This is a 15-year-old female. She had a volleyball injury. Evaluate for anterior cruciate ligament tear. I'm going to go three up. You can go two up if you wish. I'm going to pull down my axial, my coronal, and my sagittal water-weighted sequences. Now if I'm after patello femoral disease, I prefer an axial gradient echo with fat suppression. Very often I'll use a T1 gradient echo with fat suppression, but for my garden variety knee, high-quality, high-resolution T2 weighted imaging is just fine. T2 imaging is there to help you with injury dating. No, I don't mean Cupid.com. I mean dating. Is it old? Is it new? Is it subacute? So it is not a detection sequence. It is a refinement sequence. Now the fat suppression T2 pretty good, but not my first choice for detection. My first choice for detection is the proton density fat suppression, which is on the far right. This is my detection sequence, and I prefer to have a TE of 40. T is a little too short here. T shouldn't go below 40 or above 50 in a PD fat suppression spur, special, or spare. Detection, pretty good detection. Dating. I'll also have a T1 weighted image. This is my fat-weighted anatomy image. It's also a very strong skeletal sequence. I'll also have some specialized views. For instance, I'll have a view right along the line of the anterior cruciate ligament right there. If the cruciate ligament runs like this, then my sagittal will go right down the barrel of that, and it'll be a sagittal oblique. This one happens to be very up and down, so it's almost a straight sagittal, but it shows what we needed to show, which is the status of the anterior cruciate ligament. It's pulverized. What is all that stuff? Blood, gore, inflammatory tissue, pseudoligament. There's nothing there. We can confirm that in the coronal projection. There's our ACL. It's going on the road to nowhere, right? It stops right there. That is all ripped, destroyed tissue. But this is the meniscal section, so there's got to be more wrong than just that, right? Now, I haven't shown you one other pulsing sequence called gradient echo. Gradient echo is used for articular evaluation, for cartilage, for interarticular bodies, and we'll see a lot of gradient echo coming up. So that's a brief introduction to the pulsing sequences. So I'm sure many of you have noticed the medial collateral ligament is abnormal, especially at its distal attachment site. We can't evaluate the medial collateral ligament by layers, an outer layer, cruise layer, a middle layer, the tibial collateral ligament. Unfortunately, it's also called the superficial portion of the deep MCL, so it has a weird name. Let's go with one, two, and three for simplicity. There are some other nomenclatures that are used, too. But as we get deeper, we get into the capsule and the meniscocapsular attachments, like the meniscofemoral attachment. It should go here. It is over here ruptured. The menisco tibial attachment or coronary ligament, it should be nice and tight. Not like a swing right here, or a loop, or a j-hook. It shouldn't look like that. It should be tighter. It's stretched. It's abnormal. So all three layers of the MCL are abnormal. So I've looked at this case, and in five seconds on the coronal image, I know what happened. I know this patient had a valgus pivot shift. How do I know that? The bone pattern, anterofemoral, condyle, and paction fracture. And the MCL is destroyed. So it had to be. It absolutely had to be this. Let me get my model. There had to be a valgus event. And there also had to be a pivot shift, whereby the tibia is shifting backwards relative to the femur. So it was a valgus event and a shift. And those two things produce a series of other abnormalities, a cascade. I know what I'm looking for. I'm looking for an ACL. I'm looking for an MCL. Or, said another way, the ACL and the MCL tells me it's a valgus pivot shift. Now that I know it's a valgus pivot shift, I'm going to the sagittal to make sure that the back of the menisci are okay. Because remember, when you do this, when you do this, when you pivot shift that knee, when you translate, when you have translation of the femur on the tibia, what happens to the structures that attach the menisci in the back? They're under stress. They injure. They tear. They rupture. And these are known as meniscocapsular injuries or ramp lesions. Another stream of consciousness abnormality that has only become apparent in its importance in the last five years. We've got a problem laterally. So on the lateral side, you should have a lateral meniscus that does this with two fascicles, a superior and an inferior fascicle, right there. They should be right here. And instead, we've got something that looks like mush gray, intermediate signal intensity tissue. Let's see if we can find any attachment.  There's another piece of an attachment. This is all capsule. Here's a semblance of an attachment. So there is a meniscocapsular tear. I don't use the word separation unless I see the meniscus migrating. But technically, the meniscus is separated. But I use that as a more severe, more abundant term. And I use it when the meniscus is flipped or moved or migrated. This one is forward a little bit. So I would call it a meniscocapsular tear laterally involving the superior and inferior fascicular attachments that go through the popliteus hiatus that's going in the body. And in the conclusion, it'll say postural lateral meniscocapsular detachment. Let's go over to the medial side. Okay, let's blow this one up. I'd like you to follow along with me if you can. You can see me on the screen. Now, if you look very carefully, there is swelling in the capsule. This is all the capsule right here. That line is an injury to the capsule. And that is a vertical tear right at the interface between the meniscus and the capsule. It virtually goes from top to bottom. This is a ramp lesion. So we can grade ramp lesions. Let's do that. Some of our surgical colleagues are very interested in these. One of my colleagues called me up and said, hey, have you ever heard of a ramp lesion? I said, yeah, about seven years ago. He's a sports medicine doc. So it has just entered the orthopedic community in the last three or four years. He said, how many do you have? I said about 5,000. He said, oh, let's write a paper. I said, well, okay. If you can get me some fellows to help me, I'll be happy to write that paper of our 5,000 ramp lesions. Why am I telling you that? Not to impress you because it's so common. It occurs with virtually every pivot shift. So we can grade them. If you have a little lesion on the bottom, it's a one. If you have a little lesion on the top, it's a two. Actually, I'll take that back. I'm sorry. If you have an injury back here in the capsule, it's a one. If you have an abnormality on the bottom, it's a two. If you have a partial abnormality on the top, it's a three. If you have it all the way from top to bottom with the capsular injury like we have here, maybe the bottom almost involved, it's a four. If you have a second vertical tear, now it's a five. Ramp one, two, three, four, and five. What can we get out of the axial? Well, we can see the MCL injury, but mostly the axial is to look at the patellofemoral articulation, its shape, its contour. And this patient has a natural arthrogram. You don't need to put contrast in this joint, which by the way we almost never do an orthopedic MRI anymore in any joint because it's not necessary once you reach expert level. Now you can also scroll around and look at the anatomy, if you're familiar with it, and one piece of anatomy that sticks out is this one. What is that object? That is the dead laying down stump of the anterior cruciate ligament. It's a pseudo mass. You can see it right there. It's kind of a pseudo mass rolled up in the fat. So what would the conclusion look like in a case like this? Pattern of micro and macro-tribecular, depressed fracture, subcortical, anterolateral femoral sulcus with MCL class three injury or tear. Period. Findings consistent with pivot shift mechanism of injury that includes A, miniscule femoral detachment, B, postural medial, ramp lesion, type two, C, anterior cruciate ligament, transaction, and then the effusion and the rest of the stuff would go in the body of the report. So ACL, MCL, miniscule capsular injury on the medial side, and one more thing I forgot to add in the conclusion, postural lateral miniscule capsular detachment. Well, there's a lot more in that case than you thought, right? You thought ACL, MCL. I bet some of you didn't think there was meniscus pathology and you would be wrong. Shall we move on? Question. Do I talk about pleica? Everyone has a pleica. Pleica are embryologic septal reflections. Pleica, uncommon to rarely produce symptoms. Most commonly, superpatellar and medial parapetella. So no, because it's a normal variant and is present in every person. I don't talk about pleica unless the patient has anterior knee pain. The patient has pain with sitting as I'm doing right now. The pain gets better when they stand up and walk around and is relieved. And it's a patient at risk for pleica syndrome, somebody that's sitting a lot during the day. And I don't have another explanation for the patient's clinical syndrome. So I wouldn't use up your valuable time talking about pleica. Otherwise, that'll be two sentences in every report you ever give for the rest of your life. Not a good use of your time. But sometimes it is relevant. Are there any other questions? Let's go.


Hi, I'm going to show you a very easy way to share any of your discovery, education, resources, or materials right into your Google Classroom. So the first thing you have to do is have your Google Classroom set up and your students already enrolled. The next thing is go to the material you wish to share. So I'm looking at this Sharks video right now and I really want to put that in my Google Classroom as an assignment. Underneath the material, there's the Share button. When you click on the Share button, the pop-up will come up. Where do you want to share it to? We're going to choose the Google Classroom icon. Another pop-up will come up and it will ask us which classroom do we want to post this to. I'm going to choose my Discovery Education demo class. And now I have a choice of what type of action. Creating assignment, ask a question, make an assessment or announcement, and create material. I'm going to make this an assignment so my kiddos have to watch it. I click the Go button. And now I can fill in more information about that assignment. The title from Discovery Education is already there, so I can leave that. If I have any special directions, I can put them in here. I can also change the point value. I'm going to make this an ungraded assignment because I just want them to watch it. I don't need a due date, but I'm going to put this in my topic of today. So it's right at the top of my list. If I have any other resources I want to attach, I can do it right through here. And then I have my three choices of how I'm going to assign it. I can assign it right now so it goes live immediately. I can schedule it so it turns on at a later date. Or I can save it as a draft so maybe I want to edit it some more. I'm ready to assign it for my students, so I'm going to click the Assign button. It'll be assigned directly into that classroom. And to view it to make sure it's in there, I click the View button. It's going to open up my Google Classroom. All I have to do is go to my Classwork tab. And in that today is that assignment I just posted. So if I open it, I can see all the information right there. Super easy, really fast, directly from Discovery Education, right into your Google Classroom. Easy to do. Hope that helps.


Vsih je odličil, ki so, da sem, da se pravimo, o če, da se pravimo, in najbolj, da imam dobro vsočen, vzvečem v dalje več, da je zelo. Vse je objevo, da sem malo. Vse je objevo, da sem vsej okaz, in je to ne objevo, ...sak je moja kvalitka vseč, zato sem država. Vseč sem vzelo ljube. Vseč sem kvalitka, da se pravno se vseč, ...e sem 193 cm način, ...95 kg, nekaj je način 100, ...zato vseč, da sem vseč na različenje. ...e sem vseč vseč. Zelo je zelo neče spet. Zelo je po nekaj, nič z vsej, in z vsej. In, da je Google, Google je vse. Na čem tega vsejh bolje bolj, boš našli 95% vsej vajdej, način, v ročnih, če je zelo čeč. Zato pa bi smo zelo vzelo, da je vse vzelo pravko kukajčenje, ne si vzelo vzelo, da je vzelo vzelo, da je jaz nesel. To je zelo vse nesel, da je vzelo vzelo, bo, da je vzelo vzelo, da je zelo vzelo, da je zelo vzelo vzelo, nešto je na različen počutker bolj, meni in nožiti. To je zelo, da je veliko vršao, ki je vse je diskriminativa. Selo, da je mene pri watering in koče, ne bo, da se se prikupimo. To se prikupimo s nekako in kako je z autobasovana grupa. To je z bilo, da se prikupimo s autobasovana grupa ne bo, da se prikupimo. zato je bilo tako, ko sem ne zelo museli pošličiti in pošličiti, bo so videli, da so imeli čas in ne bojo, da ne odpočujemo. In hrvali sem vse kočenosti v zdolju 12v leti, pri vač novom kriju, kaj mi je tudi odpočil. Zdaj sem povedal 150 ljudi v dagu in 149 ljudi. Zdaj je zelo konstrukačnja sajta. Kaj je najbolj nekaj vse na konstrukačnji sajte? Vsi, ki so vse na konstrukačnji sajte. Zdaj sem povedal ljudi v dagu. Nič sem. Zatim sem vse na zelo vte. Zajte je vse na 15 ljudi, ki so vse zelo vse začal. Vse sem povedal ljudi vse na konstrukačnji sajte. Zdaj sem povedal ljudi vse na konstrukačnji sajte. Zdaj sem se povedal ljudi, da se je vse na konstrukačnji sajte. Zdaj sem se povedal ljudi, da se zelo vse nekaj vse povedal ljudi. I greš dobro? Ne, je odrčena. Prvno, da lahko se prišli, da je v vrtystih komunitiv, da je priča vrtystih komunitiv, je, da tudi še zvrtično, začalično, izgledačno, prišlično z zvrtično, ga je še, da so prišli, je čutko, da je vrtična, zvrtična, vrtična z zvrtično, oto se, da je vrtična, Here are hipsters of the community. We are really. However we are using those words more like a buzzwords. Not like something we've really given some effort into it and not something we think we work on... but it's something we like to talk towards. We're great in the communities. Vseh se počutili za vseh tudi. Poblžite mi, da se vseh vseh tudi vseh vseh vseh vseh vseh vseh. Vsi je z vseh vseh vseh vseh. Spravite mi nekaj izgled, da se vseh. Vseh nekaj, da se vseh vseh izgleda. Vseh nekaj najdemo vseh je vseh, nekaj nekaj nekaj, In različno so nekaj sem staroč, daam nekaj na karieti, in da je to neutokratno двигati. Kako se ni nisem, prejdaš comingo delaj v lokalnih bogu vresnih komunitih, je to ne extends, zazvalo, drugoj gravesiti in to vso vse komunitih. V sej lokalnih komunitih, sa večzakom. ... is not a place to start in tree... ... and it's expected to happen in that high... ... let's say the biggest conference, but you need to start in... ... your local community, in your meet-up with 20 people that is... ... a place to start. It's too late when we come to Word Compure. And once I was in Philadelphia for a Word Comp... And the room of my colleague was on 47 floor and it costed more than the rooms on the 10 floor, where the rest of the guys were. And I forgot to say why the rooms on the top floors are more extensive than on the lower floors especially because it was a smoker then, And I need too much time with the elevator to reach the ground floor, to get outside, and receptionist told me probably because they have a better view on the top floors. And that is why we have now something that I call an awareness elevator, and you will figure out why this awareness elevator is so important. T услов間i, na prVE lev Giving vision About diversity, about what is happening, about inclusivity, about community Because you have too many buildings around And you can't see anything except the place that you are If you are on the second level Some buildings around you are shorter So you can see a bit better than guys on the level 1 And level 3 is clear visibility tako da se vse zelo vse, kako je vse. Na primer ljudi se vse zelo, kako je zelo. Kaj je problem tudi? Zelo sem zelo v Belgrade in sem vse zelo vse zelo. Vsi je zelo, da ne bo vse zelo.  I say, what is the difference if he's gay or not? Yeah, before I find out I can communicate normally and everything, but when I find out if they tell me I'm a bit different, so that is that adversity. You don't feel comfortable if you're surrounded by some people that you're not accepting so easily because you don't know enough about them. And it's okay, but we need to change that. That was okay, but we need to change it from that lowest level like local meetups and everything else. On level 2, probably the most of us are on this level somewhere. We know that it's morally normal to have that diversity inclusivity, but someone else will do it instead of us. We don't have to do anything, someone will. Because it's sensitive topic and we shouldn't talk about that too much because someone maybe will hate us because of this. Someone will maybe hate me after my talk today, but more or less I don't care if I help someone with this talk from marginalized group because I was helping enough to white, Caucasian, male, straight, et cetera, et cetera. It's time to help someone else. And on third level, you have to read this, to focus and to read this. The people, especially on leading positions like CEOs and leading big projects, knows how important diversity is for the projects and they know how huge value diversity is bringing to a company, to a product and to better executing tasks. Let's practice something together. Do we have mic runner here? Awesome. I will need the mic. Thank you. First of all, require the situation when you felt excluded from some activity by a group.  Just close your eyes and try to recall situation when you felt excluded from a group. Let's do it. One, two, three, close your eyes. All of you, okay? And recall some situation when you felt excluded from a group. Some, don't be shy. Anyone? You were never excluded from any activity, ever. No? You are lucky ones. But I think that you lie. Definitely. Because it's not possible. Yeah, they are shy. Why are you shy? We were friends here. Imagine that this is not friendly environment. How shy would you be? That you are from some marginalized group and this is the place. This is not friendly for you. How would you feel then? You are not feeling comfortable to raise your hand in friendly environment. Probably we are shy because we feel ashamed that we were excluded. Excluded people feel guilty about the exclusion. Yeah, that's the point. But with discrimination we are doing that every day to those people from marginalized groups. You were excluded from some activity maybe couple of times in your life. And you feel bad about that and you are shy to talk about that. And what is the energy now in this room? Not so good, huh? We are all like, hmm, we shouldn't be talking about this. Let's do the same thing, but a bit better. I want to say that we don't want to talk about these topics. Oh, yeah, awesome. I know. I know that's the point. That is why I talk about that in public. Let's recall the situation when you felt included by some activity in the group and you didn't expect that you will be included. Like someone invited you and you were like, you could have invited me for this event. I never expected that I will be invited. If there are probably different energy, I see some faces smiling, changing from that sad face from before. So you need to know that how you felt first time when you closed your eyes and how you felt the second time. When we talk about being included in some activity, it's completely different energy. You're smiling, first time you're all watching in the floor and shy to talk about that. Can't you do this? Imagine how people from marginalized groups feel every day. Every morning when they wake up, they experience some kind of discrimination, some kind of exclusion from a group where they probably want to belong to. They would like to belong to some group or whatever human being to have that wish to be a part of some group of something. When we say discrimination, probably especially because Bulgaria is now in the European Union, that discrimination by any type of discrimination is kind of, let's say, a halk term, like discrimination. We are not doing that. We have pride parade or something like that. So you think it's enough.  So we are doing enough. We have pride, we will let them walk and that's it. For LGBTQ in example. So one day in a year, we gave them one day in a year and that's it. We are done. We are in so cool community because we will give them 365 days. They can have one. It's happening actually discrimination every single day, right next to you because probably you don't know. You are doing that every day subconsciously and you don't know that you are doing that. And probably very often you are doing that because of your religious or other beliefs. When we talk about religions, can you agree that if we say Islam, that probably all of you will think that that is the most aggressive religion in the world because they always have some. I see some terrorist organization with Islam in the back but let me remind you that we have 100 sects based on Christianity who killed 100 members, 1000 members or whatever. So that is just weird Christians and they are Muslims so they are more aggressive. If you ask Muslims, they would say the same thing for Christians. So you need to switch shoes every time when you think about someone else. You need to understand why they are doing something and why they are like that. Discrimination is actually okay sometimes. It's okay when you are discriminating historically privileged group like me. If you don't give me a job, if you hire this woman instead of me, it's okay because the man was hired over a woman million times in the last 100 or 200 years. So if you hire one time woman over a man, it's fine but maybe I will not feel like that. Also it's okay when you reject a blind person for the position of a bus driver because obviously the blind person can drive a bus. Also it's okay when a woman or a man rejects to be examined by an opposite gender genicologist or urologist because that woman or a man could feel uncomfortable to be examined by a different gender doctor.  In this case there is also one more thing really interesting. Maybe the owner of that restaurant is not discriminating. He is discriminating only because he thinks that if he hires a colored person he will lose his guests for white supremacy. So sometimes it can happen that you don't want that you don't want to discriminate but you think that you are forced to and this is very often situation. Also it's never okay to say I don't want to be examined by a different skin color doctor or a different religion. It's okay different gender but not different. It's not okay to reject a woman for a bus driver position because probably the woman is more than capable to drive a bus than the same as any man. And there is something that we call positive discrimination. This is the very important thing and this is the good thing to do. What we can do for the positive discrimination? We can hire a woman over a man because every time when we have some hiring process probably 95% of applications in the IT industry are for men. And maybe 5% are women. Hire a woman over a man. Give them a chance. I don't hire any person from marginalized groups instead of me. So I'm average. So every time when I say me it's white, Caucasian, male, middle-aged, soul. I had all the benefits of my race and of my skin color all my life. And accept a woman's speaker for a word can polar a man. Every time when you are doing vetting accept woman rather than a man, there is always someone to be invited to speak because 95% of speakers in the last 10 years were men. Now it's a better situation but still we don't have process and procedures but we are doing that because we think it's okay. Extra mile. Not just accept and not just hire is someone applies. Reach out for a woman when hiring. Reach out for any person from marginalized groups and reach out for a woman speaker. How? When you are organizing a word camp there is a lot of meetups like women in tech, front-end developers, ladies, our ladies. Ask them. Sign them an email and say, look, we are organizing a word camp and we would like some of you to share your experiences with jazz, to share your experiences with our language. And very often we say, yeah, but we had only 5 woman applications and 37 men, so that is why we have that ratio like only 10% of women. Why? As I said, if you hire a woman over a man it's not a big deal because I was hired so many times over a woman. Is it fair? Well, as I said, it might feel unfair for me to have her hired on my position if we have same competences because only because of one reason. Because we read the spoilers of the white male privilege for so long so we are doing this for centuries. It's not something that we are doing for less than 10 years. We are doing this for centuries. We were conquering North America, Central America, South America, India and we have them colonized for centuries, for thousands of years. And now when someone from those colonized countries should be hired over a white man we are not feeling good about that because we are used to be hired over them. We are used to be hired over a woman because women couldn't run Boston Marathon until 1973. It's like 6 years before I was born. It's not 100 years ago. It's 40 years ago. It's not ages, it's years. And we are so spoiled that we can't accept that someone is hired over us. Probably because of those... Our DNA changed by years and that is how we are doing discrimination. And we think that we are not doing that.  And step by step I realized that actually it's not only me, it's entire community but we are doing that passively. We are not aware of that that we are discriminating. Just by doing nothing we are discriminating enough. Is there a more relevant person for the discrimination? Of course no. Five minutes. I'm almost done. Let's do something. You should try to get to know someone from LGBTQ, immigrants or racial minority, people with little or no economic resources. All of these are marginalized groups. Some women or the elderly, ex-convicts, drug addicts or illiterate. These are all marginalized groups. There lives are mostly in the loop.  And then we say, yeah, but they don't want to try. They did, they tried. Million times they failed. No one ever helped them. And of course they will not try. Especially for ex-convicts and why they are going back to prison because no one will hire ex-convict. And you don't know if neo-batterija niskor will be done soon. And people with disabilities. You will see that you have more than more things in common with them than you thought, than you ever think about. And you will see that you will have only maybe one difference with someone from marginalized group. And probably you have more differences with me than someone from marginalized group. Why? Let's do something. Which kind of music do you listen in electronic music? Can you raise your hand if you listen in electronic music? Ok. Rock. Awesome. Folk. And now just one guy. I expected this. Apple phones. Apple devices. Ok. Samsung. You know why we are doing this. You don't know.  Do you like more summer, winter or spring? Summer? Summer. Ok, winter. Ok, spring. Ok. And the last, your favorite color? Blue? Red? Ok, black? Ok. If you see who raised the hand probably every time it was mixed. Who is using Apple phone didn't have the same color with the person who liked the same music as he did. So all of you were mixed. Someone likes this, but use this. Someone likes this, but use that. Do you think that it doesn't really matter if there is some black person or LGBTQ person or a woman or a man? We were talking about something else. So probably there will be only one thing different between people from marginalized group and you. And it's sexual orientation, in example. But probably some of them are sharing more interest with you than someone for whom you think that is more compatible with you. The only compatibility of the person with different sexual orientation with you is maybe the only difference between you and that person. And you are listening to different kind of music. You like different kind of art. You like different kind of movies. You are not watching the same TV show. You like Game of Thrones. He likes something else. But with the person who has only one thing different from you and that is sexual orientation you have all other interests the same. So you are more compatible with that person than with the person that you thought. Because you were afraid probably. So that is why I said you know a person from each of marginalized group just to see how many things you have in common with them. Would you ever really spend an hour with me talking about football and about things that you really don't care about or with someone from some marginalized group who is sharing the same interest with you? Honestly. Who would like to spend an hour with someone from marginalized group rather than someone from let's say with me, because I'm pretty much. Of course, the most of us would rather spend an hour with someone from marginalized group. Why we are not doing that? Why we are still afraid of people from marginalized groups? In 21. century let's change it. Try to do what I said. Try to get to know someone from marginalized group. At least one person from each try to talk with them and to see how much we are failing in being humans. Just because we don't know how to let's say deal with differences. So, what I said equity is very important. What equity means? I will need four volunteers, not volunteers camp volunteers, but some people from audience. Oh awesome, you are here. What is equity? We have one small task. Come with me. And you can come. I like. So, I'm the tallest one. Precess. The task is simple. You need to touch the same spot as I'm touching right now. And I will stand here. No, you need to do it by your finger. Take it, take it, take it. So, this is equity. And stand next to me. And this is equality. That is equality. So, inequality, we have the same starting point. And it's not fair. Because I'm 10 centimeters taller than he is. And we have the same tasks. So, it's fine. It's the last slide, actually. So, I'm like in one minute precise. So, equity means giving the same level for everyone. So, if the task is to touch that point and I have advantage, they need to have the same advantage. So, if he is 10 centimeters more, you can 10 centimeters to climb on. Then we can compete for the position, for the same position. But if the task is like this, that they don't have anything to climb on, I will be in a huge advantage over them. So, that is equality. And every time when you say equality, recall this situation. So, equality is not enough, because equality is the same starting point. And we can't have said. If you are running 100 meters with the same bolt, you need to start running on 50 or 60 meters, because he will catch you. Even on those 40 he will catch you. But you need to have some advantage. Thank you. If you have any questions, thanks for being here first. If you have any questions for me, I will be around for like an hour. We also have one, we are starting one website. It will be diversityby.me. And we will have diversity map. You can find us, and you can find me WP Alex, if you have a company and you think that you are doing enough about diversity, or you think you are not doing enough, you can contact me. We will give you some advices how to improve processes and procedures. And we will put you on diversity map. There will be a map, you will be able to post block posts, to let's say share your experiences. There will be a great place, like good starting point, to share experiences in our community and to improve diversity and inclusivity. At least in our community and our industry. Thanks a lot again.


So it was a very early morning, and the mission was just to basically kill capture a high-value pig commander that was located up in Shock Valley with an undetermined amount of fighters. Made the flight in, once we got there, helicopters came to hover and we were expecting to land in this river bottom, and they just kind of kept hovering, so we were kind of looked at the crew chief and he just told us to go, and when we looked down it was like it was about a 10-foot drop off, unfortunately. It was just rocky and a lot more treacherous than we thought, which was not a great way to start the day. So I remember, specifically at that point, those of us in our element that was down in the river bed were basically merely just found cover behind some rocks. It was just kind of quiet, and then all of a sudden just everything kind of exploded all at once. Machine gun fire, some RPGs started going off, and then started returning fire up towards the village. That's kind of when things started getting a little haywire. Once we got up there, we saw immediately that Dylan was shot and then Luis was shot. Everybody else was kind of hunkered down, had decent cover but not the best cover. Scott and I kind of, with the captain kind of looked around, tried to figure out exactly what we wanted to do, how we were going to get the wounded guys out of there and then see what made sense from that point. I went down about halfway down, called a couple more of our guys and asked them to bring more commandos up so we could basically make a kind of a chain to help pass these casualties down because they were going to be on litters. I went up, I went back up to kind of see, assess that situation and then really figure out okay, like how we're going to handle this. And Scott was ambulatory so I mean he could walk.  I passed him, I gave him to Seth and asked Seth to take him. There's like a little house down kind of towards almost at the river bottom and that's where John was. His leg, he'd been shot in the leg, it basically was amputated so he wasn't able to move and then Ron still had Dylan and Luis to deal with who neither of them could move either because Luis was shot in the ankle and then Dylan in the hip. So I went back down about halfway again trying to establish a way like a corridor to kind of move these guys through. I knew we couldn't go up the same way that I'd gone the other times just because it had been getting pretty heavy fire so we there's like kind of a cliff face that went around to like a little outcropping that we basically I saw if we could scale across that we could get onto this outcropping and then we'd be able to come up from behind where those other guys were. Once we got linked up with everybody, Seth kind of pushed forward with his sniper rifle and was helping to provide cover. Dave and them had already found a route down and were helping to move cattle to east so we just continued to pull everybody else off that was up there, made sure we had all of our gear and then made our way down. We basically had to hold our ground the best we could so that the Medevac birds were comfortable enough flying in to expel those cattle tees and then you know then go from there so they were taking fire the whole entire time so they were awesome pilots but they came in and really I mean they saved the day really helping those guys get out of there but I think that day one of the worst predicaments that I've been in my life at that point the experience from that has helped me I think through my whole entire career just remain level-headed and focus on what needs to happen as opposed to what is happening. My current team leader always jokes that my heart rate never gets above 50 he's always wondering like why I don't ever get excited I don't think there's really nothing to get excited about right now. I'm very proud of him and I've always thought that he can do anything and deserves anything that comes to him but this award is really obviously a step above everything else. I was extremely proud of the Silver Star. I think it's an honor for me to receive it on behalf of the Special Forces Regiment really and kind of hopefully you know represent the regiment in a positive manner and really kind of help get the story out about you know what it is that that we're actually doing and what Green Brays are actually capable of.


My name is Marie Hebert. I work on the Southeast Asia program here at CSIS. So, I'd like to welcome all of you here, especially for this special occasion when we have His Excellency Jose Ramos Horta, who all of I think everybody in the room knows, but I'll introduce very briefly in December last year. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon announced that he was appointing Mr. Ramos Horta to become his special representative and head of the UN Integrated Peacekeeping Office in Guinea-Bissau. Mr. Ramos Horta is a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1996, and that was in response to his decades of work for East Timor's independence and peace and political stability and economic development. He served as president of Timor-Leste from 2007 to 2012 before that he served as prime minister and before that as foreign minister. So, he's had a lot of key posts. He hasn't been finance minister yet, I guess, but I'm just kidding. So, it's a delight, Your Excellency, to welcome you to CSIS. He's gonna speak for about 25, 30 minutes or so, and then we're gonna open it up for Q&A. Thank you. Please. It's a great pleasure to be here again in CSIS in Washington. I'm on a different official capacity, but unavoidably, I will talk a bit about experiences in Asia in dealing with peacemaking, and then I obviously will do my duty, update you on my new responsibilities in Guinea-Bissau. In September of last year, in Bangkok, soon after I left office myself, former deputy prime minister, foreign minister of Thailand, Dr. Surakirt, former vice president of Indonesia, Yusuf Kala, former foreign minister of Indonesia, Hassan Uryayuda, former deputy prime minister, foreign minister of Singapore, Jayakumar, great eminent international law professor, former speaker of the US, of the Philippine Congress, Jose de Venetio, former prime minister of Pakistan, Dr. Aziz, former prime minister of Malaysia, Badawi, and many others from Asia region. We gather following months of different discussions in Timor-Leste and elsewhere to set up an organization called Asian Peace and Reconciliation Council. If you look at, do a review of literature throughout Asia, you don't find a single organization, civic base that deals with second track diplomacy, offering ideas, solutions to conflicts in Asia, particularly one with former leaders, with regional and international authority and expertise and influence, because some of the former leaders, like Yusuf Kala, still carry enormous influence in his own country. He's actually now a busy spearheading a group dealing with Rohingya problem in Myanmar. We set up the group in answering to many of us question where are Asian leaders in living up to our collective responsibility in addressing the many challenges that the Asia region face. We hear optimistic assertions about the rising Asia. Yes, obviously Asia has been rising from 50 years, 40 years ago of extreme poverty in China and elsewhere to where today you can say the largest concentration maybe of liquidity is in Asia. The largest concentration probably of wealth is in Asia but Asia also is home to the largest, the percentage of poor people in the world, 60% of the world poor are in Asia. 40%, 50% of the world population is in Asia, but 60% of the world poor are in Asia. But Asia is also the most nuclearized region of the world, not in terms of quantity of nuclear weapons, but in terms of countries possessing nuclear weapons. And many in Asia think that there are shortcuts to superpower status. Why bother going through the route of United States? You first develop education, infrastructure, strong economy, then a strong army, and then maybe nuclear weapons. In Asia there are some who think there are shortcuts to superpower status. You don't have to resolve issues of extreme poverty, lack of access to clean water, lack of access to education, go straight shortcut by having nuclear weapons. That's the case of Pakistan, the case of India, but worse than that is the case of North Korea. So that is and unlike in Europe where you have two nuclear powers, UK and France, they don't point nuclear weapons at each other, they used to point them at Soviet Union, now no longer Soviet Union exists, so they don't know where to point it, so it's frozen somewhere. And the Latin Americans, they had wisdom not to go for the nuclear armed race. Africa also the same, but in Asia, many people seem to love nuclear weapons because it assures superpower status without having to resolve other fundamental problems. You have India, nuclear weapons pointing at their cousins, brothers and sisters from Pakistan and vice versa. And of course India's nuclear weapons pointing at China. Chinese nuclear weapons pointing at India and at the United States. North Korea with nuclear weapons pointing at everybody. And at South Korea, at Japan, at the United States as you have read and et cetera. Probably the only country not pointing nuclear weapons at is China. Then there are other almost intractable, insurmountable border disputes. Almost every country in Asia has border disputes that led to wars in the past. And today one of the issues that my organization, our organization, Asian peace records dealing with is the South China Sea disputes. We had a recent trip to Beijing. I wasn't part of it because it was impossible to reconcile my commitments in West Africa and having to rush to Beijing for that meeting. Although the Chinese side, my colleagues, insisted that I be part of it. And the Chinese side welcome our idea which we have to sell to everybody else. The claimant states in the South China Sea dispute on rather than trying to address the issue of the maritime boundary claims and counter claims, focus on joint development in the area. And that's where the Chinese side prefer. Next June, we will be going to the Philippines to discuss with the Philippines. For that particular meeting, I probably will go because of my personal relations with the Philippines but also because it coincided with my holidays. I now no longer criticize UN holidays. In the past, I noticed they have so many holidays and now I totally support it because they come very handy. So in June, I plan my holidays to go back to my country but also to join the meetings in the Philippines. The other issue that I was the one who raised in that meeting that we must pay attention to is Afghanistan post 2014, post US NATO withdrawal. Because I also often said and castigate my brothers and sisters in Asia. People always too ready to criticize Americans, less Europeans for whatever things that go wrong in Afghanistan. But no one else is trying to do anything to diffuse the problems in Afghanistan. Asian commitment to Afghanistan is very limited. If you do body counting in terms of number of troops from Asian countries there or development assistance or peacemaking initiatives, extremely minute when you look at the size of economies of Asia and so on. And US and NATO will live and the problem will not have been solved because of, we know the complexity, intractability of the challenges in Afghanistan. But Asian leaders have to accept the responsibility and try to do something about it. Maybe where the Soviets fail, NATO and America might fail, we don't know yet what will be outcome in 2014. Maybe diplomacy, Asian diplomacy will succeed. We will see. What is important is that we must do something about it. And when our group was in Beijing, I wasn't there, I said, the Chinese said, please do something about Afghanistan. And these are only some of the challenges that Asia face. In about three years ago when Prime Minister Hatoyama, when Hatoyama was Prime Minister, I was still president, I had a state visit to Japan and had two hours with him. And very, very fruitful conversation followed an initiative that I took with the then president of Maldives, Nashid, who is no longer president. Hatoyama is no longer Prime Minister. To persuade Asian leaders to take up an initiative on climate change and sustainable development. After the failures of Copenhagen, I was the only head of state who didn't bother going to Copenhagen because I knew there would be no reaching agreement. And Copenhagen was very expensive city. I didn't want there to go just to spend money. And the center was right, complete failure. The other two following meetings in Mexico and Durban, the same. And sitting with Nashid, I said, no, we must ask the two smallest countries in Asia, we must encourage leaders in Asia to have an Asian initiative on climate change and sustainable development. Enough of pointing fingers at the Americans and Europeans for pollution, for environmental degradation over the past 100 years. Because Asians itself, by the sheer pressure on the land because of its population, has responsibilities. We all extract something from nature. Just the survival of a human being in Asia because of the population pressure that brings us responsibilities, apart from the industrialization of India and China and everybody else. And there is no point continuing engaging in the blame game. Today, Asia is different from what it was 50 years ago. It has resources, manpower, know-how, scientists, and it has liquidity. So why not an Asian road map, an Asian vision on climate change and sustainable development? Mobilize something like a hundred billion dollars spread over 10 years, focus on three planting, putting back the trees, the hundreds of millions of trees that we took from the land, cleaning up the lakes, the rivers, the seas, restock the fish that been depleted by Asians by the voracious appetites for seafood in Hong Kong, Shanghai, restaurants, and in Japan. And I advise Japanese friends, why for a few years don't you all become vegetarians and stop killing dolphins? And whales, the Japanese didn't appreciate that advice. And well, Hatoyama, I told Hatoyama, because you recall he was elected around the same time as Barack Obama. And in Japan, he enjoyed talking about how similar they are, about same age. And I told him, you have a unique opportunity to change, to effect changes. Particularly in your relationship, Japan's relationship with Korea and China. You people have to get over World War II. And that is a two-way street, or three-way street. Meaning the Japanese have to take additional steps to pacify the Chinese who have the legitimate grievances and the vice versa. The Japanese, the Chinese side also have to stop. Every time there is some political, economic, trade disagreement with Japan, they bring up World War II. And Hatoyama said, I have instructed my staff to really look and see how we can dynamize relations with China and Korea. But in Japan, prime ministers don't last more than one year. Hatoyama lasted even less. So by the time, you know, and I continued the rounds, you know, in Singapore with Prime Minister Lee, with President Sussil, and in the meantime, few of the leaders I talked to were ousted. I was with Kevin Rudd in Australia. Australia never had a coup in 200 years of history. Well, I met with Kevin Rudd, he was Prime Minister, and he was the darling of the climate change fight. He became a star in the Bali conference. I was there on a state visit. I was having, he knew I liked port, in Portuguese port wine, so he invited me to his official residence one evening to meet and have a port. I noticed he was always on the phone and the people around was on the phone. There was some tension in the air. Well, somewhere else in the town, they were back stabbing him. And the next day, he hosted an official lunch for me in the parliament. By afternoon, he was overthrown in a bloodless coup. Yeah, you know, you're familiar with that. So, well, it looked like everyone I talked to. The last casualty was nashid of Maldives. That's why Barack Obama doesn't want to see me. Because he knows, I met him briefly in New York twice, four years ago, three years ago. And he knows of my record in causing.  So, I wanted with you just to introduce you the Asian Peace and Reconciliation Council. We are a new organization, started in September, with some exceptional, talented, gifted people. Professor Jayakumar, you know, foreign man of Singapore for many years, eminent international law professor. He's the one in charge of our task force dealing with South China. And I'm the one in charge of the task force on Burma. But I'm not very active at the moment because of my new responsibilities. And we look for partnerships with experts for one of the, however, Professor Paul Kennedy is one of our advisors. And we look for a technical partnership with ThinkTanks because we do not wish to have to reinvent the wheel if we need research on a particular area. There are so many expert bodies that can do that. So having said that, I turn now to Yenebisao because I agree, talk only for half hour. To, in October, but first let me say, in August, Secretary General Ban Ki-moon was in my country. I was no longer president at the time. And I told the Secretary General, please pay attention to the problem of the Rohingya in Myanmar, Burma. And I told him, normally, traditionally, the Secretary General has to consult with parties involved, countries, government, before he appoints a special envoy or a special representative. And I said, well, in the case of Myanmar, you don't have it to consult anyone because the Myanmar authorities do not recognize Rohingya as a people there. And the Bangladesh side is uncomfortable about it. So you could go ahead and point, I don't know whether he has done that. I don't think there is a special advisor to the Secretary General for Myanmar. He's not a special representative, title is Special Advisor. And then around October, November, I was approached whether I would be interested to be a special presenter of the Secretary General in Guinea-Bissau. I accepted with some hesitation. The hesitation had to do with the Asian Peace and Reconciliation Council. Some of my colleagues, like Dr. Surakiyot, initially he said, please don't, we are just starting, we need you here. But later, they all congratulated and relented. And why I accepted the challenge, similar challenges that we face in Timor-Leste, in nation building, peace building, healing wounds, rebuilding a country, building the state institutions. Guinea-Bissau is a typical case of all failures of political leadership. International disengagement, lack of international interest because it is not a country that is strategically vital to anyone except of some importance to its neighbors like Senegal, Guinea, Gambia, and so on. But primarily, the problem originates with a failure of leadership and that, hence, the international community does not engage in a sustained manner to push the leadership. Situation deteriorated over the years through mismanagement, through neglect. Poverty is widespread, state institutions are failing, justice system failed. So next comes an army that is unhappy. An army that is manipulated by political elites. Political elites that through normal elections wouldn't win a seat in the parliament. So what you do, you talk to the military, poison them, manipulate them about those who are in power, make promise to them, and the military stage a coup. And the new government still has not resolved the problems of the country or the problems of the military. I was familiar with Guinea-Bissau before. I was there in 2003, 2004, when I was 40 minutes of my country. The community of Portuguese-speaking countries, CPLP asked me to go there, so I went. And familiar with how things deteriorated over the years. But a bit like Somalia or about Mali, in the sense stretching the comparison, but why Somalia and Mali are what they are today through lack of international engagement. Early warnings about problems, ignore gloss over by the government in the capitals. Governments are fragile, weak resources unable to make the presence of the state felt in the far corners of the country. The far corners of the country are left to all kinds of illicit activities and groups. Kofi Annan, in a recent conversation with him, he said, I don't want the same to happen to Guinea-Bissau. I want about Somalia, I want about to Halif 20 years ago. But media and government react to earthquakes and to civil wars. When you have a simmering tensions, conflict, that is not a problem. How you describe that on a three minute or one minute TV news, you know, make no sense. How you write a story or convince the editors of the New York Times to send someone to talk about simmering tensions in a country. No, you, the story is when there's an earthquake like in Haiti or in Iran or Sichuan or when you have a major wars and conflict. So preventive diplomacy that could help the international community having safe lives, thousands of lives and save cost, enormous cost, are only a jargon in the international community. The UN has been advocating preventive diplomacy at least from the time of Boutrus Boutrus Gali when he put more emphasis on that. And yet, if you look at the way resources are allocated at the United Nations, first, it is the very member states, the powers that be with resources are the ones that for the past 20 years have been emasculating the United Nations organization. Less and less resources to the UN. In the sometimes I have to say, you know, I hope my remarks to the Security Council next week will not be censored. If they will not be censored, I will say this the following. I'm often amazed why a young fellow out of Harvard without experience, a MBA, goes to Wall Street, play few tricks and get millions of dollars package and if he mismanages his portfolio, he leaves even with a bonus. CEOs of banks, of insurance companies, get millions and millions of dollars. The price of the United States, I'm not divulging any secret because the salaries are public, who holds nuclear, you know, the bottom nuclear weapons, he makes something like $400,000 a year. Okay, you can see it, you know, he has the White House and you can even rent it because Bill Clinton used to rent the Secretary of the UN who has to manage relations of 192 countries and conflicts all over the world. He gets a miserable $300,000.  They make millions of dollars, it's scandalous and then governments who time and again tell the UN to cut off money to reduce, some don't even pay their bills to the UN system but they quickly find billions of dollars to rescue banks in the United States, in Greece, in Portugal, in Spain, in Ireland, everywhere in their little Cyprus. Billions of dollars, hundreds of billions of dollars and yet we are told again and again over the years there is no money for ODA. I was told in New York, I was there sitting there on the onset of the financial crisis. I was still president in the General Assembly. I heard every European leader one after another pledging that ODA will not fall casualty to the economic financial crisis.  And then you have a United Nations, particularly the Department of Political Affairs, a prime body that deals with preventive diplomacy has to count every penny to remain relevant when in fact if DPA, the Department of Political Affairs were to be allocated much, much more resources to hire experts, to outsource to expert bodies, to be deployed timely to places like in Abyssal a few years ago, it could have resolved the problem already by then or anywhere around the world. Yes, it would have prevented Mali from occurring. It would have saved the UN billions, the international community billions of dollars, it would have saved lives. Well, Guinea-Bissau is a prime example of the failures of the international community. Fortunately, Guinea-Bissau is also very particular people. And a few, two weeks ago, I spent almost a whole morning, well, whole morning plus part of the afternoon with one of the top politicians there, former president. He was ousted in a coup when actually, when I was sent there 2003, 2004, was to prevent the coup from happening. And but having spent time there and talking with him, I knew the coup was inevitable. And everybody applauded that he was ousted because it's quite eccentric. And in his time of lucidity in the course of the day, you know, it's really fascinating to listen to him. He said he was a Catholic before, then converted to Islam. He said because he was upset with the bishop, the Catholic bishop kept talking about human rights, he was upset, he converted to Islam. He said now no one hassles me anymore. And he's Balanta, ethnically speaking. Guinea-Bissau has many ethnic groups. And while I listened to him, talking with him, and I really am amazed at how that multi-ethnic country, multicultural, multi-religion, betrayed many times by the politicians, failed by the intellectual community, they never engaged in war among themselves. Unlike in so many other countries, when the lower and order breakdown, everybody go looting and killing. Looting happened in Manhattan. I was there in the first blackout in 1977. And in Manhattan, it lasted several days. I was in my 33 or 34 building. I said, well, probably it will come back in few minutes. Well, the next day, it didn't come back. Two days later, it didn't come back. I was stuck in the apartment. Finally, I decided to come down. Then I read the news how the city was been looted in people who drive off cars, they go to car stand. And that happened in Louisiana, New Orleans, and it happened in UK. You recall a few years ago. It happened in Paris a few years ago. I was in the middle of it in Paris and was stuck in those demonstrations. Actually, near Jardin du Luxembourg, near Sorbonne. Guinea-Bissau never was looting of government buildings, shops, no ethnic killing, religious killing. And I thought, God, these people are the ones who teach us in my own country how this is possible. So that is an extraordinary positive feature of that society. You have three societies there. One, these people I refer to. You have the politicians and you have the military. Disconnected from each other. Connected only when the military do a coup. Then there are sanctions and affect the common people. Well, the good news is after weeks of work by all of us, particularly by ECOWAS, the West African community, African Union, the CPLP, all of us working together with the local authorities, they have come out just now with a roadmap that we have insisted on to bring about, do elections end of this year, an inclusive government, and I have insisted my clear message to them. They probably, they have heard me ad nauseam. Do not do the same of the past. Winner takes all. Because some of the nefarious influences of the West is that you have elections and after elections, the majority rule. Even in the West, it's not everybody's happy to be in opposition. I don't know of anyone in the United States or anywhere in Europe, in Australia, who's happy to be in opposition. But in some countries, you are respected. You have a status. In many of our developing countries, if you are in opposition, you're a second-class citizen. So everybody wants to be in power because power means accumulating of fortune quickly. Guinea-Bissau, everybody wants to be in government. One day, joking with some of the Guinea-Bissau politician, I have a simple solution. We make here a government where everybody in this country is a minister and everybody is an MP. Problem solving. It's only 1.6 million people, so why not every adult become a minister or an MP?  Meaning, whoever becomes in the first place must invite the second party, the third party, to join in a government of national salvation, unity. Easier said than done. You require a strong leader, charismatic, smart, pragmatic, flexible, who knows how to handle this kind of coalition or unity governments. The challenge the country face are enormous. I have said maybe in a dramatic fashion, they are on the edge of the state, ceasing to exist. A state in the conventional definition of it ceased to almost exist. So now we have a road map, but then second will be the challenge of the international community and I end here. The international community, I will be telling the Security Council and others cannot also do things as usual like in the past in regard to Guinea-Bissau and many other countries. They push for elections. Elections are held, everybody declared, preferable if you have President Jimmy Carter going there as well, to certify, everybody declared mission accomplished. And then the government and others are left on their own. The international community has to reengage Guinea-Bissau to help rebuild the state. The state institutions have to be rebuilt, one by one. Foreign says the IMF should send two, three, or more officials to manage the Ministry of Finance, the Central Bank, the Ministry of Justice. So meaning the UN has to have a similar experience that it was did successfully in Timor-Leste. I don't refer to 99 to 2002 because that was different status. Timor-Leste was a non-self-governing territory. The UN had full executive legislative authority in Timor-Leste from 99 to May 22, 2002. But even after that, from 2002 till many years later, we had a lot of international experts across the board, even in my own office, in the president's office, or when I was Prime Minister, I had a lot of international advisors. And that's the only way, you know, much while we respect people's pride, why we respected our own pride, you know, I always said to our people, I really don't care, this is a globalized world. We are all human beings. Ideally, there should be no borders. If I have no human resource to help me manage the country, I'm very happy to have Australians, Americans, Indonesians, Japanese helping us. We are all human beings. But some people have these false notions of pride that misplaced. When I was Prime Minister, I was managing the country in very critical circumstances. Some of the MPs asked, questioned me about the presence of Australian troops, New Zealand, and I said, and I said, my first responsibility as Prime Minister of this country is to provide safety, tranquility to the people. If I cannot do it with our own forces, I have to ask international help. And the country accepted. And that's what I'm trying to also educate the Saurgenians to accept the concept, the notion that 40 years after independence in 2014, after the election, they will have to bring back the international community. Will it come back? Well, that's a whole different question. European Union is very sensitive, educated about it. I presume they will, wholeheartedly support. We can find non-traditional donor help like Qatar, China, I know China is not a great name to pronounce in Washington these days, but as a potential partner ally of Guinea-Bissau or any country, but China has liquidity, it has its own interests. And actually China and a few other countries like Qatar, Saudi Arabia, they should be contributing, or India, much more to the UN treasure. You know, there has to be, I'm afraid I have to disagree with some of the countries like China that resist reviewing the way that the contribution is assessed because as it is, it goes back 50 years, it serve their interests. With the US, pain is proportionately more, followed I think by Japan, when Saudi Arabia and Qatar, Kuwait, India should be paying much more to compensate for the loss of our own. So we will be looking for donor assistance to help rebuilding Guinea-Bissau. That's my comments today, I thank you, and very happy to answer questions. Your Excellency, thank you very much for, first of all, for your introduction to the Asia Peace and Reconciliation Council and description of the efforts that the council is working on and then description of your current work with Guinea-Bissau. We're open now for questions. Maybe I could start on, you said you were responsible for Burma-Myanmar in your council. You described the Rohingya problem which former Vice President Yosef Kala was working on, which is obviously a very critical problem, the violence and the dislocation of the Rohingya. But in recent months, actually the last month or so, we've seen communal violence break out in outside of Rakhine State. You had it happen just south of Mandalay about a month ago and you had it happen Tuesday just north of Yangon where communal violence broke out between Buddhists and Muslims. And so I guess one challenge I'm throwing out there is working on Rakhine State is good, but Myanmar, Burma as it's moving toward democracy and as it's trying to hopefully get the military out of politics, it faces some real serious challenges in building a new political system and maintaining peace and security without the military running everything. And I'm just, I guess my challenge is whether you, your council has talked about whether there might be other areas in which you could provide advice and counsel to the new government in Napida. The Rohingya problem was just one problem that we discuss, but actually our chairman, Dr. Surakiyet with the delegation did go to Myanmar recently. Because in our membership you have some leaders with tremendous expertise in state building, in reform of public administration. Like Dr. Aziz from Pakistan, he was the only prime minister that served full term in office few years ago or our many Singaporean colleagues. So we offered not only like second track diplomacy, helping mediation, but actually our group able to mobilize resources, expertise to help reform, for instance, the banking finance system in Myanmar. So that was the fact finding group that went there. I think it was in January they went there. So we'll be working, I've been to Myanmar before. The first time ever I went to Myanmar was clandestinely illegally in 94. To do, I enter through God, Northern Thailand, the border and went to Manitoba to do conduct human rights diplomacy training to NLD people. Then as I left back to Thailand, I was declared persona non grat in Thailand for other reason. Then I went in 2005, 2005 as foreign minister to establish diplomatic relations with Myanmar. My delegation was only two or three small people and a tiny delegation. I met with 30 generals. It was intimidating, you know. And one, the Tansui, the top, he said, welcome to Myanmar for the first time officially. And they smiled at each other because they knew I had been and I was blacklisted before. And I always believe in message to the international community and not message to Sochi because who am I to advise her. But what she's doing now is what I always thought would be inevitable. No democratic transition, no democratic regime in Myanmar will survive six months if you don't develop a careful partnership with the military. For long, long time, you have to do that. And she's doing the right thing. Sometimes maybe she's criticized for over doing it, maybe in some comments. But look at Indonesia, you know. The remarkable transformation of Indonesia from 99, 2002 today. When 10 years ago, you know, I said countless times, Indonesia will change on their own time, their own clock. Justice will come, but when the Indonesian society is ready, the military will be gradually out of power and today is really a remarkable transformation. I said the same in my own country, you know, when people were talking about justice, just I said, well, sometimes, you know, when we fight for human rights, when we fight for democracy, that's I tell our people. You know, we fight because of our convictions, our beliefs. We fight with our heart, but we also had to fight with brains. You know, when you have to take a step forward, when to wait, when to take a step aside, you don't go into obstacles blindly, just because you believe the other side of the obstacle there's something you want to achieve. Well, that's our philosophy in my country. Today we have a fabulous relationship with Indonesia. Indonesia is our number one advocate for membership in ASEAN. When I was in Davos in January, I went to a reception hosted by the Indonesian Minus of Trade. You know, he didn't even know I was there, but I heard there was an Indonesian reception and I told my colleagues, I said, listen, let's go because they always have a great food. And so we went there and they did have a great food, but the Minus of Trade immediately invited me on the podium stage. I was there as honor guest and everybody there was surprised, you know. Indonesia, Timor-Leste. Well, I have told the Japanese friends, Chinese, Korean, look at how Timor-Leste and Indonesia have come along in such short period of time. It means leadership. So, Lynn, can I just ask if people ask questions to introduce themselves briefly? Thank you. Lynn? It's a gigantic institution. Problems have been there for decades, so it's very, it's a mind-boggling exercise to think about reform of the Myanmar security forces. But one approach would be that someone would encourage them and the country, you know, that I always argue that best place to help Myanmar is Indonesia. I discussed this years ago with President SBY, Cecil Bambangu with Yonu. I said, you must do more on Burma. And I talked to Ban Ki-moon about picking a former Indonesian military, you know, one who people know is good, also politician, to talk to the military in Myanmar. Because Indonesia's experience, because first Indonesia has no borders with Myanmar and that's good. Because when you have borders with a country, sometimes, you know, often it's not terribly, you are not terribly neutral or well-perceived. So Indonesia, because Indonesia had similar problems with Myanmar in the past. Not as bad, but similar. And they have been able, under the current President himself, Cecil Bambu, began the reform, modernization of the Indonesian Armed Forces without threatening the interests of the Armed Forces. That's a good message for Myanmar. But the process has to come out within the Myanmar Armed Forces. You have to find ways so that they are the ones who initiate the process, they own it. In my own country, when we transitioned from guerrilla to modern army, it was our leaders in the army that began to develop the concept Vision 2020, our transformation from guerrilla to regular army. We then invited foreign advice, we have quite a few. In Guinea-Bissau, I'm telling the same to the military there.   So if you make, feel them that, because anything in general, officer, they know they have to modernize, they have to adapt the army to the new realities in Myanmar in the region. And I think it's possible, but it take long time. Not only the army, but the police. The problem with the violence in Myanmar, the presence of the military, I don't know, whether some in the military were actually the ones behind the scene instigating the violence. Sometimes they instigate because they're also xenophobic, anti-Muslim, or sometimes they do instigate violence to be relevant. In the past, there were accusations against Indonesia way back in the beginning of the reformacy in Indonesia. There are communal violence in Ambon, in Kalimantan, people wondering whether some in security force were not involved. Because when, because some in the military, they think they are relevant in periods of wars and conflicts and tensions. In times of peace, they lose relevance. So, and the same is said about Pakistan, the way some in the Pakistani army, intelligence. So we have to, it is not a black and white issue and it will take, it will, unfortunately, there'll be a lot more suffering, violence in Myanmar before anyone can do anything about it. The military, the government are ultra patriotic, proud. Of all the people in Southeast Asia I have dealt with, the most proud, you know, about foreign involvement is the Burmese. You know, people don't, in our case in Timur, my case personally, you know, anyone is welcome to help. Whether you are from Martian, you are from the United States, welcome to help.  Like look at Ethiopia under Selassie, Emperor Selassie, why he was overthrown, that a huge famine which his government denied for many years until the military were tired of it and overthrown him. And so it's difficult to provide any answer to that. Exceptional good relations with Portugal, like we do have exceptional good relations with Indonesia or with Australia. In that regard, and Portugal was in the forefront of our diplomatic battle for 24 years. So, and Portugal became one of the largest proportion of per capita-wise partners to Timor-Leste. So we continue to have very good relations with Portugal, like we do with all other Portuguese-speaking countries. But Timor-Leste is Southeast Asia, geographically speaking, and we applied few years ago to join ASEAN, the process is underway, very actively supported by Indonesia. We even have Indonesian top diplomats for several years working in our foreign ministry, advising us. The Indonesian diplomats are totally frustrated because we are so slow, and the Timor-Leste always, we do things last minute. If you tell, as I always tell my compatriots, let's plan 2014 to do this and that they wonder why the hell he's talking already about 2014, we are only 2012. So the notion of our planning is not part of our culture. So the Indonesian, one of the senior Indonesian ambassadors who came to advise us, is totally frustrated. But we are working, we have now a Secretary of State for ASEAN integration, the Prime Minister, Shanan Guzmán, leading also directly. We hope that by 2014, we can join before they entering into effect of the ASEAN community. And before, Susilio Bambanguidion lives office, his last term in office, because he has been our main advocate. And it would be great symbolic that he, under his presidency still that Timor-Leste joined. Portuguese remain one of the two official languages. Tatum is the official language, but also Portuguese. And we have two working languages. Bahá's Indonesia, which spoken by 36% of the people. And English, much less. I don't trust much our statistics, but it's quite high at the moment. You know, many people, particularly in the capital, learning English. So it will remain like that for a while. And some argue that it was silly on our part to choose Portuguese as official. Like I have to say, I don't mention his name, a good friend here in Washington, in the U.S. Senate, senator, lovely man, the most decent person you can find in the Capitol Hill. I don't mention his name because a bit embarrassing. Great man, good friend. One day he invited me here in Washington. He mobilized everybody to come to have a coffee with me. Even Joe Biden was there when he was senator. And the third candidate. And he said, Jose, you know we love you in this house. Every time you ask us, these and that, we always help. But that idea of having Portuguese as official language is the silliest thing I have heard from you. And he said, if you chose English, it would be more or less to jumpstart into the 21st century. Well, at the time, Liberia was front page every day in the U.S. And I told him, I have to be careful not to say his name, I said, are you saying that your former calling Liberia is already in 21st century? Well, English is important, but it is not the open doors to all our, you know, to paradise. I can mention any number of countries in Asia, in Africa that have English as first language, since independence and they are not exactly 21st century. And I can mention some in Africa that have Portuguese and doing very well, without oil, without gas, Cape Verde. Cape Verde is one of the best run country in Africa or in the world. No oil, no gas, they have only stones, rocks, and now tourism, and Portuguese speaking. I can mention others, Costa Rica. No army, no oil, very affluent and speak Spanish, not English, so because some really think that English would resolve all humanity's problems. No, it is not, it helps tremendously with access to science, to technology, and so on, but Timuris are incredible polyglots. You don't find that Timuris who doesn't speak at least three, four languages. They pick up Spanish easily. We have a Timuris who went to study in Cuba, medicine, they all came back already, and it's amazing how they learn in two, three months. Very fluent, I speak Spanish, and when I converse with them, amazing. And I ask, how long have you been studying? One month, two months, three months. We have students working in Korea, they speak in Korean language, one even did a PhD in Korean language. We have hundreds in China, in different degrees, speaking fluent Japanese, and we had few went to Japan to the Japanese Navy Academy. I felt so sorry for those four guys. I said, God, you survive a Japanese school, a Japanese Navy Academy? I would be impressed, and they did, and they did very well in the Japanese Navy Academy somewhere in the south. Very strict. So we don't have problems with that. Only Americans, Australians who only speak one language are confused with that. Why do they speak so many languages? Your Excellency, thank you very much for coming here to CSIS today. I think all of us enjoyed your perspective, your perceptions, your experience, and so we want to wish you all the best in your new posting, and we hope we can welcome you back here in a few years for another discussion. Thank you very much. Please join me in thanking you. Thank you.


Let's find out. So we will see. And we're live. Welcome to Digital Asset News. Take the top stories in cryptocurrency assets and bring them out of bite-sized pieces. So today, as you may have understood everybody, we're going to be doing Trinity Trading. And I've split up our channel from Digital Asset News, which is just most of the news in a little bit of trading. And also we have Dan Clips, which is more of the advanced stuff where we go over new projects and different happenings that are going on and more advanced cryptocurrency assets things. So just so you know, this Trinity Trading, we'll only do this once every two weeks. Once every two weeks. So if everybody's like, how dare you do trading? Well, it's once every two weeks. So just so you know. Anyhow, so as you may have figured we've got two special guests. First we got CJ Rykel from Market Rebellion. He does all of our technicals, our TA stuff. CJ, thanks for stopping by with your busy schedule. Thanks for having us. Of course, anytime. And then we also go to Alex Massioli and he is co-founder of Trade the Chain. Alex, thanks for stopping into Dan. Thanks, sir. You're welcome. And just so you know, so Trinity Trading, if you haven't been here before, we use a three-tier approach to trading. First of all, everything starts with the technicals. So actually, sorry, everything starts with the sentiment. So we take a look at Alex. He pulls up Trade the Chain, takes a look at what's going on as far as the happenings in the Twitterverse and all the different news. And he's gonna give us a project. It then goes to CJ, our technical analysis expert. And he takes a look and says, is this a goodbye for a short-term, a long-term? And then if it goes through those two, then I just kind of give him my rubber stamp and say, sure, let's go for it. But I always talk about little fundamentals. So that's what's going on. So first of all, before we start, Alex, you have a special announcement for Trade the Chain members. I do, yeah. So thanks again, Rob, for having me. I just wanted to let everybody know who's watching and who is a member of Trade the Chain that they'll be waking up to something, a little different tomorrow morning on their Trade the Chain sentiment dashboards. As we have completed a major integration with data which now will allow a more robust offering for people. So they'll be able to do really cool stuff like sentiment and price overlays and historicals as well as some other pro tools in there. And that's part of our big integration with Kraken's crypto watch. So tomorrow morning, wake up, log in, refresh your systems or clear your cash. So it's all brand new, thanks. Perfecto. All right, before we start, let's go over, I just wanna share my screen because I wanna talk to people about where we've been. So if you look, there's a link in the description and it looks like, looks like CJ. Now it looks like this right here. It says Trinity Trading. So I can blow this up. And there's a link and it's a spreadsheet. And these are all the trades that we've ever done on Trinity Trading. And granted, we haven't done that many, but so far the ones that we've done have done pretty well. So we started this on January 6th and we picked Maker, 50% profit. And that was from, gosh, January 6th, January 10th. Reserve, Synthetics, Lupering, Orchid, Bitcoin, Bitcoin, NEM, Harmony, StormEx. I think one of our biggest ones, which one was this? Harmony, and that was a good one. On March 18th, we bought it at 9 cents. And then on March 21st, 17 cents, pretty good. And then StormEx, on March 18th, we got it at 0.03. And then just a day later, it was 0.0, so 94%. So pretty good. And then our last one, which I really should have held onto this one, Waves. CJ, do me a favor. Take a look at April 27th when we bought Waves at $19.80, could you? Yeah. And I have a few words about Waves while he's pulling that up, you know, a couple things. One is, first of all, obviously, we're not giving financial advice or anything like that. We're just showing people what we may do. Nothing is considered financial advice by trade the chain, digital asset news, or market rebellion. This is all for informative and informational purposes only. Thank you, go ahead, Alex. Thank you, CJ. But one of the things with Waves is there was a lot of chatter on the Waves episode. And so I just want everybody to be clear. If you're gonna chatter, you just have to listen to everything we say, right? And so it actually wasn't Rob's fault that we only gained 7%. It was my call. I actually put it in for that show if you go back and watch it for a short-term trade. And what I actually did was I didn't miss out on a bad call per se. I actually put in my expectations too short because if you put Waves actually, and I lost a lot of upside in that call. So it wasn't Rob's fault. It was my fault for calling it too short of a trade. Well, it was my fault for selling too darned quickly. I don't know how you traders do it. I don't have the diamond hands that you guys have. As far as like investing, I'm like, I had no problem holding for years and years and years. But like for these short-term trades, I'm like, damn, get this out. We'll get this away from me. But it's like my friend Mullet says, well, when, I know you're in the chats probably. It's amazing how a short-term trade leads to a long-term investment. And that's usually what it was. But I mean, so CJ show us like, we were at $19.80, I think. Yeah, could you help? Do you remember the date in which we did that episode? Which one was it? It was April 27th at 1321 Eastern Standard Time. Yeah, that would be right here. So we were at roughly, I remember we were at roughly $18 or $19. Took a little heat to start the trade. But then, I mean, volume continued to come in. And I mean, we went all the way to like $41. Topped on that TD sequential sell nine. So really respecting the TA there. But yeah, I mean, it turned out to be a pretty nice trade. Yeah, that was a 100% winner at the top of the week. Yeah, if I wouldn't have sold so fast, but I did and here we are. All right, so let's try to learn from, I mean, all the potential gains we could have made. And let's take a look at what we got today. So Alex, show us some magic. Yeah, absolutely. So a little diversion from how I normally do this on the show, normally I bring up the screener chart and I filter out usually like, let's say the one hour projection or the short term sentiment. Today, I'm actually making a call and it's partly based on the video that you just released earlier, having to do with Ethereum fees. But let me go to my screen real quick. My call, and this is going to be an intro month call for a trade. So it means that I'm gonna watch this. I expect it to actually be longer than three days, but shorter than the end of the month to generate alpha. And it is loop ring, ticker LRC. What I'm liking about loop ring, and we've covered this on the regular shows in the past is the fact that it is one of those platforms that helps people negate Ethereum gas fees. And so with your video today and what I've seen with people sending me transaction prices, I thought that's very appropriate. I went to trade to trade screener. I first looked at that one hour projection, but I'm a little longer than that one hour projection. I'm looking for the somewhere between the daily and the long-term sentiment, which are both bullish right now with 72 and 62. I went over to the relative tweet volume and trading volume, both of them fantastic as far as I'm concerned. A lot of people talking about it, I'm assuming that's what the gas fee increases. And there's a lot of participants in the order book right now. Biggest thing from there, I went to the left and this is what got me. Unlike a lot of these all points, I'm not seeing a hyper-velocity hockey stick in the price action. So if you look over the last 30 days, 7%, 7 days, 15%. What I'm looking for now is to take this, like I said, longer than three days, but in true month, so not past the end of the month. And it'll be to keep an eye on. And if you do look at the chart, which we're about to in a second, you're gonna see that we're coming, we just had a high velocity upswing in price off of loop ring. But we were just going back to the previous high from the last couple of weeks. So I'm comfortable. I wanna see what CJ says and see if he has the same, the same determination with this as I do. This is my whole three days up to call it 10 days. Okay, I like LRC, I like it a lot. One thing that I emphasize or have been emphasizing a lot that I've learned from John Najarian and a lot of the people who initially built up market rebellion and that is volume. Volume essentially shows how confident traders, namely buyers and sellers are at a particular price. If you have an uptrend and you have increasing volume, that means that people are voting with their money and they're voting that they're confident that the price is going to continue going up. So at least in the short term, that's typically what we see. And that's kind of at the bedrock of unusual option activity. And a lot of what we're starting to look at in crypto, you brought this up, you brought up LRC on trade the chain. What I wanna highlight over here on the right side is look at the average trading volume or the relative trading volume. Anytime that is close to 100% or over 100% and price has not moved a whole lot, that's always an indication to me that buyers are really confident that price is gonna continue to go up. So let's look at the charts at a couple of different timeframes and see what we see. So starting with the daily timeframe, look at that last bar of volume coming in. That shows that buyers are confident that we're probably gonna continue to go up in the short run. So where are our resistance levels? I think our first primary resistance level comes in not until around 74 or maybe a little bit earlier, a little bit earlier at 60, I would say, judging from this past peak. So that's gonna be a level you'll likely want to watch out for, but I'm really bullish on LRC from a lot of different timeframes. On the four hour, you can see that we've had that surge as well. And we're just past that critical resistance level at 59. I think if we finish this candle above that level, it bodes very well for the overall trend on that four hour timeframe. Now, if we look at things a little bit longer term, and if we zoom out a little bit on the one week chart, I really like what I'm seeing in terms of a long-term hold on this because on the stochastic down below, we're just starting to see a bullish crossover, very similar to the commodity channel index, the CCI, and we have a nice bullish hammer candle coming up here during this kind of neutral consolidation. So when all the timeframes look pretty bullish on a technical level, and we have positive sentiment and massive trading volume, that's a great indication. Those are all great indications that I really like to look for before getting into a specific trade. Rob, on to you. Right. So yes, hammer candle, exactly. Exactly what I was thinking. I have no idea. I was like, when CJ is like, I mean, it's so eloquent the way CJ puts like this and this and this and I'm like, makes sense. Hammer candle. Full disclosure too, Rob. I just want to say even though that I'm doing this as an inch a month trade, I am bullish overall in the long-term for LRC for people who like to DCA such as yourself. Great. And you know what actually me and Weston, Weston Nelson over there from Trinity Trading, he was the one that first introduced me to loop ring a long time ago. And I was like, yeah, okay, I'll get surround to it. And then of course I bought a little bit, I can never win. And now here we are again. So let's just take a look at, first of all, what's loop ring, what's going on with loop ring? And then we do all that good stuff. So let me share my screen. And go to, there we go. Yeah, look at this loop ring. We actually talked about that before on January 19th. It was at 46 cents, 52 cents. What were we at now? 60 cents? Yeah. Yeah. So that was one that I was probably still hanging around. But yeah, I think I bought, I sold after that. So loop ring is ranked 128th. And what we got? It's got a pretty massive max of fly, 1.3 billion. And it's got a circling roughly the same thing, trading volume 199 million up 13% at 60 cents. Okay. So one thing I like about CoinGecko is that it'll tell me where I can actually buy this thing. So just so you know, if you're watching at home and you are going to do your own research on top of what you're watching here because this is just financial opinion. I love that phrase, financial opinion. You can find it at crypto.com, Coinbase Pro, GateIO, GateIO, Binance, and I'm sure some other places. And let's see what else. So loop ring, and this is essentially what Ethereum drastically needs. It's a DEX built in Ethereum layer two on top of ZK roll up. So that's interesting, right? On top of that, if we take a look, and I was actually pulling this up as Alex was talking. Here's the Twitter account. If you want to find all the latest information, just go to Twitter. That's where everything else is, right? That's where Elon Musk lives. So, this is three hours ago, and it makes a good point. Gas fees on ETH1 are high, but you got a choice. Pay them on every swap or pay them once to fund your account, and that's it. And that's the thing that, like I had a hard time thinking I was like, hold on, if I'm on a dollar cost average, that means that every single time I buy, I got to pay the fees. No, it's not. If you just, if you have the ability to put a bunch of money down for loop ring, that's just a one-time transaction fee. And then off you go, you don't have to pay, keep paying these crazy transactions because we just did a video where it was, I was going to put in 0.2 ETH, which is around 800 bucks. And the gas fees were 200 bucks.  And of course we are way far away from that EIP 1559. And even when that comes about, I don't think it's going to solve much. You can, whatever, if you love Ethereum, I like Ethereum, my own Ethereum, but I mean, look, loop ring to me makes a lot of sense. Let's buy some loop ring, huh? Just us, not you watching at home. All right, so, all right. I think it's also worth noting that that hard fork that you mentioned or that EIP, it's very contentious. I think about the, 60% of the hash power is against that improvement proposal. So it's going to be interesting to see what actually occurs, but who knows? It may be a positive beneficiary for things like OMG or loop ring or other various scaling solutions for Ethereum. Exactly. And you know what, I think, for you watching at home, this is probably a great opportunity just to think about what other time to layer two solutions could really fix this issue. And I think loop ring is just a tip of the iceberg, but that's what we're going to go with. So Al, we're going to go with a more medium term, maybe longer. Okay, let's just hold on to that. And then we go from there. So the next, let me stop sharing, the next video that we do, which will be in two weeks, you can always find the link to this video and that spreadsheet in the link in the description. You can find a link for trade the chain. You get a 14 day trial. You can find a link to market rebellion. You can start learning crypto or technical analysis from CJ and Monty and AJ Monty over there at Market Rebellion for just a buck. And that's what we got. Now, let me turn on to some, first of all, I'm not going to buy this. I'm going to look at my phone and how much should I, I'm going to buy one Ethereum, I'm just kidding. I'm going to buy a hundred bucks because I'm not a good trader. Let's see, I'll get to it in a bit, but let's put a hundred bucks in, huh? Let me put this in, a hundred dollars. God, Rob, I never pegged you for such a degenerate gambler. You know, my, yeah, exactly. I am awful. And my wife's going to be like, would you send out a box for it? No, I'm just kidding. She's right over there. She's screaming at me. Okay, so let's take a look at, let me pull up some of the questions. Let me pop this chat out. Pop out chat. How's the chat looking? It's looking like the chat, share screen. Ah, here we go. What is ICP? St. Claude Posse. No, I don't know. Hey, when will it's here? Forgot. Do you recommend staking ETH? That's a good question. Anybody want to take that one? No. I will tell you this, there's a lot of money to be made as far as staking. You know, George over at CryptoZarrus was, he did a good comparison between Ethereum and Cardano. And Ethereum, there's not a ton of people staking it, but the rewards are good. But as far as like Cardano goes, I mean, I think they're staked up to like 74% of all of the entire amount is staked as far as Cardano goes. I would like to take a brief moment to just talk about staking and in correlation to what's happening with Ethereum gas fees.  So just beware and calculate that in when farming. Yeah, I mean, and then yeah, cause you're gonna for Ethereum, you're gonna be locked up for how long is it? Until they say it could be a year, it could be shorter, it could be a little bit longer. That's another thing too. There's some that have locked up periods of six months or a year and others where you can get in and out of your own will. So there can be tragedy with any of those choices. Just make sure you think about it before you do it. Yeah, ugh, I don't know. CJ, CJ, did you stake anything anywhere? Yeah, I mined, I was liquidity mining in the dye zero pool on zero for a while. And I had a very similar experience about what Alex mentioned, where those fees or that slippage actually really does cut in to your profit of what you're providing liquidity for. Cause you get zero back for providing that liquidity. However, if you have half of your capital in dye or that other currency pair, then you're gonna miss out on some say upside in zero or whatever exchange token be that uni swap. So what I decided to do is just take that capital that I was providing in zero and dye and take the stable coin money and just put it all in zero cause I felt it was a better overall investment. However, what I will say is liquidity mining on zero since the API is the APRs are still so high. It is a nice way to make money consistently and have passive income in a sideways markets, but that doesn't come without risk. Yeah, and if anybody would like to see a video on exactly how to do that using the MetaMask wallet going over to zero, doing some liquidity mining. Let me know in the comment section or just reach out and we'll do a video on that. Probably not on this channel cause this is more like the basic stuff probably over at Dan clips. And actually just so everybody knows, you know we separated the channels for more advanced stuff. I'm gonna be doing a video on some pretty risky investments as far as crypto goes later in the week. And I call it the Pollo local method. And you'll understand exactly what I'm talking about when I go over this. This is things of like the ultimate, ultimate S coins where there's a lot of money to be made. And this is investment opinion, but it is craziness just to think about. And I will put that video out on the other channel cause this one's just for news and everything. Folks, I have seen Rob at a casino. He is an animal. Yes, I will come up right behind the penny slots like, oh drink, please, drink up some plane, plane. All right. And then let's see back to the, that's about it.  Once the IOHK team puts in the graphic interface for the deadless wallet. So you can actually see the tomato coin image, which is pretty cool. I talk to the artists, it's a digitalized. It's like a terminator type of tomato coin. No one cares. All right. The Pollo's or monos method. That's right. All right. So that's it guys. We just wanted to talk about. So as a recap, we took a look at a different crypto that had great sentiment analysis, technicals and a little fundamentals. And we picked loop ring and I will, let me see here. And the reason why was what Alex pulled it up and said, it'll look good. We bought it at a whopping 60 cents on today. And Alex thinks, and so does CJ to hold it for a medium term. And we'll see how it does. This is a layer two solution, RZK rollups for the Ethereum network because the fees are crazy. And you just have to pretty much purchase at one time and then you get all your transactions for low cost. And that is loop ring. So that's the one we're going with. We'll follow up later and that is it for today. So thanks for stopping by everybody. We appreciate it and that is it for today. Thanks so much. See you on the next one. And let me stop recording on both of them before I screw this up like I did last time. Let's see here. Now, end string. I guess I did it. Oh man.