Okay, many thanks for joining. So we have already a good number of people joining. Thank you. This is the first OpenAir provide community call. So the monthly call where we joined the content provider managers, repository managers and other data sources of OpenAir join here in this community call to provide you some useful information, some of the recent novelties and also to receive your feedback. Usually we try to highlight a specific topic, specific issue that we want to address or to present to you. Today we will focus on on OpenAir is managing and creating organizations information. This is not clearly a provide thing. So it's not a feature or functionality from the dashboard, from the provide dashboard, but we thought that it was important as we did some important developments in our graph last year and we have a service. We have also a specific support service to support to create these organizations. So we thought that it was important and because we know that the content provider managers in OpenAir are usually paying attention to the way that the information of their organization is exposed in OpenAir and presented in OpenAir. But the first part is about so just to highlight what we did last year, what the most relevant developments just for you to be aware for some of you will be a repetition for others will be a kind of novelty, but this is what we want to do today. So present the main and the recent developments and things that we will start working and then a part of the organizations that I will do together with my colleague Gina. As you know, if you want also to make some put some feedback or questions in the meeting notes, you can do it, but of course you can use the chat and be aware that all this information is available in this page to provide community calls where in fact they are already scheduled for this first semester of the year and Andrea already shared the slides that we are going to present. So as we have some links, you can use it, you can download. Okay, usually I present some recent news in the first part of the meeting as I'm going to, in fact, I like the novelties from 2021, so I don't have too much to say here. I just want to a reminder for us because sometimes we receive these questions, a reminder for us to for you to know that we have a page in OpenAir where you can see the aggregation content provision workflows and for you to be aware when was the last time that we did an index update of our infrastructure, of our graph and the visible indexplore.openair.eu. Okay, be aware of that, so we have that information so available here, okay, in this page. The link is there. It's not in a clear visible place, so this is why sometimes we need to expose it, but you can see here the dates, etc. So usually we put this in the indexplore, you can see it if you go to explore.eu, you see it on the bottom of the page and you can check for when is the last update, so if you search, you can go to the link that you already know, but it's visible also here in the bottom of the Discovery Service, so the last update just for you to check when was the last update, you can see this is the explanation of the workflow and then the index and the stats updates, so you can always check this page for you to be aware and when we have relevant changes to the content, we allied some of these changes, as the one for example that is here related with what we are going to present today that was introduced organizations curated via the service open orgs that we have in summer last year, so and we are going now to explain some things that is a result in fact from the integration of this service, so you can see this, please do not forget because sometimes we receive this kind of questions, and because of also this, I was not sure, I was discussing with my colleague Andrei if I should put this information or not, but as we received some requests already, there is a discordance between the information that we have available in the aggregation history of the dashboard and the indexed update of visible in explore, so sometimes because of that we receive some complaints or some requests, so we discussed already last week that we should improve our team, should improve the uptext here in this in this page, this aggregation history here is there is not clear, it's not completely aligned the information that we have here about when was the last index update that in fact this was the last indexed version of your repository in our graph, but then between this date and the in the index update in visible in explore, there is a this alignment, so it's not it's not exactly the same date, so we realized that this is not clear for the end users and of course it's not clear because it's not explained it, but so we as we received some requests we thought that it was important, so this is like let's say the screenshot of your content that we have in our graph, so what we have in our graph is from the first of the January 10th and then some days after we in fact put it visible in the in explore sometimes for different reasons there is some delays okay, so just to make it clear if you have any questions don't don't hesitate, but we will try to in fact improve the information here on the top of this page to to make this clear and to clear state to you what is the last date that is visible and when was the last update date of the what you see in explore, let's say okay this is what we want to do, okay about this first part about just to highlight some of the things that we did in 2021 that are relevant for you to know some of you are no others don't so the multi-user access functionality was finally made available in the dashboard something really important lots of you have requested, so it can be done via the update tab okay be aware of that and it's working well so if you have other people in your institution in your infrastructure that need to have access to the data source to manage and to access the information of the metadata enrichments of the history of the regression history etc be aware that you can have other persons to other accounts to access the information you just need to ensure that that specific person have already a login in open air okay this information is visible here in the update tab okay and you can update admins okay it's important to as you see here for example for an example of one repository so be aware of that in the same place where you can update the information you can update the interfaces and you can update the admins of this of your data source okay also from the broker from the metadata enrichments we did some changes some relevant changes in fact basically visible in the dashboard a new procedure to subscribe so we you now see only an example a sample sorry a sample of metadata enrichments until the limit of 100 if you want to subscribe for a specific metadata enrichment that we have to you with some specific filters by date or by others to see more than those 100 so you need to subscribe so as you remember so now in the enrichments you can only see a maximum of 100 you see the number of events that you have available of course you can you can filter do whatever you want here in the filter by date it's something that usually people needs and then subscribe these events okay and then you will receive via email and also here in the tab notifications the this information okay and the notifications are per user okay it's important to to say also from the broker there is a available in our api a new a new command line to access the book information of our enrichments if you can in a programmatically way consume this information it's important to say that we have changed the access to the apis okay so it's everything visible now under the graph graph dot open rdo to you and you have an area specific area for apis so here in the apis you will have this information this one about the broker it's here but also about other apis it's here available so if you be aware of this okay it was an important change that we have done recently the access to the apis not the this common line was was really in the first semester that we we have made this available and there is a call we have dedicated a call about this so where our colleague claudi wazzori have explained the way that you can consume programmatically this information and it's important also to for you to be aware that colleagues from the the company for science did an interesting work resulting from a tender a tender that we did in open air advance to enrich local data via the open air graph there is also the recordings in the presentation also from last year i don't remember from when was the the call maybe andre can can put that in the in the shot where we we have the andre abalini from for science presenting and detailing what you can do to enrich local data via the open air for those that are using this space software platform for repositories for publication repositories okay okay the other the other important developments that we did was to make available this fair assessment validator it's important to remind you about that so it's just an assessment tool okay to share to check the compatibility of your repository against the fair data maturity model indicators from from from rda so it was really a really interesting work from from from open air and thanks to our colleagues from university of bill afeld andre as is here also andre as have presented this this validator tool which i think is a benefit for all of us we will have some some news about that it's also here a colleague but i will i will talk about that in the in the next slide so be aware of that just to to present that this tool is available here in the in the validator okay sorry so in the validator area to validate you can validate your data source against our guidelines if it is a literature data or pre-system and there is this fair assessment tool that you can use to to test okay it's just it's just a for so it we don't proceed with nothing in terms of registration or but it's just an assessment of your of your repository the other two highlights and here andre as if you want to say something please feel free so it's just a remind to ourselves as we are working on the update of of our guidelines for institutional enzymatic repository managers for you to to know that there is in our guidelines page a place where that you can contribute and you can be aware of the plans for the the updates that we have in terms of version so the for a new version of of the guidelines and you can also contribute to these google documents andre as presented last year in in one of the community calls be aware of that so feel free to contribute to comment andre as do you want to say something about this or it's sufficient what i said this is just a really a remind maybe in upcoming calls we can we can say something more about that but feel free to to add so thank you thank you peter for the presentation of the new guideline version of our release candidate so we are in the face to finalize these release candidates to and publish this in the next upcoming week so if you have any contributions to this guidelines please feel free as peter said to contribute to the document or to the github issue tracker thank you very much perfect thank you okay and to finish we didn't have really in terms of features functionalities of the users count service new things in 2021 we have it in fact in our back end they are not yet visible as we want also to introduce a counter release five reports may available via our dashboard but they are not ready yet something that we are going to to work in the coming in the coming months and i think we will made available for sure it's a promise now in the first semester but for some of you that are also benefiting from this service we had this during a long period an outdated information about the data that we were collecting from those the data sources that are using ours our metrics service so but we we we have updated so the information is correctly that made available in the dashboard the also the users count information that we are collecting from the data sources is available also in explore in terms of views downloads in the in the data source and also views in the in the open air and explore service so be be aware of that so if you found any issue just just contact us so and and please let me check this disappear i wanted to let me check i lost the the provide example i was giving just be aware that if you want to benefit from this service as i know that there are some new cameras here be aware that you can let me give you an example you can in your data source go to users counts and enable the service so if you are new if you don't if you didn't enable yet the service you will see this page receive instructions about how to proceed then you enable here you click here enable and then you will receive a tracker code and some instructions based on some plugins that we have for different types of software platforms repository software software platforms so be aware that so click in the users counts tab and follow the instructions this is okay last my last slide and then we move to organizations and i hope that this is this is being useful for some of you as i know that there are several people here new be aware that we there are four or five things that we want to highlight for the for this year but you have decided to put this together with my colleague and to highlight these three topics so and Leonidas he also if you want to say something about the guidelines for evaluation we can we can also say it but the crease um crease system registrations something that we already presented last last year we have the guidelines for crease working well you can validate your crease system against those guidelines it's available in the validator tool as i i already show you but the registration process is not simple and we don't do it directly in the provide as we do for other kinds of other sources but we are working on that the workflow is quite well defined we are implementing it i hope to have i don't do promises about specific months to deliver this but i for sure uh we need to make the to make this available in the in the first quarter of of of this this year so i hope that we can have novelty soon about this and facilitate the process of um crease registration now in open air infrastructure um we will have some some novelties also about the the fair evaluation the this fair assessment that we did also to integrate in our guidelines so this is something that you you can already check also a bit in the in the page of the guidelines that i have presented before here okay i don't know if andreas or leonidas you want to say something and with this with this with this possibly with this presentation i also explain you that we have leonidas leonidas with us if you want to present yourself is is a new person from open air is an expert um a scholarly communication expert that is working for open air that will also support this work on provide and then the guidelines if you want to say something please please feel free we want also to talk about this work that we are doing about the guidelines in in in upcoming community calls so um and okay okay the sound the sound is not perfectly on it is the sound is not perfect so i will uh so you can write something or later you you join to say something because i cannot understand you well i'm sorry for that so let's let's let's move okay and uh and then we can uh we can see okay um okay so it's then this first part is done um um i i just want to also to want to highlight that we have this yosk research product catalog registration what i want to say here is that as you know uh and some of you are aware that open air provide the is we went is the gateway to for also for the yosk for the yosk so yosk is building also this research product catalog uh so in the yosk portal you can resist their services and the and the and resources so uh you can you can check um we can provide you more information about this later but be aware that we will introduce some changes in the in in open air provide dashboard to align with the work that we are doing in the yosk future project for the process of yosk resource registration okay so um be aware of this okay yosk yosk you will see a research product catalog in the yosk portal this research product catalog will uh made visible um resources that registered in the yosk portal and we and the content of open air infrastructure will be visible in this research product catalog so being part of open air uh will made your content visible in the yosk research product catalog okay this just to make it clear um and you will you will be informed about that what you need to know is that we will because of this integration between provide and the yosk portal we will do some changes in the in in the in the provide during the year so just for you to to be aware of that in the right time we will inform you okay okay this is what I was explaining about the research product let's move to the organizations so do you have any question about this um first 20 minutes of presentations recapping everything what we did last year and of course informing some people that are here for the first time and do you have any any any question feel free to ask in the chat you can also put in the in the link in the in the minutes okay if not we can also reply at the end uh sorry Pedro Alan is here hi Alan hey hi just one question uh we registered our data repository recently and I can see uh uh there on the explore page that the content is uh tagged as other research products I think it's not a data set but it's all rp yeah so research data yeah so do we have to do something on our side or is this something regarding indexing or or what you you can yeah I think it's a it's a good a good question so let me as Andrey as is here so we can also in fact register that and we can exchange um you can search for uh Roger Boscovich Roger Boscovich is not as as provider yes yes yes I know I know yeah but let me let me check Croatian yeah just because I if you can write I I know I I know how to start writing but I don't I don't know the right word of your the name of your institution J J J E R J E R okay uh E like uh E yeah yes okay and uh uh fully uh fully that okay okay I remember remember this one this one yeah so Andreas can can register yeah you can see this other research okay maybe this is related with the resource type for sure but Andreas can can check and okay and then you can let me know because it's registered through retreat data as the data repository you know so I can see that some publication repositories that that have data data sets are properly tagged so yeah okay okay that that's that's the only question here for now okay I'm sure that okay thank you Andreas is already resisting this and we can we can contact you okay thanks okay if we need to do something in our side in terms of transformation or if you need to do something in your side to properly expose the the metadata information but but I don't have an answer now for you and then for sure Andreas need to investigate but but thank you for for for presenting this this issue is always important and I think this is also interesting for others that are registering new data sources in in Aponea perfect okay let's just provide you the information that we we have in terms of organizations and I hope that this will be useful for you as we did some some changes recently so organizations in open air you can explore a bit this this this this entity in explore okay explore that open air to you you can search for the different organizations you will have and explore a bit the way that your organization in fact is presented there and if we have more than one entry for organization etc okay you can check that and then point us to some some issue that you found report some some bugs some error that we need to to improve so we are also highlighting this in order to receive your feedback we know that there are things that are 100 percent correct and we know that there are things that need to be improved it and curated because curation is an ongoing process because we are collecting information from different from different places from different directories and because of that we receive new ways to present the organizations it's not really an easy process okay there are several issues there there are disambiguation issues to manage this is why we have built and prepared this open orcs tool for us to create that information there is there are also problems with the the method at the quality of the organization's information that we need to that we receive from different sources in some places is not really it's real poor in other sources is more complete so we need to to deduplicate this this information okay and and of course in this ingesting process so we have different different ways to get the information from the organizations organizations that come from funders that come from directories to register that the sources that come from from also from outdoor affiliation so we have several things here it's not an easy way an easy entity to manage information as you all know and in open air this these problems are visible okay something that we were struggling since the beginning and so we were increasing increasing the quality of some other entities and the organizations are not so clear in the end with high quality and because of that we improved a lot of our processes and and the result is the open orcs that we have now as a tool available so but so it's important to say that now we have there are there is also resistors for organizations persistent identifiers for organizations which made our life much easier and it and for you to know we have all these ideas and persistent ideas of organizations in our graph which is really important for us to proper manage the organizations so we receive it we collect it from different sources and we try to to to merge them okay the resistors like roar and grieve and then the data sources registrations directory sorry and the funders are those that where we are collecting in fact organizations and what are we doing with what we have improved in the summer last year and then we make it visible and more visible in in explore is this provision pipeline here so we so configure the the the provision pipeline in a way that we can and introduce curation process manual curation process so we have some automatic things gathering the information but then we have so processes to manually curate the information in open orcs okay and then only after it's created in open orcs and ingested in our graph it's made available in our different services okay the discovery service explore and then the the monitor so this is I think this this this graph is really clear for you to understand what we are doing so it's not a direct process now as in the past we have now more enriched process and we have in fact this open orcs so Gina when you you wish you can join to to to improve my explanation so we have here and just to before Gina just to to say that we have introduced this provision process we made available this in the production phase when this update that we did in july last year last year yes so and because as a result of this new provision process we have improved the way that we are exposing organizations but we still have some issues and of course we still have a lot of curation to do in terms of organizations so I know that already some of you are already checking the information but open orcs so it's a tool it's not a tool to be used for old users okay but Gina will explain you who are the users of this tool and what is the what is the real benefit of using this tool yes yes thank you Pedro yes we have as you said basically two parts in the process the first part is the automated part an algorithm that detects similarity between different entities of the same of organization and those different entities have a certain kind of similarity this similarity is spotted by the algorithm and the second step is the human intervention the data curation and basically the data curation is organized the entry steps first of all the management of the applicates where the user can of course accept or reject the similarity which has been detected by the algorithm this similarity is detected looking at for example the names or the URLs or some other kind of metadata and then the user as to well have a look at the data at the open org database and establish if that is a real identity or if it is for example a false positive because the problem with the automated process is that of course we cannot have a 10 percent reliability of the process we do need to have a look to that kind of work and of course the second kind of importance of human intervention is that data curators can also enrich metadata so metadata are really important to feed the automated part and so this is a circle in that sense we design this slide with a circle because of course the metadata curation by the data curators by human intervention is really important to have all the processes in line also with the automated part I think that we can have a look at what is the result of the data curation but of course curation of metadata implies a different kind of information so I think I will share my screen yes please please do okay so be aware that so Gina to just to explain before you demonstrate this that what we have in open air to use the open orgs is that we have a national curator someone member of open air that can manage and create the information at the national level the national level and also if you request any any specific if you detect any specific error bug you can report it via the help desk there is in fact in the help desk of open air there is a specific category for open orgs or for managed organizations and you can create a ticket there directly and Gina will manage that yes yes thank you Pedro this is important to underline of course you can just write if you meet some errors if you encounter some errors and what are we going to see together now is first of all what is the result on the explore portal of the data curation and of all the system of open orgs and then what is the data curation main tasks let's say main functionalities so this is my institution the national research council of Italy and this is the page of my institution on the explore portal and the result of the curation is that we have all the activities put together in this page so we have all the funding streams that in which CNR is involved in the publication all content providers of course data sources and other output of the research activity so this is interesting to have a look at in the sense that this is a curated organization and I want also to show you how the organization appears inside open org this is the interface of open org database and this is my institution the page of my institution national research council first of all we can see that it has an open org idea so it means that this organization has been ingested inside the open org system and it has been given an open org stable idea but the important thing here to be a light is that we do not delete other identifiers so identifiers coming from other data sources data providers registries and so on are still being kept here in this section in the identifier section of the database this is important because in this sense we say that open org is creating bridges between organ different data providers on the initiatives and the scholarly communication system and also in the metadata enrichment other ideas can be can be added here that you can select the type and then had other identifiers for the same organization if it is not already shown well those are the metadata of the organization of course here we have our metadata already curated but another important part is this relation part in open org it is possible to curate relationships between organization and this is also another important aspect why we need human contribution data curation because of course it's much more easy especially having a particular knowledge of a certain country to establish those relations in this case we have CNR is a huge institution and we have this parent relation with a lot of other institutes which are child of this of this of the main institution the relationships that can be established is of parent child type at the moment this relation is ingested in the data but it is not shown on the explore portal but it will be in the future I think in near future but I cannot say I cannot give out a precise timeline for this at the moment but it will be shown also this type of information well the other important part is the duplicates part as we have seen the curation of duplicates so the user have to accept or reject the dissimilarity spotted by the algorithm as I have said so in this case here we have the list of all the other entities of the same organization which the data curator here has accepted as being the same organization as the main one we have chosen to fill in the main name with the English version of the name it's not the choice of this of my institution but usually in Okanorg we recommend to use this rule so to give the main name in English and the national name to put the national name in the national language analysis for the sake of organization and also simplicity I should say and in this case all these entities have been accepted right here just checking in the green check clicking on the green check dot those entities are the same as the main one and this type of curation is available here under the curation menu here we can see organizations with new duplicates and here for example we can have a look of at one organization and we can say this is the University of Polonia it's the main name the first part of the name it's in Latin because it's intended as the proper name but of course University of Polonia means that the main name is in English so it's okay then we have other here in this in the bottom part of the page we have other entities and in some cases we can say and in fact the curator have already highlighted the green check that they are the same organization for other in other cases we can see that there are some false positives like it is for example for this in this case because we have a similar name or at least we have the same part of the name is the same but it is not the University of Polonia this is it's not a research performing organization and so in this case the user have to reject the identity and this can be done by clicking on the red cross so and also in this case it's a company because we have this SRL that means that it is a company and so I simply save changes and I have the result and so the result of this operation is not immediately visible on the explore portal it takes a while it takes some time just to in order for all the databases to be in line and to be shown on the in the indexed on the website but at the end the result of this kind of operation that we perform on OpenORG is visible on the explore portal so I have explained that the human duration is important in order to have metadata enrichment and also because we need a certain kind of knowledge of the national situation maybe I cannot that we have two different kinds of users in OpenORG the one is the simple user which can basically enrich metadata and do the duplicate curation so resolve duplicates here in this section here and then we have also national admins which have also the possibility to insert organization inside OpenORG so giving OpenORG ID a stable identifier to organization and well also new organization can be created the simple user can create also new organization but then the new org has to be approved by the national admin basically in metadata curation we suggest to use the utf8 encoding and well to write the main name in English I have said and to put the name in the national language here in aliases but it is important also to have the acronym if it exists and really really important is to curate the URLs as usually URLs as are really really useful to understand if the two entities being proposed by the algorithm are really relating to the same organization or not okay I think that I have we have seen most of the main functionalities there are some others but I think they are related to more advanced users yes I think with what is important here for you is that okay you see you know what is the the process to to automatically ingest organizations information in the open air infrastructure you know that we have a way to curate this information which means that if you found if you are finding any any issue exploring the names of your organization in explore service so be aware that you can you can create a ticket so do you want to share something more or can I stop your yes I do not have a relevant thing to add thank you okay so if you if you just to finish this explanation if you want to add something just come here to support ask a question and there is a specific category to to send the send requests about organizations okay so and then Gina will manage that with the national support for that so be aware of it we know that there are some really clean organizations and there are others that need to to some some curation and this is important for you yes and in fact in some tickets that have been already opened it the person writing explain to us what the situation what the real situation with the Dior is and this was really helpful for us just to detect what the problem is and to intervene in a precise way okay so this was our idea to explain you that sometimes as we are receiving also several questions this is becoming visible more and more visible in the in the open air infrastructure in the explore service so you can also ask questions so you can send requests this is what I want to say if you have any question so feel free to I know that you are we are at the end already of the time but if you have any question so feel free to to ask now now it's the time to to ask these questions and they already share all the all the links I also have a reply here to our colleague Bianchi Ale Bianchi I don't know that the exact name about open Alex but so feel free to ask a question I just want to present yes antennas do you have any question hello hello I present Lithuania consortium hello I took part every year in your meeting but my questions about change desire complete elite level I means it means about open I therefore in systematic yes because I I manage now six institutional repository this repository based on national our lab repository that based on Fedora and every no participating in our consortium more than 14 institution but but now only eight institution registered in open door and and also eight okay eight but I responsive I am responsibility for five and my I am head of my team I have the programmers and we manage at all library consortium but my programmer made program and changed the metadata format from DC to open I this was to expose to expose in a yeah yeah yeah complying with our guidelines yes nine nine nine months ago and I have registered two case one related to you one related to Andreas and we discussed by the at this cases but now I see that two repositories of this type I can see that in in in in the portal of open area show the used metadata format number four but other only three well you can see Lithuania yeah and you Lithuania yeah and you can see that only two only two repositories have accountability level four okay why not okay do we have do we also we can we can check that for you for sure so can you can you put in the maybe in the notes here Andre can can put the the right link can you put in the note the names of the repositories that are missing and that you think that they should be version four of the guidelines and they are not presented as that could you point us to the right names of the because you said that it was expected five but we only have two yeah yeah now yesterday yesterday we changed by using dashboard update interface we changed yesterday one repository colonel's university of technology and my questions when we changed yesterday when will be actual this changing when we will present in open area portal the this only only in the only in the in the next update okay I only in the next it means after one month or yes yes after one month yes but because I registered one repository in the end of this on 2021 in January and that until now no it's not visible it was not indexed yes it is maybe only on on February yeah it is for me clear and one I in this moment today uh validate uh fire uh assessment and now it is working okay okay okay fine but it doesn't work but but but didn't work it is uh month ago this uh the validator tool yes yeah but but now but now it's working okay if you have any if you have any issue with any specific um uh repository that should be labeled as uh that you expect that should be labeled as open air version four please put it in the in the document okay for us to to have a clear idea what what it is so but many things for your for your um comment and question which is also interesting for us to share to share what is the the process also of because this is a common question as antennas is also highlighting here because usually there are these stopped about when uh is the right moment to see the information visible so there is always this um slight um delay in terms of the moment that we registered in the moment is becoming visible and sometimes is more of course than more than one month it depends off of of the process I don't know if Andrey as if you want to add something but um we will we will keep this information okay and we will provide you the needed support and explanation just just write it here in the in the in the minutes okay that this will be helpful for us for sure we can see it also the updates that you made for the interface in our provide but if you put the the information here we can manage it directly with you to you and support you okay thank you thank you very much perfect okay to finish be aware that all the meetings for this first semester are already scheduled put please put in your calendar the 2nd of march will be our upcoming meeting subscribe the newsletter if you don't receive it subscribe the newsletter we usually send it two days before our meeting with the novelties and the information two or three articles or four articles and we have here also the question of Ale Bianchi about open alex some of you may not be aware of open alex open alex is a new service we can we can check that this is an interesting and important question that you made we can check about the open alex integration but in fact all all the resources all the data sources of open alex we have it in open air okay microsoft academic graph that is the the the main source that in fact was because of the sustainability of that open alex appear so we have it we have so hard or key the all the others main data sources of open alex but we we can check we can in fact check about gaps if we have if we have gaps if we compare open open air graph in open alex content i suppose my first impression that we may not have gaps but but we can check i don't know if my other colleagues from open air andres or want to add something about that as this is something really new open alex was presented on i think deliver on the third of january in beta but but this is my feeling my what i can say now and i in fact i i didn't discuss it recently with our our cto palomangi about this but may we may we may want to discuss and check some gaps okay thank you for that that that question okay from my side is all so please access the the website of the community calls to access the content that we have shared here i ask antennas please don't forget to have the name the name of the repositories to the notes in order i will thank you directly and andrea by email okay okay perfect perfect perfect okay many thanks for your presence here i hope that it was useful um and please feel free to contact us be aware that uh you know gina now if you have any issue about the organizations be aware that you can contact her um we will try to do our best to correct and to fix any any error in the way that we present the organization the name of your organization and feel free to contact us see you in the upcoming call on the 2nd of march gina many thanks for your contribution okay you're welcome okay bye bye all


Hey there friends. Thanks for checking in. I knew it was just a matter of time before gun control was front and center They said they had to get through the COVID relief first And then the new Congress and White House are going after guns and implementing gun control They say they want to start with universal background checks. And that's what they did today house bill HR 8 is a Expanded background check bill that passed today the house It's gonna make its way to the Senate and by a vote of 227 to 203 it passed Eight Republicans voted for this including Fred up there in Michigan very disappointed.  You know you get involved with all this other stuff? How can I not? Let's think about this. You have expanded Background checks that means every time a firearm is purchased from a friend from from another individual Holy legal process you would have to go to an FFL paying additional fee go through a more burdensome process and Worse yet, you have to fill out the paperwork And people say well, what's the big deal about that? You know, we have to do that when we buy a gun online from out of state We have to we have to do this well every time you fill out a 4473 that document stays with that FFL indefinitely that FFL has to hold on to those documents that means the government can Easily access that information and figure out every single firearm that you possess Now you may be okay with that. There are some people watching this and say I don't have a problem with that, but I do Say goodbye to privacy You know, we don't need the government knowing every single thing we have whether it's a gun or anything else Okay, this is the same government that ran the post office bankrupt. Okay. I Enjoyed the mail coming and going and everything, but let's face it. It's bankrupt This is the same government that cannot control immigration This is the same government that doesn't even know what they're talking about with guns and best yet This will not affect criminals at all So here we have Expanded background checks that sounds okay, you know in the forefront. Hey, you know background check Everybody should get a background check But in what other areas are you so burdened when you want to purchase a product a law abiding citizen to purchase a product? I think it's I think it's terrible and then people say, you know, you're always ripping on Democrats Come on. Why are you always ripping on Democrats? Well, two hundred and two Republicans voted against it There were eight the voted for it, but it was overwhelmingly supported by Democrats So all the people that said, you know what I'm out of my mind. I shouldn't be talking about this Thanks a lot because now it's going to the Senate and anything could happen there now once things like this happen They're pretty much there for life, you know to go back and say we're gonna you know These would be the good old days to go back and say well, you know, maybe we should get rid of this No, they don't do that. They keep it forever. And so here we have a whole new process of Purchasing and selling firearms that is Very expensive, but perhaps FFLs would like it like they would be getting a lot of business every time you get law abiding people Following the law if it passes the Senate by no, he said he had signed it by it's out there tweeting.  Yep. I was against that too And yep, I call out Republicans to when they do something that is anti gun But this is overwhelmingly supported by Democrats and it is very burdensome very expensive It's a whole new process and it will lead to registration Which is the ultimate goal when the government has access to every single firearm you own That is registration my friends the very thing that we have been against for years and the main reason why we are against Expanding background checks to this degree. There is also HR 1446 and This has to do with when somebody is delayed So let's say you go to that FFL because you your buddy is buying your gun and that person is delayed The government has three days to give a reason why That's delayed or if they don't do anything then that purchase can Take place They want to make it up to 30 days. Okay, so 30 days now you have to prove you're innocent Before you can even be approved. You have to prove your innocence You may have never done anything wrong and furthermore When the Nick system gets so overwhelmed they were delaying people left and right not because there was a problem with that person Not because there was a background of Criminal activity not because any of that stuff simply because The system was overwhelmed if the system gets overwhelmed or for who knows maybe Three four ten people call off sick that day and they cannot handle the next checks They could begin delays. You may not be able to get your firearm for 30 days if that passes So all the people who said, you know, this is not a Republican or Democrat thing This is these are all sponsored by Democrats Liberal Democrats that now have the power and they're gonna do exactly what they said they would do it starts with Background checks that leads to registration and then pretty soon once once these get passed if it makes it through the Senate I will tell you I do not trust the Senate one bit But if it makes it through the Senate, you better believe they're going after higher taxes on firearms and ammunition And they're going after our guns there They will already know who has them who has what this is a slippery slope in which we should have never been here But here we are and now we're back to fighting for our rights What is life is like right now as a gun owner will be considered the good old days and the whole process has gotten a Whole mess with these liberals in control. I appreciate you watching and you guys be safe


So this is lecture 37 and what we have been seeing is going through the entire system for say BPSK, entire transmitter and the entire receiver block by block trying to make some plots of the actual signal. So how the signal looks like, what information can we get out of the signal and what we hope to see. So that is the kind of thing we are trying to do. So let me see, I think we were at a point where so BPSK was kind of done, we finished BPSK more or less with rectangular pulse, that is what we did, BPSK with rectangular pulse is what we did. An interesting thing to try is QPSK, so I want you to at least the transmitter part the receiver part may be we will not do in great detail. So transmitter part, say you have a rectangular pulse once again for the transmitter filter and your signal SK is going to come from plus minus 1 or plus minus j, so this is signal is 1 from 0 to t, that is your transmitter filter and then you do multiplication by Well, I am going to write it as e part j 2 pi fct and then a real part, that is the right thing to do here. So I am going to call this X of t, so I want you to take a simple sequence for SK say for instance 1 j minus 1 minus j, just a sequence and then plot what X of t will look like. And assume fc times t is 4 for instance, just to say 4 cycles of the carrier will come into 1 symbol period, so you assume fc times t is say 3 or 4 whatever is come comfortable. Then make a plot of X of t for this input sequence, it is a little bit more challenging than the BPSK case, so let us see how it works out. So it is always good to start out with an expression for X of t and try to plot it, but the expression can be a little bit devious for instance, let us do it symbol by symbol. So the reason is there is g of t minus kt and then this 1 t minus kt which will show up in everything and if I write it summation it might be a little bit misleading, but anyway so I will try it, let us see how it goes. If you look at say 1 times e power j 2 pi fct and then you take its real part what is going to happen, you will get cosine 2 pi fct, there is no problem. If you take j times e power j 2 pi fct what do you get, minus sign. So see all these things do not write it as minus sign, you will only get confusing if you write it as minus sign, right stick to cosine, then you will know what phase shift to introduce at the place where the phase changes and that might be easier to plot, so if you like minus sign that is also fine, but you remember you are doing a time shift and a phase shift is with the same cosine or sign, a phase shift is easier to plot sometimes, okay. So if you were to write it in cosine what would it be, so cosine 2 pi fct plus pi by 2, okay. So it is the same as that sinusoid except that there is a phase shift ahead by pi by 2, the same thing will happen if you do minus 1, minus 1 would be cos 2 pi fct plus pi and then minus j would be plus 3 pi by 2, okay. So that is the way to visualize the modulation, so once you visualize it that way plotting it is presumably a little bit easier, so you do that, okay, so you begin with the cosine so maybe you do 1, 2, 3, so you do 3 cycles of a cosine, okay and then what should you do, you are doing a j which means, so you have to start from 0, do you see that, so there will be a sharp fall here, start from 0 and go on which direction, go downwards, okay, so there is a advancement of, so it is 1 cycle, 2 cycles and then 3 cycles, so that is where it ends and then what do you do, 1 more, phase shift by pi, pi by 2, okay, so you will have 1 cycle, 2 cycles, 3 cycles, okay, so my plot is going so hopelessly off scale that I should do something about it, okay, so 1 is the second one and this is the third one, okay and then the last one is once again, another pi by 2 phase shift, but this time it will go up, okay 1, 2, 3 and it stops, okay, so that is how X of t is supposed to look, okay, so it is clearly a passband signal, right, passband signals, how do they look, they typically have an envelope and then there is a sinusoid going up and down inside them, right, so this is clearly a passband signal and if your fct is larger as would be the case, most cases you will have a lot of wiggles going back and forth in the sine wave, okay, so that is your X of t, okay, so this is going to go through the channel, right, noise will get added and then what do you do for the receiving, okay, so you do band pass filter followed by phase splitter then multiply by e power minus j and then proceed so on and so forth, okay, so sometimes you may not want to implement the phase splitter also, see there is another way of doing it, right, so you do band pass filter then you maybe go ahead and multiply by e power minus j and then what would you do, you do a low pass filter to get rid of something else that might have come in, so in the analog implementation it is not clear what else will come in, sometimes people do the whole thing in digital, at that time something else can come in because of the aliasing, so you might want to do a low pass filter followed by that, okay, so that is also another implementation, okay, so if you do, if you do not like implementing phase splitters, that is a good implementation as well, okay, so this is QPSK, any questions on this, how I got this, okay, is that clear, okay, since it was QPSK it worked out reasonably okay, okay, so if I were to try 16 QAM what will happen, what do you think will happen, how do you think this thing will look, yeah, so there will be a change in amplitude also, do you see why there will be a change in amplitude, it has to be there, right, so 16 QAM has different amplitude things, so the envelope will not be flat, but it is a bit of a nightmare to draw because you have both the sine and cosine, so how will you tackle that, how do you draw when this both sine and cosine, I am sorry, yeah, so you have to convert it into one sinusoid but you will get some phase and you can also figure out what that phase will be, it is not that difficult, right, so depending on where that point is just look at that angle and you will know it, some angles are easy even in 16 QAM, some angles will have a strange tan of 3 or 1 by 3 or whatever, I mean just let it be the way and then you know but you know what the angle is, so you will know what phase to shift by, okay, so the whole thing whatever way you draw it ultimately will look like this, even 16 QAM will ultimately look like this, well there will be a change in amplitude but there will be also be a phase shift, there can also be a phase shift, okay, depending on what the transition is, okay, so this is how the passband signal will look in QAM, okay, to have an envelope there will be a lot of variations inside it, there will be both a phase shift and an amplitude shift in the general case, okay, for the receiving you do band pass filter followed by the down conversion low pass filtering and then you process your match filter, okay, so that is what you do, alright, so this is for the rectangular pulse case, so once you move to a square root raise cosine pulse there are a lot more choices to be made and you have to be careful about it, okay, there will be lots more delay in the system, so far we have never worried about delay, right, this is rectangular pulse, you can happily do whatever you wanted, once you do square root raise cosine there will be delay, why am I saying there will be delay? Yeah, it is a two sided pulse, right, square root raise cosine is two sided, right, finite bandwidth and it goes for a long time, so you will have to delay the whole thing to get a practical implementation, okay, so what I am going to do now is BPSK with square root raise cosine, we will do it roughly first and then I also have some MATLAB code to show you in a very smooth way how the whole thing looks, okay, so but for now I think it is good to first do it by hand so that you get a feel for who these things work out and then you can go through and do the, okay, so we are going to do BPSK with square root raise cosine pulse, okay, square root raise cosine is your transmit filter, okay, so the first choice to make is about G of T itself, okay, this is your transmit filter response, okay, what are the various things to choose for a square root raise cosine, sorry, the roll-off factor, right, so I don't know if I call it alpha or beta or whatever, so something, the roll-off factor you have to choose, so basically you have to figure out how much bandwidth it will actually occupy, so it will be some 1 plus beta times divided by 2T, okay, so this beta you have to decide, this will be your bandwidth and based on the beta and the bandwidth you will get a symbol rate, okay, so all these three have played a role in deciding your transmit pulse, okay, so usually you bandwidth is fixed and you want a certain symbol rate or a certain spectral efficiency which means certain number of bits per symbol, so you go back and work it carefully, so we have done a few problems on this, right, so you know how to pick this beta as a 1 by T, so you will get a 1 by T, okay, so that's the theoretical expression, so now we will get a huge big expression with, you know what that expression looks like, so sine and the cosine and all these things, it's 1 by minus 4 beta T by T whole squared, all these things show up in that expression, okay, so in practice you have to truncate, so truncate as in you have to, you can't implement an infinite response, okay, so that's one thing and the other thing to keep in mind is nobody will implement this filter and analog, okay, well I'm saying nobody, there might be somebody who does but most people would implement such filters in digital, what do we mean by implementing this filter in digital, so the way you do it is there will be something called an arbitrary waveform generator, so basically you sample this raise cosine, how will it look, so it'll look something like this, okay, so I'm drawing square root raise cosine will have a slightly larger tail as opposed to the, okay, so it'll be symmetric, it'll look something like this, okay, so what will be this, so this will be, if you take this as your origin, what will be this length, 1 by T, right, so every 1 by T it will go off to 0, okay, so all these gates will be 1 by T, 1 by T, so on, okay, so every 1 by T it goes to 0, right, so that's where you get the ISI property with an ideal channel, okay, so every 1 by T it goes to 0, so pretty much the choice you have to make is how long will the G of T be in terms of your symbol period, okay, so that's the choice, it's the first choice you have to make, okay, so a typical thing might be you might want to have say some 10 lobes on the right and 10 lobes on the left, which means you'll have 20 times the symbol period or maybe you have 5 lobes on the right, 5 lobes on the left, whatever choice, I mean depending on what your system can afford you make that choice, okay, so maybe you put say 5 times T here and then 5 times T on this side, okay, so that's the first choice you make, after you choose a beta and a 1 by T you decide how long, how much you, at what point do you want to truncate your trace cosine, the next decision is in a digital implementation, you have to figure out how much you want to sample this, okay, so so maybe, I mean depending on what follows next, what, depending on your digital tonal or converter, finally, you might want to make that choice some way, but maybe you want to choose some 10 or 20 or sometimes it might even be 5 or 6, depending on how much you can afford, for instance people who are doing the lab usually produce this in digital and then you give it to a sound card, so sound card has a certain sampling frequency, so you can only sample this at a certain frequency, so if you pick a certain 1 by T, maybe you sample this at 22k for instance, okay, and if your 1 by T was, I don't know, 100 Hertz, then you got a over sampling of what, whatever fraction, if it was 1k then you got a over fraction of, over sampling of 10 times, okay, so ultimately this thing is also sampled, you have samples of this stored in some memory, okay, and when a symbol comes in, if the symbol is plus 1, you simply read out those samples and give it to a D2A, which is going to do simple interpolating digital tonal or conversion and you get your GFT out, okay, so this is a very common way of implementing these filters, it's very popular also, many people use such things, okay, in fact I believe there's even a patent out on this, arbitrary reform generators, okay, so but it's very nice, nice and simple implementation and it works out very well, okay, so that's how, that's how you typically implement this, so those are the choices you have to make for GFT, okay, so suppose we did 5 lobes on the left, 5 lobes on the right, that's what we did for GFT, okay, so once you do that your thing is quite clear, right, so you have an S of k, goes through a GFT, okay, and you produce say X1 of T, then you multiply this by, okay, so I'm doing BPSK, so I'll write simply as cos 2 pi of Ct, okay, and you get X2t, right, so if I'm doing any other modulation I'll have to write E part J and then take the real part, doing BPSK, so I might as well multiply by cosine, okay, so I want you to make careful plots of X1 of T, so maybe you just choose this as 3t, okay, so for simplicity, for the plot sake, instead of choosing 5t, maybe you just choose 3t, so that your plot will look much cleaner, okay, and you can choose a large enough scaling so that you can clearly show, okay, so this is a good exercise, if you've not done it before and if you've never seen these things in action, okay, you'll see how it looks like, try to plot it for S of k equals plus 1, minus 1, minus 1, plus 1, okay, plot X1 of T first and then we'll plot X2 of T, just put 3 lobes, so if you pick 3 lobes how will it look? It's just what? 1 by 2, 2 by 2, it'll look like this, it'll just go up after this, okay, so the G of T will look something like this, okay, so the way we defined that, what will be this value for the square root raise cosine, any of you remember? So the raise cosine it'll be 1, okay, for the square root raise cosine it won't quite be 1, it'll be something slightly larger than 1, okay, so anyway, so that's how the plot will look, okay, so this is 0, well I'm drawing it very badly, 1 by T, 1 by T, 1 by T, okay, same thing happens on this side, make a plot of X1 of T and X2 of T, so this case, assume fc T equals 3, see it's a bit devious, right, it's not as straightforward as the rectangular pulse which nicely died out after 0 to T, there's something floating around and you'll carefully plot it, let me do this, so someone with very questionable drawing skills like me is gonna have a tough time, so maybe some of you can do this very well, 1, 2, 3, okay, so the first thing is gonna look something like this, I'll assume the lobes are really, really high so that, I'm sorry, is it fine? 1 by T, 2 by T, okay, it's gonna come back here again, it'll be very symmetric, what about the next one?  It's minus 1 again, so it'll go right, it'll be a simple time-shifted version of the previous pulse and then the last one is plus 1, it's gonna be like this, like this and then it'll go on top, did I get that right? No, it should go a little bit more to the right, anyone here who got a, how many engineering drawing courses do you guys have in this? Only one, anyone who got a S? How many of you got a S? Okay, so you guys will be able to draw this much better, I've never got any grade better than B in my engineering drawings, so there you go, that's, there it is, so now what do you do? You have to add up all these things, okay, so the easiest ones to add are the first and the last, okay, and then maybe this one will go a little bit more down, this will maybe roughly cancel or bring this down a little bit, okay, so no, no, no, it has to go all the way up because it'll go to zero then, okay, so I have to be careful, so you might as well draw this as it is, but it'll bring it down a little bit but not too much and then it'll come down very sharply to join this very soon and then in fact it will go, okay, so my drawing has gone totally for a toss, okay, so let me redo this part a little bit, okay, so it has to go through this point and then come back and then go through this point again, then it is going to go through that point, okay, then it has to go through zero here, right, so it has to come back almost touching the same thing and then maybe go here and then join, so that's how your thing will look, so maybe I'll draw the final curve in red just to illustrate how it looks, there you go, okay, not a bad picture I guess, there was one point where it became a little bit bend it back to the left too much I guess, overall turned out okay, right, kind of conveys the picture, alright, so this is how you transmit pulse, the baseband transmit pulse, this is what is called the baseband transmit pulse, right, before you convert this was your transmit pulse, remember again we I drew it as a continuous curve in most implementations this is going to be discretized, this is going to be over sampled and given to a analog digital to analog converter to get the analog versions, so maybe even you do the multiplication in digital, multiplication by e power j 2 pi f ct may also be done in digital, right, so so many things are possible, okay, so all these things that do be as whether they are digital or analog that's how the plot would look, okay, any questions as to how I got this, this is clear, right, okay, so now the next step is to multiply this with cosine 2 pi f ct when you have a plus 1 and minus 1, so now you can forget about plus 1 and minus 1, okay, you've got the entire baseband transmit pulse, so no need to take care of plus 1 and minus 1, the only thing you have to do is multiply this by cosine 2 pi f ct, okay, so there you have to pay attention, okay, so the easiest way of doing this is to finish up what's called the envelope symmetrically, okay, so do a minus of this, okay, so once you do that, why am I doing a minus of this, then even you do a cosine, it will only be contained inside that and you'll get the nice envelope, okay, so that's the way to do it, I'll try to do that here, so I'll draw, okay, so maybe I should draw the negative also and red so that makes the whole thing easier to do the negative also, okay, and then maybe I'll draw the envelope in green, okay, so remember I have to allow for three cycles inside each time period, okay, so that's the only thing, I'll simply take a sign, okay, so I'll start with the zero phase here, 1, 2, 3, okay, so that's how the waveform will look and then I do 1, 2, 3, okay, that's how the second one will look, the third one would be 1, 2, 3, okay, and then the fourth one would again be, okay, there might be some phase changes, I'm not taking care of it, I'm just happily drawing a sign inside each of them, 1, 2, 3, okay, and a 1, oh well actually it should be more than 3, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, I'm sorry, here you should get a total of 9, okay, I'm sorry, I'm sorry for this, okay, so actually, right, so roughly about then it should be more cycles because this whole envelope is closing in more than 1 by T, okay, so there'll be more than this, I'm sorry, so you see, so take care of that number, okay, so it'll be, it's tough to count it exactly, so, but you'll get a rough estimate, okay, so you kind of know that, so in general I think if you just draw something like this, you'll be okay, okay, for instance in an exam, this should be considered an okay passband signal, okay, so and you see the envelope clearly is the baseband signal that you want, all right, okay, so now the next question is the receiver, okay, so now when you move to the receiver, okay, you do a band pass filter, okay, you get R of T, you do a band pass filter, okay, in practical implementations it's important that you do a band pass filter first and then multiply because sometimes there'll be all kinds of noise, if you do anything else, it's good to first do a band pass filter and there might be, because there might be other transmitters using radio spectrum right next to you, so you don't want to let in all that in anything you do into baseband, so you just do a band pass filter first, get what signal you have, so that's why I'm doing a band pass filter and then a phase splitter may or may not be necessary, so you might be able to just get away with, so usually maybe you just get away with doing a sampling here, you sample here and then you do multiplication by e power minus j 2 pi fct, okay, so well it cannot really be fc, it's only be some f1t, okay, so maybe it's nominally equal but there'll be an f1t plus, plus theta also right, so there'll be some phase also which you can't get, so maybe I'll just keep that there, okay, so something like that you do and then you do a low pass filter and digital, okay, so the reason why you need a low pass filter and digital is when you do this multiplication in digital, when you have over sampled it, there's going to be an alias thing from the other side that might come in, okay, so and you want to get rid of that by doing a band pass filtering, okay, so something else can come, okay, so anyway in general it's good to low pass filter this after you bring it down to the, this, what do I say, to the base band, okay, so you do a low pass filter, you get only your base band signal, okay, so this is, so what do I want to do, so I want to write down what this will look like, maybe I'll call this, yeah, so after you multiply by e power minus j you'll have actually complex, right, so you'll have to keep track of both i and q, okay, so maybe you do a low pass filter, you keep track of both i and q and then you decode i and q with a match filter, so right now you have to do a match filtering, okay, so what is match filtering? g star of minus t, okay, so you have to convolve with, yeah, g star of minus t, so once again it'll be a sampled version that you had before for g of t and then g star of minus t is going to be a total causal thing but when you shift it back you'll pretty much get the same thing, so in fact here you'll have this exact g of t that you had before, okay, right, so that's the g of t, okay and then you do a sampling at kt plus tau, okay, so can you get a rough estimate for this tau, the delay, okay, so g of t originally has been, you've included 3t on the left and 3t on the right, okay, so what's a rough estimate for tau, okay, so you pick order for your filters, okay, so you do, forget about the bandpass filter, okay, so we'll forget about the bandpass filter, so maybe this is a order 30 filter, okay, some order, right, it's in digital, so what's a rough estimate for tau, I'm sorry, okay, so let me just, right, so 60, so tau should be greater than 60, right, so it'll be 60 plus something to adjust for the low pass filters delay, okay, so there'll be a delay from the low pass filter, okay, so maybe some 15 samples, right, so you don't know what the sampling rate is, so I can't really tell you exactly what it'll be, but there'll be a 15 sample delay here and then there is a 60 delay because of the filtering, do you see that, because of the transmit filter and the match filter, right, the transmit filter was delayed by 3t, then this guy, which is match filters once again delayed by some huge amount but still it'll effectively cause a delay of 3t to your, to whatever is happening, so roughly some 60 and then the order of the filter also will pay a role, so it'll be around that time, so this delay has to be taken care of, okay, so once you do the sampling you'll get back your, get back whatever it is you're doing, okay, so like I said all these things are done in digital usually, so you do a convolution here with the sampled version and you get the okay, so well this is also complex, okay, so once again all these problems exist, so when if your f1 is not equal to fc and if your theta is not zero then you'll get rotated versions of your constellation, okay, so in fact you keep on rotating if f1 is not zero, okay, so all these things are illustrated with some MATLAB programs that I have, so I think we're running out of time, maybe we have like 6 or 7 minutes, so I don't know if I can really fire up my MATLAB programs to work in 5 or 6 minutes, so we'll stop here for today, so we'll declare an early closing for the class, but I'll come back next class and show you some MATLAB programs where all these things are easier to see, okay, so once I start showing MATLAB programs it'll be easier to see but the learning will be lesser, okay, the only way you'll really learn is if you write those MATLAB programs yourself and then or MATLAB or CE or SILAB or whatever you prefer, okay, so you write those programs yourself and see it, it's very easy to write, there's nothing in these things, okay, so you just write a sequence of lines, it'll be in fact a 10 or 15 line program which you quickly do all these things, okay, so we'll do that.