Hello guys and welcome back. I'm Philip Magnus and I'm coming to you from the 24th dimension. No, not really. Sorry about that, I just lied but I'm here to talk to you about gaming news. And indeed, what is a better star than to talk about everyone's semi-favourite developer, Blizzard Entertainment. They have had a lot of their sleeve lately. First, they did update several of their older games in order for those to work better on modern operating systems. The work on Diablo 2 and Warcraft 3 has, if nothing else, certainly managed to persuade me that they care about their older properties. Despite your personal likes or dislikes when it comes to games helmed by Blizzard and there have been quite a few of them in the last couple of years, you can't deny them wanting, they managed to build memorable worlds. Take Overwatch for example, this game, a team-based shooter, is still going to have a fairly interesting world. How are they going to make sure to deliver on the world when, obviously, a team-based shooter has no place for story? In the lead-up to the game's release in May, we can expect animated shorts and six new comic book shorts. The first of them goes live this month and later in the year they'll be joined by a graphic novel titled Overwatch First Strike, which digs into the backstory of Soldier 76, Torbjorn, Reaper and Reinhardt, as they battle the robot uprising decades before the game. If you care to know who helms the comic books, well that would be Ludu Lullaby, who has previously worked on World of Warcraft the comic book, excellent illustrator, excellent art in that comic book, absolutely deserving of your time. The writing will be taken care of by Mickey Nelsen, who is Blizzard's lead writer in publishing and the story lead on Hearthstone. They have a solid team and I can't wait to see what they have in store for us with the comic books. As for the animated shorts, we know for a fact that one will be concentrated on Winston, there will be one on the weirdly accented tracer and one is to guess that many more will come as the game gets developed further on. But if you prefer MOBAs to the more traditional team-based shooters, perhaps you'd be fascinated to learn that Blizzard's MOBA, Dota-style game Heroes of the Storm, is getting 58 character in the face of the primal Zerg The Hacker. He's got an interesting kit and he will be the first Zerg Tank from the Starcraft universe introduced in the game. Faithful to his fellow Zergs, The Hacker will be unable to mount but quite proficient at making holes in the ground. He's got a number of interesting abilities in his kit. For an in-depth look, please click the link above, it will bring you to the now in development video by Blizzard Entertainment, which will hopefully show you a bit more. On to our next piece of news, we're going to talk about Valve. Do you remember last year they made a little experiment within the Skyrim Workshop? They allowed modification creators to chain to charge for content. The idea was overwhelmingly loaded by the community and soon after it was completely shut down. There were quite a number of verbal reasons. A lack of security in place to prevent fraudulent posts was the lead amongst and it quite hurt Valve's reputation at the time. They are however testing the losses once again with paid user generated content, but this time they are concentrating all their efforts on Dota 2 Reborn. This new interface, the Reborn interface made it much easier for content creators to share their latest creations and Valve itself aided in bringing some select items to the spotlight after let's just call it a very secretive curation method. With this latest move, they fully endorse and open the hand of friendship to a chosen number of content creators by allowing them to sell premium content featured in the form of custom game passes, marking this the first time since the Skyrim incident that modification creators can share their work for profit via a Valve distribution system. For those wondering what a custom game pass might actually mean, it is an in-game purchasable item that allows Dota 2 players access to select custom game content within Dota 2. The passes are valid for indeed no less than 30 days, but no more either. It is not a subscription since gamers can set the ability to auto renew the custom pass itself. It is very important to note here that all of the content creators that will be given this ability will be vetted very carefully by Valve in the hopes that no fraudulent activity will be once again enacted by malevolent entities in the communities of the game and in Dota 2 there are lots of those. Back when Valve originally announced their plans to do something like that with Skyrim, I actually was a lot more enthusiastic compared to most players simply because I saw a lot of promise and an ability for modders to turn this into an avenue thanks to which they could actually turn their hobbies and passions into their living. I still hope that now they can do the same and hopefully with Valve's defenses in place it will be easier and better than the last time around. Of course only time can tell whether this latest venture by Valve is going to end in success or failure. We will see and I will certainly be watching. Now let us move on to more interesting topics, not that that one wasn't interesting enough. We're going to talk about Star Wars Battlefront. A lot of people didn't like Star Wars Battlefront or at least it's EA iteration. I was one of them. I thought that it was fun but at the end of the day not worth my time, not after several hours of play. There really was nothing deep and engaging to it but there once was a project, a very promising project, a very cancelled project in development at British studio Free Radical Design. The game was cancelled decades ago this year despite being nearly finished but it still is fondly remembered for all the footage that it originally showed. A lot of people are still fond of the videos that Free Radical Design released and so fans of the effort by the British studio at Russia-based Frontwire Studios are attempting to remake this version of Battlefront now retitled Galaxy Thermal. The project is live already on ModDB. The small developer is also asking via Reddit for anyone else with coding experience to get involved and to help with this interesting, albeit a bit later-the-party project. I completely understand their enthusiasm after all it has been 10 years since Free Radical Design showed us huge maps which boasted seamless ground to space battles, something completely amiss from DICE's new iteration. I for one am excited by the prospect and hope to see real, tangible progress soon enough. And of course I always hope that LucasArts won't show themselves to be awful people and send them a seized and desist order. But if you are happy enough with beautiful graphics and mediocre expectations of gameplay you may be happy to understand that Greedo Jabba's Palace and the new modes are coming to our current Star Wars Battlefront game, Goethe's AOVA and DICE. The new Outer Rim DLC also has a new mode named Extraction. This Extraction mode involves the terrorists, known as rebels, carrying shipments to a ship preparing for planetary evacuation.  Sorry, I got excited there for a moment. Anyway, the DLC is going to introduce two new heroes, character heroes, one on the side of the rebels, one on the side of the empire. For some reason those two are Nien Namp, who you might remember from Episode 7 and Episode 6, not necessarily in that order, and Greedo, he who did not shoot first, I suppose. Why? Why those two? I have no idea. I mean, we've got like so many interesting characters, we've got Chewie, we've, well, I could honestly take a blast packed Grand Moth Tarkin rather than Greedo, but for some reason Greedo is what we get. I have no idea what they are thinking, but hey, it's EA, so they probably don't do a lot of that thinking process anyway. And now to XCOM related news. First, and more importantly, we've got a new XCOM 2 DLC. It is an accessory pack with over 100 new styles, decals and shoulder pads and pads in the like for your characters in XCOM 2, naturally. It will cost you 5 euro when you could get more interesting stuff for free from this team workshop. Of course, it's kind of worth it if you actually have the DLC pass. At least I hope so. We haven't actually seen or heard any news of XCOM 2's actual interesting story soldier based DLCs, which will be coming in the summer. If you are still curious enough to see what children's Anarchy's Children DLC contains, well, you can take a look at the link above in the right corner, which will lead you to a video I made specifically showcasing some, if not all, of the new accessories. It's not my greatest video ever, but it will do. More importantly, the original XCOM creator, Julian Golub, has announced a new turn-based tactical combat game. It is going to be called Phoenix Point, and we only have the following description. Turn-based tactical combat world-based strategy. It sounds like a new... although an official XCOM. Could it be? I hope so. I mean, he's the guy who created the original XCOM, certainly it will be good. The latest game he helmed was Chaos Reborn, which I have heard is a lot of fun, but I have never ever ever played it. I'd like to, though. Anyway, thank you for taking the time to watch this. It has been a lot of fun to talk about these latest few pieces of news, and I'm looking forward to having a lot more to talk about. If you enjoyed this, please like, share and subscribe. If not, sorry to waste your time. I hope I didn't. Until next time, bye!


The discussions about the relationship between investment growth and productivity in advanced economies have indeed been illuminating and thought-provoking and will continue having a conversation on these issues. If we want to have extended growth in the medium term, we have to begin to look at the factors that cause growth. Innovation, training from skills for workers, capital investment, and in particular reform is needed in different economies. What can we do as central banks to support a belated recovery in investment, recognizing that other policies will be much, much more important? Our investment, affecting productivity, affects TFP, and so the two things are not disconnect. We focus now on sustainable growth and productivity, and that's due to the fact that actually most economies have recovered from a very long recession. So now we start focusing really on sustainable and inclusive growth. We are going to create new occupations that we don't even dream about. We know that research and development has tremendous public and private gains, so that suggests that there's not enough investment in that. So I think subsidies, 40 types of investments, can help create sustainable growth. I have now the pleasure to announce the winner of the prize for the best paper in the Young Economist's poster session. It's Ms. Venkyam Wahund. Education is a key. As an employer in technology, we find that there's a shortage of people trained in software development and data science. These really are careers of the future, and they have exciting applications in a really wide variety of industries.


Such power until you stop and realize that every day somebody's got to put a piece of paper in front of you tells you What you're doing every 15 minutes? but When you've had coffee and all and dessert and when we've had our little conversation here why I'm going to get a chance to Individually greet each one of you in the next room and we'll have some pictures taken all that's going on So first of all, let me thank you all not only for being here, but thank you all for What your presence means and what you have done in the past there have been a few moments when I didn't feel like thanking anyone for But Somebody had suggested some prepared remarks for me and I know that you've been briefed by several other people And I'm sure that almost anything I'd pick out to talk about You already would have heard Like that for the last 12 months the inflation rate has only been running at 2.6 percent and I have told some people before and tell you that I Know that our plan is working because back when things look so dark our critics and opponents named it Reaganomics and Now that it's working. They don't call it that anymore But a great many of you are why it's working If there's one thing I'm proud of above all others it is what happened when we set out to have a task force as we once did in California on the private initiative and What the private sector could do and we have a computer filled now with more than 3,000 Programs all over the United States in which people at the community level or business groups You name it private citizens have found Ways to treat with some of the problems that confront us Just as we used to do once upon a time before government thought that was its main mission and It has just it's been thrilling and exciting to see what's going on and how much is being solved by the citizens of this Country who stepped in but I'm not going to go on because I said I'll be if I talk I'll be saying some of the same things you said but I thought and while you're having your coffee and your dessert that There must have been some times when you've said to yourself boy if I had a chance to ask him Well, that's how we can have a That's how we can have a dialogue. So ask me. Let's have a little Q&A. Yes Thank you very much I Have to tell you that I can't answer that right now because I don't know how it is Going to be sandwiched and what they're going to send up it. I can tell you they have waited down to the very last minute and This is why someday I Wish that a president of the United States could have what we had in California and so many states have the right of line item veto Here in Washington you have to take the whole package or veto the whole package and they can really put it in with Some things that there's no way you can veto. So I'm waiting to see what's going to come to my desk Thank you all the this is probably one of the least most least understood things that we have out there on the airwaves and in the print printed press and so forth and We've tried and tried to make the people understand not only the proximity But what is actually going on down there a very simple situation is this over? What a century or more? We have seen Latin American revolutions and they've always been simply exchanging one set of rulers for another set of rulers But in El Salvador we've had a situation where they are attempting real democracy This is an elected government and when they went to the polls for that election last year More than 80% of the voters turned out and the stories of those people Congressional delegation of ours went down as observers to make sure these were legitimate elections First of all the gorillas had destroyed hundreds of buses and trucks Bombed them and set them on fire so that the people couldn't get to the polls But they went trudging for hours and hours through the hot sun to get there They brought back stories these congressmen of a woman in the line waiting to vote They had to wait as much as eight and I can you imagine Americans? Only about half of us vote and you can vote within about three minutes after you get there They stood in line as long as eight and ten hours Waiting for the opportunity to vote this one woman was wounded by rifle fire because the gorillas had a slogan vote today and die tonight and She would not leave the line for medical treatment until she had voted Another grandmother that was she and her family threatened with death.   You can't kill us all and when the press would go by The congressman told me that these people standing in line would turn and chant to the press tell the truth So this is what it is that we're trying to keep Going with their their reforms. They haven't made it a hundred percent. There are violations of human rights by our standards but For a hundred years, they haven't known what human rights are. They're trying they're working hard at it The gorillas on the other hand are trained in Cuba and even many of them were trained with the PLO In the Middle East There are we have 55 military advisors not advisors military trainers These are mainly enlisted men who are there trying to train the Salvadoran army Which had never been anything but a garrison army so they can deal with these expertly armed and trained gorillas and In Nicaragua right now Nicaragua is supplying the arms and weapons by way of the Soviet or the Soviet Union in Cuba supplying them by way of Nicaragua to El Salvador They have thousands literally thousands of military personnel from Cuba and from some other countries there in in Nicaragua and yet The big fuss is being raised because we have 55 mainly enlisted men trying to teach the Salvadorans how to have a military and As you said It's closer from Miami is closer to El Salvador than Miami is to Washington This is our backyard and our dream is and this is why we've appointed a commission I made a trip down there to Central and to South America. I met with the heads of state I know we've gone there with plans before Good neighbor policies and so forth, but we never really did anything about them And the worst thing is we went as the big colossus of the north and said here's our plan for how you must all better yourselves Well, we went down this time and said to them you tell her what are your ideas? How can we bring all these countries in these two continents north and South America? Together as equal allies here in the Western Hemisphere. We worship the same God from pole to pole When we cross the borders into another country here, we're still among Americans because we're Americans in all of these two continents Same heritage and they were enthusiastic about this and this is what our Commission on Central America is supposed to do find a long range plan by which we can end this these lands of an oligarchy of wealth and the rest of the people in poverty where we can bring them up to where they can have any Economy similar similar to ours where they can be self-sustaining where there's opportunity for their people But you can't do that while someone is shooting their heads off They've got a land reform plan thousands of people in El Salvador have been given land that never allowed to own it before They can't go out and work the land because the guerrillas will kill them if they try and So we think that it's proper to help them economically socially But at the same time to provide a shield and we're not going to have American people down there as we did in Vietnam As a matter of fact President Monago was just here and he's openly stated. He says I don't want That kind of help we can do the job ourselves If you will see that we're provided with the wherewithal with the weapons and the ammunition and so forth to do it So that's what we're going to do and there isn't there isn't any similarity between what we're doing and Nicaragua and Maybe when they're so busy criticizing that they might look back and see that the first armed forces that were sent into Nicaragua Were sent by Democratic administrations And it was a Republican administration that finally got us out of there During the pre-convention days of 1980 and there probably were a few of us who maybe even did some second guessing of you in Detroit But in the last two and a half years I don't think we could have asked for a more loyal stronger more effective voice of the vice president in Articulated your policies and if you should decide to run again, I don't think there's one of us here that would not totally Quite honestly May I tell you that somebody else in this room for two and a half years has Discovered the same thing that you have discovered and I couldn't have asked for anyone that has been more involved More engaged in what we're doing and worked harder And the vice president has done and I don't want to go You understand why I can't answer You know, there's it's a really a Hobson's choice If a fellow said no, he'd be a helpless lame duck for the rest of his term here And if a fellow said yes everything you tried to do they would oppose on the basis that was campaigning That's just about lady and then you Well, it'll be it'll be my fourth trip Out there and I have to tell you that having been governor of California I came to Washington with the idea that really the future Lies in the Pacific Basin and we are a Pacific state as well as a As a state that looks toward Europe that I think the old adage of go West young man still holds true And that is where the great new development has taken place Bob says we got to make it the last question Well, it is true that the polls indicate that more women vote the other way than vote for me But I figured that there's two gender gaps on account of more then vote for me than vote for the Democrats But again, I think it's a case of not really understanding What we've done and what we're doing first of all in California. I was governor there We started in then and we found and changed 14 statutes that actually Deliberately discriminated against women and we had all 14 of those laws cancelled when I came here the first thing we did was Set up an operation to communicate with the rest with all the 50 governors and tell them of our California experience and Every one of them appointed a representative within their state to start inspecting their own laws and regulations to do At their state level what we had done in California, but we didn't stop there and to date we are far ahead of Virtually any previous administration that we know of certainly than the one that just preceded us with regard to what we have done our tax policy Relieved to a great extent the marriage income tax penalty that was unfairly imposing on married couples We almost doubled went from 400 to 720 the tax credit for childcare for working mothers We did a number of other things in that regard tax wise for example the changes in the inheritance tax that a spouse Does not have to pay inheritance tax a number of things of that kind but also From the civil court or the Supreme Court appointment to three members of the cabinet This is never before happened in our country, but also More than a thousand appointments at a different level than than cabinet of women in virtually every Facet of what our activity that we have in the administration and then I was what happens and distorts this picture Is that the other day I? saw on the news Comparison of the figures of the Carter administration with regard to women and dollars And made him gave him a little edge Except that they'd no one said that they were using his figures for the total four years And they were only using ours for the first two years now At two years if you compare what he had done at two years and ours We're way ahead in every department just as we are in the whole subject of civil rights Here again from the very first and beginning in California. We started down that path and I will match our record against that of any administration that has ever served in this government and yet We're getting no recognition and now One legal case that the Justice Department has brought has earned us the accolades of the press in that they're saying well Now we're doing it just as a grandstand stunt Our legal cases with regard to housing violations Human rights violations discrimination and education top At this moment those that are pending those that have been completed top anything that any figures that we've ever found in any previous administration and We're going to keep on in that direction too But I guess I did more than answer a question didn't I I know I've got as late


Forum. Start discussions. Being able to discuss our learning with others helps us to progress and Moodle offers several different types of discussion forums for you as a teacher to enable your learners to do exactly that. To add a forum, turn on the editing, and then in the section you'd like to add the forum, click Add an Activity or Resource. We can add several forums of several different types we don't only have to choose one. Clicking Add an Activity or Resource brings up the Activity Chooser. Forum is an activity because learners interact with it. Click once to go straight to the setup page or click the information icon for more details than the Add button. There are a lot of settings for the forum, but we only really need to give it a name, a description and then to save it. The name will be what learners see on the course and the description, if you wish, may be displayed by clicking the Display Description on Course Page box. We then choose the type of forum we want. The default is a standard forum, which allows anyone to click a button to add a new discussion topic. However, if you click the drop-down box, there are other types as well. For instance, a single simple discussion allows for the teacher to start a topic and all the learners can do is respond to that particular topic. If you want to know what the other forum types are, then clicking the question mark, you see the Help and you can find out more. There are other settings which might be worth exploring. For instance, in Availability, you can set due dates and cut-off dates for forum posts. You can decide the number and size of attachments that you wish to allow your learners to attach and you can set a word count which learners will see when they add a forum post. Another important element is subscription. Do you want your learners to be automatically subscribed to the forum to receive notification of replies or do you want them to be able to choose? Discussion locking allows you to close a forum if no one has replied after a certain time and if you enable whole forum grading, you can grade forum discussions and these grades get sent back to the gradebook. We will leave this for now. To get started on our forum now, we just need to scroll down and save and return to course. As a teacher, if we enter the forum to add a new discussion topic, we can either quickly post to the forum or click Advanced for other options such as adding an attachment, pinning a post to the top or setting a display period. Let's pin this post so we can see how it displays for students and there is a pin icon here. In a different forum on a different course, we can see some other settings. Forum discussions may be ordered in various ways, for instance by last post. From the three dots on the right, a teacher can unpin a discussion or pin a new one. Everyone can star a discussion from the three dots or by clicking on the star and for students, this will move the discussion up the list under any pinned posts. Teachers can send private replies to students which only the student can read but not reply to and teachers can manually lock discussions from the three dots on the right. Here we see the message telling everyone they can no longer reply and here they can easily subscribe or unsubscribe to each discussion. Finally, if you want to test a new way to view forum discussions, you can access this from the user menu, preferences, forum preferences and try experimental nested discussion view.


Hello everyone and thank you for watching this video. I am Baptiste Lombard and today I will present our paper at EJCRIP 2021 which is called Strong and Tight Security Guarantees against in-stakehold distinguishers and this is a joint work with Phil Hepburn, Gregor Leander and Yosuke Todu. So the main topic is block ciphers. So block ciphers are one of the main way to build symmetric encryption and the idea is to generate a family of permutations such that to compute the encryption of a plaintext M we will simply choose a key which will select one of these permutations and then the resulting ciphertext C is simply the image of M through this permutation. So an ideal block cipher would be a random selection of permutation and this is quite hard to do. So in practice we try to build block ciphers which approximate this ideal block cipher. So one of the way to do so is to use a keyalterniting block cipher. So instead of designing the whole set of permutations or that once we will first design a round function f and a key schedule and this key schedule will take the key k, derive some subkeys k0, k1 and 2kr and then to encrypt we will take the plaintext at k0, apply the round function f at k1, apply the round function f again and again until the end and we obtain the ciphertext. So most if not all block ciphers these days are keyalternative block ciphers and one of them is for example AES. And so we want to study the security of this block cipher. So how far do they differ from a random set of permutation? And one example to do so is integral attacks. So I will introduce them with an example on AES so it's a very well-known integral attack, but the idea is that we will generate a set m of 2 to the 8 plaintext which have the following structure. So we set each of the bytes of the plaintext to be some constant except one byte, the first one for example, which would take all values. So this leads to 2 to the 8 plaintext and we will encrypt this set of plaintext with three rounds of AES so resulting to the ciphertext and something we can assume is that if we take the sum of all of the ciphertext, so when I say sum, I mean the xor of all of the ciphertext together, then whatever the value of the key that was used in the three round AES, this sum will be zero. So each byte with sum to zero. And this is not really a behavior that we would expect from a random permutation. So this is distinguisher, so this is something that distinguishes a block cipher from an ideal block cipher from a set of random permutation. And the important part here is that it's true for any key. So in general, the framework of integral attacks is to find such a set M of plaintext such that the sum of the resulting ciphertext is always equal to zero with probability one, no matter the value of the key. And obviously the set needs to be non-empty and also to not cover the full input set. But it's something that dates back from quite a while now. It was introduced by Knudsen with higher-than-differentials. It was then refined a bit, especially with delta sets, so sets a bit like the previous one where some bytes are constant and other take-all values. And I will talk a bit about it later, but there are some links with the ANF of the cipher, so with the algebraic representation of the cipher. And these days the most common way to study integral attacks is to consider division property introduced by Iosuke Todo a few years ago to actually find this set M. So integral attacks are the goal of integral attacks is to find this set M such that the resulting sum is zero. So if we want to argue about the security of a block cipher against these attacks, well, we need to show that no such set M of plaintext exists. And to do so, we need to take a closer look at how we can describe a block cipher. So something very general is that for any Boolean function, we know that we can represent this Boolean function with its algebraic normal form, so it's ANF, which is simply writing it as a polynomial over F2. And so for a block cipher, a block cipher is not just a Boolean function. It's essentially a keyed Boolean function. So now we have a key and instead of having just a coefficient lambda u in F2 in front of each monomial, we will have a polynomial pu, which depends on the key k. So this is how we will see our block ciphers now as keyed Boolean function, and we have the ANF given as the sum of some pu k times some monomials x2u. And so something very useful to study block ciphers when seeing them like this is the notion of algebraic degree. So the algebraic degree is essentially just what is the degree of the highest monomial in x that appeared in the ANF. So we are only considering the monomials in x, and whatever the highest degree monomial appears in the whole ANF, then this is defined as the degree of the block cipher. And so to show that this monomial x2u appear in the ANF, it means essentially that the corresponding key polynomial is non-zero. And one way we could show that this key polynomial pu is non-zero, is with the following lemma, which is a very well known result, which basically states that we can compute this polynomial pu by doing the sum of all x lower or equal to nu, where lower or equal for vectors is defined as just all coordinates are lower or equal to the other. And so if we do the sum of all of the x lower or equal to nu, then we obtain pu. And this looks very close to what we want for integral attacks, and actually this is one of the ways to build integral attacks. So if we can show that the algebraic degree of block cipher is equal to d, then for any u of weight larger than d, the key polynomial pu will be zero, otherwise it wouldn't be of degree d. But if this key polynomial pu is equal to zero, this means that the sum of all of the x lower or equal to nu of the resulting ciphertext is equal to zero, which is exactly what we want for an integral attack. So we can define the set m as the set of all x lower or equal to nu, and now we have a set m for which if we take the corresponding ciphertext, they're all summed down to zero. So in a necessary condition we want for a block cipher to be immune to integral attacks, it's obviously to have a high degree. And so estimating the degree of a block cipher is not easy. It was quite well known now to obtain upper bound on this degree, but if we really want to prove security, first step would be to show lower bound on the algebraic degree. And this was considered quite hard until last year at Egecript 2020. And so last year at Egecript, we actually, the same author, showed how to compute lower bound on the degree of block ciphers and also a few stronger notion. And I will need to describe a bit what we did, because our work this year strongly relies on the techniques introduced in this paper. So the idea is that we have a block cipher e and we can write its a and f. And if we develop the key polynomial pu, it basically results in this expression. So the sum of some lambda uv times kv times x to the u. And so this is of degree d, if we can find a u of weight d such that lambda uv is not zero. And ideally for a block cipher, we want to show that it is of maximum degree, which means degree n minus one. And so there is not a lot of choice for this vector u, because there are only n vectors of weight n minus one. However, for v, there is a lot more freedom. So again, we are in the context of key alternating block ciphers. So we have this round function and between each round function, we have a key addition. So when we build block ciphers, we use a key schedule to derive this round function, but to show this lower bound of the degree to basically show, try to show the security of this block cipher. We would work under slightly stronger assumption, which is that we have independent round keys. And more specifically, in the work of, at Egecrypt last year, we didn't need the first and the last key. So we are only considering the keys in the middle of the ciphers, and we consider them all independent. So now our monomial kv is defined as, well, the following expressions. So monomial in k1 times a monomial in k2, et cetera. And so we need to do two things. We need to be able to show that a given lambda uv is different from zero. And we also need to choose which v to use, so which vi to use to actually compute this lambda uv. So the first question was answered at Egecrypt last year, using basically a variant of the division property, which is a mathematical way to show some things about the degree and the monomials appearing in the NF of a block cipher. And what we did last year essentially comes down to, okay, how do we actually choose the vector v so that we can actually compute this coefficient lambda uv in practical time. And so we can compute this lambda uv. And by doing so, we can actually compute some lower bounds on the algebraic degree. And with a bit more work, we can even prove some stronger notions of just the algebraic degree called minimum degree and max degree monomial property, which I will not describe here. But even the stronger notions of the max degree monomial property was not enough to prove true resistance against integral attacks. What our paper last year did was prove resistance against only a subset of integral attacks. And moreover, the bounds that we gave and the resistance, the partial resistance that we showed, was only true for a given number of rounds r, but we did not provide any arguments for a larger number of rounds, knowing that, for example, the degree is maximum r. So this was another problem. And last, computationally, it was still quite expensive and took a lot of time to compute. So our contribution this year is to actually improve all of these three points. And I will mostly focus on proving actual resistance against integral attacks. So let's come back to our initial problem. So we want to show that there is no set M of plant X, so that the resulting sum on ciphertext is equal to 0. We show that if the degree is high enough and discover some form of set M, but not all of them. So if we look a bit closer in a bit more details, if there is an integral attack, if there is such a set M, so that the sum is equal to 0, it actually means that the key polynomials Pum are linear dependent. So if we wanted to show that a given block cipher is resistant against integral attacks, we will need to show that all of the 2 to the n polynomials Pum are linear independent. And this seems very hard, because so each polynomial can also be developed as a polynomial, so this is some of some lambda uv times kv. And well, each polynomial has about 2 to the n coefficients, and we have 2 to the n polynomials, so we will need to compute 2 to the n times 2 to the n coefficients and show that the following matrix is full rank, which when you consider modern block ciphers where n is equal to 64, for example, it's a very large number, and it's absolutely not doable in practice. So we need to do something a bit smarter, and to do so, we will simply use a whitening key. So we have our block cipher e, which depends on the key k, and what we do is considering an augmented cipher, where we just add a whitening key, so a key k0, before the actual block cipher. So we have the a and f of our block cipher e k, which is the sum of some p u times x to the u, and now we also have the a and f of the augmented block cipher, which is the sum of some qv times x to the v, and qv now are polynomials in both the key k and the whitening key k0. And the main theorem that we show is that if we consider only one output bit of the block cipher, then by showing that all of the polynomials p, e, i are linearly independent, so the polynomials in the original block cipher, then all of the resulting polynomials in the augmented block cipher, so the block cipher with the whitening key are linearly independent. So why is this useful, because the polynomials p, e, i are the polynomials associated with the vector e, i, which is defined as one in each coordinate, a set coordinate i, which is set to zero. And there are only n vectors of this form. So if we are able to show that n polynomials are linearly independent, then only by adding a whitening key, we show that all of the 2 to the n resulting polynomials are linearly independent. So now we reduce the work from 2 to the n to n polynomials. So this was only for one output bit. Block cipher obviously has more than just one output bit, has multiple output bits. And an attacker could try to see if the sum of sum of this output bit is zero, but also try to sum, for example, linear combination of output bits. So we don't just need to show that all of the output bit verifies the theorem, we need to show that any linear combination of output bit verifies the theorem, which means that for any non-zero beta, the inner product between beta and ek verifies the previous theorem. So this is just one output bit function. We need to show that all of these functions verifies the previous theorem. And again, there are 2 to the n of these functions, so we cannot do it very naively. We need to do something a bit smarter. And it's actually very somewhat easy to see. So yeah, we need to show that all of these functions, so inner product of beta and the block cipher verifies the previous theorem, which means that we want actually that all of the inner product between beta and the specific n polynomials pei associated with the weight n minus 1 vectors are linearly independent. And so what this means, since the pei are vectors of polynomial, is that we only need to focus on n squared polynomials. And show that all of these n squared polynomials are linearly independent, which is much smaller than the 2 to the n polynomials we had before. So we need to show that all of these polynomials are linearly independent. And to do so, again, these polynomials are expressed as some lambda u v times k to the v. So we just need to find a few vi, at least n squared, such that when we write this matrix, so the matrix of the coefficient of each polynomial, this matrix is full rank. If this matrix is full rank, then the n squared polynomials are linearly independent. And we want we actually proved integral resistance, resistance again, integral attacks. So yeah, in short, for block cipher ek, we compute about n to the 4, well-chosen coefficient u v, so that the previous matrix is full rank. And if we are able to do so, we show that the block cipher, when using the weightening key, fulfills the integral resistance property, which means that the block cipher is immune to integral attacks. And we can compute this lambda u v using what we did last year at Eject field. However, a small caveat is that it was still only using the work from Eject last year, was a bit slow. It was still very computationally hard. And even if some result could have been achieved, just doing it naively wouldn't work. Essentially, the issue is that to compute this lambda u v is we need to count the number of solutions in an MILP problem, so a linear programming problem. And generally this is quite hard. So what we did to improve this is essentially try to reduce the number of solutions to this problem. And a big observation was that if we are working on a block cipher which has a worldwide linear layer, so a linear layer working on bytes and nibbles, we can have equivalent representation of the cipher. And more specifically, if the cipher is using the S-box S, we can instead use an S-box S-prime, which is defined as a following, which is just a special case of affin equivalence. So that assuming an opponent run case like we did in the beginning, we have equivalent ciphers. So now instead of just one cipher, we have actually quite a few of them, about 2 to the 22 if the S-box is over 4 bits. And what we did was design some heuristic criteria to pick which representation to use so that the number of solutions in the MILP problem would be rather small. So we can actually enumerate this solution and so obtain our result, which is computing this lambda u v. And so we designed the heuristics. We also show how to actually choose v in a smart way so that we have a lot of lambda u v's which are automatically equals to zero without doing any computation just by design. If we choose v properly, we know for sure that some coefficients will be zero in the matrix, which heavily reduce the number of coefficients we need to compute. And also using some symmetries in some block ciphers, we can also reduce the number of coefficients. And so another example is that we are able to get results on the block cipher craft while last year we were not able to without this improvement. So to give a summary of what we showed, here are the number of rounds we are able to prove some on our several block ciphers. So in the second column, I'll give the number of rounds for which we know the longest integral distinguisher. And on the last column, I chose the number of rounds we were able to prove to be resistant against integral attacks. And in the head, you can see all of the results which are tight, which means that there is no improvement possible. We know that the best integral distinguisher is one less round that the number of rounds we were able to prove to be resistant to integral distinguishers. So you can see that for gift and present, there is still some margin. It doesn't mean that there is necessarily an attack on, for example, the 11 round of gift. It just that, constitutionally, we were not able to show that 11 rounds of gift is resistant to integral attacks. It might be possible, but there are still some improvement we can do here. So I showed how to prove resistance against integral attacks, how we improved the computational aspect. And the last point is, what about more rounds? So I show that a given number of rounds is immune to integral attacks, but what happened for more rounds? We would expect, obviously, that it works. If r rounds are immune, then r prime rounds are also immune. But in practice, it's a bit more complicated. So if we just consider the algebraic degree, and we take two very simple functions, so the two functions here, f and e, both of these functions are of degree two. But if we compose these functions, even with adding a key in the middle, then the resulting function is of degree one. So what we can see is that the algebraic degree, in general, is not preserved. And so we cannot automatically give guarantees. However, in the paper, and I recommend you to see this, if you are interested in the details, we can actually characterize when the algebraic degree is preserved. Now, if we look at integral resistance, so if we show that a block ciphery k is resistant against integral attacks, then in this case, it's a lot easier, because we are able to show that for any permutation f, adding this permutation at the input of the cipher also results in something that is immune to integral attacks. And this is very easy to see, it's just that if we add a permutation at the input, then at the end, we also obtain a sum of some set, so f of m, of some linear combination of the output bits. And we show that all of this sum are non-zero, which essentially means that it depends on the key. So for integral resistance, everything happens nicely. If we are able to show that our rounds of cipher are immune to integral attacks, then any higher number of rounds is also immune. So to conclude, there are still some ways to improve our work, so it's still quite a bit intensive on computations, so we would like to make it faster, we would like to design even better heuristics and understand these heuristics better, and we would also like to make it more usable, because for now, for each block cipher, we actually need a few tweaks here and there to actually really improve the speed and actually have practical results. So there are still some more works to explore, and thank you very much for your interest in this talk, and I hope to see you next week at the live talks for Azure Crypt.


placing supporting fires and Marine Corps martial arts tests. The squads were scored based on their time and accuracy during each of them. Over the past week, First Marine Division put its best infantry squads to the test in the annual Infantry Squad Competition. This year's competition featured six days of grueling squad level day and night ranges and evaluating lethality, tactics, and general knowledge tests. Squads were tasked with not only planning squad level attacks in scenarios of each range, but also land navigation and placing supporting fires and Marine Corps martial arts tests. The squads were scored based on their time and accuracy during each of them. Other than that, are there any questions in regards to safety? So if there is any kind of emergency whatsoever, C-Spar, C-Spar, C-Spar, everybody goes condition four. If I can get the coaches over here and then everybody else. Our campfire is right here at 215. We're going to move 100 meters north to find this go trail from there. We're not making about a 45 degree angle, about 100 meters in. So this is our campfire right here at 215. We're going to go north about 100 meters past the road, find the go trail from there, take the go trail down about 100 meters, link up at 22, and then give them their resupply. Our campfire is right here at 215. We're going to move 100 meters north, find this go trail, from the go trail, move 100 meters to the east. Here you go, put them here. Strider one, this is Tremors two. Radio checked. There's a limit Charlie. So when he says stand by, where should your muzzle be at, just because everybody's doing a little differently. Weapon on safe. Contact. Again, make sure you're utilizing your peripheral vision. Once you are done engaging, all right, stop, search and assess, and then drop your muzzle. Good? Drop your muzzle. All right.  Stand by. Infigencies, right? You always have to assume your enemy has exactly what you have, or better gear. Show me your issue. Next up. Show me your, show me your, contact. What's that for? When someone says set, that just means I'm not moving anymore, right? So that doesn't mean I'm shooting. Lopez, all of them. You can go through either one. I prefer mine on the bus side. It's just a little bit tighter. As far as the, do you need help? Yes or no? Two, one, two, seven, eight, nine, eight. One, seven, three, one, three, four. Catch. Eight, three, six, two, three, six, five, nine, five. Nine, two, three, catch. Seven, nine, one, nine, six, catch. No, okay. Hey, get on the cushion. Johnson, you're lefty, right? Nine, seven, seven, zero. Do not stick your hand in there. It's just, hey, don't worry about me too. Oh, so then you want to like this? No, don't, don't put the tip out. Okay, I'll just hold it like this. Separate the, uh, the barrel. Going to be alert, direction, description, range. 240, set up, tongue gun. Then you say again, gun up. First thing, at least... Send it. Cross, ready to start? Set to start. All right, good. Right, prepare to move. Loading, 1-H-E. Roger, loading, 1-H-E. Are you okay? Are you okay? Are you okay? They have managed to stop the... So now they try, yes, so now they... And then you're going to have that... You've been watching, trying to clear this high ground right here, all right? As they negotiate these stairs, number two is going to be looking up and then back to try and see if this is open. If it is, all right, he has to pull security on it, has to... As I shorten this, in front of my barrel, I don't want it above, right? So there's nobody can grab it. Here, and I come through and I punch, I pull back into me, regular firing position, ready to go. The culminating event was a Pugelstink bounce after a 12-kilometer movement, testing both mental and physical problems. Closing out this year's event, 1st Battalion 5th Marines came out on top, receiving the coveted Mitchell Cup, Semper Fidelis Marines.


All right, so now it's easy. So we just, we need the project to exist somewhere. We need to tell people about it. We have to start making releases, maybe. We're probably gonna get bug reports. I don't want them, but people are probably gonna want to send them. And more importantly, users need a way to complain because everyone does that. So this gets into the harder part of a software project which is the community aspect. So when you're making an open source project, yeah, you can just post code out there but if you're not working to get the community on board, it might go unnoticed and this does happen. So when you're working on this, yeah, you need to have an actual structure around the project. In this case, it's software. So your typical directory layout and stuff like that, pick a license. I chose GitHub to put it there just because we had other projects there and were established. So that helps with visibility. Also, start demonstrating the workflow you want contributors to do. So it's really easy if you create a project on GitHub and you want other people to contribute. Well, if you own the project, you just push things to it. But try to get out of that habit. Instead, fork the repo and send yourself pull requests and review them and kind of play by your own rules. It might seem silly, but that helps paint that picture of how you want collaboration at work. I set up copper repos so that we could get automated builds. So all those tests, people would send stuff. So that was all the mechanics to get things happening. But I still need people to actually start contributing. And this is where you got to go out and start talking about the project. And anytime someone's talking about RPM diff or asking a question, what is this thing about RPM inspect? I've never heard of it. It's easy to get frustrated when you're working on a project. You're like, how can someone not know about this? I've been talking about it. Well, the fact of the matter is we all get a lot of email. There's a lot going on. We can't be aware of every single project. So instead, you can view those as opportunities to explain to people what's going on and how what you're doing, you're trying to save them time and make their life easier. So that's what I did for a couple years is every time something would come up, I would say, well, here's what I'm doing here. Oftentimes, people would be really receptive to that. Thanks for explaining it. And then that would lead to them contributing either ideas or patches. And it just kind of grew from there. My manager did ask me to reach out to Suza early on to see if they were interested in collaborating with RPM Inspects since they use RPM. And that was a very short conversation. They were absolutely 100% not interested. So I was like, okay, well, I tried. It was an odd conversation. I did try again about a year later and they were still 100% not interested. So maybe that will change at some point in the future. But yeah, just being aware and communicating, you start to sound like you're repeating yourself and you really are because not everyone is going to see all of those conversations. You're going to respond in bug reports. You're going to respond to mailing lists. You're going to use events like this to communicate, kind of give the same presentation over and over again. But that's how we learn about projects and that's how you start getting people interested in participating and contributing. And it takes a lot of work. I say it's harder than the code and it really is. And like I said, eventually you start getting people aware and they start sending pull requests. I had some surprises to me. The Java maintainers at Red Hat were really interested in proving stuff in RPM Inspects. I started getting pull requests from them. That was really kind of cool. The Anachek and Lib Abigail maintainers on the tools team were also really interested in receptive to bug reports and things like that. They even turned Anachek into Lib Anachek and gave it a public API, which was really nice. So you don't know what's going to happen until you keep communicating that. And kind of going hand in hand is marketing. This is something I'm really bad at. And it ties into that community aspect there. To me, this is really the hardest part. I know that I could be doing a better job of marketing the software and making the projects known to more people. I'm just really bad at that. I would rather stare at a core dump file than go and figure out how to make people aware of software. So this is always an area that I'm looking for help with and just ideas on how to improve it. I said I go and monitor mailing lists and bug reports and just have those individual conversations. Those are easier for me, but other projects may find it easier to do presentations, do YouTube recordings, something like that. I don't know, it really varies by project. Now, I've been working on this for a long time. It's largely in maintenance mode. It's stable, but there's still stuff to do. Documentation, number one on the list here. There's been a request, this actually came up in 2019, which was be able to extend RPM inspect with Python plugins, which I think is really cool. I have a branch that I'm working on that on, but it's not required. And just kind of going through the other RFEs and stuff like that. So it's just at this point, I think it's gonna evolve and kind of live in maintenance mode until such time as something else comes along and replaces it. All right, so yeah, summary. So what did I do that I count as a win? And I gave these little subtitles here because I thought I would get some laughs, but, you know. It's a tough crowd. All right, so the first was it's a library. So I decided to implement the core functionality in this program. I said it's a command line program, but I shifted all that into a library. And the reason is I feel like down the road, there might be a need to, or it might be a desire to use that functionality, but have a different execution front end. So by splitting this out into a library, I'm trying to kind of prepare for that possibility. The vendor data packages, this was separating out the data from the code. And there's RPM Inspect Data Fedora, RPM Inspect Data CentOS, and RPM Inspect Data Red Hat. And all those packages contain the rules.  The biggest thing there is all of that's out of the code. And more importantly, I don't have to own it. So that's information that can be owned by the vendor and maintained separately in the program. We're doing that now for Red Hat, Fedora and CentOS. I still kind of have a hand in maintaining those packages, but there are people that also help with that. The last one here, I chose C as the implementation language. This is where I thought people would laugh, but there's a reason for that is the core functionality here relies on lib RPM, which is in C. The development and debugging tools for C are more mature than other languages. While I would have loved to explore something like Rust or another language for this project, the fact of the matter is I needed it to be done fast and be reliable and stable, and I know C well. And I don't know those languages. So I didn't wanna tack on, oh, I should also play around with another language. So I get the advantage of being able to use all these other libraries that exist in C. And I can also keep the program itself really small. All right, so fails. Documentation, so like everyone, I am saving the documentation until it's done and stable, so that means it'll never be written. What I should have been doing is the same thing I was requiring with code commits, which is I would also write the test cases that would go along with the code commits. I should have also done the documentation, the inline documentation so that I could be doing that all along. Me, I made that mistake of saying like, well, I might refactor the API a bit, so why would I write the documentation for this if it's just gonna change? But you know what? Who cares?   I really wish I hadn't chosen YAML. It's a terrible config format. Initially, actually, I was using INI style files, but those are not, there's no standard for that and they're not really flexible. I'm kind of stuck with YAML. Honestly, that's established. It's in disk.get now with rpm and spec.yaml files, so I do regret that. And then I had this idea as well for profiles in the config, which really is just too complicated for people to understand. It was one of those like, oh, and I could also do this moment, so it's there, but no one really uses it. But that's just unnecessary code. I did mention INI style config files and yeah, I changed that to YAML and yeah, that was the only thing. Nothing else was wrong. Okay, so things that I still need to work on. Yes, command line option handling. If you're gonna make a command line program, try to put some thought into the command line option handling, don't just keep adding them. Like, it's easy for that to get out of hand. Look at TAR, for instance, or now GNU LS, which is nearly impossible to remember options for that. I could have better debugging output and logging and the dash K option, so RPM and spec will go and fetch builds out of Koji and all the RPMs. Dash K option was to keep the builds, but the way that's implemented is kind of backwards from what every user was expecting, but to change that now I need to do, I need to do some better marketing and communication before I just drop that change on everyone. So the fix itself is easy, but I need to think about the communication around that. So that's why I have not done that yet. Successful collaboration. So yeah, Anarchek, so Anarchek is a command. If you've used it at all from the Anabem project, it's actually really kind of cool, but it was just a command line tool and Nick had not implemented a library and I said it would really be useful if I had this as a library. And he said, oh, I can do that real quick. That's super easy. So over a weekend, he just turned it into a library, but it needed a lot of work. So the API was a bit haphazard and lacking. And I said, you don't have this, you don't have this. You redefined zero here and all this. And it was kind of funny, but he was really receptive to that. So now Anarchek has a library, which is really kind of cool. Lib Abigail does have a library, but it's written in C++ and I, yeah, so there's problems there. But it was nice that this collaboration with Anarchek was well received. People also started submitting lots of GitHub actions for CI jobs. So if you go and look at the CI jobs for our human aspect, it covers many distributions. All the Fedora, CentOS, CentOS Stream, REL is in there, Dabian, Ubuntu, Suza, Alpine, Arch, Gen2, Olmalenix, and I added free BSD just for fun. I was like, can we do that? You know, I tried in that BSD and failed at that and Mac OS 10, I haven't gotten that working. But this is just, you know, people saw that it was possible to start doing that and have been contributing things for that. So more coverage is always welcome. And also a project should be fun. And I had one developer submit a pull request that really fixed up the parser, refactored that a whole lot, which I hated the YAML parsing code that I had. And so he extended it to support JSON and DSON. And if you're familiar with DogeScript, DSON is the JSON equivalent for that. So RPE Mespect does support that.  And this does work, you can add this and just get it. This is from GrubTube, by the way. So I just really, I don't know, I just think it's fun. Like someone's gonna come along and read this and think, what is going on? But yeah, this is just the kind of fun stuff that you can do with contributions when you communicate it out and stuff like that. So I kind of ran through everything really quickly because I wanted to leave time for questions because questions are always fun. So does anyone have any questions? Please have some questions. You mentioned various distros. Yeah, are they actually using RPE Mespect? I'm sorry, who? You said all these CI jobs for different distros, but are they actually using RPE Mespect for some of the processes? No, so those projects, to my knowledge, are not using RPE Mespect. They were just added to see if we could run RPE Mespect in those environments and if it would pass the test suite. Yeah, to my knowledge, no one other than Fedora, CentOS and RHEL are using RPE Mespect right now. So as one who had to use RPE MD in the past, the one thing that RPE MD gave you is the interactive ability to react to the results which is missing in RPE Mespect because of the nature of RPE Mespect being basically a batch run. Do you foresee any improvements in RPE Mespect other than basically disabling individual checks? So when you talk about the RPE MDIF reactions, you mean like the ability to wave a result? Right. Yeah, so good question. So the intent with RPE Mespect is to handle those wave actions that you would do in RPE MDIF through a local project configuration file. So yes, in this example here, you can see entire inspections are turned off because they don't really apply to Grubb 2. But in an instance where the control given to you in the config file is insufficient, I wanna treat that as a bug and say, okay, we need more fine-grained control for the rules in RPE MEN Spec config files. Now in some cases, that wave action actually needs to be handled through the vendor data package with a global rule. And that is kind of a thing that's not totally obvious and I wanna improve how that at least is documented and communicated. But that's actually the intent through RPE MDIF MDIF MDIF MDIF is you see the result that way, you modify the config file and then it'll run again. There's no plan right now to implement like a reaction interface type thing where you wave it that way. That hasn't been brought up. Yeah, perfect. Well, thank you very much, we appreciate it. Thank you, everyone. Thanks for coming to my talk. I hope to see you around. The next talks are available and starting right now, so if you are switching rooms or anywhere, but we'll get started here in just a few moments, so.


Chair of the DRB, this is a virtual meeting on Zoom. All members of the Board and the public can communicate in real time. Planning staff will provide Zoom instructions for public participation before the hearings are opened. If Zoom does crash, this meeting will be continued to August 24th, 2021. All votes taken in this meeting that are unanimous will be done by roll call vote in accordance with the law. Let's start the meeting by taking a roll call attendance of all DRB members participating in the meeting. Paul Christensen. Present. Dave Saladino. Present. Dave Turner. Present. Pete Kelly, chair, I'm present. That's four members present out of seven. So we do have a quorum. Next up is staff to walk us through Zoom instructions. Yep. So welcome everybody to the DRB tonight. I think everyone is signed in, but you can rename yourself on the participant section of the toolbar for the public record. If you're intending tonight with a laptop, please turn your microphone off, your camera off, as well as the speaker to prevent feedback. Participants, there's a lot of features on your toolbar. Your video camera is optional. You can turn that on or off as you wish. Please keep yourself on mute when you are not speaking. If telephone participants join tonight, you can make a public comment on something that is not on tonight's agenda. So if you have something to say to the DRB or the staff that is not on tonight's agenda, this is your opportunity. No comments and no raised hands. Okay. Moving into the public hearing section, we've got three applications tonight, two certificates of appropriateness and one discretionary permit. First up is HP 21-05, Laura Willett and Aaron Kegel. Who is present for representing the applicant tonight? Both of us, Aaron and Laura. Oh, good evening. You would, for the record, state your address, please. 16 Whitney Hill Road. Great. Okay, staff, you're up first. So this is a request for an administrative permit and a certificate of appropriateness to replace the front deck and expand and replace the fence. Staff recommendation is this complies as proposed and the hack did not have any specific recommendations either. This is a 1949 Cape style home. An addition was added in 1992. The siding was replaced in 2009. What they are proposing is a white vinyl fence with a picket style, as well as a six foot tall privacy screening fence in certain locations. All portions of the fence will be minimally visible from Williston Road and Whitney Hill Road. Current front deck is rotting, so they're gonna replace it. The railings will be white. The deck and stairboards will be brown and then the stair risers and the lattice will be white. The hack recommendation is this complies as proposed with the certificate as drafted. Thank you. Okay, thank you. Laura and Aaron, do you have anything to add to staff's report that they just read? No, I think that's a pretty good summary. Okay, great. DRB members, any questions for the applicant? I have no questions. Okay, thanks, David. Dave, Saladino, any questions? Flowing away on mute here. I assume the two pictures of the two fences, those are, that's the look you're going for or the style you're going for? That's right, yeah. Those are examples of what we would put in. Yeah, I think they look sharp. Oh, Christensen, any comments? None, it's straightforward. Okay, any members of the public? Any questions? No chats and no raised hands. Okay. Okay. I think that we are good. This is pretty straightforward. Thank you for your application. I'm going to close HP 21-05 at 707. Thank you for coming. Thank you very much. We'll be in touch, Laura, when the permit is ready for pickup. Okay, great, thank you. Okay, next up is a certificate of appropriateness, HP 21-06. Who is representing the applicant tonight? I'm here, Abby Derry from Trudell Consulting and Scott Roth, the applicant is also here. Abby, could you give your address for the record and if Scott could do the same please? Yes, Trudell Consulting is at 478 Blair Park Road in Williston. Scott, are you on? I think you're muted, Scott. Sorry about that. I was muted, 7570 Williston Road in Williston. Great, thank you and welcome, staff is next. Okay, so this is a request for an administrative permit and certificate of appropriateness to demolish the existing garage at 7570 Williston Road and rebuild a new larger garage with an accessory dwelling unit. The staff recommendation is this complies as proposed and the hack only had one recommendation that white or black window trim is acceptable. The house was constructed in 1935 and a second story addition was put on in 2001. The proposed garage is slightly larger in dimensions and taller and it will comply with building height and setbacks. I'm gonna jump to the elevations and renderings that were provided by the applicant as they're more fun to look at. So the existing garage, as you can see is a single story, one car garage with a back patio and you can see the neighboring garage on the abutting property is slightly larger. So what they're proposing is something similar. It'll be taller two stories, cementitious fiberboard siding, party plank I believe, a metal roof, a gray metal roof and then the windows will match the existing house with the six over one pattern. The man door will be gray or another color TBD and the garage doors will be white with a faux wood finish. So the recommendations were that everything complies as proposed and either white or black windows. Thank you. Great, thanks Emily. Scott or Abby, do you have anything to add to staff's report? Don't. Okay, DRB members, any questions for the applicant? One question to Emily. Is this gonna be on the sewer or is this tie into a septic adding the new dwelling? Is this on a, so that this is a sewer feed system? Yes. Okay, that's on you now. The wood columns that are shown, what's the wood that you're gonna use on those? We were gonna do like an exposed wood so we can do a cedar or we can even do something in painting. It doesn't really, it's not a big deal for us, whatever you guys think's more appropriate. Yeah, I was just curious if you were going with like a dug fur with a marine treatment or... We would like to do something that's a nice exposed wood. If we, like I said, if we have to paint, we will but we'd like to put in something nice there. We spend a lot of time in the backyard so. Yeah. You'd sense it? Great, I'm certainly not gonna design but dug fur with marine finishes really, really nice looking. Yeah, thank you. But that's not really relevant here because any other questions from the DRV? You know, the only question I have and it's not really relevant either but is the railing going up the stairs to the door? Is it open railing like that that it shows or? We have a hard time with the render. I'm not professional on that but it'd be a wood railing with uprights and then it... Which bendles in it? Yeah, yeah. And then we're using a perforated metal tread just for safety because of ice and stuff like that just in case it builds up there. Okay. Yeah, David, if the railing was not as described it would not be to code and it would not be an occupancy permit. That's what they kind of figured but when I saw the rendering it just looked different. Yeah. Yeah, sorry. Any other questions from the DRV? No. Nope. Any questions from the public? Any further clarifications or comments from the applicant? Nope. Okay. Thank you. I'm gonna close HP 21-06 at 714. Thank you for coming. Great, thank you. Thank you. Okay. Next up is DP 14-05.1. This is a discretionary permit for a modification to a building envelope. Who is present representing the applicant? Bert Kennedy is here. I didn't pick up on that. Bert Kennedy is here tonight. Good evening. Good evening. Could you give your address for the record please? 476 Lincoln Road. Great. Staff, who's next? Okay. The applicants are requesting a discretionary permit review to relocate the building envelope established on lot one of a two lot subdivision previously approved under DP 14-05. The property is located at 476 Lincoln Road in the Agricultural Rural Residential Zoning District. The property is currently developed with a single family home, paved driveway and two accessory structures. The applicants own both building lots approved under DP 14-05, but only lot one is developed. No development is proposed for four lot two at this time. Staff is recommending approval of this discretionary permit amendment with conditions as listed at the end of the staff report. So this is the first time DRB is reviewing this request. Prior approvals include DP 14-05, approved May 13th, 2014 is two lot subdivision creating these two lots. And then before that in 2003, SUB 0210 was a three lot subdivision. No advisory boards were asked to review this application. Department of Public Works and Fire Department and Police Department had no comments. No comment letters were received at the time of mail-out. So this is a requested amendment to DP 14-05. Final plan amendments are made using the discretionary procedure of chapter six, but skipping pre-application. The scope of the hearing in DRB action is limited to determining whether the proposed amendment applies or fails to comply with the bylaw. One note about subject parcel. So there's two lots shown, one and lot two both resulting from the subdivision under DP 14-05. Under the bylaw, these two lots because they are owned by the same person are considered a single parcel. So the use, primary use in the parcels residential, it's allowed use. I believe there's also backyard sugaring on the property that's also allowed. Compliance with all dimensional standards is expected and the proposed relocation of the building envelope will comply with the property line setbacks. Outdoor sales and storage are not proposed. This subdivision that created the subject parcel was an open space development and was required to set aside 75% of the parent parcel as open space. The approval for DP 14-05 preceded the current requirement to flat open space as a separate lot. The open space was simply designated as all land on the parcel that was outside the building envelopes. The applicants are proposing to relocate and change the shape of the building envelope but not to enlarge it. So the amount of open spaces will remain the same. Its configuration would be altered. The configuration will result in the wastewater system being located in the open space which is allowed for WDB <IP_ADDRESS>. The reconfiguration is not going to result in any additional impacts to natural resources such as steep slopes, wetlands and significant wildlife habitat. And this is discussed further on in the staff report. The subject parcel does contain conservation areas, uncommon species, unique natural community, significant wildlife habitat area. The proposed relocation of the building envelope is not going to further encroach into the forest. It's not going to result in any additional or adverse impact to the conservation areas. In 2014, the Conservation Commission reviewed the original subdivision DP 14-05 and their comments were included in the conditions of approval for that subdivision. At that time, the conditions of approval stated that the building envelopes needed to exclude, they need to be shown on the final plans and they needed to exclude slopes in excess of 30% and avoid slopes in excess of 15% to the degree to the extent possible. And the building envelopes also needed to exclude any wetlands or wetland buffer areas. They also, the conditions also stated that there shall be no clearing outside of the building envelope, except for that required to construct the septic system in the driveway and that clearing within the building envelope shall not exceed one half acre. However, this applied to lot two only since lot one was already developed at the time of that subdivision. So the DRB could include a condition stating that all conditions of approval for DP 14-05 still apply or could make a more specific condition related to showing on the final plans that the relocated building envelope excludes steep slopes and wetlands, draft conditions included, and listed the finding of facts and conclusions of law and conditions of approval for you to consider. Thanks. Thank you, Melinda. Bert, do you have anything to add to the staff report and are you in agreement with the proposed conditions of approval? I am, I don't have anything to add and I am in agreement, yes. Okay, great. Thank you. DRB members, any questions? The only question I have is, have you done clearing on the existing building lot that is going to go away? No, so the only clearing that we had done was for the sugar house and for the ship that we added after we moved in in 2015 and both of those are in, they were in the existing building lot and they're gonna stay in the, our building envelope, excuse me, and they're gonna stay in the new building envelope as well. We haven't done any clearing outside of the building. Okay, thank you. Any other questions from the DRB? Have you checked to see whether the new building envelope meets those criteria that were laid out at the 30% slope and avoiding 15% slope? Have you done that check yet? So we have Trudel come out and survey everything but I don't believe they did a topo but everything is, looking at it by eye, it's not in the 30% mark. Everything is pretty flat. It kind of goes uphill on the driveway and then it kind of flattens out right where the house is then it's behind the shed and the sugar houses where you really get into the 30%. That's where the hill really goes on. I guess a question for staff, in terms of the requirement to building envelopes also must exclude wetlands or wetland buffer areas. Are we asking for a formal delineation or can just use the significant wetlands inventory mapping? So the prior site plan for DP1405 showed the wetlands on the site plan and when I, I did kind of a look over of those plans in relationship to where they were shifting the building envelope and to me, it appears that the shift will actually put the building envelope further away from the wetland buffer. I mean, technically wetland delineations are good for five years, but we didn't request them to do a re-delineation in this case. Yeah, okay. And just a point of clarification, I see in the letter, the request, the initial request letter that is also request to build a garage. I assume that that's not being discussed tonight, right? We're just talking about the building envelope. Okay, that's all I have. Okay, thanks. All any questions? Garage, if it's not occupied in the Agricultural Rural Zone District, we wouldn't comment on any how, as long as it's in the building permit area, because it's an unoccupied building and it's a farmland. I used to do it park a tractor in there and you could call it an agricultural barn. To know the comments. Okay, members of the public, any comments? No chats and no raised hands. Okay, Bert, any final comments? Nope. Okay, thank you. We're gonna close DP 14-05.1 as 725. Thank you for coming. Thank you. Okay, we're gonna go into deliberative session at 725. Okay, I think we're ready now. Welcome back to the Williston DRB for August 10th, 2021. We're out of deliberative session. First up is a vote on the certificate of appropriateness for HP 21-05. Paul Christensen, yay or nay. Yay. Dave Saladino, yay or nay. Yay. Dave Turner. Yay. The chair is a yay. That certificate of appropriateness is approved unanimously in favor, not opposed. Next up is the certificate of appropriateness, HP 21-06B14-05 application. Is there a motion? Yes, as authorized by WDB 6.6.3, I, Dave and Turner moved that the Williston Development Review Board, having reviewed the application submitted and all accompanying materials, including the recommendation of the town staff and the advisory board required to comment on this application by the Williston Development bylaw and having heard and truly considered the testimony presented at the public hearing of August 10th, 2021, accept the findings of factory conclusions of law for DP 14-05.1 and approve this discussion I permit subject to the conditions of approval above. This approval authorizes the applicant to file final plans, obtain approval of these plans from the staff and then seek administrative permit for the proposed development, which must proceed in strict conformance with the plans on which this approval is based. Thank you, David. Is there a second? I'll second it. Dave Saladino seconds it. Any further discussion? No. Yay or nay, Paul? Yay. Dave Saladino? Yay. Dave Turner? Yay. The chair is a yay. Motion carries unanimously, for and favored, not opposed. Okay, next up is meeting minutes of July 13, 2021. Is there a motion to approve the minutes? Don't move. Paul makes the motion to approve the minutes. Is there a second? I'll second it. Dave Turner seconds it. Is there any further discussion? Hearing none, Paul, yay or nay? Yay. Dave Turner? Yay. Dave Saladino? Yay. The chair approves as well. Minutes are approved unanimously, for and favored, not opposed. Is there any other further business, Melinda or Emily that needs to be brought forth at this time before we close the meeting? Okay. We could come up with something. I'm sorry? We could come up with something. What's going on? So before we sign off the next meeting, is that going to be a virtual in-person or is it up to each of us to decide? I meant in-person for that one. It's a bigger app, a free application. The next two meetings are pretty big free applications where there could be some public attendance. Okay, that certainly works for me. I will be there in-person. If other DRB members want to do the Zoom thing, that's fine as well. But we'll let each individual decide. With that, is there a motion to adjourn? I'll make a motion to adjourn. Thank you, Dave. Okay, you have a great rest of your week. Appreciate your volunteering for this and we'll talk soon. Take care, everyone. All right. Quickest DRB meeting.


Presidente de los Estados Unidos, Ron Olbray. Gracias por estar con nosotros. Bueno, por favor, nos vemos. Lo siento sobre las relaciones. Bueno, es ok. ¿Qué piensas si yo empiezo con un par de sentencias en español, en español y en español? Y luego vamos a ir a mi casa. ¿Qué? Voy a daros tres micrófones, ¿tres micrófones? Es porque tenemos problemas. Estamos en la Casa Blanca con el señor Presidente de los Estados Unidos, Ronald Reagan. Bienvenidos, señor Presidente. Bueno, gracias. Mr. Presidente, un mayor fokus de tu presidencia ha sido la reactivación de la economía. Y muchos, por supuesto, dirán que han sido muy fuertes en eso. Entonces la pregunta ahora es, ¿por qué ahora, con el proyecto de reforma de la taxa? Bueno, lo que hemos empezado con la economía y el crecimiento que hemos tenido, el aumento y la prosperidad aquí, creo que es solo un principio. Creo que hay más que ir. Pero la reforma de la taxa, creo que podría contribuir a la creación económica. Pero lo principal es, incluso sin eso, nuestro sistema de tarjeta presentado es injusto. Es tan complicado que muchas personas no pueden determinar cuánto se atreven al gobierno sin obtener la ayuda legítima. Y creemos, es muy largo que tenemos un sistema de tarjeta que es más tarjeta, que es más simples, que es más fácil de entender a las personas, y que, al mismo tiempo, puede reducir la tarjeta, la tarjeta de tarjeta, en la simplificación, retirar algunos de los aglomeraciones que han creado incendiosos por algunos, el uso de tarjetas de tarjeta para evitar legalmente una tarjeta de tarjeta. La pregunta es, por simplificación y por el nuevo sistema de tarjeta, ¿cuál es el máximo de dinero que el individuo contribuirá a la IRS, ¿cuál es el gobierno compensando para las tarjetas que se van a dar? Bueno, no vamos a reducir la total de tarjetas que el gobierno obtenerá. Es verdad que se reducirán las tarjetas. Es verdad que los individuos pagará menos tarjetas que los que presentan. La diferencia será creada más de la economía y más de la economía crea, más de la tarjeta de tarjeta, pero principalmente, es porque ahora mismo hay muchas personas que han tomado la advertencia de algunas tarjetas de tarjeta, como llamamos, para reducir su tarjeta personal. Y esto ha resultado una gran desgracia. Por ejemplo, tenemos personas hoy pagando un tarjeto más alto como individuos, que las grandes corporaciones que trabajan son pagadas como tarjetas totales. Entonces, si cambiamos eso, la diferencia principal será creada por las tarjetas que se van a dar por algunas tarjetas, y eso es donde la acercación viene. Todo el mundo estará pagando su tarjeta. Por lo tanto, muchas veces la familia es una preocupación principal y me gustaría preguntar cuáles es la concentración principal de este proyecto. Bueno, creemos que es llamada a la familia y creemos que la familia es la más importante unidad en nuestra toda estructura social. Como la familia va, así va la nación. Pero lo que vamos a hacer, además de reducir las tarjetas, lo que vamos a hacer es hacer la reducción personal para la tarjeta de $4,000, vamos a casi duplicar la inclinación o la reducción para la dependencia a $2,000, porque no se ha quedado con la inflación por los años, esa reducción que tenía $600,000, va a ser $2,000 en nuestro plan. Y así, en particular, las familias que se reducen a la escala de rendimiento. Podemos ver una familia anteriores de $4,000 que no tendrán que pagar una penna en los primeros $12,000 de rendimiento. También vamos a ver personas que están cerca de la línea de poverty que van a ser desplazados de las tarjetas totalmente. Y hay muchos intentos en el pasado. Hay una posición en el Congreso y me gustaría preguntar cuáles son los ángeles políticos de la reforma de la taxa, o si hay más ángeles políticos. Creo que los ángeles políticos tienen que hacer con cambios específicos que queremos hacer. Algunas de esas reducciones que estoy hablando de que hay grupos especiales que intentan preservar y que llegan aquí y ahí, es uno de los otros features. Pero creo que, en general, esto puede ser uno de esos momentos cuando vemos que no hay democratas o republicanos, solo americanos. Porque, en general, hay un sentimiento bipartisan que la reforma de la taxa es necesaria. Bueno, sobre los americanos tenemos americanos hispanos y, por supuesto, como sabes, la mayoría de los americanos hispanos en la categoría de la importancia de la importancia. Has already talked a little bit about how people with the modest income would benefit, but talking specifically about hispanic americans, most of them in the modest income category, how would modest income and middle income americans benefit from this proposal? They would benefit most of all, particularly at the lowest end, the lower end of the earnings. We have, right now, there are 14 brackets, tax brackets that people based on their earnings fall into. We are reducing that to 3. A 15% bracket, a 25% bracket and a 35% bracket. But, in reality, there is a fourth bracket, zero. The people at the very lowest end and there around the poverty line will find they no longer have any taxes at all to pay. The elderly people who are in that particular bracket from the handicapped people and then those that are just earning but around that location they won't have any tax to pay at all. Mr. President, let me go to another major concern of your presidency. I remember interviewing you in Los Angeles in 1980, and you mentioned as one of your big concerns the spread of communism in this hemisphere, in the Caribbean and Central America. One of your most notable successes in foreign policy has been Grenada. However, we still have Nicaragua and it continues animated. My question now is what can you tell us that will give us confidence that the problems presented now by the Sandinista regime in Nicaragua will be solved in the future? Well, I'm optimistic about what's going to happen there. Right now we have a totalitarian government, the Sandinista government in Nicaragua. This came out of the revolution to overthrow the dictator Samosa. But the people who are fighting as the contras against the Sandinista government now are mainly the people who were part of the revolution also against Samosa. They came together to overthrow that particular regime. In 1979 those revolutionaries including the Sandinistas went to the Organization of American States and asked that organization to appeal to Samosa to step down so the killing could stop. The Organization of American States asked them what were the goals of their revolution and the goals were given the promise was given that it was to have democracy to have free labor unions a free press, free speech all the things that we associate democracy and government by and of and for the people. And then the revolution was over. The Sandinistas were probably the most organized they had been a pro-communist organization for years back. They ousted from the revolution those who had fought with them. Some of the leaders had to flee into exiles, some of them were imprisoned some of them I'm afraid were executed. And we have this totalitarian government it is literally a satellite of Cuba the communist regime in Cuba and that means it's indirectly a satellite of the Soviet Union it has made it plain that its revolution knows no borders that it is going to be the centerpiece here in the western hemisphere for spreading that kind of communist regime throughout the hemisphere their military has been furnished in their weapons well their furnishing weapons to the guerrillas in their neighboring country El Salvador where there is a democratic government so we think that in helping as we have been trying to help the contras and we've seen them grow as the dissatisfaction in Nicaragua with the Sandinistas spread among the people the forces of the contras have grown to around 20,000 in number they're getting stronger deserters from the Nicaraguan army the Sandinista army are turning up and volunteering as contras so we think that those people were simply striving for the original promises of the revolution to be kept should have our help that does not mean however military forces from the United States all of our friends in Latin America have made it plain to us maybe with some memories of a far distant past that no they have the manpower they don't need American manpower they do need our help in supplies and weapons and training and so forth and that we're giving them and so I'm I know that the contras have progressed to the point that they have several times lay down their arms and negotiate a settlement with the Sandinistas, their former allies and the revolution and the Sandinistas have repeatedly refused but we think they deserve our help well you say that we are giving them help and yes we are however congress has wavered constantly on this issue it's tear-totter between the Bolan amendment and no way to the contras and right now there is limited humanitarian aid has congress been playing politics with the security of this hemisphere well I hesitate to say that some may I don't know I think maybe the rest were well intentioned and they're suffering from something I call the Vietnam syndrome I think too many of them still remembering our entanglement they are 10,000 miles away from our own land in that that this might lead to our military involvement and so they have been cautious about what we can do the as I've already explained we have no intention of military involvement nor do I think it is needed and I think as more of them come to see that and also as more of them have come to realize the real nature of the Sandinista government is a totalitarian communist government that that opposition is lessening Mr. President another very important issue for Hispanic Americans is that of immigration as you know there has been there have been attempts in the past at immigration reform this is the third time that Senator Simpson is pushing his own version of immigration reform through congress and congressman Rodino and Mazzoli in the house do you support this are you behind this attempt would you sign into law a Simpson Rodino Mazzoli bill if it comes to being I have to say that beginning back in 1981 I supported the principle of reform in our immigration laws because we in a way have lost control of our borders right now I have to say with regard to the Simpson bill and we have informed of this that we support generally his bill but there are some amendments that we think are necessary for one we very much need in any immigration bill we need protection for people who are in this country and who have not become citizens for example that they are protected and legitimized and given permanent residency here and we want to see some things of that kind added to the immigration bill Mr. President, this is my last question really and I want to ask you simply if you have any messages for the Hispanic community in America that's listening to you well yes I do our whole country is made up of people who came here from some place else either the individuals themselves or like myself my case was grandparents others it's their parents but we represent the cultures the diversity of the whole world and we've come together in what some people called a melting pot and created a whole new breed of human being called an American and I have to say I think America's great success in the world has been the result of this diversity and this understanding and coming together of such diverse peoples and I just have to say that our Hispanic Americans their contribution to America is not surpassed by that of any other people they have brought a great warmth they have brought great traditions of family in our wars they have brought great service and great heroism loyalty to this country and all I would like to say to them is God bless them all and vaya con Dios y vaya con Dios también señor presidente muchas gracias gracias thank you very much I told you that I wouldn't go over 15 thank you very much thank you very much well for everything I know that I you know in all those years in movies I never got to see myself speaking a foreign language where they took your picture well you'll be some other language I understand will you say that again? yes