Inside Hawaii Real Estate, I'm Will Tanaka, and I wanted to introduce you to my wife and co-host, Leonie Lam. Thank you, Will. Well, it is a full-time Hawaii Real Estate professional and a licensed attorney in the state of Hawaii. And Leonie and I actually work together as a husband and wife real estate team. Leonie is actually a Hawaii State Real Estate broker and a 20-year veteran in the Hawaii's real estate industry. You know, we actually love real estate because we get to help clients right at the front lines with buying and selling their homes. And that's who we are. But our real mission, our true mission on this show is to share inside our real estate information with you by having amazing guests to provide you with resources, perspectives, everything about Hawaii Real Estate. Well, today we actually have a very special guest, Kayu Lani Shinsato, affectionately known as Lani Shinsato. She's the director of customer energy resources program at Hawaiian Electric. She's responsible for overseeing Hawaiian Electric's rooftop solar and battery programs for residential and commercial customers. So that's a lot of homes, that's a lot of people. And she's also in charge of strategy and policy for customer energy resources. So Lani is passionate about solar, clean energy, renewable energy. So when you're talking about solar and PV and rooftops, batteries, she's the go-to person for HIKO. She actually has her law degree from the William S. Richardson School of Law. And she actually works with stakeholders, very important people to design new solar programs to improve the interconnection process throughout the island. So with Lani and her team, Hawaii continues to lead the nation in customer adoption of rooftop solar. That is like fantastic. Welcome Lani. Welcome Lani. And we are just so excited to have you and representing Hawaiian Electric Company here on our show, Inside Hawaii Real Estate. And just to kind of kick things off, we're gonna start with a really challenging question. Is that okay? Of course, I love challenges. So when it comes to energy in Hawaii, kind of straight up, does Hawaiian Electric Company want Hawaii residents to have solar? Or does HIKO not want Hawaii residents to have solar? What is Hawaiian Electric's position on this? Well, thank you for the question and thank you, Will and Leone, for the opportunity to be here. I really value and appreciate any time we get a chance to talk to an audience with customers. So I'm so happy to be here. And the answer to your question is absolutely yes, we want our customers to have solar. Solar is a big part of our plans to move to renewable energy and decarbonize. And so we're gonna need our customers to help us get there. It's gonna be a journey for everybody. So it's important if customers have solar already, thank you. If you don't have solar yet, please come check out our website there. There's still opportunities for customers to enroll. So we encourage everybody to consider it. Okay, that's great to know, Lani. And you know, in terms of, you talked about decarbonization. Hey, can you just, you know, what that is? What? I know. And for me too, you know what I mean.  So decarbonization is trying to limit, bring down the amount of carbon that we use as a state. This is actually a global problem or challenge for everybody. But we as a state in Hawaii have set some of the most ambitious renewable and decarbonization goals. So we're really a leader here. And it's exciting to be working in this space. So whatever we can do to bring down our carbon emissions is what decarbonization means. Ah, got it, got it. Okay. So you know, in terms of renewable energy and, you know, we hear the term like fossil fuels. And you're, I know you're all about clean energy and renewable energy. And can you take it, dig into that a little bit deeper? Yeah, fossil fuels, they're kind of the bad stuff that we're trying to mitigate and reduce as much as possible. Fossil fuels come from coal and they will contribute to, you know more and more carbon in our environment and in our atmosphere. So rather than fossil fuels that we use to power up our bigger generating units we want to move to clean renewable energy. And what that means is we have lots of different sources of renewable energy. Solar, of course, that, you know what I promote a lot is one and wind is another one. And we have like in Hawaii, we're so rich in resources. We're really, really blessed to live here because we have so many renewable resources. And I should do a call out also to geothermal. So if you live on Hawaii Island we have a geothermal plant there as well. And that's a form of renewable energy. So cool. So one of the benefits for HIKO if homeowners get solar like for their homes or for their businesses I mean does HIKO still make money if people get their own solar systems? Thanks for that question. So as I mentioned earlier we need customers rooftops to help us reach our renewable goals. So for example on Oahu we have the densest population but smaller land area as compared to another island like Hawaii Island, right? So we're very land constrained and because of that we're gonna need to have our customers roofs to put solar on to help us get to the renewable goals. We can't get there just by building big solar farms or wind farms just because we don't have enough space. So that's definitely how we benefit at the utility. And then another way we benefit is and this is definitely like a paradigm shift from how it was in the past we're trying to retire our generators that use fossil fuels and basically our customers now with more and more batteries that our customers are adopting they can sort of act like those big fossil fuel generating units. So one thing that happens for us in the utility is prior to COVID our typical day would look like customers would go off to work or school they come home around five they start cooking, going in the shower, washing clothes doing all the things we have to do at home when we come home at night. So from the utility side we would see usage go up very high in the night. This is common. And for us supply always has to equal demand real time. So if our customers are demanding electricity and power we have to supply them that exact amount at that time. No more, no less. So that's a big challenge for us. So now if our customers have a battery they can their solar can store that battery and when they come home at night they can draw from the battery rather than from us. And that really helps us because for us to generate electricity at night is the most expensive. So if we can we call it lowering the peak if we can lower the peak that helps all customers because we're lowering the cost of electricity for all of our customers. So that's how we benefit as well getting back to your original question that's how we benefit if customers can sign up for solar and perhaps even a battery. Great, Lani. So you know about the real time supply equaling demand. I want to dig into that a little bit. So let's say hypothetically everyone comes home at 530. Everyone starts turning on the lights turning on their electric stove turning on the AC all at 530. So is there someone like a team manually just turning it on at the same time so that the supply equals demand? Is there is a computer generated? How does that work? This is fascinating. Thankfully that's not my job because it's a really stressful job. But yeah, I have to thank the hardworking men and women in our system operations area whose job is to safely run our electric grid. So that's what they're doing. And I think some of it is real time because every day is different. Last weekend we had tons of clouds, heavy rains and so we didn't have as much solar as we would usually see. They have to always monitor that, like what is going on in the weather on a daily basis. But yeah, basically there's a lot of planning involved. So it's not like every day is different and they're just like flying by the seat of their pants. There's a lot of planning involved. And so they can sort of predict what a day is gonna look like. But yeah, when it comes time to that 5.30 or 5 o'clock to 9 o'clock period, if the usage is really going up they are having to turn on extra generators in order to meet that demand. And usually those generate, we call them the peakers. Usually those generators that we have to turn on at night are expensive. So to the extent we can ask customers to shift their usage during the day because of course the sun is shining during the day and that's when we have so much solar generation we wanna soak that up. So we're trying to find ways to ask our customers to shift their usage as much as they can to daytime so we can lower our peak. That sounds like a pretty intense job though still even though that they have like the ability to kind of know what their day is gonna look like just having that responsibility. Totally. Pretty, pretty intense right? And then we kind of talked a little bit, I mean, you mentioned about rooftop solar which is kind of what we're discussing and I was saying like the Ticlo somic money and all of that and you kind of were explaining the benefits. But I think, so we're probably familiar with rooftop solar which is like having panels on your roof and everything but can you kind of explain what is NEM or net energy metering? Just kind of a basic definition if you could. Sure, the net energy metering it's probably well known by a lot of people because we have a lot of customers on net energy metering. So NEM actually started I think in 2001, long time ago and it was our first solar program. It was made to incense customers to invest in solar. So we got a lot of customers on through net energy metering. I think we have a lot of 60,000 customers enrolled in NEM. It was a very good program. So what happens is if you have solar on your roof you use what you can but if you can't use all of it it's gonna export that generation back to the utility. And whatever is exported back to us we will pay that customer retail rates which is high.  So it's a really good program. It was closed in 2015 though so we've moved on and now we have new programs that customers can enroll in. So how would someone know if they have a net meter system or not or some other program? Let's say a buyer is looking to buy a house and they're like, is this net metered or is this under some other solar program? It would show on their bill. So it would say net energy metering signed agreement or something along those lines. So if someone is curious as to whether or not they're net energy metered they can just look on their point electric bill and it will tell them. And then along those lines too if they have questions about how to read their bill we have a really good resource on our website that takes customers step by step what is being shown in their bill so that they can better understand what they're receiving every month from us. So once a home is net metered does that mean that even if it transfers to a new owner it just stays with the home? That's correct.  And like I mentioned earlier it's close to new customers. Very cool. You said the program ended in 2015. So what would a homeowner do if they didn't get solar before then? Should they still get roofed up solar? And you know how does he incentivize people to help with the cost? Yes they should. I mean solar isn't gonna be right for everyone. So we tell people to consider it. You know if you're if you're living by yourself somewhere and your usage is already low and you're doing a lot of energy efficiency it might not make sense for you to make a big investment and put panels on your roof. But that could look different if you're a big family you have a lot of usage. Let's say you have an electric vehicle I mean there are lots of good reasons to invest in solar and we have a lot of options for customers to enroll in solar lots of different programs. So we have like customer grid supply plus we have a self-supply type of program and that's more focused on if you're just gonna use the solar yourself and not ever send anything back to us. We have a program just like that. And you know I looked on my electric bill and I saw that I am a NEM customer or we are NEM customers. All right. Awesome. I'm excited and feel like one of the special 60,000 people and we're like one of them. We're sure. So what for our house for example like if we wanted to add on more panels because you know it's time or whatever are we restricted from doing that as a existing NEM customer or is it something that we would be able to do? You can you can add on even if you're a NEM customer which is closed we have a program called NEM plus. And so you're able to add on to your system. So the addition, the caveat is the additional part of your system that you add on cannot export back to us and that's for technical reasons. We didn't want like tons of export coming back to us uncontrolled because like I mentioned supply always has to equal demand. So we're really trying to manage that as best as we can because we have so much customer-cited solar now we're trying to manage that as best we can from a technical standpoint from the system operator side that we don't want to stress them out anymore. So we're trying to manage that uncontrolled export coming back to the utility. So in short, yes, you can add on to your system and still stay a NEM customer but that extra part that you add on can't export back to us. If you talk to your contractor your contractor will know all those rules and they'll set up your system to be in compliance with our requirements. Awesome, so looking to NEM plus if you're an existing NEM customer and we are fortunate to be one of those. Correct, you are. Awesome. But if you're not a NEM customer there's all these other programs. Oh, definitely. Yeah, that you were talking about. Yes, yes, including for myself I wasn't able to be NEM but I was able to get into another one of our programs, customer grid supply plus. So that's available and like I mentioned, customer self supply we have another one called smart export and that's where customers really aren't incentivized to export during the day because that's when we have tons of solar, right? So they're incentivized to use that solar up during the day and then at night they get compensated if they send anything back to us. Yeah, so lots of different programs they are set to end, I should note. These programs are considered interim so they were always considered kind of temporary until we moved on to more long-term programs. And so by the end of this year all of the interim programs are set to expire and we're going on to, yeah. Yeah, so if you want to get on to the ones we have now now's the time to do it. Wow, that creates some level of urgency when you know things are gonna be kind of cycling out, right? So now is the time. Correct, correct. That's right. And then you know, we talked about batteries so we hear a lot about whether Tesla batteries or batteries provided by other solar companies. How does, is there programs for that for HECO and can you tell us a little bit more about how batteries work? So you have, so we have solar but how does batteries support the consumer and also work hand in hand with your team? So that's a super important and loaded question. Well, batteries are really important to us right now and we're definitely leading the nation here too with the adoption of customer batteries. So batteries really help the grid, like I mentioned the solar is only gonna come out during the day. And so if you want to have something that's powering your home at night that came from the solar, you kind of need a battery. So once the customer gets that battery first they're gonna use it up during the day. The generation from the house or from the roof is gonna feed the house but whatever they don't need it's gonna go into that battery. And so that way at night that battery can then be the house but we actually have a program where we're incentivizing customers to adopt a new battery. It's called Battery Bonus that is also gonna expire this year. So if anybody's been on the fence about getting a battery now's the time to get off the fence and invest in a battery. So we're paying customers on Oahu and Maui a one-time incentive to invest in the battery. And then we also give them monthly incentives as well. And that really is like I mentioned earlier we wanna bring down that peak in the nighttime. So between five and nine when it's the most expensive for us to serve all of our customers we wanna incentivize customers to bring down their usage or send energy back to us so that we can have that serve all customers. So that's kind of the objective behind the program. And it's also a means for us to just get more and more renewable energy out there. We're trying to retire the fossil fuel power plants that I talked about earlier those are associated with carbon. We're trying to decarbonize, right? So we're bringing down the fossil fuel we're adding more renewable. And so that's pretty much the high level objective of the program. But the really neat thing about it is we're asking our customers to do this for us. So before everything were these big fossil fuel plants which we still need but everything was kind of like big centralized and then we would push power out to customers. And now it looks totally different because we're asking our customers to kind of act like that power plant. And so what they can provide back to us whether it's the energy they give us or we call it grid services which is like a fancy term for all these other services we need to provide in order to provide safe power to our customers. They can now provide that to us and we will compensate customers for that. So it's kind of this whole new like future that we're walking into. It's a really exciting time for customers to adopt solar and storage. Wow. It totally sounds like it. Yeah. That's a lot. Yeah. We've covered so much ground already but then you know so you are like in leadership with Hawaiian Electric Company you're the director of community resources. You know when you're looking at 2023 I know we're in February now so we're still in Q1 but what's on your plate this year? What are your main objectives or what do you need to accomplish this year? Oh that it's gonna be a huge year. Huge year for us. One of the things that we're really excited about is our program called Shared Solar. And so we've done really, really well with customer adoption of solar but it's mainly been customers who live in single family homes but we wanna expand access to renewables to more of our customers. Including we have a lot of customers living in condominiums. We have a lot of customers who rent. We have a lot of customers who are on fixed income or low to moderate income. We care about all of our customers and so we wanna expand access to them. And so Shared Solar is one way for us to do that. And so this is kind of different because you don't put solar on your roof. You can't really do that if you live in a condo or if you rent you can't put it on your roof. So what happens instead is you buy a portion of a bigger solar project that's maybe in your neighborhood and then you get bill credits on your bill just like you would if you were Will and Leonie and you have a NEM system. You get the monthly credits on your bill but you don't have to have solar on your roof. So we're really excited about this program. So that's what's coming up I think in 2023. And then we're also gonna be launching our new programs that I mentioned a little bit earlier. So we're getting all of that implemented ready for launch by August of 2023. Wow, that is a lot on your fleet for 2023. Good stuff, good work. Very good. Real quick, you know just going back to the town home or condo owners. So you're seeing those programs will be coming out sometime later this year. Yes, well in fact, I mean, they're already going it's just we're getting more systems actually installed. So it's taken us some time to get systems installed that customers can buy a portion of. So that's what's gonna be happening more in 2023. And for the next couple of years we're gonna have more shared solar systems in the ground where customers can go and we actually will have a portal where customers can go to the portal, they can look at the different systems, they can shop around, they can get quotes from different developers and say, okay, how much is this gonna cost me if I were to buy a portion of this solar farm. So we're hoping to make it really easy for customers to shop around and then also to enroll in shared solar. And that's starting up this year. That is next level, wow. Yeah, it is, it really is. You know, we talked about people's renewable goals and facts, you know, for Hawaii. And do you have a sense of like, where does Hawaii, like how is Hawaii doing in terms of all the other states, you know, across the nation in terms of renewable energy? We are leading the nation for renewable energy and especially for customer renewable energy. And I think we should be really proud of that as a state. And I think for everybody who lives here, I think we all love Hawaii. My ask is to, if you haven't done it yet, you know, get engaged with energy, think about, you know, what goes on behind just the lights turning on every day and it's, you know, really easy to kind of get used to that and not think about it. But we're moving into this really exciting space and we should be really proud of where we've come, but also, you know, let's all get in the canoe together and make sure that we're on this journey and we can reach the big goals that we set for ourselves. So true, so true. And a lot of it has to do with just kind of being mindful of our consumption, right? Is that? Absolutely, absolutely. How much you use? Yeah, we can all probably conserve in some ways or do energy efficiency, get better appliances. There's something that everyone can do. Well, Lani, that was fantastic. I mean, that was like a wealth of information, so much energy and experience and, you know, a lot of takeaways and programs to share with our viewers. So thank you so much for all your time and energy. No pun intended. Thank you so much for having me. I really enjoyed it. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn and donate to us at thinktechhawaii.com. Mahalo.


And here we have a very special 64-bit development board. Yes, this is the first 96 boards product. This is an initiative that Lanaro has started. Barrow has been working on bringing up the board with Android. We're also bringing up Debian. And the goal of 96 boards is to provide low-cost hardware that's compatible across different SOCs. So the idea is to create a single community, both for software developers and for hardware module makers that will work across multiple SOCs in the ARM ecosystem. So right here you've been using this board for the last couple weeks? Or how long? Yes, I got one about two weeks ago. So everything was on a little tight schedule to get everything ready to demo and ready to release as soon as it was made public. But in the end, it's not working perfectly yet. There's still some work going on on accelerated graphics drivers which should hopefully be finished later this week, maybe next week. But overall it's working. We've shown both Android and Debian running. And the performance is actually quite good. We can compile a kernel on it in under an hour. So what's it called? So you've been busy this week working on this one and you're going to show it also tomorrow, right? The demo day. Yes. Tomorrow we are going to have two demos from the Android side. One is Android running on new devices including the high keyboard. And one is support for different tool chains ranging from the version of GCC that's shipped with Android over GCC5 to Clang. Cool. So looking forward to that tomorrow. We'll let you continue working on that. Yeah. Cool. See you later. Thank you. See you tomorrow. So what's the idea with the 96 boards? So the goal of 96 boards is to have an open hardware specification that manufacturers can build boards to. We have one for consumer, mobile and embedded devices and one for enterprise devices for the server market and networking market. And this is the consumer one. It's a small form factor board. Very low profile. So it's suitable for putting into embedded products like robots or UAVs, intelligent displays. But it's also an excellent software development platform. Multiple USBs, HDMI, SD card. This is the high silicon 8 core A53. And it has flash memory and Wi-Fi Bluetooth. And then it has these expansion connectors. This is a low speed expansion connector and carrying GPIOs, SPI, I2C. And then this is a high speed connector carrying two CSI interfaces and a DSI interface. So is it possible to convert this into something like SATA? No, so this is DSI and CSI which are the high speed display and high speed camera interfaces. So if the SOC supports it, you can have a 1080p or even a 4K display on there and also one or more camera interfaces. For something like SATA and high speed networking you'd probably use the enterprise version of the board which is a little bit bigger and gives you interfaces to things like gigabit ethernet and external SATA drives. So this is extremely compact. This is kind of like a credit card. Credit card size, yes. Exactly credit card size. Yes it is. And it's the first time that a low cost board has been created using ARM V8 until this board was available this week. To get an ARM V8 development board a 64-bit ARM board would have cost you thousands of dollars. You can buy one of these and you can order one of these today for $129 and we hope later in the year that will even drop as the volume increases. And the great thing about this is it's not just going to be one board it's going to be multiple boards from multiple manufacturers using different SOCs with different features that will all be compatible. So if you're a peripheral vendor you will be able to build a peripheral that plugs on top of any of these boards. So we're really excited by this. Does that mean the connectors will be the same place? Connects will be in the same place, same pin out so that if you design, for example, an intelligent display to plug onto this board that intelligent display can be reused on any 96 boards product. Nice. So it'll just be exactly the same place for the screws? Exactly the same place for the screw holes for the main connectors and then vendors can put on additional functionality if they like but they must have these components in these spaces. We do allow Type C connectors which is the exciting new USB connector that you can turn either way up. That will make the board even more low profile and then you can plug a module on top. Very thin. What goes on by default on the back? So on the back there's just any additional components that are needed. This is typically power supply components. There's a USB hub on the back here. This is an EMMC flash memory and there are minimum requirements but it's up to vendors how much memory they put on, for example. So the idea here is you provide a minimum spec and why do you do that? We do that so that we can support software and testing. So we want to be able to support a full Linux distribution on these boards. We want to be able to support Android and potentially other operating systems. And so this has been at Linaro you're working a bunch of engineers, right? And they've been, I guess, one of the main guys in the world asking for more affordable 64-bit development boards and this is something that's really kind of like a big deal right now. It is a big deal. I mean, if you look at the success of things like Raspberry Pi they've bought the ability for anybody to learn and use Linux and create products in the maker community and they've had a huge impact on enabling and bringing software developers into the ARM and the computing ecosystem. This is the same thing but it's for a much higher-end device. This is, on this board you have 10,000 drystone MIPS of performance. You have eight cores running at over a gigahertz. This is octa-core high-silicon. It's an octa-core ARM A53 64-bit processor with Mali 450 GPU. And there will be other vendors who will come out with different chips using the same form factor and this enables us to put these boards into test farms. It enables us to enable third parties to use these as the basis of embedded products. It's pretty cool for the lava guys because they can design kind of like racks that just fit them by default. Absolutely. So you can imagine a raise of these boards from different vendors and we can test them. And I also think for education, for higher education, universities will start to be able to have affordable access to start doing a lot of research work on multi-core power management security. So we think this is going to have a big impact on getting 64-bit ARM into the software developers in the community's hands. And you're going to host a forum, community forum on the website, 96boards.org is where you'll be able to get all the information about these boards. As more vendors create these boards you'll be able to compare them, you'll be able to get software downloads for them and there are forums for the community to ask questions, come up with ideas and we'll also be hosting software from the community. And 96boards is like 64 plus 32, right? That's right. So this is for ARM V8 boards and clearly 64-bit. But we also think that people are going to be putting ARM V7 chips onto these boards so that's 32-bit. So we call that 96. And we expect, over the lifetime of this platform which we expect to be years, we expect at least 100 boards to be in the program. At least 96. At least 96, yes. And this is board 1 of 96. So you've been working on this spec on this project for a little bit and you announced something last to connect that you were going to do something? So we started this project about six months ago and the reason we did it is because at Leonardo we have hundreds of engineers and the cost of giving them access to developer boards is very high, it's thousands of dollars per board. So we've been wanting low-cost hardware to do our work and we think that the result of this is going to help vendors get their SOCs to market faster because it will be much easier for software developers to bring up software. What's happening on SOCs is they're getting more and more complex and as a result there's a longer period, longer and longer period between the silicon being available and when the software is ready. So we hope that this is going to accelerate that by providing an easy to design low-cost board for developers which can be used for both initial bring up and longer term for embedded products and I can see these boards being used in actual intelligent displays in the displays you have on aircraft where they're all running linux just plug one of these onto the back of the display it's really really thin the whole board is less than 10mm in thickness So the idea is not just credit card size is also the thickness You want a standard for that So we want it to be so the standard for the mezzanine modules or boards is that they're only going to be 7mm separation and what that enables is you to build for example an interface to sensors for the internet of things you can imagine having for example an Arduino compatible board on top of this and still have a really slim footprint and that would give you the ability to build powerful linux computer with an array of IoT sensors for example And that's also why it's also 32 because maybe there'll be some boards as cheap as Raspberry Pi's and there'll be like a whole range from very low to mid range We expect there to be a whole range from low end and then for the higher end SOCs in the ARM ecosystem that are being used for networking and server and so on And the bigger one is still in development The spec is in development The initial board is in development We are still looking for input as to what should be on that board and we get that from a number of our members who are interested in working on boards and we're also asking key members of the community what they're looking for So that was actually the process we used to come up with the specification We talked with a number of the Leonardo members who are the RMSOC vendors and we talked to a number of potential community users of these boards And we came up with something that's a little bit I think it's different It has a different set of features It has wireless built in Bluetooth and Wi-Fi as opposed to Ethernet If you want Ethernet you can go USB to Ethernet through a dongle And it is very much more friendly for small footprint products like robots and UAVs because it's so small and slim Robots is a big deal I think I'm really looking forward to robot innovation and lots of these do-it-yourself maker robots use boards Do you need a powerful processor? You can imagine having a stereoscopic camera which you need for robots for vision systems and this specification supports two full CSI camera interfaces as well as a display interface on this high-speed connector Is there a spec for the weight? Because this can go in a quadcopter This is drone We're talking drones right here But we're also talking setup boxes like a TV box This could be a bunch of TV boxes too If you think about a Chromecast it's a very small device So you can build TV digital video functionality into this footprint There is a way of extending in the specification The specification is open You can go and read it and build a board to it And there is an extended version if you need more space for more functionality So an extended version? How does that work? We expect most of these boards to be this credit card size footprint But there will be some applications for example where vendors want to put a lot more memory on or where they've got an SoC that has Ethernet outputs or they want to have an automotive canvas or something So they can actually extend this board out this way From a high-speed board? The power supply connector comes out here These connectors stay where they are so that if you have an expansion module it will work anyway But it does give you some freedom to have some higher components here in this section of the board If you look at the specification you'll see what I mean Is it also a chance that somebody wants to do one of the small ones with SATA and maybe put it on the back side? So SATA here if you wanted to or you could do the extended board and put multiple SATAs here So it's already possible to use those to do SATA with an adapter? No, so a SATA interface you'd have to have typically on your SoC and then you'd have a connector a flat mounting connector sideways mounting for the SATA interface But this SoC is high-silicon, this is kind of like a mobile SoC Yeah, this SoC is used in a top-range Huawei mobile phone today So it's the Kirin 620 8-core A53 and it's used in one of Huawei's latest mobile phones So this is a mobile phone optimized SoC but there could be some SoCs more optimized for stuff like that could be using a SATA like a SATA box or something else I mean, so most of the mobile SoCs obviously you don't typically have a big disk drive on your mobile phone, but you do have flash memory and so you can put multiple flash memory chips onto this footprint If you actually want an external disk drive then most likely you're going to be using the enterprise version of the board and on the enterprise version we expect server-class ARM chips we expect high-speed networks and we expect external storage like eSATA drives They could be sat on the back also, no? Just like the port right here Most mobile SoCs don't have a SATA port So that depends which If the SoC has a SATA port then yes you can put it onto one of these connectors So since you launched started working on this the last six months what's the response? So there's a bunch of people already The response is great This is the first board that is actually being launched At least two other companies have publicly said they're working on boards which is Action Semi out of China and Marvell and we expect other manufacturers to also announce boards to this specification over the coming few months So are you pretty confident there will be at least you were saying a certain number that you think is going to happen this year Yeah, I mean when we started this program I thought that we would maybe have five products this year in the first year I already think there's going to be more than ten in 2015 so we're very excited and we're delighted by the response and anybody is free to design one of these boards we have a in order to participate in the community certification you do need to become part of the 96 boards community but if you want to go and do a board without it being branded 96 boards you can go and do that it is an open specification, there are no license fees, no royalties And there's something about the UART and those little connectors there right here, right? Some of these are this one is also kind of like mobile spec No, so this connectors here you have, as I said this high speed connector with camera and display this is the low speed connector that carries UARTs GPIOs SPI buses I2C buses and an audio bus this is actually 1.8 volt IO which is typical for low power processors today and then for the maker community which typically uses 3.3 or 5 volt on 0.1 inch centers we expect to see third parties come up with expansion mezzanine boards that turn this into 3.3 and 5 volt maker friendly IO potentially Arduino compatibility, things like Raspberry Pi camera interfaces all on mezzanine boards that will work on any 96 boards product But can the board maker decide to do that maker directly there, that maker voltage directly to the board or the spec has to be 1.8 This connector has to be 1.8 and the reason for that is if you're making an embedded product and you want to for example put an LCD display module on what you don't want to do is level you don't want the additional cost of level shifting to 3.3 volts here and then a level shifting back to 1.8 volts on the low power module so the way the spec is defined the voltage on these signals is 1.8 volts and then you'd level shift on the mezzanine module and that module it can be cheap yes I mean I would expect you will see mezzanine modules for perhaps 20 dollars that will do the conversions and provide you a UART and possibly provides some sensors and the power connector is really small right compact one, yeah the power connector can keep the board very slim it's a 1.7mm inside pin you can get standard off the shelf power supplies for this or you can get small adapters you can also power the board through the expansion connector so if you have a module that has power or a battery module for example the battery can provide power through this connector to the board and the USB on the go so you have a USB on the go port here for Android this is used for things like fast boot and ADB and then you have two type A or type C host ports this is the HDMI and this is a micro SD can this be USB 3 and can this be a MHL yes totally possible the spec gives you a choice of displays, MHL HDMI either a micro connector or this is a full size HDMI connector and then you can use type C USB 3.0 3.1 connectors if your SOC supports it or normal USB 3 connector too yes yes and you do have to keep within the height spec the other really nice thing about the type C connectors is you'll notice there's this power supply and we've been asked why do you not use the micro USB for power the reason is that with these high power SOCs high performance SOCs you can actually exceed the available power from a micro USB port and that can result in brownouts so you do have to power the board from this external connector or from this one but when we get to type C USBs they can actually carry a lot more current and these are the new USBs that are a bit like Apple's lightning connector you can put them in either way up and you can carry a lot of power so you can actually power the board just from a USB port it could also be powered by MHL, right? yes if you've got enough power no, the board cannot so the power sources to the board can be either a type C USB or this power connector here or through this expansion bus something I haven't seen before at Lunar Connect is crazy packed rooms with people pushing the door to try to get in there's been some interesting atmosphere around these sessions that you had with this, right? yeah, there's been an incredible response to this and people have commented both positively and the fact that they would like to see different things on the board one thing I guarantee about the open source community is you ask a hundred engineers what they would put into a specification and you'll get a hundred different answers so one of the things we did as we designed this is we talked to the SOC vendors we talked to some of the end users and came up with a kind of consolidated view of what we should do with this to make it attractive to a number of different communities and our goal was to be attractive to software developers to be attractive to the maker community and also to provide something that could be used as the basis of an embedded product alright, so that's really cool and this is very interesting I've done lots of delugment board videos I don't know if I can say but it's kind of messy and fragmented and many different things happening in different ways and the support is kind of limited I guess but the idea is to get a big wave of support and a big wave of innovation the idea with this is to help us get new SOCs to market faster and have a single community around multiple vendors boards and I think that will make the market bigger for everybody, it will be the one place to come for information about this format of 32 and 64 bit SOCs from a number of different manufacturers maybe every SOC is going to make sure that they have a board like this every time they have a new SOC that would be great and it would be a great way for the hardware makers to compare the performance between different manufacturers figure out what's good for them Yes and it's not just about the number of cores or the number of gigahertz every ARM SOC that comes to market these days has different IP different differentiation and different value and for different applications different processes work better so being able to compare boards in a similar footprint will I think really help users and it's been talking about and working on 64 bit nearly since the beginning Certainly the last two years have been non-stop 64 bit even more than two years a little bit but this is it, now the hardware is coming and now the development boards are affordable $129 So this is it, now we are at the next stage of the 64 bit ARM Linux development looking forward to the results Yep, we are very excited


Hey everyone, this is Kenny and today I would like to dial in some Tom Petty-esque tone using the Blackstar Silverline and deep dive tone shaping using the Architect software. So this is kind of like my favorite sound that's in between crunchy, clean-ish sound and you could get that tone out of a Blackstar. I have it on the clean bright surprisingly enough and I have the gain turned up pretty good and then I have it on the 6V6 voice. So like I was saying on my previous videos, the preamp or the power amp emulation allows you to set a certain amount of compression and certain mid-range frequencies that jump out to my ears. So I have it down to where it's like a little bit more compressed and jangly sounding still. So clean bright gain all the way up and this is what it sounds like. As you can see on the bass in the middle it's around a little less in the middle and then I have the treble turned up a little bit more. So essentially if you do this on a conventional amp it will be too bright but because of the ISF I'm turning up the ISF into the more of the British side of things I'm kind of taking out a little bit of the high end and the low end and kind of emphasizing the mid-range a little bit more so it doesn't get too piercing. It's not like an overdrive sound it's just crunchy but pretty cool and I also have some faster speeding tremolo and then if you want to get more hair just turn up the gain. So that was on the 6V6 so just for the heck of it let's switch it over to like this 6L6. So the volume turned up a lot because less compression but because it's not as compressed you don't hear that squished overdrive sound or the crunchy sound. So if I play the same riff it's a great sound but it's not that sound. So I have it turned down to 6V6. I know the volume drops a little bit because of the compression. You can really do hear that crunchy hair. So essentially the TVP is it's a compression set preset.


Hello, in this lecture, we will define direct costs. According to fundamental accounting principles, Wild 22nd edition, the definition of direct costs is costs incurred for the benefit of one specific cost object. When considering direct costs, we could consider them in relation to a manufacturing company, a manufacturing company that manufactures inventory, and then we can group our costs in that context in terms of direct costs and indirect costs. There's a few different ways we can group the costs when we're in a production process. This is one useful way. The direct costs will be those that can be directly applied to, in this case, the inventory. Support accounting instruction by clicking the link below, giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website broken out by category further broken out by course, each course then organized in a logical, reasonable fashion, making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a YouTube page. We also include added resources such as Excel practice problems, PDF files, and more like QuickBooks backup files when applicable. So once again, click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it. Tori, like a tablet over here, those might include obviously the direct materials and the direct labor. When we're considering the manufacturing process, it becomes important for us to be able to apply costs to specific inventory in terms of, in this case, this tablet, a specific piece of inventory or a specific job, or to apply something out by process. And in order to do that, we can think about the types of costs that we can apply directly. Direct materials and direct labor are those the types of costs that whether we be using a job cost system or a process cost system, we can apply directly to the job or the process. Therefore, they're direct indirect costs are going to be those things that we cannot apply directly as easily to the job or process, and therefore have to use some other format. That other format is usually overhead that we will then apply out to specific units of inventory or specific pastries or specific processes in some other way. So when we think about overhead, those that's all the stuff that we're going to group together that we cannot really apply out to the job or the process directly and therefore have to put it in this other group. Anything that you think of that's in the manufacturing process that it says factory, but we can't apply it directly out. So if it's the depreciation on the factory or the rent on the factory or the maintenance of the factory, the upkeep of the factory, the machinery within the factory, if we can't apply it directly to the to the job, then it's going to go into overhead. Also things like small tools, if we have glue or something like that, obviously, those are directly involved in the end product like glue. But it might be too small for us to directly measure it in each of those end products and more efficient and cost effective for us to just dump it in the overhead and then apply it out in some other way to the specific job to the specific inventory in some other format using an estimate.


Hello, everyone. Thank you for inviting me to present at your conference this year and to be part of this 3D eco course. And I'll be talking in the next 20 minutes about the standardized approach to trans-caterpillar mitral valve repair. And in particular, I'll try to focus on the important 3D applications. I don't have specific disclosures on this topic, but I received speakers on O'Rearion from ABOT to talk specifically about Mitra, Clip, and Eco.  Therefore, all of the pictures, all of the videos that you see, they're all coming from the same platform. We'll be talking about the critical step of this procedure starting from a baseline mitral valve assessment, transeptal puncture, clip guidance, grasping and release of the clip, and assessment of the results. When it comes to mitral valve assessment, we need to go back to the basics. And what's important to assess, to start with, is the etiology of the mitral regurgitation. And we use the Carpentier classification to divide the type of mitral valve regurgitation into three types. The third type is then divided into A and B. And on 3D, Eco, with an unfast view of the mitral valve, we can have a right-of-way picture of what these different types looks like. And what we typically treat with clips are type 2, with excessive leaflet motion, and type 3B, which is restricted mitral valve or functional secondary material regurgitation. In the assessment of the mitral valve leaflet morphology, we can use single 2D images. And this was, to me, one of the biggest challenges when I started studying and learning eco-cardiography, and I was a fellow in Toronto. And you know, there's been many different classifications to identify which leaflet is which. Now, modern technology has made the identification of the leaflet way easier. And what we do on a daily base, but most commonly for mitral valve percutaneous approach, is we start from a mitral commissural view. And in the mitral commissural view, we see we have the left-to-lap-endure to the right, which is the lateral portion of the valve. And opposite to it is the medial portion of the valve. Now, the secondary plane, which is the long-axis view, we know exactly where it's cutting through. It's cutting through the center of the valve. So we see here now the two leaflet, the two scallops, so A2 and P2. Now, if we take our plane and we tilt it more laterally, now we know exactly that in the long-axis view, what we're seeing is the A is the one segment, so A1 and P1. And now, if we take the same line and we move it more medially, now in the long-axis view, we see what we're seeing, which is the P3 segments. So that's the way we usually scan through the valve to assess exactly where the problem is. And that's how we also show it to our interventionists. We explain, we can add color and then see exactly where the jet is coming from and then we can take color away and then see where the abnormality on the valve is. And that's again, also it's important for us for percutaneous approach because we can see where the line is cutting through this regurgitant jet and that's where our clip is supposed to come in and that's where the clip is supposed to sit to actually see the gap that's causing this jet to form. 3D on fast view gives us, again, the option to look at the valve as a whole and we can look at the valve from the ethyl side, we can look at the valve from the ventricular side, but also we can appreciate here that's extremely difficult to appreciate in 2D and make clipping and the resolution of a matter regurgitation with clipping alone, extremely difficult is the presence of indentation and clefts. So the difference between clefts and indentation is whether the leaflet is split all the way to the annulus or only partially split halfway through. So we can suture clefts surgically but we cannot really clip clefts. So if the cleft is the main source of your regurgitation, it's probably not gonna get better with the clip. And if there's a cleft often even when we put a clip then there still is some residual matter regurgitation. 3D allow us to also turn color on and color gives us, in 3D gives us a better appreciation of how big and how wide this jet is and whether it can be assessed or can be addressed with one or multiple clips. The morphology of the valve can also be assessed in 2D on a 3D dataset. So if we use NPR or if we use multi-views or NPR live, now if we put on the green plane, our Mitra commissural view with the lateral portion of the valve with the left-hand lapenda that you can see it here on the right side, now you can see that you have the red plane. Red plane is now your long axis view. You can take this red plane and you can move it laterally and you can move it medially and you can scan in this red panel the whole entire valve. And this is, you see, I've moved my red plane more medially and here I've moved my red plate more laterally. So with the 3D block using NPR, I can scan through the entire valve and looking in this red panel, you'll see exactly where the problem is with these valves. This very well-written review on Jace from a few, a couple of years ago from Charles Neiman from Boston, put together what are the challenging anatomy for clip positioning. So what is difficult to clip is anything that's not in the center of the valve. So if the problem is medially or laterally is more difficult to clip and less likely to be successfully clipped, the presence of calcifications is definitely another challenge. A small valve is a problem. If the posterior leaflet is small, it's a problem because it's difficult to grasp. If the tending is very high, so that leaves a big tension on the leaflet, whether the type of regurgitation is carpentier 3A or 3D, so functional or restricted both in systole and diastole, that makes it difficult.  It's all sort of self-intuitive, but this was actually what's derived from a very famous Everest trial on mitra clipping. It is an anatomica specimen from a big heart. And this also gives you an idea. This is the view of the interventricular septum from inside the left ventricle, which we cut through.  And you can see that in the center of the leaflet, that's the A2 segment, there's no cords. You see that there's this margin that comes there and there's absolutely no cords. So if we need to leave or place a clip, there right in the middle, there wouldn't be much of a problem. But as we go towards more medially or more laterally, then you see that we get to deal with the subvalvular apparatus which causes major challenges and it can be a big problem. And the clips can also sometimes stuck in the cords and while trying to retrieve the clip, we've also ripped the cords and make the situation worse than when we started. In terms of measurement, what measurement we take, we usually measure the annulus of the mitra valve in the mitra commissural view and long axis view in diastole. And when we have a small annulus, that's a good, that's an important information that we need to give our intervention on this because smaller annulus means smaller valve. It means that we need to be cautious on how many clips and how big of a clip can we actually place. The length of the leaflet also gives us a good information on how we can grasp this leaflet and normally measure it again in diastole. We need to confirm that there is mitra regurgitation. But as you know, assessing mitra regurgitation under general anesthesia, with the patient who's mechanically ventilated, it's not ideal. And this is a case from last week that I had in the operating room. We look at this mitra valve which is booked through a schedule to be clipped and as we start the investigation with 100 blood pressure, the mitra regurgitation is really, really mild. But then actually as I popped up the blood pressure with norepinephrine, you can see that now the mitra regurgitation becomes really significant. So it's important also in the OR when we're looking at the mitra valve to try to re-establish physiologic condition or to re-establish condition where the condition when this valve was primarily evaluated by the cardiologist on an awake patient. So try to re-establish what was the pre-operative blood pressure. And also we can then look at the endiastolic diameter of the left ventricle and give volume to reach these pre-operative endiastolic diameter to recreate the same or to try to recreate the same condition. They're never gonna be the same, but to try to recreate the same condition. We have a few choice of clips when we're gonna be clipping. Now the newest generation of clip is called G4. G4 means that these clips allow for independent grasping. Each arm can be closed independently when the previous generation they have to be close together at the same time. We have a smaller clip, that's the endi and we have a bigger clip, that's the XT. The endi and the XT clip come in two types. So there's a normal type, so endi and XT and there's a W type, which is endiW, which means wide. So the clip is actually thicker. So normally for a smaller valve and for multiple clips, we usually go for an endi. For a bigger valve and for just one single clip we usually go for an XT clip. The first step of the procedure is the transceptile puncture. We do a transvenous approach through the femoral vein. We come up and then we have to cross the septum. How do we see the septum with echo? So the septum is divided and was recently divided as we started with this procedure in different portion. So what's important to know for us is superior, inferior, anterior and posterior. In the bi-cable view, what we see to the right is superior, what we see to the left is inferior. Here we have a needle that's trying to poke the fossil valleys in the bottom portion. So in the inferior portion of the fossil valleys. In the inflow outflow view, where we see, when we see the aortic valve, the aortic valve is notoriously anterior. So the portion of the septum that's next to the aortic valve is anterior, opposite to it is posterior. For bi-track clip, we usually use an X-plane view where we start from a bi-cable view and now we have a view where we see the aortic valve. What's funny here is that the view on the right, the view on the right, it's been flipped because we started from more than 90 degrees. So then the view on the right, it's flipped. So what we see is it's something that resembles a RV inflow outflow view, but now the aortic valve is not to the right of the septum but it's to the left of the septum. So that's to be remembered because now let's not be confused. Then remember that the aortic valve is anterior. So closer to the aortic valve is anterior, which is here and away from the aortic valve here, it's posterior. So here we have superior, inferior, anterior and posterior. We can flip the secondary plane that we have and we've done it here and we can flip it. And now we put the aortic valve back into sort of the more standard position. We usually just don't do it and we leave it the way it is. We all know that where the aortic valve is anterior in respect to the opposite, that is posterior. Where do we need to poke? We need to poke posterior and superior for mitra clip in order to come as far and as high and as posterior as possible to the mitral valve. We start with the catheter in the superior vena cava and then we come down and we come down on the septum and then we start to push on the septum and you see an indentation. Once we see the indentation, we usually go to the fourth chamber view and we measure how high it is in respect to the mitral valve and we take anything that's between four and five centimeters. Once we're happy with the position and the height, then we push through and we get with the needle and then we get a catheter through. Through the catheter comes a wire that's parked in the left upper pulmonary vein. And now what we can do also, if we go to our fourth chamber view, we can then select as an area of interest with 3D, our interraterial septum, and then display the way you see it on the right. And here what you see is you see where the wire is coming from and then you see the mitral valve and the posterior-medial commissure. So where you wanna see this wire coming is just above the posterior-medial commissure here. That means the right position of the wire because when the catheter delivery system comes, it just has to bend down and will be diving into the mitral valve. So here we're trying to push the catheter through. This was an interesting case where it wasn't easy to put it through and it was coming parallel to the interraterial septum. We want to ideally go as perpendicular as possible to the interraterial septum and what's important is to always follow the catheter and see where it is in order to follow the tip and see that the tip is not poking and it's not going through against the wall of the left atrium and then with the risk of perforation. Once the guide and the dilator are out, we have the catheter which is through the interraterial septum and now we're ready for the clip. The second step is the advancement of the clip. The clips come up, it's bent down, as you can see here, and now we try to position the clip where we think that the defect is and where we think where the jet is coming from. So we can move the clip anterior, posterior, lateral and medial, the clip is open and now the clip is positioned perpendicular to the opening and then what we do is we can also turn the clip and we sort of do the clocking so we can rotate it so then it comes right perpendicular to the connoisseur. We typically use for guidance this mitra commissural view and explain because the mitra commissural view allows us to guide the clip lateral and medial and then the perpendicular plane that I've explained is gonna be guiding the clip anterior and posterior. Here the clip comes, you see to the left is like going against the Kumadi ridge and then it's plunging down into the mitra valve. Once we have the clip on the mitra valve usually when we're ready to go through the valve we stop the ventilation. We discover through the years this Emil principle so expiratory hold medial, inspiratory hold lateral. So when we want the clip to be more medial we stop the ventilation and we decrease the peak. If we want the clip to move more lateral we stop the ventilation and we increase the peak so that the clips moves more lateral. The clip is open and now we do what we call clocking. So we look in 3D at the clip above the valve and we rotate the clip to make sure that the clip falls right where we wanted to fall and that the clip is right perpendicular to the opening of the valve. For the positioning what's also important is to turn on the collar and then see where the jet is and see where the clip is in respect to the jet. And like if it's a small jet or if we plan to use only one clip we position it in the center of the jet. If we wanna go for a two clip strategy then we can start either medially or laterally. So on the medial edge or on the lateral edge of our regurgitan jet and that's where we're gonna position the clip. Once the clip is through the valve and we turn 3D on before we start grasping we can still look at the clip. How do we look at the clip through the leaflets? We just decrease the gain as low as possible and we see that the leaflet would disappear but because the clip is a foreign material it's a metallic clip. It's still very ecogenic and we're still gonna be able to see it. Grasping means to get the leaflet engaged in the clasps and then we can now grasp the clip or re-grasp the clip and then we will close the clip and then when we're happy with the results we may choose to release the clip. Until this point we can always open and let the leaflet go and re-grasp again. So for grasping it's important that in the Mitra commissural view we see the thinner portion of this clip and so that means that then at 90 degrees we're gonna get the long axis of the clip. Sometimes as we see here we get the shadow from the delivery catheter to shade to cast shadow on the anterior leaflet we don't see it very well. How we can get rid of the shadow is by advancing with our probe and just try to go under the clip a little bit. It's gonna be a little bit off axis in the Mitra commissural view but we end up having a better view in the long axis view. The grasping sometimes when we've tried with X plane and it doesn't work we can also try and do it with the long axis view alone. Something that can happen, you can see here there was a case where the leaflet got stuck on the grasping arm before the grasping arm was actually closed. So that's obviously something that we want to avoid because if you now close the grasping arm the leaflet stays outside of the grasping arms. How do we know that we've got enough leaflet inside the clip? We need one thing that we can do is we can actually measure the length of the leaflet before at the beginning of the procedure and then measure the length of the leaflet from the edge of the clip here to the annulus. That gives us an idea of how much leaflet is inside. And we wanna have like usually like the same length so almost the one centimeter of leaflet like inside. So like inside the arm of the clip. The other thing that's important to look at is here you can see that here the leaflet are quite mobile. As soon as we close the clip, the leaflet, there's tension on the leaflet, the leaflet are held very tight inside the clip and that's a sign of good grasping of the leaflet. We can see that in 2D, we can also turn color on and see if there's a residual material agitation. And here is on X plane, we went to see exactly where this jet was and then we released the clip. And as we release the clip, then sometimes we need to wait and see until we've released the clip because sometimes the micro agitation will still change after we've released the clip. And this was a case when we decided that we couldn't just leave it alone and we went for a second device. The more lateral or the more medial we wanna leave or position our clip, the more challenging it is. And you can see this is an example where we wanted to clip A1, B1. And you see that in the short, in the Metricommissional view, we cannot really align our plane and in long axis view, we can't see the clip very well. This is where when we use X plane, we actually, sorry, we use 3D, then with live NPRs, we can then position our planes as we can see here, right perpendicular or right perpendicular through the clip and then better assess the position of the leaflet. With NPR or this multi-view, so live NPR, we can position our planes independent of where the, or dependent of an inch point because with an X plane, we always have an inch point. And here we can position the planes right perpendicular to the clip. And you can see here that both leaflets are actually inserting very well inside this clip. And in terms of grasping, we probably cannot do anything better than this. And this is now another example of a clip that's been already released. And now we position our plane perpendicular to the clip and we can see and we're happy with the thing. Assessment of the results obviously start with assessment of the residual mitre regurgitation. And we don't, we try or we don't want to accept more than trace other mild mitre regurgitation. We definitely want to have an improvement of at least two grades from baseline. We assess the residual mitre regurgitation with color in X plane with color in 3D. And also we usually look at the pulmonary venous flow and the change in pulmonary venous flow before and after the clip. Our cardiologists would also measure the left atrial pressure through the catheter. This is on one hand, we want to minimize mitre regurgitation. On the other hand, we don't want to cause mitre stenosis. And this is after we've grasped the leaflet, we access the mitre lymph flow. And this was a very good result because the peak gradient was four and the mean gradient was two. We don't want to accept anything that's more than five millimeters of mercury. For assessment of the residual opening of the valve, we can also do it in 3D. Once we've got a 3D block, we can use NPR to do planimetry of the two orifice and sum them together. And ideally, we want to have at the end of the procedure a opening area that's more than two centimeters square. Finally, we've been going through the interatrial septum. And as you can see here, there's usually a residual interatrial septal defect. As long as the shunt is left to right, we usually don't do anything about it. So I've been working here for now two years. I've done more than a hundred clips and I haven't still closed an ASD. Until now, there has been cases where the patient also had concomitant severe tracuspid regurgitation and the patient ended up having left to right shunt. And in that case, that was the only case when it's been decided, I've been told, to close the interatrial septal defect. In summary, we need to know the technical aspects of this procedure. There's a lot to learn and there's very important steps that we need to know. We also need to follow what the cardiologists are doing using fluoroscopy. We are lucky that we have a screen that's above our echo machine where we can see the fluoroscopy and we can see at every moment what the cardiologists are doing and where the probe is in respect to the clip. And that helps me sometimes to actually get rid of some artifacts and optimize my imaging. Planning is very important, communication is key. Explain is the fundamental image modality for this type of procedure. 3D, on fast view, provide us always a picture of where we are and what we're doing. Multi-view and live MPR modes is becoming more and more useful and more and more used for this procedure, although the spatial resolution is not as good as 2D and is not as good as explained. I'd like to thank our colleague interventionalists, Particular Philip Lourdes and Christian Bessler, who are in charge, who you see them in this picture, who are in charge of doing all of these clips from whom I've learned a lot. And also my chief, Professor Renderer, who's taught me pretty much everything I know on clips and he's mentored me and supported me through these years to get to where I am at the moment. Thank you very much. This is my email and I'd like to invite you to join us in life sickness here. If you are interested in to see this procedure live at the perioperative TE masterclass on June 20th to 22nd, the event will be broadcasted also online, for those of you who cannot make it here. Thanks again for having me and I'll be available to answer any question in the question and answer time period.


And welcome to another episode of Pacific Partnerships in Education here on Think Tech Hawaii. I'm your host, Ethan Allen. Joining me in the Think Tech studio today is Shanti Asher. Welcome, Shanti. Thank you. And we're going to be talking about some issues in education near and dear to Shanti's heart. This is sort of a follow-up show of what we did two weeks ago. I had Dr. Jojo Peter on, a regular guest on the show. And we were talking about the issues around chuk moves or the discussions about chuk separating from FSM. And Jojo brought up a lot of very complex legal issues that this has on what status would this leave people who are chuky citizens in the US, blah, blah, blah, what does this do to the compacts of free association. And it occurred to me that because you are a recent graduate of Thomas Jefferson Law School, I believe, in San Diego. And so this would be great to talk about some more deeply into the legal issues here. But let me just say, what inspired you to become an attorney here?  So that was always a dream of mine. But then as I started to grow up, I noticed that it's actually something very difficult financially, given that we're from the islands and there's not really a lot of resources. But when I pursued my post, when I went to Shamanat, I'm actually a Shamanat alum. I went there for, I left right after I graduated from high school and pursued my secondary education there with my first, I guess for that was my foundation to go towards that goal. And so I graduated with my BA in pre-law. And then I got married after that, stayed, remained here in Hawaii. And then about two, three years later, I went for my master's in criminal justice administration. So I got that. But the reason why I was, I'm telling you all this is when, while I still kept that in the back of my head that I still wanted to go to law school, living here in Hawaii, I started noticing that I have to go back and give back because I was on scholarship when I was here. So my family and I moved back home. And I think it was really the core. It was really what inspired me to not give up and come back and pursue law school. And I think Jojo, Dr. Peter Siebel is talking about it in your last segments. But it's, I, being in FSM, I saw the great need for local attorneys because most of our legal advices or opinions are provided by people that, you know, came and worked in the FSM, mostly foreigners. And while we really appreciated the work that they provide for us, there's always that gap of, you know, growing up and understanding our cultural differences and in applying that when you provide legal opinions. So I watched that, I observed it, and I cannot stand idle and not do something about it. So it really, when I was there, seeing all this happening, unfolding, I, it took me about four years to be in the process of, you know, applying to law school or even taking the law school admission test. So it was, I think it was, it started as a childhood dream. And then later on it became, I became really motivated to do it for my people because who's going to better assist than someone who is a sister, a daughter of the country. So, yeah. Exactly. And the issues that are very complex because there was essentially the Chukis people who were living there had dealt with ways of organizing disputes and settling disputes and laws of nature, but it was not written down, right? Yes, yes. And they've had a legal system sort of impose on them that, as you point out, was sort of written rather haphazardly, right, by two or three or four sort of random judges who happened to be there who sort of helped craft a constitution and laws, but it's not really well backed up by case law and precedent and all that kind of stuff, right? So what are the big challenges facing, facing people now? There are so many. You don't want to cover a few of them. Yes. Since we are a developing country, there are a lot of pressing issues right now. With the Chukse Session, that's another thing on the plates of a lot of the officials back home, then there is that issue, the cross-cutting issue of climate change, which is becoming, it has gotten to international stage, and like we always say that our islands are sinking. It's actually not sinking, the water is rising, so that is one. I think some of the legal issues too are a lot, now that we've become parties to a lot of international conventions, so our compliance and obligations are also pressing because a lot of these matters deal with human rights. Human rights issues, we have gender equality, and being parties to these conventions actually requires us to be in compliance. And then we have the compact, nearing the economic sector of the compact is nearing in 2023. But with all of this in place, I think now that I'm, hopefully I will go back and work in the legal, in our legal system, I believe that being, and we're still in our infant stage of growing and developing, most of the need is really personally. It is within what we're facing now and how we are going to deal with it, with the laws that we have. And there's a lot of things that I believe, comparing to the constitution of the U.S., the codes, the statutes, there are a lot of components that are missing. And now that this is session is now on the table, it goes back to, does the constitution allow for that? But that's for the legal teams of FSM to address. But with reading the constitution and all the gray areas, there's a lot of gray areas right now, it's very difficult, it's very complex. So those are some of the legal matters that I believe while there are a lot. I think those are what I think may be on the table right now, mostly compact, climate change, human rights. So yeah, those are. And the other one that sometimes pops up in our education world is the issue of land ownership, right? That there was traditional divisions and traditional land ownership, which got all disrupted during the Japanese occupation. And now it's a little unclear as to who owns what lands, and so you can't get clear title to lands, and that makes building new schools very difficult. Yeah, that's, I think land ownership and rights has always been an issue given, you know, who has legal title. And because I think traditionally families know who has rights in something. But then if the laws jump in and try to dictate or interpret differently, then there's always problems. And I think it's not only, it's not specific to Chuk alone. All the other islands have that issue. And like those are the gaps that I was addressing earlier in our legal system are those that I guess there has to be presidents that are now being said eventually when cases are being brought to, you know, to the courts. Right. It's a very complex system, as you say, across the FSM, because you have in most of these places traditional governance, traditional sort of clan-based leadership right, certain clans owned or had rights to certain parts of the land, and could more or less control that land and control the use of that land, and then overlaid upon top of this now is a sort of, are these Western style governments that aren't always lined up with that, right? The same traditional leaders are not always in charge of the governmental sector, and the governmental people aren't always the traditional leaders, and therefore there are these sometimes sectors working at odds. They overlap, they clash, but I think that's one of the things that has to be dealt with as far as like when we were flagging that it's really important and vital for locals to pursue legal education so that when they go back, it's really easy for them to apply it when they try to maybe amend the laws, what's already in place, because when they were drafted way back, all these issues are just emerging, so it's just like any constitution, any legal system, there are amendments that are done, and for land, when you raise that one, there's also that issue with dual citizenship because there are some questions that are being challenged with the system, whether, because FSM citizens cannot have dual citizenship, there are kids that are born into a family in the U.S., and then with that, they're being stripped of title because they can't be U.S. citizen, they have to choose, so there are not only complexities with those living there, there are also emerging issues as to kids that are born in the U.S. who are natural by birth, they are U.S. citizens, but then when they go back to their homes, do the lands transfer over to them or not? So it's all those other matters. All this just really screams out, I hate to say this, but you really need more attorneys, right? Yes. And you need what you need is Native Chukis, Pompeian, Koschian, Japanese attorneys, you need people who understand, who grew up there, who know what the customs are, know what the traditions are, and can help bring some of these aspects into the 21st century in line with a good, robust legal framework, right? I think with all this, with all these going on, there's always, you have to strike a balance. Right. Yes, so that we don't lose our customs, we don't lose our traditions while we try to move forward with also ensuring that we have compliance, you know? Right. Sure. I mean, like it or not, we are all living in the 21st century, right? Yes. So you may wish to make an option for Chukis or Japanese citizens to pursue very traditional means of livelihood, and that's wonderful to maintain a culture and a tradition. But at the same time, yes, as you say, your FSM is party to international agreements and conventions and signature to international treaties and all, and has to sort of stay on top of that, has to be doing what needs to be done there. You're not immune from the issues and challenges, right? I mean, the whole thing with the South China Sea these days, right? Yes. And China trying to assert their more dominance in that region. That impacts shipping, it impacts trade, it impacts economies, right? And so, yeah, how FSM deals with China is a whole, I'm sure there's a whole raft of legal issues in that. Yes. And of course, that's complicated because the U.S. Douglas has their, what should we say, their desires on how FSM should deal with China, right? Yeah, with our special relationship with the U.S., there are provisions that we also need to comply with. Yeah. And it's in a lot of different areas. And with us touching on trade, trade falls right into one of the brackets that has to be complied with. Absolutely. So, yeah. This is great. And we're going to dig more deeply into this when we come back. Shanti Asher is here, a newly minted legal line. And I'm Ethan Allen, your host of Pacific Partnerships in Education. And we'll be back after a brief break. See you there. Hello, and welcome to Out of the Comfort Zone. I am your villainous host, RB Kelly. Today we are playing Two Truths and a Lie. And I will tell you, Two Truths, and you will tell me which one is the lie. Truth number one, this is a real mustache. Truth number two, I want you to watch my show on Tuesdays at 1 p.m. So tune in and let me know which is the truth and which is the lie. I'm RB Kelly with Out of the Comfort Zone and show up next Tuesday to see my mustache live. Aloha. My name is Mark Shklav. I am the host of Think Tech Hawaii's Law Across the Sea. Law Across the Sea is on Think Tech Hawaii. Every other Monday at 11 a.m. Please join me where my guests talk about law topics and ideas and music and Hawaiiana all across the sea from Hawaii and back again. Aloha. Welcome back to Pacific Partnerships in Education. I'm your host, Ethan Allen. With me today here in the Think Tech Studios is Shanti Asher. Welcome again, Shanti. We were having in the first half of the show a great dialogue about some of the issues with legal, the need for more legal talent in Micronesia because of the complex situations and all. But I want to step back because when we started we talked a little bit about how you got interested in law and have pursued a legal degree and legal career. But that was pretty coming from a small island state. You've had extra challenges in pursuing that dream. Can you maybe elaborate on that a little bit here? Yes, of course. So being that I'm from Kutchai or DFSM there are challenges especially for women or girls to go further into pursuing their education and I remember when I was almost graduating from high school and sharing my aspirations about leaving the island to pursue my education it's it's always been a sensitive issue you know whether my parents will let me go is it safe and you know because we're from smaller islands but I have to say that I really commend my parents because they it was really I think the first resource that I had through them was having trust in me that I can go and continue fighting for what I wanted in my life and that was really they opened that door and for a lot of other students I felt that there is always that resistance there's parents are not it's not easy for them to let go for girls especially right they're very strong family ties and we in I know from working with apparel there we've had very promising students who were sort of offered further education here in Hawaii or in Guam or in the mainland who basically said I can't do it you know I have to stay home and take care of my nieces and nephews yes and it's a strong family obligation very strong sense of community there it's you need your parents are to be commended for having encouraged you and supported you in in doing that thoughts yeah and it was more challenging because I'm the oldest of seven so it it is whether to let me go for pursue my education or stay back and help them but because they saw the potential and I've had scholarships that were offered they couldn't they will be at peace if they let me pursue my dreams and that's exactly what I did but when fast forward when I wanted to pursue my go back to law school I started searching for options and I think it's really the resources that were made available or lack of availability that I felt was another challenge also it's I think now that we've evolved into gender equality there's more it's more of a topic that's not so much sensitive anymore to in today's society I felt that I had to pull in extra work just to prove that I'm able you know and at the work that I was working for foreign affairs I it was a really great opportunity while it was challenging given that I at the time the position I had was only it was a deputy assistant secretary and I over oversee the Pacific region so most matters that are Pacific related comes through my desk to my desk and I think like trying to prove my prove others of my capabilities was one challenge and then when I moved over to look into law schools I realized that the resources that we have available for students who wanted to pursue that Avenue is very maybe it's there but the data is not available readily available so I had to while I was not the first FSM student that graduated from U.S. law schools there were a number before me good number a few the information was not available and I'm not really sure if it's just because of the lack of ensuring that we collect those data and put it into one place it's it I realized that that's been an issue across the board it's just data management collection of data and I think that if we have more of that it will probably make it easier for other students right yeah indeed if you if you had known half a dozen other students who were a few years ahead of you who could have helped answer questions are reassured you want things get tough and you can push on through you can you can do this right that would have been helpful and yes it it seems like somebody somewhere ought to be gathering that data making sure that any aspiring students have this list of your contacts here's where they currently are here's the post they currently hold go talk to them you know see what kind of support they can offer that would just seem very part and parcel of a good bootstrapping because so how many I mean how many coach Ryan's attorneys are there on the ballpark as far as I know I believe there's there are two from lost us law schools okay as you may be aware there are a good number of FSM students that pursue their legal interest but through USP so they went to Vanya Watt to pursue their legal studies the reason why I chose to continue on with US schools is because of my background is mostly us and because our Constitution is is very is mirroring the US Constitution so it makes sense to go to a system an institution that will discuss very relatable concepts to our Constitution and that's why I pursued law schools in the US but as for other attorneys that are from Khrushchei I think there are other maybe a few that graduated from Vanya Watt to and are also practicing law I'm here you're talking literally a handful of attorneys out of population of of maybe 10,000 or less yes it's a the ratio is so radically different from what is in the US but all that again speaks to this need for sort of this bootstrapping process to bring more students on in so what what is it that you think can be done what is it should be done to to sort of fostered a legal workforce as it were so I'll put I'll make my comments to what I wished were there when I was searching it would be nice to have a list of options to prepare for the law school admission test because you can't get into law school without that so if we have some notes or a book that is a booklet for every aspiring law students to go through so step one is law school admission test if you wish to prepare yourself these are all the vendors that provide such options and then the next thing is taking the LSAT so LSAT is the law school admission test which is not administered it's what I was told was they FSM can't administer it however there is a really a good amount of fee that you have to pay for them to administer it so when I did mines I had to take my personal leave to fly to Illinois champagne Illinois to sit for a prep course for one month and then immediately after that course I said for the LSAT so like that distance may not be necessary at there been information available for me to read through but because those were what I could find at the moment my my options were limited because I was working and I was doing it out of my own time so I couldn't exceed one month and one month is what I I could have come to UH because they offer it but it's a program for three months so I couldn't UH was already out of the picture but these are options that we can have in a binder or something so that they have a list of choices that they can choose from and then after that you take the LSAT you go back and you wait and then you choose your law school but if you have a roadmap I think it would not it's already it's already scary for someone to consider a small islander from a very tiny island to consider going to law school so that's already scary now but then when you keep going you know jumping through all this maybe you're gonna get tired and and just not having enough energy to go to law school but yeah those are what I thought like basic foundation information that would really help a student right and in this day and age particularly that should be that information should be available right it should be easy to sort of gather it and put it all in some place on some web site as you say in handouts you could you could spread around to the schools so that high school students would know hey this is an option I could actually go and do this I wanted and kids at the at the local college there because you've got a college Micronesia branch coach right yeah again they should be sort of loaded up and ready to support students right so yeah they give some yeah if you're doing this all essentially out of road map it sounds like and that's making it making it doubly hard on yourself yes and I've made notes along the way so that I can work with whatever department Department of Justice Department maybe COM FSM and also the courts to make sure that these information are since they're still fresh in my head it's good to have them available and then we're just also on the side ready and willing to help other students absolutely well this sounds like something you can you can contribute to the furthering you know this aspect of your dream that is make it easier and more supportive as an atmosphere for others to do this is this is really great I so much appreciate you coming by here and telling us about this is a whole social issue that we didn't know about the various issues you've had to confront being given the sort of traditional gender-based differences you've had to deal with that the distance the isolation yeah the lack of road map so it's fascinating to hear this and I'm so I'm proud of you for having done that and yay on your parents too for a sporting unit maybe we'll get you back here at some of the point we can we can go into some more depth but right now we've run out of time thank you so much shawty it's been a pleasure having you here oh thank you it's indeed and we'll see you on the next episode of Pacific partnerships and education till then