I think we'll get started. I know we have a number of people online. I think these are the panelists only not all of the participants so there are others who will be watching in I think we're also recording this session so fyi if you're going to speak. We are doing a recording of this. I want to make you aware of that. I think our intention today is to bring everybody together for the first time since the more public announcement to have a conversation. Invite newcomers to the conversation who have not been previously aware of this, not because we didn't want to invite anyone but simply because the just concentric circles reaching out to people who were introduced to us at various times by others and so this is our more public announcement with an intention to form an open wallet foundation later this year ideally and get this off the ground. I want to do is make sure that we're not excluding anyone as we lead up to that. And in the process of doing this formation want to make sure that everybody has an option to participate in the conversation and what we're building together. There seems to be a lot of interest in this area and a lot of opinions. And that is not uncommon in open source. We deal with that all the time. But I think our challenge over the next few weeks is to coordinate what is sort of that minimum viable foundation that we can all work towards together. The core of what everybody really needs out of this. There may be a lot of interesting ideas that people have opinions people have or views of how certain things should work and I just encourage everybody let's try to focus on that area where we can find common ground right now. And get a starting point going. It's open source so contributions are more than welcome. I think one of the things we are also trying to identify is what contributions of engineering talent code bases and things are expected to be coming. There was some various debates have been going on about whether you know we should be funding a central development team or have a central coordination team around the development effort or some way to assist in to getting a core engine out there as fast as possible that's viable for people to use and build and that's one of the things we are trying to address. So I think I'm going to start with a couple of questions from if you missed Daniels keynote this morning I thought it was on point and on message about this is about building a wallet engine. This is not the fire fox wallets. So we're not anticipating to be a wallet service provider or managing a wallet infrastructure for this. We're doing the exact same technical work effort and architectural discussions and everything else. Why not do it together. It's have an open conversation about it building a core that all of you can build your own solutions and products from or services. We have governments involved who are very interested in this we have private companies we have many different sectors from airlines, banking, financial services. We have telcos. I mean, gaming, I'm going to be talking to our gaming community in a few weeks. So there's a number of different potential use cases. Then you get into practical use cases like automotive companies are already dealing with these challenges with digital car keys and things like that and how do we enable them to work in an open model with us on this. I hope to not have to say much today. I think it's more about all of you coming to consensus together. And with that, Daniel has brought us all together in a way I think many of us have been connected to Daniel. We're on the panel. But now that we're opening this to a broader conversation. I think it's it's time that we start to push this into more of a community conversation. I don't know if he's here, but I don't think he views himself as the leader of this by any means and just a fire starter to get the conversation going. Thank you, Mike. We camouflage this as a panel discussion, but what this really is is a marketing and advertising event. We're trying to convince you to join. And that's really why we're here. The people on the panel. And I discuss, you know what the question should be we have I think 40 minutes in total. You know, five of which already elapsed. We are 15 people. So we're left with 15 people and 35 minutes. And I really want to focus on one primary question today, which is, why are you here. What excites you about the open wallet foundation. And why should other people potentially as excited as we are part of this. We're maybe everyone here alphabetically I think Alan, you are the first and I hope I will not screw up. And if other people you know I see some of my my heroes Brian you're you're here you're not officially part of the panel but if anyone wants to say something who has something in their panels please feel free to join in. This is very much the spirit in which we're here.  It's about bringing different people from different industries together bringing the private sector and public sector together to hopefully create secure into operable multipurpose wallets. So with that, Ellen, I'm over here. No worries. Everybody had a seat. My name is Alan Bachman. I'm an identity practitioner and research architect. And I think, you know, this is an important movement I'm excited to be here at the announcement to think it was the pregnancy. As it was stated, and I think this will spur a lot of innovation and happy that it's going through the open. Thank you. Andrew, I think you're next and a special thank you because it is in the middle of your night. That's the kind of commitment the open wallet foundation requires so before you commit. Look at Andrew look at Juliana this is what is expected from you. Thanks, Daniel. It's, it's the beginning of the morning, I think over here on the West Coast of North America. Hi, I'm Andrew Hughes, director of identity standards that's paying identity. And not sure how many know but things being around for over 20 years now and open standards open source it's it's in our DNA. And, you know, from the beginning, our, our early and mid and late. Identions as we call ourselves have worked on contributed implemented debated standardization for communications, identity interoperability, all the way through. We have a proportionally large standards team for the size of company, and we're active in the, in the identity interconnection standard space as many of you know. It's an exciting time. You know, we've, we've watched the, the digital credentials world start to wake up over the last, let's call it five years. And then the grants lead into learnings, which we build on. And here we are. I think we've really tried to take a look at the entire environment landscape of what needs to happen for a successful digital credentials world. Where people are an actual part of it, not just holders, not just agents, but actual people. Governments can do what they need to do. Governments can do what they need to do. And comes down to the infrastructure at the end of the day. And one of the critical pieces is the wallet, wallet agent. Without that, you can't scale it, probably. You would rely on each individual to do their own tiny thing, and it would be hard to connect everyone up. So we're really putting our, our attention to the wallets and the open wall of foundation. And, you know, we're, we're proud to be a part of it. It continues on with the, the direction that ping has supporting the open standards and as much as possible the open source world. So that's a common toolkit out into place that we can specialize on things we specialize in, and really looking forward to contributing. Thank you. Thank you. I think you're next and everyone who's not on West Coast time, three minutes tops please exception for the people who are joining from the West Coast. I'm Bryn Robinson Morgan, my work at Mastercard within our digital identity business. And we're building a globally interoperable network for digital identity. So digital wallets on new, in fact, the most popular ones have been around for over a decade now. So why is the mission of the open wallet foundation important. So as we move towards web three, where digital credentials will be fundamental to how we interact and engage with products, services and each other. Wallets will become a critical component of the functioning of the web, just as browsers are today. At Mastercard, we lead on digital trust through our engagements at Trust over IP ID 2020 and many other industry bodies. These communities, because they drive innovation and interoperability. And this in turn supports our mission for convenient smart and secure ways to interact in the digital age. The open engine as the foundation for digital wallets has the potential to accelerate the shift to a more equitable privacy enhancing and secure web architecture. And that's why we're here today. Thank you very much, Bryn. We are lucky to have four credit card schemes involved in the discussions. You are hearing this and you are working at the fifth that is not part of it. Please do consider do consider joining this this effort. If I jump over someone. You know, please do make yourself hurt. I think David, you are next alphabetically. I anticipated needing to build on others because we I don't want us to be because of so Brent I loved your comments in the previous comments that are wonderful. If I if I try to add a new facet to it I think, you know, the feedback that we get in our work with clients around the world is the extension sorry Dave tree from Accenture is the world's largest technical technology services company kind of pure play services company. Our work with partners platform providers our clients around the world the feedback that we're getting is we're envisioning the digital future that we're moving towards. You know, we just have tremendous hope and excitement around the business model change, right, that the ability to simultaneously enable us as individuals to be able to navigate the digital world in an even better way that we now navigate the digital world with something like this, where we can have the portability and and lovable effective usage of our identity money and objects as we move from place to place to place is just completely congruent with the direction of travel I think all of the societal input the regulatory, you know, the regulatory direction and the like. And so to be able to help drive that forward and change the nature of what a winning digital business is from one that can position itself to the data that is, you know, has been sold and resold and, you know, and we've we've all lost control over and suffer from the privacy and security dimensions of to a world where the winning digital business is the one that can earn the most trusted access to the data that we're individually controlling and on on, you know, on our terms of how long we share what with whom and the ability to revoke it is just massively powerful. And we can see it as more foundational to the digital future. David Drummond, I think you're next. I'm drum Marine director of fresh services at a vast, probably best known to many of you as an antivirus company just announced its murder with northern life lock, but the major new thrust of the combined company is digital services. And it's actually very easy to explain why a vast as a core supporter of this new initiative, a vast mission is to enable and protect digital freedom for every person on this planet. And with the rise of decentralized identity and verifiable credentials. The focus of control of our digital lives as you just heard from from David and the other speakers is going to become not one digital wallet, but a set of digital wallets that's the big difference between this that we carry one of how many of us run our one device. Right. So we need digital wallets that will operate across all of our devices that will maintain those cryptographic keys maintain those credentials that we're going to use to control that life. We therefore do not need just wallet interoperability. We need wallet portability full complete portability of our digital wallets. An individual needs to be able to take them anywhere, use them on any device, any operating system, any app or service that they want, anytime anywhere for life, just like they can do with this. Okay. That is why we need a world class digital wallet engine that ensures that interoperability and portability is built in. And you will be able to move across all the devices and vendors that you need, and that no vendor no matter how big or powerful will be able to control your digital life by locking you into a proprietary wallet. So it's that simple a vast supports formation the open wallet foundation and we intend to be a very active contributor and the development and the, you know, selection of standards and the advocacy, because we support digital freedom and we invite every one of you to do that. Thanks. Thank you, Dr. Drummond. And, you know, so far I think we did not have a single bad open wallet day but if we ever have one I'll think back on our conversation in Denver. To me it was such an inspiration to, you know, see how you responded to the original idea and it's great, great to have you here. Judith, I think you are next. First I want to thank you for bringing us all together.  I want to say apologies to all the people who are behind me. You know, it's the end to these but I'm going to face the screen for all those people that are out on the internet and my friends right seat here as common speakers. I'm Judith Flaner. I am the director of strategic engagement for the trust over IP foundation and the trust of IP foundation is a foundation to create a robust set of standards that are interoperable and scale level for the digital layer of trust at the internet. So, within our architecture which has both all the the technical components, compared and powered with the governance that's required because we know technology of knowing does not do it. It has to be paired with governance. This open wallet foundation so fits into our mission, because within the technology stack, there are a million components that have to be in play for that to happen. So one of the component specs that that needs to get developed and written is one for wallets and engine behind that. One of the things about trust over IP is we partner with all the other foundations, whether it be the decentralized identity foundation, I seem to hear from. Oh, I X and my friends from, you know, whether it be Fido or open ID, we work together and we try to look at what is it that we at our foundation does special from another foundation and let that other foundation do what their best at what their mission is to do. And so from an open from my trust over IP foundation standpoint, this is just a foundation that's going to do one of the component pieces that fits in to our full interoperable stack and we couldn't be more delighted to working with our friends and other foundations. And I see our steering committee members on this screen and in the room. So, we're just excited. Thanks for pulling us together. Thank you very much, Judith. I think Juliana you are next and again a special thank you to you and to Andrew for being here at such an early hour. Oh, thanks Daniel and thanks for for having me here and grateful to have the opportunity. So my name is Juliana Catholic, and I am on the identity standards team at Microsoft. And I'm going to tee off of what German started with which is physical wallets are trusted. They're simple. They're accessible. And they provide holders with both control and choice. And they are a physical integration point for multiple credentials. And that wallet does not care if it holds a driver's license or as a Canadian ticket to a hockey game. Ultimately, a digital wallet needs to do the same. But digital wallets are tough. They're tough things to architect and build well. And when you factor in interoperability, evolving standards frameworks policy regulations, while at the same time trying to enable trust simplicity, equitable access control and choice. It becomes a monumental task that only a few can take on an open wallet can help. It can help a lot. And then provide a common core that enables, pardon me, interoperable secure exchanges that align with the standards under the frameworks for policy and governance. And it can also be the integration point for digital identity and support a plurality of wallets that enable the deployment deployment of digital services at scale. That's a really important thing that we are missing right now. Beyond that, however, there's another really important benefit to an open wallet. By providing the tools to simplify the effort for well development, we can reduce the complexity and risk, as well as the cost to a broader group of service providers, and that is going to foster innovation. Thanks for having me here. Thank you very much. Thanks Daniel. It's great to be here with a room of so many friends and new people. We forget to meet. So my name is clear young I co founded the internet identity workshop in 2005 and I've been working on user centric identity for almost 20 years. I'm here to help the initiative work for everyone and not just a small group of companies. I think we have a lot of perspectives to hear from and listen to. To really support all the different groups and really a broad range of stakeholders that have come together to understand what their needs are, why they're asking for certain features and standards and things and really find a way to build alignment early on. In the first go, not everybody's going to get what they want. We've got to ship a product but I think we need to build trust, enough trust that we, we trust each other to keep collaborating together. And I also want to specifically call out the need to really engage with civil society, and with organizations who are doing advocacy in the digital rights space. And those even not necessarily in the digital rights base who are on the ground working with people globally. So I hope that those perspectives can be invited in sooner rather than later, and that we can really build a solid foundation for open digital wallets for everyone. Thank you. Thank you clear Marie, I think you're next. Well thank you for inviting and getting us together, Daniel. My name is Marie else to know I'm heading up digital identity at visa. Very pleased to meet you. We already see that wallets have a significant impact on payments, and of course on digital identity services as well. I'm just, I'm expecting that that's going to increase in importance. The wallets they are convenient, highly flexible, secure, they give a great user experience for payments. So you can say I'm a little bit single minded, but we already see the impact on services to make it much easier to buy and to pay for goods and services. So, in my view, it's very new that the consumers, the payment providers, the merchant the whole ecosystem, and I'm not talking just about wallets for payment but of course everything else that we that we have talked about that they have a choice of wallets. This leads to innovation to a patient says, and of course we talked already about the probability and about the ability to use secure wallets across cloud platforms and operating systems. So, we are very interested by this open source initiative. I look at it as being in a very good position to encourage global interoperability with existing wallets and new initiatives as well such as the EU identity wallets as being specified by the European Commission in the ideas to do as well as all the standards around like the mobile driving license digital travel credentials and so forth. So we very much looking forward to the to the future to contribute in whatever way we can. And the outcomes. So, again, thank you Donna for bringing us together. It's a great initiative. Thank you Marie and I think you are you are mentioning something really important, especially for the people here in Europe, which is the EU reference wallet. I'm not sure if I'm saying something that is confidential. You know by by saying that three of the consortia that are part of the EU reference wallet are also part of the open wallet foundation discussion. And I very much hope that you know whoever is going to be picked for the reference wallet. We will incorporate code for the EU reference we're going to incorporate code hopefully for a lot of other jurisdictions outside of the European Union to end up with something that we take for granted today, whether we take our driver's license or our passport today to Tokyo or to, you know, China or to Russia, wherever we go. My Swiss driving license my Austrian passport is being recognized and I think that's exactly where we need to to get going. I'm Johnny Neville and I'm from CSC Finland. I've been following the. Hello, Johnny Neville and I'm from CSC Finland and I've been following the EU. I'm a self sovereign identity wallet development. And there's been a bunch of back and forth between Italian, Germany and TVV they have a proposal stage ongoing different suggestions on what kind of use cases will there be there's a suggestion about ISO standard 1818013-5, among others and then, which was completed in 2021, September and there's an extension of that for online business as well. There's interest in open source implementation and that's SDKs in that front. And it's going onward onward. So I believe the first reference implementation is scheduled for fourth quarter this year and it'll get away from that. But as these identities are relevant for governments and business and research and whatnot. So, knowing the identity and viable transactions and at the stations that you are who you are you have this license you have this permit to use these research materials for this period of time that all comes into play. Very interested interested to see what you're doing. Thank you very much. I think you are next. Alright, so thank you really very very much for inviting me here and putting all this together. I've done a lot of work and I really appreciate your old sport. So I'm not second, the chairman of the board of the open idea foundation. We are global open standard organization that creates open identity technical protocols. And as the name suggests, we really value the openness. And we welcome the formation of open world at foundation, and it's a force to create an open source implementation of open and interoperable technical standards, certification and best practices. It's critical to enable people to start their identity, wherever they choose. And that goes together with our mission statement. So we're really looking forward to its development. Thank you very much, Ned. You know, one of the reasons why I think it's so important that net is is here and Judith is here and drum and wherever you are now over here. And not just as a representative of North and life lock and and I've asked but steering board member of a store IP and we have other people here from for story P as well is one of the misconceptions about the open wallet foundation is that this is a standardization organization and we are not. We are standing on the shoulders of giants who are standardization organizations, we will not be a better or a different diff or open ID foundation or trust over IP foundation. These standards are at the heart of what we're doing. And in order to succeed, we need standards, but we are not a standardization organization. Thank you very much for being here. Nick, talking about standards on to you. Thank you on mute on mute. Yes, it's good boy. Thank you, Daniel, and I'd like to thank you personally for convening this for your inspiration leadership as you did with gain, leading us all to collaborate and create something of absolute global use and necessity. Thank you for that. So I'm Nick mother sure chief identity strategies to the open identity exchange, and we're all about interoperability, and we operate at the policy level, not the technical level. So we're about the rules, not the tools of how we make digital identity a success around the globe. So all principles when we talk about digital identity choice convenience control and confidence and the open wallet foundation is helping bring those principles to life choice with a plurality of wallets in the market wallets that aren't fetid to the users operating system convenience, but lots of different credentials within the wallet and use them wherever I wish control because they're mine, and they are managed by the user, and all of that leads to confidence in using the wallet and using digital identity around the globe. So we, we believe OEX to be successful, we, in digital identity we need smart wallets and wf will enable a market of smart wallets to emerge and you know smart wallet is something that works on behalf of the user it enables them to collect credentials together, and it helps to deal with complex requests, are you over 18 which might not sound complex but it is, we fit to fly, are you covered safe are you able to work in my regulatory environment. Can you open a bank account, the rules around these things are too complex for users to understand a smart wallet needs to help the user through that process. And we see that, you know, only by being smart wallets be successful, and the components that would see a wf building would be key to enabling that smart wallet ecosystem and key to that is interoperability. So we're working with our members and six trust frameworks from across the globe, describing the policy, the metadata about a trust framework. So that can be shared across trust frameworks and can be published by a trust framework into a wallet. So the wallet can seamlessly move from framework to framework. That's maybe based in the UK if I come to Ireland or get Singapore or the US, it should still work it should adapt dynamically to the rules of the new trust framework, based on the policy descriptions that are published by that trust framework and that's, that's what we're working on at the moment. I would expect that to manifest in open source components for policy access policy interpretation policy request from relying parties and policy management from users that would sit around a wallet that would enable the wallet to be dynamic as it moves from place to place. And that's what we see. And yet to the most point earlier, these things need to be portable and they need to to work around the globe seamlessly. We're delighted to be working with the other organizations around the table here and at OX we'd like to welcome this new arrival. And it's as I was saying it's pregnant at the moment and we anticipate its birth eminently. And at that point would welcome its arrival into this family of open initiatives that are collaborating to make this this global vision possible. Thank you. Thank you Nick. It's, it's great to have not for profit companies being involved. It's great to have for profit companies. I think on our last call we had over 2.5 trillion dollars. Worth of public companies joined the call and I think this is really critical and key for success. But I also believe that it is equally important to have people involved who are close to governments and to actually have successes under their belt when it comes to digital public goods. And two of my personal heroes in that regard are on the call today promote you're one of them and I think you're next. Thank you Daniels pleasure to be here and wonderful to see the energy and the birth of open world foundation congratulations to all of you. My name is promote I'm the chief architect of India's identity program that has covered 1.3 billion people, and also India's digital credentialing and data empowerment, sort of known as India stack, you know, set of stuff that we have been doing and my crime is here, Sanjay, but and I'll speak let him speak from the market perspective but I'll speak from societal perspective, because that's what I've been doing in the last 1213 years, and India specifically focused on ensuring identity and data and credentials are in the role of billion people. And this is, it was fundamental into our digital opening up our digital economy. And these are not concepts anymore, India does a billion digital authentications every month, 6 billion, you know payment transactions every month. And so we have been in the last five years or six years dramatically shift the underlying societal, you know, ability of hundreds of millions of people to participate in formal systems. And that's almost always missed out when, you know, many of you may not be exposed to that kind of volumes of people and the diversity that India faces. For us, the top of the pyramid, the 10 percentage of India, which is about 100 million people is really all of us. And that's not enough at all. So we need millions of individuals and SMEs to be brought into the formal system. And that's the reason we have been fundamentally focusing on identity, personal data and credentialing, and all in the hands of people now in the hands of people in India does not mean smartphone. We have to be also be very, very cognizant of an inclusive infrastructure, digital infrastructure. And specifically today why I'm an excited the moment Daniel talked about it I said, must do probably couple of years late, but let's do it right. Because it's very, very key and India specifically did something called busy locker, and that currently covers 7 billion digital credentials in the wallet in busy locker. And we have, we have to create our own standards and move on with it. Many times, because of we were actually implementing it standards were not ready and an example was COVID vaccination COVID vaccination. As you know, India's issued 2 billion vaccination credential all based on W3C and WHO standard. But we really have no interoperable wallet in play and we really have no portability in play globally, and we still are challenged, challenged by silly reasons, frankly. So I am very, very excited about the possibility of this engine. I think that's a very, very good setup for you, an engine that ensures portability and interoperability, but various solutioning can be layered on top of it because we need multi lingual multi model solutions to provide numbers, but the core engine can be provided by an open source community. Very, very powerful. We need it right now. So please jump in the pool and participate and build it. I can promise you, Indians will put 100 billion credentials in the next two years. 100 billion. So I can promise you numbers. But we really need your help. So please go ahead and do it. Happy to provide everything we do here in my, at least from my side, whether it's, you know, sunbird under extra foundation, we have credentialing infrastructure, open source issuance infrastructure. Everything is open source. So we are heavily into open source digital public good, building that so happy to contribute in every way we can. We have no much money though, Daniel, so we are all volunteers and not for profit efforts so, but I can contribute my brain so happy to contribute. Okay, thank you so much. All the best. And what a brain that is from odd. You know, I love how you and and your friends in India are keeping us honest. We were on this call a couple of weeks ago, where we have a call about you know credential formats and it was literally a one of the, the architects of a trillion dollar company on the phone with someone who said yes, I understand about zero knowledge proves but how are we going to do this if all you have is a piece of paper and the qr code. Or if all you have is a feature phone that is shared by eight people that belong to the same family what are we going to do then. And this is exactly the kind of conversations I think we need to have if we want inclusive digital identity. And if we want to have inclusive wallet systems. So thank you for keeping us honest to not just talking about inclusivity but actually thinking inclusivity through. And as clear you said you know it's going to take us time will need to start with a couple of stacks. But I think the ambition of everyone here is to really be helpful to as many people as possible in as many countries as possible for as many use cases as possible. So I think the benchmark. And that's what we need to achieve. If we want this to be even more than an interesting, an interesting opportunity so you mentioned your partner in crime I think your partner in crime is also next alphabetically Sanjay the floor is yours. Thank you for that exciting promise of a billion people 100 billion credentials. And today here I'm actually going to talk more about the work we are doing for identity around the world, I am representing most of the modular open source ID platform, and we are currently helping countries developed national IDs. And one of the things that is very exciting for us is that we're already thinking about issuing an ID document as a verifiable credential. And the moment we can put it into a wallet with selective disclosure that actually brings in a whole bunch of use cases. We're already live in two countries. We have 70 million IDs already people already registered for the ID. And we have nine more countries in the pipeline so by end of next year we'll have under 500 million people that you will be able to bring on to the system with digital digital national IDs issued as very verifiable credentials, and we will be looking for use cases. Let's be sure of that in use cases of your own banking around travel around payments, and so on. And so I think there's very exciting for us to see how the work that you're doing at the bottom of the pyramid is actually converging and merging with the work that's being done for the developed economies, and it's really all one. And that's really something that we never expected to encounter so soon, and what I'm glad we are, and I think we will be able to bring about a billion and a half people into this system fairly soon. So let's get ready for that. Thank you very much, Mike. I'm not sure we are two minutes over but if the Linux Foundation is giving us a few more minutes. Do we have anything in here next. I think it's a break lunch break lunch. Is there anything after this. You can go for a furnished by. Yeah, okay. If we have a few minutes, Brian I would like to put you on the spot because you and Jerry are the first two open source heroes that I actually met in person. And maybe you can say something about you know why why open source why I should we use open source technology. I didn't expect to speak. Thank you. I was drafting here ideas and as people were mentioned them I was crossing them out so why I want to start with, we are late to this game, we're about 20 years late in 1998, the source all here is right so 140 years in terms. Sure. In 1998 the Mozilla source code was released partly based on a fortuitous and happenstance conversation between Jim Barksdale and Eric Raymond that almost didn't happen at a time when Netscape's business model is just about to crash. So it almost didn't happen and had it not happened. I doubt we would have had an open web, we would have had two, maybe three different things different webs that would have been as different as the windows desktop and the Apple laptop at the time in the mid 90s. And even though the Firefox market share, you know climbed at one point to be 60 ish percent I think, and is now down to much lower numbers, it still is a useful force out there for getting other browser makers to converge on common standards they're still not just enough usage of it they're still the moral leadership, and having had a platform for turning not just standards that were good ideas and thoughtful things into consumer software and a rapid basis not only was that a great, a great thing there was a moral leadership that came from being able to say let's think about the end users needs centered on them and start to introduce things like blocking of pop ups, which were a thing in the early, you know time that people hated, but the browser makers loved because the advertisers loved it etc. And that it became you know blocking more of kind of the surveillance capitalism kind of stuff so having having a platform like this is really good to centered on the users needs to turn the emergence emerging standards into things that actually have an impact for think especially for the consumer side. And it was something that we lacked when about a year ago of many of us here were working on over the last couple years Kobe credentials came up with some gorgeous specifications for it building on top of a lot of pre existing code and had some successes but also a lot of struggles getting that out into the end user community and getting it accepted and standardized by governments of the world, because of a lack of an efficient vehicle and efficient platform for getting this out there I think though that raised a lot of the issues that might have served as seeds for the open web foundation and hopefully the open wallet foundation and hopefully this will be one of the first wins for for us is bringing healthcare data into the space car. I don't know if cars here might even be able to speak to that if we have time. I do also just want to say two more things. One is, I know a lot of the focus has been on payment rails and on digital identities and self sovereign ID in particular. I think it's a really important thing to get out there and there's some great starting points. The hyper ledger foundation has been working on this kind of technology for a while and has you won't be able you won't need to start from scratch is the good news. There's more lots of work to do on top of this, but it's a great starting point, but I would encourage you not to ignore digital assets as a network native digital assets, call them cryptos if you need to, or like. Obviously, you know on the down at a low point right now in the cycle, but there is still something there in terms of how the next gen of the web evolves and identity is central to that connecting these is essential, especially as it gets normalized, regulated KYC comes in actually tying this all together is going to be an important thing. The second point I'd make is don't ignore the secure the centrality of security into the system. There is a bug a log for J style bug in this software, it will lead to real losses of actual real assets that may be hard to recover or losses of keys tied to your identity is that having to reboot you know your educational credentials let alone other things would be just a massive mistake so where there are resources to spend to help the ecosystem, spending those on everything from third party audits to signing infrastructure to to just other things that you can do to harden that and lead people to trust that core is going to be a great thing to do early on in the life cycle of this to build up that public confidence in what you're building. So, with all that I'm incredibly enthusiastic the right set of partners are here. And all the other right partners are going to come on very quickly. I can't wait to follow and see where this goes. So thank you. Thank you very much Brian I realize we're keeping people from their from their lunch. So thank you again for for joining. Thank you, especially to those who joined at four o'clock in the morning. I gave the signal message from someone who was trying to get into this room and said that he heard that the room was full so this is my pledge, and I think probably the pledge of a lot of people here. We will try not to have full rooms we will try not to have messages I hated that message when a party in Austria said the boat is full. We want you to be here we pledge to try to keep making rooms bigger finding bigger venues or bigger rooms to have a tent that works for everyone who's interested in open interoperable secure multipurpose wallets. If you're interested in payments if you're interested in digital identity if you're interested in wallets and you hope for a future where these wallets are not just a few but where a lot of wallets are blossom. Please join the open wallet foundation, find us after this panel email info at open wallet foundation. We want to hear from you, and we really look forward to working with you. Yes, so we are we are coordinating with everybody we have contact information for so as Daniel said info at open wallet down that foundation or the one the open wallet foundation website. And there's a form there if you brought the form that'll guess the ability to add you to our groups lists and things like that that we're setting up for everything so if you're not part of that, please submit and help us connect with you so we know the follow up. Thank you.


Could you imagine that we are all so powerful that we actually exist beyond the confines of time and space and even beyond a body, beyond any like linear physical confines, you know?  And for me, what feels more true is well, actually, we're all, you know, completely infinite in our capacity to access any information at any time. We have access to all that, all that ever is, all that ever was, all that ever will be. And, you know, another way to think of the Akashic records is the known field.


Without the combined expertise and experiences here in this room, thousands of places and cultures across this country will not be able to survive climate impacts. Every single person here has a voice to contribute to America's climate change story. We need historic preservationists to give us examples of the ultimate recycling, reusing historic buildings to save energy, places, and land. We need architects to design flexible structures that will adapt with climate impacts both on the coast and in America's heartland. We need planners to create more equitable climate approaches using all of the diverse knowledges in America's cities. We need developers who are going to implement climate-ready, carbon-neutral designs in American communities. And we need researchers to better understand what our climate impacts are and how they will affect our historic places.


and stuff is like 10.30 at 3 p.m. At 3 p.m. we're actually rolling over into live panels. So this year we decided to step away from talks because we think talks are a little bit too one sided and we want to get that conversational aspect. So we're doing some really awesome in person panels. 3 p.m. today we're doing threat hunting at scale. Right after that we're doing leveling up your security skills, which is really focused on your progression in your technical abilities. At 5 p.m. I'm actually running a cloud panel on the Cloud GFIR and engineering around that. I'm a big cloud person. And then tomorrow we also have challenges in control validation at 3 p.m.  Just that was gonna be really fun. I know a lot of people were looking forward to that one. And then we're gonna close it out with latest and greatest in the incident response. But you've covered it on. So I'm gonna post back a little bit because there's so much going on. I wanna jump back to you said there's like kind of these modules going back through the attack chain. Are those things anyone can do at home or is that only at home? Yeah, so we're actually going to be doing this year round. Really? This whole project, everything's gonna be, all the recording's gonna be posted online afterwards. And it's just gonna, it's gonna be something where people can join the conversation. So if you go to bluetoothinvillage.org we have a link to our Discord server where you can participate year round. And we have a whole project of city and group. You can interact. There's a small CCF going on as well. That's more information about that on the website. By the way, I am absolutely floored that you're like we're able to keep this conversation going. There is legitimately right behind the camera like 15 people coming up and down. This whole room is filled with hundreds of people. Like kudos to you because even I'm struggling with this. You're doing the harder job as you're talking so much. No, you know it's a lot of fun. And like bluetoothinvillage is really about taking people where they are and helping them get to the next level. Building their confidence in their technical abilities. And also I mean bluetoothinvillage is the closest aligned to like what the industry, like what an industry is. So we want to make sure that we kind of get people involved and really and help them develop those skills. So that's our whole mission. I do have a question. We were just at the red team village. And now we're at the bluetoothinvillage. And is there a rivalry there? Or is this kind of like? There's no rivalry. I have no idea what you're talking about. I am laughing because you start looking at the two villages and you start seeing people like feel like they're taking sides and whatnot. Def kind of, I don't know. They have the red shirts. So am I allowed in here? No. Well, yeah, we wouldn't be here without the red side. The red side wouldn't be here without us. And we're either going to like walk into the hallway and have a little foam sword fight with the blue-haired people and the red-haired people. Or hey, maybe we'll just like do some crossover and make purple team village and everyone will be happy. There you go. So with some of the challenges, so I'm going through the tag chain. When you're going through, is there some people there to be able to like help you through them? Or are they, are these made for experts or this is made for like anyone who just wants to go ahead and get started? We're really trying to make it approachable content that anyone can access. So a lot of them are really focused on kind of like just that, that introductory. The stations, we have some peer court of content that people are listening to with headphones. We also have people available to answer questions. And on the main stage right now, we're also doing live walkthroughs where it's a little bit, you know, it's less hands-on and more of like explaining about kind of what's actually going on. So, you know, we kind of have a little bit of everything. And again, like I mentioned, it's going to be year round things. So, you know, eventually we're hoping to expand it to the point where we have a content that's approachable from whatever level someone is at. And where can they go to learn more about it? BlueTeenVillage.org. Oh, that's an easy one to remember. Hey, I know you're running about, you have so much else to do. Oh, Gower, you had a question. Oh, how long you've been coming to DEF CON? Oh, so this is actually my fifth year because I started as a BlueTeenVillage volunteer and privilege escalated my way to director. Well, okay, hold on. How did that happen? Like, how did you go about, I need to hear that. So, I just, I knew one of the guys who created this, Vioxx, this is his handle. And I just volunteered the first year and I'm like, I think volunteering is such a great way to get introduced to DEF CON because there's just so much going on. So, it's easier to start somewhere when you start as a volunteer.  Okay, I guess I'm a director now. How many of those stories happened here? Oh, yeah, I started, I came to the village, I volunteered and now I run that. Yeah, this is incredible. Thank you so much. Thank you for taking the time to talk to me. Like, there is really so much going on. Thanks for watching and hack on.


I'm Julia Lieblik and I'm a professor of journalism at Loyola University of Chicago and I've written over the years about Guatemala and 25 years ago I talked to an editor at the New York Times to suggest an article about Guatemala and he said to me Guatemala is not on our map so you can imagine how happy I was a few weeks ago or a few days ago when I woke up to the New York Times and saw Victoria Sanford piece on the conviction and there have been so many other excellent articles. An excellent website the Open Society's Justice Initiative on the trial has been invaluable for many of us and one of the things I read was that the Inter-American Commission for Human Rights noted that in 2009 Guatemala's impunity index for past and present crimes was 98%. So how did this trial happen just a few years later and I'd like to introduce our panelists. Very happy you're here. The first is I'll make it quick so we can get right to the questions but Susan Kemp, born in Scotland, Attorney Susan Kemp has been working on human rights litigation and war crimes since 1996. She lived and worked in Guatemala from 1998 until 2002 as legal counsel at the Center for Human Rights and Legal Action. She coordinated evidence for the launch of domestic criminal suits in 2000 against presidents Lucas Garcia and Rios Montt and high commands. Ida Argeta is a scholar at the Giga Institute of Latin American Studies specializing in private security policies and human rights as well as organized crime in Central America. From 2006 to 2007 he was the technical secretary of the advisory council for the security of the Guatemalan government and Edgar Alvarez. Thank you very much for the invitation for the organizers of this very interesting panel. To this question I will refer first that this trial is the result of in my opinion of multiple processes which initiated some years ago. Starting with process of strengthening of civil society organizations in Guatemala, especially those organizations focusing on human rights and this process is very important because it is not only related to the specific point of the trial but for a lot of processes very in Guatemala political processes of struggles for land, for peace and organizations, human rights and in different topics. I think this is bigger process that leads to this trial and other processes in Guatemala. The second point is that starting with the peace agreements in Guatemala there is a very important international cooperation support in other solidarity organizations in Guatemala. This is very important because this introduces not only financial resources but also a political support, international political support for these processes of strengthening of the civil society and human rights organizations in Guatemala. Part of this international support is of course the group of scholars and activists in the international sphere. Forestry, anthropologists, psychologists, historians, sociologists in a very important group of scholars working on topics related to human rights violations, indigenous rights, human and other topics. This is very important because this created some basis, argumentative basis for the work of human rights defenders in Guatemala. Of course there is an international context which helps to strengthen these processes which occur in the Guatemalan context. But there is a third factor for me very important that lead to this very important trial and is some very specific institutional processes inside a Guatemalan state. One of these processes is the strengthening of the prosecution office, the ministerial public. This initiated around 2010 with the election of Amilcar Velasquez-Sarate. This is a very important point in this some contemporary history of Guatemala because it is the first time that a prosecutor was elected with a very important accountability process observing the election process. This was an antecedent. It was a very important starting point. And then of course the election of Claudia Pasipas which strengthened the processes of strengthening of the prosecution office. Of course part of this process is the role of CIC. In my opinion the support of the strengthening of the prosecution office and accountability processes on the judicial branch is the most important result of CIC. And this I think very important to mention and to make some limits about the role of CIC. For me in my opinion this is very important to mention. And part of this is the whole process is a process of gaining judicial independence in Guatemala. And this is a very important process, very long process in the future and it's of course one of the most political important process in Guatemala. I think these multiple factors from in my opinion is the most important processes that lead to this trial in Guatemala. Thank you. Edgar? Okay. Sorry, no speaking English. Okay. So that's it. Thank you. Well, from the motivations, okay, I'm sorry, the factors, let's say, around the fact that they were motivating a little the impulse of the case and that it would give a sentence after it was... The factors that influence the emergence of the case and also the conviction of Rios Montt. It's a little what I think of the colleague Otorgeta, let's say, a process, can you hear me? Well, a little process. Now? Yes? Yes. About the process of strengthening some institutions of justice, let's say, in it. I agree with what Otorgeta just said, the strengthening of the judicial body in Guatemala has been crucial. After the peace agreements, there has been an opening for the democratic process and for the participation of civil organizations. More or less, the victims, in association with the Association for Justice and Reconciliation, in 1998-1999, they began to organize. This was not given before 1996, in function of demanding that justice be done. The victims organize around the Association for Justice and Reconciliation, and this kind of organization could not have existed before the peace agreements. So, the Association joined the trial against Rios Montt, and this has all signed an openness for the participation of civil organizations. So, the social organizations in Guatemala have also been establishing strategic alliances to carry out the trial, but also to continue the process after the trial for seeking justice. So, I will finish there. I would like to hear what everybody else has to say. I think, first of all, I'm really glad that Otor mentioned CIC and mentioned their role in trying to improve the independence of the ministerial public. CIC was created after a long period of lobbying by a group of Guatemalan civil society organizations. Although it was a UN national hybrid, it also came out of alliances at the national level and the pressure from civil society. In terms of factors that are many, I think maybe I would like to mention one which might also have some kind of international reference point, and that would be the kind of gap filling that civil society did in Guatemala during the period when the ministerial public did not have the capacity to investigate these crimes. And the organization that Edgar was a member of was created in 2000, and together with the sense of human rights legal action, they carried out many of the things that the state should have been doing. And at the same time, the foundation of forensic anthropology were carrying out forensic excavations. These are state services, so in the post-conflict situation when people are searching for justice, what happened in Guatemala also happens in many other countries. Society will fill those gaps, will represent victims, gather evidence, provide security even. Back in 1997, 1998, Calde actually got money from international donors to provide satellite phones to provide security for the evidence. Psychosocial experts like Navies de Puy to accompany the process. Now over time, you hope that these diminish and that gradually the state does come in and start taking over its role. And what we're seeing now is exactly this kind of strengthening, but the lesson would be that the international community should support civil society and should not pull out too soon because it sometimes takes decades for the state institutions to get on their feet. And even afterwards, you still need a strong civil society to have oversight of these institutions. Thank you, Susan. Adar, you're particularly interested, you told me in the opposition and in links between the trial and conflict in Guatemala, and I'll throw in another part of the question because I don't know how we're doing in terms of time, but you said you could also address in that what can be done to promote independent judiciary.  Well, thank you very much. Yes, I'm not this debate about the trial. I am very interested in the question, why the opposition? And maybe it's more than a rhetoric question. I think it's very important for understanding the nature and the complexity of the Guatemalan society. I'm coming directly from Guatemala, and it is very interesting to observe how this world of the political and ideological confrontation works. And it is not only important the trial, but only how this opposition works. And I ask myself, okay, why the opposition? And the first point is to mention, Rios Mont was not one of the most important figures for the entrepreneurial sector and for the militaries as well, including Otto Perez Molina. And also for the oligarchy, the traditional oligarchy of Guatemala, he was not one of the most important representatives of these sectors. And then why the opposition? First, I would like to mention some ideas about the actors. We have the former militaries, glutinating in Ave Milgua, this association, and the Foundation Against Terrorism, who are actively impulsing a very aggressive campaign of discreet and disinformation of the trial and the actors related to this trial. This is one dimension. Why? These former militaries are interested in this process. Well, maybe there is a reaction against the possibility of being judged by these institutions. And there is an ideological factor, of course. There is also a number of former guerrilla members and some academics also participating in this campaign against the trial. Why? Well, maybe there is also a fear for being judged in Guatemala. And of course, the trial represents some kind of break in political structures in which these people participate and are part of the establishment. And then the third actor, Casif, the entrepreneurial. What is the important point for Casif to participate in this campaign? I don't know how much time do I have, not that much. Okay, I just want to bring the point of the opposition. I think the most important thing is to make a difference between the mechanisms through which this opposition works and the reasons. And the idea is to mention the importance of the independence of the judiciary. This is a very important point in Guatemala politics, not only in the long tradition of patrimonial politics, corruption, impunity, and of course, the system of domination, but just the idea of independence. Susan, did you want to talk about lessons learned? Do you want to get into that? Would you like to address that? I think it's important to remember, as Adi said, this judgment is a historical fact whether or not legally it will survive is a historical fact. It has impact in Guatemala and beyond. In terms of judicial independence, and in terms of the bad news that we see almost every day when we're following the case, we have to remember that we have an attorney general and a team of lawyers who back these victims. We have three judges, very, very qualified people, one with a doctorate, all with master's degrees, who day in, day out deal with complex criminal cases, money laundering, drug trafficking. They looked at all this evidence and they came to this conclusion. In the constitutional court you had two dissenting judges giving very, very strong dissents. I think among the bad news there are seeds of hope there and it really isn't all a bleak story. Before we take questions, do you want to respond to any of these? Okay. I agree with the two previous speakers. Now I want to focus on the opposition against the trial regarding political and ideological aspects. I will add two more actors to the ones that Otto already mentioned. The church, the oligarchy, the military and the family of the military. This group sanctioned what happened in Guatemala in the 80s. So in the 80s these groups denied the massacres and nowadays these groups are accepting that there were massacres but they are denying the fact that this should be considered a genocide. So there is like an improvement. Victoria. I would like to ask, could I do the question in Spanish and would you translate me? So I would like to know what happened with the Mayan intellectuals during the trial because they didn't seem to have a very, didn't seem to be very outstanding in public opinions. So I want to know what are your thoughts about that? Why is it that was the case? So there was an opinion the conservative elite and the oligarchy are the owners of the media in Guatemala. So for example now that the trial has been annulated in the newspaper that has the biggest circulation at a national level did not mention anything during one week. So the spaces to voice an opinion are pretty limited from 100% of the spaces you may have 5% to voice dissident opinions. Any other questions? I am from La Hora and not all the media in Guatemala are owned by the conservative or the military. Sorry Edgar but I can understand that most of the media can be under that umbrella but in my case it's unacceptable to listen that La Hora will be part of that story. I would like to add exactly the point that part of the mechanisms of the opposition was to control the main and the most important mainstream newspapers and television programs, internet, web page and even for example I don't know how to say the mantas, these pancartas. Okay thank you. In Guatemala it's amazing to see that in Guatemala which is a text of the heroic army, the army not all Guatemalans are genocide for example it was a very aggressive campaign and of course other intellectuals and organizations have to look for alternative means of media opportunities and there are some kind but maybe not with the projection of international echo. The coverage that we saw on a daily basis in the national press would have been unthinkable 15 years ago or when the case was started. This was on television, radio and newspapers every day. You had the symbolism of the former chief of the army and head of state in the dock and I think that we can't underestimate the power of that even if those spaces are not being taken advantage of by those who suffered. I think Ari and I are reminded me of Benedicto Lucas when he was talking about Michael Rose saying that people had done this to themselves. Benedicto Lucas 15-16 years ago said these clandestine cemeteries that was caused by the earthquake in 76. Nowadays that just wouldn't wash and I think people who are trying to deny the genocide are having to come up with different types of arguments legalistic arguments and national pride etc. So they're grasping at straws much more than they used to. Thank you. Victoria? I was wondering Otto if you could talk about what kinds of historical connections you can see between the different groups in the military responsible for the genocide and private security companies and clandestine groups that exist today. Thank you very much for the question. I think there is a link but very complex link because I'm not understanding why this kind of trials is very important in the context of conflicts in Guatemala. I make always the example of the mining explorations in Guatemala. What is the connection? My argument is that all businesses in Guatemala needs to have strong control of the judiciary to guarantee not only impunity but also the legal framework of business in Guatemala. And the army has been historically the defenders of this status quo and the social order in Guatemala trials like this is like a warning to the army and other political politicians to make some caution about what I am doing with the state. It's like an alert. The judiciary has some levels of independence and now, like the judge variable said, the idea is if you are in the state you are responsible for your acts and of course you have to have this responsibility, legal responsibility. But now with an army that can be judged in a trial, what is the option? What is the alternative for the entrepreneurial, the oligarchy and so on? The private security sector. We saw this in Guatemala right now in Chiquimula in this part of the country with private security companies addressing social protests. Why? Because private security companies cannot be in a trial and there is no accountability regulation for this sector, not only the national private security sector but also the international private security companies. This is the new alternative. Private security is the option for an army that can be a trial, an army that has to be more careful about their acts. What is the option for the oligarchy and the entrepreneurial sector? Private security. This is another dimension of the problem. Of course this process represents an opportunity to open the possibility to trial these different sectors, not only militaries but also entrepreneurs, private security owners and so on. Going back to speaking about the media in Guatemala, I was curious. I also really want to believe that even if this case continues to be annulled and doesn't move back forward that it's sort of opened up Pandora's box and we've moved forward nonetheless. But I'm wondering how it's seen in Guatemalan general opinion, whether the incredible campaigns of defamation and slander against the international community and against the civil society in Guatemala have been successful or that most Guatemalans sort of have been swayed by the evidence that was presented within the trial despite the fact that that evidence especially was almost not covered at all within the major newspapers in the country. Any one? Regarding public opinion, there is a difference between the urban areas and the rural areas and the media influence a lot of the opinion. So in the rural areas, this was the places where the atrocities were committed. So the people there revived the experience and they serve as a counterbalance for the public opinion in general. In this case, the Fundación Contra el Terrorismo manages the forms of communication because it has the money to access and influence fear. So it's difficult to determine where the opinion goes because there is a culture of fear for threats. But if there are sectors that are in favor, there are sectors that are not in favor, then it would really be necessary to make an equilibrium, a study to know the equilibrium there or the percentage of public opinion on the case. But a lot. It's difficult to make a balance to know. There are many people in favor and people against, I guess, the trial and the conviction of Realismont. And it's difficult to measure. So it would be necessary to make some sort of polling to figure out. But it's important to know the role that the association against the foundation against terrorism has played because they have instilled fear among the population. Thank you very much. Can I ask for a very short point? I agree with what Edgar said. I think it's very difficult to measure what is the opinion. For me, one of the most important things when I was in Guatemala was to see young people participating in the support to civil society organization and human rights offender. It's very important. It is clear that this support comes from the small groups of young people and organizations in the city. Guatemala is a country with a lack of an educational system that integrates a history in the program of education. The school in Guatemala history ends in 1944. And then, I don't know, maybe there are some efforts to introduce these topics in the educational system where there is a lack of knowledge about the history. And the other point is that in this elite debate of the trial, the most evident point that emerged with a very strong force is racism. Racism in Guatemala is amazing to observe how middle class, of course in other parts of the society, is an aggressive attitude from the racism. Racism emerged as a force in Guatemala to deny genocide, to say, I heard and I read some arguments saying that the guilt was where the Spaniards, the Spanish because they didn't exterminate Indians in Guatemala. Some extremes, I think it is amazing how racism emerged with this kind of debate in Guatemala. And this is, I think, very important to mention maybe for the next panelist. Susan, do you want to add anything from? No. Okay. Thank you.


4 Insights on the Role of Evaluation and Testing in Education To begin with, our experiences both as students and teachers everywhere have shown that many teachers at all levels of the educational system take evaluation and testing for granted and therefore tend to be very casual in their attitudes in setting and marking examinations. It should be noted that examination and evaluation form an integral part of the educational process as a whole and benefit both the teacher and the student. The term evaluation is often used as though it were synonymous with testing. A test simply refers to a particular situation set up for the purpose of making an assessment. In order words, the term test is an instrument of measurement of educational parameters, usually related to attainment. The purpose of evaluation and testing teaching, learning and evaluation and testing are interdependent. Each of them is important in the teaching learning process. Unfortunately, evaluation and testing in the classroom is all too often done as though it were extraneous to the main purpose of teaching. It must be noted that the role of evaluation and testing is intrinsic to the teaching learning situation. Education and testing are inevitable in teaching and in all fields of activity where judgment is needed. This is so because the main purpose of classroom instruction or teaching is to help students achieve a set of intended learning objectives. These educational objectives or outcomes include intellectual, emotional and physical changes. It is therefore important that in order to see if these desire changes, learning, have taken place in the students, evaluation and testing must be done. The test and other forms of evaluation devices periodically evaluate the student's learning progress. On the other hand, the evaluation teachers make can have a tremendous influence on the lives of their students. Evaluation and testing therefore should not be lightly or casually made. It is also very important to note that carefully collected data can help the teachers understand the learners, plan better learning for them, and determine the extent to which the teaching objectives are being achieved. Furthermore, the more accurately we judge our students, the more effective we will be in directing their learning. It should also be noted that sound teaching decisions are based on the information from accurate, relevant and comprehensive evaluation and testing. It is important to note that the contention of the effectiveness of teaching depends to a large extent on the quality of the evaluation and testing information on which the decisions are based. Evaluation and testing improve teaching. Here, we see that the purpose of teaching is to change the student's behavior and the main purpose of evaluation and testing is to improve the learning and teaching. Testing teaching, testing and evaluation provide a means of monitoring learning progress and diagnosing learning difficulties. Feedback and evaluation aids in continuously adapting teaching to individual and group needs. Test and other forms of evaluation instrument provide a relevant measure or description of the extent to which the students achieve the teaching objectives. The student is the learner and evaluation keeps them constantly informed of what needs to be mastered and the part of the content that was not understood. The student is then informed of the appropriate standards of performance expected of them and ensures continued interest in their studies. Teachers therefore assess students' attainment in order to differentiate between failure and success. Evaluation and testing make the teacher aware of the student's progress and the difficulties students are encountering. Formative evaluation and testing. Formative evaluation is used during the instructional or teaching process with the aim of guiding and directing students' learning and to monitor progress toward core objectives. The purpose of this type of evaluation is to provide continuous feedback to both the students and teachers concerning learning, teaching successes and failures. To the students, the results of this evaluation or testing provides reinforcement of successful learning and reveals or identifies the specific learning errors or difficulties. It is important to note that the results of formative evaluation help the teacher by providing information for modifying instruction, teaching methods and for prescribing group and individual remedial work. In conclusion, evaluation and testing enable the teacher to know about his, her student's achievements in order to verify their progress, to certify their accomplishments to other educational institutions, to evaluate his, her own success as a teacher and to test the whole enterprise of education. This implies that examination and evaluation if correctly done should enhance learning because they aid both the teacher and teaching and the students in learning. Put yourself to the test and apply for a TEFL course today. Speak with an ITTT advisor today to put together your personal plan for teaching English abroad. Send us an email or call us tollfree at 1-800-490-0531 to speak with an ITTT advisor today.


A bomb cyclone so powerful the governor's declared a state of emergency and is calling in the National Guard. It's when barometric pressure drops quickly in the span of 24 hours. The National Weather Service says it's rare for that to happen in Colorado. Look at this. The bomb cyclone is making its way to Colorado. The weather people have been warning us about it all week. The worst storm in the history of the world. I woke up to rain this morning so I was a little skeptical but hey it looks like it might actually be happening. Woohoo! Let's go ride bikes. Waterproof socks, waterproof pants, super bright waterproof jacket, waterproof shoes, waterproof nippins. I know I said nippins. That's what I called these things when I was a little kid. Ski helmet, goggles, Sony action cam, and my lucky red buff that I had with me every day in the jungle when I was on that survival show on Discovery Channel back in 2010. This thing is like my security blanket. Alright world. It's not too blizzardy y'all. And this is very exciting. Look which bike I'm going to ride. I'm breaking out the big guns. Oh yeah it's time for the Trek 1120. This is not the one that got stolen. Trek gave me a new one. Let's go have some fun in the snow. What do you say? Woohoo! It's a little sloppy out here. There's some plan mines here.  Let's see. Boom! So as you can see I'm having a great time out here. It's a little bit cold. Not that bad. It's a nice wet springtime snowstorm. And boy, this just makes you feel alive getting out here. Makes you feel like a kid. Just jumping in puddles. Like purposely getting as wet as possible. Oh here's a big one. Let's see if we can get through it. This is fun. Let's go full speed. It's a beautiful day in the neighborhood. Slop factory. Look at these trees. You can definitely see that it has been windy. Wow it's like hard as a rock. It's like ice. That's crazy. Nobody's on the roads today. On to the bike path. It's really not that bad out here. Yeah, like at all. I think it's supposed to be worse in eastern Colorado. But here in Boulder it's not that bad. And I'm guessing that a major reason why the snow isn't sticking is because it was about 50 degrees here yesterday and the ground just is too warm. The bike paths barely have any snow on them. All of the schools were shut down in Boulder. A lot of the government jobs have the day off. They really expected this thing to be a whopper. And as of now at about 2pm it is not maybe in other parts of Colorado it is. But I do love it. Out of all the hysteria there's nobody out. Changing gears has become a problem. Check them out. They are just covered in ice. Yeah, that's not a very happy drivetrain. Where's all the snow? This is not snow. It seems like the storm is calming down. We can now see the mountains and they look beautiful. Check it out. Those are the beautiful flat irons of Boulder, Colorado. These birds are having a party. I'm enjoying their song. I was just riding my bike along the path and I could hear this beautiful little bird song. I think they're also a little disappointed with the size of this blizzard.  Alright, I'm making the declaration right here right now. This blizzard was a bust. And since it was such a bust I decided to go over to Dana's house. And pick up Dana. Awesome. Yeah, I survived the blizzard of 2019. Yeah, we're surviving it right now. And it's always a dog. Oh, go get it. It's always a good day to be outside though. We were looking forward to more snow but at least we're outside. And at least it's a little windy now so we can like... Here we go. See, she blocks it. She just blocks it. She never learns. If she gets out of the way, it's a lot more fun. Free kick. Oh, look, we found some snow. Dana, your hair looks awesome. Thanks Ryan. It's not the fake hair hat. It's the real hair hat. Here we go. Big kick. No, just kidding. Hey Dana, let's jump in this puddle. Let's go. Dana, we need to plan an adventure. We are planning an adventure. Yeah, let's do it. Let's get on our bikes and go someplace. I like that idea. Stay tuned, ladies and gentlemen. It's a very bolder look. Running in shorts, I love it. Yes, there's a lot of winter short dudes in Colorado. I can't wait for the next puddle. Boom. Puddle, puddle, puddle, puddle, puddle. Puddle, puddle, puddle, puddle, puddle, puddle, puddle. Okay, sometimes I know some secret things on the boulder trails and I'm about to show you one now. Where are the cookies made? Oh, like a Kebler cookies? What? Whoa, it's a Kebler elf house. And sometimes I leave special little things in here and they always disappear. Really? Awesome. But I brought a special little thing to leave. Look at that. There could totally be some little elves living in this thing. Oh, that's so cool. Somebody always finds it because everything I always put in here is always gone. Oh, that's so cool. Goodbye. She'll be safe in there from the Blizzard of 2019. It is interesting. Like, I don't know where the things go. I left all kinds of little things in there. And by things you're talking like toys and stuff? Yeah, little trinkets. Little figurines, little trinkets and they always seem to They go someplace. Well, I like to think that some little kid finds them and it just makes their day. Yeah, that's what I like to think too. Look at those mountains. This is a pretty good day. This is a pretty good day. Whoa! It's the little things in life. If you haven't jumped in a puddle for a while, I recommend going and doing it.


Do you know where to vote, whether it's early voting with your municipal clerk or on election day? Find out where at myvote.wi.gov. You can also get registered, update your address, request an absentee ballot, and see what's on your ballot. Don't forget your photo ID to vote.


Hi and welcome to the session. I'm Kanika and I'm going to help you to solve the following question. The question says a chord of a circle is equal to the radius of the circle. Find the angle subtended by the chord at a point on the minor arc and also at a point on the major arc. Before solving this question, we should first be well versed with theorem 10.8 and theorem 10.11 given in your NCERT book. Theorem 10.8 states that the angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle. This theorem means that if we have a circle in which arc A V subtends angle A O B at the center and angle ACB at point C on the remaining part of the circle, then angle A O B that is angle subtended by arc A V at the center is two times angle ACB that is angle subtended by the same arc A V at point C on the remaining part of the circle. You should also know that a quadrilateral A B C D is called cyclic if all the four vertices lie on a circle and theorem 10.11 states that the sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180 degree. This theorem means that angle A plus angle C is equal to 180 degree and angle B plus angle D is equal to 180 degree. The knowledge of these two theorems is the key ideas in this question. Let's now begin with the solution. Let's first make a diagram of this question. We have drawn a circle whose center is at O. Now in the question we are given that a chord of a circle is equal to the radius of the circle. So let A V be the chord of this circle and O is the radius of this circle. Now it is given to us that A V is equal to O A. So we are given that O A is equal to A B. Now in construction we will draw a line through O with joints O to B. So let's now join O B. Now O A is equal to O B because they are radius of the same circle and we are given that O A is equal to A B. Let's name this equation as equation number one and this as two. Now from one and two we have is equal to O B is equal to A B. O A is equal to O B is equal to A B. So this implies triangle O A B is an equilateral triangle and since triangle O A B is an equilateral triangle therefore each angle of this triangle is of 60 degree right and hence angle A O B is equal to 60 degree. Now look at the question again. We have to find the angle subtended by the chord that means by A B at a point on the minor arc and also at a point on the major arc. Let C be a point on the major arc A B. Let's now join C to A and C to B. So now we have to determine angle A C B. Now since A B subtends angle A O B at the center, angle A C B at point C on remaining part of the circle therefore angle A O B is equal to two times angle A C B by theorem 10.8 which we have learned in key idea and which states that the angle subtended by an arc the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle. Angle A O B is equal to 60 degree so we have 60 degree is equal to two times angle A C B this implies angle A C B is equal to 30 degree. So angle subtended by the chord A B at a point on the major arc is 30 degree. Now we will find the angle subtended by chord A B at a point D on minor arc A B. Let's now join A to D and B to D. By joining A to D and B to D we now have a quadrilateral A A D B C. Now as vertex B C and D of quadrilateral A B C D lie on a circle therefore A B C D is a cyclic quadrilateral and this means angle C plus angle D is equal to 180 degree because sum of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180 degree. We know that angle C is equal to 30 degree right. So 30 degree plus angle D is equal to 180 degree and this implies angle D is equal to 150 degree. So angle subtended by chord A B at point D in the minor arc A B is 150 degree. Hence our required answers are 150 degree and 30 degree. This completes the session. I and take care.


Good day everyone, I am Dr. Sharon Belmont-George, Chief Medical Officer in the Ministry of Health and Wellness. In the management of COVID-19, there are actions that must be taken if you begin to feel unwell. First, you must monitor your symptoms. If you develop respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, call one of the clinical support telephone numbers for advice. If the medical care provider tells you that the symptoms are mild, please follow the recommended steps of care. If your symptoms are moderate to severe, you will be advised to go to the respiratory clinic closest to you. Wear a face mask when leaving the house, especially if you are coughing or sneezing. This will prevent others from getting the infection. We recommend regular hand washing and the use of hand sanitizer when away from home. Also avoid direct contact with others and also to reduce touching other surfaces. When going to the medical facility, please go directly to the medical provider. Do not sit among the other patients. Testing and treatment and care to persons with COVID-19 is free of charge. Work with the Ministry of Health and Wellness as we reduce the impact of COVID-19 on you and your families. For further information, please contact the Bureau of Health Education at 468-5347-468-5349 or 468-5350.


Yeah, so there were different CAR T presentations, but I think the most interesting one was the update of the CAR T2-1 trial, in which they showed that now with a median follow-up of more than 27 months, they still haven't achieved the median progression-free survival. So that means that patients in six-line therapy receiving this CAR T-cell product have a chance to be progression-free survival after 27 months of more than 50%. I think these are really impressive results. So at the moment, there are only two countries in Europe where CAR T-cells can be given as a commercial product to patients beyond third line of therapy, and this is clearly a problem because not all countries in Europe have access, and furthermore the amount of CAR T-cells that are available is limited. So we see now about 20 patients per year in Germany per month that can be treated all over Germany, which means that a lot of patients that are potentially qualifying will never have a chance to get the CAR T-cell product, unfortunately. I think that's what several companies are working on, and also some research groups. So one of the issues is the identiviral transduction system that is required, and there is a shortage where that's one of the reasons why not sufficient CAR T-cell products can actually be delivered to patients. So that's probably one of your next questions is our Caramba trial, so we're trying to get around the identiviral. So we do a non-viral transduction system, so not depending on identiviral production, and also to speed up the process considerably, and there are other strategies also allowing to speed up the process, because now often a patient has to wait six or eight weeks from the time of lucrophoresis until they finally get the CAR T-cell product, and that is often too long for a very aggressive multiple myeloma. So a lot of things are being done, and I'm hopefully that we are going to improve this. Development is allocars, so these are CAR T-cells taken from another person, and this could be an off-the-shelf product, so this could be also a major improvement in the availability of the CAR T-cell for our patients. So what we see now, and I'm afraid we are going to see this increasingly, is that the target on the myeloma cell that is addressed by biospecific antibodies and CAR T-cells, and that's mainly BCMA, that is going to be lost from the myeloma cell, and that's when the CAR T-cell and the biospecific targeting this antigen is no more active. So we have, we call this antigen loss, and so we need biospecific antibodies and CAR T-cells that are targeting other surface antigens, and that's what we do with the SLAMF 7 in the Caramba Trial. So a new target, a new production, so we do it much quicker than the conventional CAR T-cells that are produced at the moment, and we have a specific safe switch also included, and we are now entering the false dose level, so we haven't seen any major toxicity fortunately, and we now start seeing also efficacy. But we're still in the dose escalation phase of this trial. So we've seen several updates, and what we can see in general is that the biospecific antibodies are not as effective as CAR T-cells, so the overall response rate is about 60% with CAR T-cells, it can go up to 100%. The complete remission rate with biospecific is max 30-35%, with the CAR T-cells it can go up to 82% in the earlier trials, up to 90%. With a progression-free survival it's, we have to see, because the follow-up is not long enough, but some of the biospecifics already provide the same progression-free survival when compared to CAR T-cells. So they're very promising, and they are off the shelf products as we can start to give them directly, and the toxicity is also lower. One issue with the biospecific seems to be infectious complications, and I think we have to better manage and prophylax infections in patients receiving biospecifics. So this is the hypothesis that CAR T-cell is a one-shot treatment. This has been shown for some patients with ALL and CLL, where the CAR T-cells can persist for 10 years, and the patients are probably cured. Now in myeloma the CAR T-cells are not persisting such a long time, and therefore we don't know whether we can actually cure a patient with CAR T-cells. With a biospecific you are right, it's a continuous treatment, but again I personally believe we shouldn't give them until progression. We should stop until when they achieve the best response, and then retreat when the patient starts progressing again.  So I think that's a very important question, and you already alluded to this, that CAR T-cells is a kind of treatment where you give it once and then everything, the myeloma, is away, and this is unfortunately probably not the case in most of the patients that we have treated now. So we need something after CAR T-cells, and melanoma, Maffototin could be a potential treatment for patients after CAR T-cell therapy, and maybe also before CAR T-cell therapy. I would presume that you would not go in with Belama, Belama, Maffototin before the patient has actually gone completely offside effects from the CAR T-cells, or I don't think there will be additional toxicity, and the toxicity of the blood rep is completely different from CAR T-cells, it's this ocular toxicity that is fortunately enough reversible. Now I think what I would like to say to the patients is that I'm very happy for us as the treating physicians, but also for the patients that we have so many new options, and a lot of these new options are so effective, and I think we now already have seen that we can control the disease much better than it maybe for five or ten years ago, and I think with all the new drugs I think we really have the option to cure patients with multiple miles.


Across the UK, communities are finding ways to take back control of their local economies, making it work for them. When I was growing up, we had coal mines in Wigan. My dad was a coal miner. That's what I wanted to do. The last 20 years since we've lost those industries, there's been a generation of people who don't know where opportunities lie. My father's time when he first came over in Bradford was probably one of the richest cities in the UK. And the fall is drastic. It's like an empire collapse. It's just come on itself. The stories from Wigan and Bradford are not unique and they're not the only places that are being left behind. But there is hope. Community economic development is one solution. Community economic development is a process by which people that are working, living and running businesses in places can come together to find new solutions and activities to restructure the economy that meets their needs. With the right support and approach, communities can turn around their local economies, creating businesses and jobs where they're most needed. Co-operatives, businesses owned and controlled by local people often make a big impact. It's a very diverse, multicultural city. We are a pot of talent and knowledge yet to be explored. We've set up Aberdeenwall Co-operative with the idea of allowing the CUNES to be consulted, find out what kind of projects, ideas they'd like to set up and then look in partnership with the public and the private sector, helping people set up their own CUNE to businesses. This place is a community business which we set up to bring women out of isolation and along the nurse into a community setting and give them a sense of a purpose and a sense of achievement. We have around 50 members a week to week. They come and stay and make something for themselves or for people that come in and make specific orders with us. As their own skills improve, if they decided they wanted to branch out and make their own community business, then we could help them do that as well and we could only get bigger and expand from there. We run a nursery, we run a number of community hubs and we have an enterprise coach which helps budding entrepreneurs. Through the wealth of opportunities that Bradford Trident has created, there's a real sense of empowerment. The end result is an empowered community doing things for themselves. We did some work to look at what could be installed on the different roofs of Bradford Trident under community ownership and it's really nice to see a community energy project that's got the panels installed generating electricity and to generate a community benefit fund. I think the work that we're doing here in Aberyn Ward has definitely got the ability to be replicated across the country. Control of resources locally is something that can work anywhere where there's people, where there's community, people work together and do amazing things. Stronger communities are a foundation for a better economy. Co-operatives UK can help. Get in touch for more information.