So welcome to the second lecture of fourth module. So as part of the previous lecture, we were trying to get a grip on the fundamentals of radar remote sensing and in this part of the lecture, we shall examine the various applications of radar remote sensing in hydrology. See quantifying the terrestrial water budget, it is very crucial to understand the various earth system processes and we know that the terrestrial water budget is mainly composed of the fluxes of precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, the changes in water stored at the earth surface delta S and they are related using this following equation. Now terrestrial water changes are represented through terrestrial water budget, again which is a function of precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff, recent as well as operational satellite missions have quantified these components either individually, independently or as an aggregate at various spatiotemporal scales, microwave remote sensing enables measuring each component of the terrestrial water storage at global scales. So what we will do is through this lecture, we shall try to understand one by one about the different applications of radar remote sensing beginning with the estimation of precipitation, okay. So all of us know how precipitation is formed, is not it? At higher altitudes of the atmosphere where the temperature is colder than that at the land surface, the water vapor condenses into tiny liquid water droplets. Now these cloud droplets, they tend to join together, they combine together to form heavier cloud drops and as they become heavy, they are no longer able to float and hence they begin to fall to the earth as precipitation or hail or snowfall, all being different forms of precipitation. So even gallons of water can fall from the sky in a small but intense storm and we all know that precipitation does not occur in the same amounts throughout the world. There are variations, variations in the intensity of precipitation within a country even within a city, is not it? A slightly more technical definition of precipitation is as a crucial variable driving the atmosphere's general circulation through latent heat release. So let us try to understand what are the different ways in which precipitation can be estimated from radar remote sensing. Now what you see here is a small sketch wherein x axis represents the time, y axis represents the rainfall say it is in millimeter per hour and precipitation values occurring at a time t over an area A is of interest, you know we are interested in measuring the precipitation that occurs at a particular instant of time over an area. Now you can see that the arrows shown here are the specific time intervals at which observations are being made and these observations can be from satellite bond radars or Doppler weather radars, you know the instant of time at which observation is made is different from the actual time of occurrence of the event. Now instantaneous rainfall rates occurring both in space and time when integrated they give us the space time average of rainfall rate, is not it? It is also known as the area time integral of rainfall. I can express it in the form of a small relationship say RAT refers to the area time integrated rainfall, I can write it as 1 upon at integral 0 to t, integral 0 to a small r x, t dx dt. So here small r x, t this is the instantaneous rainfall rate and then we are integrating it to get the space time average of rainfall rate. See the measurement scale of precipitation as such is a very interesting topic of discussion because a satellite bond radar scans the atmosphere vertically while a Doppler weather radar scans the atmosphere horizontally and there is a fundamental difference between satellite and radar remotely sensed observation of precipitation and those which are measured directly using the rain gauges. While satellites and radars they measure rainfall as a space integral at a given instance in time, rain gauges on the other hand they measure rainfall as a time integral of rain at a particular location. So let me repeat, I am talking about measuring precipitation using rain gauges in situ rain gauges as that set by the Indian meteorological department and measuring rainfall using Doppler weather radars which are also ground waste as well as measuring precipitation using radars onboard satellites. And I am telling you that there is a fundamental difference between the satellite and radar remotely sensed observation of precipitation which means the way satellite radar sees and measures precipitation is different from the way rain gauges measure precipitation which again is different from the way Doppler weather radars are measuring precipitation. While satellites and Doppler weather radars they measure rainfall as a space integral at a given instance in time, rain gauges on the other hand they measure rainfall as a time integral of rainfall at a particular location, okay. Now let us try to discuss in detail about satellite bond radars used for measuring precipitation. So in the last two decades, microwave based precipitation products have taken unprecedented satellite images of the earth's weather and they have proved to be a valuable tool for quantitative estimation of precipitation from space. And along with the widespread acceptance of microwave based precipitation products, it has also been recognized that they contain large uncertainties, okay. Which means quantitatively using these rainfall products for various scientific and hydrologic applications it requires them to be accompanied with an error estimate. We need to know how reliable is the precipitation product that we get from Doppler weather radars or satellite bond radars. In this context, we can discuss about satellite based remote sensing of precipitation because let me re-itrate satellites don't continuously look at a precipitation event because they scan and then their temporal resolution is different which means they can give you instantaneous measurement of rainfall at certain instance of time. They are not continuously looking at the same rainfall event but they are giving us the precipitation values at an instant of time that is why I have written small rx, t that is the rain rate at a point x in time t. And always when we are trying to derive precipitation from satellites, we take the accumulation integration of rainfall that has occurred over a particular region throughout the time period. So the instantaneous rain rate at a time t averaged over an area A is what is given by a satellite radar. You know I am just trying to explain the orbital data of a satellite because you know when the satellite is looking down on the earth it doesn't see the entire tropical region in one go. It is going to travel a particular path, remember there is always relative motion the earth is also rotating, the satellite is also travelling in the orbit. So a particular orbital path will be covered by a satellite and then this orbital path is getting repeated to finally give us the precipitation images that we can use for our applications. So what you see here the sample orbital data of GPM mission as captured on 4th Jan 2016 what you see in blue gives us the precipitation in millimeter per hour. So just to reiterate because this concept is important, what you see here is the rainfall at a point x accumulated during time t and what you see here is the instantaneous rain rate at a time t averaged over an area A both are different. And we do have the concept of area time integral of rainfall that we discussed. So with this background let us try to understand a few radars in space that are dedicated to the measurement of precipitation. We have TRMM that is Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. So the TRMM or Trim Satellite it was launched into a near circular orbit and it is a joint mission between NASA of the United States and the National Space Development Agency of Japan and Trim Satellite it studies the variability of precipitation in the tropical region using a suite of instruments namely the passive sensor called as Trim Microwave Imager TMI and the active sensor known as precipitation radar abbreviated as PR. So precipitation radar is capable of giving us a 3 dimensional structure of rainfall and the details about precipitation radar are summarized here. It operates in the KU band, it has a horizontal resolution of 4.3 kilometers in nadir, vertical resolution of 0.25 kilometers, observable range is given and the sensitivity is given that is 0.7 millimeter per hour alright and the Trim precipitation radar it is also known as the first rain radar in space. It helps us to quantitatively measure the precipitation over land as well as ocean okay, Trim Precipitation radar and as I mentioned earlier the TRMM satellite themselves it has 5 different sensors, one among them is precipitation radar but the other sensors are Trim Microwave Imager which we will discuss in the next module and in addition we also have the visible and infrared scanner, the lightning imaging sensor and so on. Now there are different data products that can be generated from Trim you know different data products. We have the level 1 radiances and the level 2 instantaneous geophysical parameters and the level 3 data which consists of the gridded Trim precipitation data products. We also have the quarter degree products from Trim and other satellites. So right now let us try to understand the different rainfall types. So if you are more interested I would suggest you to have a look at this paper. Both the precipitation can be broadly classified into two different types. One is known as convective precipitation and the other is known as stratiform precipitation. So the difference is between both the types of precipitation are given in the screen in front of you. Whenever I say convective precipitation I am referring to higher rainfall rates higher than 5 millimeter per hour and I am referring to small but intense horizontally inhomogeneous radar echo, small intense horizontally inhomogeneous radar echo. The second broad classification of tropical precipitation is stratiform precipitation, stratiform which consists of low rain rates which are lesser than 5 millimeter per hour. At the same time it consists of widespread horizontally homogenous radar echo, convective stratiform. Whenever we try to learn more about the radar based precipitation from satellite we always try to make a distinction between convective precipitation as well as stratiform precipitation. Alright, in this context let me also introduce the global precipitation measurement mission GPM that is dedicated to the measurement of precipitation. It has a dual frequency precipitation radar which is abbreviated as DPR, it has a spatial resolution of 5 kilometers and GPM is a low earth orbiting satellite, it was developed as an improvement on the trim data in numerous ways. Now although GPM has only 2 instruments versus the 5 instruments on trim they are giving us valuable sources of information which is why we have included it as part of our lecture. So there is a radiometer which we will be discussing as part of our next module but for this module we will focus our discussions on the GPM dual frequency precipitation radar, another radar in space dedicated for the measurement of precipitation. So GPM as such it has DPR as well as GPM microwave image which is a radiometer that operates in the concept of passive microwave remote sensing. They are some of the most advanced algorithms that employ the use of GPM data to estimate quantified precipitation from space and at this point let me mention that DPR is the only dual frequency radar in space and it is capable to give us the three dimensional profiles and intensities of precipitation ranging from rain to snow and ice, different forms of precipitation. What you see in front of you is showing you the liquid precipitation rate as well as the frozen precipitation rate from iMark. Now satellite based precipitation from active and passive microwave remote sensing because they have also resulted in multi-satellite precipitation products and these multi-satellite precipitation products you know they range from different satellite systems and gauge data all of them have been combined to one single best estimate. For trim satellite we have something known as the TRMM multi-satellite precipitation data abbreviated as TMPA. Similarly, what you see here shows you the iMark data product a sample data is being shown on screen. So let me write it down the iMark it stands for integrated multi-satellite retrievals for GPM which combines the information from the GPM satellite constellation to estimate precipitation globally over the Earth's surface. So remember GPM is not a single satellite it is a constellation of satellite. So more details about these can be found in the link of GPM. To a case study let us try to understand how satellite based precipitation products can be evaluated in hydrology. At this point let me try to also introduce the contingency table statistics to you you know because assume you have a precipitation data from say Indian meteorological department rain gauges that have been regraded to say quarter degree spatial resolution and daily temporal resolution which means you have an image of precipitation values for every day at 0.25 by 0.25 degree spatial resolution over India and say you have the data for multiple number of years one map per day. Similarly imagine you have the precipitation data from satellite based radars in a similar manner that is quarter degree spatial resolution and say daily temporal resolution. So how do you estimate the accuracy of the satellite based products which means you need to have a reference product that is the Indian meteorological department data rainfall data that can be used as a reference whereas you can compare the satellite based data with respect to the reference data. Now how to do this comparison that is where contingency table statistics finds its importance. So let me try to write it down ok. Say you want to estimate the rainfall that is correctly estimated from the IMD gauges as well as from the satellites and you want to write it down, tabulate it in the form of a contingency matrix. It is going to have just two possibilities isn't it either yes or no. So we call it as dichotomous classification, a classification which has just two probabilities either 0 or unity and such classification are tabulated in the form of a contingency matrix and you can derive various indices, various metrics from this contingency table. So the result of a categorical estimate can be expressed in the form of a 2 cross 2 contingency table, 2 cross 2 ok. Say for example you want to estimate the rainfall that is judged by precipitation radar ok. Say no rainfall that is just judged by precipitation radar and say the rainfall that is judged by TMI and no rain judged by TMI. Say these are your elements of a contingency table. So let me draw and give it the shape of a proper table. These are the four values that belong to the contingency table. Say I am going to name it as A, B, C and D. The elements of the table denote the number of positive estimates that is hits, positive estimates and the number of events with a negative estimate that is B, number of positive estimates that were not accompanied by an event that is false alarms C and the number of negative estimates that did not have any associated events B. Let me repeat what you see here is the rain that is judged by say precipitation radar. No rain judged by precipitation radar. Say I want to compare the rainfall measurements from precipitation radar with the radiometer TMI, TRMM microwave imager. So this is rain judged by TMI and R is no rain judged by TMI. The elements of a contingency table it is going to be I am going to write it as A, B, C and D. Now let us try to understand what each element is. A is the number of positive estimates we call it as hits where we are also says it has rained A number of times, TMI also says it has rained A number of times hits the number of positive estimates. B is nothing but the number of events with a negative estimate, we call it as misses, you know PR says it has rained but then TMI is not of the same opinion. The number of events with a negative estimate. Now the number of positive estimates that were not accompanied by an event is known as C, the number of positive estimates which were not accompanied by an event is C and the number of negative estimates that did not have any associated events is D, okay. And using the contingency table statistics we can derive different metrics, different metrics like the probability of detection popularly abbreviated as POD, the probability of detection, it is given by the expression A by A plus C. It is nothing but the likelihood that an event would be estimated given that it occurred, okay. Likelihood that an event would be estimated given that it occurred and the probability of detection POD values range from 0 to 1, okay. Probability of detection, similarly we can have another metric that is computed from the contingency table known as false alarm ratio abbreviated as FAR, false alarm ratio. Now FAR is an element of the conditional distribution of events given the estimate and FAR ranges from 0 to 1 with 0 being the ideal score, no false alarm, 0, okay. It is given by the expression B by A plus B, okay. Now when I say A and B I am referring to the contingency table which was written in the previous slide, okay. Now we also have some metrics from the extended contingency table. Now while contingency table metrics they give information regarding the hit, miss or false estimates. They have a slight disadvantage because they do not shed any light on the bias and errors in the magnitude of the variable observed. So the commonly used categorical metrics can be extended to volumetric measures. So as to decompose the total error or bias with respect to their volumetric error components. Now in this context similar to probability of detection we can have something known as a volumetric hit index that is the volume of correctly detected rainfall, okay. When it is probability of detection it is the number of times the rainfall was detected whereas when we say volumetric hit index it is the volume of correctly detected rainfall. Similarly we can also have the volumetric false alarm ratio which is the volume of false rainfall above a threshold that has been detected. Once again I am going to represent the contingency table for clarity. We have the event occurred from the reference, the event occurred from the observation, okay. So the reference can be data from India Meteorological Department gauges and the observations can be the rainfall that is observed from satellite based radars. You can see hits written here wherein both reference as well as observation agree on yes, okay. Now when the reference says no but observation says yes we call it as false. When the reference says yes, observation says no it is miss, okay. The number of missed rainfall events and of course when both say no it is contributing to a null event. Once again we can have different metrics I have explained just two but we can have different metrics that can be generated from a contingency table like we can have probability of detection. Now it will be more clear it is H by H plus M, okay probability of detection. We can have false alarm ratio which is F by H plus F. We can have the miss rate and critical success index similarly we can have an extended contingency table wherein the volume of rainfall is given, okay. In the previous case the number of events are only counted. In the volumetric indices the volume of rainfall is also counted and if you are more interested to know about these indices I would suggest you have a look at this paper, okay. So here OBS refers to observed rainfall which is from the satellite based radar and REF refers to the reference rainfall from IMD rain gauges, T is the time threshold, okay. They are direct extensions of probability of detection as volumetric hit index, a direct extension of false alarm ratio is volumetric false alarm ratio and so on, okay. So we started with an example that I give you two data sets, one from the IMD rain gauges and one from the satellite based radars and then you are given the task of comparing the satellite based precipitation with the reference data set to say the quality of rainfall that is coming out from the radar. So let me show you sample results obtained. So what we did is we compared the IMD precipitation product with the IMD precipitation product for the Indian summer monsoonal months of June, July, August, September from year 2008 to year 2015 and what you see here is the bias towards your left side, okay, bias whether it is over estimating or under estimating that is the information you get from bias and the probability of detection is shown in the figure, central figure probability of detection and the volumetric hit index is shown in the figure towards the right side, okay. Similarly, I can have diagrams that give you the false alarm ratio, okay, false alarm ratio, volumetric false alarm ratio and the categorical miss, again the data from IMD as well as IMD precipitation for the June, July, August, September months were used from year 2008 to 2015. So when you make these comparisons, please be aware of the density of IMD rain gauges because the gauges are less dense over the Kashmir region, so which is why the large amount of masses are obtained in the Kashmir region. So just be aware that the India Meteorological Department if you visit their website, they give you the location of rain gauge stations and from this data, a graded precipitation product is created and available to us for using and what we have done in this study is we have just taken the graded product and used it for analyzing the IMR precipitation product, okay. So in this part of the lecture what we did is we started to understand the applications of radar remote sensing and hydrology and we were discussing specifically about one of the applications that is estimation of precipitation from space and we also discussed a few metrics based on contingency table that can be used for comparative evaluation of the satellite based precipitation and the reference precipitation. Now hoping that you could understand what was being discussed and I shall see you in the next class. Thank you.


Yeah. So Tito says, hello all, I'm looking for a holistic approach to secure my Azure backends like App Services and Function Apps by secure. I mean control what we can talk to these services and how. I looked into securing back-end services with API M, but that doesn't prevent me from going directly to the back-end around API M. I know you had put some comments in there and you want to. I got comments. Yeah. So for me, it was more about the scenario. The API management front-end is going to offer an ability to do a whole bunch of things, manage and control, provide essentially an access point for multiple APIs, and you can secure them and control the access to them. However, it is in many respects, it is just an odd choice, but it is a pulling together of those APIs from different locations. So it basically provides a consolidated view of where they are. Those APIs still exist in the original locations. So is the concern here that he's trying to control the access to those APIs from external users, or is it just that he can hit them up internally? If you can hit them up internally, that may not necessarily be an issue. But if he's real concern is, I only want things to go through the management API, then there's things you can do in terms of controlling some of the simple Azure security scenarios, like network security groups around the location of where the APIs hosted. Those kind of things are elements you can do. I think we need a little bit more of a bigger picture about what his concern is, about why he can do that, and what he's trying to protect it from. Yeah, I would agree with Neil 100 percent on this because really the more information on this, this really gets into a lot of different areas around the API security. There are multiple ways that you can handle, like Neil had described, and it really focuses on, again, as he said, internal and external. But what is his overall goal? I mean, he mentions that he wants to control what can talk to these services and how, but we need more information because it depends on the service as well, and how that service is being addressed. If it's being addressed externally, if it's being addressed only by a certain vNet, if it's only isolated to a specific Azure group or any time of RBAC that lays behind the application, so there are a bunch of questions. I feel personally that this is something that might take a little while to feel out, but at the same time, I think that if we understood it a little bit better, we might be able to get a better answer around what he's looking for.


We're moving ahead this morning It's my pleasure to introduce Dr. Jen Hastings Well that got your attention Jen Hastings wears many hats in our community and we were extremely appreciative when Jen accepted a position on the symposium planning committee Today Jen is representing the health improved from partnership of Santa Cruz County and she's here to make a special presentation Please join me in welcoming Jen Thank you so much. I I wish I was not having to give this honor today because we've had the pleasure since 2013 I think of having an extraordinary human being as our director of psychiatry and also director of our Drug Medi-Cal organized delivery system where we're trying to bring together behavior health That is mental health and substance use so we have had the honor of working with Vanessa de la Cruz Once you start walking up because we only have a few minutes So Vanessa isn't is just you know for those of you who've had the pleasure of working with her a warm compassionate brilliant Human being who has brought all those things to us in Santa Cruz County.  Thank you for your extraordinary contribution To to the health and well-being of Santa Cruz County and we have some flowers from the SAFAR X and health improvement partnership We will really miss you Thank you so much Jen and Julie and everybody working here for the past six and a half years It's just been an amazing experience. I've learned so much I'm leaving I live in San Mateo County in Menlo Park, and I've been driving an hour each way And I have a teenager and another a 13 year old a 16 year old a 10 year old and all those things We just heard about this morning are kind of going on at my house So I found a job that's closer to home 20 minutes from my house, but it was an extremely difficult decision To be leaving Santa Cruz County and this amazing community this amazing medical community and this amazing behavioral health Community, I definitely want to stay connected because I know I'm gonna miss it so much. So thank you. Thank you so much


Hey there friends, thanks for checking in today We're going to discuss four handguns that completely let me down in a big way These are handguns that I wanted to keep and enjoy for years and a couple of them started out great But over time they just didn't work out So let's take a look the greatest disappointment I had was from a Smith & Wesson performance center model 19 carry comp K frame revolver with a three inch barrel The features are great. It has a compensator on the end of the barrel that decreases the recoil It has a tritium front dot a Adjustable rear sight rosewood grips beautiful looking revolver and when it shot it was a great revolver But what happened was the trigger locked factory loads It was off-camera the trigger just locked the hammer was locked if I release the cylinder a little bit that would That would unlock the trigger, but this revolver clearly had a problem, and I'm not a gunsmith I don't know how to Hey, I don't have springs laying around. I don't have a bunch of parts laying around where I could Get it all working right and say oh I fixed it It was something that was foreign to me the trigger locked up I've never had this happen on any revolvers that I owned I was so excited to get this revolver Loved the rosewood grips loved the way it looked loved the way it shot when it shot So what happened was I contacted Smith & Wesson said hey, I've got this problem here. It was off through email I was totally ghosted, and I figured for a revolver of this quality and this price That it should perform a little better, but I wanted to give them a chance to fix it That's the fair thing to do and I was ghosted and I did not receive a Contact back it was Disappointing to me and I eventually just sent it back to them and said here you deal with it And it was a disappointment for me This was the revolver that I wanted to hold on for a long time It was the revolver that I felt met all my needs You know I love that compensator on the end and I thought it really did decrease recoil But the way this performed for a performance center it was a performance let down and I was so disappointed that I Could not I could not wait to get it that I could not wait to get rid of it and Smith & Wesson's quality control has really dropped in my opinion, and that's why I'm down on them And I know for fact I'm not the only one that feels that way This has been going on for a while, and I think they really need to clean up their act I've always appreciated sky for making decent handguns at budget prices It hits that market where people want a handgun, but they don't want to pay a lot of money They may just be getting into this and they decided to go with the sky and I've had decent luck But when they came out with the DVG one David versus Goliath I was excited that came out with their first Striker fire hang on opposed to the hammer fire with the long trigger pull a flat trigger and a ten-round magazine and I thought it was cool, and I wanted to get a hold of one Well, I got a hold of this and it was a bit disappointing first off the trigger measures right at six and a half pounds Sky says it's a five and a half pound trigger. All right, whatever the sights were off to the left a little bit All right, I can live with that too. They are adjustable But what I can't live with and what really bothers me is that the slide will not lock back Even if I force it back like that it won't lock back you can see a big gap right there and 95% of the time when a sky handgun has issues It's with the magazine and I wish sky would make the investment possibly work with Metgar to make better magazines because I think guns function fine It's just that the magazines are most of the issues that I have seen and experienced And I think it is with this now if I push this up You can see the big gap there if I push it up with my pinky there It'll lock back. I wanted to love this handgun I just don't because of this issue now on occasion at the range it will lock back but sometimes it doesn't either and Some may say it's a minor issue, but I don't think so. You know, it's Something that we rely on for mag changes. So that's my beef with the DVG one. Maybe I got a lemon, but That's what I'm talking about today. It just doesn't function the way it should. I'm a huge fan of Beretta I love the Beretta handguns. They do a great job. There's no question about that And I was super excited when they came out with the APX line I had a couple shot some friends and they all performed really well and I picked up the Beretta APX carry the little subcompact 9 millimeter that was great when I first got it it fired excellent I was like this thing is awesome. I love this and many people said well That's just a nano rebranded and I said no, no, this one's actually better. It does this it does that Well, it sat in a safe for a little while I took it back to the range and I had nothing but light primer strikes people said well You should have cleaned out the striker channel. You should have done this You should have done that perhaps that's true But if a gun is considered a carry gun, which this is then I think if it sits for a little while It's gonna sit in the holster. That's for sure You know until you actually need it or you decide to take it to the range The light primer strikes were excessive to a point where I had zero confidence in the gun now The other APX that I have owned and that I currently own have performed great So I'm not down on the entire Beretta APX line and I'm not down on Beretta But the way the APX carry performed when I took it to the range. I lost all confidence in it. I Changed up the ammo. I tried it with other guns that same ammo and it worked fine with Other handguns when I put it back into the Beretta APX carry. It was flawed. It was horrible So I contacted Beretta had a little issue with their customer service Okay, it was during COVID time and everything else But that was another gun I could not wait to get rid of because when you lose confidence on a Gun that is supposed to be a carry gun Then that's an issue and there is no way you could carry that or even think that It's going to perform reliable in the future with such a background as Continuous light primer strikes. I often consider this star BM9 a mini high power similar controls steel frame Has a four inch barrel similar takedown Single stack mag and it's it's a nice handgun when it works the problem I had with this and it started out great. I was raving about this. I was saying people are picking this up for 200 bucks It's a steel for the everything that it offers with the metal handgun accurate shooting Military surplus never in the hands of the civilians. It's a Spanish gun but I had Ejection issues and major league and I tried different types of ammo and so forth But these ejection issues persisted and so in order to Get this taken care of I would have to Essentially buy another BM9 and pull out the ejector and put the new one in I'm not sure. There are a lot of replacement parts for these And it 200 bucks. It's kind of a throwaway gun. So that's my beef with the BM9 It started out great that all sudden ejection issues. You say, well, why don't you just handle it? Well, I'm not great at that stuff I wish I was but I'm just not and For me, this is a let down those were four handguns that let me down the smith and weston model 19 performance center Awesome features, but it just didn't work out with that trigger locking up the sky dvg one Nice concept for some reason. I think I got a lemon the burrata apx carry started out great like primer strikes Just didn't work out and the star BM9 military surplus I get it, but I can't trust it. There it is. Let me know what you think If you like videos like this, please subscribe and share I always appreciate thumbs up button. Thanks for watching and you guys be safe you


The delivery, towering header, winning his chance in the starting 11, and certainly taking it. Now put to this. It's a brave run. That's what we say in the minute. He had to get to some base. He's got to be done. He's against the last to play, and that's what we say. Oh, it's so quickly then, McIntyre. You and me too, guys. In the space for Hendry. He's put the ball in. With the stop of the header. With the cross. And that's a guilty chance for Leicester.


Trump is a threat to democracy. Biden, U.S. President Joe Biden said at a political fundraiser that former President Donald Trump is a threat to U.S. democracy according to Reuters. Biden referred to Trump's statement that he would be a dictator for one day if elected in 2024. The other day he said he wants to be a dictator only on one day, wipe out the civil servants and a whole range of other things. Biden told donors at a campaign event in Philadelphia he embraces political violence instead of rejecting it. We can't let that happen. White House spokesman Andrew Bates said that Biden has worked to defend American democracy and bring people of all political persuasions together against these unprecedented threats without mentioning Trump by name. And I want to say it is wrong to suspend the Constitution and abuse federal power to persecute critics and trample the First Amendments. Bates added while speaking on Air Force One as Biden flew to Philadelphia. By the way, the EU fears that Trump's coming to power could destroy NATO. Several European officials have stated that there is growing concern among the governance of their countries regarding the upcoming U.S. elections. This is because the return of former U.S. President Donald Trump to office may not only signal a shift in support for Ukraine but also pose a threat to assistance for other nations according to the New York Times.


ISEX Exercise 2014 kicked off in the Arctic Ocean March 19th. ISEX is a long-standing program that hones Arctic operations and warfighting skills to ensure the interests in the region remain secure. The Arctic Ocean serves as route for submarines to transit between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The joint exercise is supported by the U.S., Canadian and British navies. March's Brain Injury Awareness Month and Naval Medical Facilities are promoting research and awareness of traumatic brain injury, or TBI. TBI is an invisible wound and one of the most common injuries of troops wounded in Iraq and Afghanistan. Symptoms can range from mild concussion to severe seizures. If you or someone you know may have TBI, contact your installation's health care professionals. Read more about these stories at navy.mil. From all hands update, thanks for watching.


Hello everyone, welcome to this talk on AML and data analytics in the context of non real time Rick and the NW daff. And my name is Sandeep and I work for our networks. I'm part of the engineering team in the networks. My name is Bono and I work for our networks and part of engineering team agenda for today is that we are going to give an introduction of the NW daff and and then we are going to talk about analytics platform architecture, which is a unified architecture which can implement both the NW daff and the NW daff use case. And followed by that we have a demo, and we are going to demonstrate the NF load use case in the NW daff. NF is the analytics function in the 5G core. And as the name says NW daff provides analytics information to other network functions, OAM and the application function. And W daff is by definition a network function, and it has to register itself with the NRF, like other network functions. For registration it has to provide the analytics ID, which is then later used by other network functions in order to discover the required NW daff function. The kind of information that NW daff provides is the statistics and the prediction, and it supports both the subscription model and one time request model. And the data that the NW daff consumes in order to derive this analytics comes from the application functions 5G core network functions OAM. And it collects all sorts of data infrastructure related data you related data. And then, and that is what basically it uses in order to derive the statistics and the analytics. Non-artic is more of a platform and non-artic is a platform which provides the analytics for the RAN functions. And non-artic is a is an extensible platform, and we can add more functionality to this platform by the means of the R apps. These R apps are analytics applications, which are backed by the ML models. The R apps provide the policies and enrichment information to the components running in the real time rig over the A1 interface. What we see on the screen is high level block diagram of the non-artic in the SMO framework. And there are bunch of components in the non-artic which manage the R apps, manage the lifecycle of the R apps and the model inferencing in the R apps. The non-artic also has components which manage the A1 policy. And these are the components which get the latest and greatest policies from the R apps and then apply them to the real time rig over the A1 interface. Now with the introduction of NWDAF and non-artic, we are going to look upon the commonalities between the NWDAF and non-artic. Common requirements rather. So I will not go over the differences because they are obvious. But what it takes to implement the non-artic and NWDAF is what we need is MLOps kind of platform, which will be used for training the ML models. And these ML models comprises the NWDAF and the R apps in the non-artic platform. So we have come up with a unified architecture wherein we implement both the NWDAF and the non-real time rig. And this slide shows the on-app components that our architecture is leveraging. So to give some names, so we have the collectors, different sorts of collectors from the on-app DCIE project. We have SDNR, which is the SMO and which implements the non-real time rig, the A1 policy manager and the R apps manager. The DMAP bus is the Kafka bus, which is again another on-app project. And then we have Acumos. Acumos is used as the ML catalog and this hosts the machine learning models which are trained in the external MLOps platform. And then we plan to interface with the Acumos by creating a model-influencing layer, which is going to be a microservice in our platform. And this microservice is going to interact with the Acumos, get the microservices which consist of these ML models and deploy these microservices across the target clusters as NWDAF in the NWDAF use case and as R apps in the non-real time rig use case. This slide shows the implementation of the NWDAF. On the top layer, we see the MLOps platform and the Acumos. MLOps platforms provisions the model designers to train the ML models and it also has the functionality of retraining the ML models, running the data pipelines for data transformation. And the source of data is data for this MLOps platform is this data lake, which has the data from all the 5G core network functions, OEM, and the infrastructure-related data which we plan to collect through the Prometheus servers. The box on the left is AMCOP. AMCOP is ARNA's multi-cluster orchestration platform. So AMCOP has the DCI components, which are mainly the DCI collectors, and we plan to implement this model-influencing microservice, which is going to interface with the Acumos platform and it is going to consume the ML model microservices, which are there in the ML catalog hosted by Acumos. And it will perform the model-influencing in the NWDAF in the target clusters. On the right-hand side, we see H cluster, where we see the 5G core network functions deployed. So these network functions and the Prometheus services are deployed and managed by the AMCOP platform. The data collectors in the AMCOP platform can subscribe for the NF-related data through the NEF. And then this data is then uploaded into the data lake, which is then consumed by the machine learning workflows in the MLops platform for the purpose of training the ML models. And Prometheus servers which are deployed in these target clusters are configured to scrape the container level and node level metrics. And Prometheus, and for the Prometheus, the remote right endpoint is again this data lake. And this data is used by CPU prediction, memory prediction, like ML models. Very similar to the previous diagram. This slide shows the implementation of Naun Artirik. And what we have here, the differences here are... So the model inferencing service now is not deploying the ML models in the NWDAFs. It is rather deploying the ML models in the R-Apps of the non-real-time rig. And the DCI collectors are... The WES collectors, file collectors are collecting the RAN-related data over the O1 interface, which is uploaded to the data lake and later consumed for the machine learning purposes. Similar to the previous slide, there is Prometheus for collecting the infrastructure-related data. And all this data is used by the MLops platform. And the trained models are then sent to the catalog in the Akumos, which is then consumed by the model inferencing microservice. And this is how the R-Apps are deployed and managed. So now with this, we can move on to the next section, which is about the demo of the NF-Load use case in the NWDAF. Yeah, hi everyone. Now we will see the NWDAF or NF-Load use case demo. So prior to that, I just wanted to give some information on NF-Load use case. NF-Load use cases in the NWDAF supports multiple services out of that one-off piece in the NF-Load use case. So NF-Load use case, it collects the data from OAN and NRA. Mainly these are the two data sources for this. And the kind of output analytics it provides is the status of the NFs and the resources of the status of CPU, memory, and storage, and the load path. And it provides analytics in the form of two. One is the historical data in the form of statistics and also the predictions. That's about the NF-Load use case. Let's see our implementation. So these are the, on a high level, if you see these are three models which are visible on this NF-Load use case. Primarily, this is the blue box is our NWDAF implementation. And apart from that, it has the NRF. NRF is one of the physical network function, network positive function, and AF. So this AF is application function. In this use case, this acts as a consumer of the NWDAF. So let's start from NRF first. So NRF is, as I mentioned, NRF is one of the physical network positive function. All the network functions between the physical will make an entry here so that if any network function want to do a lookup, then it will call NRF. In this demo, so we have used a free 5G NRF. That is the implementation we have used and application function. So application function is basically like a consumer of the NWDAF in this case. So it gets the prediction output and it simply logs it. But in real world scenario, these consumers are like gets the data and it takes the various actions like infrastructure scaling and feeding this information to some other third party applications. So that is AF. So in this AF, basically, we simply acts as a consumer. We are not doing any closed loop scenarios here. It simply logs it. And this is implemented. It acts as a client. And coming to the NWDAF part. So we have developed as a part of the POC. So the thing is, NWDAF has various building blocks out of which we have implemented three layers in this case. The first layer is the service API. Service API in NWDAF as per the 3GPP standards, it provides the two kinds of APIs. One is the event subscription, where others will subscribe to the event and get the NWDAF notified based on the subscriptions. And the other one is the analytics info, which is like request responses. So we have implemented analytics info and we will see the same in our demo as well. And the next part is the analytics layer. So here we have implemented one of the CPU prediction models. So basically this gives the CPU predictions for the given inputs. So we at least train based on the offline data. So we don't have any real time data. So that's what you see here, data collectors are Android. Ideally, it has to subscribe to the various network functions. But so we have collected the data and the data is available offline here. So this data is being used for the training and also the service API is used to get the predictions of this. So with this, I will just explain the flow and after that I will show the demo. So the first part is, as in the NWDAF concept, it registers itself to the NRF. In the registration, it gives the endpoint of the NWDAF. So that is called as enough register. This is a 3GPP specific API. And once it's registered, after that it starts the request. This is the NWDAF part. So once it's registered, so AF, which is a consumer comes into the picture and it asks NRF, so it makes a call of end of discovery and asks for all the NWDAFs which are registered with this NRF. So NRF will give the response, the response, it gives endpoint of the NWDAF. The NWDAF endpoint, it prepares a analytics info request and it calls the NWDAF. Upon receiving the request, NWDAF, while looking at the data points, it calls the CPE prediction model and it gets the CPE prediction output from this analytics layer. And the service info, analytics info API, it creates the response in the form of 3GPP standards for the given NRF and it sends it back to the AF. AF simply logs it. So this is the flow. So I'll be showing the demo right now. And yeah, just to explain the deployment and configuration. So the deployment is, we will be using Karnos AMCOP platform. So this simplifies the deployment and the configuration part. And all the network functions what we have seen, NRWDAF, NRF and application functions can be deployed on multiple edge clusters as well. But we can do it with AMCOP. But for this demo, we'll be deploying all this in a single edge cluster. And we'll see the interaction between these two with the help of AMCOP platform. So I already have a pre-recorded demo, which I'll be doing right now. So if we just have a quick look at it, what is the setup is going to look like. AMCOP platform which is up and running. And we have onboarded one of the edge cluster to this. So this edge cluster, all the NFS or AFs will be orchestrated. So this is our AMCOP platform UI. So if you see the highlighted one, I have onboarded one of the edge cluster. So first one is the NRF service, if I just say NRF service, service will be having multiple applications. The first application is NRF application. So application has been created, but we need to upload the corresponding Helm charts. So we have created a Helm charts and I'm uploading it right now. Okay. Now NRF depends on the MongoDB. So now I'm creating the MongoDB application. Again, the corresponding Helm charts has to be uploaded here. So I'm doing that right now. Now NRF service has been created and it is having two applications, NRF and the MongoDB. Now we will go to the next service creation, which is related to NWDAF. So again, it will be having a NWDAF application first. And then corresponding Helm charts, which I'm uploading it for whatever the implementation they have done. And just for the simplicity, I'm adding the AF application function also as another application to the service. So, yeah, so this we can create all together a new service as well. So now NWDAF service also created, design time is over. Now we will go to the runtime, which is service instance creation. The first one is the NRF, creating the NRF instance. Okay. So while creating the instance, we can select the target edge cluster. As I mentioned earlier, I have already onboarded one of the edge cluster. I'm selecting the same cluster now. The next one is the NWDAF. So even for NWDAF also we are selecting the target edge cluster. So now we have created both the service instances. So just before creating the actual instance, that means which will orchestrate. So we will check the target edge cluster to see whether it has any ports running or not. So you see right now there is no ports are running. So now we'll continue to watch it. So service instance has been created for NRF. Yeah, now it's orchestrated, it's up and running. Now the next one is the NWDAF.  So analytics AF and NWDAF and NWDAF internally depends on another port, which is CPU prediction model, microservice, all up and running. So these two are for NRF and this is for the NWDAF. Let's take the NWDAF logs just to see how exactly the interaction. As I mentioned earlier, the first step is to register with NRF. So the highlighted one is the NRF registration. It's successfully registered to the NRF and it has given the endpoint to that. So after that it starts serving the request. Now you will see one of the request which is handled by the NWDAF. And the highlighted one, if you see it receives the request and it's served the request. Okay, so it internally calls the CPU prediction model microservice. So that is what the highlighted one. So it gets the response from the CPU model microservice and the response will be embedded into the analytics before response. So that's it about NWDAF logs. Now we will see AF logs. So that means from the client perspective. So in this case our AF application function which is running periodically. So we will take only the one occurrence. The first thing is like it will go and call the NRF to get the NWDAF endpoint that is what highlighted. It cuts the NWDAF endpoint at the end point and it calls the NWDAF with analytics before request. It receives the response from the NWDAF. It cuts the, what is the CPU prediction and what is the corresponding instance ID and the corresponding status like all those information. And it's simple on this. This is the clear view of the data what we received from the NWDAF. Yeah, that's pretty much on the demo side.


Hey guys and welcome back to The Average. Also welcome if you're new here, I'm getting a steady stream of new followers so thanks for joining us guys and becoming an Averageer. I know it sounds very appealing, we're all very used to it so we're gonna get over and breeze on past it. I am making another papercraft thing today. If you haven't seen the previous one then go check it out because that is where I started this project. We're not started this project, we started doing these sort of paper crafts. I wanted to try it just to have a go at it and then I kind of fell in love with it because it was super fun and interesting and cathartic to just do and working with layers was really enjoyable so I wanted to try that again but this time I totally gave myself a challenge because I did an underwater scene and I thought you know what this is gonna be great. I love underwater stuff. I love drawing fish, I'm gonna have a really good time. It took ages, it took a long time so this video is quite long for that reason because I had a lot to edit and I didn't want to edit too much out because the whole process you know that's the point of doing it so you guys can see it. So I started working on this by sketching out a little image in my sketchbook just a thumbnail of the kind of thing that I wanted to create so I wanted a lot of depth in this piece because obviously the ocean has a lot of depth so I wanted to have like a layer of rocks, fish, different things that I could think of that you will see coming up in the piece and yes it was great, it was fun. It just took a long time I think because I thought I'm gonna make each piece really detailed. For instance I started out drawing these fish and I think this took me like a couple of hours to do just this layer and even though I really like drawing these fish and the process of it using watercolors it took a long time yeah so I think I'm just gonna keep repeating that this took a long time I think you can sense the pain in my voice of why why did I decide to do such a long project when I have a lot of our work to do yeah no no solution no knowns no knowns brain not working brain not found cannot compute goodbye by everyone enjoy enjoy the watching the video without my voice over. I'm just kidding of course I just don't know what to say I'm drawing some fish here and I decided on this piece that I was going to use watercolors so I went ahead with that and some point in the process I started to use wash because it's being so opaque so it could just cover up any mistakes that I made. I was listening to podcasts whilst working on this piece first of all I listened to the three-point perspective where they talk a lot about art subjects and different things and they spoke about awkward art moments that they had been through just like cringe-worthy stories so I thought that I would share a cringe-worthy story as well. Back when I was a graphic designer there was this promotion on where we were promoting this game and it had this leprechaun guy as you know the main character of the game so I put him next to kind of a pot of gold and stuff which were the assets from the game I wasn't just being like super stereotypical but yeah it was the assets for the game so I placed him in front of this pot of gold so it had like gold it was like had gold handles sticking out and basically it looked a little bit phallic so I sent this off for approval not realizing because you know when you're stuck in a piece and you don't even look you can't even see something and then other people are like I can't believe you did that that's hilarious and then somebody was like oh you should just keep that and I was like ha ha ha I should just keep that yeah like as a joke and then my manager was like what you were planning to keep that in and like put it up live on the website and I was like no it was a joke I was like no I wasn't it was so awkward I was just like oh no he thinks I'm so unprofessional now I just think so I was gonna put that in a website banner anyway that was my sort of cringe story and I sometimes think about that but it doesn't make me like feel about bad I just kind of find it funny you know at the time I was like I don't want the ground to swallow me whole and yeah I don't know if anybody else has any cringe stories I thought they were pretty amusing to listen to I'll link the podcast down below obviously theirs are a little bit more like career affecting and bad things happening because they are all they were freelance illustrators I don't know if they are now but yeah they're all very successful so go check that out because it's they've got a lot of interesting tips and stuff as well so interesting to listen to whilst working because they've pulled me through a couple of um long long projects throughout the day and I was looking at different podcasts and I came across another one because they finished the free point perspective one so I came across another one called law and it's basically about where a theory of where some horror stories or like myths and legends come from originally and the guy like goes through stories about different things and then has a conclusion on if maybe they're real or not and it's very a spooky one guys and I like it it's really interesting and there's a lot of really good stories in there which I think I listen to about 14 episodes of it all of them are about 15 to 20 minutes long so that gives you an indication of how long this project was taking so I suggest listening to podcasts if you're working um I think a lot of people think oh I should just sit in silence and do my work but I know that if I do that I mean I do that sometimes if I'm coming up with ideas or I listen to music if I'm in the thinking stages of things but if I'm just doing something monotonous and painting bubbles over and over all these fish over and over again then I know I kind of want to zone out and listen to something to keep me a bit entertained and I think that really helps to keep me motivated and recently my boyfriend Chris he hadn't really been listening to stuff whilst working so we were both watching the office or listening to it as we worked side by side on different art projects and I think it really helped push him through like doing it again I don't know if I'm just speaking for him absolute bollocks but yeah I hope I'm not because I know that it helps motivate me to just keep going although there's the other side of it now if I watch anything I need to be doing something else with my hands like I need to be either playing a game on my iPad or drawing or I know it's not technically a bad thing if I'm drawing but it's all the time like I can't just sit and watch something I get a bit bored now so it always have to do something in the background but yeah it's a good motivator so suggest that if you haven't tried that out guys I don't know why you wouldn't have maybe you're just like yes stuff that's pretty obvious why you're staying this to us I'm gonna say it anyway because you know I wanted to talk about what podcasts I was listening to I'm trying to find some other good ones if anybody has any good ones then please suggest because yes I'm always in search of something to keep me going these are lure podcasts about horror stories and stuff really got me inspired to try and write my own horror story or a horror comic I've always wanted to do a horror comic but I think I was just too intimidated by the idea of doing that kind of subject because horror can go one way it can be really just awful and cheesy or it can be really creepy and I obviously want to do creepy but I think that's a really hard thing to achieve for sure maybe I'll do a little horror horror paper cutout thing because I am addicted to them now I'm definitely gonna do more of these paper cutouts I've just been working on these fish so all I did was like a layer of fish and then I thought what I do to show their movement of them like swirling upwards I was gonna do another layer behind and I realized later I mean now I realized that I put a layer in between these fish and it doesn't really make sense perspective wise because the fish are still like on this layer the fish are still kind of the same size as the layer before and if there's a layer in between them then they should be much smaller and maybe a bit blurred but yeah never mind I only realized this after gluing everything down and I was like maybe I should have put that layer in front of this layer I hope that makes sense to anybody I realized that I was just kind of saying words at you and probably didn't make much sense because you haven't seen what I mean yet the best part of these paper cutout things is putting everything together and lining stuff up I find that really fun and a couple of times here I kind of winged it I was like yeah it'll fit and I just painted it out and then I realized hmm probably need to do a bit more paint down there or make it a bit of that way and I had to sort of twist and turn the papers so like things would lock into each other and work so I kind of let myself down on the composition slightly in that sense like I said there was a mistake with the fish they should have been smaller on that layer but I don't know I still really liked it the final outcome and I thought this was really fun to do I really like doing the details of the rocks and stuff I had a different painting that I've done before of an underwater scene and it's somewhere on my channel I think and I'll try and find it in the link below but yeah it's um it was an underwater scene about from this book how my life is spent anyway in the story there's this scene where this blind girl she reads this braille book of a thousand leagues under the sea is it a hundred thousand or a thousand leagues oh no okay never mind anyway she reads that and she's I just imagined her because it speaks about her going in the bathtub a lot and her imagining herself underwater so in that video I drew that out like she was in the bath but imagining that she was in the sea around her and that was really fun to do so I had that off screen to the side as a sort of reference point because I wanted to come up with something a little bit similar because I thought that worked out really nicely so I wanted to get that feel of depth that I had in that piece over to this piece yeah it was fun I decided that I wanted a sunken ship in this image and I thought oh I'll do you know the classic old wooden ship that you see in like the little mermaid and have like the the big mast coming up and maybe just have it in like a dark silhouette but then I saw this sort of modern ship that had sunk and I you know I was I mean I was looking at images for reference and I really liked the way this one looked so I thought you know what let's put a modern ship in there you know why why can't we we can have a little modernism in this piece it doesn't have to be so old-fashioned so I drew this boat out using a small fineliner and I think the fineliner is too small because it doesn't really fit like the way that I drew it I like the drawing but I don't think it really fits in with the other the style of the other layers then I'll go in and I sort of fix stuff up and it kind of fits a little bit better but I still think I should have used like a thicker pen or just painted it with watercolours as I had done with all these other bits and bobs like maybe painted the line work with blue as I had with the fish and any other details that I put in this no it worked out it worked out in the end so it's fine whatever also it's supposed to be a little bit in the distance so kind of works and then obviously I wanted a whale in the background and I've never drawn a humpback whale before so this was something that was really fun but also quite challenging because I was like this is going to look terrible and it kind of does look a little bit terrible if you look too closely at it so don't look closely okay just keep your eyes a little bit half closed and squint at it and you can see that it's a beautiful painting okay thank you like and subscribe for more lol yeah I said lol that loud what of it I think here I was just trying to get all the layers together seeing how they went and I had this bright idea of having a ship at the top but having it so it looked like it was coming through the water so as if we were underwater looking up at it but I also I don't I mean I've been underwater a few times like by a boat and seen boats underwater and I didn't look up any reference for this which was a bit of a regret because I don't think that looks quite right um but I think I think it works and as well I cut out fishing line I cut out and I can bend and twist to go over the top of some of the layers really really like the way that worked like I think the thing I like most about the working with the paper pieces is bending stuff and making it look like it's popping out or just adding some visual interest in that sense I think that's really fun and a fun thing to do and I wish I had tried to think of more ways to incorporate this kind of elements into this piece and obviously the perspective of the boat and the whale is a bit off because I think the whale is supposed to be further back from the boat so I did it so the boat was popping up out towards us but I didn't do it far enough so it kind of looks like the boat is on top of the whale but the whale is like diving under so it's like how how's that happened and then also there's this fishing line that looks like it's it must be a giant fishing line so I tried to pull it out so it looked like it was heading more towards us if you can get my meaning instead of going down so it's this massive long thing it's it's coming up towards us um through the ocean I probably doesn't make any sense but meh looking at it if you can probably rip it apart a little bit perspective wise you could really be like what doesn't make sense like why is the ship as big as that or why is that one smaller I think that's probably down to lack of planning and just going ahead with having fun with this so now I'm just sticking all the layers down and I had a struggle with this one um because the previous paper cut out thing I did it kind of all worked out it just stuck together and it was fine but this one I had a bit of struggle I was like why is it not sticking and it kept coming off and I was getting a little bit frustrated because I just wanted it to be done and yeah and as well like this is supposed to be the fun part so when it's not working out I mean not the fun part but like the most enjoyable part of seeing it all come together and then it's not working out like it's not sticking down I was getting really like just stuck it was fine though I think it was I always outrageously exaggerate everything of negativity I'm like yes it was the worst time ever but it wasn't it was fine it took like five minutes more I don't know why I just exaggerate so much I went back in with a Posca pen just adding details and bubbles and stuff because I think I wasn't really pleased with the way the top layer worked out with the boat there's parts of it I really like but I think I wish I just dedicated a bit more time to it I think because I had dedicated so much time to the bottom layers I was really just a bit tired which is not a very good excuse I know but it's my reason so yeah I just went back in with the Posca's adding a little bit more detail here and there bringing the illustration together as one piece instead of just separate layers of stuff stuck together went over details of the whale and the fishing line and adding bubbles and things I don't know why just going over with Posca pens is so satisfying I think because I recently discovered them like this year and I remember the first time painting something then going over at Posca's I was like oh my god this is so opaque it's amazing here I wasn't sure if I wanted like a yellow beam of light because I know I wanted beams of light coming down through the ocean like rays of light so I used my old friend tracing paper and I think it really really pulled everything together it really worked out I kind of wish that there was like a white border around this piece but there isn't that would have been like quite cool so maybe if I can find a box frame that is like a white frame I think that would look really nice so here's the final thing guys lots of different layers probably not cohesively going that well together but I think overall it worked out I really like again with these pieces being able to kind of go into the painting and look at the different levels and turn my head this way and that and see sort of different composition each way you look I highly suggest having a go at Paper Art if you haven't had a go and please let me know what you guys think about this piece do you prefer it to my last one which was a spooky scene in case you haven't seen it so yeah that's it guys thanks for watching please like and subscribe for more and I will see you next time bye


Health authorities in India's Qadhyam district report that at least 50 people have gone blind after a rumor went around that if you stared at the sun long enough, you would see a miraculous image of the Virgin Mary in the sky. They are desperately trying to stop this by putting up a sign warning people that it's not true. Okay, just curious here, where do you hang a sign so people staring at the sun are going to see it?


Alright, who's ready for the tea of the day? Today we got some mint and tarragon. Hmm, tarragon, that's right. Let's try it out. Hmm. Wow. It's a little bit different, but it's really good. Hmm. Ah. Ooh. Mm-hmm. Um, I'm not even sure how quite to describe that taste. Um, I don't really have tarragon normally that much in my food, I may have to start doing it a little bit, because I got some and I have a little extra, that or I'm going to use it all in the tea. I don't know. But, uh, tarragon apparently is really good for improving digestion, helping with your sleep. It actually is supposed to encourage menstruation. And it's good for the toothaches. And also, it's supposed to be an antibacterial. So, uh, tarragon baby, yeah, woo-hoo.


Hello, I think the you're getting key the Oracle guys told me that they have some big meeting today So they won't be able to most likely join Maybe Hey, you're again did but I assumed also since they're kind of together the both would be in the meeting. I don't know Hey, man. Oh, can you hear me? Clear good. I think with the microphone you have you can hear you from from the moon Dad microphone again Yeah, we have a friend that really enjoys my microphone. This will be small round today. Where is Lewis, man? Okay, um, let's start Or call we did community questions Okay, then let's discuss the release plan. So 0.5 branch was created. Thanks and So, do you may you put this in the for the agenda is this the only two PRs that we want to get in before we do 0.5 Yeah, I think so. I mean those are the only two ones we have opened and and Yeah, yeah, that's right issues of PRs This maybe with the retry Definitions going in Do you think we should make this attempt of putting our handling in a separate section? Yeah, that's one of the PRs that are just of those two that I put in is the bigger air handling PR and We working on it and talk to your again and We talked about it all pretty much all day today a couple times and then we got I got a good idea of what He would like to see and I think he makes a lot of sense. So Again for like the fourth time I'm rewriting the I mean not rewriting but changing because he involves a bunch of examples and stuff like that So it's every time you change something. It's a big deal but yeah That's the big one that I'd like to push in if the other one makes it in for 0.5 or not it's kind of like Okay, my opinion, but since it's already done And I was hoping will it would be here to to because last week we we wanted to ask him some questions So if that one gets in I you know, it's fine if not It would be nice if we did and then all the issues that have to deal with retries I talked to it because you're gonna open them all he agreed that It would be okay to do impose 0.5 as additions Because even with the retry definitions as we have and now you can define retries very well It's just his would be enhancements to that for the next version. That's the exponential back offs, right? Yeah, cool. I think technically we could Check on these PRs and just decide to have them in right Still with the condition ordering I have my doubts because it is part of the format there is ordering and even if we had priorities It's we'd have to clarify how equal priorities would be handled and then eventually they go in by order How they appear so I wanted to learn more about the use case if it was that multiple conditions might be merged somehow, maybe there is an IDE that wants to Do this and then of course priorities they do make sense because You wouldn't know in what order to merge them to begin with But other than that I I can only see the that it's already part of the language ordering And it's ordered arrays are both or lists are ordered both in yaml and jason That's my concern here. But if you think otherwise, then let's merge it Now we can wait on this one. I am not opposed to it Waiting yeah, let me actually do an AI because I forgot to do that last week Dr. What is it Lewis with the oh or are you yeah, Lucas Lucas But um, yeah I'm honestly fine with this going into after release, but the area handling we got to push that in I just It's just the parent is not done yet I like to need one more hour and then I'll think everybody for review again, please if you can do it this week I would really appreciate it. So over a weekend we can do the tag Okay Pending changes and What are you called that offline review or reviews, okay, and then we can push that in and Then we'd be done for this zero point five or so part of this is Is this separation of error handling in a new section or? No, the air handling right now is it's defined in our specification It's pretty garbage honestly, and it's a section that we've improved everything except that so this really kind of steps it up a lot It's a big improvement and it's something then later on we can work on to adding like the retry stuff that you know Your gun is looking into So he reviewed it already this morning. He said he couldn't make the Reviews and and based on that I I still have to make a couple more changes But basically what it is is We're gonna do explicit the air handling You can take a look at that we're on errors. He's going to define an explicit name and a code of an arrow Here and then retries are going to become a top level definition like events and functions Because for me try definition and it makes sense if you want to externalize it or if you want to have all Timeout errors in all states to be handled similarly or in the same way and then on errors Error definitions you can either reference a retry definition, which means you want to retry or If you don't that means you just want to basically Catch that error and transition or end workflow. So it's kind of like Yeah, so it was good to me Simplifies things and yeah, I don't want to talk about it. Just review it whenever it's done. I think Okay, let's peek at the issues so that closes I think the retry definition No, sorry before that. Oh, we had this very old one update where workflow handling Max attempts so this retry definition section the general section Do we want to do that after merging the PR? Yeah Okay, let's let's get do this one PR after another because they are so related and Then exponential back off goes in after 0.5 Uniqueness constraint for workflows You happen to know what this is about. I think we pushed this out. We out. We didn't have time to talk about it This is a correlation. I thought in general we was the correlation token. We're good Yeah, this is we do define correlation between events But this is correlation between Workflow instance data and it's a lot bigger thing to think about so it's that I don't okay So if it's cross workflows, then I think There was also to be pushed out and Then the Jason patch schema are Ricardo since we have you Do you want to do anything with this before 0.5 or oh, no, no, no, no, I believe that we can we can we can push that Just check in for the release. No, no problem. Yeah Okay That sounds very good and You don't mind Short call then we can close early today Let me check any other business. I think we Just would like to share about the As the go SDK We finished the most most of the work on the on the SDK side So now you can parse any Yemo or Jason file and from and go Types and This is basically on the first feature that we'd like to to have On the SDK, so you're pretty good shape for a cube call There's a small roadmap that I shared as well in the wreck and the read me file So you can take a look on that to see what is planned for for the SDK So it is basically for now I'm planning to you know, align the features that we have on the Java SDK with the goal is because it is basically the same thing for now like being being able to Create a workflow using a fluent API or generate an SVG Image from the from from from the workflow definition But the the hard work, you know the two parts any any file any more Jason fine into go types that's was the What we needed actually for the go SDK because we had hadn't had on the time or the actual feature in the old let's say SDK because in that oldest cave we will we would have just the The types defined based on the schema so that was wasn't the work too much But now you can you can actually use the SDK into your application or Go app or whatever Is that based on the Jason spec? Yeah, it is we generate code based on the on the Jesus pack Let me ask about code Or the completeness of this Jason spec code generation because I found that different generation code generation tools Yeah, they do different jobs on on this schema generation if it's just a schema I mean that that's one thing but does it account for the the rules that we have of whether elements can appear or not whether they are optional mandatory and Yeah, they follow the So some some of the spec The workflow definition validation. We don't have it yet. It is on the on the roadmap to take a look But for instance a goal doesn't doesn't work with interface like Java so for instance today states attribute and give a lot of pain to implement that and we had to write a lot of Custom code to encode from Jason, you know, and just to figure out what kind of data or what kind of state There is expected to be in there like an operation state or switch state Because you don't have interfaces and in Jason are in go. So You know in the way that we have On Java for instance So, yeah, it is working pretty, you know good for the way you have And it's more validation. Yeah, we we we also have as well So he thinks there is no polymorphism of the structures used, right? Yeah Okay, cool. I also had Any other business and that is? How do we go about the release? So when we freeze it now and we only have This week to make it public because there is already KubeCon next week. What is it that we want to do? Any ideas Very welcome. So sure everybody personally can tweet about it Put it out on on LinkedIn share as much as possible. I think there is a cncf The project support service for a newsletter entry Something like that Should we ask about this as well? Yeah, I think if they can help us ever. Yeah, definitely Probably have to put together a small text for them describe a little bit what it is about the release and Yeah, I mean, yeah, but look Roadmap and It's a lot of things. So maybe we could just pick like a couple of the big stuff that we've changed since Over the year But yeah, I mean we yeah, definitely we could use some Yeah, like Twitter and Maybe I don't know what else can we do? The problem is we already recorded the videos for KubeCon. So we can't really add that to the videos now that kind of sucks, but Anya, yeah, maybe Karina has some ideas. I don't know So, yeah, I was thinking of including some some tweets and posts on a couple of our Community stuff for Red Hat projects. I don't have any account right now for the serverless workflow And also it would require building it up a little bit before we could actually gather results from it like from a from a serverless workflow Twitter account for example, we won't have that much followers right now But I think that's that's how we should go. That's what I think we we could do right now because that I mean most of the The people we want to reach are actually on Twitter and LinkedIn I don't think that Facebook is a good strategy right now or Instagram for example Yes, there are a couple of Online sites for blog posts, but Require work for example mediums or That is true That is true. The problem is that we post Posting the same content in different sites can make this car go lower and people won't find out about the blog so much Like it's not displayed as much as a post that is not Reposted in everywhere. So if we would like to have something posted We would need to create different texts to put in the different blogs or just go for one of the blogs So just a note here Yeah, and I have a really good blog that we worked on for Recently I can just share that with everybody you can reuse it. Maybe change some words in it Yeah, I can get that out on these Anything else we can always spam the serverless working group mailing list And possibly Yeah, we can't blog on the NCF website. I was told that the only incubating projects in higher can do that Okay Do you know about the newsletter? This media relations How about this sick, I don't know which sick we belong to It's still application delivery, isn't it? I have no idea honestly There was some talk that Doug's team would become a sick. I don't know what happened with that. I'm kind of out of the loop completely Yeah, it does matter Whatever works like anything is better than nothing and that's kind of like the approach I Would also Karina I would like to maybe if we can at some point, I know I'm pushing all the work Like create a YouTube channel because I'm starting I have like three current videos and I will create more like every other week hopefully and I rather not post them on my YouTube channel, but if we had our Team one, I think that is pretty a great idea actually I can do that for us and Share the the access with you So if you want access like admin access any of you, just let me know which is your YouTube email your Google email and Just please send me the logo that you have so that I can use there in the YouTube Yeah, that's not urgent like don't like if we talk about something here It's not like oh, we need it by yesterday now. This is free time work, you know, so don't put it on your schedule Thanks Okay, and the timing I guess should be Yeah, maybe it's still early enough at our next community call. All right, that's right before cube con What do you think people's channels will be? congested with cube con stuff What do you think is the good timing? for this I Would publish it before Cube con I would also the recording was already done So it doesn't matter because I mean we could just put it there upload the videos that you home You already have to the channel and once people saw it Maybe they could subscribe because they would already know about it So the best time it would be before the conference But only if the guys have a way to share it somehow maybe on the chat I don't know so on slack and of course during our presentation or after our presentations there's always the Q&A and Maybe it can be put out as a Last comment just before the Q&A finishes. All right Last time we my presentation was the serverless practitioner summit and I was Not a lot going on during the Q&A. I think we had two or three questions This time it will be on the main conference, but I don't know if that's More busy if not, I I can I gladly give a hint anyhow, I have a hint in my presentation to serverless workflow and Possibly also to the office hours. I'm not sure I put that in and maybe I just mentioned the website Yeah Okay, that's cool. And of course There is no serverless practitioner summit this time, right? There is a serverless channel, sorry Interrupting you for next group come let's do a release a month in advance man because what's happening is right now Also the project booth that we have not number one thing. I want to say we should be happy with what we have this coupon We got two or three two talks specific about our project. We got my nose talk You're mentioning in it. We got two project office hours again and a project booth So we should like be happy what we have. This is just like cake on top, you know, or whatever However, the same is so yeah, whatever extra thing this release if we have time for it or not everybody's busy I'm happy what we have but in our project booths. I mean project office hours. We can mention the release the project booth Unfortunately, it's locked. So I can't add that anymore in there. So what it is? It is what it is. You know, oh That's locked already Yeah, oh Review they have to review it for every project apparently so they locked it up for me at least I can't make changes Okay. Yeah, so then back to timing this week would actually be better, right as soon as we have version Well, I mean It all depends on some people. We need like I will we need to finish this PR. So reviewers are needed I'll do it in an hour. So That's step one. Step two is Ricardo and I need to fix the SDKs One thing we need to figure out What we kind of heard what we gonna name it the version and don't worry the version does not have to be 0.5 the SDKs Have convert a name distinct whatever they want most likely of 0.5 But whatever then we also need a release of the visual code plug into the Microsoft VS code marketplace. That's not a problem. I'll deal with that So it is I mean it's not and then we also have to The easy part is just create a tag and then tag the 0.5 X branch and The last thing that needs to be done is there's gonna be a PR on master to update the latest version links You know on the read me on the main read me there is a link to latest release and current mass whatever And we should probably also not call it master but in the future we need to rename that you know whole Language thing. What is it called right now? Is it Google changed all this stuff to main, right main? Yeah We should probably do that at some point as well Before CNC FS goes to do it Wow, I haven't noticed that yet. Okay, so main and Is then there is there a development branch? Oh His main is is that to develop a bunch? Well, I think the way it works. We just renamed master to main and push it and But I I've never done it that I'm scared of breaking stuff and Don't worry, I won't be I want to be that that hard I've did that already on all the projects in the community that I that I'm that I maintain and Was pretty straightforward. It's just a pain, you know to change the the local links, but it is okay to do that Actually, there is a list of words that we should avoid I'm not sure. Where is this list? I can I can I can take a look and I I can you know share with you to America's it is not just master it is You know a black list white list slave all those words that we should avoid and We need to just search through the the report storage of this to see if there is any mention Of these same things and then we should you know, they extra care when we are you know rephrasing our dog documentation or not creating sentences and then things like that To be gained their why gender wise and all those kind of stuff Ricardo this air air PR will The Jason scheme us a lot So yeah, in addition to just what when this air PR goes in air handling PR We need to before also push it in into the SD case Yes, for sure Okay, that's all Okay, then I think we can't have an hour that we can make a lot of use of Thanks, everybody and Read you soon, I think we yeah, I'll be waiting actively for the for the PR to me to review I'll take extra care that this email doesn't slip my mailbox No problem. I'll ping everybody in the Thanks Thanks, man. Oh Goodbye. Thanks. Bye. Bye