Hi everyone, welcome back to Kung Fu, what is Jing Yi Chuan? Now this is part two of the series, so we have not yet seen the first one, please be sure to go check that out as we talked about the history and development of the art that leads up to this point. Today we're going to get an introduction of the curriculum itself and see how a lot of the methods developed are applied in practice as we continue to explore the history of the fists of the shape and the intention. So stick around for the good stuff. In the previous video we summarized the role that Dao wasn't played in the art, particularly the concept of the 10 celestial sems and the 12 earthly branches. Jing Yi Chuan is based on this Daoist theory. Its curriculum is structured on the 10 celestial sems and 12 earthly branches via what are called the five phases and the 12 animals. Again, please check out the first video for more information on that. So what comes after the five phases or the five fists of Jing Yi Chuan? You might remember that the five fists stand to represent the 10 celestial sems. This leaves us with the 12 earthly branches. Now the representation of the 12 earthly branches comes to us in the form of 12 animals. These 12 animals are dragon, tiger, monkey, horse, alligator, rooster, swallow, sparrow hawk, snake, eagle, bear, and tie, which is a mythical bird. Now are the 12 animals of Jing Yi Chuan something like the animal systems of kung fu that you need to learn? Hmm, not exactly. The different animals are either combinations of movements or talu, and typically each animal has several of these combinations or forms. For each of these animal combinations or forms, there are of course numerous ways supplied in combat. Interestingly, every lineage of the art also tends to feature small or even possibly major modifications for the animal movements, and it is common to find variations among schools and teachers. The animals of Jing Yi Chuan also use the mechanics of the five fists and novel in interesting ways. Just to reiterate, the five fists or five movements are, Pi Chuan, Juen Chuan, Bong Chuan, Pao Chuan, and Hung Chuan. The five fists laid a foundation for the techniques and body methods whose more advanced versions are studied through the animals. Now the idea is not to make oneself appear like the animals. This is not an animal mimicking martial art. The concept of having the animals in the system is for the practitioners to borrow two things from them. First, their specific fighting spirit, and second, their strategies and tactics. The practitioner is supposed to adopt a psychological framework on the animal and adapt its unique way of moving for human combat. Now here's just a few examples of some of the animal concepts. The monkey is quite agile, quick, and sneaky. It presents you with a facade and then seemingly randomly goes in another direction. The monkey is therefore unpredictable and playful, with arguably even itself not knowing where it may come next, but it easily adapts once it does. The monkey is light rather than heavy, fleeting rather than committed, and it uses the opponent like a branch to hang onto and thus turns itself into a weight which the opponent is forced to carry. It also prefers using open palm heel strikes over fists. The rooster is direct and unrelenting, attacking continuously without retreat but fortunate itself through openings rather than via brute force. It is vicious and it does not surrender. It has the characteristic of sharp pecking through penetrating action and its beak is the phoenix eye fist. The rooster can also suddenly and violently flap its wings causing the opponent to lose his footing. Its strength is found in its courage and intensity more so than its physical prowess. The alligator is a heavy beast, which swings from side to side as it advances. It waves its massive tail left and right and it can slam into somebody causing massive damage. The alligator can also bite or grab into someone with its mouth and aggressively pull him sideways and break him apart. It is powerful and oppressive, but it achieves its goals by adhering to circular movements and the acceleration of its own weight horizontally to drag down and drown his opponent. It also preserves conserving energy only exploding when the timing is right. The swallow has the characteristic of soaring and then diving. While it soars, it is totally committing upwards. When it dives, it turns sideways. The swallow then goes up and down swiftly changing direction. As it dives, it reaches between passageways, like walls and trees, spiraling among them. In Xingyi Chuan, the trajectory of the flight pathways of the swallow have therefore been adapted for upward drilling movements aimed at the head and lowering of the body to topple the opponent. Swallow movements may also incorporate jumping forward into a sideways takedown and borrowing from this animal's character. Now apart from the five fists in the animals, there are also various talu for solo and partner practice. Now talu is sort of the equivalent of kata and karate, but with some distinctions. And we talked about this more in depth in Muadis Kung Fu, which you can find above or in the link below in the description. Now these talu tend to tackle a very specific topic. Some will focus on connecting all the five fists and adding some combinations to them. Others link up together all the animal movements. There are even forms which combine the entire curriculum into a single, well-organized choreography. Though the talu may differ between lineages, typically there are at least four of the five of them in each school. Some forms are even specifically designed to bridge the gap between cooperative partner practice and full-blown sparring. Though the main emphasis on Qing Yi Chuan is the practice of single movements and single combination, forms are still important, especially for beginners and intermediate practitioners. Accompanying the forms are various partner drills, which are semi-cooperative or freestyle, culminating into full sparring, traditionally without protective equipment. Now the method for developing whole body sensitivity through partner grappling is called rolling hands, as opposed to the pushing hands of Tai Chi Chuan or other arts. It is an effective measure of learning how to transition between both grappling and striking movements, and rather than being technique-oriented, rolling hands thus teach the movement mechanism which are taught between techniques. The art and its unique outlook are further explored with the practice of weaponry. Chief among them is the big spear. So for training purposes, such giant spears can be three to five meters long, and they're usually made from a flexible white wax wood. The spear is important for learning how to generate the art's famous and formidable vibrating power, connect the entire body as a single unit, and guide movements with ones Dantian or energy center. Other weapons vary between lineages, and they might include staves, swords, or specialized daggers. The spear is the most important weapon because the mechanics used to wield it are used in all the five phases and twelve animals. Many are of the opinion that the primary inspiration of creating Qing Yi Chuan was the use of the spear. A common mistake uttered by many is calling Qing Yi Chuan a linear art. That cannot be further from the truth. Now while it is true that Qing Yi Chuan prefers a straightforward manner of attacking, as well as viewing narrow steps and postures, it is not all linear. Proper traditional Qing Yi Chuan contains small circles and spirals in every single movement. Such minute articulations of the body might be large, but they're often minuscule and undetectable to inexperienced observers. They cannot be understood and put to use unless much time is invested in the practice of single movements and Zhang Jiang. Using these tight circles and spirals allows a seasoned practitioner to either control the opponent or slide past his defenses. To the opponent though, these mechanics feel like a strong force or vibration. Now fighting Qing Yi Chuan exemplifies two Chinese idioms. The first is that one should do combat like he is on fire, and the second one is fight the opponent attempting to wear him like a shirt. When a person is on fire, he tends to run amok and get through any person and obstacle in his path. Trying to wear the opponent like a shirt is a metaphor for feeling the enemy as being pliable in your hands, something you can rip apart, manipulate, and draw very close to your body while still maintaining control. This is all different from sports fighting in which there is often a touch and go dynamic or a play of giving and receiving. Qing Yi Chuan, being oriented towards self defense rather than sport, strives to engage the opponent with a continuous, committed flow and barrage of blows until either winning or survival of the encounter is achieved. Qing Yi Chuan is furthermore famous for its shocking explosive power, which can be used from short or long ranges alike. This type of method is called power emitting, or Fajin, in the Chinese language. Only quality traditional instruction will lead to the development of such power. To have the ability to Fajin means that the practitioner can put power into a technique without the need for withdrawing the arm or foot back to gather extra momentum. Now, as we all know in those of you who fight, this can be very, very useful when every second counts. So this concludes our series on Kung Fu, what is Qing Yi Chuan. Now, I hope you enjoyed the presentation and please feel free to share your thoughts and experience in the comments, but please try to do so respectfully. Now there's so much more we can talk about in this art, but we've got a lot more martial arts topics to cover as well. And for those of you who enjoy this and wish to learn more, should find a qualified teacher and seek hands-on instruction. And as before, I would like to give my extreme thanks to Shifu Jonathan Bluestine for providing us with the research and a narrative in both of these episodes so that we could present them to you today. His contribution is valuable and very much appreciated. Shifu Bluestine is also the author of two great books on the martial arts called Research of the Martial Arts and the Martial Arts Teacher. And you can find a link to them both in the video description. Now, he's also the headmaster of an international martial arts organization called Blue Jade. Now, in Blue Jade International Schools is taught the art of Xingyi Quen alongside several other arts. To reach Shifu Bluestine, search for Shifu Jonathan Bluestine on Facebook or you can click the link in the description. And as for Blue Jade International Schools, we also have a link for that as well. So thank you all so much for watching. Please like and subscribe and please be sure to sign up on our Patreon page so that we can bring you more videos like this and cover many, many, many more arts that you guys are asking for. Thank you so much and we'll see you all next time.


All right, back to regularly scheduled programming. So quiz three is set. It has a scheduling question, which is fairly short. That's a multiple choice. 10 general multiple choices on virtual memory. Then kind of written response about scheduling. Then page replacement, which is like page faults. So it'd be like optimal, least recently used or FIFO that you have to worry about for that. And then there's a paging question. You can expect multi-level page tables. So with that, we will switch topic to the last kind of thread of the course and talking about persistence. And first we'll talk about hardware and maybe older hardware that some of you might not have seen. Good old hard disk drives. So this is the actual hardware of the hard disk drive and kind of what it looks like if you tore open one of the spinning rust hard drives. It looks something like this where there's a bunch of platters. So each of those big spinning disks is called a platter and that's where all your information is stored. So it's all magnetic. So it's read as a one or a zero. So that big arm assembly there has multiple arms and at the head there, it can read whatever it can do some magic with magnets and actually read or write bits to the disk there. So then when you talk about the disk there, so each track, so it's called a track if everything's at the same radius because we have to be able to select some amount of information. So there'll be a track which is out radius and then a platter is which one you select which it might also be called cylinder because it looks like in cylinder if it's 3D and we have multiple of these and then within a track there'll be different sectors and then each of those will be of size say a block or something like that. So there'll be a set size. So you'll be addressing things in sectors which will be a set size usually four kilobytes and multiple sectors live on a track and then there are multiple tracks across all the cylinders representing all the platters of the disk. So that's kind of what it looks like and how it works too is that arm assembly can move back and forth and then the disk can also rotate so it rotates to spin all the disk and that's what that loud sound is. So here your access speed because things physically have to move really depends on how close two things are together. So if you have sectors on the same track you can read them continuously so you don't have to move the head at all you're just reading the subsequent sector so you essentially get it for free if it's already rotating anyways so the magnetic head just goes and it can constantly read things and it can actually do that fairly fast but if your data is on another sector on a different track well then the read-write head is gonna have to move in and out and it might be on the 180 side of the platter so you're also going to have to wait for the disk to spin around and get to the sector that you want. So switching between tracks and repositioning that head is actually kind of slow and repositioning the arm is also expensive. So when you are the kernel and you're writing things to access the hard drive you have to say what sector you want and you do that by addressing it in this old addressing mode called cylinder head sector so you give each of those coordinates so you can think of it as just a coordinate where the platter is like the Z axis so that's which head to write from and then the track or something historically the cylinder is basically the radius so what radii you want and then the sector is just wearing that track which would be just like the degree. So this scheme has like an eight gigabyte limit historically because it assumes there are 512 bytes on a sector and then up to 63 sectors of track and then up to 255 heads so that's how many tracks are in a cylinder and then how many cylinders there are. So the alternative approach to just giving three coordinates to actually address the sector is something called logical block addressing so it basically just uses an index to address any block yeah just uses an index and then that goes straight to a sector so it's not limited eight degrees it's just however many indexes you have so you can say however many index bits and that will just read you off a sector but at that point you have no idea about the actual geometry of the device so you don't know if two sectors even if their indexes are right next to each other they may actually be on different tracks because there has to be breaks somewhere so you lose a bit of control if you want to like really really optimize something if you use logical block addressing because you're not guaranteed that any two sectors if they're indexed one apart it doesn't mean they're right next to each other. So there's also this thing for hard drives called shingle magnetic recording which is a kind of new thing that typically you want to avoid basically the right head only writes in the center of the track and has some unused padding so because there's magnetic interference and all that stuff so under normal circumstances when you have this you can't write to the padding without destroying anything on the neighboring tracks that's why there's padding so there's some space where some interference can happen and that's fine it doesn't affect something on the next track but with shingle magnetic recording it basically takes advantage of this and writes over the padding if you do it in a certain way so you have to guarantee all your writes happen at like say outer tracks before inner tracks and that way you can kind of overlap the interference a little bit and pack things even closer together but you have to be really careful to do everything sequentially or else that interference is still there and you might be able to ruin stuff and also your performance may if you don't know this is happening your performance may suffer if you write in the opposite order then things are shingled because then it's going to have to write all the data again just to write modify a bit at the end and you're going to have to do this over and over again so it gives you some more density but also if you use it incorrectly your performance is going to suffer a lot but it is cheaper and if you buy cheap hard disks now they might actually have this technology in them and you actually have to check so these hard disk drives like I said positioning the head and rotating the disk are not free and the amount of time it takes just depends on the amount of physical distance it has to travel so the rotational delay is the time it takes to physically rotate the disk to get to the correct sector which would typically be like four to eight milliseconds if you assume the average delay is like half a full rotation so yeah so on average it has to rotate half if you assume just completely random accesses and then seek time is moving that head in and out to get to the correct track typically this is a lot faster since it's on a track it doesn't have to wait for anything to spin it just moves up and down so that would be like half a millisecond to two milliseconds and then the transfer time is how long it takes to actually read bytes from the disk assuming everything is sequential and in order and we're just reading it as fast as we can from that magnetic head and typically the maximum transfer speed for these kinds of disks are going to be somewhere in the neighborhood of like 125 megabytes a second maybe 150 while our NVMe hard drives now are like 7,000 megabytes a second or something like that so relatively slow but still much, much cheaper so if you were to calculate the transfer rate well it's some fairly simple math the total time it takes to actually transfer some data you have to take into account the rotational delay so how long the disk takes to rotate then how long it takes for that head to move in and out and then how long it takes to actually read the data from that magnetic head and transfer it so the transfer rate is going to be just equal to the size of the transfer divided by how long it takes since that is the definition of transfer rate and then we can answer the following questions like hey what is the transfer rate of large sequential accesses and then what's the transfer rate of small random accesses for each disk so you should use them sequentially whenever possible because your performance really, really badly degrades so say we have two hard drives here hard drive one is like a consumer one that you could buy off the shelf and then hard drive two is more of like an enterprisey one so you can see the enterprisey one spins more than twice as fast which is directly proportional to its rotational latency so a consumer drive might be like 4.2 milliseconds while an enterprise drive would be something like two and then the average seek time would also be about twice as fast on a more enterprisey drive where the seek time for your consumer drive is like nine milliseconds enterprise would be like four and then the maximum transfer speed between the disks wouldn't actually be all that different so like 105 megabytes a second versus 125 megabytes a second they'd have the same number of platters and their interface would be a bit different to actually communicate through the hardware so for the sequential 100 megabyte read we know our transfer rates because we're going to assume that this is the ideal case where the seek time is zero and the rotational time is zero so in that case we're given our transfer rates so if we want to calculate how long it takes for a 100 megabyte read while we have the rate we have the amount of data we need to actually read so we can calculate the time knowing that then the more interesting calculation comes when we actually want to calculate how long it takes for like a four kilobyte read so you can see between the two hard drives that's where the big difference comes in even though they're both really really slow so if you just had to read like four kilobytes of data randomly that could be anywhere on the disk it would be something like 0.3 megabytes a second versus 0.6 for the enterprise drive yeah, the total time yeah, yeah so for the first one where we calculate where we calculate the transfer time for the sequential accesses we're just assuming the seek and rotational time are zero so if t is the total time it comes all it only comes from the transfer time yeah so for the first hard drive there so for hard drive one for hard drive one I'm just assuming that the the rate is 105 megabytes a second and then I know I'm transferring I know I'm transferring 100 megabytes so well if that's the case it's just 105 megabytes a second divided by a hundred and then that would give us something like the 850 milliseconds time which would actually be like 0.95 seconds so that's the more interesting calculations for the four kilobyte read so for the four kilobyte read we can just go ahead and assume so we won't even bother we'll just assume that we can read that four kilobytes instantly so our total t is then going to be equal to average seek time plus average rotation and then that's it so we're just going to assume that the whole transfer time is instant so for the first hard drive for each dd1 well the numbers on the slide was our average seek time was 4.2 milliseconds and then our average rotation was 9 milliseconds so our whole time is going to be whatever that is 13.2 milliseconds which is the same as 0.0132 seconds so then in this case the amount of data we're transferring is four kilobytes and then we can actually assume it's like the hard drive manufacturer run so where four kilobytes is actually a where one megabyte is actually a thousand kilobytes which is not really that true so we know that you know if we're due powers of two well one kilobyte like this equals two to the ten bytes but hard drive manufacturers do not believe that hard drive manufacturers believe one kilobyte equals a thousand bytes and this is why if you've ever bought like a one terabyte hard drive and then you try to use it it would only be like 900 and something gigabytes well that's because hard drive manufacturers don't believe in powers of two they believe in a thousand so they can sell you something that you think is bigger than it actually is so because there's a difference of like 24 bytes for it's like one kilobyte the number will be like kind of similar but if you get up to like one megabyte well hard drive manufacturers think that is you know a million bytes well you probably believe it's like two the 20 which uh what's two the 20 oh cool yeah so two the 20 is like actually something like this and then it's going to be even worse if you believe one gigabyte is like a billion bytes and then you think it's two the 30 then the numbers are going to be even wild more wildly different so that is why you buy a one terabyte hard drive it's not actually one terabyte so that's marketing for you so if we go ahead and do this then oops yeah then we can calculate our rate so our rate is just going to be d divide by t so how much data we're transferring divide by how long it takes and then this is 0.004 megabytes divided by 0.0132 seconds so that gives us our 0.351 megabytes a second so that was for hard drive one we do the same thing for hard drive two well we can just get the rate directly so the rate we're transferring the same amount of data in this case it's going to be way faster because we're going to add two plus four which is like going to be about twice more than twice as fast because it spins a lot faster so that would be six milliseconds which is 0.001 seconds so that would be 0.66 megabytes a second so that's the two difference between the drive some fairly simple math so when we have that logical mapping remember that's like you just have an index that you can just index sectors but you don't know where they are on the disk if you're hard drive or if you're using a hard drive you probably want them numbered like this where most of them if they're sequential in the order are actually located next to each other in the same direction that the disk spins so here I could sequentially access you know block zero all the way to 11 and if I do that all in order it would be all sequential and be really fast and then I have a break between 11 and 12 where I have to move tracks but I try and minimize that as much as possible so then if you assume that you actually don't have to you know use all those three coordinates and you get pretty good performance without actually having to do any complicated looking into the hardware or anything like that so yeah and also too here because it spins you may want to optimize this a bit better so when you transfer from you know you're reading sector 11 and you have to move it to sector 12 so you have to move it between tracks if you're designing the hardware you would actually want to number that such that by the time the head moves to the next track that sector 12 would be under the head and being able to read as quickly as possible and then you don't have to and then if you're the kernel and you're scheduling this you just access them all in order and then it's as fast as it could possibly be so that actually makes it a bit more efficient but you may want some more flexibility so that's like really simple to program you just try and access things in order it tries to reduce the seek time for sequential accesses as much as possible but if you are the kernel and you are controlling the file system well you can't try and inspect or try to optimize anything because you'll have no idea maybe you want to be absolutely sure that you don't change tracks or something like that well with just this default mapping you have no idea because you just have essentially one dimension in total and you might be able to try and like reverse the mapping by seeing you know how your transfer rate is between different blocks and then you can kind of figure out where the break is but you might not want to do that and also the hardware in a disk is quite complicated so the number of sectors in a track might change and also the disk those sectors go bad randomly and the disk will silently kind of remap them and say hey that sector is bad i won't use it anymore and then modify all the numbers and then you'll quickly lose track of things because it won't stay consistent and then this is where we get into our fun friend a cache so we've talked about all sorts of caches so you can also use caches for disks to significantly speed up their transfers so some disks will also have some internal memory so like for the western digital red ones they have like 64 megabytes of cache and what they can do is implement a read-ahead track buffer so basically it just reads the entire contents of a track while it's already there and keeps it in a cache so if you're going to access some information that has already been read in that track you don't have to wait for the disk to go around and spin back around to essentially where it started it would just read from the cache because it's already passed by and then other things you can do you can do something called write caching with just your RAM so if you modify any of these sectors maybe you make like thousands of small changes to that file well what the kernel can do is just keep you know essentially that block or sector in memory so you can modify it you just modify it as if it's memory and it won't actually write that data back out to disk until you're finished with it or you actually tell it you want it so there's some strategies you can use you can either explicitly say hey write this back to disk or you can kind of claim it's written back to disk so if you want to be really really fast you can say hey kernel please write this to disk i've modified it and then the curl can say yep i did that and then lie to you and not actually do it and then it's going to be it's going to look really really fast because if you keep on modifying that reading that data you'll see the modified data but if there's power loss because it's essentially only in memory and we know that if your memory is volatile so if the power goes off all your information is gone so if there's power failure you're actually going to lose data and that's not going to be good and then the other thing is if you really are serious about things being written you can do something called write through so you actually get an acknowledgement that the data is physically written to disk where you can guarantee that if there's a power failure that that data that's actually written and you're not going to lose any data so if you're like implementing file systems you would actually probably want to be notified that if you actually care about your data okay and the fun thing about disks too is we can schedule them so scheduling is still a thing here so you want to minimize the amount of time the disk moves without reading or writing data and this mostly applies to if you actually have access to all three coordinates so you can actually do first come first serve and if you know your programs are reading and writing to sectors you can just schedule them in the order that they're received remember your kernel is going to be way faster than disk because disks are fairly slow so if you do first come first serve for essentially like sector accesses or block accesses they'll be fair but this is going to have it's essentially going to be random accesses that you might be able to do better at so the first thing we can look at is something called shortest seek time first so in that scenario if i have a bunch of requests i'm going to service them in the order that they're the closest to wherever the hell my head currently is at so i'm trying to reduce the amount of arm movement or seek time but this is also going to be unfair because it's essentially like the hard disk version of shortest remaining time first so i'm just going to only do the close accesses so if there's an access that's really far away you know it may get starved because all your access your other accesses are really close together so it would actually service them instead so what you can do is an algorithm called the elevator which sweeps across the disks so if a request so say these are requests for you know sector 0 12 and 20 well what the elevator does is it will essentially go sequentially through the tracks so it'll go through this track this track and then this track and only service requests that are already kind of active at the time it goes through and it won't go backwards so it won't go backwards until it reaches all the way to the top and then it'll go back so in this case it would start at the outside track read sector 0 and then after that track's done it would go read 12 then after that track's done it would read 20 so what it would do is if the elevator is currently moving up so say we read zero and then we moved up for 12 and then we had a request come in for like one or something like that something on the outer track well the elevator is moving up so it wouldn't actually read sector one until it the elevator goes back down to the floor and restarts again so does that kind of make sense to everyone hopefully so what that elevator does too is actually ignore rotation so typically that shortest positioning time first is often the best strategy but you need to work together to actually implement that so elevator because it ignores rotation might actually not be the most efficient thing so you might want to use a combination of that and the shortest positioning time first so you try and optimize you try and minimize the amount of the distance between physical sectors so you don't have to rotate the disc or move the arm yeah no so elevator would work through the tracks in order and doesn't care about where they are rotationally so say yeah so say with this example too so say instead of we had 0 12 20 and say we also had six so if those were all our requests well a faster thing to do might be to read 0 12 20 while it's moving up and then read six afterwards but the elevator would do everything on the same track first so if we also had a request for six it would read 0 6 12 20 and then keep going up and then say we read 0 then 6 and then move to 12 well if a request comes in for five then it's not going to do that until the next time it goes through so yeah so it goes horizontally so it goes like it would go outside track all the requests for the outside track move a track in do all the requests there move a track in do all the requests there and then reset the head back to the beginning so with the elevator that the track only moves in one direction and then resets back to the bottom and then moves only in one direction if we yeah so if we had 0 12 20 and then 6 if it's elevator it would do everything on the outer ring first so it would do 0 6 12 20 while the fastest thing to do might be to go like 0 12 20 and then six afterwards and get all the other ones sequentially because i'm gonna have to if i do 0 then 6 i have to 0 then spin this thing 180 and then read 6 and then i have to go spin it 180 again to get all the way back to 12 so instead i could have just went 0 12 20 without spinning without having to wait for it at all essentially if they were lined up and then i just move the head while it's rotating 180 degrees and then pick off the six so that yeah so elevators a bit slower but it's going to be fair and not have that starvation issue because if i just did shortest positioning time first say i just had requests you know all next to each other here that kept on showing up again and again and then i also had a request for 20 well 20 might never actually get read and it just stays on the outer track and just does all the lower requests so yeah so you have the same idea with starving a process you can starve a block on the disc okay so disenable persistence so we explored kind of two hard drives like the enterprise one the other the enterprise one the consumer one saw you know shingled non shingled saw kind of two options for a whole bunch of hard drives but basically the magnetic discs have really poor random access they also need scheduling which good thing we learned scheduling and then if we do shortest positioning time first that's kind of the best i mean that minimizes actually waiting for any mechanical thing to move so that would be the best scheduling for throughput but kind of like shortest remaining time first it's going to maybe have issues with starvation so our whole scheduling it's still a trade-off even with this okay now do we have any final quiz three thoughts concerns or anything like that yeah yeah so this one's kind of between so it has one scheduling multiple choice which is like kind of short-ish but not a short short one and then 10 quick multiple choices of virtual memory and then a written one about scheduling which would be like hey some benefits or drawbacks and then page replacement which would just be like a longer one of like what's all the page faults at each time and then a paging question so given this virtual address tell me what it is so three longer-ish questions a bunch and then otherwise multiple choice so somewhere between quiz one and two so it's 40 points total which isn't super ideal but it's better than quiz two because that was only 30 and had only a few questions yep for the final format i do not know what the final format is going to be look like so it's in a computer lab i believe it's a quarkus quiz but it's a supervised quarkus quiz so you'll be doing it in the computer labs so you'll be supervised and they're restricting i don't know they're doing some setup where they're like restricting something or other so they have a setup for the machines there so you have to go on the machine and do it yeah so that yeah it'll be an in-person online quiz well i'll finish this up and then i'll answer questions i guess off-stream so just remember pulling for you we're on this


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with 2021 tops diamond icons baseball one box pick your team number 48 Super Bowl Square attached to it. These are from a set of loose boxes that was sent to us by our distributor So not from any specific case But I think that really matters because I feel like almost every diamond icons box is pretty awesome big Thanks everybody here So there is another one loaded up in the store right now if you want to check that out You can run another one back tonight So Greg ended up with last spot mojo before we pulled teams for random number blocks So there's the final list right there and here is the number blog listed. I upload that video. I did nice. Good job, Joe Here's the number block Results for that group right there if you want to watch the actual randomizer video It's in a different video All right, here it is diamond icons Good luck kind of a shallow box here. Does that mean redemption? We're just a bunch of thin cards All right, well good luck. Let's see what happens here first one out of out of the gate That's pretty nice. Good start 24 out 25 mo Mariano Rivera Nice autograph for Mark and the Yankees Picking up the Yankee straight up Next up is wow. Look at that four out of five Pete Alonzo look at that patch covered in infield dirt game used If there is ever a doubt that is awesome who has the Mets are a number block team So that goes to Mets for And that's for Mark Mark s That is awesome and All aboard the big hit express whoo-hoo get baseball back soon Another Yankee Don Mattingly at 8 out of 25. It's same mark mark s with the with the first three He's heating up He's on fire 10 out of 25 one Soto Excellent penmanship here that goes that's another one for mark s Wow He's got the first four cards 18 out of 25 three color patch on a grab this for mark No, Gary Gordon has the ATL has the world champion braves nice Freddy Freeman Breaking the streak Carlton Fisk five out of ten That's Red Sox edition that'll be for Jonathan Boston nice Carlton Fisk Next up is red ink autograph Andy Pettit four out of five for Mark s and the Bronx bombers and All aboard We got another Yankee six out of 25 Davey Garcia ready ink autograph ready ink really pops We've got a cut autograph four out of four Luke Appling Well, I think is a old white sock Yeah, old Chicago white sock shortstop Luke Appling. Let's let's look up Let's go back in time a little bit. Let's get some let's get a little bit of history on Luke Appling his nickname old aches and pains Lucius Benjamin Luke Appling born in 1907 pass away in 1991 old aches and pains American shortstop major league baseball played his entire career for the white socks Hall of Famer in 1964 Served his country World War two a couple years there Seven-time all-star two-time AL batting champion is number four retired and Got inducted with ninety four point zero three percent of the vote Eighth ballot lifetime three ten two thousand seven hundred and forty nine hits forty five home runs and 1116 RBI's that goes to mark s and the white socks Nice, there you go mark another train whistle for you all aboard the big-head express And the last one here is a relic the wizard Ozzy Smith nine out of ten and that's for the number block So Cardinals nine Steve Herrick Yeah, old aches and pains Wild nicknames back then so Steve Herrick there you go And there you go gang another great box of diamond icons in the books. I was break pick your team 48 49 in the store right now Now let's flip back over here. Let's give away that Super Bowl Square spot So let's sort by your first names Because the number blocks don't count So let's Copy everybody's names there so pretty decent odds Stick your names over here Let's roll it randomize Five into three eight times name on top gets a Super Bowl Square after eight one two three four five six Seven good luck eighth and final time after eight So a lot of sad faces here very close Joseph no cigar, but thanks everybody for trying Congrats to Congrats to Stephen flat. There you go Stephen. You are in The Super Bowl Square is promo details on jasky's case breaks calm. I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next break


Welcome to the RF Elements Unlust Podcast. I'm Caleb Muir. This is Tossos Papadopoulos. What's going on man? What's happening Caleb? How are you doing good living the dream? Yeah, I hear you. I hear you I like I like my new last name. I kind of like Papadopoulos. That sounds kind of cool It's a very kind of cool vibe to you know, so I want to write out of names here quickly. I may have to start looking it up on wiki But we'll see how long we can keep this going. This is a there's a long long line of Greek last names that you can You could probably use in all future episodes. Yeah, that my hillbilly self can pronounce. We'll see we'll see What you been up to man? Ah, you know same old same old man keeping busy. Just the daily grind the daily grind Very cool.  So it looks like we've got another one on deck I am super excited my favorite time of the year. So yeah, it's it's starting here too as well I mean, we were like in the high 60s in the morning, which is good because we've been in the kind of mid Upper 70s every morning. So it's starting to come and actually I was watching the news today You know, I saw it this morning like oh, it's you're gonna be you know in the 60s today And I I thought about you I thought about this is this is the Texas, you know false You know fall coming and stuff like that. So I'm excited to I didn't need my hoodie this weekend But I did wash it. I'm like, let me just get this thing ready for ready for action here. So you got a prep. You got a prep That's funny. So y'all we're gonna cut to the chase and get to the main heart of the episode here We have a very exciting episode. We have our first guest. So Assuming we're not totally botched this up. So intending to have our first guest. So Joining us here is Claude Aitken who is the president and CEO of whisper and we thought it'd be a really good opportunity To talk to him with wisdom Palooza coming up the big Vega show that you know We was spending a ton of work planning. Everybody knows this come and everyone's pumped So we thought be a good opportunity to bring him on and talk about what the show means for the industry for whisper And him in particular. So with that said, let's bring him in. All right, Claude. What's going on man? What's happening? You know what? We're we're staying busy. Lots of things going on at whisper, but Most one of the things that's taken up a lot of time these days is prepping for whisper Palooza, which is coming up So I'm very excited about that That it is definitely the the biggest show of the year in our industry by far gets bigger every year How many how many folks do you think are signed up for this show this year? Gosh, it's it's always hard to tell because Our our folks tend to sign up a little bit later Don't know why that is And and I think it's gotten worse because of the pandemic, but I mean 2019 we had about 2,500 people So we're hoping for something something around that, you know COVID always kind of throws a little bit of a wrench into things, but that's that's what we're shooting for at least Okay. Well before we get too deep in the conversation talking about whisper Palooza and the whisper shows in general For those of you who don't know Claude this is an excellent opportunity for him to introduce himself and if you would kind of give us some history of Your sort of work with whisper kind of what whispers doing and then from there We can just sort of lean on to lean into what these shows mean for the industry and whisper in itself Yeah, absolutely. Absolutely. So I think if you're if you're a wisp particularly a wisp in the United States You hopefully at least know who whisper is We're the association That was started by wisp represents the fixed wireless industry But I think as as our industry continues to grow and evolve I think we're we're so I think the way we kind of frame ourselves now is is we represent entrepreneurs and Innovators in in the broadband space. We've been around since about 2004 It's when we first got started The shows started happening a few years after that I was brought on board kind of mid 2018 after about a decade at the FCC to kind of really amp up our Advocacy and public affairs work at that whisper and I think I'm really proud to say that I think we've done a Not to to do our own horn, but I think we've done a pretty pretty good job We were doing some calculations last year and Just last year alone in terms of some of the advocacy victories we're able to have on behalf of whist We've generated over a billion dollars worth of value for for the industry in terms of government affairs wins so for a Relatively small player in in DC. I mean we're kind of we kind of are are the industry that we represent We were nimble. We're small. We're low budget But we get the job done at the end of the day So that's that's kind of a little bit who whisp is and then a little bit about about who I am and Where we are right now That's great I mean the advocacy efforts that you guys are doing are just fantastic and we're so much more effective than what we've been able to Do over the years and it's been super important with all the developments with things like CBRS And then the move to six gig when that eventually goes through fingers crossed You know soon soon soon that we keep hearing right so but you know those Sorry go ahead the I was actually just gonna jump in there It sounds like the FCC is gonna be taking up some stuff on six gig Next month so fingers crossed that that's good and we're engaging on that already very nice. No Fantastic, so you know and those are the big wins But there's so much other sort of smaller things in the background a lot of people don't really recognize or see a lot of That so I think it's important to share with your constituency You know these efforts and folks know, you know where their money is going for and where their efforts are going for So and of course whisper Palooza are either where the whisper shows are a great opportunity to do so so Good stuff. So these shows, you know, we're talking in this episode about these trade shows So, you know from a summary perspective, what do they mean for you? And what do they mean for whisper in terms of you know the the value that it brings to the industry the value that it Brings to whisper itself and then you personally, you know What are some of the highlights that you think are a big thing to point out here? Especially for those who haven't been to one of these shows. We've had a lot of new users We've talked to you recently With that are working with us and you know, there's gonna be a lot of first-time people Especially with it not being able to be in person last year. There's gonna be a lot of new faces So what would what would they expect to see on their first big whisper show? Yeah, so I think I'll take it a little bit in in reverse order and kind of the way that you mentioned it you know coming from The government background that that I did the folks that I tended to hear the most from and and I did hear from whisper a little bit But you tend to think of the the broadband industry as as the Comcasts the AT&T's the Verizon's like those are the broadband players They've been around for Since time immemorial And and they're huge but I showed up at it at a whisper show and and You go to the session that we usually have every single show which is like wisp one-on-one like how do you start a broadband business and and they're like 40 people in the room who have either just started an ISP or Or maybe like a year or two in and feel like they need to get some more education on On all of the nuts and bolts of being in the business and that was just amazing for me to see And to be able to get into that session and be like hey, this is what you need to know from from a government perspective From a business perspective from marketing We try to cover just about everything and that's just one of the hundreds of sessions that that we have I mean at the end of the day whispers a nonprofit and so that means we're we're mission-driven to to advance this industry and to do the best that we can to advocate for and educate This industry and a big way that we do that is through our two big trade shows whispers America in the spring And then the bigger one whisper Palooza in in the fall And the goal there is just to try to bring Everyone in the industry together to learn as much as they can within a short period of time about every single aspect of What it means to be running an ISP Whether it's from the latest developments in spectrum policy in DC to how do you manage HR to? How do you market your services? We try to cover a little bit of everything so And the best feedback that we get at the end of the day It is from new folks in the industry or even folks who've been in the industry for a while who we're like Oh my gosh, my head hurts after At a whisper show and it's not just because they've had a good time and stayed out a little bit too late But because they come back with so much knowledge about that they're looking to apply to their ISP to grow To do a better job serving their customers And that's just the education side We also try to bring bring along folks like yourselves here at RF elements have a big trade show floor So they can see the latest and greatest in gear And and just be able to see what kind of cutting-edge Services and equipment that they can put into to their business to make it better But I mean because at the end of the day, I think my goal for the organization is to help our members Make their lives a little bit easier and their businesses a little bit better And that's at the end of the day what we what we try to accomplish Regardless of what it is and we try to do a lot of that through the trade shows Well, that's I mean, that's definitely, you know, some of the big value of it for sure So and especially the sessions the sessions are so beneficial Especially when you're new and it's kind of funny I saw someone post the other day They're like, uh, I need to be in three places at one time Don't you pick up all these sessions are so much to learn and they're like I'll just bring bring more staff and he was like, but it's only me. So there's There's a lot of people in that position But it is great to see like, you know over the years I've been coming to these for a shoot However long they've been I've been, you know, wearing one hat or the other and it's been great to see where you know Used to be one guy and then over the years It's two or the next thing, you know, they walk up with a team They've got eight or ten folks there because they've grown and they're bringing everyone they can so, you know It's been great to watch not only the industry grows a whole but the individual companies and the friends that you've made over the years for sure So yeah, that's definitely a very exciting part for myself as well. Just like Caleb, you know, I've been to every whisper palooza I've may have worn different hats in attending there not always with RF elements But you're for sure to see the growth that, you know, whisper has had and more in detail in the actual Wisps themselves, right? You can see some of these small companies who have become much larger companies and just to watch all the growth Organically for a lot of this stuff is really exciting really exciting to see. Yeah, it really is and like I said I've been at this a lot less long than than either of y'all have in the space But it is really it's so exciting to see this and to see how Gosh, I think I just saw on Facebook the the other day someone was posting pictures from a whisper show ten years ago and The hair color looks a little bit different And so that was cool to see, you know That was like a single room event with a couple of table tops outside from some of the vendors Some of whom are still still around some of whom who aren't But then to come in and see a show that's several thousand strong With like a hundred vendors in booze on the show floor Just it is a testament to the fantastic work that this industry has done in Connecting the unconnected right because like you like you were saying it's it's because of the success of Whispers members and and the attendees at at the shows That that we are where we are are today and I mean the shows do drive a lot of revenue for Whisper which then gets plugged back into helping the industry further, but It's just awesome to see how far folks have come in in such a relatively short period of time in counting in ISP years, right? I think Caleb Caleb and I have started like dating ourselves pre or post POE, right? So where were you in the industry before POE was even around or after you know? Now we is everything right absolutely. Absolutely. Yeah, we're like at some point We're just gonna be sitting on our rocking chairs on the porch just shaking our fish kids don't know anything so But um, yeah, that's great So when I think about these shows, you know, I've always been on the exhibit side of things But you know, that's that's my big view and the adventure that is but you know, I think obviously from a Beneficial perspective, you know, you've got the sessions which you've talked about which are really important The exhibit hall is always a good time. A lot of folks don't realize that the exhibit hall doesn't really hard close in that middle session So if they're not in sessions, that's always a good opportunity where things kind of die down a little bit and come talk to us So, you know from a manufacturing perspective, the exhibit hall is great because you get to meet a lot of people Face-to-face and put names of faces and it's just so much easier to communicate, you know Two people talking versus online or over a video chat or something There's lots of opportunities sort of flex on the competition, you know, a little friendly flexing every now and then is good Do a little sneaking around do a little poking around Product launches, you know, in most weeks people normally do their product launches this time of year So we may have a little something something to show the the the folks out there, which will be fun. So and You know, the variety was really struck me over the last several shows is the variety of vendors that have come in so You know, like those old pictures you showed it used to just be, you know A handful of manufacturers and the distributors small setups and that's grown a lot but I think one of the big benefits of the exhibit hall floor that I've seen is the influx of accessory manufacturers and things like that and they're able to not only see how big You know that we are and take the industry as a whole a lot more serious But it's also an opportunity to reach people that they don't have good even reaches for so, you know things like Cable manufacturers jumper manufacturers things like cold shrink, you know a few years ago No one knew what cold shrink was in our industry and now everybody does because they came to a show and everyone's like this is super cool stuff even even services providers and stuff like that VoIP providers and You know network management providers and all these other Different types of software support services for running wisps as something you really didn't see Except for maybe just like the one management software that you know was kind of running the mill back in the day And now it's it's really exploded. It's really exploded Yeah, and I mean I have to really give a shout out to to Gary Hellmer's on on our staff because You know, it's not organic that all these folks show up and we try to think of I mean so for some of y'all I mean RF elements. You're there every time so fantastic. Love you. Thank you for showing up but we also try to say okay, what do we think would be the most beneficial to attendees to to show up or where are we lacking and Then try to say, hey, let's let's fill a niche there with like, oh my gosh VoIP is becoming a really big deal. Let's try to get some VoIP folks in in with booze so that our members and attendees can can talk to those folks so It takes a lot of work to put this all together And hopefully it doesn't look like a lot of work once folks are folks are there But yeah, big shout out to the wisp of staff for all the all the work that they do and putting these things together Yeah Definitely. Definitely. That's you know, like some of the I think the behind-the-scenes secret sauce stuff that you guys do is very You know important and people would really like to know about like, you know, I had no idea that that's what Gary did and and and you guys You know as whisper actually, you know Put time and effort into trying to bring in these different types of you know Sources and and different types of providers and what have you what other kind of things that you know Whisper does kind of behind-the-scenes that maybe you know, the industry doesn't know know about well, you know, I think And again, I said I came back from a from a background that didn't necessarily have large-scale events in it So just the amount of effort that goes into putting on one of these and the staff time that it takes to to answer questions and to just put together the the event website to negotiate with the venues to To do things like that. It's an incredible amount of work to just make this Happen and you know, I hear some from some folks like man, it's that's expensive And it's like well, that's because we have to pay for a lot of stuff on on our end as well And we try to keep our pricing pretty On the lower end of what we see other folks doing because we recognize look our our industry is are the entrepreneurs the innovators the bootstrapers We want to make sure it's cost-effective for folks to to attend but At at the end of the day It's all about trying to put together like I said that The inexperience for folks that's going to be beneficial to their business across the board Whether you're talking the sessions, whether you're talking about the after-hours stuff where you're talking about the exhibit hall and then also using it to To showcase the the best of our industry to folks who might not otherwise be familiar like Intentionally trying to bring in folks from government to see this because I mean that was talking to to an FCC commissioner that we had come in to one of the shows and And their comment was like wow, I never knew how big this industry was Because I mean kind of going back to what I was saying earlier like they hear from from the big guys all the time because they have the You know the 50 person lobbying shops that can hit hit those folks every single day of the week Whereas, you know, especially when I started it was just me just Running around trying to the only whisper staffer to try to meet with these folks. I know what that's like, but but just trying to that kind of exposure and saying like these These ISPs these vendors this is a big deal and these are the folks who are connecting The folks who you are most worried about connecting and providing competition in areas where you're most worried about having competition It just it's a multifaceted thing that we were trying to accomplish with with these shows both from Education and then as well as a public affairs standpoint, too Yeah, a lot of stuff going on that people don't realize and I think you're right I mean a lot of people seem to think that it's just some cookie cutter thing that you flip a switch pay some money and All this all these people come together and all these things happen and it's really not the case It takes it takes a lot of money a lot of time and a lot of energy and you guys have done a fantastic job of pulling it off What seems like practically flawless every time I'm not trying to you know, you know It seemed like love or anything like that. I mean, but honestly, it's it's a huge thing I have a very small understanding of what it's like to put these little things together And what you guys do is just it's incredible. It's incredible that it works every year so far Yeah, and again, I just have to say hats off to the WISPA staff and all of our contractors and everything Who come together to make this happen. It's a big part of what we do Just to try to help advance our industry. I know we changed our booth layout about three different times So sorry Gary But it's all that stuff, you know, you've got however many manufacturers and of course, you know They all think they're the biggest and baddest and need all this stuff So I mean, it's it's a lot of cats to wrangle for sure for sure. So One of the other things I want to talk about here is the training vendor training So there's a lot of good opportunity and you know, I think when folks are new to this They don't realize that there's a lot going on, you know the weekend before they just look look at the official hours Okay, Tuesday through Thursday or whatever it may be But don't realize that there are so many other opportunities for the vendor trainings and stuff. So What's your input on that? Yeah, I think that's that's a really good point Caleb and then it's one of the things that I think we Honestly could do a better job communicating because we advertise the trade show And those are the dates. This is the this is the room block. This is when you need to come But to your point, there's all these other folks Distributors manufacturers service providers who who provide Training and other things around the show in the days before the days after the evenings during And trying to keep track of that can can be It's own challenge in and of itself You know, I just saw saw a notice today about one of our distributors who is who is doing training on on Monday and you know That kind of is is interesting because we also have sessions there, but you know, that's Putting that aside there. There is a lot of that that that goes on and it changes Changes from show to show. There's some folks who show up there regularly And do it a lot of the distributors have some fantastic Very technical training stuff to the compliments some of the higher level stuff that we do At the show some of it's for a fee some of it's free But I would just encourage folks to who who are thinking of going to reach out to there The people they do business with be like, hey, have you got anything going on during during whisper blues? Because there there really is a lot and And like I said, it's it's it's before during and after And it it's great to see the the show grow to the point where We have all of this ancillary stuff that's going on Outside of it too. Again, it's just an indication of how how this industry has grown and gotten larger For sure for sure. So Yeah, the and I've done several sessions and everything and it's just a wonderful opportunity to be able to gather You know a big part of your customer base, which is typically spread very thin across the whole nation when they're in one City, it's like, hey, everybody. Come here. Let's let's jump on top of this. So But that sort of leads in too so You know a lot of times when people are new and they're like, well, what's what's the real benefits and you know Yeah, you've got the training. Yeah, you've got the sessions, which are super important Come to the exhibitors and stuff But I think if I had to summarize the the one most important thing that people can gain from the shows Honestly, it's the networking side of things, you know Being able to meet people that are in your same position Have lived your same pains and can I kind of understand where you're coming from and What I would say is commiserate and celebrate, right? So, you know The set of problems that a lot of these folks are relatively unique And they probably don't really have a lot of they can share with in their peer group Whether it be a side job or their family or church or something like that. So Um, I think it's a really good opportunity for people to meet and learn from each other And that's that's so important. Yeah, I wholeheartedly agree and that's In addition to some of the other things that's the official programming That's some of the value that that we really see folks Talk about Over and over is is just the ability to sit down with somebody and say like, hey, this is my problem and Then it's like no way I solved that problem just a year ago Here's how I did it That's one of the things that's really cool about This segment of the industry that I've found is not necessarily the same across other telecom sectors is just the willingness to share information And knowledge and to just help each other out. I mean you see that In times of the natural disasters where you'll see wisps in an area come and help help a fellow wisp rebuild their network that kind of that same ethos come comes across in in the events as well where People are so willing to share. Hey You want to learn how to do a little bit of fiber? This is how I got into it. This is what you need to buy this is Don't do the drop this way do it this way Or from and then that's just one example But just the the networking the the knowledge gathering at the bar after the sessions are over Is just a huge compliment to To what we see going on in the official side of of the show as well Yeah, I think that's something that's really kind of underrated and and not really Thought about when people consider, you know, what do I get out of wispo? Why should I join and for me that the social networking and Putting a you know a face to a voice or an email That's one of the the greatest things about these shows that that I really enjoy And like you said you you actually create a kind of a brotherhood and sisterhood of wisps and people who are willing to work And you know, it wasn't too long ago that the the wisp industry was somewhat fragmented in that case and Every wisps or every other wisp as you know their competitor and blah blah blah and now I think the industry is starting to realize that you know, we're much stronger together And uh, you know, again if we can kind of come in and and work together You know, we really have let's say another, you know, enemy You know that that we really have to we have to to work together in order to you know Bridge set divide and and and really put up a united front and yeah, you know The disaster recovery stuff the way wisps just you know selflessly go in there and and donate their time their employees Their equipment and all these other things to try and help out a wisp that you know might be in a whole other state Never mind, you know one county over or something like that is it's quite amazing And and I've I've you know, I've never seen anything like that either and you certainly don't see that In the in the binker companies that are out there So yeah, it's very unique and something that's extremely valuable to I think anybody who's considering joining wispa that alone is Speaks, you know mounds for you know, what you get out of it. Yeah, I and I agree I mean, that's one of the messages that I always try to Uh get across to folks in the industry who are saying well to your point to us It's like well, why why should I join wispa? It's it's the community. It's a whole host of other benefits I mean one of the big ones that folks like to use a lot is the discounts on the events But we're also standing up a lot of other stuff in terms of education outside of the events Uh regulatory guidance documents technical reports on spectrum Health insurance discount programs all sorts of things that you get access to Uh, but I think that at the heart it's it's the community, right? It's I hear sometimes from from wisps who who are kind of on the outside looking in and say well, you know, I would really join wispa if if you did this and You know, I understand that and and it's always good feedback for me when we're trying to think of Okay, well, what's the next big thing that that we can do as an organization to better support the the entirety of the industry But at the end of the day, we're we're stronger together. Uh, and if you end up joining That gives us more resources and and more know-how to be able to do the next big thing because I hear sometimes from folks who say well, you know, we we would like wispa to do this But at the end of the day, we all are wispa Wispa it is not just the wispa staff. It is every single member And every single employee at all of those members and all the things that they bring to the table and If we're able to leverage all of that collectively as as an industry All those resources on all of that know-how Man, uh, what what we can accomplish and we're start and we're seeing that right like it's a lot of these volunteers who have a great idea and and and the willingness to get it done Uh, I think of like the folks who volunteer for our agenda committee kind of coming back to the shows It's it's a group of operators that come up with the sessions in in consultation with the the wispa staff, but it it really is The quality of the content at the shows is driven by Wispa members themselves. So the the more people we get in The stronger we are as a whole industry. It's very well put, you know, you you keep up explaining things like that Someone might actually let you run the place for a bit. So fingers crossed You're like, oh, no, no So no, that's great info. So I think the last couple things here, um Those that maybe went to the show in dallas earlier this year the wispa america Um, and haven't been to the wispa palooza show in vegas What would you summarize as being the major differences between those two shows? Sure. So the wispa america one tends has historically tended to be a little bit more Uh, technical a little bit more focused on the nuts and bolts of of running a network Uh, and and wispa palooza has just a little bit more well-rounded contents that that goes beyond just purely uh, you know What what radios and antennas should you use what what's the difference between uh using poe and not using poe for To go back to our earlier conversation um And wispa palooza is just generally larger, right? So Uh, wispa america is about half the size in terms of attendees and exhibitors as wispa palooza. So It wispa america is a little bit more of a boutique feel. It's a little bit smaller show maybe a little bit better opportunity to To spend a little bit more quality time with with a couple of your friends wispa palooza is just It's huge By by comparisons about two two three times the size of of wispa america So and we also have a couple of additional pieces of programming We have like a co roundtable for chief executives at all of the at all of the isPs that attend to talk about their Problems what they're seeing coming down the pike As well as a like a cto roundtable as well So there's like a couple different pieces of programming that we offer at wispa palooza just by virtue of having More space and more time Uh, but it's definitely the what the bigger of the two shows and and that means there's there's a lot more to see And do and as you also mentioned that where a lot of the manufacturers will tend to time some of their product launches to to also get that out there to to the bigger audience So those are a couple of the couple of differences between the two events Yeah, that's that's very well put, you know the vega shows You know, I think are a little bit more fun from a socialization and networking perspective But that's always been sort of the side that we're on you know, providing our business and there's a lot of uh distractions In vegas, I'm just leaving it at that. So, you know, if just a few a few flashing lights and things like that.  Let's go out here as a group and then they can focus on having a good time You can focus on the business side or whatever that is So, you know, I always try to tell people if you can make it to both certainly do Uh, it is flexible with the spring show because it does move around a different location Whereas this one's always in the vegas show is always the vegas show. So, uh, we are in a new venue this year though So that's exciting. We are We are For the for the small number of folks who were able to show up in in 2020 You got a little bit of a preview. Oh, yeah toss this was there But it's it's at the paris and valleys this year. So on the strip, uh, new new premier location Uh, which we're super excited about it's uh Yeah, it's it's it's gonna be it's gonna be fun. Uh, we got a lot more space and The the digs are a little bit better than at the rio. So looking forward to that as well No comment. No comment. So yeah, moving on next next subject. Let's go So now as always it seems like every vegas trade show no matter whether this industry or the others That the hotel room is always about seven or eight thousand feet away from where the exhibit hall is So, I don't know if that's the case this time or not. You know, it's it's actually a little bit closer Uh, the We actually our event staff went and walked it out and it's closer than it was at the at the rio So you can depending on whether that's a good or bad thing from your perspective If you're trying to get exercise Sorry, you might have to do a little bit of a workout on on the other side But if you're if you're trying to if you're going for ease of uh of getting to where you need to go This is this is where you need to be Yeah, I guess I'll be less people renting those little rascals and stuff that they always see at the shows Little motorized carts to drive around this year Yep. Yep. Yes indeed. It was always the fun planning. All right. We're gonna go to dinner. Well, I gotta go change shirts for quick I'll be right back and you're like, well, that's a 45 minute journey. So Oh Good times good times so And then I think of course, you know coming up to wrap this up The whole cova situation is obviously you know a big question in everyone's mind You know, and we know it's an extremely dynamic scenario, you know, it's changing constantly But you know, I think we're we're really lucky that we were able to have the show in person this year at all I'm really looking forward to that Is there anything you want to speak to in terms of some of the precautions or do ease people's concerns? They may have Sure. So yeah, I mean it is absolutely something that we have spent a lot of extra cycles Thinking through dealing with Uh, it is a little bit challenging because some the situation tends to change on a pretty regular basis so I mean we've put in place a pretty significant laundry list of precautions that we're taking from copious hand sanitizer to some Some cleaning methods that we're asking the event staff to use to Trying to give folks a little bit more space than they may have in the past and then on top of that We're following all of the All of the state's local venue guidelines which Will will hopefully set some folks at ease but uh We're we're committed to having an in-person event For all the reasons that that we we talked about right, it's the I think we've all found out over the course of the past year and a half that nothing really beats in person networking chatting Sharing of of information and I think a lot of us have been At least some of the folks on the more extroverted side of things have felt felt a little bit Left out there if you're just happy at sitting at your computer pounding away all day long then Maybe you've been doing really well, but for folks like myself and For some of the folks on the sales staff at some of our our vendors. I know it's been pretty hard But at the end of the day, we're committed to having a fun and safe events We we're likely going to to see We're we're going to send out a No before you go kind of email a little bit closer to Just because so many of these Requirements tend to be in flux To kind of give people an expectation of what to expect I mean currently the the gaming commission is requiring venues to have have masks for in-person event That's likely going to hold that could change But that's that's where we are right now There's a lot of stuff that's still still in flux, but we're we're committed to Communicating as much as we know when we know it's And and trying to have a Fantastically fun event but also a safe one and thankfully we've we've had experience doing this right so we had a small event in October of last year No known COVID transmission through that one same thing for a spring event there So whatever we've been doing so far seems to have have been working Which gives us a lot of confidence going into this this event in the fall that we'll be able to Pull off something that everybody can feel comfortable with But also can folks can have a lot of fun Oh, that's great. So I will say the Based on how the crowd was feeling the wisp of America like there was a lot of people that were very excited to be out I think there's going to be a lot more of that this year So I think the the energy is going to be there and we've got some new folks that look like they're gonna be coming out with This this time So we're like, you know, you might want to prepare like hydrate get some vitamins because it's People are excited. So that's that's always a good thing. Definitely Well, that sort of fills out my little list of bullet points that, you know, main topics we wanted to hit Claude, is there anything else that you want to cover or bring up or anything like that? No, this has been fantastic Thank you all for both both for having me on and chatting about the the events and what what wisp it does and I try to be as accessible as possible for for all of our members So I share my phone number and email address pretty regularly So if you have thoughts or want to reach out about just about anything, give me a shout All right, man. Well, we really appreciate your time, especially It's kind of gamble for you. This is a relatively new setup for us So maybe not real sure what you're rocking into but uh, we'll we'll send you a copy of this before we post it So you can check it out and make sure that we just don't totally just botch everything. So Judging by the intro graphics. I mean, I think y'all are Clearly a very slick and professional operation here. So Well A production is great. There's two yapping fools in the middle that we're still working on but We'll see what we can do about that So, all right, we'll appreciate it and uh, have a good one Claude. All right. Have a good one y'all. Thanks for having me Thanks Claude. Bye Bye All right. Well, that was great conversation. Claude's always, you know, good to talk to you're really informed and Really, you know lives for what wispa is and what these shows are and everything else So it was great that we were able to talk to him. So pump. Yeah. Yeah, definitely definitely.  So it's really really cool. I think for the User base out there and all the wisps to kind of, you know, just get a feel for himself, you know Yeah, and he really is approachable like he said, you know during the conversation, you know He'll throw throw his contact info out there and you know, we've always had great experience So so good times. Good times. Well, yeah, definitely Let's look at wrapping this up. You got anything you're looking forward to this weekend.  I'm just waiting. I'm kind of like in limbo right now You know, uh, I I really want this cool to get here where we're at actually our peak Which I really shouldn't complain because you know, Texas is usually like a month and a half of a 100 plus degrees and stuff like that And we have like today tomorrow and the next day. I think to like Monday. We're in the hundreds again For a very brief period and I think the cooldowns coming after that. So so really I'm kind of in limbo I rather just like sit in the ac and wait for summer to be over and then Start thinking about you know weekends outside and stuff like that Very cool. Very cool. Yep. So It'll be really nice here this weekend and you still have like a decent amount of sunlight Which is really cool. So like I said, favorite time of year for sure. So All right guys, well, it's time to go. So if you would please download listen Like and subscribe to the podcast and more importantly, let us know what you think we need your feedback So we know where to take this thing So any sort of feedback is greatly appreciated for super easy to find you can find us on our rf elements user groups We're all over the whist forums Uh, also kaleb at rf elements.com toss us at rf elements.com super easy to track us down. So Until then toss you got anything else you want to say? No, that's it man.