the show here on pink take a while in broadcasting live from our cost of politics in coastal city of on a little white and i have my body to sort of round back with the high to solo hello martin and i think we should tell everybody that you're talking to from germany and i'm speaking from a little because we are separated on the other side of the earth and will wear that and on top of that we're like everyone because we're now having march of two thousand and twenty well quarantined or at least isolated from each other yes socially distanced as one likes to say because of the corona challenge yes and uh... this is in many ways probably also therapeutic is everything is that people still doing these days and this is the uh... force of uh... so far three shows about uh... being hopeful that uh... in about a year we have everything back under control and can uh... the social gather again and i want to take you to solo and everyone else who got interested through these uh... special edition shows who actually come with me to germany and experience how things are different there but also certain things that we can sort of take home back to a white and if we can get the first picture up here while in the past we have actually been talking about the bill environment and how climate informs the culture of it and actually uh... the bill environment is the one that has the most impact and responsibility on the environment and also global warming and all the other issues were wrestling with and uh... so here is is that's again you know how we grew up we both had a taste of the cold which i by the way have again it's up to zero here so i know you won't be jealous of that though i am not i'm happy i'm here but but and uh... but today we want to talk about actually the second largest impact on the environment which is not the bill environment but the way we move so transportation is number two as far as a global emissions and and and global uh... you know challenges and so whenever we're not at home which we have to be now how do we go to other places and unfortunately a little bit now a single transportation is increasing uh... because that's the only way we can socially distance each other and go to other places and buy food and things which we have talked about but i'm at the very these days essential apology so if we look at the very right pictures we see at the very top that not only the grass but also the bug of rena on the other side and because you have been interested in my culture and body to the vehicle and we have this yet the w-b-b-b and they were green or turquoise and you hit the title page of the local our advertiser by flipping over and lucky me not hurting yourself and maybe maybe americano kids basically they don't want to wait to get it big american boat there's my family to blend the theory that i have to get myself when i was a student in the u.s and uh... uh... before that and you see at the very bottom right this is in front of which we had introduced to the audience which has impacted me deeply how i grew up that was a ninety six steps no elevator walk up that i have to walk up and down and i could actually get to everything by walking in all honesty we had cars and you see here uh... me and my sister and my mother in front of actually two cars uh... whenever there was a job i thought of being an architect uh... you know we lived it up and we happens mercedes to the left and a little uh... out of yonki on the on the right side and the mercedes you know much of never sort of uh... left me ever since because uh... one of our p-i-ing cars uh... for the shows that we used to drive around occasionally is not with you the solo country and that's shown in the little picture in the middle of the leg and so i'm taking care of your mercedes while you are in germany thank you very much and you said it fit nicely in because it traces back to family history uh... similar mercedes haven't been in that parking garage and surf your family all is one total piece of artwork thank you so let's jump to this typology next slide here uh... because because transportation before it became individual obvious is a little bit one can say you catch myself being a little hypocrite because on the one side i love cars as you love cars is almost everyone that part on the other hand we know that it's not the most responsible thing i go as far when i get grumpy that i'd say the two worst things that you will correct me because you know from history and being that it's during that they're other worst things that cook and co-broad but i'm saying in the modern age is that the post-contact uh... culture it was that combustion engine in two forms and air conditioning for buildings which we talk excessively about always but also as a combustion engine for moving people around for cars right but before that came we did it differently and that's what this slide is about it explain a little bit to us how that was well what we see today is uh... work that under construction are are heavy rail system our metro system is currently under construction as you see in the pillar and upper left corner but we formally had mass transit in the form of streetcars and we started that with streetcars that were pulled by mule as you see in the lower right and then we switched to electric streetcars and those were very common throughout the entire world and this all came to pass right at the king co-op color was in ruling on island and he was very important possible all of them and who in fact traveled all the way around the world first monarch in the entire history of the world to have done that so including to germany by the way yes we have any came to see your people exactly and the chaser i think they did they did and he also imported a band leader from germany henry berger who was very important uh... in it in the uh... evolution of Hawaiian music in the modern era too okay so in that sort of tradition of innovation on the island which you're an expert in uh... we want to give as food for thought to maybe return to these virtues and uh... get back to actually light rail and in order to do so next slide we want to actually look at again where i come from where we want to introduce to project to you and one today and one another show and uh... the first one is the one at the top right which is actually our initial project how our firm started to come and uh... that one we want to go to the next slide and uh... when we will go will be in next april so next month in a year again hopefully you will all join us and we will look at what go to the next life and we talked about this before what president who about the given conditions were analyzed well what happened was that uh... your firm consisting of you and your father word-designed shelters for a late rail system that was installed in handover where you're from and because this like a system had to be put down the center of an existing street it had to be made very skinny so the train cars themselves are skinny platforms are spinning and all of the shelters had to be very shallow they're called because they do provide shade for people to sit and protection but they had to be very small to fit into this site and so as you told me last night there are twelve stops and so twelve shelter systems of shelters had to be built and for each of the stops there range from maybe or shelters to as many as eight depending on how many people use that particular spot and so but it's in that framework these what we're about to see is what your firm created yeah and we have to say that these sort of the initiation of it was an event that made our little sleepy town popular around the world because we want a bit for the world's fair in two thousand who and so that that brought a lot more people in that usually we have and this is a similarity on a little right we bring a lot more people in there with some kinds can handle and visitors as tourists you know we figure this or learn this the heart rate right now which everything that has to do with it and having become our major economical for it and that not for the breaking away will challenges to say the very least right here it was it was a good thing because it brought a poor federal money into so that one was able to do this pretty big undertaking because this line became uh... as an additional artery again bringing people to the export area through public transportation while it would be export was gone it serves previously underserved neighborhood uh... with public transportation and what you see on the slide is the condition that we analyze that usually have with a train system that by a choice in the seventies where they were putting everything in the core of the city on the ground in the subway which will talk about later at the second project next week uh... this train at three feet above grade until the platforms have to be and plus what you said the stations have to be filled in squeezed into an existing streetscape until everything is very very tight and so usually you got these which you see at the top right you got the glass waiting station but then if there's a truck driving right behind you only a few inches apart give you a very uncomfortable feeling off probably hitting you in the back so we did not want that and instead did what at the next life okay so uh... are we on the flight of the two pictures now that the shelter pictures yeah the shelter picture okay a standard what you guys created with the standard module it could be built in every one of the stock and each of those fulfill the basic need for shelter so we see really basic need for shelter the man just lying in a cave we also see that this could be achieved through this very skinny same-size, same dimension structure but as we're going to see every one of them at every stop looks different so they're all the same they all were changed and made unique and individual as well we'll see on-site how they sort of almost design themselves to be very wide to protect you in a maximum way by being skinny and slender in the direction of the platform and and then we call them waiting blocks for obvious reasons and they should have been there are short-term spaces in places of occupancy so we treated the market actually no different than your living room which should you know provide you the same level of comfort and another similarity to Honolulu we said that this is all the shelter one needs in our tropics right sheltering from the rain at the sun while again here i'm currently indoors and in this sort of well alluding to the funny little picture on the on the first slide with the sort of knitted sort of cover over the house you know that's what you need here so that the next slide is going to be uh... again while uh... we will we will experience on-site which you cannot theoretically and only when you're there we experience that that these sort of buildings are uh... you know serve the people but the people have a problem with them which you found out through surveying as a as a as a research tool because they're so long two hundred ten feet long six to seventy meters that people experience them as a barrier from one side of the street to the other one and how did we saw that problem which we thought as a metaphor as an analogy operation on the on the top left well the next life yeah okay so we what was what you said one that and i asked you about this why not just build an entire structure that covers the entire platform for its entire length and this is what you said the people who live there that this is right in front of didn't want that so instead they turned into small individual structures and again they all use the same steel frame work as you can see in the lower picture but they're like stepping stones they're individual so they're not a giant wall that block to be gone and we go to the next slide as you mentioned before and there's another analogy that we'd like to use here these kids obviously little scaryly sitting in the tracks and holding their legs don't do that kid you know no no as you see there is there's when when people are waiting for the train is that it's a bunch of different characters and that informed us to also ask the client you know specifically which station is more frequented which station you know had more demand who were able to actually negotiate once we had sort of identified the little waiting block family members we thought you know you know how big are the families at specific stations and so that created and through that you can actually identify when you see more blocks because these are very materialized very apparent you can see that the station that has more meaning and more frequency and what what they're less uh... there's there's less of that right so the next slide is is then that clue with with all the sort of making sense and all the logic about because after all it's about which we all know to make public transportation sexy how do you make people you know it's more comfortable in your car or convenient commodity so how can you get people to actually use it we as architect but you can do this through the stalls which is the german term that you americans adopted as famous like guys as to basically uh... you know lure people into it and so this is a picture here this is this is historic you should are part of that in your museum because this is before the digital ages came and similar to your dial phone that you're having that you have to get out yet are the last and a lot drawing that we use and that which was a competition in two thousand so these are the actual sort of photo collage uh... board submission board that uh... made us uh... basically win the competition to with you go to the next slide uh... operate based on this very simple sort of both off again you see that section of the scale of the train and you see the section of the station and the station has uh... to protect the people in the best way has double-skinned with a structure with a skeleton inside but very much like the old doctor temper virtue of birthwork framework and enclosure break which he created as a very early modern protagonist and now we will uh... sort of do something or simulate something that we will do actually there and nothing beat the real deal so we will write that that the drill the train and we will then get off each and every station and experience what we will now in the remaining time give a little appetizer for right right so let's go to the the first station and that get out there you know get out of the train and what will we experience for the first station well you said that in this neighborhood and you didn't want to be really literal and how you decide every one of the people with the materials you chose for each one and in this particular neighborhood there are a lot of important building and so you decided to use brick red brick at the same material as commonly seen around but you did some really interesting things with it which first of all you required the bricks to be custom-sized in order to fit the buildings that you are making secondly you required the bricks to be set with the minimum of more very difficult process to achieve because there are standards that you're putting them like that not only was aesthetically attractive but it also meant that graffiti on those bricks then it was not permanently between the bricks unable to be cleaned off because graffiti off of uh... so thinking about who do we attract to join us i can think of people from the art department for example give this project here all the waiting blocks are treated as little on the pieces of architecture and that way there are sort of inhabited art but talking about all these complexities off basically art in the public space i think would be very interesting and actually have been sort of published and awarded all around the world in the sort of category so again artist and material scientist as well as obviously people from art and public transport you know authorities because they would be interesting uh... how other cities municipalities have dealt with such things before and as we will get to in the next short at the beginning will rip up this project how have they been holding up over time because we're talking export to a thousand so that's been a while that's been two decades so that's interesting of how did how did they hold up with a look at the next exactly so the next station here is a very special one because we talked about the platform having to be skinny he had to be extra skinny here because there was even less space but this is a very frequent patient but there's a lot of blocks so and now you challenge me because we always give us uh... you know language lessons and so you taught me a new term yet and that was called or or do i get do i get this together and uh... you know i got i don't know you know i don't think that they are came in a little bit of a little bit less used right nights when they were under their metal suits of farmer in europe exactly that is the flexible but very strong height of a neck and that's a material we use here for several reasons we'll explain on five and that's a material to take home because it's not a similar to the many measures we have been talking about at some building especially mid-century have been deciding to wear protect themselves from the ever shining sun that we need to talk to us from that's right that would be something another material that actually always wanted to do a show about it and that's actually something that sort of an exotic material that glass block yeah and there's a couple of examples of black block in honolulu and that's what that's on our list for future shows to make a little black glass block and keep on looking for best practices of that one correct this one here is is that i think that i like to yeah oh yeah thank you exactly but that's the one there with the ice cubes here as as a metaphor and again this is this actually is the station that has actually set the module that you were talking about because we have to set on one uh... element on one module that you can't cut that you can't customize and that's certainly a glass block but this is an american-sized glass block it's satinated that we use and as you can see it's appearance of changing from when it's an overcast day which we have a lot it looks very much opaque frosty and uh... when it gets winter and the sun is very low and it's sunny the sunshine through as you see at the very bottom left on the the third from the bottom left and they look very ghosty and very skeleton and there was something about the grant on the grant right back to it uh... i think that you would buy that it's right and one of the things that's nice about these different patients is because they're all visually different uh... even though they're the same size and shape that they can be differentiated very clearly without having to look at the name of the station when the train stopped and so people could say that this is the ice cube one or this is the ice house one because it looks like it's made out of ice well again from the that's one aspect sort of giving it identity uh... for the neighborhood but on the other hand when you're in the train you get the experience of experiencing moving in space through places and you don't drive by the same old and same old and don't know which station you get off but also you get excited about being that same thing being interpreted differently so it's almost like in a movie what's seen as neck right back and as i said i don't speak german so if i was to write on this little train line it would be easier for me to not try to learn it funny german word but to just know what but the station look like that i was going to get off exactly and you will when i would take you with me and everyone else okay so the next station here is we will share with the audience a very interesting background story about one of the most contemporarily famous american architect frank o'gary and we won't tell you today because we won't have the time and then you might not want to join us anymore so we can shoot all the ammunition already that we don't know we have plenty here because this is rehearsing took us hours yesterday so there's a lot to talk about but as for today let's move to the next slide and the next station which is the client's favorite because it's a wooden enclosure covered by a metal enclosure by a metal grading that we have been talking quite a bit about which is another structure that could be very favorable for shading our buildings and yet so we can learn from that but the next one next slide eric is you got very fascinated about it the curator uh... and having a lot to do with art this has to do with the dot on wall right yeah that the dot on movement but something that uh... it was created in germany about a hundred years ago and it was a break away from the traditions of art which group of people got together and just created offensive crazy things that weren't traditional and that people found very offensive in some cases and one of them was a guy associated with this way the large client nearby not the client but the big uh... printing company or publisher which was located right at this stop they wanted you to a homage to this particular artist and you've got a very clever way to do that in a way that is paying homage to him that's also not traditional because he wouldn't want have just a traditional type of you know statue or something for himself he was a daughter he would have rejected exactly and that's why i thought i had an impact on how they appear at night which is that next like we're looking at right now with the dark black uh... yeah uh... people on the right side we have to rush through speed up the train here to make it is almost out of time at the next slide here in the next station is how a cookie which is one of the most export all of the export things from my home town and had a work in form a train station the next one that is how uh... how you know uh... shelter a wooden shelter in the forest can become an inspiration for a shelter and the next slide after that is actually the first one on the at that time biggest largest makes a think about the large housing demand we have it on a little that was the biggest uh... residential housing uh... development in the world at the time to house all the people working and and more long-term guest of the expo so that the first station how that materialize interesting and that's why it is a station which is the heart of the community and how do you sort of recall the history of the place we will talk about at that station at the second to last patient at the next slide here uh... and uh... and uh... the next slide for the next group like that and i got you i don't know if we got that one second about talking we always like to talk about naked things right yeah that's right and so this is what happened to that patient and we will talk about why did make it and uh... at time at that time it had a very crazy thing installed it yeah that makes it temporarily not a kid but a different right and the last slide we want to look at today here number twenty three here is the final where we reached the expo obviously the expo was the big and we wanted to step back and so that that station is is designed rather sort of humble and more background but i think with this we're out of time uh... for the show bacon and so we will stop here uh... only to then can pick up again next time and to talk about study tours about which is uh... dwelling upon very american uh... research methods of p o e post-occupancy evaluation ebd evidence based design and help be a life cycle assessment they can look at these first and sort of the sort of online uh... review criticism of the project uh... to give us even more appetite to actually go there together about that sounds really good to me because now i've seen a lot of pictures of these and i know what their story the back story is so i want to be in person okay so then you all back for that uh... and until then they've taken down at home uh... review go back to more of our previous shows and indulge in them and uh... yeah uh... to you next week it by


Okay, we're back at Falcon 2022, CrowdStrike's big user conference, first time in a couple years, obviously, because of COVID. This is theCUBE's coverage. Dave Vellante and Dave Nicholson, wall-to-wall coverage, two days in a row. Michael Rogers is here, he's the newly minted Vice President of Global Alliances at CrowdStrike. Michael, first of all, congratulations on the new appointment, and welcome to theCUBE. Thank you very much, it's an honor to be here. So dial back just a bit. I can think about your first 100 days in this new role. What was it like, who'd you talk to, what'd you learn? Wow, well, the first 100 days were filled with excitement. I would say 18 plus hours a day, getting to know the team across the globe, wonderful team across all of the partner types that we cover, and just digging in and spending time with people and understanding what the partner needs were, and it was just, it was a blur but a blast, I agree. Were there any common patterns that you heard that you could sort of coalesce around? Yeah, I mean, I think that really what a common thing that we hear at CrowdStrike, whether it's internal or external, is getting to the market as fast as possible. There's so much opportunity, and every time we open a door, the resource investment, we continue to invest in resources, and that was an area that we identified and quickly pivoted and started making some of those new investments in a structure of the organization, how we cover partners, how we optimize the different routes to market with our partners, and yeah, just, it's been a wonderful experience, and in my 25 years of cybersecurity, actually 24 and a half as of Saturday, I can tell you that I have never felt and had a better experience in terms of culture, people, and a greater mission for our customers and our partners. Yo, Max, funny, a lot of times, Dave, we talk about this, we learned a lot from Amazon, AWS with the cloud, taking something you did internally, pointing it externally, two pizza teams, this shared responsibility model, we talk about that, and one of the other things is blockers. Amazon uses that term blockers, so were there any blockers that you identified that you're sort of working with the partner ecosystem to knock down, to accelerate that go-to-market? Well, I mean, if I think about what we had put in place prior, and I had the benefit of being Vice President of America prior to the appointment, and had the pleasure of succeeding my dear friend and mentor, Matthew Pauley, a lot of that groundwork was put in place, and we work collectively as a leadership team to knock down a lot of those blockers, and I think it really, as I came into the opportunity, and we made new investments going into the fiscal year, it's really getting to market as fast as possible. It's a massive target addressable market, and identifying the right routes and how to harness that power of we to drive the most value to the marketplace. Yeah, what does that look like in terms of alliances? Alliances can take a lot of shape. We've talked to service providers today, as an example. Are global systems integrators in that group also? What does the range look like? Yeah, I mean, alliances at CrowdStrike, and it's a great question because a lot of times people think alliances and they only think of technology alliances, and for us, it spans really any and all routes to market. It could be your traditional solution providers, which might be regionally focused. It could be nationally focused, larger solution providers or LARS. As you noted, service providers and telcos, global system integrators, MSSPs, IoT partners, OEM partners, and CrowdStrike store partners. So, you look across that broad spectrum and we cover it all. So, the MSSPs, we heard a lot about that on the recent earnings call. We've heard it, this is a consistent theme. We've interviewed a couple here today. What's driving that?  And why CrowdStrike? Why is there such an affinity between MSSPs and CrowdStrike? Yeah, a great question. We, and you noted that succinctly, that CISOs today are faced with a number one challenge is lack of resources and cybersecurity. The last stat I heard was, you know, in the hundreds of thousands, like 350,000, and that's an old stat. So, I would venture to guess that the open positions in cybersecurity are north of a half a million as we sit here today. And service providers and MSSPs are focused on providing service to those customers that are understaffed and have that personnel need. And they are harnessing the CrowdStrike platform to bring a cloud native best of breed solution to their customers, to augment and enhance the services that they bring to those customers. So, I understand you did this partner survey. Tell us about the, I love surveys. I love data, you know this. What was the genesis of the survey? Who took it? Give us the breakdown. Yeah, that's a great question. Nothing is more important than the feedback that we get from our partners. So, every single year we do a partner survey. It reaches all partner types in the ecosystem. And we use a net promoter score model. And so, we look at ourselves in terms of how we rate against other SaaS solution providers. And then we look at how we did last year and then the next year. And so, I'm happy to say that we increased our net promoter score by 16% year over year. But my philosophy is there's always room for improvement. So, the feedback from our partners on the positive side. They love the Falcon platform. They love the CrowdStrike technology. They love the people that they work with at CrowdStrike. And they like our enablement programs. The areas that they like us to see more investment in is the partner program, better and enhanced enablement, making it easier to work with CrowdStrike and more opportunities to offer services, enhance services to their customers. Do you see any dramatic differences between the types of partners? And if so, why do you think those were?  So, maybe there was less awareness there. Were there any sort of differences that you noticed by type of partner? I would say that, you know, the areas, the partners that identified areas for improvement were the partners that either were new to CrowdStrike or they're areas that we're just investing in as we expand as a company and a demand from the market is, you know, pull this into these new routes to market. Not one in particular. I mean, IOT is something that we're looking to really blow up in the next 12 to 18 months. But no common thread, consistent feedback across the partner base. Speaking of IOT, you brought it up before. You see it as an adjacency to IOT, and it seems like IOT and IOT used to never talk to each other and now they're increasingly doing so, but they're still, it still seems like different worlds. What have you found and learned in that IOT partner space? Yeah, I mean, I think the key, and the way we look at the journey is, it starts with discovery, discovering the assets that are in the IOT environment. It then transitions to detection and response and really prevention. And once you can solve that and you build that trust through certifications in the industry, you know, it really is a game changer. Any time you have global in your job title, first word that comes to mind for me anyway is sovereignty issues. Is that something that you deal with in this space in terms of partners that you're working with, focusing on partners in certain regions so that they can comply with any governance or sovereignty? Yeah, that's a great question, Dave. I mean, we have a fantastic and deep bench on our compliance team, and there are certain, you know, parameters and processes that have been put in place to make sure that we have a solid understanding in all markets in terms of sovereignty and where we're able to play and how. Yeah, were you North America before or Americas? Americas. America, so you were familiar with the sovereignty issue? Yeah, Latin America's certainly exposed me plenty of that. Yes, 100%. So you mentioned TAM before. I think it was total available market. You had a different word for the T. Total addressable market. Total addressable market. Okay, fine. So I'm here in global. That's a TAM expansion opportunity. IOT is definitely, you know, the OT piece. And then just working better, you know, better groove swing with the partners for higher velocity. When you think about the total available, total addressable market and accelerating penetration and growing your TAM, I've seen the charts in your investor presentation and, you know, it starts out small and then grows to, you know, I think it could be 100 billion. I do a lot of TAM analysis, but just my back and napkin head, you guys approaching 100 billion anyway. How do you think about the TAM and what role do partners play in terms of increasing your TAM? Yeah, that's a great question. I mean, if you think about it today, George announced on the day after our 11th anniversary as a company, 20,000 customers. And if you look at that addressable market just in the SMB space, it's north of 50 million companies that are running on legacy on-prem solutions. And it really provides us an opportunity to provide those customers with next generation threat protection and detection and response. Partners are the route to get there. There is no doubt that we cannot cover 50 million. 50 million companies requires a span of a number of service providers and MSSPs to get to that market. And that's where we're making our bets. What's an SMB that is a candidate for CrowdStrike? Is it like employee size or how do you look at that? Like what's the sort of minimum range? Yeah, the way we segment out the SMB space, it's 250 seats or end points and below. 250 end points. Yes, right. And so that would be fairly significant. So if math changes with XDR, with the X and XDR being extended, the greater number of end points means that a customer today, when you talk about total addressable market, that market can expand even without expanding the number of net new customers. Is that a fair assessment? Yeah, 100%. Yeah, you got that way and that way. But map that to like company size, can you? Roughly, what's the smallest S that would do business with CrowdStrike? Yeah, I mean, we have companies as small as five employees that will leverage CrowdStrike, yeah, 100%. And they've got hundreds of end points. Oh no, I'm sorry, five end points is the smallest size. Oh okay, so it's kind of 250 end points as what? Like the app, that's the sweet spot. That's kind of the top line we look at and then we focus. Oh okay. When we define SMB, it's below 200. So five to 250 end points, right? And so roughly, so you're talking to companies with less than 100 employees, right? Yeah, yeah, so I mean, this is what I was talking about before. I look around the ecosystem, I say this kind of reminds me of ServiceNow in 2013, but ServiceNow never had a SMB play, right? And you know, very kind of proprietary closed platform, not that you don't have a lot of propriety in your platform, you do, but they were never going to get down market there. And their TAM is not as big in my view, but I mean, your TAM is, when you start bringing an IoT, it's mind boggling. It's endless. How large it could be, yeah. All right, so what's your vision for the Elevate program, partner program? Well, I look at a couple of things that we've have in place today. One is we've established for the first time ever at CrowdStrike, the Alliance Program Management Office, APMO, and that team is focused on building out our next generation partner program. And that's processes, it's ring fencing, but it's most important, more importantly, identifying capabilities for partners to expand, to reduce friction and grow their business together with CrowdStrike. We also look at what we call program harmony, and that's taking all of the partner types, or the majority of the partner types, and starting to look at it with the customer in the middle. And so multiple partners can play a role on the journey to bringing a customer on board initially to supporting that customer going forward, and they can all participate and be rewarded for their contribution to that opportunity. So it's really a key area for us going forward. Haven't spoke model with the center of that model is the customer, you're saying? Yes. Okay, so you're not necessarily fighting each other for a sort of ownership of that model, but cool. Michael Rogers, thanks so much for coming on theCUBE. It was great to have you. My pleasure, thank you for having me. You're welcome, all right, keep it right there. Dave Nicholson and Dave Vellante will be right back to Falcon 22 from the Aria in Las Vegas. You're watching theCUBE.


Welcome to Google Drive. Let's take a tour of your drive. Google Drive is your own personal storage box right on the internet. It's a place where you can keep things you write, pictures you take, videos, slideshows, and other important files. It works just like a documents folder you'd keep on your computer except the whole thing is kept online. That means you can open it up even when you're not at home. This is a Google Drive that's full of files and folders. This is a folder and these are files. Inside the folders you can also store more files. Let's click inside this one. When you first open your drive it will probably be empty. Let's take a look around the outside of your drive so you can understand what all these symbols around the outside mean. First let's take a look at the top. This is going to be a search bar that allows you to search all the different items inside your drive. We know we have a picture of Elvis here so I'm going to search for Elvis. When I click search, the picture of Elvis comes up. I also mentioned the word Elvis in another document so that comes up too. I'm going to click back to get back into my regular folder where I was. Now let's look in the upper right hand corner. Right here is just going to be where your name is. This icon right here is for the other Google apps that are available to you if you click on that. It'll just give you a menu of a lot of different things. We're not going to be talking about all of these but that's what's in there. This is the notifications icon. This isn't for email but this is for other kinds of notifications that you might get. For example, if you are working on a document with somebody else and they make a comment on it, you may get a notification there. There would be a red number one or two or something like that to let you know. This right here would just be a picture of you or whatever image you used for your Google account. Now let's just drop down right here. This is the settings menu. Most users aren't really going to have to even mess around with this. So for right now, we're just going to leave that. But that's how you would change things like the language that you're using in Google Drive, maybe some of the apps that you have connected to it. But most of you are not going to even need to mess around with that. The information button here, if you click on that, it'll actually tell you either the activity that you've been doing lately, what items you created in your drive or if you click on details.  But if you click on individual documents, it'll give you more details about them. It'll tell you sort of like the size the last time you messed around with it. We'll click on something else. It'll tell you how much memory is in that video. And so that's what that tab is for. You can click it again to remove it. Now this one's real interesting. This one that says AZ, this is the sort options button. Let's see what happens when I click it. I have a lot of different options for how I would want to look at the items in my Google Drive. Right now they're organized by name in alphabetical order. So first the folders are listed in alphabetical order by name. And then any extra files that are in there are also listed in alphabetical order by name. I can change the way I look at them though. If I want to change them by last modified, it's going to show me which ones I changed most recently. So you're going to see now that they're not in alphabetical order anymore. This is the last one I made any changes to. That becomes really helpful when you have a lot of items in your Google Drive and you just want to find the one that you just recently were working on. You can change your view to put things in order of how you worked on them. That's what those are. I'm going to put it back into name order so they're in alphabetical order. This here changes the way you look at them also. Right now these are in what's called a grid view where you almost see pictures of some of the files.  We're going to talk about these other two icons in a later video tutorial. Let's move over to the side panel. Most of these items over here are going to come into play in the next video tutorial but I just want to show you two important things right now. First is if I click on this little arrow beside my drive, I can actually get a huge list of all the other folders that are in my drive and look at them that way. But then there's this new button. When you click on this, you get a whole bunch of other options for things that you can add to your Google Drive. Create a new folder, upload a new file, upload a new folder and then here's the other stuff.  So for example, you can use Google Docs to create a word processing document. This is a lot like Microsoft Word for anybody who's familiar with that or you can create something in Google Sheets. This is a spreadsheet program. It's a lot like Excel for anybody who's used to that and if you're not, this is just kind of like charts and graphs that you would use to keep track of things like numbers and other kinds of information. Another tool that's inside Google Drive is Google Slides. This is basically the equivalent of PowerPoint and just like in PowerPoint, they have a whole bunch of different templates that you can use to create slideshow presentations. I'll show you one of those that's sort of finished.  Two more tools that'll come automatically with your Google Drive are right through here, Google Forms, which is an online survey tool. If you've ever taken an online survey through something called Survey Monkey or something like that, this is just like that. It allows you to create surveys or questionnaires online that people can actually take online and then you get all the results. There's also Google Drawings and this is just a basic online drawing tool. You can use this to create pictures and draw on them or I'll just make some real quick thing right here, but it's a drawing tool. The other thing that comes embedded right in your Google Drive is My Maps. This allows you to create and save personal maps using all the tools of Google Maps. You notice that some of these that I've just created have now started to appear in my Google Drive. As soon as you create something new, it starts to appear in here. All of these other tools here are meant to help you keep your files organized and we're going to go over that in the next tutorial, Managing Files and Folders.


Is your mic on? I'm not sure. That was recorded and that was awesome. Soyeon Kim, you've asked us a great question about evocative effects and establishing operations and abolishing operations and evative effects. I suppose we should give you an answer. So they're all directly related to each other and sometimes the terminology gets a little, oh I don't know, confusing. So let's give you a little bit of a definition and an example and we'll kind of connect all these pieces for you because they are directly related to each other. So if we have an establishing operation, so we're going to establish the effectiveness of a reinforcer, if you will, then that establishing operation has an evocative effect on behavior. In other words, it's going to bring behavior about.   So now I have established the effectiveness of water as a reinforcer. In other words, it's going to evoke a response of water seeking behavior. So you're going to go out and you're going to find water so we evoke that behavior. So we brought it about through an establishing operation of depriving you. So then you're going to drink the water and guess what that is? That is going to have an abate of effect, right? Why? Because it is a abolishing operation, right? So you're thirsty, now you drink the water, it decreases the value of water, it abolishes the effectiveness of water as you're drinking it, which then is going to reduce the likelihood that you go out and seek the water or you reduces your drinking it at that particular moment. In other words, an abate of effect. So establishing operations, evocative effects. I keep having time for this word today. Abolishing operations have an abate of effect. So they do get a little confusing, but I hope that clears it up for you. Thank you very much and ask more questions!


Welcome back to our lecture series linear algebra done openly. As usual, I'm your professor today, Dr. Andrew Missildine. This video is the first video for section 2.1 about vector equations, which is the first section for chapter two, the algebra and geometry of vectors. We have seen before that vectors are simply quantities, which we can add and scale by the usual rules of associativity, commutivity, and the distributive laws. We've seen a lot of examples of diverse kinds of vectors, such as arrows. How do you add two arrows together? Well, in physics, there's sense to that meaning. We've seen linear equations could be viewed as vectors, polynomials could be viewed as vectors, just to name a few examples. A particular importance is the vector space fn. This fn, we keep on seeing over and over again like say rn, cn, c2, just as some examples here. What's so special about this fn? Well, f is just some field and n is a natural number, but recall this space, this fn, I'll put it back on the screen there, this fn is the set of column vectors, or row vectors if you prefer, but it's the set of column vectors whose entries come from the field f and there are n numbers in the array. We've seen examples of linear combinations of column vectors, linear transformations involving column vectors. In fact, every solution to a linear system that we have seen in this series thus far is in fact a column vector, although again sometimes it's written as a row. So, although there are all of these different types of vectors, there's variety and diversity to what we could consider a vector, why do we place so much focus primarily on column vectors? Well, the short answer to this question is that column vectors of fn are the most important type of vector. In this chapter, we're going to explore the topics of coordinates, which will ultimately prove that every finite dimensional vector space is isomorphic fn. Whoa, there might have been a lot of words I just used right there that you're not exactly familiar with yet. That's really okay. We'll be introduced to those topics more in this chapter. Basically, what I want you to take away from this discussion so far is that every vector space is essentially just fn. Maybe it's just enough disguise for Halloween or whatever. So, we're going to start learning more about vectors and see that they all essentially are just like fn, but that's near the end of this chapter. In the current section, 2.1, I want to talk some more about linear combinations. We've seen the linear combinations are really the bread and butter of vectors. We add vectors together. We scale them.   You could combine those together by rules of the vector space, and that would then combine to be some vector, call it b, and we could then compute what b is in that situation the other direction. What if we are given the vectors a1, a2, up to an, they're just the same. And instead of being given the scalars, what if we're giving the vector b that they combined into? That is, what if we're given the following equation, like so, where the vectors a1, a2, up to an, they're given to us, they're fixed, and then the vector b is also given to us and fixed, but the scalars, x1, x2, these are variables.  Could we figure out what the scalars are that combine the vectors a to give us the vector b? That's the question we have at hand, and so this is what we, by the vector equation. How does one solve this vector equation? Now to make life a little bit easier for us, each of these AIs, so like of a1, a2, a3, we'll actually, we'll call it aj right here, j will just be sort of like this variable to keep track of where we are in the list, you know, a1, a2, aj generically. So let's just say that each vector aj can be expressed in the following way. We'll call the first entry of aj, a1j, the second entry, a2j, the next entry will be a3j, all up to amj. So our vectors aj, we're going to say that these aj vectors belong to the vector space fm, m is the number of components there. Now the reason that because I don't claim that the number of entries in the vectors is the same as the number of vectors we have, those could potentially, those could potentially be different, right? So aj has m many elements in it and likewise the vector b will be a vector in fm and we'll call its entries just bj generically speaking. So with that, with that sort of like a notation I'm introducing to express the entries of these vectors, we see the following type of situation, vector equation x1 times a1 plus x2 times a2 all the way up to xn times an is equal to b. Remember the note that the convention we use here, we're going to write vectors in bold font and then scalars won't have any bold font so it's easier to tell them apart here. Okay? So if we were to expand what a1, a2, an are just by writing the numbers inside of them, remember a1 would look like a11, a21, a31 all the way down to am1, a2 would look like a12, a22, a32 all the way up to am2 and then if we go to the end of the list this will look like a1n, a2n, a3n all the way up to amn and then if we expand the b we get a b1, b2, bm. This is just writing the vectors as the column vectors they are. But now when you look at this right here we have scalar multiplication, you have a column vector times a scalar and the idea is you distribute this scalar onto each entry in the vector giving us what we see right here. This a11, x1, a21, x1, a31, x1 all the way up to am1, x1 and if we do this for every single vector along the way we'll get each of these. I guess we don't distribute anything on b. We didn't scale b by anything. So then we get each of these vectors if we do the scalar multiplication. But now we have these end vectors that we could add together. So what does it mean to add together column vectors? Well you add together the first components you just add those together you get this thing right here and then for the next one right here you add all the second components together which gives you this entry right here and then for the third components and the fourth components all the way down to the mth component you just add these all together and you get a combination like this. Now when you have two vectors that are equal to each other the only way that two vectors are equal to each other is if component wise they agree right the first components agree the second components agree the third components agree the mth components agree that's what vector equality means. So if we equate the first two entries together we get the following linear equation. We see that a11x plus a12x2 plus a13x3 plus a14x4 all the way down to a1nxn is going to equal b1. And we do that for the second entry which gives us the second equation. We do that for the third entry the fourth entry the fifth entry all the way down to the mth entry. And so now you can see why we chose the the numbering system that we did each of the entries in the vectors corresponds to the entry in a system of equations which will then translate to an augmented matrix right for which that's how we usually denote the entries of a matrix is the one one position the one two position the one three position the one n position the one two sorry the two one position the two two position the two three the m1 the m2 the m3 the mn. So you can see we we kind of knew what was going to happen here solving that vector equation corresponds to the following linear system of equations solving the vector equation requires us we solve the linear system write the linear system as an augmented matrix and then we reduce it to echelon form using gaussian or grunjauss gauss elimination. And so summarizing what we see right here is the following the solution solution to the any so so we have this solution vector right here the solution to the vector equation is likewise the solution to linear system which comes from the corresponding system of the corresponding matrix equation there this should be an f in there but despite the slight typo the solving the vector equation is equivalent to solving a system of equations for which augmented matrices is a very powerful tool in the next video we'll do some examples of solving vector equations by recognizing the corresponding linear system and then solving said linear system