Now maybe Janiako Mesa ma Janiako liandu kiyo back in Tani Kiyo na unimba Coral Versus Palachach and all that How has it been since mze From that particular point to lianza jani until now You in a Yadreg you're doing something amazing like this mze How has it been for you? To give thanks you know And Janiako amazing Because you know actually I can also rap I used to rap a lot before I switched I'm dropping a beat right now let's go You know today is a Bob Malady Every street corner he's talking about swaga That's the industry but we're a little louder Little louder since the last lady gaga She came in a panda ladder Nani medunga digaga Massive, massive Ya man so Did you decide maybe ok because ume piga ume rap And you're doing reggae Is it maybe what's your gender in terms of our music Maybe what exactly do you do because At times I find you in reggae At times I find you something else Maybe what's your gender Mr Ali Reggae and dance are the base And then after that I can I can add on anything you understand Like if you even studied the reggae industry right now You find a lot of changes going on So we have the typical reggae sound And then we have some additives Like for example kofi Kofi really raps most of the time But we still consider her reggae artist Because her foundation is reggae But after that now Because even reggae music grew out of The genres like ska, mental, kalipso So even this happens Music always evolves With every genre It's not even for reggae music only If you look at hip-hop music The sound is different They try to maintain the base And then maybe add some You add different point Okay, that's amazing That's good And maybe let's talk about your new jam Which you released previous days ago And it's doing well Maybe how can you tell us about your jam Your new jam About your music and moment to a Josie And maybe what inspired you to do that particular jam Reggae night I was just chilling And I was imagining myself in a reggae jam session So that's why But at the beginning I was talking about Some positivity Like we are going to rise with this thing And then now in the second verse I'm positioning myself like a fan in the dance I'm talking to the DJ I'm playing some nesta And playing some chronix And talking to the officer I'm telling the officer There's a lady coming here Her name is Esther Please don't inspect her Respect her because she's coming with some Yeah man, yeah man Amazing, amazing The tune is doing well And how do you feel maybe when you go to a place And you feel maybe How do you feel U.S. and Kimashia maybe Who cannot want to jump to music Because music is amazing How do you feel It's really perplexing It's really, really amazing Because actually my music get played a lot Even in international stations Collaborate with some Jamaicans And doing my stuff So it's really amazing It's only showing me where my music can go So I'm enjoying the journey as we go That's amazing That's good Mr. Aleki, 2020 was a crazy year We'll just say that was crazy For everyone, I believe so And in 2021 I'm about to me amkiana Raazote to me amoniaji 2021 We're doing great We're doing big things And what exactly do you have for us In 2021 Maybe what exactly should we anticipate Maybe some collables With a great artist in Kenya Because we have a lot of great artists in Kenya What should we anticipate I have a lot of stuff First of all I have a collaboration With some Jamaican guy Jubawait He'll be dropping on 12 days feb That is actually his tune But I'm featured in it But now coming to my tune I have some revolutionary song I'm doing Ekodida and Giuliani And Giuliani is crazy And Ekodida too? Crazy So the anime spill beans But that's how it is Exclusive in the Yard Dragons Now in my tune I drop my tune In the tune of Kwanzaa Kutwangushe A true blessing to that Because maybe Any artist apart from Giuliani Ekodida We have Kathima Tetu We have Becky Mulvoney Shamir I'm planning to do something with Shamir We'll do something with Shamir Even Kathima Tetu I'm a very huge fan of her music She's doing amazing Kathima Tetu, you know you're watching this Palimtahane Alek Mashaal And I have a collaboration with her And she's doing a tune Fire No Masana Yeah man And maybe Palimtahane Because she has a twin And she's checking And she's checking And she's doing a tune And she's evolving Since Kisumu I explained to her Since Kisumu Until now in Nairobi Maybe Umezambianinimitwako Palimtahane And I feel okay Manzei If kumukuna talenta Is something about you can do it And maybe It takes you to another level So everybody out there Watching this show right now I just want to encourage you To keep doing what you do Understand the purpose why you do it Once you understand the purpose And you have a clear route Of where you're going Then you can pursue your dream And just never give up It's just the same old thing Just never give up Yeah Keep going Amazing Wais Those are Wais words Wais words from Aliki Mashal And something else maybe Aliki Mashal Because watuengumina Watuenguna kucheki And wana Wana appreciate tune zako And you're doing so well In YouTube and all that Has the money started coming That's the biggest question I need to ask Is the money dropping Floating Like ya man Let me just be honest with you There's some avenues That money hasn't started coming yet But there's some avenues Like I get money Like for me Mashals When I'm called I have my live band And I go to perform In some restaurant I get paid Last year Last year but one 2019 We did a theme song For do you know Ya man Ya man Thanks for the reality But I know maze You're going precious You're going to another level Maze I really respect Come up and get your tune Maze Ah, when you know ma When you're deadly maze Thanks for the one love Maze When you're deadly And before to finalize Kusababuna juo Maze We did a theme song Juba white Okay So those are some of the ways Also I get to make sure That I can pay my bills And stuff Because that's the reality Ya man Next time Maze Ji'ndo na huo chesanoma JUSk uzitko kaff Atu Asking a big sun Asking a Pepsi Uto na za kunku pataapiko nimitan Ha, or lab robbery Kay takaku bongan N사o kuflos Nsao kiku witashuguli Uto na za kunku pataapi On Instagram Alexi masha uhcho on Twitter சında Like everywhere Ale Qari Ale Qari compete Maybe you want Because you wanted I could have a Ale L I K-E-Y K-E-Y ...and then a single L parley at the end Oh see, I'll see ya Latsunu na wentumia empesa fie fie, mtada very different Awa you have to try that M malayotxo kwenza Empesa itaka Malafo kuna kicho, kunaswa demojana meipatapa Manze kuna mdremba menu lisha Ano lisha aj Manze iso dreading za sku Zami akaangapi Yzi naka mb игрama 2 1 2friends hai 2 1 2 Ibuwetu niye kwa shagi kwa hanzai, bigi kwa hanza nga nuka. Nuna plankuzia chilia, nga nga nga. Ya, indakizia. Nga, kwenai performi, in my life shows, waga tiko 2 free tuya, nga. OK. Kabisa sana. So, lasti maybe, shurei anticipate maybe any life show, which will be happening soon, maybe something which we have apart from the colabos which we are working with Giuliani ...and the Kudida Shura Tungoji live show. Mwaja yo tembatun eza jam tu kuja? Ya, check out on my pages. I will post, I'm supposed to be performing a show at some restaurant called Rastikhaven in Runga. So when the details have been completed, I will post there and now everybody can know the exact dates. Kambisesa namaze. Thanks for making time to be here. But I'm not sure if we will be able to do that. That's why I'm here to talk to you. Thank you. DJ D-Rage is a famous artist. He's a famous artist. He's a famous artist. He's a famous artist. He's a famous artist. He's a famous artist. So DJ D-Rage is a famous artist. So I'm here to talk to you.  And you are able to perform. True. Thank you for having me here. Kambisesa. Kambisesa, you're always welcome anytime. In a yard is open for you. We support 2-5-4 men to the world. Kambisesa, DJ D-Rage. Thank you.


Hey guys, it's Monica. You know I am I wanted to answer a couple of questions that I've gotten and You know, I wanted to let everyone know my thoughts on these two products but with everything that's been going on in the world today with What's happening over in Israel and the Gaza, you know, the Gaza Strip area and the West Bank and all of all of the turmoil and You know the things that it's just horrific some of the stuff that is happening all the stuff that's happening It's horrific, and I'm thinking does anyone really gonna care, you know about makeup or about, you know Sunblock is anyone really gonna care right now? but You know you've asked so I'm gonna do a quick video update. I had mentioned this past I don't know when it was now. It could have been Some time in the summer, maybe I had mentioned that I had gone to Unfortunate enough to have a cosmetic company store near me Actually, I have two and so if you don't have a cosmetic company store near you This might not You know be a super I think you can I think you can go online as well But anyways, I went to the cosmetic company store and I had picked up and they have these fabulous sales Right. I mean I can get some of the products that I really like. It's hit or miss Yeah, sometimes you go in there and it's you can't see anything But it is very much hit or miss but sometimes I'm super fortunate I'm able to pick up products that I love at a almost a drugstore price, right depending on the sales So 60% off and then you can have cute wines.  I think it's Hydra. Is it Hydra rescue? And this is an SPF 45. It's a foundation I picked it up at the cosmetic company store when Jay and I went up to Maine. I couldn't believe the price I had a coupon and I think gosh, I think it was like under $20, which to me is like drugstore So I thought I was going to get it and they had my color. I really in this cut in this brand I end up wearing pebble, which is me see Think pebble is three C two So I picked this up as the first time I've ever used it I also was on that same time picked up a bottle of my regular Estee Lauder double wear Which is the foundation I wear all the time or most of the time So I picked that up and I also picked up in other Estee Lauder foundation double wear This is the share a long wearing makeup Foundation it has an SPF. I think of 35 in it and they also had my color So this is definitely a share of color. So a share of foundation. I love the coverage I get with Estee Lauder. I love how it lasts all day and on my skin It works. It really does. It works really well for me. Now, sometimes when I use the double wear I do have to put a couple of drops of the squalene oil on my hand face oil and Mix it because sometimes it can be a little bit drying But really all depends on my skin. What's going on with my skin? This has been my foundation brand of choice I know there are some of you that Dislike double wear or Estee Lauder and there's some of you that probably love Estee Lauder But I really really like this brand on my skin now. I have got Lancome. I have this Lancome that I bought This is the lift makeup. It's supposed to make you look younger. I think I got this at the mall I know quite a few years ago. You can see probably two years ago. You can see the cover broke and had fallen I really like this a lot, but not as much as my Estee Lauder So the Estee Lauder double wear has been a tried and true for me And these the two that I tried this year and I'm thinking hmm am I gonna like them? So this Hydra one can give you a little bit of a glow So if you're oily, this might be too oily for you But if you're dry like me, you might really like it The coverage you can build it, but the coverage is more on a lighter coverage as is the share all day this one Oh my gosh. So if I'm not going anywhere special and I just want to you know, even out my face Sometimes I don't even wear foundation when I'm home, but I will I'll put this on I love both of these and again, I never tried them before I saw them at the cosmetic company store Perfect, I think for the summer with the SPF factor that to me was a huge huge benefit I really like it. I think having an SPF both of these have SPF in it I think it's so important for anti-aging Just it's so important and it isn't enough, right?  I absolutely love them. Now on my face right now Isn't none of these on my face right now is the Hydra luminous. This is the number seven moisturizing foundation This was actually sent to me quite a while ago from one of you one of my subscribers and I'll tell you I have worn this a lot, especially in the summertime This is in the shade wheat and I think my skin looks a little bit darker So in the summertime, I really like this because it makes me feel like you have a little bit of a color And this also has SPF in it So this is what I have on today Just because I wanted to play around with it. I wanted to see what it looked like on camera It's been a long time and also I'm trying to save these However, I'll tell you the the when you can get them at say the cosmetic company store They're just as Affordable as drugstore. They really are especially with the the ticket prices and you know the coupon prices I should say because that makes a big big difference So I have been wearing A sunblock after I do my skincare. I do sunblock every day and I love love love the Well, the trader Joe is my sunblock of choice, but the super goop for the face It's like a primer. It just kind of fills in your pores a little bit It just and your makeup and for me for my skin my makeup goes on super nice. I've tried many other Sunblocks and or sunscreen and many of them when I put my makeup on my foundation on They don't they don't play nice. I can get away with it sometimes, but they don't but it's usually a little bit It takes a little bit work But the super goop Awesome, right? I love love love it super expensive The trader Joe and I don't have one to show you because I'm all out and I wish I'd kept my empty But the trader Joe's if you can get them At the store is like I think it's like under eight dollars for the and almost identical To the super goop in my opinion. I use the super goop on my face. My foundation goes on beautifully I use the trader Joe my set my foundation goes on beautifully Now I Have been really mesmerized by the elf elf has come out with their son Touchable they have two versions of this. They have a glow Which I did not buy but I did hear from Sheila who did buy it and she said it just was way way way way way Too glowy. I didn't buy it. I did get this. This is the invisible sunscreen. This is the everyday one It has a bought a broad spectrum. I think it's 35 and In my opinion This you shake it up. It's a little bit more if you shake it up good It'll come out nice and thick, but it's a little bit more You know slick I think just a tad bit But when I put this on all over my face and I let it dry in I put my my foundation on it Reacts the exact same as the super goop It has I think the same Ingredients as the super goop and the or close to the same ingredients as the super goop Has and as the trader Joe has I'm not saying this is going to be the exact do but if your skin is a combo skin or more dry and I didn't want to try that glowy one because I don't want to glow But if and if you like the super goop and then if you like the trader Joe's and if you're a mature woman, right? You know you need to have that even any woman. You need to have that sunblock on all the time This stuff surprised me now. I think this is $14 It's 1.7 ounces So it really really surprised me I think it might be a little bit smaller than the super goop for sure and probably the trader Joe's I have to really compare the sizes, but of course the super goop is just way way more money So $14 1.7 ounces Works awesome on my skin Sometimes you can catch this on sale while not anywhere you want you can catch this on sale Really great thing that I also wanted to try the The setting spray So I use the morphe setting spray and I don't have it in here I have a whole box of it though. I haven't taken out but I have another one I use the morphe SPF 30 broad spectrum sun setting spray and I use that as my setting spray So I have whatever sunblock in my foundation Whatever sunblock underneath my foundation and then my setting spray has that in it While more well elf came out with their version of it. It's 45 SPF. So the morphe is 30 SPF This is 45 SPF. It is also $14 I think it's two ounces. So it's much smaller than the morphe the morphe is 3.4 ounces I think the morphe is $18 So you do the math and you figure out what you what you you know, what you really like But the most important thing is you can hear this new shake.  You spray it on. It's just going to give you a little bit of extra protection for sunblock on top and Act as a setting spray. So I'm really liking this although I will tell you I think the morphe even though You get more Bigger product and just for a couple of dollars more and depending on if you have to catch it on sale The morphe is a pretty good buy, but I love the fact that this is a higher SPF So anyways, I'm all about that ever since I had my most surgery. I'm just I'm like all about sun protection You guys know, I love the beach. I love going out to the ocean and In all of that, but I just I'm always on hunt for something that's going to really work for my skin So I wanted to give you that report because You know, some of you asked how did I end up liking the the foundation because when I bought it I kind of did a little mini haul on it And I will go back to the cosmetic company store and I will buy this if I see it Especially in my shade because to me even there was a it was more moisturizing it to me is absolutely a beautiful finish Not quite as heavy as the double wear I mean, but you can build it up, but it beautiful beautiful finish and it had the SPF in it I really like it so highly highly recommend that especially if you have a cosmetic company store This one the share all-day double wear has SPF 2 I would I'll buy I'll buy this one before I buy this one, but I would definitely purchase both of these again Really like them really like them if you're a double wear person and you've not tried them You might want to you might want to consider now my number seven This week color like I said is a little bit darker on me. So I'm just kind of playing around with it But I've always liked number seven. So when I compare drugstore, it's always been the number seven Is what I've compared because I never really, you know I would do the Maybelline cover girl all those other foundations and I never found one That I really like that didn't settle into my cracks on my skin and make me look older And I don't want to look older, right? I don't I'm 69. I don't want to look older. So anyways, I just wanted to give you up that update and I Know times aren't good, right? I mean, we're all really worried by what's happening out there in the world and it's It's scary. It's scary But yeah, we still have to take care of ourselves, right? We still do so I'm not trying to be insensitive by talking about makeup, but sometimes we also need a little bit of a diversion And to think about other things. So hopefully hopefully that works So thank you guys so much for watching. I appreciate every single one of you Please thumbs up the video leave me a comment. I would so so appreciate it you guys Stay safe and have a wonderful wonderful rest of your week