So people are making a killing in these airdrops that are happening on the Solano ecosystem So I want to do today is just take a look at what actually happened If you're actually too late and the new projects that are coming up in the Solano ecosystem that you can get into right now at the very end We're also going to take a look at different dexes across from Solano and Cardano And how they actually compare as far as a different metric So this really all started yesterday and we did a quick meetup over at the San Juan smokehouse here in Puerto Rico And my friend Stephen who owns the facility said yeah, he goes I'm doing pretty great and he was talking about his is Bonk buys he did a long time ago for Solano and of course Solano itself and he talks about This Jupiter airdrop and he said yeah, I was you know I was using the decks and I got a nice old airdrop and the good thing is is that they're actually going to go through And it's going to be more of the same so Jupiter itself is a dex the centralized exchange is built on Solano looks just like this pretty interesting because you can actually do DCA orders limit orders and do bridges perpetual to Jen and Ernest pretty funny and It's pretty you know interesting like you can put in a certain amount of Solano I just let it sit there on your wallet and over 28 or 30 days You can have it, you know buy $20 of whatever is in the Solano ecosystem But just by using this and doing this 40% of Jupiter is 10 billion tokens were distributed as airdrops in four phases So you missed the first one if you haven't gone already and the and you had the three are coming up the first phase involves 1 billion tokens users with a minimum of a thousand dollar swap volume now I didn't get into it or didn't use you for that point So I was not eligible and you can actually check to see if you're eligible on this website airdrop.jup.ag I'll link that in the description and you can see that I I Synced up my wallet and says no sorry Not in our first batch, but there's still three more rounds and will release more on that soon So I'm like what a pretty good incentive to actually do that So because this one Gito and when he was talking I could have swiped I got confused I'm like what's this between Jupiter and Gito because it's not the exact same thing So Jupiter is a decentralized exchange and Gito itself is for liquid staking. So this is what happened In the last 24 hours. So Gito I might be saying this wrong. I'm sure JTO soars hours into the airdrop So Gito a staking project built on Solana release. It's JTO token at 11 a.m Thursday by 1145 a.m Around 30% of the airdrop has been claimed and none of the top 14 claiming addresses by size had sold Eligible recipients have 18 months to click their asset That's quite a bit and then also the Coinbase and Binance announced plans listed tokens What does that mean? That means that that price ripped and again, it's not he It's not even 48 hours old now and it is ranked drumroll, please a hundred and forty six it is ranked a hundred and forty six and You have to ask yourself why is it worth that much? It's just because of speculation Yeah, part partially, but we're gonna talk about why I think it's a pretty good platform And we can see here that there's another another factor there that the total supply is one billion and the circulating supply is a 115 million so it's it's just a little bit over 10% of what it actually is and we can see that the trading volume is Quite high one point two billion dollars market cap three hundred six million dollars and of course right now It's worth three thousand twenty cents Initially, so that's pretty amazing and then of course there were stories like this and this is debatable. This is actually real I'm knows if it is but Emperor of Crypto says thank you Gito for the generous airdrop of a hundred fifty thousand dollars I achieved from staking $390 across 15 watts. Let me say that again This guy got a hundred fifty thousand dollars from staking $390 across 15 wallets Same thing could be said for uniswap remember when uniswap came out and they did an airdrop And all you had to do is really pretty much use it and people just use a ton of different wallets It could be the same thing here, but regardless you still have an opportunity as time goes on for Jupiter Gito, unfortunately is closed and that's that's a shame But I will tell you it looks like a pretty decent platform. So just so you know Gito It's MEV powered and that stands for maximum extractable value. You can earn MEV rewards through liquid staking. So real quick Liquid staking is it's kind of easy to think about, you know, you have Lido liquid staking What you're doing is saying, okay, look, here's one of my Solana take that and stake it. Okay, great I'm gonna give you whatever this token is. So like like Lido.  You're gonna stake this this Solana great I'm gonna give you this token which corresponds to the amount of Solana that you've actually staked if you want it back You got to give me the same thing or if you want to spend it do it You want to I don't really care So of course you have the liquid staking so it becomes liquid you can do whatever you want with it And even though you're staking and you're getting the rewards on the staking Good news is you can actually use that token for whatever you want to do whatever degenerate thing that you Have planned and then also for the MEV part which maximum extractable value Essentially what they're doing is saying like look well We will stake it for you and then we'll do all this work in the sidelines and whatever we other kind of any kind of other Token if we work with any other kind of decks we could get you some other type of crypto Maybe an NFT maybe a discount a maximum extractable value So you're gonna get like a twofer so one you get the liquid staking and the second part is you get the maximum extractable value so they're doing both in one Sitting right here on Jito so for this one the question I have is well How do I do that because a lot of people are really well versed this me personally I don't really do a lot of this but the first thing you're gonna need for this you're gonna need to connect your wallet There's two different wallets is really gonna take that I can see that unless we want to get deep in the weeds is You got a phantom wallet which you can download here I will link that in the description or you can use your ledger and I connected to your meta mask wallet Which is a browser baseball one thing I like about those is that you can lock your meta mask wallet with your ledger device That's one of the beauties of ledger and again if you want to take a look at that links description But you might ask yourself like okay So that's going on and I can actually do that. So what that looked like with actually Staking I will tell you how this works But the thing you're probably ask yourself is this if you're not really well versed in it How do I get Says if I have this this wallet here this phantom wallet or I have my ledger How do I get the Solana onto that wallet so then I can put it over here because it's it's actually two steps You can't just go from a centralized exchange and put it on this decentralized Essentially staking platform. So you're gonna have to you're gonna have to buy it on some exchange money that you have fiat Give it to the centralized exchange give me my Solana where everyone buy Solana this case You take the Solana it's sitting on the exchange Then you got to put it into this wallet and then you got to connect it and they do all those things if that's too confusing I got you there's a great website Dante just crypto. I'm very biased because I created it obviously It's a hundred percent free. It'll always be free. You know, I don't even spam you I just send you emails if I do an upload of a new video if you go to module to under safety And I click on that and it'll just go like there's just some basic information here But one of the things that talks about what's a crypto wallet? I talk about a tangent wallet and down here. I talk about a ledger and how to do it I show you how you can use something like a tangent Which is my favorite or a ledger to actually take the crypto from a centralized exchange and put on this wallet and go I'm telling right now if you're confused get the tangent and just watch the video and explain exactly why so anyhow Let's just do this real quick. I'm gonna show you how easy this is So I have my Solana. It's in this phantom wallet, right? Now. Let's just say that everything's connected already So let's just say I want to go let's just put in one Solana, right? And for that, they're gonna give me this Jido soul of 0.93 and that is of course what I'm gonna put it back for the liquid stake. I'm gonna deposit that soul and I want to show you the the transaction fees I'm not a slice of sin because you can't see it But it's one Solana you get Jido stake soul 0.93 and the network free is fee is point zero zero zero zero one soul That's like a fraction of a penny and I can just confirm that. Let's see how long it takes One, okay. It took less than a second great So then of course if I let me take a look at my wallet itself and then I'll have to splice this in so you can see it But yeah, yeah, there it is Jido stakes. That was very fast. That was less than a second So yeah, not too shabby and then for that one then so the question that becomes okay Well, I have this this this JTO token, you know, and that's great Jido when it's up and it's you know massively Appreciating what does it do? What's the whole point of that thing? Well, here's the thing about it JTO Well, first of all, I just wanted to clarify about the airdrop airdrop is backwards looking in the snapshot for eligible activity Was taken on November 25th 2023 as part of this the points campaign is closed and points will be updated So you missed out on this one, but don't worry. I got four or five that you can get into So what is JTO JTO is any of the JTO governance token?  He'll take you to this website and because it's so new This is really going to be able to actually vote. So you actually have The JTO in your wallet I don't have any because I wasn't a part of the airdrop not that I'm bitter and I can see here that like here's a different provisions that are coming on the table to vote remove a council member out of council members set an upgrade authority and blah blah blah and of course That's where they'll do all the voting and that's where you can be part of this whole decentralized process and come together and vote and Make make JITO great again, I guess so that is exactly Essentially what it does and then here's the the whole crux of it because I talked about I'm talking pretty fast I'm sorry, but on this part here about JTO JITO The question is is like why is everybody doing it because you know, that was nice that it has liquid staking as the maximum extractable value That's cool But can everybody do that? Well, it seems like you can but there's some problems and there's also some problems with Solana So solving the MV MV problem on Solana a guide for stakers Here's where it really comes down to this and it just talks about bots and things that are going on the background We know that happens. Yes, it's true And this is actually from the JTO network Over the last seven days arbitrage Transactions from bots comprise more than 30% of transactions now everybody who hates Solana is dancing in the streets right now going I knew it bots. Well, here's the whole thing with the bots The bots are doing all these things because they're trying to farm this maximum extractable value They're trying to get their transaction in early or a little bit late or in the right sweet spot to get that Whatever value that is whatever those tokens are those NFTs to get them in so they can be part of the whole process And say hey, we're the best thing That's the whole point of the bots and that's a problem because it's really screwing things up How much time are validators wasting processing failed MEV transactions? Well, because of all these bots Solana validators are wasting more than 58% of their time Processing failed arbitrages without intervention. We anticipate the amount of waste the block space will only get worse in 2023 this was written months ago as a staker you have the opportunity to stake to validators that uphold the values You want to see in a blockchain and of course they do it by running a version contributing the ecosystem low commission high uptime run in low-stake regions and data center providers Geo Solana as a fork of the Solana labs validator Optimized for efficient MEV extraction. So that's that part and when I was reading that I'm like, okay That makes a lot of sense because when we've been talking about this before there is a one Different transactions that we pull up these different on-chain data and it looks like this This is from soul scan. I'll leave this in the description See this thing right here where it says transactions per second and success rate looks pretty sweet, right? 99.89 99.99 and of course, I think every chain has like a point zero something issue I'm not gonna say it but Solana is much worse. I go from seven days to a month You start to see like that's still pretty good. Actually. Well, how about three months? Okay, now we're seeing a picture of something a little bit different. This is an October 5th 2023 The success rate went from the high 99 98.99 99 down to 95 dropped to 90% 89 88 let's even take it further Let's take a look at all time and you can see Solana has quite at the issue, right with the transaction second and success rate 68% success rate on March 13th 2023. That's an issue. Then of course we come down here. We take a look at Where are we success vote versus non-vote transactions? All these different these non-vote transactions. It's still in the millions but look at these vote transaction That's a lot. I could be the bots that we're talking about the different transactions that are happening So the so the thing that we take a look at is this What Gita was talking about was an issue with Solana and I must say Solana is making much better But this is fairly recent if I'm not mistaken if we're looking at this. It's looking like October and we've had a good run does that mean it can continue that potentially I'm not gonna say anything's perfect because it's not So it's just something to watch out for but I gotta tell you you have to understand. I'm very biased I own a Solana and the next thing we're gonna talk about I own a lot of it too and that It's actually called Cardano and before we get into the Cardano piece I will just put this in the link in the description. I did tease that there was these different Products or different platforms you can get into for the farming just like you saw with Jupiter Just like you saw with with Gito You can see that this is from Ansem next round of most likely Solana airdrops Margin by tensor communa parcel manure adrift Zeta Jupiter exchanges because it's got four more or three more and of course there's one from gum shoe and he lays it all out as well I'm gonna link both of those other Twitter accounts with this specific tweet So you can do all the different farming that you want to do and maybe run things through there But again, this is extremely risky. That's the Solana piece now Cardano so Snack snake, whatever. How would you say it? This was one of those projects that has really taken off lately and the last 24 hours will have 27 percent last 30 days 313 percent that's pretty darn good right and right now. It's not even ranked. It's one of those low cappers so the fully diluted valuations 77 knowing I'm 327 thousand and I get interested in these meme coins Especially as we start to get into this this bull run because you get to these D gen place Let's be honest. It's what it is and we were talking yesterday about bonk bonk Was was introduced to me like when I was in the 170s 150s and I said this is gonna This is a meme coin kind of like doge coin but built on Solana I said this will be a top 100 coin easily and that was again 170 150 Now we're sitting at rank number 80 and over 30 days. It's almost 7000 percent not bad for 30 days So a snack I was like hey, I'm gonna get my hands on some of that and that led me to the question Which was this? What's the best Cordano decks is to buy snack ask or snake asking for a friend and Everybody had some great piece of advice and then someone said dex hunter. You gotta go to dex hunter or tap tools Which will lead you to that one and or Nami or not Nami Mim swap min swap, excuse me.  So dex hunter is an aggregator It finds the lowest prices and when I did that I put it through very easy to do I use the Nami wallet for a cardano Again, if you want to learn all about that go to the Dante just crypto and when I did this I Said hey, is this normal because when I'm doing this it's a little bit odd I've got It was taken, you know, 10 minutes then 20 minutes And I was like what's happening here right here I did a screenshot of six minutes and five minutes and I did Excuse me five minutes. Oh, that's six months ago five minutes ago Yeah, 40 seconds or a second They should leave just Differential between six months because I bought banker a long time ago Anyhow, so I put 28 in and 580 and it just took a long time I think about 20 minutes or so to go through on a dex. I thought that was very odd So I put it out in the tweet and I said hey, is this normal and I got a bunch of answers and The dex hunter said hey, it's up to the dex is the process of transactions when I placed them We're an aggregator So just finding you the best deals and running act across dexes accordingly and that's true That's what they do and they did a great job. I said, yeah, I get it There's some slow down the dexes and then a lot of people were saying ah Rob Why are you doing it so low? You should you you know are just 580 and I said hey I only do these on I do test transactions I'm not gonna put in 10,000 cardano on someone that may not go through test transactions, man You got to do those first and that's on everything So we did that took a bit more time actually went through and then some people say we got just a slippage You got to do this you got to do that fine, whatever and then for this one I went through so yeah, I'm happy and then If you can see right here that they found the cheapest one which was actually men swap So I actually went through men swap take a look at it and I was like, let me try it over here I'm gonna do this right now and let's see how long it takes I'm not so concerned over the time frame because everything gets bogged down, right? We can agree that people get there's a lot of transactions going on things kind of slow down I'm not gonna fall anybody for that. I will say and I've talked about this before of two or three weeks ago See this bachelor fee. This is a fee paid for the service of off-chain laminar bachelor process transaction It's to Ada right now That's about a buck because eight is around 49 50 cent somewhere around there and I was thinking myself like well It's a dollar, but that's a heck of a lot more than the point zero zero zero zero one Solana And I thought to myself, what if we go to the all-time high and we're going to Ada let's six bucks Now, of course they can go down, but I mean in all honesty That's that's something now If we take like the liquidity provider fee point zero eight four eight, it's not bad But the bachelor fee we'll see if that goes away at some point and the deposit Ada. I understand It's a UTXO. So unspent transaction transaction output gotcha. So you got to put it there But you get it back whatever Let's try this right now because some people are saying well Rob You got to go over 20 because it makes it quicker. Let me just put this in let's put in 23 I don't know and swap Let's see. So 14,400 everything looks pretty good bachelor fee two way to deposit. Yeah route eight of us confirm swap and This is a Nami. I don't if you can see this. I'm just gonna click on sign my password and done let's see and Your process has been your transaction has been processed successfully close So I'm gonna do is I'm gonna open up my Nami wallet and take a look not there yet, so All right, that is a immediate as I'd like to be but again things get slow, right? Just one of those things that happens and maybe it'll show up in a little bit But not right now that I can see Now I don't see it and now I'm coming over here and still in queue So sure little bit a little congested no big deal now. I want to go over here to Orca if you've seen Orca another decentralized exchange. It's built on Solana and this one that I use a lot of And Let's just do this and let's see by pith with I don't know Let's put in one Solana because my wallets is already connected and this is gonna go. Let me click on buy approving and It's things gonna come up a network fee points. There's zero zero seven. I'll still go for it. All right and Yeah, there it is so done. All right, so that looks like it did pretty well Not too bad.  It's called defi llama If you go defilama.com forward slash dexes underneath volume and overview Let's take a look what the volume has been over seven days because maybe it's just a lot of volume So if we separate this we can go high to low And so now we got uniswap in the last seven days did 10.2 billion pancake 2.6 Third chain 1.3. Wow and orca the one just uses 1.14 billion Let's take a look at min swap And here we are min swap number 46 and they did 34.71 million interesting and last 24 hours they did 8.85 million. All right and The one that we just used orca did 364 million so Take over the grain of salt. It looks like there's a lot of those are the transactions That's it for today. So look flight today's video. Give it a thumbs up. Consider subscribing when we talk about its time sensitive But that's it for today. I want to say thanks so much for stopping by do appreciate it You know, see you on the next one


Dear Chancellor Merkel, Dear President Macron, Dear President Matarella, Dear President-Elect of the EU Commission, Dear incoming ECB President Madame Lagarde, Dear President Draghi, Dear members of the governing and general council, Dear guests, Dear colleagues. It is my pleasure to welcome you to the European Central Bank. Today, we are bidding farewell to Mario Draghi at the end of his eight-year term as President of the European Central Bank. The video we have just seen reminds us of some key moments in the 20-year history of the Euro and the European Central Bank. This history has been shaped with you, and your attendance bears testimony to this. We look forward to hearing more about some of these key moments from our distinguished speakers. But first, let me introduce the musical performance for the afternoon, the Aeris Quartet. Since their foundation ten years ago, these four remarkably gifted young musicians have played at numerous internationally renowned events and received exceptional professional awards.  Please join me in welcoming the Aeris Quartet. Ladies and gentlemen, I now have the honor of introducing our first speakers. Angela Merkel, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Emmanuel Macron, President of the French Republic, and Sergio Matarella, President of the Italian Republic. Chancellor Merkel might invite you on stage. President Macron, and the Sergio Matarella, Madam President Designator and Elect, and now of the European Commission, Ms. von der Leyen, Minister President of the Federal Land of Hesse, Excellencies, Madam Lagarde, and of course, Maria Draghi, and also I address my warm words to the family of Mr. Draghi. The links between your hometown of Rome and Frankfurt are obvious, I think, to all. The Limes is only a few kilometers away from here. The traces of Roman life are to be found everywhere here in this region, and even the Rathaus City Hall, the Frankfurter Römer, and also the Römerberg of Roman Hill in the heart of the old city, well, a close, eloquent testimony to the close cultural and intellectual bonds with the eternal city, and basically you, dear Mario, continue in the well-established tradition of the Romans who leave traces here wherever they've been. For this indeed is what you have done during your tenure, these eight years as President of the ECB, not only here, but in the whole of Europe, and you have guided the ECB indeed through turbulent times in which the weaknesses, but not only the weaknesses of the immune-werelaid bear. I remember very well how we met in Frankfurt eight years ago, shortly before you assumed office, we met here in Frankfurt, and immediately after the inaugural celebrations, the first joint crisis meeting was scheduled, and many more were to follow. These were not easy times, and the markets at the time were actually betting on the collapse of the Eurozone. Today, eight years later, we are far away from this. The trust of the market players in the Euro and the Euro area has long since returned. Our monetary area, our currency area is still not without problems, but it has become much, much stronger than before the European sovereign debt crisis. Under your leadership, the ECB has given an important and indeed crucial contribution to stability of the Euro area as one of the instruments in the overall orchestra of the Euro area, and also as an independent institution. This cannot only be measured in figures and data, but also in the fact that so many of our citizens in the member states approve of the Euro and indeed support it. And during your tenure, the ECB has given a crucial contribution to stability of the Euro area. You've been able to do that first because you are an independent institution and because of this independence of the central bank, you have been able to fulfill this job and you are actually in line with a long and tried and true tradition, a tradition we have here also in the Bundestag. Sometimes independence is always also in a way a protection when you're not in agreement with what policy makers pursue. But this independence is also an essential pre-exit for a central bank to fulfill its prime objective, namely ensuring price stability. And as a guarantor for price stability, that indeed is the only thing that will be ensuring the acceptance of the citizens. We have to be able to defend this independence also and in particular any economic, economically difficult times. You, dear Mario Draghi, have never allowed for any doubt regarding the independence of the European central bank. You said, for example, in our quote, we are not forced by anybody. We are independent and make our own judgment. And that's it, end of quote. Secondly, during your tenure, the ECB has made significant strides in further developing EMU. On the one hand, because you and your colleagues have stood up resolutely for the euro on the international stage. I remind all of us of the July 2012, within our mandate, the European central bank is ready to do whatever it takes to the euro. And this is probably one of the most significant sentences we will remember from your term in office. As usual in Germany, the Federal Constitutional Court has immediately sort of seized the matter and looked at this sentence and also evaluated your analysis of the situation and the consequences of it and actually decided that it was in agreement with it. So the European sovereign debt crisis made completely new demands on all of us. The banking union was such an answer that was needed. Never again should individual banks drag down whole member states. And thanks to the ECB, we were able to implement the first steps on building up the banking union very quickly. At the time, we decided to install the oversight mechanism for systemically important bank at the ECB. And that immediately shows also the trust that we place in the ECB as a capable institution for the whole of the union. And further steps will have to follow for building up and enhancing the banking union. We need also a couple of market union in Europe. And you've constantly warned us of the necessity of that. But the ECB has also always said where there are the limits of its possibilities and its mandate. For monetary policy may achieve quite a lot, not everything. And the ECB cannot relieve governments of their responsibility to do their homework and strengthen competitiveness of the individual countries. And this is why you, time and again in the European Council, enjoined member states to live up to their responsibilities. This is particularly true in economically good times. They have to be used for structural reform so that we do not always, as regards our fiscal and economic policy, in crisis mode. But that we act preemptively and strengthen foundations for future growth. Thirdly, a prime objective of the ECB wars and continues to be a stable euro, thanks to the banking union, to the European mechanism, a rescue mechanism, ESM, and the strengthening of the stability pact. The euro rests on a far more solid foundation than only eight years ago. But there is also room for further improvement. We have to go one step further with this new EU budget instrument for competitiveness and convergence and the strengthening of the ESM, particularly convergence, is of crucial importance for the eurozone because we have to see and acknowledge that over the past few years, we have not been able to achieve convergence to the necessary extent. And with the creation of this new budget instrument on the basis of the most recent Franco-German proposals, we adopted the central cornerstones to make this happen. And we hope that we shall be able to adopt this in December once we have also the financial perspective. And Madam President-Elect, we will have to work on this. And the Commission will have to work on this. And we have all of this on solid ground. And ladies and gentlemen, we have to acknowledge that the euro is far more than a mere currency generally fulfilling the functions one generally associates with the currency. The euro is maybe even more than the Schengen agreement at any rate on par with Schengen as central symbol of the irreversibility of the European integration process. And this is why Germany and the city of Frankfurt are so proud to be home to the European central bank. The rise of Frankfurt as one of the most important financial centers of Europe, obviously there are also competitors, but it is nowhere exemplified more clearly than in this impressive building in which we are gathered here today. It is visible from afar yet integrated in the Frankfurt skyline and shows very clearly that the ECB is part and parcel of this city. And for the first time that the ECB was established, there will be a female president very shortly at the helm of this institution. And let me say, dear Christine Lagarde, I am delighted that such an admin and personality is taking over from Mario Draghi. You will shoulder in your capacity as president responsible task and this in exciting times. And I wish you a steady hand at the helm of this institution and every success. And you, dear Mario, well, it may well serve perhaps as a consolation in leaving office that you leave the leadership of the ECB in such capable hands. I would like to thank you most warmly for your passionate commitment to your office. And you have ensured the institution, the independence of this institution of the ECB, filled it with life, strengthened the monetary union. In so doing, you have given outstanding service to Europe. You have never shirked away from controversy. And you have ensured also the stability of this currency of the euro area. And these are truly large footsteps that you leave behind and that are also important for the city of Frankfurt. Thank you very much and all the best to you personally. President of the European Central Bank, dear Mario Draghi, President of the Republic, Madam Chancellor, dear Angela, Madam President-Elect of the European Commission, Madam President-Designate of the European Central Bank, dear Christine, ladies and gentlemen commissioners and ministers and governors, ladies and gentlemen, dear friends. If there are so many of us around you in Frankfurt today, dear Mario, it is not only to hail a well-conducted mandate as President of the European Central Bank. What brings us together today goes well beyond monetary policy. I will leave to others who are better qualified than I am the task of analyzing and of extending the immense legacy you leave in that regard. What we are celebrating above all today is the record of a man who held the European dream very high and who held it in this institution which demonstrated during the financial crisis, and I am speaking here in front of your predecessor and in front of your successor, its solidity and its robustness. A man who has been through his speeches and decisions worthy heir of the founding fathers of Europe, this affiliation, dear Mario, places you in the footsteps of Jean Monnet, of Robert Schumann, of Conrad Adenauer, and your illustrious countryman, Alcy de Gasbury and Altiero Spinelli. In Milan a few weeks ago, you delivered one of those speeches that punctuated your mandate and which are now written in the stones which are building Europe. As the students of the Catholic University were honoring you with an award, you mentioned three qualities that make a good policymaker, knowledge, courage, and humility. Dear Mario, you honor and you've embodied those qualities here. You acquired and conquered knowledge through exceptional academic education and professional experience. You enhanced it constantly through exchanges with the most brilliant economic minds and you transmitted it through your teachings and conferences. That expertise, acknowledged by all, was decisive to establish your intellectual authority among your peers, the market observers, as they called, and where beyond. Courage and even boldness are what you often required over the last eight years, thrown into the Euro-area sovereign debt crisis as soon as you took office. You led an action supported by the ECB teams that many of whom are here today to show their regard that was decisive to save Europe from sinking. History will, of course, remember, and Madam Chancellor was also mentioning this sentence a few minutes ago. We'll remember the 26th of July, 2012, where you asserted the ECB's determination to do anything in its power to save the Euro, whatever it takes, three words, three words that decreed with as much strength as simplicity the irreversibility of the Euro in the face of markets believed to be uncontrollable. Then, throughout your tenure, you took no less daring decisions to stimulate credit growth or to prevent the deflation risk in the Euro area. Your courage is also measured with the vast European ambition that you never ceased to foster against opposing wins and voices of retreat, faced with the insufficiencies of the Monetary and Economic Union, you called for the implementation of a true banking union and the establishment of a budgetary capacity in the Euro zone that would be significant enough with the stabilization function. And Madam Chancellor, I first of all congratulate ourselves for the French-German agreement that was found and that we carried on later on in Europe that we'll have to continue through the coming turbulent times, though through those instruments, this strategy is as indispensable as ever. That courage, dear Mario, meant that you were criticized sometimes and that made it even more indispensable. Recently, with the unanimous support of the governing council of the European Central Bank, you called for fiscal policies to fully play their roles in view of the current weakening economic outlook, saying that governments with fiscal space should act in a resolute, effective, and timely manner. And we can only welcome the courage of the political leader who, within his mandate, managed to overcome political dogmas. It's up to us now, heads of state and government, to carry forward this famous whatever it takes, to match your courage and your foresight, we must be the guardians of what is your legacy, the certainty of the durability of the Euro and the need to consolidate it, to turn it into strength for all of our Europe. As for the humility which distinguishes you, it is not alien, I believe, to the Jesuit education you received, drawn from your constant self-critical reflection. This humility led you to constantly recognize the precedence of policy to protect your institution. You have always been careful to keep your decisions strictly within your mandate. Let's not forget that the famous whatever it takes was preceded by within our mandate. It is also this humility and the ethics that were apparent where you had to account for your actions in front of national and European parliamentarians. Finally, DiMario, allow me to add to those rare qualities a fourth quality, which I believe does characterize you even more than the previous three, humanity. In the world of finance and of central banks that may seem distant and cold, this quality maybe sometimes was less perceptible. However, infused with this European humanism, which like you was born in Italy, you were always aware of what was most important beyond words and figures, people's lives. They were always your compass, and you did not get lost in the way. You acted for them, for all, for what we call in my country, meaningfully, public interest. This European humanism places you resolutely in the lineage of the great founding fathers and the great minds. This is why, as I was saying, it is more than a successful mandate as leader of the institution that you are leaving behind today, what you are passing on to us, DiMario, is the torch of European humanism. By saving the euro, you ensured and fortified the protection of Europe and of its peoples. From now on, this way that you trace, this humanism, which during eight years was seen through your concrete actions, are up to us. And I know that the president-designate Christine Lagarde will take over in a few days. And she knows the place and the importance of this legacy. And I also know the importance that she attaches to independence and to the responsibility that is linked to this. And I know that she will make sure that she can also leave her mark in this institution. To answer people's expectations in a fractured and turbulent world, you led the fight. This fight, you led it throughout your career. So as you are about to take your leave, DiMario, we are here to promise to you that there will be many of us to continue your commitment. And we will try to be worthy of it. I know that this institution that you chaired for eight years will be worthy of it, because it showed its solidity for all those years. And it showed the strength of institutions when Europe is brave enough to create those institutions and to bring forward the European spirit. We owe it to you as we owe it to Europeans. And I also know that you will still be a part of it beyond a well-deserved rest, because this humanism lives in you wherever you are, whatever you do, you will be keeping it alive in Europe, for Europe. Thank you. We all thank you. Signor President Macron. President Macron, Madam Chancellor, incoming President of the European Commission, incoming President of the European Central Bank. Ladies and gentlemen, I'm extremely pleased to be here today to express my gratitude to President Mario Draghi for his extraordinary commitment to serve Europe. I also wish to convey my best wishes to the incoming President, Christine Lagarde, for her new appointment and express my full trust in her. Today's ceremony is also an opportunity for us to reflect. Indeed, 20 years have gone by since the establishment of the European Central Bank, and we can definitely say that it's been a positive experience. Mario Draghi took the baton from Jean-Claude Trichet at a time of great change after the first 10 years of monetary union characterized by relatively stable economic conditions, with a moderate and constant growth, which the bank fostered and supported. During its first decade of life, the institution built its credibility on the goal of curbing inflation, making sure that it remained within 2% in accordance with the objective it had set out. In 2011, however, the impact of the financial crisis imposed a change of pace upon the union and especially the bank. The challenge had readily become an existential one, overcoming the perception or even the risk that the euro system might be on the brink of dissolution. Today, we may consider that possibility and risk has been behind us. Indeed, the bank was able to respond to the sovereign debt crisis, which had an impact on banks and businesses with some widely debated innovative instruments. And it refused to play the role of an entity that was rigidly bound by predefined mechanism, regardless of the situation. Instead, it adopted a smart and responsive approach and never resigned itself passively to dealing with the consequences of any given situation, while always respecting rigorously the mandate entrusted to it. Indeed, it never ceased to be aware of the limits of monetary policy, while at the same time, it heeded the pressing request to operate through other levers like fiscal policy and structural reforms. Because as often stressed by the president of the bank, we can't place too great an onus upon monetary policy. Once the darkest phase was over, the union had to secure the European economy, especially it had to support the European economy's final recovering by sustaining growth and employment levels. And there were many significant responses, and it was recognized that all the institutions that the union had to do their part. The overall architecture of the single currency became more robust. Common national budget rules were strengthened. The European stability mechanism was created, and the banking system was overhauled with a consequent introduction of a single supervisory mechanism. Now, the single resolution mechanism, in case of bank failures, was established, along with the European system to protect bank deposits, although a European deposit insurance came easier to be completed. Over the past eight years, Mario Draghi authoritatively served a more solid and inclusive Europe. He perceived the defense of the single currency as a battle to be fought with a determination against the forces that wanted to see a crumble. With great courage, a courage that was rational, because it was always supported by analyses produced by the institution itself and the council in its collegiality, in a context which by its very nature is characterized by uncertain individual and market conditions, a courage that enabled him to listen to dissenting and critical opinions but also appreciate the contribution of those who challenged the consolidated visions. Today, I think we can say that the European economic system is sounder. Employment levels have risen and are higher on average than in 1999. The European banking system is more compact. There is a higher degree of integration, a greater convergence. But especially, and this is one of the greatest achievements of the past few years, popular support for the euro has gone back to being especially high. Today, I think we're also given the opportunity to look at what still needs to be done in this vast continent of ours, especially in order to strengthen the euro zone. We must not forget that competition with the world's great economic areas has become truly fierce. And more than ever, size has become a crucial element to be able to influence the course of events in order to protect our societies and citizens. In the current context, completing the European project is an existential need if the union intends to truly become a global actor. On February the 22nd, the University of Bologna awarded Mario Draghi an honoris causa degree. And I'd like to repeat some of the words of his Lectio Magistralis. In today's world, interconnections, technological, financial, and commercial are so powerful that only the largest states are able to be independent and sovereign at the same time, and not even completely. And then he added, the European Union is the one institutional construction that in many areas has allowed its member states to be sovereign. It is a shared sovereignty preferable to a non-existent one. I'd like to borrow those words from him because I believe that the protection of European country sovereignty lies with the European Union. The quantity and quality of the steps and measures required to face a new international scenario call for a further and responsible change of pace, which must also involve the European Parliament for it is the expression of the European people. We must all have courage. I don't think it must have been easy for President Draghi and the thick of the crisis to say whatever it takes, whatever it takes, as long as it takes for the good of Europe and of future generations. That is what we must all absolutely do. Dear Mario, Professor Draghi, as a European citizen, I wish to say thank you. Thank you very much, Excellencies, for sharing your remarks. The Aries Quartet will now continue its tour through Europe's musical landscape, performing one of the most popular pieces of chamber music, the String Quartet in F Major by Antonin Voschak. Thereafter, Christine Lagarde, incoming president of the ECB, will take the floor followed by President Draghi. This will be followed by the traditional handover of our governing council bell. And the Aries Quartet will then close the ceremony with a European anthem owed to joy. Mr. Merkel, Mr. President of the Republic, Mr. President of the Italian Republic, Mrs. President of the Commission. President of the Commission, President, ladies and gentlemen, or lady and gentlemen, dear governors, dear ministers and commissioners, present, past and possible future. Senor Presidente Draghi, Senora Draghi. It is customary in the last few years to recount the highlights of the many worthy professional deeds of the person who is living. In your case, Diomario, these deeds are so well known that there is no need to repeat them. I have actually committed to staff not to say the famous three words. So let me instead, and varying a little bit from the three beautiful qualities that President Macron has identified, vary a little bit and highlight those personal qualities that I associate with you and that have turned you into such a leading figure on the international scene and that I admire most. The first quality, very similar to the knowledge that you've identified, is the wisdom that you impart. In all those numerous meetings that we both attended, whether at the IMF or in European institutions, I have always been impressed by your contributions.  It is what I call the Mario approach. That approach is vital in a world that is constantly changing. Economic relationships and trends shift. Policy reactions that were appropriate two decades ago are no longer valid. Only through continued research can we fully understand the contours of the problems and the way in which we can address them and propose new solutions. But wisdom, without a purpose, is not enough. Your contributions also demonstrate your devotion to economic and monetary union with the euro at its core. During the sovereign debt crisis, you played a pivotal role in finding a European solution that underpinned the return to stability. You understood, there were not many at the time, the power of destabilizing dynamics that risked becoming self-fulfilling. Changes in market pricing caused by fears of countries leaving the euro were exacerbating economic difficulties and thus making such an event even more probable. The self-fulfilling prophecy was in place. But you realized that the vicious cycle needed to be broken and that it was vital to anchor the irreversibility of the euro. And here, your second quality, your determination was crucial because insight was not enough. You also had to act together with the governing council with creativity, vision, to use all available tools in the ECB's mandate. File K. Chedevi is certainly something that you had in mind and that we had in mind and should have in mind. Your decisiveness and commitment inspired confidence not just to the markets, not just to the economy, but also to the policy makers who were inspired by your confidence. As you have noted, the moves establishing banking union, the European stability mechanism and structural reforms in a number of countries were also a vital part of the process, but you inspired us at the time. Your dedication to the future success of the euro remains unabated. You continue to advocate for the completion of the reforms that started during the crisis for structural reforms that have been started and maybe not yet completed in order to harness the opportunities for living standards offered by the single market and for a better mix between monetary and fiscal policy in order to facilitate the effectiveness of both of them in an interrelation that is something of a chemistry. These factors all remain crucial to ensure that we never have to face such a crisis again or that if we ever have to face it, we are actually equipped to deal with it. Now to anyone who knows you, Mario, I think it is very clear that underlying all that you have done is a genuine commitment to the people of Europe. The euro does not belong to you, you know that. It does not belong to the ECB, however well it serves it. It belongs to them, to the people of Europe. And we are merely stewards on their behalf. As we both know, we're just passing through. And while always faithful to the mandate for price stability, you showed you care for people through your speeches, raising a number of important issues. Two years ago, you gave a speech in Dublin, highlighting the long-term cost to our societies of youth unemployment. You pointed out that while national policies were crucial, Europe could actually provide part of the solution through the opportunities offered by the single market. And if there is one number that you mentioned, it is not necessarily 2% close to but below, but it's 11 million of those jobs that were created. You have also highlighted how Europe provides protection for people. And in your speech earlier this year at the University of Bologna, you explained how by working together we increase our sovereignty in a globalized world and distinguished between independence and sovereignty and how one can facilitate the other. Europe has been at the heart of everything that you do. Your stewardship is now coming to an end and you live with the euro more popular than ever and trust in the EU at its highest level since the crisis. Let me thank you for all that you have done in bringing about the continued success of the euro area and more importantly, the well-being of its people. Your legacy is such that it is a call for us to excel, to exceed expectations and to deliver on the mandate and to serve the European mission as you have served it with wisdom, with determination and with commitment. Now that should be the end of my speech but because we both love music and I cannot duplicate the talent that are out there, I thought I would just mention the words of a song which in my view corresponds very well with what you have done, which if not inspired by the Jesuits might actually meet the expectations as well and you will recognize it. Ring the bell, ring the bell that can still ring. Forget your perfect offering. There is a crack in everything that's where the light gets in. Thank you very much, Mario. Well, first of all, let me say thank you, Christine, for your extremely kind, it's an understatement for your extremely kind words. Leaving the ECB has made all the easiest Chancellor said by the knowledge that its presidency is in your capable hands. And to President Macron, President Mattarella and Chancellor Merkel, I'm truly humbled to receive such a tribute from leaders who themselves, for first of all, I'm truly humbled to have you here, but also to receive such a tribute from leaders who themselves have done so much to advance the cause of European integration and whose courage, resolve, and integrity at critical moments has allowed Europe to navigate safely through the turmoil of the past decade. This year marks two decades of monetary union, which is by any measure, a momentous anniversary. Not so long ago, the euro area economy was scarred by a level of unemployment, probably unseen since the Great Depression, and fundamental questions were asked about whether the euro would survive. Today, as Christine just recalled, 11, and probably more by now, 11 million more people are in work. Public trust in the euro's reason to its highest level ever. Across the euro area, policymakers are reaffirming that the euro is irreversible. But I see today more as an occasion to reflect than to celebrate. The euro is an eminently political project, a fundamental step towards the goal of greater political integration. A project which found its economic justification in the powerless state of European economies in the mid-1980s. Unemployment had risen from 2.6% in 1973 in 1973 to 9.2% in 1985, and growth had slowed significantly in the 12 countries that would go on to form the euro area. What the visionary leaders of that era saw, however, was that Europe had a powerful tool at its disposal to raise growth, to transform its common market into a single market. Removing existing barriers to trade and investment could reverse the decline in economic potential and bring more people back in work. Yet the single market was always more than just this. It also aimed to protect people from some of the costs of the changes that would inevitably arise. Unlike the wider process of globalization, it allowed Europe to impose its values on economic integration, to build a market that, to the extent possible, was free and just. Common rules would create trust between countries, give the weak recourse against the strong and provide safeguard for workers. The single market, in this sense, was a bold attempt at managed globalization. It combined competition with levels of consumer and social protection unseen in the rest of the world. But there was one type of unfair practice that a single market could not prohibit, competitive devaluations. That prospect would undermine the mutual trust that was critical for the single market to survive and, even more importantly, for the project of greater political integration to progress. Freely floating currencies were therefore not an option and fixed exchange rates would not work as capital became more mobile within Europe as the ERM crisis in 92, 93 proved. The answer was to create a single currency, one market with one money. This construct has been largely successful. Incomes across countries have materially increased. Integration and value chains have developed to an extent unimaginable 20 years ago and the single market has survived intact through the worst crisis since the 1930s. But the past 20 years have taught us a few lessons, two of which I wanna recall today, for a successful monetary union. The first concerns monetary policy. When the ECB was established, its dominant concern was to keep inflation down. The ECB was a new central bank with no track record, so its policy framework was expressly designed to build strong anti-inflationary credibility. It achieved this quickly and it is so to the tremendous credit of the ECB's early leaders that its first decade went so smoothly. But no one could have foreseen that the environment facing monetary policy globally was soon to abruptly reverse, that inflationary forces would turn into deflationary ones. In all advanced economies, this called for a new paradigm for central bankers, which comprised two elements, the determination to fight deflation as strongly as inflation, and flexibility in the choice of instruments to do so. In our case, the ECB has proven that we'll not accept threats to monetary stability caused by unfounded fears about the future of the euro. It has shown that it will fight risks to price stability on the downside as vigorously as those on the upside. And it has established that it will use all the tools within its mandate to secure its mandate without ever exceeding the limits of the law. The European Court of Justice has affirmed the legality of the measures we've taken, and it has confirmed the ECB's broad discretion in using all its instruments in a necessary and proportionate way to achieve its objective. The judgment, this judgment was crucial because at stake was the essence of the central bank that the ECB has become, and that most people in Europe want to see a modern central bank able to deploy all its instruments, commensurate with the challenges it faces, and a truly federal institution that acts in the interests of the whole euro area. The second lesson concerns the institutional construction of the Economic and Monetary Union. The euro area is built on the principle of monetary dominance, which require monetary policy to be single-minded in its focus on price stability and never to be subordinate to fiscal policy. Monetary dominance doesn't preclude, however, communicating with governments when it's clear that mutually agreed aligned policies would deliver a faster return to price stability. It means that alignment between policies where needed must serve the objective of monetary stability and should not work to the detriment of it. Today we are in a situation where low interest rates are not delivering the same degree of stimulus as in the past, because the rate of return on investment in the economy has fallen. Monetary policy can still achieve its objective, but it can do so faster and with fewer side effects, negative side effects, if fiscal policies are aligned with it. This is why, since 2014, the ECB has gradually placed more emphasis on the macroeconomic policy mix in the euro area. A more active fiscal policy in euro area would make it possible to adjust our policies more quickly and lead to higher interest rates eventually. In our Monetary Union, national policies play the main role in fiscal stabilization, much more so than state-level policies in the United States. But national policies cannot always guarantee the right fiscal stance for the euro area as a whole. Coordinating decentralized fiscal policies is inherently complex, and we've seen this on and on. And uncoordinated policies are not enough because the spillovers between countries from fiscal expansions are relatively low. This is why we need a euro area fiscal capacity of adequate size and design, large enough to stabilize the Monetary Union, but designed not to create excessive moral hazard. There will be no perfect solution. When risks are shared, moral hazard can never be reduced to zero. Though it can be greatly contained by proper design. At the same time, we should also recognize that sharing risks can help reduce risks. The building of a capital markets union, which would lead to greater risk sharing in this private sector, would considerably reduce the fraction of risks than need to be managed by the central fiscal capacity. So the more capital markets union, the less need for a central fiscal capacity. And for a central fiscal capacity would in turn reduce the risk for the whole union when national policies are unable to play that role. In other regions where fiscal policy has played a greater role since the crisis, we have seen that the recovery began sooner and the return to price stability has been faster. The U.S. had the deficit of 3.6% on average from 2009 to 2018, while the Euro area had a surplus of 0.5% over the same period of time. In other words, the U.S. has had both the capital markets union and the counter-cyclical fiscal policy. The Euro area had no capital markets union and a pro-cyclical fiscal policy. The road towards the fiscal capacity will most likely be a long one. History shows that budgets have rarely been created for the general purpose of stabilization, but rather to deliver specific goals in the public interest. In the United States, it was the need to overcome the Great Depression that led to the expansion of the federal budget in 19th and 1930s. Perhaps for Europe, it will require an urgent cause such as mitigating climate change to bring about such collective focus. Whichever path is taken, explain to see that now is the time for more Europe, not less. I mean this not in an axiomatic way, but in the truest tradition of federalism where results can best be delivered by national policies, let it stay that way. But where we can only deliver on the legitimate concerns of the public by working together, we need Europe to be stronger. For us Europeans, in a globalized world, it's just been recalled by the speakers who preceded me, I think believe all of them, a true sovereignty that meets people's needs for security and prosperity can be achieved only by working together. As Chancellor Merkel has said, we Europeans have to take our destiny into our own hands if we want to survive as a community. Working together allows us to protect our interests in the world economy, to resist the pressures of foreign powers, to influence global rules to reflect our standards and to enforce our values on global corporations. None of these can be achieved to the same degree by countries acting alone. In a globalized world, sharing sovereignty is a way to regain sovereignty. But recognizing what we need to exercise what President Macron has turned European sovereignty to be effective doesn't mean that we already have the political infrastructures to do so today. Awareness of their necessity is growing quickly, however. We saw this emerging in the most recent European Parliament elections, which was perhaps the first such election fought mainly on European questions. Even those who were seeking to slow down European integration did so by contesting the European Union institutions rather than rejecting their legitimacy outright. This is only a start, but it suggests our Union is moving in the right direction and I'm confident that it will continue to do so because it is ultimately the self-interest of individual countries that lays out our future path towards a European sovereign. The actions of many committed Europeans at both the national and EU levels have helped us to reach this point. There are three groups whose contributions I would like to single out today. The first is the staff of the ECB and of the National Central Banks. There were many occasions during the crisis when the ECB found itself in truly uncharted waters. We faced by any measure an incredibly complex economic situation, with new challenges appearing the moment old ones were resolved.  But your dedication, the success of the measures you designed and the competence you displayed across the euro system in implementing those measures will make those years worth remembering. These policies are now available to all future policymakers to meet similar challenges. And this is a legacy of which all euro system staff can and should be proud. So let me express my gratitude for all your remarkable efforts which truly serve the ECB through this unprecedented time and in doing so, you serve the people of Europe. The second group I would like to highlight are my colleagues on the Executive Board and Governing Council, both past and present. You have enacted a series of measures of the past eight years in extraordinary circumstances. The bedrock of those decisions has been your consistent and unconditional commitment to our mandate. You've been unwavering in your determination both to deliver our mandate and to stay within its confines to never accept failure. You can look back with satisfaction on what you've achieved in extremely testing conditions and in the knowledge that you have improved the welfare of many people. What unites the Governing Council has always been and will always be much greater than anything that might divide it. We all share the same devotion to our mandate and the same passion for Europe. I trust that this shared conviction will continue to serve the ECB and Europe in the following in the years to come. And the third group that I wish to thank is Europe's leaders, it's you. We had to take measures that sometimes appeared controversial at first and whose benefits were only revealed slowly. Our determination never wavered as it was founded on the solid work of the staff, of our staff, was also nourished by the empathy for the people who were suffering and strengthened by the conviction that the policies would improve their situation. But in such times, and especially in a multi-country currency union, political leaders who transcended national perspectives when assessing our monetary policy and who acknowledged the Euro area perspective and explained it to their domestic audience provided an essential bulwark for our independence. I'm grateful that we had such leaders in Europe and for your steadfast support and encouragement all throughout the crisis. President Macron, President Mattarella, Chancellor Merkel, you have stood besides us unfailingly in the European Council and in global forums at the time when other major central banks have faced increasingly vocal political pressure. You have pushed back strongly against illiberal voices that would see us turn our back on European integration. And at critical moments, you've taken the steps needed to safeguard the Euro area, the Euro, and protect the heritage that was left to us, a united, peaceful and prosperous Europe. The time has come for me to hand over to Christine Lagarde, and of course, I've said it many times, so repeat it now, I have every confidence that you will be a superb leader of the ECB. My goal has always been to comply with the mandate enshrined by the treaty, pursued in total independence and carried out through an institution that has developed into a modern central bank capable of managing any challenge. And it has been a privilege and an honor to have the opportunity to do so. Thanks. Thank you.


My name is Lt. Colonel Steve Capehart. I'm the commander of 1st Battalion, 68th Armored Regiment, 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division. Well I think what you see today is live fire accuracy screen test for the M1A2 main battle tank. What that does is that's basically just like firing your M4 carbine but with 120 millimeters. It's meant to zero our ballistic solutions to ensure that they are ready to fight. I think it is because if you look at the amount of time we've only been on the ground less than 10 days. 10 days when we were already conducting a live fire screening action table showing that we are building combat power rapidly and the speed of assembly that comes with it. The power of the 120 millimeter is this amazing and being able to get out here and show our system's work is what all is all about combat readiness. Yeah so we flew in from Fort Carson Colorado and rapidly already within really within 12 hours we had our main battle tanks our sustainment piece able to get it off the rail, start our prep to fire checks, build our load plans, conduct maintenance and then voila within 10 days we're already firing. Actually we maneuvered at eight days. We already had vehicles out here conducting maneuver, winters, drivers training get used to be able to take 70 tons of combat power and put it in this type of terrain. We've also worked multiple scanning techniques because it is different from the sands of NTC. So that has been really our train up for the past year we have gone through the most rigorous training an Armored Brigade combat team can do and we validated at the National Training Center so this brigade, this battalion is doing amazing as we build combat power so rapidly. So we're already building combat power here with our Polish allies however first battalion of the Sixth Eighth Armored has the honor of going up into the Baltics so we will eventually partner with Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. So right now it is a 120 millimeter sable round training as well as the multi-purpose anti-tank round the impact round. It's fantastic I mean we've been training for this mission for the last year and I think it shows the agility of an Armored Brigade that can be able to push combat power forward build it and get it out here firing within 10 days. It's amazing to be able to see that and the support that we've received at echelon from everyone in the use for team has made this happen. So truly fantastic on that it's exciting soldiers are excited to be here it is a unique mission to be able to come here and partner with our NATO allies. I think it's fantastic as you look through what we're able to do as an Armored Brigade combat team and as an Armored Battalion we can deter any threat against the alliance as it appears as we rapidly build combat power which is proven here with the less than 10 days I'm already shooting my entire Armored Battalion. I got to thank the obviously the NATO alliance for allowing us to be here this is a fantastic training range and opportunity for us to get out here and build combat power and all the support our allies have given us. I'm just excited to be a part of this team so thank you so much for coming out and seeing my soldiers shoot today. Yeah so in a month we'll already be positioned into AR north so I will have I'll have the battalion positioned in Lafayette, Estonia and Lithuania and we will already already have got plans set for increased training for interoperability with our all three of the allies. We're actually going up to our gun table twelves platoon level live fire we're already nested in our my Charlie company will be marching in the 24 February Independence Day parade with the Estonians which we're honored to take part in as well so it doesn't end readiness doesn't end we'll sit here build combat power get validated ready to fight and then continue the mission


Great resource for teaching Business English, BBC Learning English. This Learning English website is provided by the British Broadcasting Company World Service. It offers audio, video, and text materials for learners around the world. Lessons are available for pre-intermediate to advanced students in a variety of categories. The category well suited for Business English students is titled English at Work, and covers a wide range of topics, from introductions and presentations, to language for special occasions. Thanks so much for watching. We are ITTT, the leading provider for TEFL and TESOL training courses. If you like this video, please subscribe by clicking the button down here, and click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.