If Iceland could only be known for one thing, it would probably be its scenery, which garners millions of tourists each year. Two million or so tourists visited the country in 2019, mostly coming from the United Kingdom and the United States. Despite its recent tourism boom, Iceland has always been one of the more isolated countries in European history, being settled as late as 874 AD by Vikings, and then having relatively limited contact afterwards with the rest of Europe, until of course globalization began. Considering its comparatively short history, however, there was one historical event so out of sorts that hardly anybody has heard of it. In the summer of 1627, pirates from the Barbary Coast, controlled by the Turkish Ottoman Empire, raided Iceland.  Let's just take a moment to appreciate how different Iceland and Turkey are. They are on opposite sides of Europe, have very different geographies, and while one was only discovered 1150 years ago, the other has been home to human civilization for thousands of years. Of course, Turks actually arrived in Turkey from Central Asia during the 11th century, and after adopting Islam as their faith, created the Ottoman Empire and conquered much of West Asia, Balkans, and North Africa. This land area stretched all the way to modern Algeria and Tunisia, which was the main operation base for the Barbary Pirates. These pirates were responsible for many pillaging across Mediterranean Europe, the Atlantic Coast, and the main focus of today's topic, Iceland. There were in fact two invasions in 1627 that are grouped together in this event. The first invasion began on June 20th from coarse seerships arriving from Saleh in Morocco, and the second began on July 5th by raiders from Algiers. It should also be noted who these raiders were. Barbary pirates could come from many ethnicities, including Arab, Turkish, and even European, the last of which were referred to as renegados, as they betrayed their own countries which were being raided by the pirates. The main reason many joined the Barbary Pirates was to monetize their efforts in the slave trade happening across the Arab world. Anyway, many renegados joined Arab and Turkish pirates on their way to Iceland in both June and July raids. The June 23 raid from Saleh was headed by Dutch renegado Marad the Captain, and he's usually credited with carrying out the entire logistics of the attack. They mainly spent their time in the southwestern coast of Iceland, and they occasionally came onto the land to capture and pillage. When all was said and done, a Salishian pirates had captured a few dozen Icelanders after spending around a week on the Icelandic coast, and they returned to Saleh on July 30th. However, this was the lesser of the two evils the Icelanders had to face in the summer of 1627. On July 5th, another invasion took place, this time from the Algerian course airships. Once again, this fleet was led by a Dutch renegado, Marad Fleming. Icelandic literature refers to him as the Soulripper, and that he was. After his raids along the eastern fjords and southern coast of Iceland, including the Westman Islands, with the island of Hemi having the most brutal of the attacks, this wave of attacks killed around 40 people, and 400 Icelanders were captured into the Arab slave trade. After all this, the Icelandic people have written many accounts of the raids, and look back in poor taste, as only 10% of those captured ever returned to Iceland. Though these numbers might be relatively inconsequential for most countries, one must remember that Iceland was and still is a small country, so any loss at that scale is pretty devastating. So, this brings the question up from the beginning. Did Turkey really invade Iceland? Well, that claim is quite a bit of a stretch. Though the Ottoman Empire stretched all the way to North Africa, and the pirates who invaded Iceland, in the Algerian raid, came from Ottoman lands, they were not really carried out by Turks. Also, even if the raids were quite ambitious due to the distance from their homes to Iceland, both raids were led by Dutch expats with considerable experience on the high seas, and considering their origins they likely knew the western European coastal regions pretty well. So no, Turkey did not explicitly raid Iceland. Rather, it was pirates who partially came from the Ottoman borders in North Africa, headed by Dutch captains with barely any Turks on board these Corsair ships. Nevertheless, it is still a quite intriguing and overlooked historical event. Thank you all for watching. Be sure to like, subscribe, share this video with all your friends, and hit the bell to never miss any new videos from this channel. Considering watching one of these other videos to learn about another historical event, or to learn about politics from another country, I'll see you all next time.


The following is a presentation of TFNN. The Power Trading Hour with your host, David White. Call now toll-free at 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. Now, David White. And welcome all to another excellent edition of the Power Trading Hour. With me. And it doesn't matter where me is, as long as you are here at this time. The following takes place between 2 p.m. and 3 p.m. So what do we have? Kind of a flat day and as I take down five points, S&P up three and a half points, Russell's up seven. Crude meandering around the $88 level. Gold was a little higher, earlier $5 higher at 801. So what do we have? Well, I think we got a little bit of a hangover coming back and that was everybody flooding back into the, probably the most oversold and highly shorted market that we've had since 2016. And it's just one of those things where you go, well, maybe a little bit too much, too fast. It could be part of it. The other part could be whether or not we're in a bear market or not. This is the way that bear markets work. You have huge retracements, as I said before, three steps back, two steps forward kind of stuff. You never know, but this could be the little point where we start everybody believing that it's back to normal and then we head back lower. The reason I think of it that way is generally markets go up the stairs and these things went up the escalator fairly quickly. And just everybody piling in at once always makes me a little nervous. Anyway, we're kind of meandering around unchanged for most of the big indexes. We've got a lot of earnings coming this week, AMD after the bell tonight. That's a company that's not restricted by demand but only supply they can create. So real hard to figure out how all those guys are gonna be doing. They came off the lows fairly well, hovering around 115 on the day. And what else we can say is just, we look at the rest of what's out there for earnings. Let's go back out here and say, PayPal, Google tonight, hard to tell on Google, but we shall see. General Motors, Government Motors, Starbucks, Gilead, Electronic Arts, and then of course in the morning, we look at DH Horton, Waste Management, Ferrari, Novartis, Boston Scientific, Pre-Holdings, Humana. So healthcare, biotech kind of strong, the bad part of this week. So it's kind of a little bit of hurry up and wait. On the earnings that we had last night and this morning, the big news is probably not big at all and that is UPS is up about 14%. I had a theory and it seemed pretty much rule out and that was if it could fly on a 747, it did well. So we saw Apple actually do well. And of course, UPS trying to get stuff around because of the continuing cluster fiasco at Long Beach that doesn't seem to get resolved. And no one really spending any time trying to get it resolved. Not sure what's there. On the downside for semiconductors, we got CRUS down about 5.6%. Let's take a quick look at that. Come on, Mr. Chart, get up here. Come on, there we go. And take a quick look at Cirrus Logic. You had kind of a big, long butterfly setup here. You pulled back a little bit to where support should be, which is about 82 bucks. You kind of got back there today. Yeah, I don't think there's a lot going on here. This thing looks like it's in a bigger trading range. Let's take a look at untied parcel here, UPS. And that is a definite breakout. You got volume. It looks good. And the harder that we push the supply chain, the more that we're gonna need things like United Parcel, FedEx, trying to get things there on time and paying up to do it. But I don't think it should be anything of a surprise. The only surprise is that we've allowed our elected leaders to not fix the problems that they probably should have fixed long ago. But I can't say much about that.<PHONE_NUMBER>. Anyway, we got fun buying. We got a lot of that, I think, yesterday, a price markup. Kind of interesting not to see much of that follow through today. We'll see what the last 30 minutes of the day looks like. We were a little lower. So maybe this is just some consolidation. But of course, by Thursday morning, we're really gonna be out of the fun buying window. I wouldn't be surprised if the markup was huge this month and we don't get a lot of sales like, I mean, a lot of purchases like we have today. But whatever is out there, the rubes and the IRAs are probably gonna be paying top dollar for whatever stocks go in their funds.   Don't you think they should just have kind of a odd day or two or three sprinkled around the entire month instead of trying to figure out all of them or 80% of them all buying at the same time. But isn't that part of the plan, the master plan? Anyway, not expecting a whole lot out of the market. As I said, redemptions were actually fairly strong in both December and January. So probably not a lot of cash there, but I do suspect that we're gonna see that. Now, if we look at volumes in the market, if I update this, we'll get them here. I suspect we've got about 7.3 billion shares. Volume's been falling about 500 million shares a day the last four days. So it's not like we're back up to those highs of hitting 18, 20 billion shares a day. But the amount of retail investors has been pretty high over the last four or five days. Generally, they tend to be wrong. But how many people that were swearing that if the market pounced itself, actually, so I don't think many people, they still don't believe. We'll be back in a... That's right, information. Having all the information gives us the perspective we need to place the right trades at the right time. The TAS Profile Scanner is the premier market profile-based scanner. 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TFNN airs live financial content streamed live on tfnn.com and TFNN's YouTube channel with Tiger TV. Live every market day from 8.30 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. Eastern. For free, each host is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions live from around the world. From the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds, Tiger TV has eight different shows with expert hosts to help you make the right moves with your money. Watch online at tfnn.com or on TFNN's YouTube channel and become the investor you were born to be. TFNN, educating investors. Toll free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER>. On this day in 1982, the Intel 8026 processor is introduced in six and eight megahertz versions. Wow. Talk about a speed, Damon. It was employed for the IBM PCAT introduced in 1984 and then widely used in most PCAT compatible computers until the early 1990s. The 286 as it was known, most commonly paved the way for the PC and the wonderful math coprocessor. Pretty amazing that we used such stuff. But cutting edge at the time, now we're, what? 100 times faster than that? Is that right? Yeah. So, 100 times? How about 1000 times faster? Pretty big. Anyway, AMD after the bell tonight, it's all about how much they can ship. We'll see what that is, but it's kind of a tough question to ask. Somebody in the den was talking about Microsoft down on a little bit of volume today, 25 million chairs so far compared to 46 million chairs on the upside. And maybe you get 33, 35 million chairs at the end of the day. That certainly would be going back into a candle with almost 50 million chairs on the upside. The one thing you do have out here that you wanna watch for is this double gap. We've chronicled how many times those double caps do get tested. If a regular gap is gonna get tested, I suspect that a double gap is about four more times likely to be retested. And that sets you in there at about 293, 295-ish area. But yeah, could you pull back to that area and would it do anything bad? Not really. It would just be a bigger consolidation going off from that 276 low. Nothing really changing in what they're doing. But somebody brought up what about multiple compression and it could be a thing. Micron, which was one of the bigger companies out here running into a lot of problems also, mostly with the whole chip shortage thing slowing everything down all around the world.  That gap was a gap higher back on November 19th with 47 million chairs came in with AFTHAT. So you got a fairly decent low out here. The only problem I have is if the whole market starts selling off again, this will be it. And we went through all the stocks with massively shorted, short sell numbers on the bi-monthly numbers from the exchanges. And it's just, they didn't do much and that generally tells me something. Every other time when we pulled back, those highly shorted stocks did get run. But that isn't it. I mean, even in gold, which MUX is really highly shorted again, you got a little bit of bounce out here. You just don't have much in the way of volume on the Q and mining. You do have a nice looking bottom out here in this one though. It did test that 80 cent low for, yeah, that had a little over four million shares back on December 15th with less than half the volume. So look fairly good. You got a gap up today, but just you know, you got to do 1.2 million shares. So it doesn't look bad, but highly shorted. But not a real run. What else do we have out here? Question about NVIDIA.  It's just this bounce so far, why it was sharp over a couple of days, doesn't generally the light bulb that burns twice is bright turns burns half as long as the old saying. And you know, you got higher today, volume's about half of what it was yesterday. You continue to have a lot of short sellers in it. Short sellers in AMD. So if they do have some good numbers, AMD probably gonna rip the face off of some shorts. NVIDIA kind of a high on that level too, but even things like Apple continue to short the Jesus out of all day long, which I don't understand. You go, you short week stocks, not strong stocks for the most part. Anyway, you got almost no volume today compared to yesterday. We're doing all about 50%, a little less than 50% of the volume we had yesterday in Apple. So not any kind of signal quite yet on that one. Got a question here about Spotify. Do I think the Joe Rogan thing is gonna do anything? No. It was just a punching bag for the techno fascists who don't like free speech. And my guess is that we heard a little bit about it yesterday. My guess is we'll hear next to nothing about it today, maybe one or two mentions. And by this weekend, no one will remember about what it was all about anyway. But certainly it wasn't about the truth. It was about the truth and people probably would be looking another way. But if a doctor gets 17,000 people to say other doctors to sign up with him, I probably wanna hear what he has to say. I wonder what these people are so afraid of for a doctor who's actual real doctor, practicing doctor, opposed to when they talk about 300 doctors, which were really 50 doctors. And a lot of the other people were just imbeciles along for the ride in news propaganda. So yeah, I don't think much happens. You got somebody talking his own book with trying to sell his high fidelity system for audio, which is really what, I wanna see Neil Simon, but it didn't, was really pushing. He only makes about 50 or 75 bucks a month, people screaming his song. So it's not a lot of money. Almost nobody makes any money as far as artists on Spotify. It's the first thing you need to know. The labels will gobble up about 75% or 80% of it. And even then, they don't make that much money. So it was kind of a, not a big deal. But if you had songs out in the 60s, you have a different setup than you have if you came in after 1970. I think it's 1974 is the split time where you have to opt into the big deal that everybody else opted into. But if you're before 1974, a much different scale for selling your music. Now, I mean, Spotify has its own problems. It's just one of the reasons I didn't face it. It had its problems since it was public. But it's more about the structure than the company. So we'll be back in a minute. You having fun trading the markets, but having trouble finding like-minded individuals to discuss your trading and investment ideas with? Become an Apex creditor in the trading markets and join the Tiger's Den Trading Room only at dfnn.com. 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The Art of Timing the Trade charts is designed to help you when scouring the markets for stocks just beginning to form the trading patterns that many investors spend days, weeks, or even months searching to find. And right now, we're offering licenses available at only $79 a month. We are so confident that you're gonna love this new charting software that will even give you a 30-day unconditional money-back guarantee. Don't miss out on this incredible new piece of software. Get your copy of The Art of Timing the Trade charts today by visiting tfnn.com. This segment is brought to you by Think or Swim. For more information, just click the Think or Swim banner on the front page of tfnn.com. As we return, I should. Samuel, who asked if my bullish are bearish. I'm kind of bearish, but not at the moment. I suspect that they're gonna hold this market up at least through Wednesday, if not Thursday for fun buying, but I don't think there's a whole lot here. And of course, any kind of bad news could break this market wide apart. It is not that strong. As we went through a lot of those, nobody's really covering a lot of these highly-shorted stocks. And they didn't really move very much higher yesterday. We've got a few stocks that are actually up a little bit today, but I think they're kind of just blips. There are not a lot of volume behind them, stuff like that. A lot of stocks that looked good about a month ago kind of failed. And we're still not seeing much of a significant bounce out of it. Anyway, AT&T, just a thought out here because I hear it every time the market pulls back and that is I'm gonna buy some company with a big dividend like AT&T and they'll pay me to wait. I always found that story to be something that just costs people loads of cash because guess what?  We're not giving it to you.   I just, when things get bad, they cut the dividends and the whole idea of hiding in this stuff it does never seem to pan out at least as far as I can see. But another one out here when you look at it of cutting dividends and people thinking that they're sank or sank, they are not, had earnings from NXPI kind of was all over the place in after hours, doing a whole lot of nothing today. And of course, you gotta think that if all their business was just smartphones, they would have probably done a lot better. But really their problem is 50% of their business is cars, automobile related, manufacturing and the cutback and supply problems and that led to kind of a fairly decent pullback that I don't think much else happens out here. Automobile manufacturing and supply chain crisis have to get better before that's gonna change. We looked at MU question about PLTR.  As soon as it started to crack, I was out of it. But you've come back up here to 1437. I don't think that there's much out here to bring up other than this is one of those black box companies that's gonna have to produce some earnings fairly soon. Question about the SMHs. Come out here and then the TLT. You had a nice bounce, but it's kind of like two days. You got a lot of volume at the lows that has not been tested. So do you have a chance of that retest of the 249.36 low you do, but I don't see anything other than very light volume and a little slightly higher high out here. But we'll see. Again, probably a lot more about what AMD does tonight is it is a fairly big hunk of those SMHs. Let's go back and look at the bonds. The Fed has not quit buying. They're slowing it down though a little bit. We are getting back into this gap back up from the 27th and starting to fill it. Our volume's just a little lighter out here, but yeah, I think we're gonna continue down. Now remember, this is the month when they said that they're gonna quit buying bonds. So I can't imagine that this thing goes up at worst, I mean, at best, maybe it holds around this level. I think it's been working for a while to go back and test about 137 to 139. So we shall see. I think the Fed probably gonna pull the Band-Aid off all at once, probably gonna make it a little bit tougher through the March for us to figure out when the cork has been pulled out of the giant cask of free money, but continuing to be problematic. Question about work day. This one actually had a fairly decent test of a seven, almost eight million share low back at 220. That spike back on July 27th, that had 7.7 million shares. You only had about 2.4, is that right? Yeah, maybe 2.6 million shares. So there wasn't a lot, but I think you got the lion's share. Almost everything looks about like this on the move higher. And that is just, you went a little higher today, volume's fairly light and a lot of these stocks. So it could easily pull back to 242, I think you could, or get a retest of the 223 back out here. But you had a lot of instant short covering. This wasn't that bad, but I think most of the shorts are out. It's more about who will buy it now than something else. Question about Adobe, A-D-B-E, A-D, if I can type it, we can.<PHONE_NUMBER>, man, just like everything else out here. This one rolling right into a gap lower, that gap was on the 5th of January. Ooh, yeah, 5th of January, came down with 7.4 million shares in it today with 1.4 million shares. So yeah, I think probably the easy money in Adobe's over two. What else do we have out here? Question about, has the IBB finally bottomed? I don't know, everything looks about the same. The only difference is this hasn't hit resistance quite yet. You got a doji out here. It could be the halfway move higher. If this opens up tomorrow higher, then I would say that that's probably the halfway move. So yeah, could you get back up to 140, which is the top of this gap down from the 18th? You could. You got decent volume today, 2.7 million shares. So not bad. Could be worse, could be better. Anything about the XMEs? Keep them coming, pathtfnn.com. We had a nice gap higher in the metals today, a lot of volume. What I dislike is that you really didn't test the previous low on lighter volume, but good news is good news. Up decent volume, I wouldn't say enough. Really want the kind of volume you had in the down candle. That was 8.8 million shares. Got five million shares, so in the exit, we'll be back. Are you in the market for buying or selling real estate in the Bay Area, including the surrounding St. Petersburg, Tampa and Clearwater markets? Tiger Real Estate LLC is a firm that has extensive experience in the Tampa Bay Area. 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China A shares in either direction. Visit DirectionInvestments.com today. An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the direction shares carefully before investing. The prospectus and summary prospectus contain this and other information about direction shares. To obtain a prospectus or summary prospectus, please contact Direction Shares at<PHONE_NUMBER>. The prospectus or summary prospectus should be read carefully before investing. An investment in the funds is subject to risk, including the possible loss of principal. The funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors. Distributor For Side Fund Services, LLC. Don't forget, you can listen to TFNN live on your mobile device 24 hours per day. Go to TFNN.com and hit Watch Tiger TV. That's TFNN.com and hit Watch Tiger TV. I don't know what this symbol is here, K-R-B-N. Global Carbon Strategy Fund, that's interesting. This is going sideways just a big triangle pattern. Lower highs, higher lows. So, and carbon credits. What a scam. But what can you say? There's a sucker born every day. Yeah, it could be a trade. It's also a scam. I mean, the company.  I wasn't Catholic, but I thought it was absolutely insane that you could buy, what was it? Indulgences in the Catholic Church.  But that's me. Okay. Okay. Do that. Okay. Netflix, NFLX, is Einhorn buying this, actually changing anything. And I think you just bought it for a trade. It was kind of a little oversold. You're back up to one of the double gaps that existed. So the easy money's done here. I'm thinking maybe 470, 475 is probably where this thing's gonna top out. But, you know, before this even came into earnings, I was very skeptical about it just on the fundamentals, which is 600 scripted shows now in English. Man, could you think about finding one that you even like just looking through the list, much less actually watching any of them? There is far too much content and there's far too much churn out here from one, you know, going from one system to another system. And I don't know if you can say anything. It did get through that little double gap, which generally means you could go a little higher, but I'm thinking 470-ish. You could fill about three quarters of that gap down, but you got a high volume lows out here that really haven't been tested. So, you know, my guess is that after it takes this bounce, Einhorn takes this cash. Yeah, could you see a 360, 370-ish low out here for retest on lighter volume again? Don't think that there's a problem. And two, this isn't gonna change in a hurry. Everything that they're paying for, all the movies, the scripts, the actors, it's becoming a bidding war for talent in Hollywood. If you wanna know more about this, there's a couple of newspapers and magazines, one's called Variety, but you can keep an eye on it. I'm not a big fan of ever being in this business, mostly because I was around it. And I know that eventually, just about everybody in it goes bankrupt. So, it hadn't been it. Far away eyes.  Get back to some of the other emails in here. Okay. And we answered that. Okay. Those taken care of. Okay. What else do we wanna look at out here? Okay. With earnings coming up on DH Horton, what do you think is the high end? And I think, yeah, you can easily say that. You got a high volume low that spiked through the previous low. Now you're back up of it again, but higher interest rates are never gonna help housing. Is it the end? No, could you go sideways? Could they do a little bit better? There is kind of that kind of anomaly in housing where when everybody sees interest rates actually going up, it does for a little while kind of push sales. So could they still do well enough to hold the price they could? I don't know what they're gonna say. Long-term though, if people start asking their opinions and interest rates are a percent or two higher, I think that's just the death knell for any of these. But that's it, far away eyes. Okay, what else do we have? Waste management? Wouldn't the Sopranos in waste management? I think that was a big deal. They've come off their highs back in retested low again with higher volume. So there's a lot of stocks out here that really need to retest these lows or at least retest them on lighter volume. So you've got to bounce out here. This one didn't get that high and you're going into earnings, which is never a good sign. To what else do we have? On Friday. Question to the biotechs, how are these things gonna do? That's Friday, right? That's that. That's this Friday. Bristol Meyer, Squibb. Man, they are really doing whatever they can to push these vaccines again, even the two year olds, which if you believe the data, they're five times more likely to die in a car accident. So it's not something that has a high priority, not exactly sure why they're trying to push vaccine on kids. But I think that a lot of this is gonna probably switch. I don't think a lot of parents want their three year old inoculated for something that's not gonna really hurt them. And whatever the chance is, it's much higher than what's gonna happen either way. But now, I think this whole thing seems to be rather burned out. I would love to see, I mean, it's up there. It's not backing off. It's not like a lot of these other ones. So maybe there's more to Bristol Meyer, Squibb, than I think about. Yep, it is. Okay, anything else? Also, Regeneron, as we look at the vast industrial vaccine complex. Man, it's just going sideways out here on this one, isn't it? This is very interesting. It's building steam for something. Generally, you get some fairly big moves out of the ones that are this tightly wrapped going into earnings. But, I question everything. What's less that? Yeah, Neil Young. Southern man that need him around anyhow. Sharpening your skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument. You have to practice, sure, but you also need excellent instruction from experts. At TFNN, you'll get advice and guidance from the authority and technical market analysis, and it's not just dry, tedious text either. TFNN airs live financial content streamed live on tfnn.com and TFNN's YouTube channel with Tiger TV, live every market day from 8.30 a.m. to 4.00 p.m. Eastern for free. Each host is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions live from around the world. From the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds, Tiger TV has eight different shows with expert hosts to help you make the right moves with your money. Watch online at tfnn.com or on TFNN's YouTube channel and become the investor you were born to be, TFNN, educating investors. 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As we get ready in the show, kind of just quiet day, as I said, kind of waiting for earnings here. I think we've kind of got the markup for a fund buying in. Probably gonna meet Andrew around for a couple of days. When fund buying's off, probably on Thursday, I think we're probably gonna have a much better view of what's really lies beneath this. I am fairly bearish, but we haven't gotten any signal that says pull the ripcord quite yet. But just about everything, including this one, we have a request to look at STEM, S-T-E-M. All this stuff has high volume lows. We're back up on lighter volume today. Now, do we actually have to go down there and hit 1042 on it? No, but I think you're probably gonna get at least 50% retraces in a lot of these. So I don't see any reason to be buying anything here right now. If you're long stuff, you got the bounce. I think you just put in a trailing stop and let the trailing stop take you out.  But right now we're waiting on earnings after the bell and tomorrow morning. Little hard to actually tell because it's all about how much could someone manufacture. And that one's kind of a hard one to actually say. If you've got a company that can sell everything it makes, you always have to wonder. But you've got a fairly decent discount in some of these like NVIDIA and AMD based on Intel coming out and talking about basically the equivalent of price wars. We haven't looked at Intel here today. The big thing would be whether or not AMD in the commentary tonight talks about the acting to Intel's desktop stuff and video cards being aggressively priced. I don't know about it. Not a lot of volume today, but kind of just hanging out at 49 level. So when you can, not when you have to, we will see you here tomorrow. Same bat channel, same bat time.


The back rooms, we all know them and we all kind of love them. This is a game called exit eight, which is kind of similar from what I've seen to the back rooms where there are different anomalies. This is how the game opened up, by the way. And also gaming on the crank gameplays, formerly crank gameplays, not crank gameplays eat the nester channel in 2024. How could it be so the goal of the game? Keep left is to escape. It's to exit. I don't know how exit zero. I'm supposed to exit eight, but how is my question? How am I supposed to exit eight? Let's take a gander at don't overlook any anomalies. If you find anomalies, turn back immediately. If you don't find anomalies, do not turn back to go out from exit eight. If you find any anomalies, turn back. Is that an anomaly? How do I? How do I know? How do I know what's an anomaly and what isn't? Don't overlook any anomalies. Maybe I'll just follow him. What happens if I just follow him? Do I follow him home? Wait, is he just going to walk forever? When I loaded up the game, could I go in reverse? Well, because this this guy is going to go forever, isn't he? Because he disappeared. I don't know how this works. I've one, two. Oh, is this how it works three? Do I just keep going for guys? All I did simply was follow the directions. Is that insane?   Didn't I? Okay, hold on. I've started over, but I think, okay. So is that an anomaly? No, so I do need to keep going this way because this is zero. So this is where it starts. But if I see you again, motherfucker, I'm turning around. Okay? Okay? Keep left.  I thought that I had it for a moment because it's like if I see any guy, turn around. It's coming. It's coming. It's just two now. No, it's still zero. But anomaly. Oh, wait. I have to keep track of everything. Don't overlook any anomalies. If you find anomalies, turn back. If you do not find anomalies, do not turn back. So it's Nanbu Park, junior high, temple, building, crossing. Do I turn around or do I? Was that zero? Maybe I go back this way. It's confusing. Hold on. I think I keep going. Why did he stop? I don't like that he stopped. He's still there. Is this how it's done? Yes. Two. Yes. I think I think I'm good. Fuck. Does the man count as an anomaly? Starts with that. Starts red, blue, orange. Red, blue, orange. White face move. Red, blue, orange. Red, blue, orange. White face move. Is that supposed to be? I'm so confused as to when. Red, blue, orange. Fuck. I don't understand. I don't understand. Ew. Ew. He was going really fast. I don't understand. I don't like that face there. Did you guys see that? Did you guys see the face on the poster? I think I was supposed to turn around. I was absolutely supposed to turn around. Two. Do you see the guy in the wall? Did you guys see the guy in the wall? Three. You guys saw the guy in the wall, right? That might have been. Fuck. Take a mental image. There's three doors. Sign on the left, right, and then two air ducts. And then a little door on the end. Mental image. This is zero. This is not correct. Oh boy, that's not correct. Okay. We know that that's an anomaly. They're getting a little bit more obvious here. This red blue. Okay. I don't know if that was correct, actually. Fuck. No, it was wrong. This looks normal. This looks normal. What about that could be different? Okay, that was normal. Good. Vent door, vent door, door small. Three. This looks normal. If that's not normal. What about that was anomalizing? Is there anything about you that's weird?   No. Everything in here seems normal, dude. Seems normal. Let's continue. Still zero. Okay, this is not normal, I don't think. I think this is not normal. I think there's supposed to be a sign there. Yes. I've got it. Isn't there supposed to be a sign there? I'm pretty sure. Yes. Was there always a sign there? Maybe I'm wrong. Yeah, I'm wrong. Okay. I thought there was a sign here. So this one was normal. No, there is. Keep left. Maybe that's only, oh, that's only in the first one, I guess. Not seeing anything weird. I think it's normal. I don't like that at all. Turning around. And you'll give me a one. Thank you very much for that. I appreciate it. Okay. I literally, like I don't, I don't see anything weird. Nice. Good, good, good. Not seeing anything weird. Nice. Does he not look small? I think he looks small. I think he looks small. Ah. Ho, ho, ho, ho. Bruh. He kind of looks small again or am I insane? Dude, what are the chances of double small? Five. You're still kind of looking small. Fuck.  I just watched a video on what all of the anomalies are because I've been sitting here for 40 minutes trying to beat this game. So now I want to see if I can even spot all of the things that could be happening. This is normal. It must be. There we go. Good. Excellent. This is normal. I think I'm pretty, I'm pretty sure. Yeah. Okay. Okay, okay, okay. Can I do this? This is so far normal. It's not normal. It's not normal. The sign was moving with me.  You think you can trick me? This is normal. Let's keep on rocking in the free world, huh? It's not normal. The eyes moved. The eyes moved. I did. Five. Baby. Eight. Pretty sure that's just normal. Six. Oh, baby. My palms are sweaty. Wait, six. That's there. That's an anomaly. Seven. Second to last. Upside down. Anomaly. The man is normal. All this normal. What was wrong? Oh, I wonder if it was something on the ceiling. Fuck, dude. Are you kidding me? I can't believe it. Oh, up there. That's one. Shouldn't have a red light. I had a red light. I cannot believe. I cannot believe that. That sucks, dude. This I'm pretty sure is normal. Nope. There's a guy on the wall. Six. Seven. Two easy ones in a row. Yes. Eight. Okay, this is where I got before. And I got it wrong. Nothing weird on the wall. They're not expanding. This isn't following me. Oh, sweet release. Out from exit eight. Find all anomalies. Oh, that was really cool. Even though I cheated and looked up what all the anomalies were. That was cool. It was just so much stuff was so subtle. That was really cool. Interesting, creepy little unsettling game. If you'd like to check it out, I will leave the link in the description below. I liked that. The environment was creepy and weird. All anomalies found. Thank you for using our underground passageway. That's fun. Look at that, huh? Correct. All right. I'm going to leave it here. Thank you guys for watching. I'll see you later. Bye.


What's going on everybody this is 1920 Chronicles basketball four box Break number four pick your teams all out of jazz piece case breaks calm special a bonus in this Chronicles We're giving away the pelicans. So all 30 teams are entered Good luck everybody We're gonna go three times on the pelicans randomizer top name wins it one all 29 names sorry because obviously the pelicans No one bought some 29 names to Scared me a second and three John D Congrats Think one spot Sniped it there. Congrats. Had the nuggets So you also get the pelicans Put a little carrot show that you want it in a giveaway there So it's print and rip. This is coming from a fresh case So you can see the top screen there the full case. So we'll go one two three four five six to see which Four boxes we will be doing five. So far right boxes right here These other stacks of four will be done Probably Jason tomorrow post some more fillers for that so you can tell it's from the same case do those waves there Not that there's a case hit but Just for total transparency Here we go first box Luca three of 49 for the Mad Bricks Dallas is mark There's also Luca flux There's a Yanis hometown heroes prison Anthony Davis Marquis And they did Russell Westbrook dirty on this one he His a game leaves seeds. Oh no, I thought he meant he left a Celtics game with him now No, but he left the Celtics Getting it now Why can't right ish? There's a blue Jared Culver Number 21 and 99 hard to see the number there John Merant flux. That's a nice one And looks like our first hit is number to 99 Bobon out of for the Dallas Mavericks Mark B that one Deandre Hunter to 99 for the Hawks Cam Reddish to 49 There's Anthony Davis black box to 249 Clark Culver John Merant another one recon rookie There's a Kobe white blue marquee 14 of 99 another Kobe white There's number to 149 Eric Pascal. Yeah, look at this Gary Peyton auto 24 49 the glove Supersonics of course goes to the Oklahoma City Thunder. That's Mark. Nice Gary Peyton auto Hall of Fame Jordan pool 18 of 19 low-numbered Titanium rookie there, let's go and state down John Merant RJ Barrett luminance Luca, there's a Kevin Durant prism update card Like when we say no veteran base ships, of course this these kind of cartels ship. There's Rui considered to insert recon Darius Garland not numbered and Matisse Tybal 149 Kendrick Nunn Jackson Hayes number 249 Rui flux. There's a nice Zion crusade Pelicans won by John D There's Rui to 149 the bronze threads This one's numbered Jackson Hayes to 149. There's Quendairie witherspoon to 99 auto airborne for the spurs That would be going out to volleyball Nancy John Merant the Reds rookie Clark Garland Carmelo prism. There's Steph Curry number 149 for the Golden State Warriors flux red And there's not calling sex in Kevin Porter, Jr. To 149 Kendrick Nunn Curry prism There's Jaren Jackson, Jr. Had a great game number to 99 Kendrick Nunn We got Golden State Warriors to of 99 auto Andrew Wiggins Curve to it But once it gets in the top order shouldn't straight now that's going out to John S. There you go Dame Lillard number to 149 Chris freeze Culver and there's a recon job In the 21 and 99 goba Seiku 13 of 99 There's Curry flux prism black box 21 of 99 Matisse Tybald Kobe white Phoenix and Kila Alexander Walker blue crusade numbered to 99 pelicans. His cards have been going up in price suit Part of my 90 current basketball player price go down right now To 149 Carmelo Anthony. There's Isaiah Roby auto numbered seven of ten for the Oklahoma City Thunder That's going out to Mark RJ Barrett LeBron James 45 of 249 nice Wow right behind that is a Kendrick Nunn prism rookie Rui had a pretty good game today Rex the Wizards aren't Might lose every single game they play because Bradley Beals out But I think Rui had like 18 points and nine rebounds. He had a pretty good game. There's Rui 80 of 149 RJ Luca There's a nice a bowl bowl Wow, look at that gala rookie number to eight Matisse Tybald for the Philadelphia 76ers That's a huge hit right there TJ Leonard nice one TJ one of eight This is one of the main chases of this product the gala rookies to eight Nice one. There's hero Kobe white number to 149 and Ty Jerome limited Relic auto 24 of 99 Guess that means they're not doing limited this year. I guess they haven't done it for a couple years Yeah, Ken. Oh, there's Zion Elements Kendrick Nunn He's not like a huge huge teller, but He might come second in rookie of the year at Bowdoin Behind John Moran He's a great It's kind of on the older side He actually played a few years in the G league with the Warriors system But obviously the Warriors were so stacked the last few years That there was really no room for him But he's been playing really I mean he won rookie of the month like three times I think Yeah, I mean If Zion had it missed time and he probably could have played but they're just really taking it pretty easy with Zion They're not gonna win anything this year anyway, so I guess that's what they think they have a really young team I think they might be the youngest team in the NBA or something like that. I Can't even think Through holiday, I guess maybe some of their role players JJ Reddick, I guess it's kind of on the older side For NBA standards. All right fourth and final box Chronicles breaks five and six are in the store Yeah, he is big But if you look at you know his numbers when he's been on the court, they've been like insane So I think he'll be fine There's RJ There's Rui 14 to 75 limited rookie Purple Andre Iguodala optic about 49 Traded of course mid-year Kendrick Nunn Donner's rated a rookie number to 149 Clark Prism Silver 16 of 99 Jordan pool Kobe White and there's Kendrick Nunn auto quad relic cornerstones number to 99 That's one for the heat and TJ Leonard nice break for TJ with the heat and the sixers I'm not sure if he's still watching but nice hits there There's Luca elements There's RJ Jamarant threads 9 of 49 Brandon Clark Romeo Langford to 149 Bowl Bowl crusade There's autographed Mario Shia 49 for the Philadelphia 76ers That's going out to TJ Kobe White Cam Reddish To one sorry to 249 Another Kendrick Nunn and a Jarrett Culver 8 of 149 to end the break Appreciate it. No Zion Inc yet had a couple nice inserts there But you can win the pelicans with every team you buy go check it out. We will have some packed fillers posted So thanks everybody appreciate it. We'll see y'all next time. Jasper's case breaks calm


What's up everybody, John Hammond here, wanting to showcase more of the Google Capture to Flag competition, some of the beginner's quest challenges. Before we jump in, wanted to showcase and shout out more of Live Overflow, another awesome YouTuber that does some of the same kind of stuff that I do. He was willing to play some of the Google Capture to Flag with me. We took a look at some of the harder challenges that were in the real actual set of CTF challenges Google CCF was releasing. The beginner's quest is just kind of a side tangent thing. And honestly, a lot of it was over my head. I'll be completely honest, I'm a noob. Live Overflow took a look at one of the challenges, JS Safe 2.0, and he rocked it. He solved it after a lot of hours of us taking a look at it. So props to him. He does incredible work. Check out his channel, check out his content. Really, really great guy. Hopefully we'll do a lot more CTF style stuff and hopefully collab more in the future, I don't know. All right, let's jump into where we left off in the beginner's quest. So one of this challenge is down here in green. We're getting to some more of the Pwn and Reverse Engineering stuff. This challenge is called Admin UI. I'm not gonna read this entire prompt because it has literally nothing to do with the challenge as most of these things. But we'll take our net cat connection and move on. Let's get a terminal open that we can work with this stuff. I like to work out of a folder for designated CTFs and I like to make a directory for the challenge that I'm working into. So let's go ahead and create a connect script because I always forget the host name and password for some of this stuff. Whenever I'm working with a service in a game, let's mark that executable. If I could type, hold a cow. Okay, and we are in, we are connected. So we get this little service, this little program we're talking to here and it's a management interface. We've got some options, service access, read Yula and patch notes and 3D quit. So let's check out what the first option is. Please enter the backdoor service password. Anything. Incorrect. Okay, the authorities have been informed. Okay, looks like it just logged us right out. Two, read Yula patch notes. Two, following patch notes were found, version 0.3, version 0.2, which patch notes should be shown. How about like a 0.3? Error, no such file directory. What? That's weird. That looks like a pretty explicit error. Maybe it needs the, probably full version 0.3. Yeah, okay, for 0.3, rollback of version two because of random reasons, blah, blah, blah. Okay, so that's filler data. Nothing actually important there. Anything for version 0.2. No, looks like more filler data. Okay, and three will obviously quit. Nothing else we can particularly do. Okay, so we're not given a binary in this. We don't have anything to really analyze or reverse engineer that easily. I had actually done a little bit of stuff well after I figured out what are the issues could be. Because this read Yula patch notes when you saw that error that said no such file directory when I tried to read something that wasn't quickly listed in here. That's a pretty explicit like bash error trying to open a file. So I actually was lurking in the IRC and the internet relay chat or the kind of the conversation with other players. And that's a pretty stupid, evil, cheap tactic but it happens all the time in CTFs. And I talked to someone who was working on the same challenge and he said, oh, well you can just do some legitimate file inclusion in this thing. If you really wanted to, you could move up some parent directories with your dot, dot, slash, dot, dot, slash, et cetera. And you can read things that you didn't expect to read like et cetera password. You can see that whole file is leaked for me. So I did some interesting things where I tried to like read out of proc self and then actually read out the executable. And I was able to literally dump the binary like this and I used that for some reverse engineering because I was able to get that and download it all. And I might show that because I ended up writing a Python PoneTool script for that. If you guys would like to see that, please say the word but that's not how I ended up getting the flag here. In this case, all you have to do is do a parent directory and flag. And out, it pops out CTF, I love buggy software. That was the flag for this challenge. Kind of cheesy, kind of dumb. I don't know how that could be guessed or I don't know particularly how, maybe what would have pointed me to that. But after all my reverse engineering tactic when I'm trying to figure out how to please into the backdoor service password or after I tried to dump strings that might have interesting things in this binary, nothing really happened. So I got something else with that, the up parent directory and flag, things that we know to test and try for. But let's note that it's flag.txt. We could if we wanted to create a get flag script for this because this is a little Python connection. And let's do that, actually just for kicks. Close 8.py. And I will zoom in on this just to add some more weight to this video. Let's import Pone. I want to cat out the connect script just so I know what I'm connecting to here. Okay, I like to steal that and use that. Host equals this, port equals this and that should be a number, not a string. Let's actually do it from Pone import all. So I can do a real easy remote. So I connect to it with host and port, s.close, create this window when I didn't have to, chmod plus x, eight, run it. Okay, we got the connection. If we wanted to remove that boilerplate stuff, we can do context.loglevel, set to critical or something so we don't see all those notifications or like trying to open a connection and close a connection. And we can print out s.receive if we wanted to. So we're getting all those content. Let's see where we go. Okay, s.sendline to, so we tell that we want to read some of those eulahs. We can see the following patch notes, which version would you like? Let's sendline that exploits, quote unquote, totally not an exploit, obviously not a real exploit, but the little bug or technique that will get us the flag and just like that. So let's remove all these print statements. So we're still receiving the data. It all comes in sequence, but all we care about is the flag. So I can move ape.py to get flag.py. And then when we run get flag.py, boom, we pump out the flag. Awesome. Let's throw that into xclip after our on get flag xclip. And we can submit that in our web browser for points or no points because beginner's quest doesn't have any points because of renews. But now we can mark this challenge as complete and move on. So thank you guys for watching. Hope you enjoyed this. I didn't have to, I didn't want to cover a whole lot of what that binary really was, but if you would like to see me try to write that Pwn script or that Python PwnTool script to actually literally pull the binary from bringing it from proc self, there's a lot of really cool stuff in proc self. I couldn't read the command line, but I was able to read EXE. I also looked at things like the environment variables, but there was nothing particularly interesting in there. And I can get into more of that if you'd really like me to, but Pwn, I'm sorry, PwnTools and that script was able to let me pull EXE and literally rip out the binary, which was neat. So, hey, thank you guys for watching. Hope you're enjoying these. Special shout out again to Live Overflow, check out some of his content, check in some of his videos, and hopefully we'll be able to do more stuff in the future. If you'd like to video, please click that button, like. If you'd like to leave me a comment, let me know what you think, please do that. And if you're willing to subscribe, that'd be awesome. So thanks again. See you later.


Welcome to the Wallach White, I'm Jessica. Oops, I mean Professor McGonigal. And today's video is going to be our first day of homeschool. So me and Kevin were up super duper late last night as you can see creating Hogwarts. Emily is not up yet. She will be up soon. She will receive her first like Hogwarts invitation letter and then she will come down to see everything we've created. So I am going to be sharing our entire first day with you guys. But before we get started, I wanted to tell you what we're going to be doing in case this is something you too would like to do. So I created Waldox Wizards and Wands as a year long study, which it 100% totally can be that. And that was my intention for our family when I created it. However, last year COVID happened and with COVID and some of the other things that we were dealing with, anxiety was high and emotions were high. So I didn't feel like progressing further into the darker Harry Potter books was appropriate at that time. So we decided to press pause, move on to something else. And then when Kevin came home full time and when we started talking about this new school year, he and Emily were both disappointed to hear that we were not going to be doing Harry Potter. So after sitting down as a family, we decided that each school year for the next few school years, at least till we finish, we will start off our school year with just this big magical bang. And it will include one Harry Potter book, which for us this year, we're going to be going back and finishing up the Prisoner of Azkaban, which is book three. And it's also going to include one unit from Waldox Wizards and Wands. So this year for us, that is herbology. So for the first four to eight weeks of our school year, we will kick it off in style with Harry Potter. And that will be with Prisoner of Azkaban and herbology. Now that doesn't mean we won't do a few other things like maybe a few spells and science experiments, but that will be the main focus of the start of our school year. And then we'll just roll right into whatever else we're going to be doing for third grade, which if you want to see that, you can see that right here. If you would like to see more about Waldox Wizards and Wands, you can see that right here as well. Now, without further ado, let's start our day. Dear Ms. Emily Waldo, I'm very pleased to inform you that you have the necessary talent and have been accepted at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizarding. It's a good. And all that you chewed up is on the end. You might want to eat that too. First day.


Hello everyone, welcome to NPTEL course on rural water resource management. This is week nine lecture one. Let's do a recap of week eight and what we looked at, what we discussed in week eight and then I will discuss what we are having to see in week nine. In week eight, we looked at rural water management issues. So what are the issues that are causing the water not to be used wisely and lack of water or impacting water security, what are the issues? We looked at capacity building where you may have the water but if you do not have the right people to work together to conserve to sustainably use water that is an issue that is called the need for capacity building and we looked at certain aspects. We looked at also infrastructure issues especially maintenance and ownership. You might have a check dam, you might have a groundwater recharge system but if it is not being maintained and no one takes care of it then it is not going to be efficient enough. We also looked at data issues. As I said, you cannot monitor nor measure if you don't have observation networks. Similarly, if you cannot measure you cannot monitor how groundwater or water discharge happens and if you cannot monitor you cannot manage. So you cannot measure if you don't have observation systems or other proxies like satellites and if you cannot measure, you cannot monitor, you cannot manage. This is the line that a lot of researchers use to say that you cannot manage what you cannot monitor and measure. So measuring, monitoring is very very important for water management especially for rural water management. Coming to week nine, we will look at rural water resources management using infrastructure which is engineered. So there are multiple infrastructures available but how do they differentiate between each other is mostly if it is engineered or a natural solution or a nature-based solution they call it. So engineered is where a lot of engineering happens, you have to clear the land, level the land etc whereas in nature-based solutions you evolve with nature, you develop with nature, preserve nature and then make it used for water resource management. Let us in this week look at the engineered solutions which is mostly dams and canal systems for surface water. We will also look at once you dam the water, once we have canal systems, how do you use the water for irrigation? Having the water stored is one thing but how can you use engineering solutions to better use the water is important and that is where check dams and lift irrigation systems play a vital role. Then we will look at the Ganttis water machine as an engineered solution for groundwater management which uses groundwater recharge shafts and another aspect is using technology to understand groundwater depletion and then communally use groundwater which is called managed aquifer recharge with a program. So we look at all these different technologies and engineered solutions where you would either make a dam large scale infrastructure or a small scale like a managed aquifer recharge, check dam or a pond that recharge the groundwater and you can use it later. Given the water issues, what are the available infrastructure in India? So even before we go into optimizing these engineered solutions, in this lecture we would look at what are the available structures and how are they useful? Again I would like to restress the fact that rural water management needs water security for all and water security is defined as do we have enough drinking water? Is the water available for economic solutions based on all livelihoods? Is there enough water for ecosystem services which includes biotic and ambiotic processes and is it enough to buffer us during climate change or other terms resilience to climate change? We've already discussed this in detail in the last lecture but I'm just bringing you to think about this water security in terms of an engineered structure. So already you could see ecosystem may not be that appropriate because most of the engineered structures have to take some parts of the ecosystem out. It could be birds, animals, your land, soil, forest etc. However it does satisfy all the other things. It does give you water for climate change, drinking water, economic development, hydropower etc. You will have to balance the water use according to all these four themes. Sometimes you may have to say that it is highly weighted on example drinking water, whereas I have to clear the land and sacrifice little bit of the ecosystem. So this is where a given date does happen in engineered solutions. The biggest issues for rural water management and water security are for rural systems. Let us see why does that happen? Why does rural system, rural entities have big water management issues especially for using engineered solutions? Let's differentiate Karif and Rabi cropping. So we know that Karif and Rabi are the two major cropping scenarios in India. Other than the winter cropping whereas Karif is the rain fed irrigation or the monsoon water is kept for irrigating the field which means a farmer need not go every day and open the channels for the water to go into the field and water the plants. It gets automatically watered by the rainfall. However if there is a change in rainfall pattern or enough rainfall happens then the farmer is at loss. The next is the Rabi cropping where it happens predominantly in the non-monsoon season and the non-monsoon season happens either before the Karif season or sometimes after the winter etc. So Rabi is mostly dependent on these structures to supply surface let us see what are the issues here. So Karif cropping is the rainfall season crop mostly dependent on monsoon rainfall because there are other rainfall also where it comes intermittently but most of the rainfall is kept in the two major monsoon seasons. The southeast, northwest monsoons if monsoon delays or fails then the cropping shifts to irrigation. Again if a land is there and it gets rainfall it is a Karif or monsoon crop. However if the monsoon fails or delays then a farmer has to pump and then put water or open a canal and put water that work intertiles it as an irrigation. Rabi cropping is augmented growing where you have to supply water for growth irrigated by multiple sources depending on the location depending on the crop and access to energy it is different sources. The most important source in India is the groundwater both deep and shallow aquifers act like a bank to store water during the monsoon season and when the non-monsoon season happens water is taken out from the aquifer and applied to the fields. Then you have surface water stored from big dams or smaller dams, medium dams and then the water is routed to the fields through canals in Rabi period and then you have water markets where people sell water tankers to support whatever livelihood you want have. It could be industry, it could be agriculture or even domestic use. So water markets are available and that can also augment Rabi crops. This course is going to focus on the engineered irrigation water supply but such infrastructure can also aid in Karif season. As I said mostly this lecture series in this particular week we would look at engineered solutions for irrigation water supply but remember that even these irrigation water are used in the Karif season which is the monsoon especially now during the climate change scenarios where too much flooding happens or too much water is given as rainfall within two three months rather than six months. So there is more water on the streets, more water on the field as flooding whereas in a Rabi season you will have no monsoon so you will eventually have to use water from these irrigation structures. We should start with surface water and then focus more on groundwater. In this lecture we will let's look at the surface water storage infrastructures and the first key one is the large dams in India. India has many major rivers you could see here as the Ganges, the Brahmaputra in this part of it comes here but mostly Narmada, Takti and you have Krishna, Kaveri, Pannara all these major, major rivers. Many major rivers have irrigation dams almost by default all these big irrigation schemes are being supported by these major rivers Kaveri for example. With dams there is considerable command area. So each dam will have a command area. When we discussed about watershed area and how these water boundaries are made I clearly explained that each dam will have a command area. We will discuss that also in today's class. This engineer structure caters to irrigation needs because it is made by cement clay sand and lot of concrete. It is not a nature-based solution. It is engineer to suit the water supply and water delivery to the field. Let's take one example and it's not only the major rivers that I tell you. I'll show you here that this image from the book Raghunath does not have all the other smaller major rivers in a state wise. This is national major rivers but then there is also statewide major rivers and here you could see that a snapshot of the reservoir database in Tamil Nadu. So reservoir is also another name for dams and you have a good website where you can click on these dams individual dams and get the daily water level. So and if you can subtract the previous day and today's water level you know how much water is released if there is a loss. If there is a gain from yesterday to today then the water has increased in the dam which means there has been a rainfall or a rainfall associated base flow or groundwater flow etc. So this easy way of monitoring has been done in the government board where they keep all these data in online version where you can download quickly whenever you need. It gives you the year of construction and also capacities and full levels, how much capacity is available, grass etc. You could see that even ancient structures, engineered structures are there. So engineer doesn't mean that you have to bring a big bulldozer and build it. In those days of the Pallava period for example they used elephants to bring the rocks, clear the land and then make the dam. Others avoid. So all these are available, very beautiful structures still working, still catering to the irrigation water demand in Tamil Nadu. Same way for other states also you have these websites. Let's discuss the command area as I said for irrigation dams. What is the command area? The canal command area is the area around the dam which directly gets irrigation water from the dam. So for example I'll just double draw something for you to show. First you have the dam. Each dam would have an area on the top and also the bottom. So this is called the catchment area of the dam where all the rainfall, water pools together and comes to the dam and then you have a command area. So this is the dam water and then you have a command area where it is more like this and each village or street would get water from these dams. So you are giving off some of the land here to save water and then slowly releases to the downstream of the dam which is called the command area or the irrigation area. Example the Sardar Sarvore Dam, you have 88,000 square kilometers in Gujarat. So you have the canal area and all the area where the canal serves the water from the SS Dam. That is where you have the water spread or the irrigation water being distributed and that distribution takes in together the command area. Because of this your crop area increases. So I'm just taking a case study of Gujarat from the previous slide that I've established a dam. So the dam and the command area which is the in red color while as the black is the canal network. So you could see here that the water is stored and then released along the canals. The canal density might be high in some regions and low in other regions which is fine. However the canal distributes water to the red line which is the command area which is the area that the irrigation happens. Just because a canal is passing doesn't mean that the water is going to be served because it may be lined and the water is going to a different location. So understand that from here to here there is a command area and if they increase the network of these canals there will be more command area. You could see the other side, the other side of the major canal there is no irrigation. No command area only dam because it is elevation also they don't want to pump it but not even small pumps are used to take the water. Most of the water goes to the dam. Stream locations which have been chosen for this dam. So the crop area has increased that is what we found in a study that because of the command area there has been a crop increase. So NDVI is an indicator using satellite images which tells you about the agricultural activity in a land or any plant trees activity. Since we are looking at agriculture area we're going to just look at the agricultural activity. So in monsoon season during the monsoon the NDVI 2003 you could see where the gray color is that is where agriculture was happening. And in rubby season there is this area which has been catered and most of the area is being catered either by groundwater or a canal network. So you can see all the canal network which we discussed in the previous slide getting water. So all the monsoon season water is stored in 2003 in the dams and then released in 2004 to the irrigation area or command area. Let's look at the summer. So this goes to the next monsoon season also but just before the monsoon we have the summer and in the summer season also some water is remaining. So there is some irrigation happening in these areas. So what is the total from 2003 to 2004? You have no crop only in this area because all three seasons there's no water and mostly it is high salinity in these areas. So they don't want to grow crops in these areas mostly the Kutch and other areas. However there is three season crops if you add one, two and three. You can see that the third season the red color is the winter season and then the green color is your rubby season and then the first season is given in yellow. So there is an overlap. So one piece of land can also be used for multi-cropping season. So for example, I'm putting one crop in three months then after the next season which is the rubby season I'll clear the land and put another crop. We're not talking about sustainability, fertility of the land. We're only talking about water availability and growing the plant. So in Gujarat you could see that the three season crops are present in this area which means in the red area three times the crop has been taken in a single year. Whereas in the yellow season it is only one which is mostly the monsoon but then in the second two season areas you could see most of Saurastra, most of the canal command area given in these areas. So this is how a structure engineered concrete large structure can increase the water storage thereby increasing the agricultural productivity. So as per the green revolution an increase in water storage can lead to better crop growing periods and also better crop productivity. So both green revolution other measures like engineering, technology, your pumps, all the electricity, fertilizers all these aspects that went into green revolution also had excess water due to the surface storage structures and now the crops are growing. So this has influenced the crop area increase as you see between two years, two large difference of years 2003 to 2004 and 2010-2011 you could see that almost 10 years difference but the cropping area has increased and the number of times the crop has been grown as increased. So the more crop region stays the same whereas the winter season crop PCDI non-monsoomal is given in number one which is the yellow color in both the regions whereas the two cropping winter and summer season rubbish cropping has increased greatly along the north and southern parts of Gujarat and also in the Saurastra region. You could see that a lot of red color is coming. So what has driven this? This has been driven by your structure, your water structure, the major structure for dam, SSP, SSP dam and then the canal network just not having the dam would be there. SSDAM is there but you have to take the water and supply it to the villages which is the channel wide network and how canals are running. So wherever the canals are running the cropping area increased thereby giving more profit to farmers but not only that we also saw that groundwater recharge increased in these regions because when you send water in the canal the canal is not lined in the bottom and water can recharge. So that aspect was taken by the film director and captured very well in the movies for groundwater related documentaries. If you can see that a lot of these movies and documentaries which are made on the green revolution you could see how groundwater is being captured and used well for recharge and other estimates. Okay. In this new study what the authors found is that not only does the channel bring water but also the channel gives water to the groundwater network because these canals are not lined. When they are not lined the water can release into the groundwater recharge but we are here only focusing on the dams and infrastructure. What I'm saying is there's also indirectly charged that can happen because of water flowing in canals and recharging the network. That is why even though the other regions are turning red in the peak summer season wherever the canal is flowing the water is still available example here and it is done by like this. So when the water is released multiple ditches and smaller canals can be dug and taken out from the major canal which comes from the engineer structure of dam and that water can be intermittently supplied so that the groundwater recharge happens and this has been very carefully explained in this study by Alina Singh in 2011 which is a very famous method called the ditch and furrow method. You take the water from your main channel make smaller channels and then supply water in between the channels thereby increasing the time the water spends with the ground for recharge. Again all this water is from the dam water so your dam water is not only giving water for agriculture but indirectly it can recharge also. So let's look at the pros and cons of these centralized large infrastructures for rural water management. The pros are decentralized water supply for irrigation from a centralized dam storage. What does it mean centralized okay so you have a village and then the village has a dam here for example this is a centralized location which supplies water to the entire village through canals okay whereas a decentralized would be a small check dam which gives water to this village a small check dam which gives water to this village small check dam giving water to this village. So there are differences between decentralized and a centralized system however the pros the benefits are you can use the centralized dam to make smaller decentralized units because a canal is taking water to the village and from the village you can have a ditch and furrow method which can spread the water into multiple locations thereby making it a decentralized. Unlined canals promote groundwater recharge also which we saw in the previous slide in Gujarat where groundwater recharge was happening even though the other regions where there is no canal network the water was not recharging. With the demand estimates a superintendent engineer can calculate the demand water mass water balance approach for the dam and then he can say here she can say this is how much water is coming into the dam this is how much is lost to evaporation and transportation along the banks but I will still have water for supplying for other purposes and that actually gives information for the release of water into the agricultural network. Also these centralized big dams can act as a buffer for storing the flood water for example the lakes and ponds that are monitored in Tamil Nadu and Chennai they have to be on alert when there is a big flood because when there's a flood the water in the water structure increases and they cannot release it if the downstream is already flooded so they have to be carefully slowly releasing it so that it doesn't affect the other floods. In other words also when there is a flood supposed to happen the water can be stored in these large structures so that there won't be a flood happening in the downstream location. The ponds the opposite for benefits okay let's see what are the ponds care has to be taken that the water is not lost before the canal end area farmers get water because most of the time what you see is there is recharge there is evaporation loss so there are multiple losses that can drive the groundwater out through irrigation and other sources or put more surface water into groundwater and thereby reducing the canal water to go into the farm. Our aim when you build the dam is to store the water and supply to the farmer the supply network which is the canal should not be losing so much water that at the end of the day a farmer doesn't get water so you have to maintain this delivery supply system however that is costly and requires large clearances and the dam requires larger area of infrastructure and clearing of the land because you cannot store water on a tree right you have to clear the land make it into a depth so that you can capture the volume and store the volume. So in this lecture today we have looked at one type of groundwater resource management using engineered structures which is your large dams in the following lectures we will look at multiple multiple sources thank you I will continue with this slide


What's behind the Sphinx's ear? Hidden in plain sight for many a millennia, there is clearly a blocking stone still in place. A blocking stone we would never have noticed if it weren't for a rather unusual source of information. Recently, we covered the amazing story of Kipri Yanovich Boryskha, the extraordinarily intelligent boy from Russia that, from a young age, has supposedly been able to remember a past life, a life as a pilot upon the once flourishing planet Mars, destroyed during a catastrophic war. What is extraordinary regarding this claim, however, is the remarkable information that Boryskha has somehow been able to share from a very young age, information which has taken astronomers many years to realize. According to Boryskha, life on Earth will change irrevocably when the Great Sphinx is unlocked, using a mysterious mechanism behind one of its ears. Unfortunately, he has not given any further details about what exactly the opening of the Sphinx will do, though this was enough for us to notice the anomaly resting upon this very ancient monument. Boryskha has unfortunately since disappeared. However, while in the public eye, he claimed that he was a reincarnated soldier, placed here upon Earth to avert the same destructive fate as Mars, claiming that many of his kind exist upon the Earth, calling them indigo children, often stating all of this while in a trance, which is highly compelling, as he is not the only one who once prophesized very similar astonishing developments that would, one day, arise surrounding the Great Sphinx. Edgar Cayce, an American Christian mystic, would often answer questions on subjects such as healing, reincarnation, wars, Atlantis, and future events, also while in a trance. Was Cayce also an indigo child? Graham Hancock is another figure who has publicly claimed that there are many mysteries still left to be unraveled surrounding the Sphinx, specifically that a time capsule is hidden within the Sphinx, a capsule that we will only discover as a species once we are intellectually capable of absorbing its message. When it was shared within the mainstream media recently that an enormous cavity had indeed been quietly discovered within the Great Pyramid of Khufu. The largest of the Great Pyramids, the only one with tunnels constructed within its inside, and additionally, the only one which is, in fact, eight-sided. The reaction by the Egyptian Antiquities authorities was very revealing of their attitude towards secrets being revealed to the public. Not only were the claims made from reliable sources, but they are also backed up by extensive research projects, and indeed, its resulting evidential data. However, this has not deterred Professor Zoe Hawass from publicly denying any such cavities very existence, shrugging off all claims and accompanying research as, quote, lies and hearsay. With such enormous hurdles in place, prepared to stifle any such discoveries from going public, it is inevitably going to be an uphill battle to expose the truth regarding the great sphinx of Giza. From all over the planet, ancient legends of a bipedal ape-like creature, far larger, yet apparently incredibly intelligent, have persisted into the modern day. Legends which arose worldwide. Creatures now witness by literally millions of souls, yet regardless of the literally global distribution of reports of these said animals, they have remained elusive to modern science. In all but a few, very interesting and curious cases, one of which being a most curious of discoveries made in 1951 on none other than the slopes of Mount Everest. Some argue that such a large creature, no matter the remoteness of its claimed habitat, if in existence would have been captured and or exposed to the wider public by now. This, regardless of their possible intelligence, ability to see an infrared allowing them to dodge trail cams and also that there are discoveries of new animals, including large mammals made almost weekly on our planet. It would seem, although modern technology has brought us together, giving the apparent impression that our planet be smaller than it is, in reality, there are still vast stretches of terrain yet to be fully explored, and rarely, if ever, visited by man. Mysterious events have also occurred during the modern age, like that of the Dyetlov pass incident or the Pangbosh Yeti, which still reside within a monastery in Nepal, which all evade explanation without the existence of this creature. As mentioned, in 1951, an incredible find was stumbled upon by none other than Eric Shipton, an incredibly trustworthy source and man of great integrity. While on the menlung glacier on the west side of Mount Everest, while looking for an alternative route to the summit, Shipton came across a seemingly unending set of tracks, recently left by a barefooted bipedal creature of massive proportions, so stunned was Shipton by this find. He carefully examined and photographed the best print, laying his ice axe beside it in an attempt to demonstrate its enormous size. According to National Geographic, quote, Shipton and Michael Ward were searching for an alternative Everest route when they came across the prints. Shipton was one of the most highly respected Everest explorers, so if he is bringing back a print, it is a real print. Nobody could ever question that. End quote. Thus, the question is, what could have made them? Could these be authentic actual prints of a snow Yeti or abominable snowman? A slightly different species of Sasquatch? One adapted to colder, more mountainous environments?  Daniel Taylor, for example, author of Yeti, The Ecology of a Mystery, has been searching for signs of this particular abominable snowman within the high Himalayas since he was a child. With the world book encyclopedia even approaching Sir Edmund Hillary to pursue the find's origins, he was quoted as saying, we shouldn't just go Yeti searching, but should also study how people could live at such high altitudes. End quote. The publication was so convinced of their authenticity, as was Hillary himself, that they built a house at 19,000 feet and experimented on how humans acclimatized. With such efforts going into the find, one must wonder why the possibility of its existence, if you also take into account the Pengbosch remains, and also the Dyetlov Pass incident, why the possibility of their reality is so passionately dismissed as impossible by so many. The Shipton prints are a mystery which is undoubtedly incredibly compelling. When people visit the southeastern Anatolian province of Mardin, this gem of lost antiquity quietly sits, often overlooked, and when one begins to investigate said sight, they are often left with more questions than answers. For why does such an astonishing ruin go largely unnoticed? Why is it not more largely discussed within archaeological circles? Could it be due to the fact, as one with any level of knowledge regarding lost civilizations and the proof therein laches eyes upon the sight, they instantly recognize its characteristics synonymous with these studies, matching other, yet rather interestingly, accidentally revealed ruins from around the world? The style of, and the decision to bore the dwellings from solid stone, reminiscent of many unexplained ruins, such as the underground city of Derenkuyu, a particularly interesting sight when indeed discovered entirely by accident, one which to this day remains heavily debated, and to some highly controversial. This sight, known as Dara, is exhibiting geological processes which are now unfortunately beginning to erode it back into the landscape. The construction technique, however, still testament to its original builder's abilities and indeed its possible age, yet this does not answer the question as to why this ruin goes largely untalked of, largely unstudied and overlooked. For parallel to the erosion argument exhibiting its true age, it can also be used as an advocate for its official dating within the Byzantine era. The lack of surviving ruins will often be used as a way to dismiss such claims of antiquity, due to a lack of evidence. Thus, we wanted to dig a little deeper to see if, via visual evidence, we could confirm that there is indeed reason to suspect that the sight could possibly generate controversy for those who originally dated the sight, this to confirm our initial suspicions. Still, surviving tool marks present upon the stones match that of other controversially dated sites. How can a ruin, apparently dating from the Bronze Age, exhibit such long cut marks or finishes across the stone? Like that of the ancient pyramids, how could copper tools have accomplished such feats within Dara, Giza, and the other sites around the world? It is a question which we find highly compelling. The Nubian pyramids, a series of hundreds of pyramidal structures and ruins, making up part of the ancient cities of Kush and Marui. The structures incorporate styles from many different equally ancient ruins from around the world, displaying to all the reach of this once global civilization. The first recorded settlers in this part of Sudan date back as far as 300,000 years, with the civilization that is claimed to have built and indeed painted these structures are dated as far back as 4,000 years. The city of Kush is renowned for having the finest pottery in all the Nile Valley, evidence of the builder's past capabilities. Yet what we found the most interesting about the ruins is a decorative piece found within one of these ancient structures within the ancient city of Marui. Amongst over 200 sandstone pyramids, a depiction can be found within a rather peculiar mural. Like that of the ancient depictions of Gilgamesh, repeatedly showing carrying an adult male lion like a kitten, this image in fact shows an ancient giant carrying an elephant in each hand. And although this is clearly a remarkable detail, it is not the only features of note that are to be found within the picture. First brought to the attention of mainstream study in 1821 by the French mineralogist Frédéric Calus, it has since been noted that the giant's features were seemingly Caucasian in appearance, with his hair a light red in color, something we have touched upon in the past with witnessed testimonies of ancient remains of red-headed giants being reportedly found worldwide, in particular Lovelock Cave. Thus one wonders, could this be a true depiction of not only the builders of the Nubian pyramids, but possibly Giza's great pyramids and the many other either publicly studied or covered up structures found around the world? It is a possibility which we find incredibly compelling. How can one still claim the pyramids to have been tombs when they are aware of the astounding burial chambers found within the Valley of the Kings? With the tomb of the sons of Ramses II, being not only the largest, but what many archaeologists believe, second to the pyramids and their accompanying sphinx, is the next greatest discovery ever made within ancient Egypt. A literal labyrinth of chambers, it was initially discovered in 1825, yet due to its gargantuan scale, it wasn't until 1995, and thanks to an Egyptologist known as Kent R. Weeks that we have begun to re-establish its true possible size. The tomb was examined several times, even being investigated by Howard Carter himself, yet due to the outer tombs having been looted in antiquity, he simply used them as a dumping ground for rubble. It was not until 1995, during the Theban Mapping Project, when Weeks decided to clear the outer tombs. Approximately 70 rooms lined along long corridors, running far back into the hillside were found. The number of rooms were then said to correspond to the number of sons the pharaoh sired. However, further excavations have revealed that the tomb is even larger, the size of an underground town cut directly from a granite hillside, its true scale still unknown. As of 2006, at least 130 chambers have so far been discovered, yet work continues on clearing the rest of this underground maze. We feel that although a later civilization, one lacking the knowledge to build such monuments, came along and claimed these relics as their own, with the possible motivation of an illusion of power, like that of the many other sites we cover worldwide, predictably, now also conveniently tied to these groups in academia. Yet the true feat these chambers would have been, along with the riches these pharaohs often left behind, are not only proof that these creations and collections of wealth were not only far beyond the ability of copper-wielding academically-claimed builders, but that the archaeological evidence does indeed support the theory that these kings either ruled during the creator's civilization or built these monuments themselves. Yet how remains an infuriating enigma? We also feel their age and indeed original lineage in the true history of the Giza Plateau is what ultimately becomes convoluted. Yet I digress. Who built KV-5? It is a place we find highly compelling.