Stories and content in Weird Darkness can be disturbing for some listeners and is intended for mature audiences only. Parental discretion is strongly advised. Welcome Weirdos, I'm Darren Marlar and this is Weird Darkness. Here you'll find stories of the paranormal, supernatural, legends, lore, crime, conspiracy, mysterious, macabre, unsolved and unexplained. If you're new here, welcome to the show, and if you're listening to the podcast or on YouTube, be sure to subscribe so you don't miss future episodes. If you're already a Weirdo, please, take a moment and invite somebody else to listen too. Recommending Weird Darkness to others helps make it possible for me to keep doing the show, and while listening, be sure to check out WeirdDarkness.com where you can find all of my social media or drop me an email. Coming up in this episode. In 1947, Major Jesse Marcell was sent to a crash site near Roswell, New Mexico to investigate what happened. We all know the story from there, the strange metal, or not, the alien bodies, or not, the confiscated extraterrestrial technology, or not. The weather balloon story we initially believed and then didn't believe. Now, more than seven decades later, Jesse Marcell's grandchildren are speaking up about their knowledge of what happened at Roswell. If you look up the term water babies on the net, you might find something akin to swim classes for newborns and toddlers. But if you mention the term water babies near Pyramid Lake in Nevada, a much, much darker scene comes to mind. According to the Bible, no man knows the day that Christ will return, but that didn't stop William Miller from predicting anyway. Not once, but three times. And he was wrong. Three times. But first, the Chem Trail conspiracy theory posits the belief that long-lasting condensation trails, also known as con trails, are in fact Chem trails, consisting of chemical or biological agents purposefully left in the sky by high-flying aircraft, sprayed for nefarious purposes and undisclosed to the general public. The scientific community has dismissed the theory, but others insist the truth is simply being covered up. Who's telling the truth? What is the truth? We'll look at the controversy over con trails. We begin there.  It was around noon on March 12, 2000 when ST. Brent, the late-night reporter for WMWV Radio, entered the kitchen of her country home in Parson Field, Maine. Her partner, Lou Auberchant, was puzzling over what he had seen in the sky half-hour before. The fat, puffy plumes arching up over the horizon were unlike any aircraft condensation trails he'd ever seen. Instead of dissipating like normal con trails, these intersecting sky trails grew wider and began to merge. Looking towards the sun, Auberchant saw what appeared like an oil and water mixture reflecting a prismatic band of colors. Ordinarily, con trails flare briefly in the stratosphere as hot moist engine exhaust flash freezes into a stream of ice crystals. These pencil-thin condensation trails are short-lived, evaporating into invisibility as exhaust gases cool quickly to the surrounding air temperature. As National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA meteorologist Thomas Schlatter explains, the formation of condensation trails requires temperatures lower than about minus 76 degrees Fahrenheit and humidity of 70 percent or more. Because the Federal Aviation Authority requires military tankers and transporters to cross continental airspace at altitudes below 30,000 feet, ensuring safe separation from airliners flying between 35,000 and 39,000 feet, these military flights should leave no con trails at all. But in late 1997, Auberchant began to notice thicker trails extending from horizon to horizon. Hanging in the sky, these expanding white ribbons would invariably be interwoven by more thick lines left by unmarked Air Force jets white or silver in color. As Brent glanced out the window, it looked like another gorgeous, cloudless day. But not quite. She spotted two jets laying billowing white banners to the north. Turning her gaze due west, Brent saw two more lines extending over the horizon. She called Lou. Within 45 minutes, the couple counted 30 jets. This isn't right, Brent thought. We just don't have that kind of air traffic here. While Auberchant kept counting, Brent started calling airports. Alerted by a call from Brent, Richard Dean, WMWV's Assistant News Director and the WMWV filed outside and counted 370 lines of persistent contrails in skies usually devoid of aerial activity. Brent found a number of air traffic controllers. They all stated that nothing unusual was going on. After several calls, Brent reached one ATC manager who offered a different story. He told Brent that his radars showed 9 commercial jets during the same 45 minute span. From her location, he said, she should have been able to see only one plane. What about the other 29? Brent inquired. The ATC official confided, off the record, that he had been ordered by higher civil authority to reroute inbound European airliners away from an airborne military exercise in the area. They wouldn't give me any of the particulars and I don't ask, he explained. The controller, who insisted on being identified only as Deep Sky, subsequently repeated his statements on tape before witnesses at the WMWV studio. On December 8, 2000, Terry Stewart, the manager for Planning and Environment at the Victoria International Airport, responded to a caller's complaint about the strange patterns of circles and grids being woven over the British Columbia Capitol. Stewart left a message on an answering machine tape, a message that later was heard by more than 15 million radio listeners. Stewart explained, it's a military exercise, a US and Canadian Air Force exercise that's going on. They wouldn't give me any specifics on it. Canadian forces base CFB Comox on Vancouver Island is Canada's biggest radar installation. CFB Comox is easily capable of tracking the US formations coming up from the south. When asked for a response to Stewart's statement, the base information officer at CFB Comox replied tersely that no military operation is taking place. Stewart later told the Vancouver Courier that his information had come directly from Comox. By the summer of 2001, pictures of contrails were being circulated by the Associated Press and the word Chemtrails could be overheard in coffee shop conversations across the continent. In an April 20, 2001 letter to a US Senator, Colonel Walter Washbaugh, chief of the Congressional Inquiry Division for the Secretary of the Air Force in Washington, called Chemtrails a hoax. Washbaugh blamed the increased number of contrails on significant civil aviation growth in the past decade. He is right on that score. A National Science Foundation study has found that in certain heavily trafficked corridors, artificial cloud cover has increased by as much as 20 percent. Colonel Washbaugh ascribed widely reported grid patterns to overlapping aircraft flying north-south east-west airways. The only thing wrong with his explanation, a Texas air traffic controller told me, is that US airways do not run north-south. The Colonel told the Senator, the Air Force is not conducting any weather modification and has no plans to do so in the future. In fact, the Pentagon has long been interested in using weather as a weapon of war. Attempts to steer hurricanes by spraying heat-robbing chemicals in their paths date from the 1950s. The recipe for creating Cirrus Shields was outlined in a 1996 US Air Force study subtitled, Owning the Weather by 2025. The report explained how weather force specialists were dispersing chemicals behind high-flying tanker aircraft in a process called aerial obscuration. Official denials reached new altitudes of absurdity when another Colonel claimed the US Air Force, USAF, does not conduct spraying operations over populated areas. Apparently, the Colonel had forgotten how USAF air tankers dispense thousands of tons of Agent Orange defoliants over the land and people of Vietnam. Meanwhile, the Internet was abuzz with chemtrail conspiracy theories ranging from aliens leaving messages in the sky to government agencies dumping mind-control chemicals on an unsuspecting populace. The only problem was none of the theories were plausible. In 1994, the Hughes Aerospace Company was issued a remarkable patent. The Wellesbach patent for Reduction of Global Warming proposed countering global warming by dispensing microscopic particles of aluminum oxide and other reflective materials into the upper atmosphere. This sky shield would reflect one or two percent of the incoming sunlight. The patent suggested that tiny metal flakes could be added to the fuel of jet airliners so that the particles would be emitted from the jet engine exhaust while the airliner was at its cruising altitude. Computer simulations by Ken Caldera at California's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, LLNL, calculated that employing Wellesbach's chemical sunscreen technology could stop warming over 85% of the planet, despite an anticipated doubling of atmospheric carbon within the next 50 years. LLNL estimated the cost of creating this so-called sky shield at a billion dollars a year, a cheap fix to avoiding threatening the massive profits of the oil industry. At the 1998 International Seminar on Planetary Emergencies, Edward Teller, the father of the H-bomb, presented his next big idea.  If it was possible to protect the entire planet, these chemical sky shields could at least be extended to cover allies who secretly agreed to allow this unprecedented geo-engineering experiment to be carried out over their territory. In the July-August 1998 Science and Technology Review, Teller argued that the sky shield offered a more realistic option for addressing global warming than drastic cutbacks in CO2 emissions. When asked if the technology was being pursued, Teller replied, To my knowledge, the answer is negative. My recommendation was a tentative one, depending on further evidence whether expecting global warming is realistic. In fact, the technology already exists. In 1975, the U.S. Navy patented a device for producing a powder contrail having maximum radiation scattering ability. The powder contained a mixture of .3 micron-sized titanium dioxide pigment particles coated with .007 micron hydrophobic colloidal silica and 4.5 micron particles of silica gel. The purpose of the apparatus was to generate contrails or reflective screens for any desired purpose. The Wellsbach patent proposed using very fine talcum-like powder of 10-100 micron-sized aluminum oxide to produce pure white plume in the sky. In a May 2000 draft report submitted to the International Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, an expert panel chosen from among 3,000 atmospheric scientists, concluded the Teller's scheme might work. But the IPCC warned against unpredictable upsets of the atmosphere. The panel also warned against angry populace's reacting to the associated whitening of the visual appearance of the sky. Caldera was so concerned that he went public. Deflecting sunlight would further cool the stratosphere, he warned, and this could intensify icy clouds of ozone-gobbling CFCs that could destroy the ozone layer, the Earth's already damaged solar radiation shield. Was Teller's sky shield experiment already underway? During his interview with WMWV reporters, DeepSky hinted that it was, where the tankers observed on ATC radars involved in climate modification. Our FAA source hesitated before responding and then said, that approximates what I was told. Similar military activities were ongoing in other regions, he stated. The internet buzzes with conspiracy theories about chemtrails being used as part of a secret government biological experiment. But after years of intense investigation, no undeniable proof that chemtrails constitute a deliberate biological attack has been found. To be effective, bio attacks must be conducted close to the ground and never in daylight in order to avoid ultraviolet sterilization of toxins. In the spring of 1998, rain falling through heavy chemtrails over Espanola, Ontario was found to contain concentrations of aluminum particles seven times higher than permitted by Canadian health safety laws. Provincial health officials ordered tests after residents began complaining about severe headaches, chronic joint pain, dizziness, sudden extreme fatigue, acute asthma attacks and feverless flu-like symptoms. The results of the tests were not released. The reports of illness all came from residents inside a 50-square-mile area who complained that they had been subjected to months of spraying by photo-identified U.S. Air Force tanker planes. The USAF denied the intrusions. On November 18, 1998, Canadian opposition party defense critic Gordon Earl petitioned parliament on behalf of the people of Espanola. Speaking on behalf of Canada's new Democratic Party, Earl stated, over 500 residents of the Espanola area have signed a petition raising concern over possible government involvement in what appears to be aircraft emitting visible aerosols. They have found high traces of aluminum and quartz in particulate and rainwater samples. These concerns combined with associated respiratory ailments have led these Canadians to take action and seek clear answers from this government. The petitioners called upon parliament to repeal any law that would permit the dispersal of military chaff or of any cloud-seeding substance whatsoever by domestic or foreign military aircraft without the informed consent of the citizens of Canada thus affected. The Harvard School of Public Health team determined that particulates with a diameter less than 10 microns, one tenth the thickness of a human hair, pose a serious threat to public health. On April 21, 2001, The New York Times warned, these microscopic motes are able to infiltrate the tiniest compartments in the lungs and pass readily into the bloodstream and have been most strongly tied to illness and early death, particularly in people who are already susceptible to respiratory problems. On December 14, 2000, The New England Journal of Medicine reported that inhaling particulate matter of a size 10 microns or smaller leads to a 5% increased death rate within 24 hours. Teller's sunscreen calls for spraying 10 million tons of talcum fine reflective particles of 10 to 100 micron sizes. On October 2, 2001, Representative Dennis Kucinich, Democrat of Ohio, introduced the Space Preservation Act of 2001, H.R. 2977. It called for the elimination of exotic weaponry from space. Among the weapons to be banned were weather-modifying weapons such as HARP, high-frequency active auroral research program, and Chemtrails. Though H.R. 3616 was later amended to remove the section that would have banned Chemtrails, the original bill acknowledging the existence of Chemtrail technology remains on the pages of the Congressional Record. Sightings of oddly lingering plumes sometimes resembling rocket trails are not confined to North America skies. While on leave in Italy in the summer of 1999, the U.S. Navy's Kitty Chastain sat on her hotel balcony and watched aerial grids being laid all day just offshore over the Bay of Naples. In Spain, on April 27, 2000, American tourist John Hendricks dashed off a quick email from El Café de Internet. Were we surprised to see that the Chemtrails are as bad here as they are anywhere, both in Mallorca and in Barcelona? Add Sweden to the list, a Swedish resident wrote after spotting 8-10 parallel contrails. I know the commercial routes and we have a bunch of them, but not where these trails were. Chemtrail activity has been reported in at least 14 Allied nations, including Australia, Belgium, Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Holland, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Scotland, Sweden and the United States. According to the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, the only way to form artificial clouds in warm, dry air is to introduce enough particulates into the atmosphere to attract and accrete all available moisture into visible vapor. If repeated often enough, the resulting rainless haze can lead to drought. Patrick Minnis, an atmospheric researcher with California Environmental Resources Evaluation System, CERES and Ardent Chemtrails Critic at NASA's Langley Research Center, reports that CERES cloud cover over the U.S. is up 5% overall because particulates in engine exhaust are acting as cloud-forming nuclei. As the number of flights currently exceeds 15 million annually worldwide, artificial clouds will intensify as air travel continues to climb. George Barnes, a film producer about chemtrails, told Mystery Wire in 2015, he does not blame chemtrails on anyone in particular, and thinks different groups are doing it for various reasons. There was no evidence of these grid-type patterns in the sky prior to about 2006, he says. I don't know what happened, but after 2006 we started seeing it more and more frequently. The conclusion is, because it's unregulated, anybody could do it, Barnes told Mystery Wire, so anybody that's interested in experimenting with climate engineering, weather modification, has the right and the authority to test it. Contrails have been around since the dawn of aviation. The word is short for condensation trails. These contrails happen when humidity and temperature cause the moisture in the air to condense and form what we see as white clouds coming from the back of jet engines. Old war films show contrails from high-flying bombers. There's also a contrail in the background of the 1960 movie Spartacus and over Las Vegas in the 1971 James Bond movie Diamonds Are Forever. And in 1999, in the Mojave Desert community of Paramp, Nevada, the owners of a fish pond said something fell from the sky during a rain shower. The owner described it as a white spidery webby-looking stuff. He said the web material dissolved in his pond and left a foam which led to hundreds of dead fish two days later. I have no idea of what people are finding that are claiming to find angel hair or cobweb-like material, said Kim Runk, meteorologist in charge at the Las Vegas National Weather Service office in 1999, but I can say that it has nothing to do with contrails they see in the sky. AboveTopSecret.com is considered one of the largest conspiracy-related websites in the world. The reality is there is 250% more air traffic today than 10 years ago, according to the creator of the website, Mark Allen. What happens is a lot of people step outside and see these criss-crossed contrails in the sky. To the average person, that would look pretty suspicious. Allen said his members vigorously debate and dissect all sorts of conspiracies, but their consensus is chemtrails are not real and what people are seeing is contrails. To think that there could be a global conspiracy, a conspiracy of aircraft technicians, military aircraft that are all keeping quiet about spreading chemicals up in our atmosphere, I'm sorry to say, but it's crazy, he said. Even some diehard debunkers admit there is aerial spraying happening, such as cloud seeding, crop dusting, and even military testing. However, the idea that a widespread secret effort to change the Earth's climate or sicken everyone is just not happening. McWest, a writer and controversial debunker, told Mystery Wire they really just basically ignored 70 years of science on the subject. People basically have this misconception that contrails don't persist, therefore they must be chemtrails. Coming up, in 1947, Major Jesse Marcell was sent to a crash site near Roswell, New Mexico to investigate what happened. We all know the story from there. The strange metal, the alien bodies, the confiscated extraterrestrial technology, the weather balloon story that we initially believed and then didn't. Well now more than seven decades later, Jesse Marcell's grandchildren are speaking up about their knowledge of what happened at Roswell. Plus, if you look up the term water babies on the net, you might find something akin to swim classes for newborns and toddlers. But if you mention the term water babies near a pyramid lake in Nevada, a much, much darker scene comes to mind. These stories and more when Weird Darkness Returns is a story about a family member who has a family member with Alzheimer's or dementia. Help for those in a crisis pregnancy, and more information about what depression truly is and how to identify it through our friends at ifred.org. There are resources for those who battle addictions, be it drugs, alcohol or self-destructive behavior, along with help for those related to addicts. The page has links to help you find a therapist or counselor, to find help for those who have a family member with Alzheimer's or dementia. Help for those in a crisis pregnancy and more. These resources are always there when you or someone you love needs them on the Hope in the Darkness page at WeirdDarkness.com. What you're about to hear was written by Jesse Marcell III, Denise Marcell and John Marcell. If you've been into ufology for any length of time, you know that name Marcell. Jesse Marcell III, Denise Marcell and John Marcell are grandchildren of Major Jesse Marcell, the man sent out to the scene to investigate the famous crash near Roswell. Here is the grandchildren's story. Our grandfather, Major Jesse Marcell, was a decorated intelligence officer in 1947, stationed at the 509th Bomb Group, at the time the only atomic bomb unit in the entire world. He played an integral role in planning the group's nuclear strike sorties over Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan and had an illustrious career guarding some of the most important secrets of the Second World War. In early July of that year, a mysterious crash occurred in the desert outside Roswell, New Mexico and he was chosen to investigate the crash site and report back to his superior, Colonel William H. Blanchard. What he found was remarkable and he believed that what he was examining was not made by human hands. We were told growing up that he broke protocol and a few orders by packing up some of the debris to share with his son and wife, our father and grandmother, before returning to the army base. This was an event that would change our father's life and our own forever. As they were examining the material, our dad clearly recalls grandpa saying that they were looking at pieces of a flying saucer. Dad would share with us many more details of that night, often at dinnertime with Star Trek playing in the background for effect. You talk about seeing foil sheets that were incredibly strong yet light as a feather. He would further describe beams with hieroglyphic-looking writing that he claimed would appear if you looked at them at an angle. In their book, Witness to Roswell, Thomas J. Carey and Ronald R. Schmidt spoke to eyewitnesses who said that they saw metal material, like that described by our father, that returned to its original shape no matter how much you twisted or tried to put a wrinkle in it. On summer trips to visit our grandfather in Louisiana, he'd add to the story. He told us that he had seen glass-like fiber optic materials strewn through the debris in the field and even what appeared to be an animal hit by the craft that had crashed. He described how it took five to six large two and a half ton six by six cargo trucks to transport all the debris back to the base. As we grew older, Grandpa would share more of the story with us, but was still very guarded when it came to telling us too much. Maybe out of concern that information that haunted him would come back to haunt us. We could see on his face that he was conflicted between the need to expose the entire story as he saw it and the need to honor the oath he had taken to his country. We would try to get him to tell us more, but with a career in intelligence, he knew how to record and keep a secret. As a military family, we moved to wherever our father was stationed at the time, and in the early 70s this was from the Great Lakes of Michigan to the rural town of Clancy Montana. In those days we had neither the internet nor video games, and on a good day we could make out three TV channels at best. One of our fondest memories was spending time with our father as he educated us in everything from physics to astronomy. When not in school we would stand side by side with Dad working on one of his many projects. One such project was using red powder to grind thick plates of glass into a parabola shape. This became the mirror for a telescope which he was building in the backyard. Once completed, we would spend all filled nights as Dad would show us many parts of the sky, including the rings around Saturn or the moons of Jupiter. The significance of the events that our grandfather was part of was instilled in us at a young age. The stories shared by our father and time spent with him are forever etched in our memories. Dad would always say that we humans are not alone in the universe, that when we were peering through his telescope, there was a chance that some other beings could be looking back at us. This belief was what led him to share his experiences handling physical evidence of the materials found at the Roswell site, which he believed were from a UFO and one of the reasons he built the telescope in the first place. People have asked where the debris ended up, or whether our grandfather kept a memento, and if so where is it? Although his own voice has been silent for almost three decades, people still refer to his comments from that time, and we have a diary found amongst his things after he died, which has not been shared with the public before. We've wondered whether buried in some of the private writings he's left us with a treasure map for discovering any secrets that have not been fully exposed to the world. One theory is that the diary was written in a kind of home-brewed coat and might point to places where crash debris still exists or contain other revelations our grandfather wanted the world to know. With our memories, documents, and our grandfather's unseen diary, a door is cracking open that was once thought closed. As a family, we aren't surprised about the continued interest in Roswell given the inconsistencies in the early explanations shared by the government along with a number of witness testimonies. Although the U.S. Air Force released reports in the 90s that stated the incident was not a cover-up and that the object that crashed was a balloon that was part of Project Mogul, a top-secret balloon project designed to monitor then-Soviet nuclear testing, there are many conspiracy theories and those who believe it is still an unsolved UFO mystery. Grandpa thought he was lucky to have been the right person, at the right place, at the right time, even though it came at a great cost, exposing him and our family to the world. With actions he took both at the time of the incident and leading up to his death, he believed he showed that he well understood the extraordinary uniqueness of the event. Today we live in a different era. It is widely accepted that we are not alone in the universe, although no one is certain what that truly means. Incidents like what happened in Roswell in 1947 have likely inspired scientists, astronauts, and a few grandchildren to look into the sky with hopes and dreams to someday meet with our celestial family. Grandpa would be pleased. The Americas are home to some pretty epic urban legends, abandoned ghost towns, haunted southern cities, and the like. But the tales that surround Nevada's Pyramid Lake is one that just might keep you up at night. Some believe that the stories that involve Pyramid Lake in the Great State of Nevada are just silly fables told to the children to keep them away from the water. Still, the allure of this scenic place is strong. It gets its name from the unusual pyramid-like shaped rocks that jut out from cool and tempting waters. These waters reach impressive depths of over 350 feet, but the eerie legends that surround this beautiful lake have more to do with what lies beneath. Every year a number of bizarre and unexplainable events occur, especially during the spring time, and include hearing the cries of the lost water babies and a countless number of fishermen that set out on these waters never to return home. There are a number of tales that try to give reason to the phenomena of the haunting sounds and the missing people. The most well known is the legend of the water babies, and it begins with the American Indian Paiute tribe who were said to have thrown malformed and premature babies into the dark and murky waters to drown in an effort to keep the tribe strong, keeping only the children who would grow to be capable and useful members of their tribe. And so the story goes that the shrieks and cries that are heard late into the night are the ghosts of the drowned babies from the Paiute tribe. A slightly different take on that same theme tells that when Native Americans inhabited the area, perhaps the Paiute but my source did not specify a tribe, there was a severe famine. It was so severe that the villagers got together and decided that there wasn't enough food to feed any new mouths. So as babies were being born, their mothers were forced to take them down to the nearby river and drown them, rather than have them live a life of constant hunger and starvation. Yet another legend, but tied to the previous two that I just mentioned, involves a Paiute tribesman and a mermaid from Pyramid Lake who fell madly in love, only to have the union rejected by the tribe. The heartbroken mermaid was exiled from the lake by the Paiute tribe, but not only did she not leave, she remained there in her growing fury, cursing the waters and seeking vengeance on any man that attempts to enter her lake. This of course would explain all the missing fishermen. Some believe that this version of the story was in fact concocted by the Paiute tribe themselves in an effort to repair their reputation and to cover up the savage and despicable actions of drowning their own babies. Although for what reason the babies were drowned, malformed or premature, starvation and famine, or some other unknown cause, this particular legend does not say. But another legend about water babies and how they came to be has nothing to do with babies or the Paiute, nor does it have anything to do with Pyramid Lake, Nevada. The Ute Indians told stories of a mysterious race of dwarves who lived in Utah Lake, a lake in north-central Utah that covers about 150 square miles. The Ute referred to these aquatic dwarves as water babies because of their clever tactics in luring people to their deaths. They would make sounds very reminiscent of crying babies. Concerned people would take off into the lake in an effort to locate and rescue the endangered babies within, only to be dragged down into the depths by the nefarious water babies. Even if one managed to escape the clutches of these devilish dwarves, they still wouldn't be safe. A huge, predatorial, man-hating monster also calls Utah Lake home. The first sighting of the monster by a European occurred just at the tail end of the Civil War, but a resident reported being chased to the shore by a 30-foot reptile, which then turned around, joined another huge beast and swam off. Shortly after, a different man claimed to see a huge reptile with the head of a dog patrolling the waters of the lake. In 1870, some fishermen found a large, strange skull with tusks protruding from it in the water. Sightings occurred steadily throughout the late 1800s through the 1920s when they died down. But water babies still make their presence known, even today. If you go to the lakeshores and sit for a while in silence, you'll begin to hear the unmistakable sound of babies crying. Is it the spirits of drowned babies looking for their mothers? Water dwarves enticing you to take a closer step to your doom? Or is it just your imagination, run wild with stories thanks to the legends you've heard growing up? Like all stories of this nature, the only real proof is to experience these places yourself. Perhaps they are made up tales to keep children safe and close to home. Or maybe the late night cries of drowned infants and the missing fishermen are real dangers that should be taken seriously. That being said, I for one do not want to test the theory. When Weird Darkness Returns According to the Bible, no man knows the day Christ will return. But that didn't stop William Miller from predicting anyway. Not once, but three times. And he was wrong. Three times. That story is up next. Do you keep a journal or diary? If not, maybe you should consider it. It's been shown that journaling can help you reduce stress, help relieve depression, build self-confidence, it boosts your emotional intelligence, helps with achieving goals, inspires creativity and more. In fact, my friend, S. N. Lanise has created a Weird Darkness-themed journal just for you. Full of blank pages for you to use as a diary, make notes for class or office meetings, jot down ideas for that novel you want to write. Use it for keeping a mileage long if you travel for business, whatever you want. In fact, she has numerous styles of journals to choose from. Along with the Weird Darkness journal, there's one for dealing with grief, or teachers' notes, for medical residencies, keeping track of your meds or health routine, and several others. Journals make a great gift for others, but it's also a great gift for yourself and your own mental health. No matter what you might want a journal for, my friend Anne has it. And you can see all of our journals, including the one for Weird Darkness, on the sponsors and friends page at WeirdDarkness.com. William Miller was never your typical doomsday profit. Born in Massachusetts in 1782, he was the son of a captain who had served in the American Revolution and spent most of his early life in Washington County, New York. Despite his solid Baptist upbringing, William Miller would later say that he always felt the need for a more personal connection with God, but was never quite sure of the form that relationship should take. After marrying and settling down to his life as a farmer, he likely would have had an uneventful life had it not been for the War of 1812 where he served as a captain. In 1816, likely as a result of his wartime experiences, Miller developed an obsession with the afterlife and the need to use the Bible to develop clear and accurate answers to all of the questions in life. He then spent the next 15 years in a careful study of the Bible where he quote, found everything revealed that my heart could desire and a remedy for every disease of the soul, unquote. Along with his Bible study, William Miller also followed news of the various millennial movements that were springing up throughout the United States at the time. It's hard to say why people were so receptive to the idea that the second coming was at hand in that part of the country. Whether it was due to anxiety over the worsening economic climate, the panic of 1837 had led to a terrible recession, political uncertainty, the tension that would lead to the civil war breaking out was already being felt, or lingering anxiety over New England's dark day, numerous religious figures came forward with their own message of coming doom and the need to repent. Religious figures such as Jemima Wilkinson and Lee and even the venerable John Wesley were proclaiming an impending day of judgment. Many of these inspirational preachers advocated post-millennialism with Christ returning after a thousand years of universal brotherhood and peace. Miller was deeply bothered by these teachings since he believed that the second coming of Christ would happen first with the millennium of peace following. In a statement of faith which he wrote to his brother, Miller said that Christ would come in the glory of God and the clouds of heaven with all the saints and angels, change the bodies of all that are alive on earth that are His and both the living and raised saints will be caught up to meet the Lord in the air. As for the ones left behind, however, they would not fare so well. Miller maintained that the earth would be cleansed by fire, the elements will melt with fervent heat, the works of man will be destroyed, the bodies of the wicked will be burned to ashes. Not only would the wicked, that is, anybody who rejected the gospel, die but their spirits would be, quote, banished from the earth, shut up in the pit, unquote, and not be allowed to return to earth for a thousand years. Along with Isaac Newton and a host of other biblical scholars, William Miller examined apocalyptic works such as The Book of Daniel and Revelation to calculate when the second coming would occur. Working from Daniel 8, verse 14, until 2300 days, then shall a sanctuary be cleansed. Miller determined that the second coming because of that would occur March 23, 1843. Knowing full well that he would be mocked if he openly announced this to the world, Miller only told a few friends and likely would never have come to public attention at all if not for Joshua von Himes. Himes was the minister at Boston's Chardon Street Chapel and also a zealous evangelist. Convinced by Miller's message, Himes invited him to give a sermon in 1839 which led to numerous other invitations from other ministers for Miller to speak. Not only did this lead to Miller's message being heard by thousands of people, other ministers including Himes began preaching the message of imminent judgment as well. In addition to frequent sermons, Joshua Himes also published a series of magazines and pamphlets including The Midnight Cry and Signs of the Times. Though Miller and his followers gained countless supporters, there was considerable public scorn as well. Newspapers began reporting on Miller's appearances and the crowds that inevitably gathered. Editorials blaming Miller for cases of insanity or suicide that they attributed to his messages became common. The sighting of an extremely bright comet in 1843 set off new apocalyptic fears and William Miller had more followers than ever. Oddly enough, he largely ignored the comet since he felt that the Bible alone provided all the information needed. He certainly had no intention of founding a new religion. Why bother with converts when Judgment Day was just around the corner? Most of his teachings were perfectly consistent with what mainstream Christian preachers were saying in their own sermons, hence his frequent invitations to give guest sermons across much of the country. Despite Miller's reluctance to pin down a specific date for the Second Coming, he and his followers eventually settled on April 23, 1843, based on their careful calculations. As the date approached, the crowds attending his sermons swelled and newspapers were alarmed by his message. Newspaper editorials warned that widespread belief in Miller's message might lead to social and economic upheaval if farmers decided not to plant crops or if craftsmen stopped producing goods. When April 23 came and went with No Second Coming, William Miller went back to the Bible and started recalculating, concluding that he'd made a mistake by relying on solar years instead of lunar years. He recalculated the date as occurring in the spring of 1844. Despite their previous disappointment, the Millerites, as they were then known, decided to prepare for the new date in spectacular fashion. After purchasing an enormous tent capable of holding more than 2,000 people, they went on a grand tour through New York and Ohio. Rumors also began circulating that the Millerites had prepared ascension robes that they could wear as they rose into heaven. Though these rumors were likely exaggerated, some sources suggest that many Millerites prepared special robes for that reason, even though Miller never called for any special preparations. March 21 came and went with nothing remarkable happening. Undaunted, William Miller insisted that the Second Coming was at hand, but concluded that it would likely happen in the fall instead, though this time he was careful not to provide an exact date. Another Millerite, SS Snow, floated the suggestion that October 22, 1844 would be the correct date since it fell on Yom Kippur. William Miller had his doubts, but allowed his followers to convince him. At the same time, there was also a growing disenchantment with Miller and his followers. Many of the ministers who had invited him to speak to their congregations were now ignoring him completely. Even the newspapers were doing a little more than ridiculing the movement. Editorials predicting mob scenes and public disorder while many stores and shops were closed with signs saying, this shop is closed in honor of the King of Kings who will appear about the 20th of October. Get ready, friends, to crown him Lord of All. When October 22 came and went, the Millerite movement was essentially over, though William Miller and Joshua Himes took up a new cause, raising money for Millerites who had impoverished themselves by leaving their jobs and giving away their possessions. Thus began the period known as the Great Disappointment. While many Millerites tried to come up with varied explanations, perhaps Miller had his date wrong, Christ had arrived secretly, the anguish that many of the followers felt was immense. As one follower later wrote, our fondest hopes and expectations were blasted, and such a spirit of weeping came over us as I never experienced before. We wept and wept till the day dawned. Though the movement struggled on, William Miller was no longer part of it. Though devastated by the failure of his calculations, William Miller continued preaching until his eyesight failed him. He died on December 20, 1849, still convinced that the Second Coming would happen at any time. The Millerite movement might well have petered out completely if it had not been for Joshua Himes. Refusing to give up on the message of imminent salvation, Himes and his son established the Adventist movement and launched a series of publications, including the Advent Christian Times. Himes eventually abandoned the Adventists and rejoined the Episcopalian Church before dying in 1896, but by that time Adventist churches were well established with various offshoots, including the Seventh Day Adventists and Advent Christians. Though the Adventists who followed after Miller and Himes tended to downplay Miller's message of imminent judgment, there were several other false alarms involving Adventist predictions of Christ's return. These include Jonathan Cummings' prediction that Christ would return in 1854, and William Thurman's prediction that it would happen in 1875. Despite attracting a small following, neither of them had the impact that William Miller did. Miller's ultimate legacy was to discredit doomsday profits for at least another generation. Though other doomsayers would arise, it would be a long time before any of them would work up the nerve to have their predictions put to a public test and risk the same fate as Miller and his followers. The great disappointment would cast a shadow on evangelist movements for decades to come. Contact page of the website. If you're listening to the show via podcast or YouTube, be sure to subscribe if you haven't already done so, and leave a review of the show in the podcast app you listen from. And if you're already a Weirdo family member, take a moment today and share Weird Darkness with somebody you know who loves paranormal or strange stories, true crime, monsters or mysteries like you do. Do you have a dark tale to tell of your own? Fact or fiction, click on Tell Your Story on the website and I might use it in a future episode. All stories in Weird Darkness are purported to be true unless stated otherwise, and you can find source links or links to the authors in the show notes. Waterbabies aren't as cute as they sound is by David Clark for Standard News and Weird U.S. Contrary Chemtrails is from Duncan Fennix for Mystery Wire and Earth Island Journal. The Roswell Grand Sheldron article came from Newsweek, and William Miller's Great Disappointment is by Dr. Romeo Vitelli for Providencia. And now that we're coming out of the dark, I'll leave you with a little light. Second Chronicles 7, verse 14, If my people who are called by my name will humble themselves and pray and seek my face and turn from their wicked ways, then will I hear from heaven and will forgive their sin and will heal their land. And a final thought, kindness is a gift everyone can afford to give. I'm Darren Marlar. Thanks for joining me in the Weird Darkness. you know who loves all things strange and macabre. If you want to listen to the podcast, you can find it at WeirdDarkness.com.


Does the clicker work? Yes, this one? No, it does not. Oh, yes, here. OK. I got one. OK, so you have a pointer? A pointer here. Thank you. Good afternoon. Thank you to the organizer for this invitation. I will speak about LECT. These LECT everywhere are nowhere. And it's a preliminary study, which will be continued with my colleague Fabien Godfair from my own lab in Lyon, France, and with Aziz Salih from Tunis. First, my main topic is the spontaneous generation of LECTs, LECTs with S, because, for example, in MHD, we have a free kind of LECTs. And without initialization, no forcing. I will present briefly, first, the case of purely rotating turbulence. After, I will move to the NSF context. It's not the National Science Foundation. It's N for stratification, like the Brunweizela frequency N. S for shear, and F for the Coriolis parameter. And it's an approach in which Casio-Homogenius or Homogenius to Brunweiz is subjected to constant uniform rate of buoyancy gradient, velocity gradient, and Coriolis force. I will move to MHD using an analogy between a true cross-elicity in MHD and a subrogate proposed by Gibbon and Holmes and illustrated by, I will show you on the next slide. Of course, local LECTs everywhere in snapshot, but it's local. Often, it is very difficult to generate bulk LECTs with statistically relevant. For example, in Homogenius to Brunweiz, John Nomé suggested that if the symmetry in a flow, the center of symmetry, you cannot generate LECTs. On the other hand, there are a lot of DNS reinforcing by the group of Minini-Pouquet. There are also surgery, for example, helical modes. You can expand any velocity field in helical modes which concentrate LECTs. But often, if you add helical mode with different polarities, you cancel LECTs. And only if you perform some surgery in killing some helical mode with a given polarization, you have a lot of LECTs as illustrated by resistance today by Luca Biferalé and co-worker. Nevertheless, LECTs spectrum, the statistically relevant LECTs, is very important for the alpha effect, the dynamo effect, and so on. And I will mention some work by Marino in the same team of Minini and Pouquet after. By definition, LECTs are kinematic LECTs because I will have other kind of LECTs. Is the correlation of a scalar product of a vorticity, vorticity fluctuation, and velocity fluctuation? The first question is, what kind of averaging we can use? In a statistically homogeneous turbulence, two-point correlation like that correspond exactly by Fourier transform to an LECTs spectrum. Often, presence of LECTs means beltramization, so that the ratio of the long vector, the modulus of a long vector over this scalar product quantifies the non-linearity. And it is expected that when u is more aligned with omega, non-linearity is dramatically reduced. So is there a correlation between a kind of joint probability of alignment with velocity spectrum? It's an open question, not completely solved. Now looking at the symmetries, there are all LECTs, I will define the other LECTs after, are always product, scalar or inner product, of a vector by a pseudo vector. Omega is a pseudo vector. It's change of sign by inversion, so that there is a breaking of mirror symmetry. So if you have mirror symmetry, you have no statistically relevant LECTs. And I will follow my color schedule in the rest of the talk. Red will mean breaking of mirror symmetry. So just a bit of statistics, I will look at the two-point second-order correlation like that with our separation vector. This involves the second-order structure function, for example, but a bit more. And we have a complete equivalence in at least in homogeneous turbulence, in homogeneous even in strontian dystopic, a complete equivalence between this tensor and its Fourier transform with respect to the separation vector, the wave vector correspond to the separation vector r. And it only in Fourier space, because we can take explicitly a count of incompressibility, divergence-free contribution, this guy can be represented by only four pseudo-scalar, energy e, polarization z, and LECT. z is complex value, so that this corresponds to four independent scalar. Calligraphic e, of course, if you spherically average, give classical energy spectrum. And we can distinguish directional and polarization anisotropy by some expansion in terms of spherical harmonics. The first harmonic gives, for example, the directional tensor for e and polarization tensor for z. Roughly speaking, the two kinds of anisotropy are not completely formal. Directional anisotropy means the departure of the distribution of calligraphic e from a spherical distribution. And it could be expanded in terms of classical spherical harmonics. And z is a bit more complicated. It corresponds to the tensorial structure of the spectral tensor at a given wave vector. And it could be generated also by spherical harmonics, but more complicated. In fact, z represents a tensor, a deviatory tensor. I will stop here, of course, over the possibility of simplified statistics by averaging. But h is lost if you take the spherical average of h by symmetry, it is 0. So some odd angular harmonics could survive in h, but it's an overstory. No time to discuss more of that. I will concentrate on the first level. And I will begin first by the case of rotating turbulence, purely rotating turbulence. I will say that in homogeneous turbulence, even arbitrary anisotropic, there is no spontaneous emergence of act in rotating turbulence. Even if imaginary part of z, I will comment briefly on the next slide, and h both break the mirror symmetry, but there is no coupling. Even in turbulence from a cloud, inertial waves propagates from the cloud in a rotating frame. But by pair, so that you have always inertial waves with positive polarization and inertial waves with negative polarization. If you add both, you have zero ECT. This is not discussed in the paper of the Davidson team, but you can check that you have exact consolation. It's a very nice illustration that two modes that you have exact consolation of electricity when you add two helical modes, which individually concentrate electricity. I have an example. It was not really discussed in the paper also, but with a boundary near a wall. This corresponds to a Ekman layer. In this case, if you consider up and down eddies near a wall, one eddies moving towards the wall, one eddies moving in the other direction, their sense of rotation are correlated with their actual velocity, so that you add velocity. In this case, and only in this case, to my knowledge, rotating turbulence generates net electricity, but you need a wall. It's not homogeneous turbulence at all. Let me continue with a kind of formalism. I mentioned that the spectral tensor, which is the covariance matrix in Fourier space of velocity correlation, can be expressed in terms of four scalar. And what is the idea? The idea is that in Fourier space, you take into account the incompressibility condition very simply, so that the velocity fluctuation has only two components, one toroidal of type toroidal, one of type toroidal, and the divergent is 0, because the divergence u equal to 0 means Fourier transform of u perpendicular to the wave vector. So if you correlate, if you have a cross-correlation, you have this kinematic block in which you have toroidal energy, toroidal energy, and a red term, correct the mirror symmetry, you find, of course, electricity, but you find also the imaginary part of the polarization term. In terms of helical mode, you recombine now the two components in Fourier space, they are two components normal to the wave vector. You combine them in terms of imaginary part. You have helical mode with plus, helical mode with minus, and 0. And in this case, electricity appear on the diagonal because the helical modes diagonalize the curl. And z appear naturally, the polarization term appear naturally as a cross-correlation between helical modes of opposite polarity. I am surprised that almost nobody outside our team use this polarization term. So no problem. I continue. There are, of course, a question, a bit complicated. I will not discuss all these questions. Craya introduced a very nice concept of homogeneous turbulence. Homogeneity restricted to fluctuation in the presence of uniform mean velocity gradient. Mean velocity gradient can have a symmetric and anti-searmacy symmetric part. And you can write a question for all the guy which generates second-order correlation, like E vector angle dependent, polarization z, and electricity. There is a very important term which break the mirror symmetry due to the rotational effect, due to the rotational effect of the shear, and also to the system rotation if you are in a rotating frame. But you have no linear coupling. These linear parts are exact. And you have no linear coupling between EZ and H. It is expected because this equation is very close to the Karmann-Warth equation you will see over in physical space in over torque, in which you have a purely dissipative term. You have the action of a symmetric part of a gradient, the linear vortex stretching, in fact. And you have nonlinear cubic term because the nonlinearity of Navier-Stock's quadratic, you have right-hand side in terms of cubic correlation. And it could be possible to couple electricity with energy through a nonlinear term, but it's not a complete coupling. If we have a theoretical study, like inertial wave turbulence, in which we can show that if electricity is zero, it remains zero. So it's not definite because wave turbulence or statistical model for this guy are not completely the truth. But we have a long experience with both nonlinear model and DNS. In DNS, it's possible to introduce through three-periodic DNS in terms of triple-periodic boxes. It is possible to take into account the advection by the mean with K time dependent. I will not insist on that. It's not important in my talk. I continue with now I introduce the stratification. So according to Bosnian assumption, the velocity field remains divergent-free, so that I can keep the solenoidal or divergent-free part of the second-order correlation. And I can consider the buoyancy. Of course, the velocity is divergent-free, but the buoyancy can fluctuate. And it's possible to add a buoyancy part in this compact decomposition. And the buoyancy is more considered as a vector because it corresponds roughly to the gradient of a scalar. And a gradient in Fourier space is along K as the divergence in this. So instead of zero here, I have buoyancy contribution. Very importantly, I have given Brunweisela frequency. So stratification, stable stratification is answered by constant uniform Brunweisela frequency and the buoyancy fluctuation, fluctuate, of course. So in this line, I have a toroidal buoyancy flux, a polyoidal buoyancy flux, and BB, scaled as an energy, give a potential energy. Without rotation, with only stratification, the red term are irrelevant, and gravity waves affect all these blocks. Now, if I add rotation, I have this new term, F-tor, the toroidal flux, which generates, which break the mirror symmetry. And as a recent result, Marino et al. have shown that elicity following I'd have shown that elicity is no longer conserved quantities. There is a linear coupling with a correlation of B buoyancy with a vertical vorticity component. And this correlation is completely linked to what I call the toroidal energy flux. So the elicity equation in one point of physical space is like that. And its spectral counterpart includes a new linear term involving the toroidal energy flux. And of course, there is a non-linear term, but with zero integral, which means that when you integrate over k this equation, you recover that, of course. I will not comment this technical point. Just one of the main results of Marino et al. is this interesting relationship, which involves not only the full elicity, but only the elicity linked to the horizontal component of the velocity. But it is only to simplify the equation. And I think they could find a similar result with a complete elicity, because elicity is really a scholar. It's not linked to a particular component, of course. Now, let me continue and finish with M-I-H-D. If now we consider a combination of N and F, we have a vertical stabilizing stratification characterized by N. You have Coriolis force characterized by F. And we have a coupling of H with the toroidal flux of energy. And the following I, the Marino et al, found a nice equivalent of elicity in terms of ratio N over F. But I think the result depends on a bit of non-zero initial either after or either high. If they are strictly zero initially, the linear solution gives no generation. So the generation is probably due to weak initial noise or some weak nonlinearity. If you cancel completely nonlinearity or others, strictly zero elicity and zero toroidal flux, you have nothing. So it was also found by Pierietta, my colleague, who found you control perhaps a bit better the initial data. And then they have no kinematicity. But in Coutre part, they find the illustrate a nice proposal by Gibbon and Holmes to define a strange correlation like that, a new B vector, which is completely equivalent without the same equation as cross elicity in M-H-D. This will be my transition to M-H-D. I will not have no time to discuss that. You will have to look at the original reference because it's complicated. It's the gradient of the potential vorticity cross the gradient of buoyancy. And this is the only PLL of my long career in which you have some discussion of that. I move to M-H-D, and I will finish soon, I think. No, when you have true M-H-D, you have a free kind of elicity, of course. Kinematic elicity, the same for the magnetic elicity. With caveat is that it's not B cross omega. Magnetic B cross G, G in English is the current field, people use more the magnetic vector A, so they construct more A cross B, a scalar product B than G cross B. But there is only a K2 factor between them. And the elicity B rotation, curl of B, can be called supermagnetic elicity. Often people call it super when the spectrum is multiplied by K2. And of course, cross elicity is only the scalar product of U with B. And we can define the spectra and cospectra for all these quantities. Now, just I continue my little game to identify the most important correlator with a minimum number of components taking into account incompressibility, divergence free for both U and B. You have two components of U in Fourier space, two components of B in Fourier space using, for example, the helical modes. So you recover exactly the kinematic block here as before. You have exactly a similar magnetic block here in which M, all these quantities are affected by M as magnetic. And you have a more complicated cross block, cross velocity magnetic field block, which contain cross elicity and also the spectrum of the electromotive force. Over Z term are not completely identified, interpreted just now. But we have an interesting thing to look at. First calculation, DNS with my colleague, also, Faviet Al, with true MHD, but with additional rotation and additional mean magnetic field give very important new result in terms of the LZR number, LZR number, which is close to a Rosby number with omega in the denominator. So that small LZR number means strong rotation. And I will finish with a few result, not new, unfortunately. Here we can see that the recuperation between magnetic and kinetic energy is broken by rotation. So that at strong rotation, the magnetic energy is much smaller than the kinetic energy. About alignment, alignment is something to do with cross elicity, I remember. You can find with PDF that without rotation, U and B are almost aligned. And with increasing rotation, U and B becomes more and more perpendicular. And unfortunately, my own new result with respect to Faviet Al, I will give more, you can read them. If you have not a good ice, you can read this. It's an angular spectrum of cross elicity, purely linear. Now we will have a very rapidly, completely nonlinear result from DNS. And this scale, this is modulated by, in term of VEA, VEA is the alpha velocity, so the mean magnetic field is scaled as a velocity over F, the Coriolis parameter. And it's possible to show that, of course, if you average on the angle between the wave vector and the direction of a mean magnetic field, you have 0. But you have non-zero angle-dependent spectra. I move to my perspective. So sorry for giving you so few new results. It's a study in progress. But very formally, we will derive all the lean equation, equation in spectral space for the angle-dependent spectra for all the stuff I have shown. We have done that for magnetic and kinetic energy. We will do for free energy to look at all the coupling and a possible scenario in the presence of B and twice omega. So in line with the previous DNS, I have not seated Lennert. I didn't introduce also rotating the ones. I keep more thought also, look at rotating MHD. And a scenario with emergence, a successive emergence of a fully city from the one of cross-elicity in addition to previous suggestions because they are not complete calculation by Heide and by Keith Moffat. Our application, it's a toy model because if we are in homogeneous turbulence without boundary, it's a toy model. But we hope to have possible application to geodynamo with additional replication taking into account all the ingredients B, omega, B, F and also N. And perhaps an approximation like quasi-static MHD could be useful for liquid metal in the core of the Earth. Thank you for your attention.


Hey, it's David and I'm sending you all the love in the world because if people can hate for no reason, then I can love, even if you don't know me. Hi everybody. It's Mordina from Aquarius Rising Africa and I just came to say I love you and you're probably thinking, but I don't know you but if people can hate for no reason then for sure I can love without reason. That's my God-given right and I love you and I'll love you till you realise that you deserve it. Mola, Indy and I have got a little message for you. I love you. You're probably thinking that I don't even know you but if people can hate for no reason. Buddy, this is Ginny from Turn The Page and I just want to say that I love you and you're probably thinking that you don't even know me. People hate for no reason. So it's much easier to send love. Thank you and now we turn the page. That I love you. I know you're thinking you don't even know me but if people can hate for no reason, I can love. I love you. You're probably thinking you don't even know me but you know if people can hate for no reason, I can love. Hey there, I just love you. You're probably thinking that you don't even know me but if people can hate for no reason, then I can love. I love you. I'm Medina from Arise Humanity on YouTube. I love you. You're probably thinking you don't even know me but if people can hate for no reason, I can love. I love you. You're probably thinking that you don't even know me but if people can hate for no reason. Thank you guys so much to every single person who participated in this challenge. Please keep it going. Please share the video. And remember, this is our Earth and we're taking it back.


Russia changed tactics on attacking Ukraine's energy system. Losses are worse than last year. The Russian Federation has shifted its tactics in attacking Ukraine's energy infrastructure. Losses have escalated beyond those suffered during the massive strikes of 2022 to 2023, according to the Financial Times. Instead of widespread shelling, the militants have focused on precision missile strikes on power stations in less defended regions. Some of these stations may not be restored before the next winter. According to Ukrainian officials, the damage inflicted by Russia are not as extensive but are worse than those in the winters of 2022 to 2023. From March 22 to 29, Russia targeted seven thermal power plants and two hydroelectric power stations. However, energy facilities in Kiev remain untouched by the Russians due to the capital's robust air defence system. Ukraine did not provide details on the extent of damage at each power plant, but officials said that some, including those in Kharkiv Oblast near the Russian border, were almost completely destroyed, adds the publication. Maria Satorian, head of communications at Ukraineergo, noted that Russians are deploying the same number of missiles against five to six energy targets in one region as they did during the mass strikes in 2022 to 2023. While Ukraineergo can protect smaller substations with defensive structures, large power stations require months or even years to restore. Another difference from last year's attacks is that Russia has begun using expensive precision ballistic missiles. Andrew Heros, chairman of Ukraine's parliamentary committee on energy and utilities, revealed that during a recent attack on a coal power station, Russians used ballistic missiles worth $100 million. According to Ukrainian military intelligence representative Andrew Cheneyak, the enemy also deploys a large number of UAVs as a cheaper means of targeting such as transformers. Cheneyak said that Ukraine expected attacks at the beginning of winter, but now it's become known that the missiles they used were just recently manufactured. Ukraine to Europe, prepare for your own war with Russia. Russia is ready to swallow Europe whole. A top Ukrainian commander has warned less than two months after he led a costly evacuation from a key city on the eastern front line. Speaking to the independent from an undisclosed location in Donetsk, deputy commander of Ukraine's third assault brigade, Maxim Zorin, issued a troubling warning to Kyiv's Western partners. The West, he said, must urgently prepare, create serious defence systems that could counteract Russia because it will undoubtedly open its mouth and try to swallow the rest of Europe. He warned. The independent says that it is the latest in a string of warnings from Ukrainian military and political figures that Russia will not stop with Ukraine. But it comes less than two months after Zorin helped lead a difficult evacuation from Abdiivka, the first Ukrainian city to be taken over by Russia since last May, in part because a recent lack of Western military support had left Ukrainian forces there at a significant disadvantage. Zorin, more than most, knows the cost of an advancing Russia. During his interview, the first with Western media since the fall of the city, Mr Zorin was blunt about the reality of the eastern front line, while Western weapons supplies are delayed or simply being withheld and he was frank about the future of European security. A US military package worth roughly $60 billion has been in limbo in Washington for seven months, victim to squabbling politicians. While European partners have failed to send more than half of the million artillery shells they promised to Kiev by this year, unable to agree on how to finance their production. Zorin claims his unit has killed up to 15,000 Russians in the past few months alone, but the threat of another push by Putin's forces is now real. And then it's Europe. Next, use this time wisely. The deputy commander says addressing Kiev's Western partners directly.


Testing one, two, three. That's right. Say hi. I don't think so. President. These are the buttons they have with this little group working on the budget. That's the button of the day. Real man put it on the table. Good grief. Probably on those. That's quite a button. That's all security right on the table. We can read that to you directly. Okay. Well listen, thanks for taking your time to come in here. We've just come back from a military ceremony saying farewell to Cap. I just want you to know, and I think what I wanted to talk to you about is that if the Senate sends me the housing bill, I'll veto it. Good. And I'll need your help in sustaining that veto and I want to tell you why I'll veto it. We're trying, as you know, to reach a deficit reduction, agreement in the Hill, and now is not the time to add to the deficit. The housing bill do just that. We'll spend almost $7 billion more in 88 than we spent in 87. It's a terrible signal, I think, to send to our people and to our financial markets, but the numbers aren't the only problem we have. We've got policy problems. Federal housing should help those who can't help themselves. But under this bill, 20,000 to 30,000 poor and media Americans actually would receive less help next year than under the proposals that we have put up, which would have cost $7 billion less. And the bill diverts enormous amounts of money to those who don't need subsidies, including interest-free loans to middle-income families, and that's worth it. The bill contains some very strange spending, such as the so-called anti-displacement program. Now, this misguided provision would require cities to pay for 10 years of rent subsidies for displaced households, reducing the resources available for true housing programs that would benefit the economy at large and help low-income realty families. We can't have it both ways. We can't say we're willing to face the hard choices of deficit reduction, and then look the other way it builds like this that busts the budget. So now I'd like to hear your comments on this. Bob, what do you think that would do? Well, we're trying to get a hard vote count. Bill Armstrong, to his credit, has been the leader in this effort. That's Bill Graham. They've done an outstanding job. They may be within striking distance of sustaining a veto, but I'd like to ask Bill to comment on the hard vote count. This is Becky. You're in. This is my daughter, Arm. We have a few things. I want to do a nice hand. Arm, if you want to gather around, get on both sides of this. Here's your Christmas card. Yes, it's all right. Okay. There we go. Oh, wait. Too much. Oh, over here. What a beautiful day. James, can you smile? Right here. Right here? Oh, I'll turn it off. Very good. No, I can't actually get it. Carry on. We'll keep everything in here, and then we'll get it into your hands later. Very, very good. This must run with some brakes. Here, one skin. Come on, work with it all the way. Oh, thank you very much. And for their daughter. And this is the end. Oh, that's why I'm interested. Thank you very much. Very good. Very good. Very good. Marvelous. Your later-day money card. Thank you. Thank you. Very good. He already has a tie bar. That depends on the box. Does he have one? Oh. This is much better. No, this is my bar. I didn't realize this was my bar. I'm sorry. That's the real one. That's the real one. Certainly not.  You guarantee you'll get it. As soon as the party's over, we'll do that. Captain, for more than two decades, I've known you as a colleague, an ally, and advisor with most of all as a trusted friend. You've served for nearly seven years as America's first or finest Secretary of Defense. In that capacity, your record of achievement is unparalleled. I've even forgiven you for not reinstituting the horse cavalry. But your service to our country is immeasurably well-being of our military forces.  Your contribution will have a positive and lasting effect on the quality and size of our armed forces for years to come. I'll miss you at the cabinet table seated there on my left. But you know, I always thought it was strange since your sound and thoroughly logical advice were the same. After 41 years of service to our country, I guess you deserve a break. Cap, I don't plan to say farewell because I know you won't be far away and I tend to continue relying on your counsel. I want to thank you and thank Jane from the bottom of my heart.  Thank you. Mr. President, I don't know any way to express the appreciation that we all feel my family and all of our friends here. We're taking the time to do this this afternoon and I think that people are beginning to wonder how many farewell tours I'm taking. Sarah Bernhard, I'm told, has 18 farewell tours. Working up to that, but yesterday was a magnificent day for us and we're moving to April Emotion Day and extraordinary good news to come and do all the things you did there. Serving with you over these nearly 20 years have been one of the great privileges of my life and it's been enormously good fun as well as part of real history to see the whole agenda of the United States political agenda, governmental agenda changed by the things you started in California. There were so many people in California who couldn't be done and you would never get reelected if you tried any of it but it always gives me enormous satisfaction to hear the Hill of the Chief play because you did it all and it didn't hurt you and it has changed for significantly for the better I think our government and our future and that is an achievement that comes to very few people in their lifetime. So it's been a great privilege to work with you when you accomplish this achievement. It was all set up at this party here it's not for anything that's going to come later so you can make it clear Mary. Yes. Yes hello. Let's see best for our investors. This is Jackie. Hello. Yes. Hello. Hello. And the best for our people. That's right. Yes. Hello. Hello. Hello. Great for Heather. I may recognize Justice Powell. Yes. Justice Powell and I see that there's a there's a gentleman who didn't fade away. That's right. He was never as much as I was. The Red Shaws from California Do you remember? Yes. Will Patrick. Yes I will. There she is. You also remember. Kay Lee. Right. You got it. Jose was a director of the song. I think seven or ten secretaries eight. So. A lot of institutional memory. As well as. Nancy Hughes. Nancy Hughes has a son on football. He went about it. I didn't want him to get it. See. Now there are a lot of them. There's a chairman of the joint chief. I thought. She's very awesome. She's fine with that. Right. I think. Some of us.   Hello. I present. The ball to World Cup. Thank you. Well thank you very much. Let me say. I hope that. In the world cup. Sounded. 1994. Yeah. In the world cup in 1994. The U.S. The United States they have all the possible. Well I know the secretary very very quickly. You very pleased to show you all the facilities that. I'm here in our country that could make a president. I want you to meet Bernard Richter, who is the president of our American soccer league here in the United States. Well, I'm glad we had the team out here about four years ago. It's my president. Well, I'm way back in the history of our football. Yes, yes, I'm with you. In the history of the Song Football of the First Holy See. There was a great football coach called Canute Rockney. And he'd have so many men coming out for football every year. He tried to figure out a way to maybe sort the amount and keep the best ones without taking too much time. He wanted to have the best ones as soon as possible. So he had about 100 of them. And he put 50 of them here. He had a signed ball. And he said now, to sort you out, he says football is a game that requires courage and so forth. So he said, when I give the signal, I'm going to put the soccer ball out here in the field between you. I'm going to give you a signal, and I'm going to put the ball in the middle, and you are kind of trying to keep it 50. And he said now, it might be necessary to keep a few shins if you're doing this. Remember, football is a game of courage. And then he looked down, and the soccer ball was gone. And he said, all right, who took the soccer ball? And one of the littlest men out there said Rockney, never mind the ball, when do we start kicking? Well, we wish you well. We look forward to your success. Thank you to our country. Mr. President, maybe also offer you the official FIFA penant. The FIFA. Yes, this is the world. And also to commemorate today with a special medal. Special medal for the President of FIFA. Well, thank you very much. Thank you, my President. Who too can all be of help to you. Thank you very much for this time. They want to get a formal photo, Mr. President. A nice group photo, we didn't get that. Oh. Why don't I take these? You want to hang on to the ball? You can hang on to the ball. Okay, everybody just get in just a bit. Thank you, sir. Thank you. It's just a souvenir of your visit here. This is a key. Thank you. It's a key. Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you, my President. Thank you, my President. Thank you. It was a great honor. Yes. I 100% wish you well. Thank you for taking the support. It was a great honor. From all your supporters and my kind of counsel. Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you, again. Thank you very much. The President is very honored and he especially wants to thank you to have received him, not only in his capacity as the President of the Football Federation, but for the all football families of all. And this is a memorable moment, it's the historical moment of FIFA, to the Federation and the international world. Thank you. Thank you for what you do. Thank you, my President. Mr. President, again, thank you very much. Thank you. Thanks again. You know something? I think those things have never happened before. They've got more bumps than the basketball. You're really solid. Yeah. See, no giving in their own. Can you imagine hitting that with your head? Thank you. They do. They do. But it's still there. People all over around here. This is Wilma Campbell and James Campbell. Good to see you. Good to see you. Good to see you. Good to see you. Good to see you. I think we better get you sorted in here. President, I'm a neurologist for Chicago. I remember Dr. Davis. I went to Northwestern anyway. Well, it's a pleasure to meet you. Well, thank you. We appreciate your help with this. No, thank you. I'm Patty Legman. Teresa Angrow. Such an honor to meet you, Teresa. Well, I'm out. Thank you. I'm Pat Jottle. Hello, Mr. President. Thank you for seeing us. Well, please choose. I'm surprised we're going to have everybody come back now. Pretty much. A few souvenirs. Incidently, trying to get by 1994 the World Cup soccer matches in the United States. But not just a minute. Incidentally, did you know that once one of the greatest baseball pitchers of all time, and I pitched three games of a World Series for the Chicago Cubs. No, wait a minute. No, it was for the Cardinals, against the St. Louis Cardinals, against the Yanks. And won the World Series. His name was Grover Cleveland Alexander. But it's a funny thing here. We're exchanging gifts. Because in here is a jar with this seal engraved on it. And in the jar are jelly beans. I think I'll get these out of my hands. These are key rings with the seal. Thank you. Oh, thank you, Mr. President. Thank you very much, Mr. President. If you have one second, sir, I think we're...no, not that. I want to show this as a computer printout for this store. Thank you very much. Take back to the school. Tell them I love them. Tell them I love them. The ball. We gave you the ball. You're the presidential library too. I don't think I'll take up soccer. Thank you very much. Don't forget the jelly beans. Thank you. He wants to buy it. You can't give him the soccer ball. He'll have to buy it. Thank you very much. Thank you. I was afraid they might run into the people. Mr. President, pleased to meet you. I'd like to show you a copy of the book. One hundred years of Notre Dame football. You've got a marvelous picture of you here, I think. Yep, the panel buying. The giver? Absolutely. We have four Notre Dame greatest stars here with us to meet you. And in a little later, if you will, autograph that for me. We have one that all of the players have autographed to you. This is Mrs. Shore. Yes, sir. Mr. President, you would go forward a bit more. We're going to have you read everybody else here. Mrs. Shore. Thank you. Thank you very much. This is Mr. Ralph Guglielmi. My pleasure. Mr. President, you were an all-American in Notre Dame and I was to it. I'd like to present this to you. A good friend of mine, his father played on the 1825 team. He was in the business. There's not too many of them around. Since I was in play today, that's a great idea for you. Mr. President, pleased to have you. Thank you. I'd like to see you. Mr. Norrie Hoffman, who played on Rock Needs last season 1930. I used to be the sergeant. Mr. Adrian Zachline, who was the editor of the book.  Well, thank you very much. Can I just send this for my future brother-in-law? Me. Rest of me were younger, so I didn't get to rock when I was a sports announcer. Some of us played for rock, while the rest of us came along afterwards. I know. That happened every time of morning. Every morning. It's only one gift for a dude, by the way. You're more than I am. No, this is to Pete, to Pete, for my future son-in-law. It's a very conservative... It's a conservative magazine, President, but... I went down in Chicago, from Chicago, and frankly, he was our coach at Notre Dame. And he was down there one day, and he said, Rackney hit his gipper, but I hit my jipper, and you referred to me. Thank you. Mr. President, I have some photographs here that you may want to keep. Now, I'd like to ask you a question, sir. Is this a stand-in? It certainly is not you, but it looks... when you were doing the picture. No, this isn't me, and I'm wondering... we had some players there from Notre Dame. Did he... I can't identify who that is, though. Did they shoot a few of the scenes out there, or most of them out in California? Most out in California, Loyola University. There was a field there at Notre Dame, and we had it there.  Well, Mrs. Rackney was our technical advisor, as well as our life story, so we came away filled with stories. And some of the stories that we couldn't use about it.  You know, you did not exactly observe all the training. On Friday night, he could be found in a good place, but he was making bets. And the once when Notre Dame was going to play at Valparaiso Tech, in schools like the agricultural schools and everything, and the service academies played men that had already played three years ago. And Valparaiso Tech, very tough. It was a fellow in their shooting office now with the effect that if it wasn't for George Gipp, Notre Dame couldn't even get on the schedule with Valparaiso. Gipp kind of collected for the money. He got $65 together. He talked about Notre Dame and so forth. He said, I've got $65. It says that Notre Dame will win by two touchdowns and Gipp won't make a point. And two times, George Gipp carried the ball to the goal line and fell down. Somebody else took so much. First, I'm going to make a note. These are for you. Who is by your thumb there? Jimmy Crowley. You may have them. I'm sure you've got these originally, you know, years and years and years ago when you were making the picture. These are great. Just great. I have to tell you, the reason the whole picture was made, coming straight to Warner Brothers from Sports Announcing, I had told the story of Gipp on some of my blockheads on the air. And I set out and all over the studio talking and trying to find out the idea of doing the story of Rockney. And the only thing I wanted out of it was to play Gipp. One day I picked up a variety and Warner Brothers was going to make the story of Rockney. I went to the producer who was doing my picture and I said, hey, what? He says, you talk too much.  And all over the studio I asked him, he said, look, I wasn't interested in selling the story or anything. I wanted the studio to make it so I could play Gipp. And he said, would you better move faster because he said they've already tested a half a dozen actors for the park. Well, I went running up to the right producer the woman was making. And he said, well, he's the greatest football player. And I said, wait a minute, do you mean you think that I ought to be about six and a half feet and two hundred and eighty pounds or something? Well, he said, he was the greatest. And I said, would it interest you to know that Gipp weighed five pounds less than I weigh right now? Well, then I remember the cameraman told me that the cameraman had told me that they only knew when those fellows up in those offices only knew what they saw in film. So I rushed home down in the truck, came up with my own college football pictures, photographs, took him out and put him on his desk. And it worked. He said, can I keep these four? And I said, yes. I hadn't been home 15 minutes and the phone rang and said be in the studio at eight o'clock and I took your test and put the part to give. God bless him. Paddle Bryant and I had become friends in that limited time and Pat went through all the makeup and everything just to assist in the test. And Mr. President, did you ever think you were going to play in the backfield with the greatest athlete America ever? I know. Jim Thorpe. Right. I have shown that to these gentlemen. I've shown it to sports editors. They don't know who the man was. And you, right? We're doing it. He played a minor part of the assistant coach there. And you're there, too? Yeah. Well, this is the scene where Gip has walked out and introduced Gip to the team. Freshman. George Gip. And in such a way as to get him killed said, this is George Gip who's kindly consented, carried the ball from the scrubs. And he said, just call any play, any play at all, but all the same to him. And I'd said, when Rockney told me to go in there, I'd say, well, this was my first day after he told me to get a suit and come out. And I said, I don't know your signals. And he said, oh, that won't matter. And then he made this little speech. Well, now, right in here in the line these fellas were all from SC and UCLA, all of you footmen and players were picking up some money doing this. And so what I just done my own, this was when Gip on that play at Rockney, you know, Gip went about 60 knots for a touch this way right through the varsity. That was the time when he handed the ball back to Rockney and said, I guess the boys are just tired. So I figured out that I would, oops, when I got the ball I would start out here to the right and then cut back through the line and then reverse my field and down this way. Well, I got this far and I found myself lying on my face. I was really tripped up and said, well, you know, director, but can't you stay in your feet and do it again? So when we did it again that's twice.    And I was so, and boy the man, I didn't go for the whole man. I ran over him. He said cut print. He looked like old Jim. I guess we need to do a group photo here before everybody parts. Okay, great. This is a presentation copy of the book. Shall we have it in the photo? Sure. Okay, great. You certainly would love that. That's where George is buried. Oh my goodness. And tomorrow will be 68 years his anniversary, November 20th. I don't think you want that. We don't want to bother you with that. This is a presentation copy of the book. I'll choose this one. Everybody sign that copy. Cut enough room if you want to spread out. Can we spread out? Sure. They probably figure it out. Spread out. Don't worry. Okay, great. We're talking about other ones. Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you, Mr. President.  You're surrounded by hyphen words. Did I hear that? Yeah. This is your copy signed by all of the players. I have one if you just... Trade books. That's signed by all the players. That's for the members. It's one of the church. First thing we did. When I learned that was done, I just thought... They still do it. This is Gene. I can't wait to get my green jersey on as a freshman. I didn't even think I had the gift for his cleats. Our equipment wasn't always for his class. We had some of your shoes that you learned in the 30s. Thank you very much, Mr. President. You and I have a visit at Hudson Hill Settlement House. A big chair to my wife as a director. We went before. I just want to take this opportunity to have you really autograph that photo for me, please. When you came to visit us, we still talked about it. There's a problem. There's one right here. This has been my go-to home makeover. I've passed a few games to them. We appreciate your patience. Thank you very much. These are key rings. Thank you very much. Thank you, Gipper. Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you very much, Mr. President. Thank you very much. I'd like to see the Army Navy game this year. That's one thing any more presidents can do. The security program. I can't get out. I can't even go to church. I'm doing 100 years of Army Navy football next year. I'd love to take a picture. I'd be fine. Thank you very much.