Because I'm about to do that same thing, I rename the talk, what not to do. But no, we're actually going to talk about Pub-Pub and why we don't implement the annotation standard and why we'd like to and invite you to tell us why we're wrong and help convince us as a model argument for other larger players who I think are more important than us. So with that in mind, just a brief introduction to Pub-Pub. We are an open source end-to-end scholarly publishing platform. We work mostly with academic content. We're turnkey and collaborative in real time and automated and end-to-end and all of these things. Basically, you do everything from submission to editing and collaborative editing and drafting in real time, multimedia, version control, all the way through to actually publishing and designing your site and depositing. Of course, we support annotations. It's a huge part of the platform. And in fact, there's hundreds of users now, 400 plus communities who use Pub-Pub. And they use annotations in really, really innovative and interesting ways, like this open review of a book that happened late last year and earlier this year, got thousands of comments actually on the source material from the community that improved the book that's going to be coming out later this year. So that's really cool. And also, we're part of this larger infrastructure at MIT called the Knowledge Futures Group, which is devoted to building open, transparent, and importantly, community and institution-owned knowledge infrastructure, basically. And so that makes it really, really awkward that we don't actually adopt the web annotation standard. Like I said, we want to. We think we're a great candidate. And we've had multiple opportunities to adopt it. We've actually rebuilt the discussion platform like three different times internally. We're rebuilding it a fourth time. And each time, we've decided not to adopt the standard. And so this is telling you why is, again, like a friendly people who actually really want to adopt it, but to tell you how it just never makes it to the top of our roadmap. So there's three basic reasons that we keep coming back to. The first one is that the definition of annotation for us is still a little bit hazy. Like there's a weird line for us between what an annotation in the context of a peer review is versus what an annotation in the context of a comment is versus something else. This example here is a track change annotation. We probably would build it into our annotation system, but how much should we expose that to other people? Should we make exceptions for it? And so that's a question that comes up. And there's also a language problem. We don't call them annotations on our platform. We call them discussions. And so if we were to adopt it and release it, how do we tell our users that this is what we're doing and that we're connecting it to this larger thing that everybody else calls by a different word? So that's one thing that are all open questions for us that we hope that you can help us and others facing this problem address. The second one, I've even learned that this conference about tools that can help us with this, but we've rebuilt our system three times. We've updated references to annotations three times. We're a little bit nervous about what happens if we have to now make these updates across syndicated caches. That just seems like a really thorny problem. It looks like the community is solving that, which is really nice, but that continues to be something. Then the third and I think most important reason is that this has never happened. We've never had a user request for interoperability, which is a huge shame, because that's the main benefit of it. But if you're a product manager and you're prioritizing features and you look at the web annotation standard and everybody goes, here are these great things you can do with interoperability and nobody's ever asked for that, that's a big problem. What I can share with you is a couple reasons why we think that may be the case. The first one is that Pub-Pub is built for communities. And it's built for people who have very specific behaviors and norms. And it's built for people who have very specific brands. And what we find basically is that culture and brand don't interoperate very well. Someone on rap genius or now just genius annotating something is going to do it very differently than someone who's annotating something in a scholarly book about something. They're just going to use different language and context. It's kind of awkward in that scenario. And then I think the other thing that we've learned about it, and again Benjamin addressed this a little bit and I think it's important to note that, is that interaction and user interface are super tightly coupled. And one of the main uses of annotation on our platform is actually people embedding these discussion prompts in line into the document. And then taking those annotations and putting them back and fleshing out the document based on that, that this is an awesome article from a group called Cursor based in Heidelberg that basically builds all of their publications in that way where they start with prompts and they have the community sort of build the article around it. That's obviously going to be very awkward in an interoperable context to see this weird incomplete thread that doesn't make a lot of sense and only makes sense in context of a document that didn't exist when the annotation started. So those are the things for us. And so I think the question that we're asking and that we love answers to is this one very roughly formulated. I did it literally after I heard what Benjamin said and wanted to give you something a little more useful than just to complain about the standard. But basically, we need to be able to make the argument for interoperability to ourselves and to users in a way where we start hearing from users that they really want it. And that may mean us dipping our toes in it or it may mean that we have to keep pointing our communities in directions where we say, look, what we could do if this was interesting to you is this interesting to you. And so in conclusion, what I'm going to ask you to do is, no, I'm just kidding. What I'm going to ask you to do is seriously treat this as an earnest invitation to help us make the argument and in so doing help others facing similar decision trees, others who are way more important than us, I think, fully acknowledge the standard is new. It's adopting. It's growing. It's evolving to address a lot of these concerns. We also acknowledge that we're probably curmudgeons who don't fully understand the value. But we know we're not alone in that. And so use this opportunity to do that. You can annotate this presentation at that bit.ly link and tell us why we're wrong. You can come up to me later and talk about it. And with that, thank you so much. Time for one quick question. I think part of the value might be what were people doing for Pubhub before Pubhub existed? And the question, the answer, might be they weren't able to do it, right? Until you enable some functionality, people don't realize that they wanted. And maybe if there could be some collaboration between Hypothesis and Pubhub so that you both support the open standard. Totally. We'd like to do it. It's just a question of, yeah, do we, where is the value that allows us to justify it, especially on a very small team? OK, what tools could we build that build off of your thing that would help you justify that? Yeah, that's a great question. I think maybe that's another question. What third-party things can we build for you that help you justify that? Awesome, yeah, that's fine. Thank you.


Welcome folks, we have the Dow investors trading down $194, Nasdaq is up $42, S&Ps are flat. Gold, Gold contract trading down $20 at $2,186 an ounce. We have Silver down 15 cents, $24.85 an ounce, LightSweet Crude down 43 cents, $80.64 a barrel, notes and bonds. You get the 10-year note, trading up 11 ticks at $1,1024, the 30-year up $25 at $1,1925 and you get the 10-year right now yielding $4.216. Now for the last 3 months folks, the lowest $3.7, the highs $4.3 and for the last 6 months the lowest $3.7 and the highs $4.9. So a 7-tenths of 1% off of the high and we are 5-tenths of 1% off of the low. King dollar, King dollar is up $467 ticks trading $104.473, year is $108 and is $151, British pound is $125 to $1 US dollar. You get the end of the week folks in the bottom line, we've had an up week, you know you're going to see you get a flat market slightly up and now that's pretty impressive with the way that the dollar is trading because the dollar, you know the correlation has been pretty, if the dollar is up markets down but in this particular case we have two days of big dollar moves to the upside. We moved 600 ticks yesterday, now the 460 today so that's a one full penny, year over the swing point, bottom line is probably going for the highs once again and we'll see where it shakes out and it hasn't also affected the gold market which is pretty amazing so we'll see where this is shaking out meaning you know what's going to be right, the dollar or gold, all of the S&P, you know, gold market only pulled back with 80,000 contracts, that's nothing man. I mean we went top side yesterday with, let's see what we got here, we're rolling the contract but was monster volume yesterday and we did well 127,000 contracts, it's not bad, it's not 2 million but 100,000, well for this contract month that's the highest it's been out there and then if we go into the 10-year note, you can see the 10-year note what the 10-year note did, got to the bottom of the consolidation, said see it, don't want to be and basically it's churning up, stay right there folks, come right back.


Look at this elephant. Elephant is the largest animal on planet Earth. Very powerful. Very powerful. Even it can crush the cars. God is going to be crushed. But that big elephant is tied to a small iron chain, to a small iron peg. Go to Nehru Geological Park or go to a circus. You will find this huge elephant tied to a small iron peg into the ground and this guy goes around and he just, whenever he gets the slightest resistance, he doesn't put any more effort and he thinks that he is restricted, he cannot move and he spends his whole life within that circle. Why? Doesn't it have enough strength to move around, to pull the chain out? It has. But does it pull it out? No. Why? Because? Yes sir. Because of the attachment and love. Oh okay. When he was engaged, when immediately after the birth of the elephant, when he did not have enough strength to pull it, that day it wanted to escape, it doesn't want to be chained, so it pulled and pulled and pulled and tried its best. But that day it did not have enough energy. So it came to a belief, I will not be able to pull this peg from here. I cannot do this. I don't have strength to pull it out. I say it has become his mind. It has become his mind. Later on the elephant grew bigger and bigger and bigger and stronger and much stronger. What now? The iron peg it can pull even the biggest of the trees it can uproot. But still, I cannot pull it out. So where does it go? If you go to Nasek area, you will find the washermen, the Dhobi. They use donkeys to take the clothes from the village to the river and then bring it back. So after coming back in the evening, the donkey brings the donkey to the house under a tree and after standing there, they leave their feet like this. So leave it. Next day morning again when the guy comes and he presses like that, till that time the donkey will be standing under the tree, standing like this. Because he brought it back in the evening and tied it once. I went to Bhanda. I cannot move anywhere. Before what I used to do? I used to tie it with a rope. Now the rope is not using it. So by pressing it, I mean I went to Bhanda. I have been tied. I cannot move. Now the rope is also tied. You don't have to use even a rope. The people who have made the mindset are so good. They have even controlled the donkey and the donkey. They want to control the people too. Yes sir. They sell a lot of things. You cannot do it. If they do it like this, I will not be able to do it. But look at this guy. This guy is a guy called Bumblebee. Bumblebee is a busy guy. He is the first guy to get up in the morning. Last guy to go to the bed. During the day he flies from one flower to another flower. Picks up honey, brings it back. He goes. It makes so many shuttles back and forth in a matter of week. In a matter of one week, a Bumblebee covers a distance of not less than 1,600 kilometers. But scientists, the biologists have done a lot of research on Bumblebee. And they said Bumblebee's wings are very thin and uneven. And its legs are very weak and small. And its body is very big and filled with fluid. Its head is very wide and not aerodynamic. So the biologists, they said physically, physiologically and aerodynamically, a Bumblebee should not be able to fly. But the Bumblebee flies. How is it possible? How is it possible? The scientists are telling that it is not possible, but it is flying. How is it possible? Mental status. Yes, mental status. Their mental status is that I can fly. I can fly. How is it possible? The scientists have not gone and told her. Look at her.  Your body is a little big and heavy.  I am saying this for you. If you try to get up by mistake, your legs will also break. I am saying this for you. Listen. Go and tell them that they did not speak. Even if they spoke, God's grace is their language. They did not understand. They survived. They survived. They are so lucky. What is so lucky for us? We listen. We understand. A lot of well wishes. It is just. We understand. A lot of things come forward. Don't make a home. Think for a flat. There are a lot of 2BHs these days. They are not doing that yet. Leave the bungalow English. No, no. I want to make a bungalow. It is a dream house. What is a dream? Where are you? Are you also tied down to some things?


We're back. We're live. It's, what is it? Monday. Monday. Ooh, 12 noon. We are where we want to be. And that voice is the voice of Alan Roshima, President and CEO of Hawaiian Electric Companies. Wow. Thank you, Alan. Thanks for coming down. Thanks, Jay. Always a pleasure. We'd love to follow your accent. It's been a while. Thank you. It has. It has, you know. The last time wasn't when you were first appointed. It was after that. It was probably after next year. I don't remember. It all blends together. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So much has happened since then. And the person on the phone in, in Hilo, Big Island is Marco Mangelsdorf at Provision Solar, our co-host and regular guest on this show, which is Energy 808, The Cutting Edge. Hi, Marco. One enchanted Monday. I'm with my good friend Jay and Alan. Thank you so much for being with us today, Alan. Can't top that. So let's catch up with you, Alan. Sure. You know, it's been four years plus since you took this job. How has it been? It must, you know, this is a life experience. You know, it's part of your grand legacy, isn't it? Well, I don't know about that. It's been fun.  It's been a great, great experience. Hopefully, all the stuff I've done in my X number of years around here have contributed to the fun I'm having. So I think we've done quite a bit. And including the 20 months of next era that we're kind of at a standstill. Yeah, I want to talk about that. You know, that was, to me, it was, I wanted to see that deal happen. As a matter of fact. And it must have been fairly disruptive. It was, it was a lot of, there was a lot of hostility going on during that period. And I was waiting for it to be over so you could get back to business, that sort of thing. How was it from your point of view? Well, it was everything you said. We wanted to see it happen as well, because we thought it could help propel the state in towards 100%. I think there are a lot of misperceptions about next era and its motives. It's unfortunate, but it's past. And when the decision finally came down, our organization was ready to go either way. So next era was very good during the 20 months and allowing us to pursue our transformation and not standstill, but we just couldn't execute. As you know, I mean, we just couldn't. Yeah. So. Well, you know, it's, I guess it's, it's a lesson or maybe a whole combination of lessons. What about the other things? I remember when we spoke last four plus years ago, or at least when we spoke at the beginning of your, of your current, current gig, your current gig. You talked about two things. And I want to mention them and sort of catch up with you. One was that you wanted to make one company. You wanted to put it together. Great. And the other was that you wanted to change the corporate culture, sort of update the corporate culture. You talk about how that all worked out. Oh, absolutely. One company is imperative for, for the three companies we have to, to basically be up to date in today's environment. I like to tell our employees that we are fortunate. We're not victims. That disruption has occurred everywhere. We're not the only ones. We're fortunate because it occurred with our company earlier than other companies. And so those companies who don't realize they're being disrupted are the ones who will eventually fail. And so the fact that we know we've been disrupted, that we've taken steps to be more customer focused and to stay on top of technology and the new push is really transformative for us is to be more into the soft sciences, bringing people who can advise us as to how to use technology for the customer benefit and not, not just be top down on these are the best things for you is therefore do it, right? It's all about how we transform our messaging, how we listen to our customers and how we listen to other stakeholders. So those things have been transformative to the culture. So we've been getting accolades in the industry on how we've come up with our integrated grid planning, how we go out to our stakeholders before we present a plan so that by the time it gets to the PUC, they will have known everyone's point of view. It's not that we always agree, but at least the points of disagreement are clear. And so a more rational decision can be made without guessing or prolonged processes. And hopefully a cool headed decision. Yeah. Without getting emotionally involved in hostile. Correct. Correct. And I think, I think through the four years in you have a great recollection, we were kind of caught in the company's inability to deal with the great disruption here in a short period of time. In 2008, the white clean energy initiative was enacted or we signed on to it. And rooftop solar, given the high fuel oil prices, and the high credits that were being offered by government made sense for people to go to rooftop solar. Our organization wasn't prepared to integrate that in a rational way. And it engineers our program and, you know, Marco can can confirm this to always seek the perfect solution and not take unnecessary risk. And we're out of that environment. Now we can't always seek perfection, but we have to seek rationality. And so we got kind of caught up in the that vortex. We're past that now. And I think the regulators and stakeholders see that we're probably a lot more aligned with the state's policies. And so if we can all be accountable for getting us there, that's the way we want to do it. Yeah, my observation is that when the next era thing was, you know, it was over, everybody took a deep breath and decided to move forward everybody, the community around energy.  And the kind of aggravations that happened before next era had gone away. And I, and I imagine that's the way it is now. Well, I like to think so. But we I feel we've turned a corner in kind of earning back some trust. But we're not totally there yet. And we have to try really hard to stay on that path. And we have to demonstrate it and not just talk about it. So what I see happening in the company, are people who are used to doing it one way are now looking for hybrid solutions. And we're constantly challenging one another, and not waiting for others to challenge us. So those are all the good things. And I think, you know, as an industry, utility industry, energy groups, you know, we're getting a lot of accolades, we don't necessarily get that in Hawaii. But on a national scale, you get on a national tree as a leader in renewables and so forth. I mean, our last RFP results, right, you get as much battery storage, and solar energy paired to offset energy evening peak, and deliver clean energy offsetting up to 100 million gallons of fossil fuel. On the utility side, nationally, was like, this is amazing. And yet, our coverage locally is, oh, they found some other things to do. Because I don't think people see the enormity of Hawaii's challenges and opportunities. And so, which is also okay from our standpoint, as we become more the normal, rather than the abnormal. That's fine. Where I do want to get it, though, is that everybody has a role in it. It's not us. It's everybody. And where do people find some accountability in moving us to a carbon neutral environment? Right? This is very challenging. When you think about, you know, say four years ago, or six or eight years ago, there were things happening, but it was the low hanging fruit kinds of things. Now there's all this, all these other challenges, other issues mean just to name one that comes to mind the way I just came from this, this conference on climate change. Climate change is a big factor here. Absolutely. Absolutely. I frankly, you know, we're looking at, we're being judged on some things by a 10 year average of a look back. And I'm challenging our people to say, give me any one of those 10 years that we're being judged by by the last three years. And if you can find one, then I want to know it. And if you can't find one, then we have to look for more rationality and how we're judged on reliability, et cetera. As you know, it's been really challenging. You know, the storms and the frequency of the storms and the enormity of the storms in micro areas. And some people don't realize it because they don't get hit. But if you lived on windward Oahu at the end of 2018, you know how much water was dumped there. If you lived in Hilo, right, the enormity of that, Marco can can testify, there was a lot of water. And then you go to Maui, and Lanai, and Molokai, the water and the wind, then the brush fires. So there's a lot of challenges. There are a lot of things going on. And it's almost constant. It's constant. Yeah, so I mean, you know, to me, just looking from the outside in your job as CEO has changed in the past four years, because so many things are happening so much more quickly. I mean, technology, for example, the technology of batteries, the linking of batteries and solar, the event with geothermal, that's changed things. Right.  Exactly. And that means the planning has to change. Right, right. Like every day, there must be something else. Always, always. And we're, we can't be the impediment, right? We have to be agnostic, but looking out for rational decisions at the right time. So I think that's the challenge for us. And really not trying to impose, you know, totally engineering-esque mind as to what we think it ought to be. But really listening to all the stakeholders and saying, you know, there's room for everyone. And it's not always going to be at the lowest price. We're going to seek the lowest price, but that's not our state policy. But in fact, the prices renewables have come down. Absolutely. And the deals you're making now are really relative to what was a few years ago. Absolutely. Way better. Absolutely. So that's what makes it monumental. I mean, to those people who say we should move even faster than we're doing, we couldn't have gotten these deals two years ago in the scale that we've gotten. So it's everything in this right time. And you have to stay abreast of all of the trends and pricing. So as you predict oil prices, as you predict battery, and the battery, the huge technology increases and pricing changes and batteries is largely due to the electrification of transportation. I mean, I may not always agree with Elon Musk, but but what he's done to promote electrification of transportation has caused, you know, big leaps in battery technology and pricing. Yeah, right. I think that's really catching on. I mean, we don't have that many yet. Brandon Morioka was here a couple weeks ago. There are many yet, but it seems to me from this conference this morning, that that things that's getting traction now, and you're going to see a kind of logarithmic increase going forward because people are getting interested. And while electric is doing a lot of charging station projects, including Maui and in Oahu. So I think all the, you know, all the the factors are in play for an expansion of electric vehicles and buses, too, by the way. Right.  We've been working very closely with Pro Terra, the only US manufacturer of those are the buses that DTS is looking at right. Correct. And we played a role in trying to attract Pro Terra to demonstrate here. And I was just with Ryan Popple again in Palm Beach last week at an EEI meeting, some of which was devoted to electrification and the municipal buses. And he did a shout out to Hawaiian electric in Hawaii because of the things we're doing here. So I don't know if you saw some of the news releases, but JTB travel plaza transportation is ordered three Pro Terra buses for the tourist industry, which will cause other competitors to jump on board.  So Hawaii's going to lead in that we're like in the top five of per capita adoption of EVs. We could be number, stay number two, even without a lot of government incentives here. Just because of our population, we are committed, I think Hawaii is committed to cleaning up the environment. And as you know, I mean, Hawaii is a group of early adopters. True. I mean, goes way back deep in the culture. Right. When I help, you know, part of the start of the cell phone industry in Hawaii, and they came abundantly clear that Hawaii's population was going to go in a different direction than elsewhere and adopt faster, right. And the mobility factor was a lot more evident in Hawaii early on. I mean, it's just our culture. Yeah, goes back to Thomas Edison, right 19th century. It goes back to the Ali, I mean, Ilani Palace was electrified for the White House. Very symbolic. It's not it's not that one thing only. It's a whole stream of things. So before I before I forget you completely, Marco, can you take the con on this for a little bit and ask Alan some questions? Absolutely. Thank you, Jay. I just wanted to make a quick comment about a comment you made a little while ago, Alan about the challenge of integrating more and more rooftop solar. And I want to give a shout out to you and all the folks at Eco Helico Miko, especially on the and the engineering side. And as we both know, engineers tend to be I think a bit more risk averse than perhaps the policy side folks. Now, having been added here in Hawaii for going on 20 years, I don't think any of us would have thought possible five 1015 years ago, the degree to which rooftop solar was going to be deployed and penetrating into the grid. And it's a lot of that is due to the fact that your company has your companies have pushed the boundaries, pushed the envelopes of what what was thought virtually impossible to in fact, turning out to be very possible. So I just want to give you and your your team kudos for that because that says definitely noteworthy. Well, thanks, Marco. That's very meaningful coming from you. Thanks. Thank you so much. Sure. And I kind of I got a two part question for you, Alan, which is first part is what keeps you excited coming to work in the morning now that you are in year five of your tenure at HECO and second part is what do you what have you found to be the most challenging and or disappointing in your four plus years at Hawaiian Electric? Okay. What keeps me going?  I'm I'm a frustrated architect, Marco. I like to build things. I got talked out of going into architecture of my high school counselors who always knew better than me that, you know, they thought I should be a doctor or a lawyer. You know, if we could go back now, you know, how those things work, right? And so you do how you're programmed. But I like to build things. And I, what keeps me going is that I feel like I'm building an an organization that is so critical to Hawaii's a past and future. So I see the growth in our people. And I see the growth in our organization as a whole. And that's what keeps me going. My primary purpose for taking this on at my advanced age was that that the give back to Hawaii, and that is to create a bench of now, I had to say this, the 2700 employees of Hawaiian Electric are some of the best anywhere. I mean, truly, even as we're going through the next day or merger, and we're able to benchmark this, there's no doubt that we have good people. What my job is to make sure that they get the right tools and the development culture to really get to the best they can be. And so that our board, as they look for succession within the company, and it's not just my job, it's throughout the company, feels confident that we have people within the company who have the right skill sets, who have the right external views, and or ability to communicate so that they can feel confident that the company can move on notwithstanding the loss of any one two or three people. So that's what keeps me going. I see that happening. We still have a lot of work to do. And it's going to happen. So as you may know, we've done some reorganizations two years ago. And now again, as we came out of next era, to be able to execute on our transformation. And our transformation really is being able to deliver the stuff that people expect of the utilities, i.e. turned on the light switch and the lights go on, and they don't care how it happens. And frankly, they don't want to know how it happens. But on the other side, as we face these new challenges, how do you get new revenue streams and new value for customers? And so that other side of the house where we have developed, so you mentioned Brennan, electrification of transportation, AJ Hale Gao and marketing, Sean McCormick, who's working on new products and services. These are things that we are developing. Mindy Hartstein, who's running our poll infrastructure enterprise as we take over sole ownership of all of the polls in our jurisdiction to be able to be utilized for things like 5G antenna sites for building a new generation for a new time. It's a new business side, right? Yeah. And so as I see the growth, and as it goes down into the company farther into the company, that's what keeps me going. Yeah. And the story, that's what keeps me going. The biggest challenge for me, just because I'm an impatient person, people think I'm patient, but it looks like a patient. But kind of impatient is the length of time it takes to for change management. So you cannot turn on a dime. And so our one company initiative, Marco, where we are looking at bringing more synergy within the three companies and processes that bring value to our customers. I specifically asked Jay Ignacio to be the account leader on that, because I wanted to be sure that it was not an Oahu centric mentality, it was a neighbor island centric mentality that will drive this. So my pledge to our employees this year is that we're going to execute with finality on the one company this year, 2019, sooner the better, but not before it's time. And so that to me has been something I wanted to deliver earlier. But the 20 months we spent in the next year, a merger, where we learned a lot, but it also held up a lot. So I couldn't do it. Yeah, yeah, it fits though. Yeah, it fits now. It's the right thing at the right time. Yeah. And we have our new ERP system in place, right? That we couldn't execute on because of the next year of merger, because rightly so people said, Why do you get the approval to go and merge next era has that same platform so you could save on the execution? Well, we stopped it for 20 months. And then all of a sudden we have to really hurry up and get it done. Because we're living on borrowed time, way past borrowed time on our legacy systems. But now it gives us the platform to move forward with one company. Speaking of, if I could follow up with a quick question on that for Alan. So what do you believe that you have yet to do yet to accomplish in your tenure, Alan, however much longer your tenure at Hawaiian Electric? What is what will what do you hope to see wrapped up and accomplished by the time you you move on? Now that I'm trying to hurry you out the door, I'm just kind of wondering what what what what you'd like to have completed? Well, I'd like to see the transformation permeate more of our organization. And it will. I'd like to see one company wrap up and people fully aligned around what we have to do. In the end, I want I want our customers to see us as a valued service and not just a renewable energy company. Because I think we're we have to be more than that. We're one of the few companies in Hawaii that has a reach to so much of Hawaii. And our economy depends on a as we all the three of us agree on a stable grid on the technology that has to be implemented to allow renewable energy and decarbonization. Those are things the state needs the state needs and it has to be done rationally. So I really love to see that people see the company as a community, a supporter with input from the community and not top down from engineers. The engineers play a huge role. But so do our customers and other stakeholders, including vendors and independent power producers, state government, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs. I would love to see a more entrepreneurial, total environment in Hawaii. I mean, I just came back from Florida and my Lyft driver inspired me. I truly inspired me by what he's doing and how he got started. And the entrepreneurial spirit of this, this immigrant. Yeah, I mean, it's just inspiring. And I'd love to see more of that in Hawaii. Hopefully not good. We'll see that. Yeah. Marco, you want more? Sure. Sure, always more. And I know because we're kind of running out of time. So let me kind of drill a little bit down to something a bit more big island specific, if I could please, Alan, I'll be just a little bit provocative, but not overly so, I think, given how this I think a juicy and important question. And I think it's fair to say that the future of Pune geothermal venture is somewhat nebulous now, given the damage that's taking place in that area, as far as lava flow and so forth, which represents a substantial sizable contribution to the Helco grid has for 25 some odd years. And then we've also got this power plant up the coast in the KO area called Honua Ola or what's the other word Honua Ola? Yes, it used to be who Honua Ola correct. And in that particular power plant, haven't gone online yet is actually under a court challenge by Henry Curtis and life of the land we're waiting for a Supreme Court decision sometime in months to come. The possibility of it would be remanded the decision of a couple years ago to approve the power plant or the PPA power purchase agreement going into effect was it was appealed so it's conceivable it could be remanded back to the commission and the and Honua Ola coming online is also somewhat nebulous. So my question to you is, if you can address this, what effect if if neither of these power plants were to go back online for the foreseeable future, what effect would this have on Helco generation and grid modernization plans? Oh, we'll get there. You know, as you know, the big island was actually leading the state in renewable energy, we were going to be at 70%. But for, you know, lava and PGV going offline. What we did, we agreed to expedite the RFP for an additional project on the big island. Working with the Commission on that when PGV was, you know, had to go out. So we've got projects in the funnel for grid solar plus battery. We're looking at all kinds of things. There's a second round to it. Marco, as you know, right, that will I think produce more projects. We have to live as a regulated utility and a believer in the rule of law to abide by our contracts and and to give the opportunity for people to perform. We meet regularly with Honuaola for updates. We need to know what their plans are, how they're going to execute. We recently had a group meeting with government, the county and the state regarding PGV. And so their efforts of foot for PGV to come up with a plan on how they will either come back up or and how they're going to satisfy the community requirements. So we we want to see renewable energy in the forms that are acceptable to the state. And if they can pass all the hurdles, and we are not the ones that are going to see the naysayers. I mean, they're competing views on every kind of technology out there, right? Wind, for example. Sure. So so we can't be arbiter. We have to do what's rational and best for our customers. And if the PUC approves that then we will live by the contracts to get it done. I'd like to ask a question about the future. And tripping off something you said a minute ago, that Hawaiian Electric doesn't want to just be a renewable energy company. We'll be a I think you said a service come full service company going forward. And I know in there somewhere is the vision of what a full service company is, and what services you might be engaged in outside of renewable energy. Can you talk about your vision for that going forward? Well, I this kind of goes back to our sustainable communities effort. So we already have a program going on in Waimanalo. And we've are holding hands with like commandment of schools and others. In terms of developing communities and asking the communities, how can we be of assistance? And lo and behold, I mean, what the community, just this one community says is one of the biggest benefits of us coming in and trying to help organize their thoughts, is they're not connected with one another. And so they can have the discussions about what their future ought to be, what their needs are. So it's not us saying this is what you need. But we can be a facilitator for those discussions. And then it leads to other things. So resilience is a big deal for island communities, right? And as people understand how, for example, that Aina Hina and Hawaii Kai are served by a transmission line that goes over the koalao through Waimanalo and goes back up the mountains to serve the East Honolulu. We're vulnerable, right? We're vulnerable. So as the community see that, then they come up with, gee, why don't we do these things? Can we start looking at these things? And the answer is yes, right? But it's coming up from the community. Now, when I talked about the poll infrastructure, we had been in negotiations for years with Hawaiian Telcom to kind of relieve it of some of its financial obligations, but to be able to promote synergies within our operations. So when Hawaiian Telcom had part of the poll and we had part of the poll ownership, the telecom was a confusion. Well, it also, yeah, so you have the double polls in some cases. The vegetation management around the wires is bifurcated, right? We take care of the top end, they take care of the bottom end. Now that we have sole ownership and resources to do it, why can't we do it more synergistically? Right? It can only be a good thing. It can only be a good thing. One of the byproducts as you look into the future, Marco and Jay, you guys are there. Autonomous driving, 5G dispersion and what it can bring to households. Our polls becomes the the favored, the favored place to put antenna and sensors. And now because we have sole ownership and we have a group working on it with Mindy Hartstein, for example, we're working with the cell companies on location. And then we're working with our union brothers to make sure it's safe for them to access what their use are accessing, but now have other people in the space. Yeah, 5G has a different kind of technology, right? You need these mesh modes here and there. It's different than it is with 4G. Right. So you can be part of that, an important part of that. Absolutely. And so the cell companies are all coming to us now and we're kind of a non competitor in the space. And we're just looking for more connectivity. And this is what 5G brings, for example, on Molokai where half the island has no cell service. And we're kind of committed to try to make Molokai 100% faster. Well, if the community wants it, if they can get 5G there, and I've asked the state for assistance in helping, it's a small market. So there's really no economic incentive for the cell carriers to go. But if I can give them a conduit to go, i.e. will help them energize the poles for that purpose, as I get more cell service, then I can put more rooftop solar and connectivity with smart inverters. So it is, it is an integrated system. But what does it bring to the community? Should they choose to get it? Is it get access to telemedicine? They get access to distance learning? They get access to economic activity? Yeah, right. So they joined the 20th century in a non, you know, without a whole lot of infrastructure. Relatively quickly too. Quickly. And so it's underserved communities that we can be a conduit to help move things. Right? Yeah. So that's where our company and our community affairs people are spending a lot of time looking at being a service to the community that brings economic activity, brings, you know, ideas to communities to fulfill the community's vision for itself. Oh, I love it. I mean, what you've described as a kind of design thinking process out of Stanford, you know, where you you look at the problem and what you thought was the problem, maybe a different thing. Yeah. And then you have interactive design thinking with the community. Now you find a better a better problem to solve and a way to solve it. Right. I mean, and I always say that Hawaiian Electric is Hawaii's electric company. It's the common denominator connecting, but it connects beyond just renewables. It connects other things as well. It has to be. I mean, we have so few companies of our size and, you know, publicly traded, et cetera, with a responsibility commitment to Hawaii per se. And what I heard through the next Jared merger, despite my preference to getting involved, you know, in all the synergies that were brought was kind of like, no, we want a Hawaiian company with Hawaiian values, Hawaiian management to, to, you know, be such a big part of our state. And so I heard that. And so we're trying to, we're trying to be that, right, be even better at that than we were in the past. I think I think clearly it works better that way. Yeah. You know, just knowing about Hawaii the way Hawaii works and it's different together. J is different, right? Yeah, it is. It's different. It's not like another place or any other place. Right.  But that doesn't mean they're agreeing with you. They're acknowledging your lips are moving and we're being polite. We have a special culture. Don't take it as agreement. Marco, why don't you make your final statement to try to synergize everything that's happened? Oh, that's impossible to do with such erudite insight and commentary. I mean, it looks like we feel like we've barely scratched the surface. The three of us, I think, could go on for hours and hours. But I'll just thank you, Alan, for helping us start 2019 in a fantastic fashion. You're our first guest of this year. And I think it's, you know, considering how well you did for us. It's all downhill from here, but we'll try as we might. But you know, you're always welcome to come and sit down with us. And I really appreciate you coming to the show today. Well, thank you, Marco. Also my pleasure for you guys. Anytime. Thank you, Alan. Great to have you here today. If do it again. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Another four years. Before that, I'll be on a cruise.


My name is Chelsea and I'm a young water professional from Australia. I'm really looking forward to attending the Emerging Water Leaders Forum in Kigali this December. The forum program has been designed by young water professionals for young water professionals and I'm excited for the opportunity to connect with people from all over the world. It will be a great chance to hear all about IWA, YPP activities and learn from each other while building relationships and expanding our networks. I also encourage more senior professionals to come along to the forum to hear youth perspectives. That intergenerational knowledge exchange is an important aspect of progress on water challenges. Hope to see you there!


Good morning, everybody. So my name is Shita Tarabin. I'm going to be talking to you today about how I've used WordPress to not only build personal relationships for myself, but also for my business. And my talk is called Let's Take This Offline, Making Friends, and Growing Professional Relationships in Real Life. So I want you to take a moment and think about today. Why are you here? Why did you come to WordCamp? What are you trying to get out of it? Are you looking for a job or to meet a specific person or build a business relationship? For me, personally, I want to catch up with old friends that I've made through the WordPress community. I want to meet new people who I've met only online. And I also want to see what people are doing with WordPress. What are they launching? What are new projects that are happening? So my hope is that the next 15 minutes, you will channel what it is that your goal is. What's your purpose? Why are you here this morning? And I'm going to help you hopefully accomplish that. So who am I and why should you listen to me? I have been in the WordPress community going on four years now. I've also been at WP Engine for the past four and a half years. As part of my role at WP Engine, I started out going to WordCamps and representing the company. Four years ago, the WordPress landscape was much different. And so I've gotten to see the WordPress community grow and evolve into what it is today. I wanted to create this little photo collage so you could see specifically the bottom right-hand corner. That was me at my very first WordCamp, New York City, 2012. I've come a long way from that. I've made a lot of friends. And I have had a lot of impact specifically to help me be the person that I am in my life today because of all of you out in the audience. Thank you, Livestream also. And so today, I just want to share some of my tips on how I helped do that for WP Engine and also for myself. So even for the most social individuals, sometimes meeting new people is really scary. And I'll use myself as the example. When I went to WordCamp, New York City in 2012, I didn't know anybody. I didn't know anybody in the community. I didn't know who I was supposed to know, who I was not supposed to know. And most importantly, nobody knew who I was. And that was extremely scary. However, if you do know me now, you'll know that I'm outgoing, and I love to talk and meet new people. But nobody knew me at the time, and I didn't really know how to get that message across. So part of my journey and part of yours is being OK with that. It's realizing that everybody starts with nobody knowing who you are. We all start from zero. So I know that the imposter syndrome is something that gets talked about a lot. Even the most respectful people that I know in the WordPress community feel like they don't belong sometimes. And it's OK. We all have those moments. So how do you become known? Where do you even start? For me, I started to follow the people who did have voices. Not because they were more popular or because their voices were louder, but they were making themselves known. They knew who they were, and they were putting that out there for the world to see. I know this talk is supposed to be oriented on how you take things offline, but I do believe that these relationships start online. So where do you even begin to find these people to take those relationships offline? So for me, I went to Twitter because in the WordPress community, Twitter is a popular place where conversations are had. And you get to meet people and see what their personalities are and what's important to them. And I'm sure we've all met somebody here hopefully this weekend who you've met online simply by just recognizing their gravitar, their image, or their Twitter handle. So I want to show a picture of what my profile is. How do I present myself and put my best foot forward? Well, I live a full stomach, which to me is a full life, and it's a good one. It's a yummy one. I'm also a marketer at WP Engine. I think I'm an influencer and an adventurer, and I'm very busy, and I like it that way. And I'm a food blogger at my blog, Dime with Shada. For me, I'm putting the information that is what I want to present to the world in hopes that attracts people to want to talk to me, to want to come communicate with me. Sometimes you might put a funny cat picture as your profile picture, which is fine. I'm not saying it's wrong, but if you want to put your best foot forward and being able to be identified so people can connect with you and build relationships, you just think about how you're presenting yourself. So now that you've got your profile put together, now you have to think about how you're going to go and engage with people. And how do you even find people that you want to talk to?  Maybe you know that you want to get in the plug-in development, and so that's a great place to start. Otherwise, just start typing in Google, Wordpress, Insert, Blank. So in this example, I looked up Wordpress Agencies. Simply by doing that, I'm able to go through and read articles and see brands and company names and people who I may or may not want to go follow up with. And so I encourage you to think about what it is, again, that is your goal, why you're here, what you're trying to accomplish, and who can help you connect those dots to fulfilling that goal. And so go follow those people on Twitter. Go interact with them. Introduce yourself. Engage with them. I think engagement is extremely important. Don't just follow somebody and be passive. If they post something funny, tell them that it was something funny. Tell them that you like the way that they always expose themselves on Twitter by being very candid or that they take really great pictures. And so I think it's a great place to start is just by Googling things that you don't know. Google is very powerful. The other thing I would like to remind you is if you have not Googled yourself, do it. You'd be amazed what you see. In my case, I wanted to pull what Google pulls up when you type in shade of Tarabi. Everything that you see here is things that I've curated specifically to make sure that they show up on my profile. But that wasn't always the case. You guys have always, has anybody taken pictures maybe from your college days and then a friend posted and ends up on the internet somewhere?  Anybody? Some people? I know there's a few of you out there. Use Google to see what you're presenting about yourself and try to backtrack that way. So if you see something that's unfavorable on there, try to go through and remove those pieces of content. So you're always putting your best foot forward.  I want to be seen as somebody who's social. I want to be seen as a food blogger because that's really a big passion of mine. I also want people to be able to find me easily. My social links are popping up immediately above the fold. And then all the images are of myself. Maybe I'm lucky because my name is so unique. So if your name is like David Hall, maybe it's not going to be as easy for you to have the whole page to yourself. Just be mindful of what it is that is being presented about yourself. Know who you are and know who you want to be seen as.  So now that you hopefully have some tips on things that you can take care of online, let's talk about taking this offline. You're at WordCamp. You made the first step. You showed up to an event like this. So what is that goal again? How are you going to engage with people while you're here in person at a conference? One of my favorite things to do is to go through the attendee list. All WordCamps publish the attendee list. Some publish it sooner than others. But in this example, I pulled this from WordCamp 2015 because actually WordCamp 2016 wasn't live when I did my slides. But I love the WordCamps do this because it's a way for you to see who's going to be at a WordCamp before you show up. So it's tied to your gravitas. So again, making sure that you have a profile picture that people can easily identify you by, making sure that your social handles are there and they link to things that you want people to find about you. It's both a great way for people to discover who you are, but it's also a great place for you to discover who's going to be at WordCamp. So who can you start to follow and engage with online and be mindful that when you're here, you can go meet them. And so because I've been going to WordCamps for a while and this has been a little secret of mine, I've gotten pretty comfortable just, you know, finding somebody on this list, knowing that I want to go meet them because of a plugin that they did or an article that they wrote or a talk that they've given. And now because I've seen how successful it can be and how unscary people are actually, are in the community. I mean, everybody's friendly here. I know that not everybody in this room knows each other, but I bet that if you turned around and talked to the person behind you, they would happily love to talk about themselves. I think we all need to remember that the people love to talk about themselves and so if you give them the opportunity to talk about themselves, you'd be amazed at what you might discover. So now that you have a list, you know who you kind of would like to go follow up and maybe try to meet. Another thing that I encourage you to do is to follow the hashtag. The hashtag is a great place to one, get inspiration for what's going on. So for example, I saw people using the hashtag the other day that there was a cheesesteak meetup and I happened to know the person who was putting on the meetup, but just had kind of gotten busy with other events throughout the day and being able to go there and see that people were engaging and they were having fun, it made me wanna go be there. And so I took a group of friends and we all went to this cheesesteak meetup. So sometimes you're able to find parties or opportunities or events that you can go be a part of and sometimes you can just see what the conversation is. I know that so much of what we're doing here is talking and sitting and listening and absorbing but also making sure that we're looking at what's happening online so people are constantly sharing information. So all WordCamps usually have a hashtag, it's a great place to hang out while you're sitting in talks like this. I don't mind you being on Twitter if you're looking for somebody that you can go connect with. And so what if you don't know what you don't know and you wanna try to go meet somebody? I personally believe in, again, knowing who you are even if it's just the high levels. I'm a food blogger, I'm passionate marketer, I love technology and I love a good meal. Knowing who you are, knowing what you want people to know about you is so important because people are gonna ask you what you do and if you kinda don't know what to say or you don't know how to communicate that, you're not allowing somebody to fully get to know you and how you can build that relationship that could turn into either a friendship or a professional business relationship or an opportunity sometime later on down the line. So I really believe in being goal oriented. I believe in being strategic. I believe in doing everything with intention and with purpose because that's how doors get open for you is by stating your intention.  So that way when I maybe have a friend who's an e-commerce, I can connect to you but if I don't know that about you, how do I know to help you? And I think we all wanna be helped, I think we all wanna be known, I think we all wanna be understood and part of that is knowing who you are so you can state your intention out loud. Another thing that I love to do is to use lunch to talk to people I don't know. Whether that's eating lunch at the venue, going and sitting at a random table by a stranger or maybe you're gonna go offsite to lunch, invite somebody who maybe you sat next to in a talk who you'd wanna get to know better. Use those opportunities to step away from the conference to be able to dive in deeper and build these relationships. Some of my favorite conversation starters are to ask somebody for help, ask for their opinion on something, use their interests if you know that about them, let's say maybe that they work for a specific company that you're interested in and you can always offer to buy somebody food. I think food is a great way to the heart. Another great place is the happiness bar. So the happiness bar this year is by the registration table, whether you wanna volunteer and kinda share your skills with people who need help or you need help with your WordPress site, the happiness bar is a great place just because, again, people love helping each other, people love giving up information that makes them feel like they're the thought leader in the room and you can leverage that by one, getting some help and two, making a new friend through them getting to tell you who they are. I think it's just a really great place to go hang out and to get help and to make another new connection. Another place is with the sponsors. So I know that sometimes we might not be thinking that we wanna go talk to the sponsors or pick up the swag but secret, we wanna get rid of our swag so please take all of it. Being at a WordPress company, I'm so fortunate because I get to go to WordCamps all the time and I love meeting our customers, I love meeting people in the community, I love the vibrancy that exists and I need people to come talk to me when I'm standing at a booth and so I encourage you don't be afraid, go talk to the sponsors. They contribute so much to make these WordCamps possible that they're a great resource for you if you're looking for a job or just looking to get connected to maybe some cool new thing that's being launched in the WordPress community. That's a great place to start. So I'm now fortunate to have probably in the hundreds of friends because of WordPress because of just showing up and being friendly and opening my heart to the community that I didn't have before WordPress and before going to WordCamps and Meetups and the reality is that relationships take time and I believe in being authentic and not really doing anything for personal gain although there should be that goal of what you're trying to accomplish but again just by being genuine and getting to know people you actually build real relationships and I'm fortunate because some of them are sitting in the room today supporting me this morning and I really thank you because you've made my life better, you've enriched it, you've given me knowledge, you've been supports to me and it's just I don't think people realize that that exists in the WordPress community and so I encourage you just to again talk to those strangers because they'll become your lifelong friends. So I do believe in being authentic, identify maybe shared goals that you have, let go of expectations. Sometimes maybe offer something before asking and when in doubt always plan something fun to do. So this is a picture actually of WordCamp Phoenix. I have become known in the WordPress community as the girl who likes to go on food meetups so I love it.  Where's the dessert place? Like when can we go right now? So if you ever wanna go eat some cool yummy food when you're at a WordCamp with me just come find me, find me on Twitter, I'd love to invite you out. But in this example, I invited a few friends and those friends invited friends and we ended up with this huge group at this ice cream parlor in downtown Phoenix and just had a blast. We pretty much shut the place down. We were just talking and chatting and I think realizing that all these people contribute something to the community is important. Realizing that their business owners and developers and freelancers and men and women, young and old is really cool but also just getting to know people for people. What do they like to do outside of the office? What do they like to do in their free time on the weekends? Repress is online but so much of this goodness happens in the wee hours over sprinkles and scoops of ice cream. So if you're not familiar with Six Trees of Separation, it's the idea that there are Six Trees of Separation between you and any single person. So let's say you don't know Lisa Saban Wilson but I know Lisa. I am more than happy to introduce you to that person, whoever that person might be. Leverage your network, leverage the people that you currently do know to help you get connected to the people that you don't know. I think it's a great way just to maybe meet somebody new that you wouldn't have met otherwise through a mutual friend because it's a little bit less scary when somebody gives you an introduction that way and if it's too nerve-wracking for you to go introduce yourself to the stranger, maybe drag a friend along and you both can go meet them. I tested this one with one of my friends in the audience. I was asking if he had business cards on him and he said no but he actually did have some business cards. I think we forget to have business cards in the WordPress community because everything is done online. Again, you wanna have a social profile, you wanna have a website, you wanna have a way for people to find you but I believe in physical business cards. It's not archaic, it's so important. It's a little memorable way for you to hand somebody a little card so they remember to follow up with you. I have a best practice of either keeping business cards that are mine in my left pocket and cards are the people I meet in my right pocket and within at least 24 hours, if not the hours after I meet them, I'll just send them a quick email. Hi, I'm Shada, we met at WordCampUS. We talked about your new plugin project. Let's follow up when things, you know, calm down for you a bit. I have just gotten so much in the habit of doing that that it's become my practice and it has just paid in dividends because people forget to follow up. They forget to carry on that conversation so by being in control of driving that conversation forward, it will open doors for you. Another thing worth mentioning is to maybe go join groups outside of WordPress so because I'm a food blogger, I'm really fortunate in Austin, Texas, we have a group called Austin Food Blogger Alliance. I think WordCamps and WordPress Meetups are really great for WordPress stuff, new plugins I should use or, you know, getting help if maybe my theme isn't working properly on my site. But I love being a part of a food blogger meetup because those are the people who get to geek out with me over what's the best new restaurant that I should go try out and include on my blog or what's new camera that I could use so I can take better pictures so that it enhances the look and feel of my website.  Maybe going and joining their meetup groups will help get you into a new community that can help open opportunities for your small business. So I just encourage you to think about those, you know, exterior groups that might be a part of what you're currently working on today and leverage that to help you get more connected. And so in closing, I just want to kind of remind you, like, what is that goal? Why are you here? Why did you show up? What are you trying to accomplish? I'll share a little quick anecdote. Being strategically mindful of what that goal is and trying to achieve it will really help you go far. My swim coach, I was a swimmer in high school, told me to write the time that I wanted to achieve at my swim meet on my hand and look at it every day in practice. So for weeks and weeks I would look at that swim time and by the time the meet came I was channeling hitting that number. 99% of the time I achieved that goal simply by thinking positively, thinking strategically of what that goal is that I want to accomplish. So it can be as small as just, you know, building up the courage to go meet a stranger, just telling yourself you can do it or standing up at a word camp and giving a talk like this to a bunch of friends and strangers in the audience. You can do anything that you set your mind to. So channel what your goal is, channel what that outcome is, and you can achieve it. So thank you so much. My name is Shada. You can find me on Twitter at ChapToura and Dine with Shada and my website is dinewithshada.com.


Hello, this is Nate Franzine, President of Ag Banking at First Dakota National Bank. Here at First Dakota, we're one of the largest ag lenders in the country. We take great pride in serving farm and ranch clients across the Midwest. And my team of ag bankers and I really strive to be more than just a source of money, a source of expertise and a source of knowledge and a resource that folks can lean on. The reason for this recording today is to talk a bit about the drought that we are experiencing and the concerns of drought as we head into this spring and the ag operating cycle of 2022.  Number one, I would say the biggest thing is to communicate with your lender frequently. Keep them abreast of the challenges you're experiencing. If you have a strong lending partner, they will have information for you. They'll have knowledge to share with you. They'll try and connect you with other resources, programs available. And I can promise you our team will certainly work hard to do that. The other thing I would say is just having a sounding board, someone you can talk to that understands and appreciates the need for confidentiality is a big resource your ag lender can be for you. Sometimes you just don't want to talk about financial hardship or financial challenges that you're experiencing with neighbors or friends. Your ag lender can certainly serve that role for you. I can't emphasize enough that your self-worth is not your net worth. So if you are experiencing some financial troubles, please don't make that too personal. Certainly our financial well-being is very important to us all and we don't take that lightly. But we also know there is life after a loss. There is life after financial hardship. There's life after cows if you are experiencing it in the worst of ways and need to reduce cow numbers or even completely liquidate. Hopefully that's few and far between. Hopefully you'll find options between that. But we are certainly here as ag bankers and ag lenders serving the industry to help you through those times. So again, I can't emphasize enough, just communicate.  Please keep the lines of communication open. And not just first to code ag bankers, but ag bankers serving this region. I know really do care. They want to be here and help you through it. And I know I can speak for our team to say we will do everything we can to work with you and to help you through those things. So best of luck. Hopefully mother nature helps improve the situation as we head into spring. But if not, again, please reach out to resources you have available to you. And your ag banker is certainly one of those. Thank you.


Greetings and welcome to the Introduction to Astronomy. In this video, we are going to talk about the possibilities of life existing beyond the Earth. At this point, the Earth is the only planet that we know of in the universe where life exists. However, we do know that the organic molecules that form life are very easy to form and are found on other planets, on asteroids, comets, and even in molecular clouds out in space. So it leads us to think that perhaps not only can the organic molecules form easily, but maybe life can as well. So let's start off looking here in our own solar system. Some places where might we find life? Well, Mars is one of always been one of the best bets for looking for life. Why Mars? Well, because we know that it is the only place other than Earth that had liquid water in the past. So knowing that liquid water was there and that liquid water on Earth was vital for forming life leads us to believe that if there is going to be some place else in the solar system, that it would have been on Mars. Now we've looked for life on Mars for a long time and even thought, remember, that there were canals and possibly civilizations on Mars over a hundred years ago. But we looked specifically with the Viking landers in 1976. Viking I and Viking II both went with material to test the Martian soil and look for signs of organic molecules, evidence of biological activity, but nothing conclusive was ever found, so no signs of living materials on Mars. The Curiosity rover has found, looked at mudstone, again finding evidence of liquid water and really gives evidence that Mars would have been habitable in the past. But have to say for sure, that means it was habitable, not that it was habited. So that does not mean necessarily that life existed. It does not rule out the possibility of life, but we certainly know now that Mars would not have had any kind of significant civilization. So could there be life on Mars today or what did Mars look like perhaps long ago? Mars might have looked something like this and had a great ocean here of liquid water on its surface, and we see remnants of some of that today and of some of water flows that have existed. So we do know that Mars was warmer and was wetter in the past than it is today. Could liquid water still exist underground? We know that there is a salty liquid water, not water as we know it, but a very briny, salty water that does flow intermittently on the surface today on the walls of some of the craters, and we can see evidence of that. So it's not water as we would think about it, but there is evidence that still to this day that there is some kind of liquid flowing on the surface of Mars. Typical liquid water, the stuff we're used to, because of the pressures and temperatures on Mars, does not exist. So you could not have liquid water on Mars today. And we also know that there's the lack of an atmosphere. And that leads to things like no ozone, which we have here on earth, which helps protect us from ultraviolet radiation. The Martian surface would be exposed to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, and that could help sterilize the surface. What might exist down below the surface is still a good question. We've dug down with some of the landers and the rovers looking for signs but have not been able to find anything to be able to confirm that life ever existed or still exists on Mars. Elsewhere in the inner solar system, we're unlikely to find any kind of life, neither Venus nor Mercury, show any signs of being habitable. But how about the outer solar system? In the outer solar system, we see that we're not going to be able to form life on the planets of the outer solar system, at least not in life as we know it. Because they do not have a solid surface. However, the moons are another story. So things like Europa, pictured here, does have an ocean of liquid salt water below the surface ice. So it does have water down below. And could there be mixing of that with surface materials? Could there be any kind of basic life down below? We know that there's not going to be any life on the surface. There is no atmosphere. So it is exposed to radiation and cosmic rays that would sterilize the surface. However, down below this surface, which would protect it, we could possibly have life. And there are missions that have been discussed to try to go to Europa to be able to try to sample and see if there is any kind of life down below the surface ice. Elsewhere in the outer solar system, Europa isn't the only one. We do look at other places. Enceladus around Saturn is another example. We do know that there is also liquid salt water below the surface there. And we have material that has been seen venting out from below the ice. So we know that there is currently liquid water there down below the surface. So similar to Europa, is there a possibility of life existing here? One of the most thought about objects would be Titan. Titan is the large moon of Saturn. And it is unique in that it has an atmosphere. And it has a liquid on the surface, not water. There's no liquid water on the surface. It's much too cold for that. The water would all be frozen solid into ice. But methane does exist in the form of lakes and rivers that we have seen by the lander that landed on Titan a number of years ago. So it is quite possible it has organic materials, things like methane, and could it have some kind of organic chemistry. The difficulty is these very cold temperatures. When the temperatures are very cold, chemical reactions will go in a much slower pace. And that means that maybe the chemical reactions that formed life on Earth are still working. And they're still not going at a fast enough rate to have formed life on Titan. So again, further studies would be needed to see if any kind of simple basic life has ever formed on Titan. So within our solar system, if we're looking for life, we're looking for something very basic. Things like bacteria, things like very simple, simple, single-celled organisms that may possibly exist. If any other complex civilization had ever existed in our solar system, we would have long since been able to detect that. But we can also look outside our solar system to get a look for possibilities of life. We now know of thousands of planets outside our solar system. Some of these are in what we call the habitable zone of their star, which is the region where temperatures are appropriate for liquid water to exist. So we look at what kind of stars do we look at for these? Well, we look at stars like our sun. So stars like our sun here in the middle would have a good size habitable zone, whereas a smaller, cooler star would have a very small habitable zone very close to it. So here you're looking at the green region as the habitable zone. And inside, the red gets too hot, the blue gets too cold, the green is where it's just right. So these are the areas where liquid water could possibly exist. So for our solar system, just that third planet here, that would be us here at Earth, would be the one that is in the habitable zone, Mercury and Venus being too close, and Mars being a little bit too far away. Now what about larger stars? Larger, hotter stars, you wouldn't wanna be close to one, but they would have a larger habitable zone because they are higher temperatures. So there would be a larger region around them where temperatures would be appropriate for liquid water. However, these hot stars do not live very long. In fact, some of these only live millions of years, and it's quite likely that there are, that there would not have, life would not have time to form around them. So here, lifetime is short, and down here, the habitable zone is small. So a very small habitable zone, meaning unlikely to look at these. So when we wanna look at stars, we try to select stars that are similar to our own sun, giving enough time for life to have formed, and possibly even intelligent life, and having a large enough habitable zone to have a big enough region where possible planets could exist. So what would be some signs of evidence for life? And what we'd see, if we're searching again, Earth-like planets, we're looking for things like oxygen in the atmosphere. Does that mean life, and does a lack of oxygen mean no life? Right now we would think that if we were to find oxygen in an atmosphere, it would be a very good sign of life because that is one of the few ways that you can get oxygen into the atmosphere. Oxygen does not form naturally, as we've seen none of the other planets. Anyplace else with an atmosphere, we do not see free oxygen, or oxygen molecular oxygen. We don't see that anywhere except on the Earth. So it's very likely that if we could ever detect an other planet with significant quantities of oxygen in the atmosphere, it would be a good sign that it did have some kind of life. However, does a lack of oxygen mean no life? And the answer is no. On the Earth, we only had oxygen in the atmosphere for the last half billion years. So for the first few billion years, we had essentially very little oxygen in the atmosphere, but we still had life. Maybe very simple life or just ocean life, but life did exist. So just because we do not detect oxygen in an atmosphere does not necessarily mean that life does not exist on that planet. It is very difficult to directly study these planets. We can't explore them. There's no way to send spacecraft to them, especially those when we get outside of our solar system. We need to use indirect methods to be able to study these.  So we need to use indirect methods to be able to study them. So let's finish up here with our summary. And what we found is certainly so far, life has been found only on one planet and that would be the Earth. That is the only place that we know of that any kind of life exists. We can look within our solar systems, Mars, and Salatus Titan as being several good examples as where life might exist, maybe some kind of simple life. And outside of our solar system, we wanna look for Earth-like planets around sun-like stars. Does that mean life couldn't exist under other conditions? Not necessarily, but it does mean that that's where we're going to be most likely to look for life because that's the kind of life that we think might be able to exist. Until we can actually detect life that forms under other conditions, we don't know for sure if life can form under those extreme conditions. We do know that life can form, and at least formed once, based on carbon and with liquid water. So that concludes our lecture on life beyond Earth. We'll be back again next time for another topic in astronomy. So until then, have a great day, everyone, and I will see you in class.


Class 1.10 includes an online homework system called Enhanced WebAssign. To complete your assignments, you need to register with WebAssign. This registration process requires two items. One, an access code. This was packaged with your text, can be purchased in the bookstore, or purchased online from WebAssign directly. This tells the system that you have purchased copy-written material from the publisher. You will also need a class key. This is provided by your instructor. This tells the system into which professor's grade book you should be placed. First step in registering is to go to www.webesign.net. Please be aware that it is .net. Next, on the right-hand side of that page, you will see Account Login. And below the Login key, you will see I have a key. That's what we need. Press that. Your class key should have the GVSU and then four numbers. Then followed by four more. And then press Submit. Now my class key has been recognized. I want to verify that I am in the right course. This is Math 110, section 21. The instructor is Bethany Welling from Grand Valley State University. Yes, this is my class. Click on that. Now you will need to create a WebAssign account. Click I need to create a WebAssign account and continue. We need to fill in the login information. Your preferred username. The easiest way to do it is to use your first and last name with nothing in between them. And then check for availability. It is available so I can put in my password. Notice it has six characters and has to have at least one letter and one number. There I am by re-entering. Then fill in the required fields of first name, last name, email and ID. Student ID. After that we can click Create Account. Now you have created your account and you can log in. You will have 14 days from class start date to access WebAssign without your access code. You must have an access code after this date to take your home with finance. While in your account you can register your access code later by clicking on enter and access code now. Which will be here. But we are going to continue with my trial just so that we can see what it looks like. Continue. You see your assignments listed here.


Welcome to my Tantric Winter Meditation Journey. So here we are again on step two of our Tantric Winter Meditation Journey. I hope you've been practicing what we did last week because I will be referencing a couple of those elements. Not exactly the same thing but similar with tiny little differences because it is these differences I want you to become really familiar with. It is these differences, these tiny little movements that will change the power as well as the energy of each type of exercise, of each type of meditation that you do. So today's meditation, a lot of people think that it is for peace of mind. Some people will say that it's actually for relieving stress but in Tantra we actually believe that this is the meditation that you do to remove that one thing which is the root cause of all your blockages. It removes that one clash, that one poison that impedes every kind of success in your life. Success meaning anything from whether it's at work or it's in your studies or in your relationships, anything. This is the one thing that impedes it. I'm going to teach you the exercise first and then I'll explain. Now as with last week, legs in this position, pelvis open, knees apart, heels together, hands.  Except for one thing, tuck your chin in just a little bit. Not hugely, don't do this. Just tuck it in a little bit. Okay, now the stomach. Hold the core in very, very tight and when I say very tight, I mean that when you breathe now, you should be breathing up and down and not in and out. So strong core and finally the position of your eyes. Now in this meditation, the position of your eyes is very important.  Okay, but remember, not strong eyes. Okay, not angry eyes, not wide open eyes. Very, very soft focus eyes. Just looking downwards. Very soft focus. If you are more of an earth element person, looking down might make you feel very sleepy. In which case, you actually move your eyes upwards. However, if you're able to manage looking down, that is the best place for your eyes to be. So in tantra, we say that whatever position you put your outer body in, those are the channels of energy that will open up on the inside as well. Now I know after last time, a lot of people wrote in and said, oh, you know, it's a bit cold, can we lie in bed and do this particular meditation or can we wrap ourselves in a duvet or a reside to stay warm? Well, I guess anything is possible, but we do believe that how you position your body impacts directly on the channels that open up on the inside. So I would suggest that you actually put yourself in the correct position and whatever channels of energy open up inside your body, that will impact your state of mind. That will decide how you think and feel on that day. However, here's the interesting thing. They say in tantra that there is no direct internal connection between the channels of energy and the mind and that that connection has to be made through the eyes, which is why the positioning of the eyes where you actually place your eyes and the disposition of the eyes, which means how strongly they depict an emotion is very, very important to your meditation. So whether your eyes are looking hard, whether they're looking angry, whether they're looking soft will define how those channels of energy reach your mind. Finally, this movement of just tucking your chin in slightly. It's a very tiny movement. Again in yoga, they say that this is what helps you to not get distracted. In tantra, we say, however, that this little movement will break the circuit of energy, which means that now when you do this, your energy will start to flow downwards and outwards. So that is why we tuck the chin in on this particular meditation. So what is that one place that one poison that we're trying to expel from our body with this meditation? I guess the closest word for that in English is jealousy. Although I don't really like using that word because I think in English, it is a very tiny meaning. It doesn't have a huge concept attached to it. In Sanskrit, however, it had a much wider meaning. It encompasses a lot more emotions and thoughts than that little limited idea that we have of jealousy. And in tantra, we say that it is this one emotion, this one feeling of jealousy, which is the root cause. It is the primary blockage of anything that you choose to do. Even if you believe that it doesn't exist inside you, even if you believe that you have no jealousy, we're told that it always is present inside you. It exists in our subconscious. And this is the first thing that we actually have to get rid of. This is the first thing that we have to treat in order to go further. Now once again, as I said last time, just because you do this particular meditation, it doesn't mean that your jealousy or your feelings of jealousy will disappear automatically. It's about becoming aware of something. The moment you become aware of it, you start to work on it and that is half the battle one. This meditation is the first thing in the morning before you start anything else for six minutes. Now I'm going to give you seven days to practice this exercise to get used to this meditation and to see for yourself what benefits you are getting from it. Remember to like, comment, subscribe. See you on the next one.


My weaknesses are that I cry too easily. Hi everyone, this is Dr. Wallace. Today I'm going to ask you what are your weaknesses in your relationships? Too many. I don't think. Do I have any? I'm a really big people pleaser and I've been trying to work on that, but I feel like I end up losing my own identity and other people. Giving too much of yourself away can be detrimental to a relationship because you always have to put your own oxygen mask on first. For a long time I've been so interested in being accepted in life that I'll change who I am depending on who I'm with. I didn't know much about setting my own boundaries until recently and it's still something I'm working on a lot. I have a big heart and I really care and so I think that sometimes leads me into trouble where I'm just exhausted because all I ever want to do is help other people. And so I end up going above and beyond maybe for people that don't reciprocate it back. Like time and time again this happens where I get bit back by almost doing too much and then being let down but maybe them not doing nearly as much for me as I had done for them. My weaknesses are that I cry too easily and I despite what I just said about feeling like I can trust him with anything I have trust issues so I always think something's going on. What are your weaknesses in your relationships? You can talk about today. Oh yes I have very very very bad patience, very bad tempo and I don't want to lower my protection like a hattichu when they get attacked they roll over and they the the pokey thing come out. Hattichu, I need a translation here. I really strive to be authentic with myself and how I feel so being inauthentic can be a weakness for sure. Miscommunication that's like the biggest like weakness probably amongst every single relationship there will be miscommunications you'll say something to people interpret it differently and it's about how effectively you can communicate so. I think my biggest weakness is talking too much about it so even when I know that I should not be talking about it or it's if it's something on the back of my head I need to get it out I never really have any limiter to stop me which is I guess the worst part about you know. Weakness maybe is I'm unpredictable like one day I make I may say yeah I want to go to Hawaii yeah and then sometimes my girlfriend convinces me not to do that but sometimes I just say let's book ticket to Hawaii and then just go. There's a lot of things she loves to do that I don't and quite often if she wants to go do those things I really do not. So do you like dance? Dance or taking pictures or things like that it's I really actually do not enjoy those things at all and so quite often I find it very very difficult to agree to participate in those activities or even you know we're out and about and she wants to take a picture or something I'll complain can we just enjoy the the scenery just enjoy the experience so that's something I would say I I definitely have room to improve on. My main weakness is impatient and getting angry really fast. My weakness is fear and wanting to change everybody and everything to force everybody progress healing it's like I'm taking their own will because I want to see a better world a better place. These are not questions that are going to endanger our relationship right?


Good day. This is Professor Resnick again and I want to continue this presentation of Marx in which he is beginning to analyze the business cycle in capitalism. So you're continuing to read in volume one capital that the stuff that has been assigned to you and here Marx is beginning to develop this idea of the business cycle and once again to remind where we are, this is in the examination of how capitalist can expand their mass of surplus. So this is the second way that capitalist can do this and the expanding their mass of surplus, the SV with the same rate of exploitation, can lead in society to this business cycle. All right. I want to pick up where I left off last time if I can remember correctly, which is the capitalists have to pay higher prices, costs for their inputs, not just labor power means of production but credit and land and so forth, etc. and that can create problems for them. But then as I said last time, there's no necessity for those problems to occur. There's no necessity for this downturn. I want to examine that. The first thing I want to focus on is workers. It is true that when there is an expansion, when K-stop plus Lambda is positive, that the changes in the labor power and the means of production market and other markets as well increase costs to capitalists. But also we have an increase in market wages of productive and unproductive laborers. Their earnings rise. So on one hand, the increased cost to business, which can may lead to a downturn, occurs along with increased earnings of workers productive and unproductive in the labor power market and that can increase the demands for the wage goods and help capitalists expand. So we've got two different things going on in the society, two different consequences of capitalist expansion. We'll have to use our language. You have two different kinds of over-determinance, which are occurring, which are impacting the economy in these two different ways. So let me examine analytically this first one. Workers, so I'm examining now the impact of workers. We already went through the cost of the capitalist. Let's take the per worker. They get a price of labor power equal to the V plus this subsumed class revenue that they're getting per worker. So this extra that we had before, this deviation of price from the value of labor power, that was that extra that I had in the blackboard. So let's examine all the workers, okay? So then they get times L times H. That's all the workers times the hours they work. This then is the value of labor power, V times the LH, plus this price of labor power minus the V L times H. So I'm multiplying this first equation by L times H. Or altogether the workers are getting a value of labor power plus this subsumed class revenue that goes to the workers. And that's the extra subsumed, that's equivalent to the subsumed class payment. That's the same as the subsumed class payment that the capitalists pay to workers. And this is received by workers, okay? What does this mean? This means now that the workers, all the workers have higher wages that they can use to go out and purchase consumer goods. So this impacts another market. This is the price of wage goods, V goods. Remember there's two different kinds of goods. There's C goods and V goods. So this means that in this supply of V, demand for V, supply of these consumer goods, demand for consumer goods, TV sets, automobiles and so forth, the demand shifts to the right. Why? Because workers have higher incomes. This is their income. So their incomes go up and they can spend more. This implies an increase in the demand for V goods and that's what I just did in this graph. So this is your TV market, this is your automobile market, your food market, your housing market. All these different markets are then affected by the higher incomes and workers demand more and hence the prices of all these goods tend to rise. By the same logic, this is the means of subsistence markets but if we look at the capitalists, the capitalists are receiving higher prices for the stuff that they're selling. So I don't want to lose the logic here. The higher costs to capitalists of purchasing means of production also means that those capitalists that are producing and selling means of production are benefiting from this kind of unequal exchange. Let me take an example that when you're watching this today. The capitalists who are purchasing energy to produce their commodities have a cost, a higher cost. They have to pay more for the energy. That's a subsume class payment that they have to make. On the other hand, the higher energy is a benefit to those capitalists who are producing energy. And so they can sell, that's what I have here on the whiteboard, they can sell C plus V plus S, they can sell their energy at a higher price, I'll put the C, they can sell their energy at a higher price and they're benefiting from this. Because they can sell this at a higher price. You see that? That's what we have over here. I'm sorry, that's another market. Same logic though, supply of C, demand for C. So here we have the supply of C, we have the demand for C, energy. And the demand has shifted to the right. So the price of oil, price of energy is rising and this is benefiting these producers. So this is an increase in the price of energy. So they take their energy, they bring it, this is what it costs in value terms, but they can sell it for a higher price. So here the deviation is, once again, the price is higher than the, I'm assuming, the unchanged value. And that's then an extra revenue that these capitalist sellers, workers as sellers, capitalist as sellers receive. Okay? We focused on the last lecture on the bias. We're focusing now on the sellers. So what does this mean? Well the capitalist can sell their stuff for something extra. That's a subsumed class revenue that these capitalists receive because the other capitalists who are buying the energy, they have to take a cut of their surplus to get access to this energy market and pay higher prices. So the subsumed class payment that they have to pay, that's a subsumed class revenue that these capitalists receive. That's the same logic here. This is a subsumed class revenue that the workers receive, which is a subsumed class payment that these other purchasing capitalists have to make. So notice something.  That is they get a surplus value, but they get this subsumed class revenue. I'll put in my denominator here. So there, I'm going to call this a market rate of profit. Their market rate of profit has increased as a result of this expansion. Because this is positive and hence they're doing better. So the cost to the buying capitalists is the benefit to the selling capitalists. The cost to the buying capitalists of labor power is the benefit to the sellers of labor power. So let me try and put this together now. Okay, then I want to focus on capitalist business here, if I may. So I have capitalists who are producing and selling consumer goods. So I'm going to go back now.