What's going on everybody? Got Kyle and Sean here with Layton Sports Cards and this is 2023 certified football four box break. This one is 26. Let me fix that. I did 26. Pick your team style. 26. I've got Allen S with the Raiders, got Allen R Vikings, Andre V with the Ravens, Andrew M has the Colts, Bradley P has the Bills and Dolphins, Brandon S with the Niners, Brandon R has the Falcons, Corey G has the Packers and Chargers, Curtis D has the Bengals and Jags, Daniel M with the Cardinals, Evan R with the Browns, Gavin O has Bears, James L with the Steelers, Joel M Seahawks, Jonathan L Panthers, Joshua W Titans, Keith B has the Lions, we've got Kevin L with the Saints, Mark R with the Patriots, Matthew W with the Chiefs, Matthew C has Cowboys, Broncos, Bucks and Commanders, Michael G with the Texans, Scott G with the Giants, Stephen W has Rams and Jets and then Stephen H has the Eagles. Roddy, thank you. Rory taking the Saints in the next one. Thank you, Brandon taking the Niners and Lou taking a mega dual case spot. Thank you guys. Good luck here guys. Case 26 or four box 26. Hey, good luck, sir. Bills and Dolphins for you. Eight, two for 16 on threes. Geez. Geez, that is a bad night. There's a Joe Burrow Franchise Foundations, Red and 99, Chase Brown Rookie, Bengals, Base Base, say Marv Levy Immortals for the Bills, to 325, Luke Musgrave Rookie Packers. That's crazy, man. U.S. Men 1, there we go. There we go. Some sort of qualification. We'll take that. George Kittle on the calling cards and RPA is Bronze Deuce Vaughn to 3.99 or 3.49 that'll go to the Cowboys. Deuce Vaughn on the Freshman Fabric RPA. Good old Marv, man. Yeah, pulled his auto a couple times. I was surprised when I saw it. It's a 50 Debo Samuel Gold Team, 9 us, just a few spots left. Guys, I appreciate you all making two spots left in the next Origins. There's Gold Team Cordero. Got a Orange to 149, Stetson Bennett Rookie for the Rams. Four still. I'm going to spend the other one then. Still four to go in the next one. Immortals. We've got a New Generation Jersey to 3.99, Jonathan Mingo. We'll get three box random team go or eight box random team going next. A couple of different mixes. There's a calling cards. Amin Ross St. Brown to 249 on the Bronze and a Bronze 275 Rookie Josh Downs. This one there, Colts. It's having a good year. Kansas didn't run as she did. She didn't make the shots. Gotta be better. Yeah, true. That's maybe she was a little distracted today. Devante Adams. There's a nice one. CJ Stroud to 349 on the Jersey. New Generation Jersey. Stroud for the Texans. Talk about killing it. Guy's been on fire. Gold Team Depot. Got a Blue Jake Hainer to 75. Rookie Saints. And guys, those last couple teams on Origins are on sale. Grab them up. Last four teams in number 24, I believe. Certified Stars Eagles. Or 25. 25, our first one. And Rookie Otto is going to be Christian Gonzalez, Rookie for the Patriots. What is number three out of 15? This one there, good Rookie D.B. A lot of penalties in this game. A lot of penalties in this game. Seen that guy way too much. Seems like every time I look up, he's calling it on. Box two. Dell that time. Push right there. Box two. Good luck here, guys. Certified Stars is Mike Evans. And Jonathan Mingo going to be our freshman fabric RPA for the Panthers. Mingo to 249. Nice one there. Beckham, sir. Is he? Yeah, he's walking. Probably broke his collar. What's going on in this game? Dan Hansen on the Immortals. Got Jalen Hertz. Tana Hill. Calling card is Nick Chubb. Got a bronze 275. Brian Burns. Go notes. Go notes. Gotta do it. Say Micah Parsons, Certified Stars. And purple is Jordan Brooks to 199. Purple, pink, pink. And it is Jay Jetta, number to 199 on the Franchise Foundations. And 2199. Isaiah Foskey rookie for the Saints. Mortals is Tim Brown. Got a Jersey to 99. That's a piece of the game. Derek Henry for the Titans on the Jersey. Underneath the Titans cut out there. Piece of the game to 99. Calling card is Amon Ra. We got a Red to 99. Micah Parsons. Base, base, base. Chrome dust is in the air, man. Gold team, Naheem Hines. Auto is LeGarret Blunt to 25 there on the Mirror Signatures. This one there, LeGarret Blunt. Boise State. Never forget that. Never forget LeGarret Blunt on Boise State. A punch, man. Certified Stars, Mark Andrews. And Kendra Miller to 249 on the New Generation Jersey Saints. Saints do definitely hit in Certified and Origins, man. A lot of Saints. Franchise Foundations. Aaron Donald to 399. Lou Nichols, rookie for the Packers. Alrighty, guys. Box three. Let's do it. This is Case 26 here. Four box Pick Your Team, 26. Ke'Wong taking a ultimate hockey spot down to six on that one. Gus Buss again. Picking right down the old stinger. Flush it all down the drain. I'm sure Kelly got it. There's an Immortals of Jim Kelly. There's a purple. That one is going to be 2199 Cape on Tibidoo. Tibidoo. Ken Walker calling cards. Got Rashi Rice, rookie to Chiefs to 399. Rookie for the Chiefs. Hey, what's up, Mitchell? Been good, man, man. Good. Can't complain. Chilling. There's a Joe Burrow on the Gold Team. And Redemption. It's going to be Jalen Carter on the Freshman Fabric Mirror Signatures. That one is going to be going to the Eagles. Big Man out of Georgia. Jalen Carter. Nice one there. Eagles. Marvin and Jim Kelly. Yeah. There's a Certified Star, Stefan Diggs. That is funny. There's Josh Allen. The Four Falls of Buffalo. That's a good 30 for 30. Yeah, that's fair. There's CJ Stroud, Certified Stars for the Texans, and Bronza 275, Vaughn Miller. They would come and pound us every year. They were really good, man. Yeah. Couldn't get it done. Couldn't get it done. Jeez. Micah Parsons calling cards. Bless America. There's Hinden Hooker to 349, New Generation Rook. Oh, your dad went to all the Super Bowls? Geez. Jeez. Sean was just saying he's been a Finns fan his whole life. That team used to beat up on his Finns. Oh, God. I hated the Bills. Gold team of Miles Garrett and Bronz is Anthony Richardson. There we go. Colts to 275. They were just so good. He became a Bucks fan. I like that strive. I like that. He became a Bucks fan. Couldn't keep doing it, man. There's probably a lot of people like that back in the day, man. Certified Stars, Bryce Young. Bijon there to 399, New Generation Jersey. There you go, Falcons. Yeah, that's crazy. Two of the four Super Bowls. It's a Stinger. Yeah. No, definitely. It's a Stinger. There's a Franchise Foundations, Bryce Young. That's one of their Panthers. To the 99, we got a Mack Jones. Still four to go, guys, in the next Origins. Four to go. We'll get that one going after a eight-box mixer coming up. To 199, Tyree Kill. Gold team, eight. And mirror signatures is Rashad Bateman to 35. Nice one there, Rashad Bateman. Just scored a touchdown earlier, actually. And last one here, box number four. Four box number 26. Good luck, good luck. Randy Miles there. Straight cash on the Immortals to 75. There's a piece of the game to 199. Travis Etienne for the Jags. Piece of the game to 199. Jersey Jags. Mahomey and Bronson to 275. Ricky Jake Hayner for the Saints. This team needs to wake up right here. The Jags. Yeah, no, they've been. To play the way they've been playing. They've been terrible, man. The defense. The defense has been really, really bad. It's like, what is going on, man? Is it too good? Yeah, definitely too good. There's a Justin Tucker Gold team. And there it is, a Certified Ballers. Aaron Rodgers on the two-color Jersey. 49 for the Jets. Jets on the Rodgers. Let's take in that picture from Hard Knocks or something. Certified Stars, Justin Fields. Got a Bronson. That one is Garrett Wilson to 275 Jets. There's T-Law. There's a Franchise Foundations, Derek Henry. And Alascha Higgins going to be Rookie Auto for the defense. Alascha Higgins to 25 on the Rookie Auto. Probably, man. Probably. I don't know what he's been doing, but he is healing fast. Whatever he's doing, he's healing fast. If that's what he's doing, man. A Dick Buckus, Scott Orange to 149, Britain's Strange Rookie for the Jags. Now, Pierce. Yeah, I did see that. I did see that. Colin Cards. There's a 325 Cameron Lattu. Yes, we are live. I don't know if you're live with us, but to 199, Tony Pollard calling cards. And to 299, that's going to be our 399, Freshman Fabric is Jaden Reed on the RPA Packers. Nice one there, live and in studio. This game got out of hand. Garrett Wilson, Gold Team. And base. There's a Certified Stars, DK. And 2199, that's going to be a Tremaine Edmonds for the Bears. Bears on this one. Goes to the team on the back, Tremaine Edmonds. Alrighty, friends. And that'll do it for Certified. That was four box number 26. PYT. Do a quick recap and then we're on to the eight box mixer. 249 had Certified Ballers, Aaron Rodgers for the Jets. Pieces of the game, the 199 ETN. Had Bijana, 299, 349, Hinden Hooker, new generation. Kendra Miller, 249 to 99 was Derek Henry. Had CJ Straub, 349 and Jonathan Mingo, 399. New Generations. Got a RPA to 399, Freshman Fabric, Jaden Reed. Got a Otto Elijah Higgins, the 25 for the Finns. Had Mirror Signatures, the 35 Bateman. To 25 was Ligaret Blutt, Mirror Signatures. RPA was Freshman Fabric, Jonathan Mingo, 349. Had Christian Gonzalez, to 15. Deuce Vonda, 349. And RPA was Jalen Carter for the Eagles. On the back. Alrighty there, guys. That'll do it for Certified. I mean, just a minute.


Lawyers, leaders of civil society organizations, and professionals across all sectors of the economy have called on Kogi State indigents at home and in a diaspora to help security agencies make the state uninhabitable for criminals masquerading as politicians in the state, especially as the November 11th governorship election draws closer. They called on the people of Kogi State to resist those they described as criminal political merchants trying to blackmail security agencies in the interest of their unpopular ambitions. Representatives of more than 50 CSOs and scores of lawyers under the brand brought platform of lawyers and activists for good governance made this position known at a press conference in Abuja on Wednesday. A lawyer from Igala Mela, LGA Kogi State and Cocavina, lawyers and activists for good governance who address the press on behalf of others, one that some mischievous political figures in the state were working towards bringing back the dark days of instability by supporting criminal elements to cause chaos. Sponsors of this harmony, specializing in playing one ethnic group in Kogi State against the others in their wicked and evil agenda to make sure that crisis erupts in the states which they reckon could work in their favor to clinch political offices, especially as the state's governorship election is approaching. They have been engaging in criminal propaganda on social media and regular media to create mass disaffection against the incumbent government in the state. An average co-guide who understand the state's terrain very well would testify that Kogi State in the last seven years plus has witnessed the uprooting of violent criminals like kidnappers, terrorists, armed robbers and others from the state since the inception of the current administration in the state. But there are mischievous political figures in the state who wish to bring back these dark days of instability by supporting criminal elements to cause chaos in the states and thereafter quickly rush to the public to paint accusing fingers at security agencies or the state government. This is a failed bid to cover their poorly disguised criminal tracks, especially when security agencies go after their criminal prestige. These are the same political goons who move around the states to erect structures of ethnic acrimony and suspicion for political advantage. They don't mean well for the states and co-guides are enjoying to resist anyone or group desperately trying to find the embers of this unity and mutual acrimony in the states. They are atrocious characters with wicked and evil agenda to benefit from the crisis they are provoking. Notified about fresh news updates


Surprise, guys! It is me, Jeru, and I am back with brown hair.  I just couldn't anymore, you guys. It was just so damaged. It was like crisping off. It always just looks damaged. This is my new look, which is typically my old look, but I'm really excited about it. And today's video is so fun, you guys, because it's going to be my apartment tour. And I have not shared with you guys a full apartment tour since I moved into my apartment about six months ago. So this is going to be a full, in-depth apartment tour of my room, my roommate's room, the living room, the dining room, the kitchen, everything. So you're going to see my full-on apartment tour. If you are curious, I do live in the LA area, just in case you are, so you guys can kind of see what a typical two-bedroom apartment in the LA area tends to look like. We did scout this one out, and it was a really great find. It's in a perfect area, like the best area ever. And I'm also so excited because today's video is sponsored by Squarespace, and I want to thank them so much for sponsoring today's video. So I will get to that in just a little bit, but let's go check out my apartment first, and I'm going to share with you guys everything. And then also I did want to mention that anything shared in the apartment, I'm going to try to link everything below in case you are curious in anything that I do own. It's linked in the description box below. And yeah, just jump into it. So when you walk in, this is actually the view that you get, and I absolutely love it. I think it just reminds me of home, of course, because it freaking is my home. Every time I walk in. But guys to the right here, don't even look at this. This is my Christmas tree and box of ornaments and stuff. I have to bring it back to my parents' house because there's no storage here. So it's just sitting here for the time being, but typically this would not be here. And then to the right here, this apartment has so many built-ins, which is so nice. So like right over here, all we have is just like cleaning supplies. So there's just all the sort of cleaning supplies, paper towels, napkins, all that sort of fun stuff. And then just random things down in that area as well. And then to the opposite side of the door, there is a hall closet, which me and my roommate actually keep a lot of our Poshmark items in because she works for someone that sells Poshmark pieces. So she has like her Poshmarks up in there. And we have extra decorative accessories up here that I use for my decorations. And then right here, another area that's kind of an eyesore because my roommate just kind of read a little bit of her room. And these items are all being sold to the same person tonight. So they're coming to pick it up, but I didn't want to move it. So this typically wouldn't be here as well. And right here is the table. My table is from World Market. And the chairs are actually from a friend that she gave them to me. She was moving out of the building. And she was like, Do you want these chairs? And I was like, Yeah, for sure. So like metal, I think she said she got them on overstock, but I'm sure I can find a very similar one for you guys. I tend to work on the table because I just like the way that working on a table feels as composed to like a couch or something. And the living room looks like this. I think it's so pretty and very minimal. And it's just like very fresh, but like warm and cozy at the same time. There is this tiny little bar area here, which is so cute. And we have like some candy jars and then just like some actual alcohol that we literally don't drink because we never drink really. But it is there in case people come over and want some and there's like a mirror there, which is also nice when you just want to check yourself before heading out the door and a couple of again built-in cabinets underneath. And then to the left is the couch and this couch is from overstock. Again, I'll try to link it below. And my art prints here are from Society 6. And then the little swinging arm lamp there is from CB2. And then a lot of the cushions on this couch, this one's from West Elm, the colorful ones, Urban Outfitters. Those are, this is Target home goods, so just random places. And there's this little basket of blankets, which typically this looks a lot nicer. But I was just using the blankets and they kind of go in this basket area. But I've had this basket system for literally like five or 60 years since I was in high school and it's from Urban Outfitters. And the tree back here is from World Market. It's just a faux tree. And I think it's really nice. I love that. And then my molecule back there which just freshens all the air. And then right here is the Papa Sun chair, which is again from World Market. I get so many questions on this chair. It's from World Market. I think you actually have to buy this in store. But if not, then I will link it of course for you guys. And then the rug here is the Kolka rug from West Elm. And I know that they still have this item. I used to work at West Elm so I do have quite a few pieces from them. I love it because it has little bits of copper. And you guys have had this rug for probably three years and it still looks amazing. Like it's not even dirty at all. And we do walk on it in shoes and stuff. It's just very geometric and nice. And then the coffee table is from World Market. And then right over here, we do have a fireplace in our apartment, which is really nice. You just like flip this switch right here. And it turns on the fireplace and actually produces heat, which is nice because it's winter time in LA right now. It's been getting pretty cold. Then up here is just a couple of decorative accessories. The print is again from Society Six. This little leather poof is from CB2. This mirror is from Ikea. And then under the TV media console area, this is from World Market. And then just some random little things up here. Just like decorative accessories, which I won't get too much into. But they are very nice. And it just kind of spices up the area a little bit. And then instead of hanging the frames, we actually just set them there kind of to create like this cascading effect. I think it looks really nice when you're sitting on the couch. And this is like what you see. I actually put two consoles together. So this is one unit here. And this is another unit here. But I wanted to fill the space. And then moving over to this side, this is the kitchen. So the kitchen is just very, very simple. It's very black and white and metal. So yeah, just your basic kitchen. It has like stainless steel appliances, the refrigerator oven, microwave, and then tons of cabinet space. There really is a lot of space to store things in and all the way under here too. So there's just a lot of space in here, which is quite nice. They really went all out with the little built-ins for sure. Because as you could see going around the corner from the kitchen, there is another built-in, which I actually let my roommate kind of store all of her things in this, because I do have a whole one of these in my room as well. So this one kind of acts as hers. A room is to the left here, which I'll show you in a second. But straight ahead is my roommate's bathroom. And I'll give you like the super quickest overview of her bathroom. I'm not going to go into her stuff that much, but she'd give me permission to share it with you guys because a lot of you actually know her, so I just thought I would show it. And then her actual bedroom is literally the cutest ever. Look at this guys.  Like we did the entire room in the video. So if you want to watch how we did that, definitely go ahead and I'll put it on the screen up here in the description box below. But there have been some changes. It's because we made that video probably like five months ago. So she got new nightstands, which are so good. They're like these little mirrored nightstands. And then of course she just has her own stuff. Her lamp, her like personal items, bedding. And I know her bedding is from Target. The nightstand is from Urban Outfitters I think. I believe. I'll try to find the similar one if you are curious. And then just a couple little shelves. And then this bench here is from CB2. It's actually from my old bedroom, but I put it in here because I thought that just looked nice under the window. And then she has this little bookcase here, which has just some random figurines on it. Right over here she just got this new dresser, this IKEA dresser, because she needed some more storage. And on top of it is this vintage mirror that my grandpa actually got me. So it's like kind of an heirloom. It's actually been in my family for a long time, but I thought it looked so pretty in here. And that's really her room. I love her room because it's full of mirrors. So there's just tons of reflecting light in here. So there's lots that you can see I guess. I don't really know what else to say. I like that she doesn't keep a lot of clutter because just wait you're going to see my room in 10 seconds and then you're going to be like, um, you should probably live more like Marie. So now we are walking into my room, which looks kind of like this when you walk in. I actually have a pretty like large room. My bed is a full to give you guys like an idea because I want it as much space as possible. So I do have a full-size bed and then this is sort of like a quick little mini overview of the room. But we're just going to start off over on this left side here and right over in this area. This is where I have like a lot of my random junk, which I know is probably not the best to have right by the door, but it's really the only space I have for it. And by random junk, I mean a basket here. This is from CB2 and then I just have decorative pillows in there and my curtains that actually like I need someone to help me hang them because the drywall is just really weird and I ripped it out of the wall basically. We love that. A little ostrich. My mom gets me these literally every single year. So I have multiple ostriches around my room and this is like just some random camera equipment here that I use for filming. And then I just have my diploma up there, which is just nice and lovely. And then right up here I actually have a DIY project that I created on my channel. Moving over here is just my little desk space. And if you're curious, my desk and the desk chair are both from World Market. I absolutely love them. And then my computer is just a iMac. And then I have a salt lamp, which I absolutely love salt lamps. I think everyone should have one in their house. They really create a nice ambiance and mood. And so I just always had my salt lamp on in my room. And then up here I have two prints from Society 6 that are framed. This one's really cool when you get to probably seen on my channel prior. And then I have this DIY, which I recently created. It's that little light bulb DIY, which is so cool. I absolutely love that. So I'm leaving that there. I just like the visual interest. And then some random other things over on the desk there. I have my nightstand, which is just a metal IKEA nightstand. And I like the shape. I think it adds like a really cool geometric vibe. And then over here on top of it, I just have some random stuff. A print my friend Hannah made me. An IKEA plant. Little DIY box. This is a case from a bracelet that I bought. A cologne here. My little diffuser. And then I have some CPD oil because I have a lot of anxiety, which I don't really talk about that much. But I do. And so I find that that helps me on occasion. So I like to use that. And then right over here, I do have my clothing rack. And this clothing rack serves as a new end clothing rack. So anything on a black hanger is like brand new and things that I want to style more of. And then anything on the white hanger is things that I'm putting in a video. So filming a video either later today or tomorrow using these white hanger pieces. I'm just storing those pieces there while I come up with the concept for the video. And then I have a lot of my bags on the end there. And then some new shoes down here that go all the way across. And my bed here is from Urban Outfitters. Well I guess the bed frame is. And the bed frame looks like this. It's like a wooden box bed frame. But you can't really see it because of course I have all my bedding on top of it. But I really like it. It's just a platform. So it just kind of elevates the bed. My bedding here is all from Parachute. It was quite an investment. But I absolutely love it. I love linen bedding. And I do have linen bedding. Both my sheets and like the piece down here. And my pillows as well. And I do have like a jersey pillow that I tend to sleep on back there. And then a couple of decorative ones. I believe those are all. Yeah all of those are from Target. So just a couple decorative pillows.  Which is why I want to hang up curtains. But I ripped them out of the wall as you might be able to tell. So I'm not the best at hanging curtains. So I need to figure that out. This is my floor length mirror. I know I look so incredible right now. This is my outfit of the day. A little carrot sweat pant. And a shirt. But this is my floor length mirror that I will take occasionally some of my outfit photos on for my Instagram. If I want to I just love the background. I think there's a lot going on. And then the wall. Which I get the most questions on ever. I'm going to link the video where I created this. I have an entire video on how I created this collage wall. And it's using a Teza collage kit. So I will link the collage kit that I used in the description box below if you are curious. But I used a collage kit to create this wall. And I just think it's so visually appealing. And like very very fun. And just vibey. And I get a lot of inspiration from it. And then over here which I'll go into in a second after I finish this area. It's kind of like my bathroom closet area. And then moving over here. This is where I store all my DIY supplies. And I actually did a video on this channel of all these DIY supply storage. So I will link that video below if you are curious. But the coolest new addition is this cloud nola clock. And I am freaking obsessed with this. It actually flips. So they flip. And it says it's 1159. I think it's so cool. I think it's the funnest clock ever.  I'm a helmet. And then like this little piece right here. And then moving down. We have this area. Which again has random stuff. This box crate here is from the Lobo. And it's just full of my fashion week invites and like memorabilia. I just went to the Lady Gaga enigma show. So I just have like lots of things I want to keep in here. And then a little one question a day journal. Which I need to get back into really badly. And then one of my favorite candles here. And more filming equipment. This is where I keep all the rest of my filming equipment. Like my main camera. My zoom mic. My vlogging camera. My additional lenses. And then down here. It's just sort of like a styling space. So I have all my sunglasses over in this container here. And then all right here I have like a lot of stuff on the tray. And then I have this jewelry stand which was DIYed on my channel a while back. And I'm not going to go into the drawers because they're just like random clothing bits and like larger DIY supplies. So it's like kind of uninteresting. But moving into this area. This is my bathroom area. So this area is kind of unfinished. Like I did half of the wall with wallpaper. And like did it up there as well. And then ran out. And then it was out of stock. So it's just been up here. But I honestly don't mind it. Like it's not the worst. It kind of reflects a lot more and gives you like that full wallpaper vibe. Because there's this huge mirror here. And just a lot of random you know bathroom things here. And then I do have just like the undercounter things. And I'm changing the knobs. Which is why they look like that. Moving into the closet. This is my closet space. I absolutely love my closet. It looks like this. I'm not going to go into too much detail. Because I do have an entire closet tour on my main channel if you're curious. But I have a lot of shoes down here. And then I have all my clothes up here. And then my dirty laundry over here of course. And then I do have additional clothing in here. Which this houses like all of my pants. So all my pants are in this upper drawer section here. And I just love how this apartment has so much built-in storage. I think it's really nice.  Which the little bathroom areas to my right here is the actual bathroom. And it's super simple. Not going to go into much detail in here.  This towels from opal house. And then of course the toilet area. And I think this is so funny. If you guys remember that DIY I did the advent calendar DIY. I actually pulled off so much toilet paper. So I've been using my toilet paper like this for the past like month. So I have so much toilet paper just wound up. Because I needed toilet paper rolls for the DIY. And a couple more DIY projects from my channel. I think it's so pretty. And very serene in here. I love the way that it looks. And when the light comes through this window. And it's like super bright in this area. It looks so pretty. And there's these little glass here. And that kind of finishes off my actual bedroom area. So that was my apartment. And I hope that you enjoyed. I hope you liked all the rooms I shared with you. And I hope you guys liked the styling. There still is little tweaks I do want to make here and there. Even though I did move in quite a while ago. I do actually want to like change out a couple of furniture pieces. And of course my channel is a home decor and DIY channel. So I will be doing so over the next couple of years on this channel. So like I said at the beginning this video is in partnership with Squarespace. And I am just so excited. Because I absolutely love and stand for everything Squarespace does. If you do not know what it is. It is a platform that allows you to create a beautiful and very functional website or blog or online shop or whatever it might be. But the thing that I absolutely love about Squarespace is that it is so easy to use. And on top of that they really keep the design aesthetic in mind. Which I think is very important. Especially for a lot of creative people like myself and maybe you. If you're a musician. If you're an artist. If you're starting your own business. If you're a photographer. A videographer. You can create your own website using the Squarespace platform. And it's so easy. It's so simple. And the last thing I want to mention is that they offer 24-7 customer support. Which never leaves you hanging. If you have any questions they're always going to be there for you. Which I think is amazing. Because I know websites can be tricky every now and then. But Squarespace makes it super super easy to create your very own website. And if you would like to sign up for Squarespace. You can do so using my code. Put it on the screen for you guys. And then the description box blows so you can take a look.  So if you want to create your own website. Or whatever it is you want to do. Definitely check out Squarespace for all of those needs. And that is all for today's video. I hope that you guys really really enjoyed my apartment tour. And definitely give it a thumbs up if you did. I want to do another room transformation very soon. I have not done a room transformation in so long. And I just been urging to like redo a whole room. So maybe something will be changed very soon. And I can upgrade you guys. But at the moment I'm very pleased with everything. So definitely give it a thumbs up. Leave a comment below. And subscribe to my channel for brand new home decor and DIY videos every single week. And I will catch you next one. Bye guys.


A very good evening aspirants, welcome to the Hindu newspaper analysis brought to you by Shankarai's academy. Today's date is 8th of October 2022 and the articles displayed here are the list of news articles that we are going to discuss today. So without much delay let's get into the first news article discussion. Now take a look at this news article. See this news article deals with World Bank's projections about Indian economy. The article reports that the World Bank has lowered the growth rate projection of Indian economy due to larger global downturn. Here note that initially World Bank had projected a growth rate of 8% for Indian economy which was lowered in June to 7.5% and now it is further lowered to 6.5%. That is why it has made news. So in this context let us learn about World Bank in preroll's perspective. Now let's see about the term World Bank. See World Bank is an international organization that offers financial assistance to developing nations to fight poverty. So the mission of the World Bank is to increase the income of the poorest 40% of people present in every country. Now moving on to the history of World Bank. See the World Bank was founded in the year 1944 as part of the Britain Woods Agreement during the last stages of the Second World War. Here note that as part of this agreement both International Monetary Fund that is IMF and the Bank for International Reconstruction and Development that is IBRD both were established. Now this IBRD was soon called as the World Bank. Today it has expanded to a closely associated group of five developed institutions. Let us see about them one by one. As you can see in this image the first one is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development that is IBRD. The second one is International Development Agency that is IDA. See these two institutions focuses mainly on working with the developing states governments. Third institution of World Bank is International Finance Corporation that is IFC. See IFC is the largest global development institution which primarily focused on the private sector. It finances investments to the private sector in the developing countries. Ok. So here IBRD and IDA they focus on working with the developing states governments and this institution IFC they finance investments to the private sector in the developing countries. Now coming to the fourth and fifth institutions they are Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency that is MIGA and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes which is ICSID. Now remember the last three institutions of the World Bank mentioned here works with the mandate of strengthening the private sector in the developing countries. So this is about the five institutions of World Bank. Now in the prelims perspective what you have to notice about the membership status of India in all these five institutions. See India is not a member of International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes that is ICSID but it holds membership in all the other four World Bank institutions. So with this understanding let us see some of the reports released by World Bank. See ease of doing business and world development report where the major reports published by World Bank. Here note that ease of doing business report was recently discontinued by the World Bank alleging malpractices in the ranking. Ok. So with this we came to the end of this discussion. See in this discussion we saw about World Bank, we saw about its objective, we saw about five institutions associated with it. We saw that IBRD and IDA they focuses on working with developing states governments and then we saw that IFC, MIGA, ICSID all the three they work with a mandate of strengthening the private sector in the developing countries. Then we saw about the membership status of India in all these institutions. We saw that India is not a member of International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes that is ICSID. Then we saw about some of the reports released by World Bank. So these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now have a look at this news article. See this news article talks about the Konda ready tribes. See the people of this tribe they believe that bamboo shoots are highly nutritious. So what they do is they hand a garland of bamboo shoots to the roofs of their dwellings and they dry them for a week and after a week or whenever the shoots are fully dried the families store them for conception till the next monsoon. So here it is clear that the dried bamboo shoots are a part of their diet during the monsoon. Now if you are asking me how it is included in their diet see the dried bamboo shoots are either boiled and used in the preparation of a variety of dishes such as mixed vegetable curry and dal or the dried shoots is stored in powder form. Okay now here comes another question why bamboo shoots are given much importance. See it is because it improves their immunity against viral fevers and in the view of bamboo shoots nutritious value even the non-tripes have started consuming them. So that is why bamboo shoots are made as an integral part of their food chart for generations. Remember they collect the shoots both for own conception and for sale. I hope you know that bamboo shoots are classified as minor forest produce and the tribal people they have the right to exploit its commercial value for their livelihood. Remember that also must be sustainable in nature. So this is the entire crux of the news article given here. So in this context let us understand some of the important facts about the kondaredi tribes. See kondaredi tribes is one of the ancient tribes in India and they are one of the most backward tribal groups in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. So where do they live? See they are living on the hilly terrains of bison hills which spread in east and west godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh that is they live along the banks of river godavari and the kondaredis they normally speak in Telangu with outsiders. So what is their occupation? See this tribe resides near hill and rivers settlements so their main occupation is agriculture. In kondaredi group all the participants were found to be farmers and their main occupation was cultivation of tobacco and other grains. They cultivate the crops in a distinct way called podu. Here podu is another name for splash and burn agriculture. I hope you all know about slash and burn agriculture.  So whenever the soil fertility decreases the farmer ships and clears a fresh patch of land for cultivation. See this type of shifting allows nature to replenish the fertility of the soil through natural processes and the land productivity in this type of agriculture is low as the farmer does not use fertilizers or other modern imports. As you know it is known by different names in different parts of the country and the people of this kondaredi tribes they call it as podu. And remember at present the population is only in hundreds and livelihood is dependent on the forest products like honey gathering the medicinal plants leaves roots and so on. Now what about their festival and worship? See they follow a very ancient pattern of life. So the tribal people worship gods of nature and every family has their family god or goddesses. The household put up a long pole in front of the house and tie some neem branches to it and worship us. Then they celebrate the festivals during the change of the seasons especially mamidi panduga is one of the most important festivals. This mamidi panduga is the festival of mangoes and some of other important festivals are gongura panduga and pachcha panduga. So during these festival celebrations all gather together and share their happy moments with each other. Remember this gongura panduga is a harvest festival which falls in september and during this festival kondaredis they offer vegetables to their deities and note that these kondaredi tribes have also been recognized as primitive tribal group that is now they are called as particularly vulnerable tribal groups that is why learning about kondaredis are very very important and these kondaredis are known for their eco-friendly practices like use of household articles made of bamboo, bottle god and seeds. So that's all about this news article discussion. In this news article discussion we saw in detail about this article which talks about the nutritious diet of kondaredi tribes along with that we also saw some of the important details about kondaredi tribes. So with these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now take a look at this news article. See this news article talks about a big cat that was released into an undisclosed destination in the Periyat Tihar reserve. See this big cat forayed into the Nayama card and east Kadalur areas of Munar and it has killed 10 head of cattle. So that is why it is a news. So in this context let us learn some of the facts about Periyat Tihar reserve in Prilam's perspective. See Periyat Tihar reserve or Periyat Sanctuary is the oldest wildlife sanctuary in Kerala. It is also credited with having the largest protected area. Remember this Periyat Tihar reserve gets its name from the river Periyar. This river has its origin deep inside the reserve. So now talking about its location, see it falls in the district of Idiqui and Patanam Thitta in Kerala and it is saddled in the southern region of western Ghats. Remember it was declared as Sanctuary during 1950 and it was declared as Tihar reserve during 1978. Now some of the major rivers that flow through this reserve are Mullaayar and Periyar. So with this basic understanding now let us see some of the important facts about the flora in the region. See the sanctuary comprises tropical evergreen, semi-evergreen, moist, deserious forest and grasslands and about 1066 species of flowering plants grow in the sanctuary. Of this about 516 are endemic to the western Ghats. See the sanctuary is also a repository of medicinal plants of about 300. Some of them which are endemic to the region includes Susaigam, Periyarenesis which is a tree, Habinaria, Perianesis which is an orchid and Mukuna, Prurians, Tecadianses which is a climber. So this is about the flora part. Now talking about the fauna. See the reserve supports mammals like Tihar, Elephant, Lion-tailed, Makakue, Nilgreet, Thar etc. And it supports birds like Dutters, Cormorants, Kingfishers and the Great Malaba, Hornbill and Racket-tailed Drongoes. See knowing about the names of the birds will help you in problems because nowadays UPSC is giving a particular name and asking what this name refers to. So that is why I am spelling out the name of the bird which is found in the region. Remember it also supports reptiles like monitor lizards, pythons, king cobra etc. So having done with the flora and fauna part, now let us see the tribals residing inside the reserve. See there are six tribal communities nestled inside the reserve. They include Manas, Pallians, Malayarayans, Mala, Pandarams, Uralis and Ulladans. So these are all very important facts that you have to make note of with respect to Periyava Tihar reserve. So in this news article discussion we saw about the location of the Tihar reserve. We saw when it was declared as a sanctuary and when it was declared as a Tihar reserve. Then we saw some of the facts about the flora and we saw about the fauna in the region. Then finally we saw about the tribal residing in the reserve. So these learnt points and now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now take a look at this main page article. It talks about the ban of gambling and games of chance by the Tamil Nadu government. It also reports that the decision was taken based on a special committee recommendation by Justice K. Chandru. Through this discussion we will be seeing about the difference between game of skill and game of chance and we will also see about judiciary's take on this particular issue. So to begin with firstly let us understand the difference between the game of skill and game of chance. Now talking about game of skill see these are games which involves the participants primarily betting on their skill levels to emerge victorious. This can be best explained by taking the example of the game Dream Levin. See many of you might have played this game or at least heard about it. In this particular type of game a participant uses his knowledge of the game to select players who are capable of performing well on the given day. So here you can clearly see that this process involves the skill set of the person predicting the performance of the player. This can be done only after analyzing their previous performances. So it needs specific skill sets which have to be honed to continuously win. So this is an example of game of skill. Now coming to the game of chance see this particular type of game primarily involves an element of luck. Take for example lottery. See participants in this game only need to buy the tickets. This does not need any special skilling right. Any person can do that and here the winners are also chosen randomly. So this is an example of game of chance. I hope you can understand the difference between game of skill and game of chance. So here we can come to a conclusion that luck is the major fact which distinguishes game of skill and that of chance. So now coming to the article here note that through an ordinance Tamil Nadu government has banned the game of chance and gambling. And through the same ordinance the government is trying to regulate games of skill. See previously also the Tamil Nadu government banned gambling in the year 2021. It was a blanket ban which banned all type of games including game of skills. But this ban was revoked by an order of Madras High Court and the order held that a blanket ban on games of skill was against the spirit of article 19 1 G which allows citizens to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation trade or business. See this ruling followed the verdicts of the Karnataka and Kerala High Courts. Note that all the three high courts they have upheld supreme court doctrine that says games of skill and games of chance are two distinct legal concepts of constitutional significance. And it also says that the game of skills are legitimate business activities protected by the fundamental rights under article 19 1 G. Okay so now you can understand what the ordinance of Tamil Nadu government is trying to do. The ordinance of Tamil Nadu government has just banned the game of chance and gambling. And it is trying to regulate games of skill. It is because a ban on game of skill is against the spirit of article 19 1 G which allows citizens to practice any profession or to carry out any occupation. Okay now let us see the reasons behind the ban of these games by the Tamil Nadu government. See many social activists, government officials and those in law enforcement believe that online games like rummy and poker are addictive in nature. And when such games are played with monetary stakes they are leading to depression mounting depths and suicides. Reportedly there have been many instances where youngsters faced with mounting depths due to losses in online games and they have committed other crimes like theft and murder. Also these online games are susceptible to manipulation by the website operating such games. See here there are possibilities that users are not playing such games against other players right. There might be an automatic machine or boats which is playing against them. We really don't know about that because we are playing on the online. So here there is no fair opportunity for an ordinary user to win the game which is very tricky. Okay so these are all some of the reasons to ban the gaming. Now let us see the downside or the disadvantages of the ban. See in a country like India enforcement of ban without a proper regulatory system is an issue right. So here just enforcing the ban is alone not enough. Government have to strive for stronger regulatory systems and that will yield the positive result. Other than this the shifting of users to gray or illegal offshore based online gaming apps will happen. See this results in loss of tax revenue for the state and job opportunities for locals and apart from this users will be unable to avail remedies for any unfair behavior or refusal to withdraw winnings by the illegal gambling businesses. So these are all some of the problems which needs to be addressed by the government while implementing this ban. Now talking about the ordinance. See for the purpose of regulation of online games the ordinance has proposed the creation of the online gaming authority. This authority will be headed by a retired officer who was of the rank of chief secretary. Okay the body will have four members including a retired police officer who held a post not below that of inspector general then it will have experts in information technology and online gaming and then eminent psychologist. So we have to wait and watch about what this authority is going to reform. So that's all about this news article. See in this news article discussion we saw in detail about what is game of skill and what is game of chance. Then we saw about the judiciary stake on this particular issue then we saw about some of the reasons behind the ban of these games. We also discussed about the negative side of banning the games and finally we ended our discussion by seeing about the online gaming authority which is an welcome move. So with these learned points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now have a look at this news article. See this news article talks about e-rupee. Now e-rupee is in news because the RBI said it will soon commence the pilot introduction of e-rupee and this e-rupee will be used for specific use cases. RBI believes that this e-rupee will bolster India's digital economy it will make payment system more efficient and it will help in checking money laundering. Okay so this is the crux of the news article given here. In this context let us understand about this e-rupee its purpose its advantages and disadvantages. See make note of this very important since we are transferring into and digital economy knowing about this is very very important that is why we have chosen this news article. First of all let us see what is this e-rupee. See e-rupee is similar to sovereign paper currency but it takes a different form that's it okay. Remember it is exchangeable at par with the existing currency. It will be accepted as a medium of payment legal tender and a safe store of value and note that this e-rupee is relevant to the RBI's concept note on central bank digital currency or CBDC. So now what is this CBDC? See CBDC or central bank digital currency is a legal tender and the issuer here is the Reserve Bank of India. See as I already said RBI CBDC is an electronic record or digital token of India so it will serve as an official currency which fulfills the basic functions as a medium of exchange unit of account store of value and standard of deferred payment okay. Now according to RBI CBDC is same as currency issued by a central bank but it takes a different form rather than a paper. So to conclude it is a sovereign currency in an electronic form and the most important point that you have to note here is see usually currency in circulation will appear as liability on central bank's balance sheet. Likewise this CBDC will also appear as a liability on central bank's balance sheet and according to the RBI e-rupee can be structured as token based or account based. So what does that mean? See a token based CBDC is a barrier instrument like bank notes that is whoever holds the tokens at a given point in time would be presumed to own them and this can be used for general purposes or retail. See an account based system would require maintenance of record of balances and transactions of all holders of the CBDC and it should indicate the ownership of the monetary balances. So here this type of system is used for wholesale purposes. So to sum up in a token based CBDC the person receiving a token will verify that his ownership of the token is genuine whereas in an account based CBDC an intermediary verifies the identity of an account holder. So now let us see how the features of CBDC is advantageous. See CBDC will be made exchangeable at par with cash. So it helps in reducing the cost of cash. Secondly CBDC will help improve the speed of transactions. This is because it will significantly bring down time taken for cross-border transactions and make transaction real-time. So we can say CBDC will have cost and distributional efficiency. Thirdly CBDC will eliminate the need for interbank settlement. So it helps in improving the cross-border transactions. So introducing CBDC will help in bringing settlement efficiency and finally CBDCs will provide users with a sovereign option. So it is safe when compared to other less safe digital instruments. One important point to be noted is the blockchain technology that is to be used in RBI plant CBDC. See blockchain technology is present everywhere with potential far beyond just digital currency. Also it helps in removing the need for intermediaries in various processes. So it creates a transparent fast and efficient system. Since CBDC uses this blockchain technology we can expect CBDC with its high liquidity scalability acceptance ease of transaction with anonymity to help faster settlement and transactions. So now coming to the disadvantages. See it may be at the risk of having some cyber attacks. Then it may cause duplication where the same rupee transferred to multiple people. This is because of the offline transaction. So for this the RBI must apply some limits or use some other technologies to address this duplication issue. Despite all these disadvantages this rupee which is issued by RBI and distributed by commercial banks will further bolster digital economy of India. So that's all about this news article discussion. In this news article discussion we saw in detail about what is this e rupee. Then we saw what is this CBDC or central bank digital currency. Then we saw how it works and we ended our discussion by seeing some of its advantages and disadvantages. So these learnt points now let us move on to the next part of the news article discussion which is the preliminary practice question discussion. Now look at this first question with reference to World Bank consider the following statements. Statement one it was established along with IMF according to the Britain Woods Agreement in 1944. Statement two World Trade Organization is a part of World Bank Group which of the statements given above is a raw correct. Option A one only option B two only option C both one and two and option D neither one nor two. See the correct answer for the question is option A one only statement one is correct because World Bank was established along with IMF in accordance to the Britain Woods Agreement in 1944. So this statement is correct now statement two is incorrect because World Trade Organization is not a part of the World Bank. It is a separate international organization which looks after the global system of trade rules and helps developing country build their trade capacity. Also know this fact headquarters of World Bank is located in Washington DC while the headquarters of United Nations is located in New York. So the correct answer for the question is option A one only. Now look at the second question this second question is about E rupee consider the following statements regarding E rupee. Statement one it is launched by National Payments Corporation of India NPCI. Statement two it comes under the RBA's concept note on Central Bank Digital Currency or CBDC. So you have to choose the correct answer. See the correct answer for the question is option B two only first statement is incorrect because E rupee is to be launched by RBA on pilot basis. But you have to know about another E rupee which is launched by National Payments Corporation of India that is NPCI. See both are different don't confuse it with each other. See it was established with collaboration with the Department of Financial Services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and National Health Authority. Okay. So what is this E rupee it is basically a digital voucher in which a beneficiary gets on his phone in the form of SMS or QR code. See it is a prepaid voucher in which he or she can go and read him at any centre that accepts it. Okay. So here NPCI has partnered with 11 banks for E rupee transactions and the acquiring apps or Barrett Pay, BIM, Baroda Merchant Pay, Pine Labs, PNB Merchant Pay and Yono SPI Merchant Pay. Okay. More banks and acquiring apps are expected to join the E rupee initiative soon. Now second statement is actually correct. Yes this E rupee comes under the RBA's concept note on central bank digital currency or CBDC. But this E rupee which is even purpose specific digital voucher is a person specific. Okay. So it does not come under CBDC concept. Have this clarity and to know more about this E rupee do watch the Hindu newspaper analysis dated on August 8, 2021. Okay. Now moving on the question displayed here is the quiz question for you today. Just go through the question, try to answer the question and post the correct answer in the comment section. So the question displayed here is the main question for you today. Just go through the question, write an answer and post it in the comment section. So with this we came to the end of the news article discussion. If you like the video, hit like, do comment and don't forget to subscribe to Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel. Thank you for listening.


Stop, why?


All right. Hello, everyone. We're very excited to be here. Lucas has been in previous cube cons, but for me it's first cube con and also first time on official travel for two years and a half. So we're very happy to talk a little bit about the journey that we've been going on in the last years to integrate Kubernetes into the Atlas distributed computing and help with the search for new phenomena in particle physics. I am Fernando Barredo. I'm actually from Spain, studied information technology and telecommunications in Madrid. And after university I moved to Geneva and have been most of my professional career working in the Atlas experiment covering different roles. And lately I'm running projects to integrate Kubernetes and public and private cloud resources. And that's where I know Lucas from. Okay. Hi, everybody. I hope you're enjoying cube con. My name is Lucas Heinrich. I'm a professor for data science and physics at the Technical University of Munich. And I'm also like Fernando working on the Atlas experiment at CERN. And my research focus is kind of twofold. I can develop machine learning techniques and statistical data analysis techniques to actually apply to the data. But I also am very interested and exciting about using cloud computing technologies to build up the actual infrastructure that enables thousands of physicists to work with the data that we're collecting at these big scientific experiments that we have at CERN. Okay. So by way of introduction, what is CERN? So you might have heard about CERN already in the keynote today. So CERN is one of the major particle physics laboratories in the world. And so I, as a particle physicist, view it as a particle physics lab. But the way that CERN probably impacted your lives the most is by being the birthplace of the worldwide web. So here on the right hand side, you can see Tim Berners-Lee who was working at CERN when he was drafting the first proposal for the worldwide web. And as you know, you know, the rest is history. And now we're all using the web every day. Okay. So, but in some sense for us as physicists, the invention of the worldwide web, which was originally conceived as a way to more efficiently exchange information between scientists was just a byproduct of our scientific activity. And so here you can see CERN. So it's in a nice Swiss countryside. And we have many projects going on at CERN. But the biggest one is the large head on collider that you might have heard about in the news. It's a 27 kilometer long tunnel that is 100 meters underground. It goes through France and Switzerland. And here we're accelerating particle beams to almost the speed of light. And so we have two beams. One is going clockwise. The other one is going counterclockwise. And at these four specific points, we collide the beams head on. And then hopefully something interesting happens, like the creation of a new elementary particle. So Fernando and I, we both work at the Atlas experiment, which in my mind is of course the best experiment at the LHC. Okay. So here you can see a view inside of the tunnel. Again, it's 100 meters underground. And so these big things are big, strong magnets that are able to bend the beam into the circular trajectory, even though the beams are going at the almost the speed of light. And so they're very strong magnets. And here you see what happens at one of these collisions points. So I showed there are four collision points. And this is the collision point where the Atlas experiment sits. So this is the Atlas experiment. It's one of the biggest scientific machines that humankind has ever built. And so what is it? It's basically a three, a huge giant three-dimensional camera that records what is going on during these particle collisions from all angles. So we want to know what is happening during these collisions so that we can analyze it later on offline while we're taking the data. And so these collisions, they're not happening, once a week or once a day or once a minute. They happen every 25 nanoseconds and they produce a couple of megabytes of data per collision. So we have 40 million collisions every second. And so there's a lot of data that is being accumulated. So while in the former times, we analyzed the data by eye using photographic plates, now we of course need very large computational infrastructure in order to get, manage this data in an efficient way and actually extract some physics insight out of this huge amount of data. Okay, so if you're actually managing to extract some interesting science out of it, nice things can happen. So here, for example, we can discover a new elementary particle. This happened almost exactly 10 years ago. This was the announcement of the discovery of the Higgs boson. And a couple of years ago at the KubeCon in Barcelona, we also showed how we can use Kubernetes to rediscover the Higgs. And so because of this discovery that we made at CERN, Peter Higgs was awarded a Nobel Prize a year later because he was predicting the existence of this new special particle a couple of decades earlier. And so that was a nice success not only of the physicists and the work that they do, but also of the computational infrastructure that we build in order to run these high scale, large scale scientific experiments. Okay, but this is not a physics conference. I'll not talk too much about the physics, but I want to talk more about the computing infrastructure and how we actually manage the data. And so in Atlas, we have a two tiered data processing pipeline, so to say. We have one kind of large scale pipeline, which we call the production system. And the role of this production system to either take the data from the raw detector output or from our simulation and then pre-process it in a way into a format that is useful for the actual downstream scientists. And so this is a very large scale operation. So we have an extra byte of data, roughly. And so this doesn't fit a single data center. So we need to distribute globally across something like a million CPUs. And Fernando is going to talk a bit about that. And this pre-processing stage is a fairly well-organized activity where you have only a few teams that are able or in charge of running this pre-processing campaign. And so we heard a lot about batch processing also at this conference. And there was a co-located event about the Kubernetes batch working group. And so this is a classic batch workload where we're not super interested when this processing happens. We're interested that it happens at some point, but it doesn't need to be now. It doesn't need to be tomorrow. It can happen maybe in a week from now. And so this is kind of the very large scale system. And then the user analysis, like the data scientist view of the system is down here. And it's a couple of orders of magnitude below that. So it's at the petabyte scale. And so this is where you have individual teams of data scientists and physicists that look for a specific physics question in the data. And so here it's still large scale. So globally, we still have something like 100,000 CPUs. But typically, a team works on one or two individual facilities. But unlike the production system, which is this few groups, highly organized activity, here you have a much more heterogeneous setup where you have individual teams, hundreds of individual teams that train machine learning models. They do their data analysis, statistical analysis, pre-selection, and so on. So there's a very rich bouquet of individual things that you want to do. And ideally, you want to have the answer as soon as possible. If I, as a physicist, have an idea on how to process my data to extract some physics, I want to try it out this idea and immediately get the answer. So ideally, what we want to have is a kind of interactive data analysis experience where you can try something even though you're still kind of roughly at this petabyte scale. And so the way that we're structuring this talk is that Fernando is going to talk a bit about this first production system tier. And then later on, we'll try to do a live demo and try to actually do some physics that represents roughly what we're doing in this data analysis tier at the bottom. Okay, so I'll hand over to Fernando. He'll talk to you about the production system and then we go to the demo. Thanks a lot, Lukas. Okay, so while most of the people started hearing about Cernand Atlas around 2008, which is which when Atlas started to go into production and then there was more media attention, also books like Don Brown's Angels and Demons. But these experiments are actually being planned decades in advance. So Atlas was being discussed in the 90s and the computing infrastructure was being discussed late 90s and beginning of the 2000s. And back in those days, there was simply industry was not at the level that it is now. There was no cloud computing. There were no massive storage systems and no real off the shelf components that Atlas could use for the processing of their data and the storage. So for this reason, in 2001, the worldwide LHC computing grid was conceived. And they came up with a plan of that each of the university and laboratory that was participating in the Atlas experiment or in the LHC experiments, they would also contribute a little bit for the computing power of the experiment and the computing storage. And then the WLCG also developed all of the middleware and storage elements and compute elements that would be doing the storage and processing. Today, the Atlas statistics are around 165 data centers distributed in 40 countries. You can see here in this image, the center is around, is in Switzerland, around Geneva. And since we are in Spain, also in Spain, you see that there are three data centers, one is in Madrid, one is in Valencia. It's quite close actually here to this venue. And also, the tier one is in Barcelona. While the processing and storage is done distributed, we have central services that do actually all of the, they have the intelligence and the management of the data and of the workloads. The first system is Ruthia. It's responsible for the data management. It knows all of the data sets and files that are managed by the experiment and knows where they are in the grid. And then it's also responsible to interact with the storage systems like upload, download, files, schedule transfers between them and so on. To date, the Ruthia system manages around 700 petabytes of data distributed around the grid. For the workload management part, we have another animal, which is Panda. And Panda is talking with Ruthia constantly, knows where their fights are, and then schedules the computational tasks to the data, also depending on what is the load of each site. And it's also responsible to interact with all of the compute systems and push the jobs into the batch systems. You see in this diagram, it was the evolution of the last seven years, more or less, how we have been growing. And to date, we are on the 700, 800,000 virtual CPUs for course. And the resources are different. So the main component are the pledge resources, which are the traditional grid resources. But then we also have opportunistic or over-the-pledge resources provided by cloud and by HPCs, that we have very successful collaborations with. Going a little bit in a high-level diagram, so you see that we have our users, they interact with the data and the workload management system. These systems make the grid look like a unified resource and abstract all of the distributed nature of the system. And then for the workload management part, we have this Havista component, which is the one that talks with all of the batch systems and resources. The typical flavor are the grid sites, and they are Havista talks, the HD Condor, or the ArcMiddleware APIs to submit jobs. For HPCs, we have a lot of collaborations and use different supercomputers. And usually, this has to be done on a case-by-case basis, since every HPC is different. And then the one site that we are actually focusing this presentation on is the integration with Kubernetes. So this originated a couple of years ago, we were running a project with Google, and we were thinking, how could we run Atlas jobs in Google? And then the typical option was to fiddle around with virtual machines, contextualize them to join some batch queue. But instead, what we thought is that the best is to use Kubernetes as a native resource, because we can run also the Kubernetes classes on our own sites, not only on commercial clouds. And also all of the commercial clouds nowadays are the major ones that are offering managed Kubernetes clusters. Here we show a little bit how we integrate the Havista and Kubernetes. So the one requirement that we had is that we were not starting from zero. We needed to integrate Kubernetes in a structure that was, that is already 15 years old or so on. And we needed to integrate Kubernetes in a way that it offers all of the services that a traditional grid site is offering. But at the same time, I also didn't want to install too many things on Kubernetes and wanted to keep it as simple as possible. So while most of the people know Kubernetes for application management and service management, Kubernetes also has native job controllers, which allow you to run batch applications directly on Kubernetes. And we used just the native job controllers, but if you attended the batch working group, for example, they are talking about a lot of extensions that provide additional capabilities that we did not use at the moment. So in Havista, we wrote plugins that use the Kubernetes Python API. They submit the jobs, they see the status of the jobs. And also when something goes wrong, they clean up Kubernetes jobs. And we also extended it a little bit with Kubernetes common options. So we set limits so that the jobs cannot run out of CPU or memory. We also use port affinity and anti-affinity, sometimes when you want, for example, the small jobs to get packed together and not spread around the cluster. And also, really, we use priority classes when we want to have some higher priority for the larger jobs. And maybe the one thing that sticks out a little bit from the pure Kubernetes world is this high-energy physics file system that we need to mount, and that's CVMFS. So you need to imagine CVMFS is like a content delivery network and Atlas software and all of the high-energy physics software is distributed through this content delivery network. And then on the nodes, we have a CVMFS client that fuses the file system into the node. And so we installed this as a demon set, and then CVMFS shares this file system through volumes with all of the panda jobs that are running in the cluster. Following a little bit the motto of this KubeCon conference, I think we've been also going onward and upward. If you see the plot, we started, this is in 2020. We started with a handful of resources. Each one was contributing a couple hundred cores, and we had our mini Kubernetes grid. But then we've been growing that significantly last year. This big part here that's in blue, that's actually our first early adopter, which is the University of Victoria. Here, the site admin in Victoria, he, at the beginning, he was testing a bit the water, seeing how it's working. And then he was actually very happy with how it worked, and then he moved all of his resources into a big Kubernetes cluster and went away from the traditional grid model. And he also was very convinced about the support model that is generally in Kubernetes, like the white support community. And then we also, those spikes that we see in the plot, that's actually when we are scaling out to the cloud. And we can do this at a very large scale, as I will show you in the next slides. So some words about the elastic cloud scale. So this is actually the slide we are very proud about. And it shows how during the month of April, we were trying out different configurations for our Kubernetes cluster that was in Google in Belgium, Europe, West 1. And we were at the beginning scaling up to 20,000 cores, and we did 40,000 cores. And we've ended up with almost 100,000 cores. And we also have been adapting our payload so that we are very resilient to preemptible VMs and also lately we are running on spot VMs so that we don't have this 24-hour time limit. And this very last scale out, close to 100,000 cores.  And during this day, we managed to process 100 million events on 100,000 virtual CPUs in Google. We use fairly big nodes. We try to use the 80 VCPU nodes and also some 32 VCPU nodes. So the cluster overall is 2,000 nodes, something like that. And from the harvester point of view, it's a scaled harvester instance that is also submitting all of the jobs to Victorian to the other smaller sites. And again, all of this is controlled by just fractions of our time. And then if we zoom in into the 30th of April, it's this plot that I have down here. And here you see the contribution from all of the different sites that are contributing processing power to Atlas. And you see that we are on the 30th of April, not always. We were the second contributor just behind Vega, which is our URAHPC and the top 500 supercomputer list in the world. So it's something that's quite impressive, the amount of computer you can add on with not so much person power invested. The other cool thing that we can do with all of these Kubernetes classes is provide heterogeneous architectures to the Atlas experiment. So we are living nowadays in this golden age for computer architecture development as described in this ACM communications article by Patterson and Hennessy. Or also you see, and if you see the NVIDIA key nodes, you see, for example, how Jensen Huang pulls out the hottest GPUs out of the oven. So while Atlas for 99% of the processing that we do, we just need the basic x86 CPUs. But we do not live completely isolated from what's happening outside. And if we are not able to modify our software tool, for example, use ARM resources or use GPU, we are going to be missing out a lot of opportunities in the future. One example that was successful this year was, for example, the Atlas software team. They wanted to build their software for ARM and needed infrastructure that from end to end, they would want to simulate Atlas events on ARM. And while there are great sites that are interested in purchasing ARM, but no one wants to be really the first one to do so. So what we did in this case, we had a grant through University of Fresno and the grant is on Amazon. So we set up an EKS cluster with a Graviton 2 node. And you see, well, in this, just for illustration purposes, you see how the first 10,000 events ever processed or simulated on ARM were being generated and here they are being compared to events on x86 to see if they align properly or not. And also, well, one thing that I used for this thing in particular were these multi-arc docker images, which really make your life much more easier. You just need to build the image once, and docker will automatically, you say, the architectures you want to support, and docker will generate the different versions of the image. And then when the client puts the image, the correct version will be sent based on the architecture of the client. Now, until now, I've been focusing mostly on this batch processing and bulk processing. Now we are shifting gears a little bit into the interactive analysis that Lukas described. One, some technologies at Atlas and the high-energy physics community is interested in are interactive analysis facilities based, for example, on Jupyter and on Dask. So we installed on our GKE class, we installed also Jupyter and Dask, and have been offering that to the users and also, for example, offering them to start notebooks or Dask classes using GPUs. This is how Jupyter and the Dask integration looks like. Lukas will show it live, so I will not get into it. But the one thing that is cool is this plot here, and it shows this was done by Lukas. He's scaling up his task cluster and running the same task again, multiple times, but each time on a larger cluster. And you can see, first, he ran the task with 100 workers, and it took 40 minutes. Then he ran it with 200 workers, the time that he was waiting reduced to 20 minutes, and like that, until he was running it on 1500 workers, the task is done in five minutes, and then he's done with the job. And if he likes the resources, the results, then he's done for the day, and if not, then he can repeat the process interactively and can really focus on his science, and with this kind of system, we provide him that capability. And the cool thing is that installing this setup, there are already Helm charts available that do most of the work for you, like the Dask hub, which provides directly to Jupyter and Dask integrated Helm chart. The thing that I mostly needed to figure out was the configuration that I needed to add for scalability and also cost-effectiveness. So I wanted to have, like, critical, and, you know, critical parts in a particular node pool, which is guaranteed so that the user is not connected and his node pool gets slashed. But then, for example, the workers where we have thousands of workers that I put into cheap preemptible VMs, and like that, the cost is much better. And then one thing that I didn't work with Lukas, but Lukas has had a different project with other people like Rihanna. It's all of these workflow engines that you could also install on Kubernetes, and like that, you have the whole computing capabilities that are needed in one single Kubernetes cluster. And also, I think that the presentation in this room after us will actually be showing a demo or a presentation about tube flow use for machine learning at CERN as well. And with that, I will pass it back to Lukas. Okay, thanks Fernando. Yeah, so we're now going to focus a bit more on this analysis side, and we're actually trying to do a live demo, so wish us luck. So what we're trying to do is to recreate roughly this plot, so it's kind of the history of particle physics as it goes through the decades. As we're able to build more powerful and powerful particle accelerators, we can move from the left-hand side, which is low energy, to the right-hand side, to high energy, and every time we cross the energy threshold, we're able to create new elementary particles. So these peaks that you see are each elementary particles. So on the left-hand side, you see the japeside particle that was in the 70s, a Nobel Prize. In the middle, you see the bequark discovery, and on the right-hand side, you see also the Zebozon that was in the 80s, a Nobel Prize. And so these are old discoveries, so they're nothing new. But what we can show is that we can rediscover these particles live in the data that we collected, the Large Hadron Collider, because it not only has it's high energy, but it will basically create all of these particles as you go as well. So let's switch over to this analysis facility that Fernando mentioned. We have this Kubernetes substrate. Part of this Kubernetes substrate is dedicated for batch processing, in a very large scale. And another part is focused on more analysis-focused workloads. And so here we have Jupyter. And so I hope this is going to work. And so Jupyter is a data science IDE that a lot of people like, so it's very much used in data science, machine learning, but also by physicists. And what we want to do is basically to grab some data and analyze this data in a nice way. But of course, in the kind of particle physics context, the data is much too large in order to just be processing it in memory inside of a single node, even if it's a large node. And so we need to have a scale-out system in the background. So the user interface is just kind of the front. And then we have something that scales horizontally in the background. And for this we will basically take our data lake. And so we authenticate to the storage and we are able to grab some data from the data lake. And here we are basically scaling a cluster. Let me see. The scrolling doesn't work. And so here we see that we scaled up the cluster while I was talking. We scaled it to 500 cores. And of course, 500 cores are not 100,000 cores as we talked about. But at the same time, remember that this is a multi-tenant system. So I as a physicist want to go to this facility and then request 500 cores to do my interactive data analysis. But then there might be 100 other physicists that also want to have each of their 500 cores. And then very quickly you scale up very fast. And so here we can use a lot of the auto-scaling capabilities of Kubernetes to scale the cluster to whatever size is needed, how many physicists are actually trying to do data analysis. And then if it's a more quieter period, we can then scale the cluster down again in order to conserve costs, especially if it's on public cloud resources. And so here once you have a scaled up cluster, you can then actually define your physics analysis inside of the Jupyter notebook. And so I just have a bit trouble with scrolling. And so once you have the physics analysis defined in a Jupyter notebook, gets distributed to all the workers. And the workers, they are able to do embarrassingly parallel data processing where each worker grabs a slice of the data from the data lake. They do whatever processing the user requested. So we are trying to extract some physics information from the data. And then the results get accumulated back into this user interface until we are, and then we can visualize it. So what we are doing here in particular is that we use Einstein's famous like energy and mass relationship so that we can infer the energy of the original particle by measuring, the mass of the original particle by measuring the energies of the decay product. And so this. Lucas, you show us the dashboard. Yeah, I'll show this, but I'll just need to copy this URL. So this is nice. So unlike a batch system, what we see is that we have basically a real time view on what's happening inside of the data. And so here we are actually visualizing the results. And we recreated the plot that we just showed in the original slide. And so we can also go to the dashboard. Let me see. And so you can see kind of in live view of what's happening inside of the dashboard and what is happening on the data processing site. And so this gives us a very interactive feel of what's going on. And so here we basically process 60 million events in just two minutes and we basically recreated all of this particle physics history life on Kubernetes in a live demo. So I'm very happy that this worked even though the scrolling didn't work just as well as we wanted to. Okay, so let's go back to our slides. So this is my summary. So what we showed is basically the way that we imagine interactive data analysis for physicists to work. We have a data lake that is close by to the analysis facility as hundreds of terabytes or even petabytes. And as a user, I log on to the system and I can scale out dynamically to whatever many cores I want. And then it's a multi tenant system where a lot of people are able to use this interface and they can use Jupyter notebooks in order to do their data analysis. Okay, so for this, I'll then hand it back to Fernando for the summary. Thanks for the demo, Lukas. Yeah, so just concluding. So I think we've shown you that Kubernetes goes far beyond just pure service management. We've been using it natively for bunch processing. We were even not expecting we would get to this scale. We were thinking this would be at a few thousand cores, but we managed to scale up to a hundred thousand cores in a single cluster. And I think that we might not be at the limit yet and we are already trying to convince people to let us try a higher scale. Managed Kubernetes clusters simply work. They work great. You don't really... The less you look at them, it's better. They auto-heal themselves. The broken nodes, they get repaired or swapped. So it works very nicely. Also, Kubernetes, we can run it on-prem. We can run it on the cloud. It's going to be the same thing. And also, it's very easy to integrate what I call exotic resources. It's just the resources that we don't have a lot of in our grid sites. Besides this bunch processing, we also showed this kind of next generation interactive services that users can use for interactive analysis facilities. And also, Kubernetes provides a very high elasticity to scale up and down as the users request the workers. And obviously, there are other functionalities that can be added. Other services, functionalities from that, for example, are being looked at in the Kubernetes working group for patches and so on. And well, in the next years, we will see how all of this Kubernetes integration is accepted in our WLCG world. And maybe one DMS, can we have... The same way there is from zero to Jupyter, can we have a Helm chart on GitHub that does from zero to a grid site where with one commit you will have a grid site installed. So we will see how far we get there. And also, we need to see how in our university settings, we will also start deploying more Kubernetes clusters. So yeah, it's not perfect yet. There is still a lot of work to be done, but I think that with fairly reasonable amount of effort that we dedicated to it, we have been reaching very promising results. And well, and just to conclude, some acknowledgments to people that have worked with us. And also, I mentioned that Google actually gave us the funding for Luca's demo. So thanks a lot for that. And that's it from us.