are about to witness an epic Tarot Magnus reaction. Plex City baby, City baby to Plex City baby, City baby to Plex City baby, City baby. That's my Brock Lesnar, uh, pterodactyl yell.   Listen here, pal. Plains to me like that. Nearly really kickoff. Real battery, by the way. Furthermore, I just, I just drank almost all of his tropical juice in one go. Have you ever done that? No. I will be, I will be WWE champion. Whether it means going through Brock and Reigns. Got the promo, yeah. Whether it means going through Seth Rollins. Oh no. Or whether it means through going through Brock and Brock Lesnar. Brocky, Brocky Lesnar. Brocky. The rock, even the rock. And you never believe it's like ahhh. Why can't I say that? Why?   I'll give you a battery. Subscribe, brother. It's funny, man. Of the century. Show him well work. He was telling Brock. Well, you might as well give the young lady her last. So, um, yeah, the first video I think that I saw his was he, I think it was the one when they were doing the moves in public. And then I saw the second one when he, the second one of his I saw was when he started doing moves on his girl. And he was like, he said something about like, I like to cover blue. And this girl told me she doesn't like to cover blue.  Opposed to comment down below. You don't know what she thought it is.  If you enjoyed my reaction to his hilarity, hit the like button. If you didn't, hit the like button and subscribe. What's up?  One million subscribers. Woo. Now, subscribe.


Quinn is in the bright city lights of Bunkrana, Sean. Good afternoon. Good afternoon, David. How are you? Can you recognize me at all? Have I changed any since I saw you last? You look absolutely fantastic and it's worth saying, by the way, that that lovely jumper that you're sporting, take a wee step back there so we can see it. That lovely jumper that you're sporting was very kindly gifted to you by Mark II Menzware in Cairndonna. It was indeed. We were there this morning and they were very kind to me. They thought that this was the perfect jumper for me for the day that's in it. And I have to say now, I'm delighted to have it because it's pretty cold where we were earlier. But we've moved on, David, and we're now in Bunkrana. We're in Cavener's Super Value in Bunkrana. It's actually very busy. The car park's full and we're giving away loads of goodies today. This is our day for giving. And all you have to do is come up and say hello and try not to mock you about your jumper. That's all you have to do. Well, anybody mocked me about a jumper, no chocolates. They won't get anything from me. It's free. David, we've got so much to give away. We have a great Highland ready goodie bag today. There's got 100 euros from Floor in Lettuce, Kenny. And also 50 euros from the Yellow Pepper, which is a lovely restaurant in Lettuce, Kenny. And our usual t-shirts and hats and keyrings loads of Highland goodies inside the bag. Fantastic. And all you have to do to be able to the chance of winning is head over to Super Value in Bunkrana and go and say hello to the Highland team. They do indeed. They do indeed. And I've got a little bit of a surprise for you. Oh, excited. We had a lovely young girl called Bridget came up to us earlier. And I know how much you like your music. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to introduce you to Bridget. Where's Bridget? Hello, Bridget. Going to say hello to David. Hi, David. Hi, Bridget. How are you? So, David, Bridget's going to sing as a song, a Christmas song, David. She's pretty good. Now she may end up in your band someday. Okay, I'm very excited. What's she going to sing for us? What is it you're going to sing, Bridget? Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer. Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer. Are we doing it in Irish or we're going to do it in English? In Irish. We're going to do it in Irish, David. Class. I'm so excited. How good is this? This is brilliant. Bridget, you take it away. I'll hand it with three, two, one. Wow. What about round of applause, everybody? That's unbelievable. That's Bridget and I believe Bridget's six years of age. She's a star in the making, David. She definitely is. Well done, Bridget. That was fantastic and in Irish as well, and there's lots of comments coming in on our Facebook to say just how good she is and deservedly so. So, Sean, you're out and about. You're going to be there for the next little while and just remind us exactly what you have to give away. So, we've got a great Highland Radio Christmas goodie bag. It's full of all our t-shirts and curings and pens, but more importantly, forget that stuff. It's about the 50-year-old voucher for the yellow pepper and also 100-year-old voucher for Florida in letter Kenny. So, we're going to be here for the next 40 minutes. Anybody, if you're driving around the town, come in. There's space in the car park. Come in and say hello to us. The draw is free of charge, and we'll draw it probably in about 40 minutes time. We may come back to you, David, as a link just to let you know who wins the prize. We never know. Please, if you could, you might sing your song. I was just about to say that Bridget is only six, and she was able to come on there and sing, and there you're standing with the headphones, the mic, the jumper, the hat, and you're going to sing us a song because you're only 56. So, it's nice to give you an opportunity. We're not too far away now. We never know. We might sing a wee duet and a wee well when you come back to us. Yeah, perfect. Sean, thanks a million. They're out and about, and they are in super value in Bunkranna. Once again, that brilliant goodie bag to give away, plus a 50 euro voucher for the yellow pepper and a 100 euro voucher for Florida. It's free to enter. Pop over, say hello, and the guys will enter you into the draw. Sean, we will team up with you again around about half an hour's time to bring that draw to a close and see who wins, and to get your Christmas song that we're also eagerly awaiting. Can I wait, David? We'll talk to you then.


Just over a year ago the British public voted to leave the European Union and there were three main reasons for doing so. It was about control but taking back control of our borders, of our laws and also our money. Now as you probably know Article 50 has been triggered and this is a process that will take us out of the European Union at EU level but we've also got to deliver on that taking back control at domestic level too and that's where the Great Repeal Bill fits in. It's called the Great Repeal Bill at the moment not yet been published it will be soon it will appear in the Queen's speech and it's called the Great Repeal Bill because it's going to repeal quite a lot of things but also it's worth bearing in mind when it finally does get published it won't have such a sexy title it'll be given a very dull name consistent with parliamentary traditions. Great Repeal Bill has three main aims to repeal the European Communities Act which is the Act which took us into the European Union at domestic level to convert to convert the whole corpus of EU law into domestic law and to correct to correct the UK statute book to try and ensure that it functions effectively on Brexit Day. Now the Great Repeal Bill isn't intended to make major policy changes major policy changes in the field on for example immigration will be dealt with through separate acts of Parliament. What it's meant to do is to deliver a smooth orderly Brexit so that for business whether it's pre-Brexit Day or post-Brexit Day they shouldn't feel a significant difference the same legal regime will apply. So looking at those three aims of the Great Repeal Bill first one is repeal and that will be repealing the European Communities Act and the European Communities Act gives precedence to EU law over domestic law if there's a case of conflict between the two and the Great Repeal Bill will stop that from happening well will sort of stop it from happening it's not quite as crystal clear as would first appear in respect of pre-Brexit EU rules and pre-Brexit domestic law pre-Brexit EU law will carry on prevailing. Secondly convert the whole point about the Great Repeal Bill is to convert the whole corpus of EU law into domestic law and so that is what the second strand of the Great Repeal Bill will do. No it's more complicated than that because quite a lot of EU law is already part of British law through acts of Parliament but there are certain types of rules which are not automatically part of UK law once we leave and the Great Repeal Bill will deliver that. Thirdly correct this is about correcting the statute book to remove for example references in statutes to the existence of EU law but this is where the controversial Henry VIII powers kick in Henry VIII powers those are the powers which give the executive the power to amend acts of Parliament so amend primary law and that is rather controversial because it means that the executive is taking precedence over Parliament nevertheless it's the only way that Brexit can be delivered by Brexit Day 29th of March 2019.


Welcome everyone it's great to see the room full and once again the Crawford School every time I come here hints to me that we need a larger set of rooms in this complex. Before I begin I would like to acknowledge and celebrate the first Australians on whose lands we meet the none of all people and pay my respects to their elders past and present. Your Excellencies Ambassador of Japan High Commissioner of Canada High Commissioner of South Africa and other members of the diplomatic corps distinguished international visitors ladies and gentlemen. I'm delighted this afternoon to join this international conference on Indo-Pacific Maritime Security Challenges and cooperation hosted by the ANU's National Security College and it is my privilege to introduce to you in the next few moments our keynote speaker Admiral Scott Swift commander of the US Pacific Fleet and I've had a very interesting conversation with him over the last 20 minutes and you are in for really getting a deep insight into the topic of this meeting. As the National University of Australia ANU has a mission to foster policy debate, policy insight and provide policy ideas on the issues critical to Australia's future. This goes hand-in-hand with excellence in research and teaching and this event is part of our mission the very core of our mission. In the area of national security and related fields of statecraft that is very much the philosophy of the National Security College our own NSC. Recently for instance the college has convened a week-long international conference on cyber security I got to be part of that as well this involved academia, government and industry and it was intended and did generate new concepts and partnerships to protect Australia's interest in that critical and emerging domain. Along with the Crawford School and Indian partner institutions the NSC is recently held a bilateral dialogue in New Delhi the Australian India Policy Forum and this will help inform an important and growing bilateral relationship across the full policy spectrum between our two countries and later this year the NSC has plans for a conference with Chinese academics on counterterrorism and related issues. You see we're covering the whole area and that is one of the remits of the Crawford School and the NSC. This week's conference however is decidedly marathon. It is focused on security challenges and partnerships in a region becoming known as the Indo-Pacific. No doubt that concept will be debated here but it could be described as a fresh way of looking at what has been we've been accustomed of calling the Asia Pacific with an emphasis on the economic and strategic importance of the oceans and the sea lanes. These discussions are not solely about any one country and we have imminent expert speakers from Indonesia, China and India as well as many leading Australian academics and not all of them from the ANU. That is part of what the National University is is not just to be us but bringing together the entire nation. For the reasons that Professor Medcap has noted in an earlier session there is also an emphasis on the perspectives of Japan. As the recent Australian Defense White Paper has affirmed, Australia needs to develop new regional partnerships to ensure its prosperity and security in the coming century. The Defense White Paper also states however that a strong and deep alliance is at the core of Australia's security and defense planning. Our keynote speaker today knows full well the meaning behind those words. Admiral Scott Swift is one of the most distinguished and senior officers in the U.S. Navy and carries great responsibilities for regional security as commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet with its headquarters in sunny Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Admiral Swift attended San Diego State University and received his commission in 1979 through the Aviation Reserve Officer Candidate Program. He received his master's degree from the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. His senior operational assignments include Deputy Commander, Naval Forces, U.S. Central Command Commander, Carrier Strike Group 9, and Commander U.S. Seventh Fleet. During those tours he participated in combat operations, Praying Mantis, Southern Watch, during Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. His shore tour assignments include Commander of Strike Fighter Weapon School, Pacific, Officer of the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Staff, and Director of Operations, U.S. Pacific Command. Prior to assuming command at U.S. Pacific Fleet he was assigned to the Pentagon as Director of Navy Staff. Admiral Swift is entitled to wear the Distinguished Service Medal, Defense Superior Service Medal, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, and Meritorious Service Medal along with various other awards which I think I could probably go on based on what's here all day. Our speaker is no stranger to Australia and this region I think he said it's his fifth trip to Canberra and he appreciated that the weather was very nice today and maybe not always like this. And this is particularly from his time as Commander of the Seventh Fleet based in Japan. It gives me great pleasure to invite Admiral Swift to share his insights on the regional security challenges and cooperation. Admiral Swift. It's great to be here this morning. I see many familiar faces in the crowd. I have a few comments that I'd like to make up front but I'm most interested in getting to the questions and comments that you all may have and turn this into a two way educational experience. I'm traveling with Lieutenant General Tulan, my naval partner in the Pacific. He wears two hats. He's the Commander of Marine Forces in the Pacific but he's also the Commander of Fleet Marine Forces in the Pacific and in that hat he's actually subordinate to me when Marines are embarked and then of course he takes a leadership role of those Marines when they disembark and are ashore. So it's great to be traveling with John and his team. I'd like to offer a special thanks to the National Security College here at the Australian National University and the Embassy of Japan in Australia for co-hosting this event. I'm particularly heartened by the diversity of opinion and perspective represented by those attending this important forum. As I've said many times before, these opportunities for inclusive dialogue helped to push us beyond admiring the problem of the day and toward developing more predictive long term responses to shared concerns. This conference falls at an important moment both in my tenure as the Commander of the US Pacific Fleet and for the broader Indo-Asia Pacific region that I serve in. Over the past 10 months I've traveled throughout this region from the West Coast of the United States to Northeast Asia to Southeast Asia, South Asia and most recently to the large ocean nations of Oceania. All of these sub regions are vital parts of the vast Indo-Asia Pacific through which not only our economies flow but the global economy as well. Some have described the Indo-Asia Pacific as the economic engine that drives the global economy. Whether your views are as grand as that, I have not found anyone who disagrees with the notion that the regional economy drove the rising tide of prosperity that has lifted so many from poverty. All of our nations large and small have major equities in the international rules based system established in the wake of World War II that it has been foundational as an enabler to this rising tide. Over the past 70 years this principled system has fostered a highly interconnected neighborhood in which exclusivity and hierarchy have no place. We are all locals here. There are no outsiders or subordinate states among the Indo-Asia Pacific nations. We are all given voice after World War II regardless of economic stature, heritage, culture, form of government or military strength. Some nations do not see it this way and seeking to write perceived imbalances or wrongs of the past are abandoning the international rules based system in the process. As a consequence, portions of the sea are besieged by word or deed to serve unilateral interests alone. Manifest by unprecedented examples of aggressive construction and militarization on disputed land features as well as legal appeals to historic paths that are inconsistent with international law. There is a palatable sense that an arc of right makes right is returning to the region after more than 70 years of security and stability. Attempts to justify these activities at sea are often based on channeling nationalistic history outward, the sort of thing that may stoke patriotism at home but has no place among responsible nations in international waters. It's becoming increasingly clear that a contest is underway in the most vulnerable waters of the Indo-Asia Pacific. As mentioned earlier, on one side is a potential return of might makes right after more than 70 years of stability. On the other is a continuum of international rules based system that has served us so well with limitless potential to continuing to do so. Though larger nations are certainly affected by these new challenges to the freedoms we enjoy and to the rules based system in particular, smaller nations that border disputed waters are most vulnerable and increasingly alarmed by these disruptive trends. Charmless offenses which have offered dubious reassurances in the past are clearly no longer charming and no longer adequate to buy silence or distract regional countries from aggressive activities occurring just beyond their shores. Regional rhetoric is catching up to this reality. Late last month the chairman of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and separately Singapore's Minister of Foreign Affairs raised the region's concerns about growing maritime instability at a summit in Laos. The chairman noted that colleagues from all 10 ASEAN nations and I quote remained seriously concerned over the recent and ongoing developments end quote and as such quote land reclamations and escalation of activities in the area. End quote. Reminding us that maritime disputes involve many more nations than just the direct claimants foreign minister Dr. Balakrishnan said and I quote again Singapore is not a claimant state nevertheless because we are a small country we have to firmly adhere with the concept of a rules based world order in other words we cannot have a world where might makes right end quote. I also hear clear and direct expressions of this anxiety from every regional leader and geopolitical expert I meet with during my many travels throughout the region. There are two primary elements driving this anxiety first is the disproportionate scope scale and acceleration of the disruptive activities I have mentioned before especially in contested areas and surrounding waters second is a lack of transparency about the intentions of some regional navies coast guards and paramilitary forces under their command. The resulting climate of uncertainty not only threatens freedom of the seas and chips away at the rules based system it encourages nations to transfer ever largest share of national wealth to purchase naval weapons beyond what is needed merely for self-defense. More and more media reports reflect broad concern for rising military budgets as well as calls for greater transparency and a clear explanation of intentions. Relatedly and most troubling are the undeniable signs of militarization in select parts of the region unprecedented in terms of scope and scale. The seeds of this militarization were sown by garrisons established decades ago in barely habitable outposts. Now many of their original blockhouses are dwarfed by thousands of acres of reclaimed land with newly constructed barracks, deep water ports, extended runways, high power radars, surface to air missiles and squadrons of naval aircraft. Recent restrictions on internet and press freedoms by some nations may very well reflect their true intentions toward all forms of international exchange. Freedom across cyberspace may be less tangible than freedom of navigation for ships at sea but it is no less consequential in today's interconnected world. Successful imposition of restricted national laws in international waters would likely require militarization. For these reasons I remain concerned that the freedoms of the seas and some Indo-Asia Pacific waters is not only at risk by long-standing challenges like piracy, smuggling and other illicit activities, it is increasingly vulnerable to a state-led resurgence of the principle of Mike Mank's right. I believe there is a clear choice of a best practice to emulate and replicate among the competing visions I have outlined, one that can be illustrated within the vast Indo-Asia Pacific region. Just after the new year I visited India and Bangladesh. In Bangladesh I attended the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium where I remarked that if I stood in the Straits of Malacca looking east into the South China Sea and East China Sea I saw protracted maritime disputes and a lack of transparency in contested waters. Looking west into the Indian Ocean I saw neighboring nations large and powerful such as India as well as smaller and more vulnerable such as Bangladesh and Myanmar Burma working together in international fora to resolve similar types of disputes peacefully and promote an inclusive climate of cooperation at sea. By submitting long-standing disputes to international institutions and agreeing to honor the outcomes these nations demonstrated the responsible application of a 70-year-old model forged in war tested by time modified by consensus decisions and adjudicated in accordance with international law. If I now here today re-center my orientation from the Straits of Malacca to the center of the Indian Ocean I am struck by what I see looking west. There the situation deteriorates rapidly in parts of Eastern Europe the Levant and the Maghreb. Ongoing turmoil in Syria, Libya and Ukraine reflects the resurgent challenges of international terrorism failed states and large states invading their much smaller neighbors. These challenges extend to the vital waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea which enabled the prosperity that region has enjoyed for so long. Here in the Indo-Asia Pacific we would do well to notice that these seas are now vectors of instability plaguing the region. Put simply Mike makes right is taking root in these places in ways that continue to challenge existing regional governance structures and are spreading to the international community in large part from the sea. So I end with a message of hope concern and reality hope that the international rules-based system that has served us so well regionally as well as globally for the last 70 years will remain the gold standard for issue resolution. We have only to look as far as the nations that border the Indian Ocean for an example and an affirmation that nations great and small and are valued by what up to now has been an enduring model of issue resolution and stability. Concern, concern that my example of standing in the middle of the Indian Ocean what I view as a relative sea of tranquility and looking west into the increasing chaos of the Mediterranean and the Black Seas may be analogous to looking through a window at a potential future for the Indo-Asia Pacific region. And last that the reality is demonstrated from the days of sale the great British, French and Spanish armadas as true today as then that the canary in the cold mine of regional and global stability and prosperity isn't found in a cave but on international waters. We have assumed so long these international seas are the domain of all free men. Perhaps now we too easily dismiss these freedom enablers these guarantors of stability and prosperity as simply freedom of navigation. In closing on the theme of this conference challenges opportunities and cooperation I suggest while we could admire the example set for us by our Indian Ocean friends we have an obligation to ensure that the opportunity the Indian Ocean example presents is leveraged to ensure that all rise to the challenge of ensuring the sea of tranquility does not become an oasis more defined by the chaos that surrounds it than by the stability within. The key to ensuring the longevity and application of this Indian Ocean model throughout the rest of the Indo-Asia Pacific region is cooperation cooperation in the form of applying the same international rules based system of accepted norms standards rules and laws that have served us so well so long and well into the future. Thank you I look forward to the opportunity of expanding my knowledge through your informative questions and comments. Thank you Admiral please don't go away that's I think been a very very valuable and quite compelling exposition of the issues and I particularly valued the way in which you looked at the comparisons and the analogies with different regions and different sub regions including interestingly the Mediterranean as well as the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean we have time for some questions and I certainly want to offer an opportunity to as many of you as possible to ask questions of Admiral Swift so the way we'll proceed I'll ask you to raise your hands and your first sir I ask you to raise your hands and when the microphone comes to you please identify yourself as we are on the public record I'll probably take about three questions at a time and then give the Admiral opportunity to address them so we'll start with this gentleman and then the young woman for the back. Thank you very much Admiral Teng Jianqin from China Institute of International Studies. I used to be a naval officer in the South China Sea Fleet headquarters of the PLA Navy as I should say to you and in recent years we have witnessed the competition between China and the United States has been intensified especially in the South China Sea and you know we are puzzled a little bit about the attitude by the US Navy and US Air Force toward this region some said this is a competition between and traditional maritime power and new uprising maritime power it's not only a issue of freedom of navigation so what is your comment and the second is a technical question you know in recent days I think last week or a week ago the US aircraft carrier battle group stand is in the just in the South China Sea and there were some PLA Navy vessels came very close to the battle group do you think is a professional response from the Chinese side according to the MOU you know between the two sides thank you. Two questions I think you should take. Yeah thank you thank you for the questions and thank you for being here today and if you would pass my congratulations to Admiral Su to his recent appointment to his new position as the PLA is going through a restructuring I think his responsibilities have expanded greatly. I had the pleasure of visiting Shanghai recently and and I had deep and extensive discussions with Admiral Su and and I was privileged to go to Beijing after that and enjoyed a extended evening with Admiral Wu as well so to the to the first question on activities in the South China Sea with the PLAN units and Pacific fleet units I don't see the situation there on the water as as being changed both Admiral Su and Admiral Wu and I talked about the difference of opinion at the national level between the Chinese government and the US government and we we all three agreed that it was very important for us as naval leaders to ensure that those disagreements did not manifest themselves on on the waters at sea as our navies interact together and in fact the code for unalerted encounters at sea has been a very positive development and the engagements the dialogue that occurs at sea between the captains of PLAN ships and and the Pacific fleet ships is is very positive. I think the core to that first question is best answered by comments that Secretary Defense Carter made that the US would continue to sail and fly in accordance with international law which is what we have continued to do as a force. The Stennis Strike Group was recently in the in the South China Sea there was interaction as there always is in the seas between US naval units and PLA and units as well. All I would characterize all these interactions as as being very positive bridge to bridge exchanges as you would expect would occur between any sailors at sea is the norm that that marked the interaction of of these vessels. Thank you I think the young woman here and then Hi I'm Darshan from the Observer Research Foundation in Delhi and I'm also currently with the Crawford School here at ANU. I have two quick questions when we talk about the Indo-Pacific we mostly end up talking about the countries of ranging from India, Australia, Indonesia, Japan. I want to know your viewpoints on what about these smaller island nations in the region like more of these Mauritius seashells and even South Pacific and what kind of role do you see them playing in the emerging and security discourse that's shaping in the region especially in light of Chinese investments in these islands. Second question in relation to the South China Sea disputes in recent few past weeks there has been a lot in the media about US leadership encouraging India to play a larger role in the South China Sea. This US really believed that India is ready or prepared to carry out joint patrols in the South China Sea because India doesn't seem to be ready itself and if that is leading to concerns somewhere about slowing down the process of new pace in the US maritime relationship about US pushing India too hard at public forums on issues such as the South China Sea. Thank you. I'll restrict others to one question at a time. I appreciate it. Thank you. Well it's great to see you again a little bit different than the last time we saw each other in Delhi which I think is reflective of the common interest broadly across the region. To the issues size in my mind is not a significant factor. International laws are not based on the size of anyone's country's economy or what its claims may be. It is the equalizer of all nations. So as I say as I made the comments in Delhi I wrote an op-ed for the paper and then follow on engagements in Bangladesh that I do think that there's a model to follow that the resolution of some of the disputes between India a very large powerful nation by every measure population military economy chose to go to international arbitration and to accept the outcome of that arbitration with a much smaller more vulnerable country like Bangladesh. And I think the result is you see the continued prosperity and growth within the Indian Ocean region. The ions I think was also reflective of the broad engagement and embracing of these international norms standards and rules and laws by all the nations in the Indian Ocean certainly Sri Lanka and India Bangladesh Burma the Maldives Seychelles others as well. I note that Spain had representatives there as did Germany many many the European countries and of course many of the the Pacific as well. So I think this is a model to be held up as an example. I'm aware of the comments that have been made about India's role in the region. I continue to be an advocate and a supporter of the Indian nation and Amal Dohan's view and the Indian's navy Amal Dohan's view of the future of that navy and the Indian government but I think it's very important that that they're the dialogue is focused on the interest of the individual countries and where those interests intersect that those are are the basis of where we can collaborate and cooperate. But these are serious issues there in play I think rightfully so my operations that may be directed to establish and affirm a US government's position. Those decisions are held at the US government level back in Washington DC not my level and I would suggest that this this dialogue in the background about joint patrols or collaborative patrols or collaborative exercises those discussions are best at the national level and then once the countries decide on the way forward then it is turned to us as naval leaders to determine how best to implement that guidance from from the government level. Thanks Warrie. I'm Ewan Graham from the Lowy Institute. Nice to see you again Admiral. Last time I saw you you were cutting a cake on Blue Ridge when you were still with the Seventh Fleet. Welcome to Australia. Two quick questions. One given that you transitioned from the Seventh Fleet to Commander Pack Fleet does the region look any different to you from those two vantage point? Does it matter where you where you sit? It's a lot bigger. And the second point to bring you again I'm afraid back to the South China Sea with your from a naval perspective what it's a hypothetical but if you were to lose your access internationally in Shrine to the South China Sea what practical impact would it have on you as a commander? How important is it and could you live without that? Yeah so in to address your first question certainly my responsibilities from a geographic perspective are much smaller as the Seventh Fleet commander although the tyranny of distance certainly affects the Seventh Fleet commander's perspective every day. But it is it is much different as the Pacific Fleet commander. I have to be attentive to the policy issues and the other issues that are play in the entire region. I also have a much larger responsibility for the sustainment of the force that I'm responsible for. So there's over 200 ships over a thousand aircraft. I have over 140,000 sailors that are assigned to Pacific Fleet. So there's a there's a business element of my responsibilities as the Pacific Fleet commander that consumes a significant piece of my time that was not the case when I was the when I was a Seventh Fleet commander. Look I think the question that you ask is not an uncommon question and I hear it many times for from those that I speak to in the region but it's not this isn't a naval issue. One of my frustration is and I commented in my comments today is this unpacking of the freedom of navigation. The issue is not the impact on me as a as a military sailor. The issue is the impact from an economic perspective and from a rules-based perspective. The dialogue that's occurring across the region about the impact of national laws being applied in international space to NGOs, to commercial interests, to internet access, to privacy requirements. That that is what I hear in the region as I speak to business leaders, government leaders, military leaders. That's what the core issue. I think it is important that that your question is a hypothetical. That's not an expectation of something that is going to occur but if it were to occur the implications are far beyond the scope of anything that's military in nature. It's much broader than that. Dr. Malcolm Davis, Australian Strategic Policy Institute. At the moment the Chinese are focused very much on the near and middle seas and developing capabilities for offshore active defense there but they're moving obviously in regards to the 21st century maritime silk road. They're gradually starting to build the sort of capabilities to project power into the Indian Ocean. So do you think that one possible response to China's moves in that regard would be to resuscitate the quadrilateral security arrangements, the Quad comprising India, Japan, Australia and the United States? Yeah, so the question is a little bit beyond the scope of my responsibility so let me approach it this way. I'm not a policymaker and I'm not here to give policy advice to people that aren't interested in getting it from me. But I will say there needs to be a separation of what's happening economically in the region. The economic growth is stunning and it continues and to correlate economic growth with something that's more sinister I think we need to be very careful about that. The challenge is the lack of transparency of many nations about what their intent is but every time we see an economic investment I am reluctant to correlate a military significance to that. I haven't found anybody that would disagree with me that everyone wants a strong and emerging China. Everyone is lifted by that. The question that I get from the region is by what rule set will govern that emergence? I would defer to others on the value of the one belt, one road from the economic perspectives. I see that there's value there but I'm certainly not an economist and I do think it would be premature to think in terms of the current security structures do we need to rethink those based on what is I think something that's welcomed by the region as a vibrant and growing Chinese economy? We're getting short of time. There are no more questions from the room for the moment I might just pose a question to the admiral myself turning to the alliance context of some of the conversations that we're having in this conference and elsewhere and of course a number of US alliances in the region but of course in this in this town the alliance of Australia matters perhaps a little more than the others. The alliance, US alliance with Japan is also of enormous significance. It would be interesting to hear some of your reflections on how do you see mutual expectations in those alliances moving forward and in particular any reflections you have on the Australian Defence White Paper that was released recently. A couple of points I would make. I guess I would start to say that the United States has seven formal alliances across the world. Five of them are here in the Pacific. So those that sometimes take exception to what the President has characterized the United States as being a Pacific nation I would point to that. In fact one of the oldest alliances treaty alliances that we have is with Thailand which is one of the first alliances that we signed as a new nation and certainly Japan and Australia are a part of that sphere. Those alliances are interesting because it gives us a structure on which to build relationships and from that perspective it's useful. But the other term I talk about our allies our partners and friends and I include in my definition of what friends are I include China. As I said the exchanges that we have at sea captain to captain are by and large are very formal and positive and where they get directive from policy issues they're by script. It's clearly a script that is describing the nation the national perspective of the flag that flies from that from that vessel. I have a strong relationship with Admiral Su and Admiral Wu as I mentioned as well. So I think the term friends is broadly inclusive in my perspective. It's also important to note that there's many countries in the region that we don't have formal alliances with that we have long and lasting relationships with certainly from a maritime perspective there's a series of exercises that that we refer to as carrot that we interact broadly in a multilateral and bilateral way with countries throughout the region and have for many years. So I think there is a strong relationship of understanding across the region in which to continue this effort of focusing on those mechanisms that have ensured the stability that we all have enjoyed over the last 70 years. I was I'm you know all my comments are my own I'm not speaking for the U.S. government and I wouldn't presuppose others that might be assessing the recent white paper but I was struck in reading it I was the words that come to my mind are consistency as it it wasn't there weren't major changes in there that I saw the specificity of it quite frankly I was quite envious of the stunning of direct clear guidance from the government of where they were going internally and then the physical commitment to it that there was actually a commitment from a budget perspective of putting reality behind the measures that were discussed I thought it was a broadly joint in nature I'm very pleased as a naval officer to see the commitment to Admiral Barrett's naval forces I'm going to enjoy lunch with him here shortly but the other services of the Australian Defense Forces as well I it it makes me very comfortable to see that white paper as a continued affirmation of the relationship that I join that I enjoy with the the Australian Air Force the Australian Navy and the Australian Army the ground forces so thank you Admiral thank you very much look it just remains it just remains for me to say a few last words to close this session and I know we'll be going straight into another session so most of you will probably want to remain remain in place but look it's very I think pleasing from the perspective of the university and the national security college and indeed I think colleagues in the room here from other Australian institutions that you've given a very a very thoughtful a very considered a very substantial set of remarks was today and I I appreciate the the grace and the professionalism of which you've taken the questions as well the Alliance of the United States as the Vice-Chancellor pointed out in his remarks and as the white paper emphasises remains critically important to Australia's security Australia's future we are as a nation deepening other relationships in the very context that you've you've described in this conference as a chance to really explore all of that so it just remains for me to really to thank you and to ask the rest of the audience to join me in expressing their their appreciation


Arsonists have set fire to the home of Imo State Governor Hopu Zadimma in the Imo State on Saturday. The house, which is located in Umuma, Orui's local government area of the state, was attacked and set ablaze by suspected hoodlumps clad in black. Sympathizers struggled to extinguish the fire, set to the building and on official vehicles. In a video of the attack, a lifeless body was also seen lying in front of the governor's house. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


I'm so grateful and excited to be invited to present alongside the other people today. For me, I don't know about for you, but for me it's been both fascinating and heart touching, and that's so cool. I participated in the Float On Writers Program since the fall of 2014, and after each float I wrote a creative non-fiction piece, and this is the latest one. It's called The Consequences of Floating, one. The first little while is always about coming back into my body, becoming un-num, breath and heartbeat, water lapping against skin, the muffled roar of the inside of my head. Eventually my consciousness expands beyond close boundaries to include the rumble of a truck passing on the street, a fellow floater bumping in their tank. Then the unwork begins. Time passes, barely acknowledged. When I step out, my body fits me better, or perhaps I fit better into my body, taut skin and soothed muscles with as much coordination as a new colt, pleasantly fuzzed without the hangover headache, my mind is a lazily churning eddy in a clear, warm stream, too. After several risings and sinkings of consciousness, abrupt awareness that my knees and shoulders are still bound up, do they ever fully relax? Now I catch myself tensing my left knee when it has nothing to do while I'm driving or sitting in bed, lounging with friends on a bar-side patio. And all day my shoulders knit themselves into knots, frozen in a half shrug. It takes conscious effort to reseat them, and when I check back half an hour later, they've migrated back upwards again, three, let go. It's the first thing I center on when I'm in the tank and my new mantra outside it. I breathe it into my muscles, whisper it silently when I'm afraid someone will feel angry or think less of me if I tell them my truth. Or when I feel the internal fires of jealousy, anger, shame. Instead of trying to bind, dismiss, or bury what disturbs me, I want to let go of the barriers separating me from my experience, me from myself. I want to let it come. I want to remember to forget to put up the walls for. I am a tightly clenched fist, so tightly clenched and for so long it's painful to open, not a release, a prying apart, rusted metal squealing. I want this, and yet I am terrified. If I let go, what will keep me from flying apart? My atoms, forgetting their purpose, will rush out with eager curiosity to explore the corners of the universe. If I let go, I cease to be what I am. Five. When all the emotions pile on top of me and I can't breathe, or I'm lying in my bed, my body rigid with worries, I imagine I'm in a float tank, immediate the sense of relief. In external space internalized, I carry with me a source of calm, lying in the warm dark, merged with water. I imagine leather and metal braces covering my body. I've worn them since childhood. I made them myself, thinking they'd keep me safe and stable. Instead they limit my movement and chafe me raw. One by one I unbuckle them and let them float away. Unbound. And it occurs to me now that I am unbounded too, without boundaries, limitless. I do not know what the consequences will be. I recognize only the possibility of becoming. Thanks for listening.


Everyone should have two email addresses, especially if you send email newsletters, okay? Everyone should have a public email address and a private email address. And so the public email address is what you use to send your email newsletters, the from line when you send an email newsletter should be your public email address. So for example, for mine, it's contact at georgecow.com is my public and my public email address is the one that's on my contact page. It's listed wherever I need to list a public email address. And guess what? That email address is not an email account. It's just an email alias. It's just a forwarding address. I don't ever send privately. I mean, I send my email newsletters from contact at but I can't send private email from contact at. My private email address, which is an actual email account is my Gmail account georgecow.com. And that's where if I send you email personally or professionally, if you're a client, potential client, potential colleague, everyone, when they get a private email from me comes from georgecow.com. And also, so okay, the reason why I recommend this for everybody is because when people receive your email newsletters, some of them like myself will automatically filter your email newsletters into a promotions tab or a newsletter tab. And I actually happen to clear that once a day, but sometimes people clear that once a week or once a month or whenever. You don't want that to happen when you send them a private email. You send them a private email. It shouldn't come from your public email address because they may very reasonably have created a mail rule for your newsletters. And so this is why a lot of people make the mistake of like they just have one email address and they use it to send email newsletters and private email, like it's crazy. Because then, you know, anyway. So the other reason, the other reason very important is that your public email address probably doesn't have good email deliverability compared to your private email address. Meaning, even if people don't create a mail rule for your email newsletters, it's still the fact that the email softwares like Gmail and Hotmail, people still use that in AOL or whatever, they know which emails are being opened and which emails are being ignored. And for example, Gmail has a clear algorithm that'll say, hey, you know what? People don't open contact at GeorgeCal.com. Even if you don't have a mail rule, we're still gonna put that into the promotions folder or the updates folder, not in the primary folder because we know a lot of people don't open it. You see what I mean? Versus everybody opens email from GeorgeCal Gmail because whenever we just notice in our algorithm, so like email software has become more like algorithmic instead of everything's becoming algorithmic, right? Because they wanna try to help human beings sort information. So this is why please everybody stop sending newsletters using the same email as you send your personal email. That's crazy, these days anyway. So I hope this is helpful and any questions, comment below. Real quick, I don't pay for email hosting. My forwarding address, contact at GeorgeCal.com, my domain name is just, you can get a forwarding address from your domain registrar. I use Google Domains, but yeah, I don't pay for, I mean, I pay for Gmail, Google Drive hosting, but that's a separate issue. But yeah, I don't recommend Google Workspace for, it's like, I'm like, I think people who need to send email from there at GeorgeCal.com domain, I think that's silly. I mean, these days, who cares if you send it from Gmail or from even Hotmail or whatever. It's like, people don't care. I mean, I'm not professional enough without sending from Matt GeorgeCal.com. I was like, that's silly, that's ridiculous. I've been doing sending professional email from gmail.com for 12 years and I have a very successful business. Nobody ever, I don't think anyone says, oh, you're not professional enough. Ridiculous, let's drop that. So anyway, I'm gonna let you all, I think this is enough for this segment.


Hi and welcome to the session I am Arsha and I am going to help you with the following question which says in figure 6.31 if pq is parallel to st angle pqr is equal to 110 and angle rst is equal to 130 degree find angle qrs also we are given a hint draw a line parallel to st through point R. Let us now begin with the solution and we are given pq is parallel to st angle pqr is equal to 110 degree and angle rst is equal to 130 degree and we have to find angle qrs which is this angle now according to the hint let us draw a line through the point R which is parallel to the point line st this line we have drawn through the point R such that it is parallel to the line st. Let us name this line as xy let us write the construction draw xy parallel to st through point R. Now since st is parallel to xy SR is any transversal so angle tSr will be equal to angle SRx this angle since they alternate interior angles let us write down xy is parallel to st and SR is a transversal this implies angle tSr is equal to angle SRx now tSr is equal to 130 degree so this implies angle SRx is equal to 130 degree so this whole angle is 130 degree. Now since pq is parallel to st and this is given to us and st is parallel to xy this is by construction this implies that pq is parallel to xy since two lines which are parallel to the same given line parallel to each other thus we have pq parallel to xy. Now pq is parallel to xy this implies that pqr plus angle SRq is equal to 180 degree since sum of consecutive interior angles is supplementary let us write down pq is parallel to xy and qr is a transversal this implies angle pqr plus angle qrx is equal to 180 degree since sum of consecutive interior angles is 180 degree. Now angle pqr is equal to 110 degree plus angle qrx we will find out is equal to 180 degree this implies angle qrx is equal to 180 degree minus 110 degree which is equal to 70 degree thus this angle is 100 and sorry this 70 degree. Now we will find angle qr is which we will get on subtracting angle qrx from angle SRx so we have qrx is equal to SRx minus angle qrx so this is equal to 130 degree minus 70 degree which is equal to 60 degree thus angle qrx is equal to 60 degree this completes the solution hope you enjoyed it take care and have a good day


Good to go. Good to go. All right. Welcome everyone to this webinar, Locational Data. That's what we're going to be talking about today. We have Greg Lachlan. Hello Greg. Hello Adrian. Here is a principal... What are you reviewing? I was a senior principal scientist in the spatial modelling and director of Geography at the ABS. And my first job was a lecturer in Geography at the ANU. Okay. I forgot to tell you about that one. Probably in this... One of these buildings close to here I mean. It's been the old office of... Who's sitting next to me? Professor Hutchinson. We also have Ben here today. Ben Greenwood. Hi Ben. Hi Greg. This is the technical lead of the ANS development team. So we're going to be talking about two aspects of Locational Data today. That's the developments in the Australian Gazetteer. As well as some complementary developments happening in the ANS software. That's why we've got Greg and Ben here today. I don't think you've introduced yourself, have you? Adrian Burton. Hi. I'm Adrian. I'm one of the directors in ANS.  We have to mouse that through. Yes. We'll be talking about a few things. I'll be just talking about the data connections about why data that is connected is more valuable. Greg, we'll talk to you about the... Generally about Geospatial and in particular about the Gazetteer. Ben will follow that up with what's happening in Research Star of Australia and then we'll talk about some new directions into the future. All right. The premise of why is ANS interested in Geospatial or why are we promoting and supporting? It's part of the adding value to data. Part of what ANS is... The ANS mission is to support moves, general public policy moves to elevate the data that sits behind research to be a primary output of research, to be one of the shared objects. And really that is to create better science so that it can be integrated into new data. We can test, verify the scientific and other research claims based on the data and that the data itself is more available and more reusable. That's not just enough to really have it... Just having data... Data being there by itself is not really enough. It needs to be useful and it needs to be valuable. One of the values is when you can connect that data to other data. So data itself increases in value and it can be integrated without the data or discoverable with another set of data. So really ANS is interested in making data more valuable and you will buy the connections with other data. Now what are the basis of those connections? The basis of those connections are common attributes or common concepts. One very common concept to lots of things is the location. Lots of things happen... Well, most things happen somewhere and lots of data reflect the fact that this observation happened here or happened in this region. So place itself is a common cross-cutting concept across data. Time as well, things happen at a particular time and can be of research interest just knowing which data was collected at what time. The projects that the data is related to is another cross-cutting thing that says this data was part of another project and therefore we can infer things from it. The people involved are also another connecting point the field of the research itself and maybe it's just a particular scientific concept like salinity. So if that salinity is expressed in a common standard way then again we can discover data that is about salinity and we can integrate two observations about salinity. So it's from a very broad view that there's lots of things, there's lots of very fundamental concepts that we're interested in promoting standard ways and easier ways of manipulating those concepts in data. The two scenarios we're really looking at here is how could I find things and see whether I want to use it in my research or second one being if I find it how could I integrate this with other data. So location is one of those key concepts that say how could I find everything in all the data about Calguli or about a particular plot that I'm investigating. And the second thing would be having got that how can I integrate two data sets using the fact that they have a shared value of location or some other shared concept. So in order to do that at sort of large scales then there are standards and encoding standards and we'll learn a little bit more about that here. But the basis, the why we're interested in is this idea that we can make our data more valuable by having these connection points and having those connection points encoded in common standard ways to talk about the Australian research data commons. In order to have a commons there needs to be some common values I suppose and values in both senses. So in my data if I'm talking about salinity or location and you're talking about salinity and location in your data what encoding, what systems, what tools can make it easier to make those connections. So in general we're interested in those connections and making that easier. So that's why we and had a partnership with both Geosciences Australia and the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism to try and make it easier for researchers to include location information in their data and that project was the against here of Australia. So Greg will be talking to us about that even before we get there Greg is just going to give us a little bit of a basic tutorial on some of the concepts involved in geospatial data. Great. Can I just use the space bar? Thanks Adrian. What we'll screen now hopefully is the Geospatial page from Ann so just Google Ann's Geospatial and you can have a look. There's a bit of a pun there, where is geospatial? By that I meant where is it on our website so some of the things we're talking about today are in here. Now before we get to the gazetteer the machine component of the gazetteer has a long URL and it's too long to write down I think. So we will undertake to put that URL up on this on the website under geospatial so get that out of the way now. I've only got two slides here so I'll probably talk a little bit around some of these points. Now the first point might sound a bit twee loosely means mappable but there's more to that than might appear. Something in statistics something that is mappable means it's continuous in space or smooth in space or for the statisticians in the audience it's spatially auto-correlated. Now I'll give you an example of that. Elevation is mappable because a process is operated on it over millions of years to smooth things out. So unless you're in limestone country an elevation at one point on the Earth's surface is going to be correlated to a point close to it. In other words, it's essentially a smooth and continuous thing. So let's think of something that will be easy to map temperature because it's a fluid or occupies is a characteristic of a fluid abrupt boundaries smooth themselves out so temperature is an easy one salinity, elevation all those sorts of variables that are continuous but let's think of one or an example that is the opposite. If we were to take a photograph an aerial photograph of cars in a car park I would say that for most unless something unusual is going on like a parade the correlation between colours of those cars will be essentially zero so they're not mappable in a normal sense so you couldn't really map the colours of cars in a car park. There is no reason to expect a black car next to a black car and so on. So the first point I hope we've dealt with that reasonably well it means that it is extensive in space and things that are close to each other are correlated all have similar values. Now a second odd point which comes a bit easier then ok so what does geospatial mean it means it's mappable things that logically have coordinates like a trick point which is those little black circles you see on cans on the top of mountains street addresses anyone who's got a smart phone knows all about that your current location so anything that has a coordinate and these days the coordinates are usually given in terms of latitude and longitude and there is a standard datum which is actually the centre of the earth these days. Now it's not just points that we're interested in when we talk geospatial we're also interested in things that have boundaries and you can think of dozens of things suburbs, catchments just all manner of social economic environmental things things that can be expressed through post codes there is a long list of those sorts of things but here are a couple that may not come to mind immediately things that are represented by pixels now I'm thinking here of imagery out of planes imagery out of satellites remote sensing and in a few moments I'm going to show you that in modern geographic information systems which is the technology that sits under geospatial there is the power now to drape an image over for instance a map of the earth and have that image fit very precisely it's a very well developed science I suppose or technology might be better and then finally things that are represented by lines so for instance a paddock if you're thinking in an agricultural sense a paddock it could be represented by a boundary it could be represented by a pixel it could be represented by a line only in the sense if that line is actually joined up to make a boundary so I'm thinking here lines as linear features like drainage and streets or for the fat matter the edges of a building so basically you have points I'm now going back to dot point 2 we have points, we have polygons we have pixels and polylines they're the four things that make up geospatial so think of a polyline if you think of a braided stream a stream which has lots of little contributories to it they're the things that could only be represented by lines now moving on increasingly these examples I've given so far really relate to the physical sciences largely but increasingly social, economic and environmental data and government data as well are being collected and generated with one or more of these dimensions and I refer to the dimensions as these attributes and you'll see that the Australian Bureau of Statistics now is no longer coding its social and economic stats to local government areas which change all the time by the way they code them to little stable blocks called mesh blocks whereby aggregating those mesh blocks you can essentially reproduce any shape you like therefore you can effectively effectively cookie cut statistics to any shape that you have in mind now you couldn't do that five years ago increasingly technology is enabling these dimensions to be put together and by put together I really do mean integrated I'm going to give you an example it's a very brief one in a moment where an analysis can be performed by and between layers and if those layers are social, economic, environmental in other words fundamentally different kinds of data this is potentially a very powerful area of research now the example I've given here is from the physical sciences again I apologise for that but that's what I am a satellite image of land cover draped perfectly on a map of geology imagine that you would expect the land cover the vegetation and all the rest of the things that are on the land you would expect them to show some sort of correlation with the soil and rock that sits beneath that these days it is possible to drape an image all kinds of images over all kinds of base maps in just one or two steps the other example which is the one I am going to give is statistics on health versus income they can now also be represented on the same surface now this image here is an example more or less of the cutting edge of geospatial this is a real time image in the middle if I can just get this little mouse to do something let's move a bit of impediment here hopefully you can see now this is actually a top view or a plane view of a boat that is a boat so I've labelled that that I say here the boat is moving in real time but in reality everything around the boat that is moving the boat is stationed on the screen and I don't know what happened there but none the less we are back so in fact the world moves past the boat in exactly the same fashion as if you looked outside of the boat now you also have you can see there the blue is water the yellow and green is land so that is in this case what a base map is so you can see there is some sort of channel marker here this is water it's going somewhere in this case it's going out to Jervis Bay but what we have here in red is actually a digital broadband radar image in real time so it is confirming that the shoreline is indeed there and there it's confirming that the shoreline is very accurately represented but it's also showing you a number of features here that aren't on the map so they are likely to be boats things like that so here we have an example of topography which is in this case electronic charts I'm showing you this because hopefully it shows you the sorts of things that are possible this is real time, the next example is not so we have remotely sensed things that are in red that aren't on the map they are boats, moorings, kayaks and they are perfectly overlaid when this boat sneaks around the creek here the radar will bounce off this starboard marker here and show it whether it's in the right place or not and if it's in the wrong place according to the map then the radar image will be over here and that is where the actual marker will be the accuracy of this system is better than 2 meters there's an example of a real time geospatial system here's another example which might be more germane to researchers here's an example I found we have the state of Maine here and you see three different kinds of data being represented here in this analysis we have a population divided by area the area is derived by these statistical boundaries if you can see the mouse and hopefully I'm not going over the top with its movement these are the equivalent of our suburb boundaries although they are very large suburbs counties if you will and the number of counts in the census has been divided by the area to give you a population density and to make this realistic in other words to provide context we have the ocean we have lakes and all other things now if you see at the left hand side of the screen in orange there is nothing now to stop us adding roads, income transport models now I say transport models it is now possible with modern GIS that's geographic information systems software to do analysis between layers and across layers and within layers so you could do analysis about what is the relationship for instance between income health and population density there is virtually no limit and as Adrian said at the top of this webinar there are models now that are very well developed and in the spatial industry and geospatial industry the models are very well developed so that if you bring in a data set that is compatible it will fit, it will know where it exists in the real world and you will be able to do analysis and operations on it so in other words if we were to put towns on this map of Maine the towns would know where they are and they would know their populations relative to this other source of population data which was actually aggregated to these county boundaries so there is an example hopefully closer to the research sector now I am going to just give two very brief examples of the Gazetteer of Australia and we are well ahead of time so I will digress for a minute when I was director of geography at the Australian Bureau of Statistics the Gazetteer was just a great long paper list of official place names in the country of which there are about 310,000 plus there is of course alternative names it adds up to about 600,000 trees in that database I think that is right so over a period of years and with the involvement of Geoscience Australia, Office of Spatial Policy and CSRO I need to mention we took it from a essentially a paper based product and produced a web product which you see here now that first URL I think you can write that one down it is fully operational now and I will show you a couple of examples the second one is a little bit too much to write down but we will put that up on the ANDS website if it is not already there so what we have done and what I am going to show you now is an electronic interface it is a web interface it has basic map type functionality not quite the sort we saw in the last two examples but it is a big step forward from where it was a few years ago just a great long list which you had to pay significant money to get I might add so now next two slides and there are only two I am going to just show you two of the typical uses these are very basic uses there is the Gazetteer of Australia 2 that is what we are going to call it it has a map interface as you can see very much like a Google map interface it has open street maps now all I have done here is enter the name and basically you enter a name in here I have not defined a feature type feature types are things like coasts, tree points bays homesteads urban areas so I have not done that I have just entered the word orange in there and up it has brought all of the returns or should I say the first 50 returns there are as you can see 111 results and I think for most people if we are thinking entry level that is how it is going to be used when you hover your mouse over this orange creek here which is a homestead it is equivalent we will be highlighted over here and vice versa you can download them you can save them and over in this box here I am trying to keep the mouse movements down a bit you can find a little bit more about orange creek you can save this all you can sort it you can do all those basic things and as you can see it is covered with a CC by license the next slide which is my last slide shows a different kind of query in this one I have actually entered a feature type and here I have entered airport as you can see and I have restricted the geography so I have done two things in one operation you could do all of Australia all I did was draw a box and enter the feature type as you can see it is called a polygon search that is a polygon over there and it is brought up all of the airports that are inside that polygon and again you can download them as a comma separated variable file so on of course the metadata comes with them oh yes there is one other thing just before coming into this presentation apart from sharing a few gags which we did not know were going to air I got an email from the consultant Lucas Foxton and in that email he is outlining some possible future developments and improvements of the Gazetteer which will involve CSIRO the people in Siro doing Gazetteer work the SIWS people Geoscience Australia and the Office of Spatial Policy and although it would not be right for me to talk about those plans there are some pretty sort of heady looking things that might be done with this software to integrate it with other efforts around the world and to make it available for further development so again as those things happen we will let you know a little bit more about that over to Research Data Australia and the impact of spatial and geospatial metadata Research Data Australia I am sure most of the people in the audience are familiar with as a portal for Australian researchers to discover data and the connections which Adrian was leading to earlier in terms of how Geospatial is used in Research Data Australia we have a big emphasis on discovery and being able to discover something based on where it is in the world is a very natural way for people to browse Research Data Australia I think has 75,000 records in it at the moment probably a little more than that and so finding efficient ways to look for data that is interesting to you as a researcher or being able to browse is very important so doing that based on where the data is collected, if it is a collection where the data is based or housed is a very natural thing for people to do furthermore adding to the aspects of discovery once you are looking at a collection for example I have got an example on the slide on the right there of population genetics in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific Ocean now that is a pretty sizable area of the Earth's surface and so based on that alone you might not know the applicability of that data set to something that you are interested in as you can see the record has been encoded with quite rich metadata there as to where the data was collected I think is what that is displaying the coverage and that would give you a lot more precise and a more natural way to view where that might be on top of that how we get that information into research that Australia at the moment is through our providers most of whom are providing it through an automated process exposing records that they have on their site but what we have considered is how easy it is for those providers to actually capture or enrich their records with that data at the moment of our collections I think about 65% will have some form of locational spatial information describing where the record is or what its coverage is but we are obviously looking for ways to enrich that and increase that proportion and as part of that initiative we will be releasing fairly shortly I think early next week the ANS location capture widget effectively it's a very small snippet of software that allows you to provide a very rich interface to capture spatial information and I think if I can pull it across we can have a quick look see if that's going to work that looks good effectively if I pull up the demo it's probably a better idea this tool allows as Greg was discussing the concept of placing a point or a marker on the map and immediately in one click you've captured that information in a sort of machine format of a way similarly to draw a region or an area this is more than one click but we very quickly captured that area in light of the availability of the Gazetteer of Australia which this label needs to be changed to you can also search for places so for example I can probably see Mount Ainsley from here in Canberra and we'll come up with Mount Ainsley Australian Capital Territory and in two clicks again we've captured that information similarly to complement the Gazetteer we've got Google Maps integration Google has an idea of where you'd think Sydney is I think it's just a big square on the CBD so that may not be as necessarily as rich a quality as what's coming out of the Gazetteer but it does give a fallback and a separate option there'll be in terms of the Gazetteer's results we're just doing keyword searches here if you require more a better way to drill down through it and suggest using the interface that Greg discussed earlier this is really a lightweight very quick way of being able to integrate it so effectively to create this form which is just an example of a use case we've pasted three lines of code and that's generated the form and I know we don't necessarily have a technical audience but any person basic web development knowledge will be able to implement this into a form very quickly and easily so that form would typically be a part of the deposit workflow into an archive absolutely and it's very flexible any aside from having to be web based any application workflow would be able to add that and capture that information at a librarian level actually enriching it based on some hard copy information or whether it's part of an application that a researcher is actually using and they can capture in real time where their observations might be and whatnot the limitations I suppose are we're looking in two dimensions we're working on Google Maps which is obviously just a cross-section of what you can be doing with geospatial information in terms of other things happening at ANDS with Spatial we've had a bit of a review of the way that we do search and discovery and we've had a good look at the algorithms and the search capabilities that we have they have been tweaked in light of various input both from within and outside of ANDS we're expecting that it'll provide a much richer set of results so when you're searching for a certain region things that are most applicable to that region might come up first and further down you might get things that are only vaguely related and that's come about as in light of some of the new capabilities of the Gazetteer and also just some algorithmic adjustments would it be wise to go back and see what the Gazetteer would have brought back to Sydney? I think it's going to get a lot of use so what we've tried to do so let's do that search for Sydney again we will get heaps of results we've obviously got a a lot more limited interface here, it's lightweight but they will give you I think in order of suburbs, city areas and move down to I'm sure there will be Sydney different Sydney's all scattered around the country there might be points in a random sort of area, we've tried to leave those suppressed down to the bottom and give you what we can infer might be the most accurate one so can you click on one of those and get something? which is a lot richer than if you were to just type Sydney and get the Google box which covers the entire region got a question on the screen over there just wondering if the Google choice on the widget would enable selection of international as well as Australian locations so yes, we're using the Google Maps API so if we look for Budapest, Hungary we'll similarly get that ability you wouldn't have that level of parity I suppose the Australian Gazetteer is going to give you much more accurate and richer results within Australia but that's why we've left it in there as a fallback you can call it a fallback or additional functionality if you want but the ability to capture international results and that's simply a query against the Google Maps API and the data quality will be based on how Google is capturing that Greg, a question on international activities to federate Gazetteers would you like to make a comment on that? the short answer I think Sam asked that one Sam Searle, the answer is yes now I haven't got any details from Lucas Foxton there are just a whole bunch of things that are being facilitated by the focus of spatial policy I think there's a couple of things I know the discussions have taken place with the custodians of the data sets which are the various state mapping authorities to use the Gazetteer transactionally in other words to use it to update the Gazetteer in real time and that I understand is going well there's talk already about integrating the marine Gazetteer into it and beyond that all I saw was from Lucas and I know he's probably listening and probably wondering what I'm going to say next and so am I but there's efforts to integrate it with the United Nations Spatial Data infrastructure projects all around the world that's probably all I can say about that at the moment so the question was what initiatives are afoot to integrate this into other international Gazetteer work the first thing is it was designed to do this because the part of the specification for the project was that it would be based on the current open standards and the supported international standards organizations the ISO standards that are out there and that are supported by the United Nations and other international mapping groups so we have I think it's probably I can be corrected but it's the only instance of a working Gazetteer that is fully compliant to those international standards they've only been they were finalized and invented as we were doing the project I remember that the specification came three quarters of the way through the project and we were madly scurrying in fact we extended the project in order to enable that so from the design point of view it has been designed for this and obviously you'd want to have it integrating into our next door neighbors so New Zealand and Mauritius or whoever the other close neighbors of Australia might be and obviously into the global view and Mauritius Iro have already got some research and implementation initiatives for that global standard of Gazetteers and for the integration based upon that global standard I see a question here from my friend Paul Tellersley it says it looks like each feature in the Gazetteer is a point as an interrally and entries like the Coral Sea to have a shape file or polygon associated with it yes Paul that's one of the things that I did fail to mention is that in the email from Lucas there was proposed high level integration with the Australian standard not ASDD Australian Spatial Data Directory and so yes of course there is nothing in the system that limits it to points the only reason that's the case now is that ASDD Australians simply have those points there we will add but all kinds of polygon boundaries will be added to that I expect in the future Paul just to be clear here this video is one of these it's an infrastructure project from Anne's and had the choice of inventing just doing a Gazetteer if we wanted it was not the route that we took it was a partnership with these long lived mapping and geoscience agencies who's part of their charter to do these things so we partnered with them to create or extend their infrastructure facilities in such a way that would be optimised for research so this really is designed for research groups to be able to use the machine to machine interfaces into this Gazetteer to really ramp up the capabilities of their own GIS research tools and for example the widget thing that Ben showed us so we've partnered with with these long lived Australian government agencies in order that this be a part of the Australian infrastructure and optimised if you like for the research infrastructure the only thing there is that they're both Commonwealth agencies of course the information from this comes from states so behind all this the sustainability the ownership of it is owned by a few high level committees the Committee for Geo Names of Australia something like that yes the CGNA are the group of stakeholders that own and maintain the base location information and in partnership with the Commonwealth make it available through this tool the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping is the other unit I wonder if there's sufficient interest in the audience on its extension further development I see that Lucas Stockston is there I wonder whether Lucas would like to elaborate on this we can hear from Lucas are you happy to do that Lucas do you think it's a mutus perhaps? I agree ok and look thank you for that email I wonder if you just run with this Lucas a bit further and maybe go back to Paul's question about polygons because in my part I talked about the different kinds of spatial data and I know all around the country people are interested in polygons and rastas and vector layers all sorts of things so do you want to say a bit about that please Lucas sure before I do I should actually also mention I was involved with this only at the very tail end in terms of doing some minor redevelopment and then the implementation of the solution Barit Standerthal who's also in the audience today our project managed the initiative so I'd also welcome Comet Trimmerith he feels it like that at the moment we're in a discussion with a number of parties most of them from within Syro around potential future development to the Australian Gazetteer but also potential future integration of the Australian Gazetteer not only with Indonesian Gazetteer but also into the UN-SDI Gazetteer framework so we can align with that particular framework and then integrate our Gazetteer into other world Gazetteers that are coming online that's going to actually provide an official not only national capability but global capability in that space so that's sort of the general discussion that's happening at the moment and don't quote me on any of this but it's looking very favourable and within the scope of an initiative that I'm currently approaching around what you mentioned in the Australian Spatial Data Directory which is really a spatial method art catalog if you like the Gazetteer in essence is a spatial data set that can be referenced by BASDD there is a potential scope for undertaking the next round of enhancement essentially upgrading and enhancing and drawing upon additional capability that's been built into the underpinning open source products of the Gazetteer which is a product called Geo Server but also together with that drawing upon advancements that subsequently happen with especially the Open Geospatial Consortium there's a whole OGC set of standards that's relevant to the Gazetteer and there's three in particular that are the greatest relevance and actually the greatest utility in what we're doing and Ben's certainly drawn on one of those that one is called Web Feature Services or WFS there's another one called Web Map Services WMS and one called Web Coverage Services or WCS and in the latest versions of those standards it actually offers a lot more additional functionality than what the current version of Geo Server offers upon which the current version of the Australian Gazetteer is predicated so I'm hoping to be able to draw upon that at a point in the near future I'm talking about things that actually Adrian mentioned in his first slide so for example WMS Web Map Services in its current version which is 1.3.0 now not only enables us to plot points within two dimensional space but also to plot polygons in two dimensional space but actually also in three dimensional space so now we can specify elevation as well as two dimensional qualities in terms of plotting places or locations but even beyond that or dimensionally so doing it plotting points not only two dimensional on a map and also in terms of specific layers of elevation but also different points across time so an example of that might be somebody might be interested for example in ozone concentration at different elevations at a particular point in space to say over Sydney Airport to take an example may they be interested in understanding that at a point time equals x that may also be interested in understanding that at a point t equals x plus whatever or at multiple points in the future so we're hoping that into the future we can actually build lots of two dimensional capabilities but actually four dimensional capabilities that includes consideration of elevation both positive and negative and also time so that's one example of what we're looking to do but there's at the moment we're actually dreaming big there's so much possibility of the sounds before us and of course as always we need to to address those things that are a priority for the community first and foremost and then and certainly look at the short term and then work out what we approach aspiration because on that point okay look thank you very much Lucas that was terrific I wonder Moditz do you have anything you'd like to add to that? No thank you very much that was very welcome and but I can say that having not seen what was done with the visitors I'm also very very interested in the utility but also the useability of the demos that we've shown and thanks Moditz good I think we don't have any more questions on the guest here so we might move on is that right? Two quick questions Sam Sehls mentioned possible confusion in the naming of the of the tool and I'll take that as definitely as a comment in the ANS RIFCS schema we have a concept of coverage and location as separate attributes of a data record and calling it one and not the other we'll have discussion I think probably a little bit later today and now that one down before we put it out to release next week the second question is from our colleagues in Canberra is the widget available to researchers to set their own boundaries or is it for the data centre admins that once the data set has been deposited to a repository I think with respect to that it's entirely contingent on the workflow that an institution or a researcher is using the tool as I mentioned is completely open source it's all based on open standards and the codes fully released so if a researcher had a use case to put the widget in an application that they are using the data centre admin was looking to enrich records as they entered the repository it could be used in either of those settings quite easily the idea there was that we had this was something that was available for people manually depositing a collection description with ANS this was a tool that we were developing anyway but not a very small proportion of our records about data collections are actually manually crafted within the ANS environment most of them are crafted back at the different archives and data repositories that send records to us so the first thing we thought okay well how can we enable spatially enable those descriptions further back in the process and then if you can give this widget to the people who are providing the research groups and theoretically this is a great thing to have on the little laptop that you've got whilst you're making the observation in the creek so as far back as we can push this into the research process the better and this is just one example of a widget, there will be other ways to integrate directly into the gazetteer and other spatial reference data sets way back into the research process and remember ANS this part is just about the discovery part describing your data set that it has this coverage, there are lots of applications of this actually within the data set itself which will be enabled by the gazetteer before we move on to the next part Greg who was well let me say first that from an ANS point of view Greg Lachlan has been the project coordinator for the gazetteer of Australia 2.0 and we thank him very much for his persistent efforts and his expertise who else did you work with Greg? Well Prada Colt would have me thanking you first but I've got to it was nice those comments and I was no one happier than me to see that great big paper is turning to something as pretty as this and see that little widget extension and how quick it was now I would like to thank a couple of people in fact too from Private Enterprise which is Moritz van der Vlucht from Mercury Project Solutions and the programming team down in Tasmania called Geometry, I hope I've got that right but here in Canberra from the Office of Spatial Policy Helen Owen and Chris Boddy and we were just fabulous and without them this truly would not have happened Excellent Alright let's move on to Directions Really this is our first kind of webinar around Geospatial but it's part of a an agenda, a geospatial agenda that we're pursuing and it's not just ANS I mean this is just happening in society people it's taking over your phone it's taking over everything so we're just reflecting the changes that are happening in society what is ANS responding about we've got more resources there more web pages, guides and tools for example the widget that we saw today will be on the ANS website for download as of next week we have a software release I think in about ten days so within two weeks I imagine that should be available on the ANS website there are a number of projects, development projects that ANS has been involved in and continues to be and more projects in the future so that Gazetteer project that we talked about today is one ANS project we also have a very big project called the Spatial Information Services SIS which is really about if I'm a serious geospatial project and I want to run my own GIS system then how do we do that well then that project has developed a whole stack of tools to be used there so that project has just completed I saw last week and so the project report goes up there the output of that project and all its tools will also be available on the website we have a number of other applications, tools projects in ANS and in collaboration with Nectar so there are a number of geospatial projects on the boiled air and so you'll see the outputs of those projects on the ANS website and actually in use in these research projects there's ANS software we saw a couple of updates that have happened now and we will be increasing continuing that optimisation of the geospatial capability of ANS software we continue again the support and community building so workshops working with different communities as a part of that we have a series of webinars, geospatial webinars, this is the first in a series there'll be another walkthrough of ANS software on the 6th of December just after the release so if you have people who want to be walked through all the functionality of the ANS software, not just the geospatial stuff but everything that's webinar will happen on the 6th of December we have a few to be confirmed webinars so Ben Searle of the Australian Bureau of Statistics has agreed in principle to talk about the new ABS spatial framework and that's possibly into next year so that's a more applying geography throughout that kind of statistical view of the world so that's another interesting application of geospatial Ryan Fraser I hope he's listening Ryan from the CIS team because he doesn't know this yet but we would like them to report on that important CIS project so that again early next year plus there are a couple of other projects that I said so stay tuned on this channel on the geospatial webinar channel we've got quite a few things well as long as you keep watching the same programs again and again yes really 24 hours a day so yes into next year we hope this will be part of support and can I just put it out there if you've got any ideas of what might be done as part of this community building general capability building or if you've got some tools or things that you'd like to highlight through this channel we are very very keen to find out more from you as well are there any late questions we're coming into the home straight here where can we get the widget from from the ANS website can I plug geonext.com.au can I do a plug for the I thought it was something we were going to do let me start again can I plug the geonext.com.au the future of geospatial conference in February 2013 in fact there's also geospatial gov special at gov next week so if you're interested in the general area there's a conference here in Canberra as well so that Moritz wanted to bring our attention to geonext.com.au good so if you want to follow this we have a geospatial page on the ANS website so that would basically be the spot to follow that if you're interested in ANS software development you could contact services at ANS or you could follow Greg on no, he's not he's not he's not he's not no I'm on my motorbike follow Greg on his boat in Jarvis Bay if you have the right tools alright thank you very much everyone thanks Ben and thanks Greg it's been an interesting chat and thank you everyone in the audience for coming along I suppose it's not the right word in the new world and thanks in particular to Moritz and Lucas who were put on the spot to stay staffed a bit during the thing thanks for that and we'll see you at the following geospatial geospatial webinars and a little thanks to our technical guru, Alex and then to Hayes thanks for that alright see you soon


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