The NFT market is emerging fast and is here to stay. Many famous athletes, celebrities, artists, and designers from all over the world are joining the tech movement. We are the leading sports tech that will bring professionalism and innovation to the new level in the NFT market. Our next generation NFT platform provides features like NFT and fan token offering, auction, bidding, as well as NFT mining. Stars and clubs provide unforgettable experiences for their fans. Let's find out what exactly can be turned into NFTs in our platform. From memorabilia, digital tickets, collectible cards, exclusive meeting, access rights, and virtual merchandise to photos and videos from stars. The platform's underlying assets and governance mechanism is based on the BSPT, the BlockSport platform token. It is the key to your exclusive NFTs. Creators, mint sports NFTs of real-life sports stars, world champions, influencers, enthusiasts, eSports teams, and more. Collectors, participate in auctions or buy NFTs in the marketplace. Subscribe to fan tokens, stake NFTs and earn BSPT tokens. Holders, vote in community governance. BlockSport is a win-win innovation for clubs, teams, players, athletes and their fans. Follow us at nft.blocksport.io I love that intro. Hey everyone, what's up? It's your girl Rachel here. Thanks for joining us today for this very special AMA. Today we will introduce BlockSport from Switzerland. They specialize in innovative fan engagement solutions for eSports and traditional sports. Today I'm going to introduce you to the CEO and co-founder of BlockSport, Vladimir, and football legend, Vladimir Petrich. Hey guys, how's it going? Hello everyone, hey, hey, all good, all good. Good, I hope I pronounced your names correctly. Yeah, almost perfectly. Good, wonderful. Thanks again for joining us today. I'm sure the audience is so excited that we're speaking with both of you. And audience, just to remind you guys, drop your questions in the chat below. We are here to answer those. So first off, Vladimir, could you introduce BlockSport to us? What is the platform? Yes, exactly. Just for thanks for this opportunity, which Coen Telegraph gave us today. So happy to speak on behalf of company. Yeah, we are BlockSport. So we are big lovers of sports, we are fans, we are innovators who are actually trying to make the sports world better. So we're originally from Switzerland, so we are a sports tech company focused on the fund engagement solutions. From the moment that company was founded, it's important to say we've always been focused on B2B innovative products and solutions, which helps clubs, teams, leagues, federation and athletes to activate, engage and monetize the fans' communities. So we focused on both on traditional sports and e-sports market. We try to bring actually all this innovation through digitalization and tokenization to our partners, clubs and teams and athletes, and open the new way how they can integrate, how they can interact between the fans' communities, how to engage sponsoring brands and partners in a new way. So we start in 2020 with the first product, which is fund engagement mobile platform, SouthBase, and we successfully got the proven track record, worked out working with more than 30 e-sports organizations, then we switched a little bit on the traditional sports clubs. And as we got a huge, huge experience and success in the e-sports market, we used our fund engagement mobile platform as a logical extension and following the trends and demand from our partners. So we decided last year to extend our platform solutions and start working on NFT platform with NFT trading, with the fun token launch pads and the gamify components. So and yeah, as of today, we are only one sports tech in the world who actually combines in one ecosystem and within one platform several important, not even features, but PR switch really helps our partners, our athletes, clubs, celebrities, sports celebrities to access a new way of interaction between the fans and a new way how they can increase impressions, increase engagements and how they can engage the fans in a new digital way. This is block sport today. Got it, yeah. And before we start talking more about the NFTs and the fan tokens and the gamification, Vladimir, what problems exactly is block sport solving for the traditional sports in the e-sport industry? Yeah, that's a very good question, actually. It's all starts from the problems. Yeah. So why, why, why we should be a PR, what we would like to achieve. So in the majority, majority, if you look at the sports, the sports world, especially in traditional sports, that clubs, clubs and teams actually our main stakeholders, they are not really familiar with all this innovation, innovations and digital agenda. It's something little bit scared for them. So the last thing that clubs and clubs manager management start thinking. So after they transferred the players, they played the great, great sports and etc. The last, the last item in agenda, it's innovations and solutions. So and these clubs, they would like to add more digital solutions. They understand that their community becoming younger with the digital natives because of XYZ girls and boys. They're not attending, attending, unfortunately, stadiums anymore. They're not even watching TV. So they would like to live in the virtual world, consume virtual goods, talk to each other, be gamified, be entertained. But clubs actually have all these challenges now. The majority of them don't have a clue what to do. So they don't have internal capabilities and how they don't have solutions and understanding where to go. They're looking for a technology partner like a blog support. In the same way, sponsors, brands, partners, and again, the new communities, new fans, digital natives, then actually pushing clubs and demands the new approaches. So the clubs actually also looking for a way how to engage fans in a new way and be how to generate new revenue because they're losing the previous revenue. Sponsors are not interested in a way how clubs offer them this impression, this ability. Sponsor is also becoming smarter, more digital. The clubs need to find a way how to generate revenue with the new sponsoring brands, with the partners, endemic, non-endemic brands. And what to offer fans, especially now in pandemic times or post-pandemic times. They lost a lot of spectators, so it means that they're also losing money from the sponsors. Clubs need to find a new way how to monetize the relationships, how to make this triangle, the club, even for four angels. Club, fans, players and sponsors, how to make it connected in a digital way. They need a digital bridge. So we try to solve this, not even issue the challenges and help them to solve the way. And that's why we are positioning BlockSport as a strategic technology partner. That's our business model and our credo. Got it, yeah. Well, those are obviously really important challenges you guys are solving today. And you mentioned three components of the BlockSport ecosystem. So NFTs, fan tokens and GameFi. So Vladimir, could you kind of go into a little more detail about how these three elements are helping the ecosystem, how they're used within the ecosystem? Yeah, exactly. So if you remember at the beginning, I start explaining that in 2020, we successfully launched our first product, which is a fun engagement mobile platform. And we are cooperating at this moment with more than 40 different clubs and teams in sports and sports clubs. So they're already using our solution. So with the new product, which we have a soft launch in the end of December, now we actually via continue building this new platform, nft.boxport.io. So we offered a new way, actually new solutions, how our partners, the clubs who are already working with us and how new partners can offer this digital assets and innovation to the fans. So we are not just nft marketplace with trading opportunities by trade and go to secondary market. We are not just fun token provider who actually operating with the speculative fun tokens and promise clubs, quick revenue from a day one listing, et cetera. There are many, not many, but a few fun token operators on the market who mainly try to sell this speculative aspect to the clubs and clubs without real duty or just closing their eyes or just see the carrots and they go. So BlockSport decided to create a platform where nfts and fun tokens and DeFi, which we call gamifying, meet each other. So with the nft components we offer, first of all, we are really B2B. We are really engaged and interacting with our partners.  So we are sports focus. It's one of our differentiator. We are ready B2B. So it's our relationship and exclusive cooperation. It's the key to our success and success of our partners. So we do end-to-end delivery of the nft for our partners for the clubs. So explain them the value we create, the strategy, the content delivery, content plan, promoting the nft collection, et cetera. So nft is one very important component. So to meet, to create, to list, to sell, to trade, to resell. So fans can come and find this best nfts collection and drop from the idols, from the athletes from the clubs on our platform. So yes, nft is actually, it's one of the key components, key features on the platform. Next to nft, we have a fun token launchpad solution. So unlike, again, our competitors. So we offer clubs direct issues or the fun tokens with a further integration of this fun token into existing fund engagement strategy and operation between the club and fans. So unlike competitors who are more in speculative markets, we're doing speculative things with the token. So we give the clubs direct control of the token, integrating this token story and give to the real fans, integrating the game into the fund engagement strategies. So the fun token launchpad, it's the second product of the platform. And the third one, it's a gamified component. We know and actually we see that there are good projects on the market, which we are observing now. So play to earn or pay to earn. So stake and earn and participate in all this stuff, all this gamification through an nftization, let's say like this, and tokenizations that allow fans to not just be owner of unique nft, my idol or team, or be a holder of fun tokens of my club, but also earn while I'm staying in the fans. So earn some money while I'm a fan, having the digital, real digital assets of my club or different club, different athletes. I can stake my nft, I can stake my fun token, I can swap nft, I can swap the fun tokens, I can participate in different nft games on the platform and get rewards. So this is a unique opportunity for the fans, a club who are actually working with us to be closed through the nft story, through the fun token stories, and for the fans to give them opportunity to be rewarded. So we actually pay a lot of attention and invest in our time and resources in gamified components. So this year we will offer more nft pools, nft games and different gamification components on the platform. Make sure that nft, this fun token story perform very well and actually clubs getting closer and closer in a digital way to the fans. Got it, yeah. Let's take a question from the audience real quick. So CS27 is asking, what are the features of BSPT? I think they mean, so BSPT is the token, I think they mean the utility behind it. Yes, exactly. So BSPT is our native box for token, it's a platform token. It's a very crucial component, component on the platform. And BSPT, our box for token, it's mainly served, as I say, as platform rewards. So it gives fans opportunity to be rewarded in box for tokens for different activities. For example, nft staking and fun token staking. So you're getting rewards in BSPT, right? So BSPT give you also more rights and governance use case. So as a voting use case, and also you can use BSPT also for the stake and again participate in liquidity pools and again be rewarded. So the main purpose of our platform token BSPT, it's for rewards. So that's why we actually paying so much attention and working on this staking pools, creating an LPs to make sure that all the fans and users of the platform would be engaged and interested to get BSPT. By the way, we are coming to the listing this month, so follow us. So we are going to be listed on DEX and centralized changes in February. So that's an opportunity for everyone, not only for the fans, for our followers or blog supporters to get some BSPT from different ad drops and promotions which come in soon. Got it, awesome. Yeah, and that answers a few of the other audience questions, Vladimir, about the listings. Yeah, listing, when listing. Yeah, community pushing us, yeah, so now market is actually not in the great shape. We hope that market will be better, but still community is crazy, like the guys want us to be public as fast as possible and that's why listing is coming guys, so no worries. Right, awesome. Well, that's exciting. I wanted to ask you a question. So as a professional athlete, how does BlockSport benefit you? And can you talk about how it might help with fan engagement as well? Look, I mean, for me, it's very simple. As a professional athlete, not only as a professional athlete now and for former athletes as well, it's a big, huge opportunity to stay in contact, to interact with your fans, because even me, which retired before almost six years now, it's incredible how many fans are trying to contact me over social media and other ways by sending letters and then. So I guess this is a huge opportunity not only for active athletes as well for retired athletes to have a community with their fans to interact with them, because I think all of us, especially like football players, we have tons of shirts which we changed with other players after games and they are just somewhere in a wardrobe. And we don't use them. So this is something what probably we could use as well as a memorabilia. I hate this word. So, like I said, I believe this is an opportunity not only for athletes like Vladimir said as well for clubs, especially traditional clubs, because I believe as well that many clubs are in digitalization far behind still. The time I played, it was already, let's say, it was not enough in my eyes what they did in digitalization and it's still a lot of room to do a lot of things to do and to show them. And that's one of the reasons why I joined Blocksport as well, because I think they're doing the right things. I love the passion they have for their work and I hope we can help fans and clubs to have more interaction together. Right, yeah. So Vladimir, I wanted to ask you about the partnerships. So first of all, is Blocksport a global platform? And also with the mention of clubs, let's specify, what does that mean exactly when we say clubs? Like what are the partnerships like here? Yes, of course, we are actually a global company. We have partners. When I say partners, it always means clubs. Yeah, clubs, team, celebrities who work with us, many clubs. So we are global and if you look at the landscape of our partners, it's actually really from west to east of the world. So from South America, from the US, Europe, Africa region, Oceania, Southeast Asia. So we still mainly European-focused and the majority of partners from Europe, but there are more and more partners coming from other regions and other areas of the world. And for us, it's important to establish the smart partnerships to grow faster. And as a good example of partners we already work with, for example, with the sports agencies and sports marketing agencies who are key relationships. They have a lot of existing relationships with different clubs, leagues and federation in the region. For example, if you want to enter South America or Latin America market. So for us, it's actually a new market, new mentality. So we don't know the rules, but we want to work with all these Argentinian-Brazilian clubs and offer our solutions and to establish the partnerships. So for us, it's better to partner up with the local digital agencies, with the sports guys who are already on the market. And we are not competing, so we actually build on the partnership which complementary help each other. So they are representing us, for example, in South America or in Africa region or Oceania region. So we are working with several agencies successfully, just today we signed a new excellent partnership in the MENA region with the guys from Saudi Arabia. So we actually will announce soon and just a week ago, a little bit more, we announced a really key partnership with the results sports. It's one of the oldest and most innovative, like veterans of digital sports agencies in Europe. So a global, global agency, you can Google them, results sports.  And we are partnered up to team up to join our efforts in bringing digitalization to the sports world. Second type of partnerships for us and for our platform is more technological partnership, I call it. It's a content provider, it's a content delivery platform and live broadcasting platform, who are working again with different sports brands, with leaks, with FIFA, with different clubs. But at the same time, this platform provides an interesting tokenization of the content which they are creating for their customers. And they are interested to work with the sports on the back end to use our solutions, our engines to mean the NFTs in real time, for example. So we have very good, very good showcase. So we partnered up last year, I think it was October with SportBuff. It's a UK based sports tech solution, it's a broadcasting platform. They're working with top names like FIFA, UEFA, ESL. So these guys actually partnered up with us exactly for using our NFT platform for real time, real time meaning of NFTs. So we are developing our partnership and we're going to actually, since March-April to start executing. There's another type of partnerships. And yeah, so we are open to work also with other NFT marketplace who would like to actually promote the collections. So unique collections, NFT drops, which we are releasing in Q1, Q2, because it's also important for us. And I personally believe in partnership as no one. So because you also want to go fast, so go alone. If you want to go just strategically for a long way, just go with the partner. That's my attitude. Yeah, that's a good attitude and that makes sense. I'm going to take a question from the audience. Tamer is asking, will BlockSport provide us as supporters with different experience with sports? So I don't know if they mean like in real life experience or just on the platform, but what are your thoughts on that, Vladimir? Yeah, actually, it's all about experience. I think Tamer maybe means supporters of BlockSport. Yeah, the experience, guys, experience for you doesn't matter if you are a supporter or club supporter. It's your digital experience. So we actually hear just because we sing and we actually share. And I know the modern will join my opinion. We are here to help clubs and fans to be as much as possible close to each other. Stay online 24-7 and never be divorced. It doesn't matter if it's pandemic or not. So it is a digital bridge forever for real fans, for real fun engagements. I hope that's your answer, maybe at least partially on Tamer's question, but it's all about experience. It's new feelings. It's a better world guide. Everyone's talking about meta-worlds, it's buzzwords. Yeah, meta-worlds here, meta-worlds there. So the huge announcement of Nike do this and Puma added us following Nike. So a lot of buzz things on the market. But if you ask on the corner just anyone, what is meta-worlds? You know, people just stuck and struggling to explain. But we know and Rachel, maybe one of your future questions, what I was thinking about meta-worlds. So we need to wait at least a few years, of course, to see some real experience and real showcases. Because if you look three years ago, so all these virtual chat rooms, you put VR glass and you can talk to your body just in the virtual chat. So it was meta-worlds, but no one talked about that. Mark, Mark Zuckerberg just mentioned meta and then people started talking about meta-worlds behind the corners. Right, yeah. Well, we're going to get more to the metaverse aspect of this a little bit because that is really exciting. And yes, it is a major buzzword. But obviously, Vladimir, like what you were saying is, you know, with COVID and people aren't going out as much anymore, like having the digital experience is so important. So obviously that's huge. But my next question is a little bit more technical. I want to know a little bit more about how BlockSport, how the platform works. So NFTs are or the smart contracts are deployed on Ethereum and the BSC blockchain. So are there any plans to enter other public chains? And can you talk about maybe the benefits there? Yeah, it's a good question, Rachel. So we, like initially, now actually White Paper said about that we are a multi-chain platform. So we are not only focused on one blockchain solution. So at this moment, we are already on the main net in the binary smart chain on the BSC. So and our celebrities already minted fewer, fewer collections on the binary smart chain. So we just created a few days ago, we went live on the main net on Ethereum. And hopefully next week or two, we will deploy our platform, our smart contracts on a polygon. So we have a support from the Polygon foundations. And actually this guy is waiting for us when we live on the polygon. So what's next? So we are seriously considering Solana and Avalanche. So, especially in eSports, Solana is becoming very popular. Blockchain, so actually we are looking this way. From the technical perspective, as soon as our token will be listed. So we will open the staking pools. So should we have the first staking pool ready? And fans, as I said, we will have experience and opportunity to get BSPT as it was from the staking. It should happen just after our listing in February. In our digital lab, like I said, in-house R&G. So we are seriously working on the search phase on AR and VR solutions. To, for example, like virtual merchandise stuff. And we would like to not just, you know, speak about this buzzword stuff, meta-words and new VR experience, but again, to prepare our community and show communities a real meta-word experience and mostly focused on the virtual stuff. But I can't disclose right now the plans on this, but that's something which we are going to start communicating later this year. At this moment, going live on the Polygon, token listing on the decks and centralized exchange open most staking pools and working more on gamifications and only gamifying components on the platform. That's the main focus for Q1. Got it. Yeah, that's also exciting. Sorry, one thing, one thing. If I forgot to say about the fun tokens, yeah. So we are all partners waiting for, actually we are waiting and we can't wait. Actually, we are like really excited to start several fun token launch, fun token sale with our partners. So we will do it on a different chain of Binance and Polygon, maybe Ethereum, if these guys manage the gas fee issue. And it's important to say that fans will have a chance to be token holders from all these lovely clubs and teams who are working with us just starting from the end of February-March. So on the technology side, so we are very, very ready. But we want to make sure that real fans of the club, they really get the fun tokens to be influencing. That's important for us, that's important for the fans. Yeah, and I think, Vladimir, you make a good point about multi-chain.  So I think it's a disaster it is. So I think just being more accessible on different blockchains is really important here. Yeah, that's true. I see that in the chat with people asking about listing, price listing, etc. Guys, just follow us on Telegram and our social media. So we will be listed soon, really. I promise you. So everyone who participate in our IDO on December 27, VC Station, you can claim the token. So no worries, guys. So we are here for you. Rest assured. But audience members, keep your questions coming. We appreciate them. I'm going to take a quick question from Ravdik. He's asking, I think he wants to know more about gamify and what it means, Vladimir. Vladimir, if you want to answer that. I think I already mentioned, but just for this guy, for this person just to make sure that he will have an answer to the question. So when you say gamify, it's a play to earn component where you can be active user on the platform. We give you a different experience where you can collect NFTs with a different power. You can have your team composed with a different type of NFTs. And you can go to the first level of so-called NFT games and stake your collection or individual NFTs.  So it's more about staking and more about gamification, combination of staking and gamification we call it gamify. But in general, it's a play to earn experience. And I would love to actually speak more and open more cuts on a gamify, but I would like to keep a little bit of intrigue and present all these gamify features step by step, just follow us. Yeah, the suspense is killing everyone, but no, I like that definition of gamify. We always have these like buzzwords in the blockchain space that people just don't understand. So you break that down really well, Vladimir. It came from DeFi, Rachel, you know, DeFi gamification. Yeah, exactly. Cool. Well, can we talk a little bit about the metaverse that Blocksport is going to eventually launch? Can you talk a little bit about those plans, maybe share an image if possible? Yeah, so in my view, if we talk about metaverse in general, and I think it's not only my view, but it's your professional, professional sports and sports tech entrepreneur that when we talk about metaverse, we actually meaning that kind of space, the space where fans can interact directly with their favorite players, or with their teams, but in real time, take your virtual environment. And the idea of metaverse, it's good to actually to start the definition. It's actually to bring the fans and idols and the athletes of the teams closer to each other within the one digital space. So if you look at the existing solution, the Blocksport, what we're offering at this market, so without even creating a big virtual world, so we already have this kind of interactions between clubs who are working with us and fans, they can participate in different chats and groups and have different activities, participate in the so-called fan missions, have fan games. So it's a kind of first level to be ready for a virtual experience for the metaverse. So Blocksport at this moment having the foundation we built last two years. So we're now actually seriously working to go to the next level and offer the virtual experience to have all metaverse, not only vision, but also execution. When you visit a football game, to give you also one good example, when you visit a fan of football game and you see only the players, right? But we want, we would like, and actually it's one of our big goals to create a kind of digital space over the metaverse where you can feel like connected, like real feeling or be connected to the game or be engaged during the game and connected to the players even more, feel like be part of the game. That's now you, that's the main purpose to have actually this buzzword metaverse and to have the digital environment where you sit on the stadium, but in reality you are at home in a nice chair with your beer, just putting VR glasses and you can look left and right. You sit on the virtual stadium, you have a virtual seat, but you're watching the real game and you can buy NFT like stock shots in a real-time minted and be unique owner of this special moment NFT weight. And I can continue a lot about these use cases for the metaverse, but what's the main for us for the blogspot at this moment and it's to, from one side, it's to create the ecosystem. Honestly, Rachel, it's not a big, for us it's not priority in 2022 to create quickly metaverse and say, okay, we are actually in metaverse and we have unique solutions. So we are now educating community, we are educating a lot our clubs and partners and we are more focused now on the NFT experience and the fund token experience, DeFi and fund engagement in general. Because then if fans, because we know the community of the sports clubs and fans and the traditional sports club especially, maybe less than 5%, I would say really educated or less educated about NFT and tokens in general. So it's a big mission for us and a lot of efforts to educate and help clubs to educate community to prepare them for the metaverse experience. If you now just put on their heads the metaverse, hey guys, here we go. They just give up and lose the interest because they will feel like a dummy. So let's work hard this year to educate the fans together with the clubs on the NFT side, on the digital assets, on the tokenization, on the fund engagement through tokenization and then we can prepare them for the next level which is metaverse experience. Right, I mean you make really good points and I think education here is really important, Vladimir, because it's like in order to gain mainstream adoption, which I think is going to be challenging with these metaverses, I mean we have to educate people on what that even means, how they can even be a part of this metaverse that you guys are building. So do you see any other challenges worth mentioning here? I mean mainstream adoption is a challenge in my opinion. What do you think? Yeah, absolutely true. So one of the challenges to mainstream adoption is to have the right infrastructure, fast connections, readiness, technological readiness for that because metaverse it's not a joke. You need to be also ready as a fan for that and infrastructure, the global infrastructure for that. It's quite important. And I would like to mention Rachel that what I see now, I'm a little bit maybe older than the digital natives in my 40 plus, but I remember my experience from my university time when it was like boom in 1996, 1997 and it was a big boom of dot coms, a big boom of different browsers and extreme music and a lot of competitors, a lot of brands try to create something own but not thinking about interoperability, how this solution will be connected. So they tried even Apple and Google and Microsoft, they just last year start integrating the products and without the borders. I am worrying that before we will see one big metaverse or Galactic, let's call it different metaverse, we will see what are the issues of bridging or bridging these metaverses, interoperability, compatibility, etc. different protocols, different standards. And for the fans that will be a little bit disaster, even with the web3.org approach, where you just want it to connect, then you will meet another challenges, how to enter this metaverse, that metaverse, etc. Yeah, let's see, I think it's just evolution stuff, so we will be managed, evolutionary, not revolutionary. Yeah, well, obviously interoperability is a major challenge and hopefully we will figure that out soon. Milan and I wanted to ask you, are you planning to launch an NFT collection with Blocksport? Can you tell us a little bit about that? Yeah, as I see your smile, it seems like you know something. I mean, I said before that I have a feeling like many clubs are still far behind in all these things, so I don't want to be far behind. I see how fast the world is moving forward and maybe this could be a good option for me to do something nice for my fans because as I mentioned before, it's a huge opportunity for me and all my fans which are still showing me a lot of support and love on social media. So to give them something back, we will see maybe there will be a small surprise soon. Wow, yeah. Random question, Latin. Is the picture in your background, is that you? That's me, yes. But the picture is there not because of me, not because I'm a fan of myself, it's because of the stadium, that's the Hamburg stadium where I used to play for four years where I had the best time of my professional career and that's why I have it there. Very cool. Well, maybe we'll get to see that as an NFT on Blocksport. That would be pretty cool. I would want that one. Yeah, the suspense is killing all of us. Yeah, that would be so cool. In general, I'm Latin as a former professional athlete and what are your thoughts on NFTs in general, just out of curiosity? In general, I believe that NFTs will probably in a short future will be the new signature cards or like signature cards what people were collecting before, like coming to the training ground with a card, with a picture, having a signature of their favorite players. I believe that NFTs is the future of that because like Vlad said before, the fans have changed a lot as well, many of them are getting younger, they are always with the phones, so I believe this is a huge future, not only in sport, I mean, NFTs are today even art. When I open my social medias, I have every day like 20 notifications about NFTs from different levels. So that's what I think NFTs will definitely be the future in sports, not only in sports. Yeah, and Rachel, just one comment on what actually I want to say, that again, there are a few competitors, there is a competition on the market, right? I love competitions, actually it motivates me to grow personally, it's my wife, always, and different components of our platform, like in NFTs we have a very good example of fantasy game, fantasy football, not even projects, big companies, so actually great guys, so they're growing so fast, and we see no other examples of some NFT marketplace, but what I want to say is that all these guys, for example, socials, one of our friends, competitor, let's say, in a fun-talking story, they're all hunting for the big brands, give me Barcelona, give me Bundesliga, give me whoever, I don't know, David Beckham, but again, my personal belief that tier one, tier two, tier three clubs, legends who are not maybe playing, but still have a huge community and a lot of lovely fans, this is the biggest part of the market, the biggest, and work sport is going to take this actually piece of cake, because we believe that this is actually the biggest market for us, that's an opportunity, so everyone wants to work with a big brand, but if you look at the legends, like Kim Laden, who have a lot of fans, he played so well for the national team, for the different clubs, they have a lot of memorabilia, they have a lot of stuff which they never show the community, and because they know now that fans living in the smartphone, they actually enter the digital era, they want to be closer to the fans, they want to have own digital experience, and for us, it's called even mission, it's a mission to help athletes, legends, sports celebrities, and all these tier two clubs and sports teams to be digitized and enter this digital era together, even more than... Yeah, I know Vladimir, you make a good point, I mean what this is all about really is community and building that community in a digital way, and BlockSport is doing that, and we need that in the sports world, we need it in the sports world, because we're seeing it a lot in all these other sectors, and so this is really important what you guys are doing. Thank you, thank you for giving us opportunity to speak today. Yeah, of course, we're running out of time, so Vladimir and Laden, did you have anything additionally you wanted to add before we sign off, like maybe how the audience can contact you guys or be a part of BlockSport moving forward? Yeah, so first of all, we love our supporters, so I personally appreciate all the fans, all the supporters, all the followers of BlockSport, and fortunately I don't have enough times, maybe I should spend more times speaking to our supporters to the BlockSporters across our social media channels, but I would like you guys to follow us, because the major news and announcements just coming, just coming, and I appreciate your patience, I'm talking to the fans, to supporters that you guys have been with us since last months, and actually I know everyone waiting for the listing, everyone wants to see more features, more idols, more NFTs, fun talking, so it's just coming, so it's a proper timing, so please follow us at BlockSport.io and all our social media, please follow Mladen, because he is one of the only supporters who joined us in 2020, and he believed in us, and Mladen, thank you so much for being with us and part of our great journey. Yeah, well thank you both, Mladen and Mladen, it's been a real pleasure chatting with you, thank you to the audience for being interactive and engaging with us, just want to remind everybody to follow Cointelegraph as well and keep up with our YouTube channel, obviously we've got more great AMAs coming, like this one, and yeah, thanks again guys, it was a pleasure, I'm excited to follow the progress. Thank you, thank you, thank you so much, thank you. Thanks, bye. Bye everyone, bye. Bye bye.


Greetings from the National Archives. I'm David Ferriero, Archivist of the United States, and it's my pleasure to welcome you to today's virtual book talk with Deborah Willis, author of The Black Civil War Soldier. Before we begin, I'd like to tell you about two upcoming programs you can view on our YouTube channel. On Friday, January 29th, at noon, Benjamin R. Justuson will discuss his book, Forgotten Legacy. Historians of long overlooked President William McKinley's cooperation with prominent African American leaders, including George Henry White, the nation's only black congressman between 1897 and 1901. Because of McKinley's dedication to the advancement of African Americans and the safeguarding of their rights as U.S. citizens, he might be considered the first civil rights president. And on Thursday, February 4th, at 1 p.m., Alice Baumgartner will tell us about her new book, South to Freedom. In the years before the Civil War, thousands of people in the South Central United States escaped slavery, not by heading north, but by crossing the southern border into Mexico. South to Freedom gives us a new perspective on antebellum America and the causes of the Civil War. The Civil War was the first large and prolonged conflict to extensively be recorded in photographs. This visual record gives us a sense of immediacy that we don't have with paintings and prints from the Revolutionary War or other earlier conflicts. We can identify individual faces and we can imagine ourselves on the actual battlefields in the aftermath of the fighting. Thousands of those images are now in the National Archives, but photos of black soldiers are rare. In her book, The Black Civil War Soldier, Deborah Willis shows us the faces of a number of black soldiers who took up arms to fight for their freedom. Using photographs and the written record, she examines not only the individual stories of the soldiers, but also the importance of African-American communities during and after the war. Deborah Willis is a university professor and chair of the Department of Photography and Imaging at the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University and has an affiliated appointment with the College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Social and Cultural Analysis, and Africana Studies. Willis is the author of Envisioning Emancipation and Michelle Obama, both of which received NAACP Image Awards, as well as Posing Beauty. Now let's hear from Deborah Willis. Thank you for joining us today. Deborah Willis Thank you. Welcome and good afternoon everyone. I'm excited to be here and I thank the National Archives for this invitation to share my work and inviting me. It's really exciting to consider the work that a place where I did a lot of work in terms of research at the National Archives focusing on my topic. My topic also, it's about memory and rediscovery as well as investigating the legacy of African-American soldiers as well as women and who were teachers and nurses and to think about how photography letters and diaries form this experience. I'm going to start off with sharing my screen and which will include a talk focusing on my research and beginning here with the first image. It's the cover of the book. It's an image that celebrates but also documents the experience of image making. This is one of the photographs that I'm part of the collection that really tells the story of the experience of what it meant to be photographed and then how do we preserve that photograph through the experience of the casing of the image and the sense of bravery when we read the photograph of this soldier who's holding his gun to his chest. One of the first people who inspired me to even to think about this project and to encourage the project is the research that I found on Frederick Douglass, his words. So it was a civil war that inspired Douglass to write and speak on photography. Like many Americans, he believed that photographs and pictures greatly contributed to the succession and a war over slavery. During the civil war, Douglass wrote a number of lectures. He also had created this sense of commitment to the war and he wrote, once you the black man get upon his person the breath letter U.S., let him get an eagle on his button and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket and there's no power on earth or under earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship in the United States. Finding that quote and I use it often just in terms of setting the aspect of the visuality of the experience of being photographed. Harry May Weems is also a contemporary artist who is central to my research. As we think about the missing history of these images, Harry May Weems creates this self-portrait and an antebellum dress styled with a quilt and she says, I looked and looked to see what so terrified you.  Also, I just recently discovered this image of a plantation scene as it's entitled antebellum tableau by a collector by the name of Sean Nolan and it's a fascinating story as I try to place the land, place the personal experience, place the memory of the enslavement and also of the Civil War. Here we see a landowner who's in standing in the front. We see a post but the fascinating aspect of this image also is the women, the black figures in the image. We see a young woman that's straight in the back. She has a bonnet in her hand and another young girl who was actively posing as if she's sweeping the land. The experience of this and we think about dress in these images and the importance of land and family stories. This finding these images and meeting when I was researching this story I was looking for ways to tell how photography mediated with the silencing of this history by going into public and private collections to find another narrative and this is a portrait of Richard Etheridge. It's hand tinted as you could see. It's a cart of a Z and he writes a letter to his former captain, Oren Hedrick. I have the honor to tend here with my regards for the future of your welfare, trusting that in the days to come that we all get a chance to say hello and thank you again. This is an important moment because this is the exchange between a man who was born into slavery, who fought in the war and he was enlisted in the 36 U.S. colored infantry in 1863 and he worked and he fought in Petersburg, new market heights and had a relationship that was healthy with with the captain. And also one of the why I'm excited about the talk here at the National Archives is that I researched the National Archives through the pension records trying to find stories about Black soldiers and their families and their experiences. This is a portrait of Henry Brewster that's in the archives. It's probably about 1870 where his wife in 1905, Susan Brewster, sent her only photograph of her husband requesting its return and we see it still in the archive that the photograph is there in the department of interior and in the archives when she sent the letter but she's asking for the return because this is the only image that Henry was a blacksmith and a laborer and a tailor. He fought in the war. He was injured and she wrote and she had a number of affidavits proving her marriage to Brewster but also citing that he lost sight in his eye and his right eye and he had kidney problems after he left the army. She was trying to get his pension. So there are a number of letters in the pension records where black women are trying to survive after their husband's death. Unfortunately she never received his pension but her letter remains and her affidavits remain legible in terms of telling this story and visualizing that experience. We see it through this photograph of Henry Brewster who's posing in the studio. Another figure that's central to the women in the war is the Washer women. The Washer women are central to this story as we think about the experience of men who fought who also we were thinking about sanitary situations and the war where most of the men many of the men who died they died because of the experience not only of the bullet wounds but because of unsanitary conditions and the experience of Washer women who also washed the clothes of the men and the soldiers and they created try to create a safe space and sanitary space for the soldiers. Here is a woman who's unidentified and her it's in the Smithsonian's collection and she's posed with an American flag pinned to her chest with the US breast button and we see the photographer in terms of relationships as we think about the importance of how the photographer's hand is necessary in creating the importance of the image. Images that are hand tinted really give life to an image and it tells a story of one man who's unidentified here standing in front of a painted backdrop so we see the importance of art in making in history making we see the importance of art as tell it as as a narrative of telling the story of bravery when we see the American flag that is hand tinted we also see the battle battlefields we see the battlegrounds we see the instruments of war and the photographer imagines as the photographer sees himself as posing ready for war ready to fight for freedom not only for himself but for others and a photographer and a family member and also another image of a family of a soldier with his family seated with his children and knowing that this image is the central way of creating a narrative of the importance of family. Women wrote letters to their husbands and it's really as I as I tell this story I think about the experience of women who wrote to Abraham Lincoln about equal pay not only the wives and mothers but soldiers as well as they fought they understood their presence their importance and so in terms of these portraits they were central in circulating the humanity of these subjects so here this is in a private collection of of a collector Greg French and we see these two posed images one of course it's lovely as its gold highlights on the tint type and so again as the artist the photographer is using ways to enhance the story enhance the humanity of the portraits so letters such as this letter that I found it's really important to think she starts off in 1863 and she writes my dear husband I received your last letter tell and then ending up I say tell Isaac that his mother and others got got clothing that they sent so there's an exchange of community when we see this letter from Martha farewell my dear husband from your wife asking him to write soon to experience these moments of gratitude about the war but also worried about the experience of their children and other people in the community that they left this is a image of the 127th Ohio regiment later called the fifth u.s. color truth in Ohio and as they're about to go to war we see a group of people standing on the street faring bearing witness through the experience of these soldiers and in terms of the war and the importance importance of history and barb crowd hammer and I when we created and worked on the book envisioning emancipation we wanted to think about self emancipated people women who and men who are also known as curious as as runaway and this is a quote runaway ad from louis manical plantation and his papers and this is where he highlights he's a fifty dollar reward for a woman by the name of dolly and we see that he says ran away from the yard corner of jackson and brought in august georgia on the date of of seven april 1863 the woman dolly whose likeness is seen here she's 30 years of age like complexion hesitates somewhat when spoken to when spoke when spoken and with a fine set of teeth but rather good looking and not healthy so his his his letter you know implicates her her good looks that she's free that she's she ran away but she was enticed off as they said here by a white man and as research has subsequent research has shared that it could have been a union soldier it could have been her her lover so there are different stories and there's here a photograph of louis manical in south carolina portrait of susie king taylor is thinking about the aspect of susie king taylor and her diary and her book she had a she understood that soldiers desire to communicate with their loved ones and to write letters and she says i taught a great many of the comrades in company e to read and write when they were off duty nearly all were anxious to learn and also her husband also worked with her on that this is a fantastic image of in the scene in view for south carolina with a regiment as is entitled of composed of of quote in scape escapes slaves information we see the land we see the importance of this image and the rarity of space but the comportment of the pose of the of the men in uniform says a lot about the the next step where they were prepared to move forward then and i'm going to walk through some images here that that rarely we rarely see but we see in private collections and the importance of photography and how the picture gallery was a central place for the soldiers to enter saves place to create a sense of identity and to create an image of soldiers who were on a mission to create a story about the fight for freedom this is a group of soldiers and the import hudson louisiana and this is the provost marshal office in port hudson outside we see the range of people we see soldiers we see um men and women who are standing outside in terms of dress we see that some are known as as called contraband as they were seen as they're entering into a space of freedom and moving out of slavery and and these are images where we begin to see a narrative again of masculinity that countered the negative images that were presented of black people black men that had the demeaning images that circulated of black figures so we see a sense of nation building and citizenship with these images we um their images in the collection in the book of apriam lincoln with some of the generals that we know in history to an image here of nicholas biddle who is uh in from pennsylvania in pottsville pennsylvania who in 1861 is known as the first um wounded man in the great american rebellion 1861 april 18th and he was wounded in baltimore when they're a group of men company militia volunteer militia from pennsylvania they marched through the city of baltimore on their way to defend the capital in washington dc it's an important moment for to see this image because biddle who was injured he was called names and and rocks were thrown and he was hit on the head by one of the rocks and was bleeding and we can see after the war he visited photographer studio in his uniform with the handkerchief that he used to wipe the blood off of his face and so here again we see the aspect of creating identity creating a biography through the experience of being photographed in remembering as i mentioned earlier that memory personal and public is central to creating these images we have sailors um we also have journalists and in in the book when i'm when i began the research i wanted to to have firsthand accounts of soldiers as well as their letters but also journalists who wrote about the experience of witnessing the war and this is by william aates johnson prior to black people entering the war he was able to write about the experience and he was a war correspondence toward the pine and palm during the first year of the civil war and he wrote a number of amazing articles that visualize the the the union's experience and the the sense of bravery that meant what they all that meant to most of them he also talked about the loss and what happened um through this experience uh another figure alexander heritage newton and his image here this is in the collection of the viney library but he um newton also wrote about his experience in the war um and as as as well as his enslaved experience as well as helping people through the underground railroad and he says i was born under the regime of slavery a free child my mother being a free woman my father was a slave so that in my family i learned what slavery was firsthand i felt it's a cursed in my bones and i longed for an opportunity and the power to play the role of moses too on behalf of my people so in terms of that and just the poetics of his language and writing helps guide even the pose of his image as we see and he's on the left and we see that experience he also um writes about the experience of the colored orphan asylum in 1861 so we all know that during the time um this was burned down in in new york and this battle um about black people part of the black two that whites were joining the war fighting the war and blacks needed to be a part of this experience and wanted to be a part part of this experience um there was a soldier by the name of james gooding who was prince who was part of who lived in the orphanage in 1846 and so he joined the 54th mass he wrote also a letter about and books about the experience and he also wrote the experience that he had 48 letters in the new bedford mercury about the war from 1863 to 1864 images here is titled contraband and here we see the 13th mass we see women we see a woman who's pregnant we see a young woman the pregnant woman who has her arm wrapped around possibly her mother or an older woman the older woman who removes her bonnet from her head to be photographed and the range of people in this image from children to older people to nurses to men wearing suits and jackets and so we begin to see the formation of the experience of people who were seeking their freedom um this is an african-american hospital workers including the nurses in national tennessee and and this famous well documented image of of gordon who was um you know titled the scourge back and it was used by the abolitionists and there's a man in scotland who says that i found a large number of the 400 contraband examined by me as badly lacerated as a specimen represented in in this enclosed photograph so traveling through boston um this person um scottish scholar john france's cambell he actually purchases as he says a pro-lincoln political photograph and we see the text on the back of this image by um mark by the um car carol marsh um john w mercer who writes the experience about this surgeon who assisted in the take in the care of gordon so when i think about the range of experience of gordon as he entered the camp and how his image circulated and his story circulated in different ways we see that it was in the harpers weekly as a story of a typical negro fighting for his freedom as he entered the camp in ragged clothes um showing and posing these lacerated back to wearing the uniform and so when we again see the range of experience to a confederate soldier with um sergeant chandler from the 44th mississippi to sylas chandler who was his servant who was freed and then they continued to stay with the sergeant when he was wounded images of mothers and and family members and wives um their role played heavily in in the visualizing women and terra hunter writes while women asserted claims of citizen wife or soldier's wife they were not readily granted either and yet they carefully chosen self descriptions to find how they were at once vital to and undervalued by the union so this speaks a lot about how women played the role played their role and and and visualized in their experience in constructing their stories and their memory about uh using photograph is memorializing this experience images of soldiers um just a road island cart of a seat uh women again in terms of teachers as we think of harry and jacob's in her school in alexandra fulginia she is um she says i must say one word about our school and she talks about the children and the importance of the scholars in the community and she was concerned about the health of her daughter these are all significant ways of how we read images of contraband images of men who and women who were and children who were enslaved this is another image here of the smith plantation in view for south carolina images of harry and tubman and significant images of the call for uh men and women to join the war by frederick douglas so here um as i move forward and considering our time looking at the posing of the experience of the quiet moment of going into the studio here is colonel straw who was head of the 54th and we know before he left that he is posed considering the next steps and he says we have gone quietly along forming the regiment as he prepares for the war and how long it takes to get to south carolina as they prepare for the war this is an album in the smithsonian and we see that it's part of the gift of the garrison family the memory of george thompson garrison and this is an album and as i mentioned before how the soldiers also entered in studios the captains and and other servicemen created albums of of the people in their camps and here this is the outside of the album the album is bound in gold leather in terms of the goldleaf's clasp class but we see the power of images and they're they're compelled to tell me the stories to push forward to tell the story of from uh william carney with his flag in terms of his image what he used throughout his lifetime of the importance of the war in his story the narrative of history lessons as we think of portraits this portrait of charles douglas frederick douglas's son who after his father sent this the call to arms colored men called to arms that this is a way of looking at his history posing as before he enters into the war but the pose as he's prepared to fight prepared to fight with his brother louis douglas who has a number of letters in exchange with his fiance amilia and one he writes he he posed for the photographer in boston his photograph is in howard university moreland's bingar and letter collection but he says i've been in two fights and i'm unhurt um i believe we have another fight tonight he says if i survive i shall write you a long letter and then he describes the people who were wounded in from her city in upstate new york and then he writes another my dear girl i am away do not fret yourself to death oh i beg of you do not so he's also concerned about her life her concerns and his fiance he talks also about the experience of the welfare of the men on the camp he talks about the loss of the three who died in fort wagner and these are experiences that give life to the images that breathe life into the images as they weave a story about the history of the not only iconic moments but also the southern landscape and how letter writing and slave narratives were important in creating my story that i was fascinated with and here's a letter um by um Amelia she says my dear louis um i was very glad to receive yours i you know i expected to hear from you i heard that you were ill so there's and then her photograph hand tinted photograph when we began to see these experience of women um how they um envision themselves charlotte fortin's journals she has a wonderful diary of her experience when she met robert shaw and he came to take tea with us and afterwards they stayed to the shout work which was a religious meeting and he was really excited about the experience of going to a praise house to see the quote shout as she describes and she was delighted to find that he was one of the very best and most spirited that he had had um man that he had managed she says that colonel shawl looked and listened with the deepest interest and so he expects his gratitude for inviting him to the shout but as i mentioned again as we think about this is a portrait of henry stewart and his he's part of the 54th mass and he is um this is a photograph in the historical society of massachusetts um disease was the number one killer of of many of the combatants during the war and that he was a non-commissioned officer as many and stewart was actively engaged in recruiting of soldiers in the regiment he died as a disease at the regiment hospital in morris island and 27 september 1863 and his estate was paid 50 dollars so um the sad story he was only in the war less than six months and died he was a recruiter and and unfortunately the stories that that he experienced through um through the unsanitary experiences and here is a portrait of christian fleetwood um he writes that you know fleetwood he you know he was he writes that he from carol county maryland and i get excited about some of these stories because i love the fact that issued a forge cap or a kepi bearing a brass bugle above it then the new the number four a uniform coat dark blue wool uh dark blue wool and an overcoat one pair of light blue wool and trousers you know a booty two shirts a knapsack a canteen these are the and a blanket so when we see this when the soldiers were handed um these items that they could write a note up at break of dawn you know under the supervision of of the camp and the experience of what it meant so every day these little hand diaries that you can hold in your palm of your hand and write a little note about the experience they were portable they weren't large but they had they wrote he wrote about the meals and what the the pickets and what's going on up front and then um the best discovery was um jill a newmark's research on black surgeons and she had an exhibition at nih and here is a photograph of anderson abed and he was appointed an acting assistant surgeon in 1863 and he um he worked at the uh freedman's hospital which is also in the contraband hospital during the war um and so we see his photograph it was in the collection in voltimore we see another surgeon and he writes about the experience on the 14th the most eventful day event of my life occurred i drew a hundred dollars less war tax 250 for medical services rendered to the u.s government my draft was in favor of assistant surgeon rank first lieutenant i read the i read the address several times and i liked it i confess it read strange to me though it read strange to me so reading that that he was paid a certain amount of money even though he didn't like the experience of of of the war but he was there to take care of of some of the wounded men and and and that experience of wearing his uniform another alexander augusta who also um wrote to president lincoln saying he's um he wanted to tender and tended to apply to apply for an appointment to become a surgeon for the freedman and he says i was compelled to leave he left his country to to live in canada to study medicine but come he was he returned to be a part of this experience of the war and here's his photograph and his letter um we see sojourner truth part of this and another group of photographs by white officers who photographed some of their the men in their camp and we see ranges of images of photographs that tell a different story a marriage certificate wb the boys organized an exhibition in 1900 of the medal of honor men who were part of the civil war and he put that in an exhibition in paris and this is a photograph that was on display there an important image that's it george easman house where lewis hind photographed a family family in their home and above the fireplace is the fort wagner a drawing of the fort wagner unfortunate death of of all of the men who died including shaw and we see this is a part of the artwork on the wall and we see the importance of the memory of that experience and contemporary artists such as window white looking at the history of these images of and the experience of the images that are in the archives and he's making contemporary images about um these experiences the notion of the grand army of the republic uh the veterans of the war this is a parade in may 30th uh 1912 in the blockson collection at temple university um young women and men walking with their grandfathers and fathers marching through the streets carry me weaves another artist who's also looking at that experience of the war and making art about it and she photographed the the monument the on in boston and here it's a title restless after the longest winter you marched and marched and from that experience carry is looking at the experience of an artist who used this story to create to recreate the monument and to dramatize the long marches the cold winters and photographing this at a time when the 54th left the city and it says that at the 54th regiment marching down beacon street on may 28 1863 they left boston to head south weaves focuses on one soldier in this big monument and she says that you know the because of the looking at these images in the tarnished winters and the experience of the artwork changing as a result of the elements it looks as they're sweat um rolling and falling down the soldier's face and the way that this brings life to the experiences of contemporary artists who looking at the war such as willie william earl williams's image of sergeant carney monument in north oak virginia that was built and by black people in that town and then linda ford roberts as she's photographing in north carolina and thinking about death as well as the experience of the burial grounds that the divided in death and you know and divided in life and here we see the the two sides of a cemetery and and then ending with images of women who were who worked for the union and the confederate hospitals there were nurses and cooks and laundry women um and here are some photographs that are in collections and one of my um i really love this image as an arlington house as a way of uh the responding to uh looking at this image and this is a salina nara's graze image um that she was um when she fled when the when robert lee left the house and here we see she is credited with saving um some union soldiers and say you know saving um some of the heirlooms from belonging to uh george washington that were stored in the house so she's has this complicated role in history where she's working uh with the both sides and at the same time understanding the role that she has in history by looking at this photograph we see her with these two young figures with dress again is a central story in this so i'm going to stop sharing the screen and open up for um questions so just checking the chat okay so there are no audience questions at this time and um this work for me in terms of the experience of of this wonderful um 10-year research follows um a long history of you know four years when we think about the war but i'm amazed at the research that we see that gives life to um these powerful images um just seeing the struggle that black people had in terms of fighting to be part of this phrase uh part of this equality wanting to be free and the importance that their words and their images are preserved they're preserved at the national archives and in terms of that experience but also their crucial stories as well as these images of these um fantastic works by the photographers as these artists um knew the importance of the worthiness of of these soldiers and and fighters and and cooks and nurses the sense of what it meant to be free and what it meant to personalize their experience through um the visual image and so um i guess now that um we have no questions and i'd like to end and just think about um for us to imagine what um you know photography meant um in this you know photography was basically 20 some-eyed years old when um the war started and to create this long visual history as visual evidence of of of the black presence was a an important role that photography played so in terms of the multiple lessons that we learned through history i see the visual visual experience as telling that story and thank you


This week, risk bides is back to looking at dose response models to estimate risk. To recap, a dose response model describes the relationship between how much of something gets to a specific part of your body and the magnitude of the effect that its presence causes. Today we'll look at two of the simplest models around. These are still used by risk assessment experts and offer tremendous insight into the risks presented by different substances and how they can be managed. To start with, we have the threshold model.  Thanks to millions of years of evolution, your lungs are pretty good at handling inhaled particles, so your body gets rid of the particles, repairs any damage that they cause and you remain hail and hearty. That is, until the amount of stuff you inhale overcomes your lungs ability to handle it. Once you pass this threshold, the more particles you inhale, the more damage is caused and the greater the risk to your health is. This type of response, and it isn't limited to particles and lungs, can be modelled with a threshold dose response model. At low doses, the body can handle the stuff, so you're exposed and there is negligible risk. But above a threshold dose, the body's defenses begin to struggle and increasing dose leads to increasing risk. According to the threshold model, if exposure is kept well below a certain level, risk is minimal. But what if you're exposed to something that causes irreparable damage? It used to be thought that this was the case with substances that cause cancer. Here's how the thinking goes. Imagine, a chemical gets into the nucleus of a cell and messes with your DNA. Now, imagine that messed up DNA is replicated every time the cell divides. So rather than your body getting rid of the problem, it makes it worse. And at some point, that messed up DNA could potentially lead to cancer. Now you have a situation where a higher dose means greater risk, but there is always some risk associated with dose, no matter how small that dose is. In other words, there is no threshold. This no-threshold dose response model is still used to estimate the risk associated with exposure to cancer-causing agents. Of course, both of these models are wrong. Just like all models, they have their limitations, but they are useful. We now know that DNA damage and repair are more complex than previously thought, and so the no-threshold model is oversimplistic. We also know that people respond to non-carcinogens in complex ways, and so the threshold model is also oversimplistic. But each model still provides risk assessment experts with valuable insight into the harm that exposure to a substance might cause. And they provide a powerful starting point for thinking about the relationship between dose and response and what this means for understanding and managing risk. Risk Bites will be looking at increasingly sophisticated dose response models in later episodes, but until then, stay safe.


what's up guys take down here with another hockey card video for you guys of course um since i know now i'm not going to get any more tim hortons cards for the year i figured why not make a video showing the best of what i got this year my favorite cards the top cards that i have got um recently i've gotten a few from collector buddy i didn't expect any from it but i did get a few um in there to add a little bit more to my collection but i'm basically going to share the top cards my favorite cards a few base cards the rest are going to be the um inserts that i found but let's just get right into this video starting with the base cards my top base cards for the year i have shea weber oliver ekman larson taylor hall who i'm a huge fan of especially when he was in edmonton uh jamey ben dallas matt murray if i had a list of top goalies my favorite goalies he would be on that list which i might do in the future i might make as i'm making more top 10 videos now i might make top 10 videos um for goalies and stuff hockey related also i have mitch murner michael murner braden holtby tyler sygan i know i'm probably butchering that name phil kesel who i think he's great i love his attitude even though a lot of people think he's an ass i think it's great um what he does now i know i don't have those in these in these sleeves but that's because i mostly uh ran out of the sleeves right now i have pk subain who i'm a huge fan of um i like that he wore jagers jersey in the the 2016 um skill competition and i have sydney cross these base cards so that's probably my top base card that i have uh would have been nice to get economic davids but um i don't know which one to start with next but i only have two platinum profiles this year this is the 2017 2018 tim horton's card by the way of course if if you guys want to wear that um but i have alex alex election and i have brad mershan platinum profiles so that's the only two platinum profiles i managed to pull this year also my location sold out pretty quick and i wasn't buying them rapidly hopefully next year when tim horton's card has come around hopefully i get a few more packs and i bet be able to do a few more openings um with them for you guys so let's get into the game day action card i will save the best for last or what i think the best one is i have bow horvitt i have tyler sagan i have max pack ready rent burns and as you guys know this is part of my uh collection of his that i have started connor mc david so maybe i will share just his collection in the future i don't have too much i'm sharing pretty much three of the five things i have in it but if you guys comment down below or if you guys are interested in seeing that small collection of connor mc davids that i have uh let me know and i will i will share it with you guys so now i'm getting into the gold stat makers cards so i have merc shelf lay i probably butchered that name i do apologize i'm trying to make these quick and efficient i have a vladimir torresenko sydney crossby his gold stat maker which i do enjoy that one and then also in the connor mc david collection connor mc david gold stat but my favorite my top card the most expensive card a lot of people whenever i made the video saying it's a 60 dollar value a lot of people said no try 30 maybe 40 dollars values um but what i found is that it is worth 60 dollars i didn't get mine appraised but what they're averagely going at is 60 dollars some more some less but it is the triple exposure connor mc david card see if i can get it to uh there you go so i still consider this a 60 dollar value i don't care if it's 10 dollar value or 60 dollar value it's in my connor mc david collection that is the purpose so i just wanted to basically recap the uh 2017 2018 hockey cards uh tim hortons hockey cards that i've um acquired this year and i am hoping next year cards i hope i get some of them i can't wait to start opening that as i come to the end of my hockey card the end of the nhl season that's probably going to be when i stop doing hockey card videos for you guys to stop sharing that but around that time i'll probably be making a video kind of like this sharing the best of what i got the past season so look forward to that and then of course uh when the time comes i will be back when tim hortons comes back that's whenever i start collecting again um unless i can get a really good deal straight from upper deck as you guys know that's where i got two blasters recently um so they're actually cheap shipping shipped in two days honestly a great experience loved it but that's all i have for this video just wanted to share the top of my tim hortons cards i got this year since i know i'm not getting any anywhere else and i'm not paying an arm and a leg for a card i'm not playing paying an arm and a leg for packs a lot of people are selling these packs the packs i have three cards in them it's like seven or eight bucks you can get them on ebay and that and to me it's like no that's not worth it i'll get them for a dollar or two dollars um depending on if i get a hot shock or whatever uh whatever uh they come back so i'll see you guys in the next video just sharing a lot of my collections with you guys and i'm enjoying doing it anyways take care peace


Hello, beautiful. Welcome to my channel. I feel evil in this look today. You know, I just feel like I'm gonna like just turn into a crew. Like, I feel like I'm little, little, little, little, I don't know what I was gonna say. How are we today? You look stunning. Thank you for being here. Today, we're watching some people dye their hair using a frosting cap.  But sometimes, I mean sometimes, it comes out decently well and people can sometimes make it work. And how? It's still a mystery to me, but we're gonna find out today. Let's see if any of these people today doing a cap highlight can actually do it well. I'm hoping for the best, but expecting the worst, as usual. Let's watch these videos. Let's do it. Dang, two videos. Ha, ha, ha, ha, that's my job. Up first, we have a video by Angie and this is called DIY Cap Highlights, AKA Running My Hair. Ravando, help. It's my goal today is to help you. I'm trying to transition to a blonde somehow and I'm taking it little by little. So the bottom part is ombre. It's like dark blonde to brunette. I'm into her color right now. It looks cute. I love the transition from the really dark root to the lighter blonde. It ends, it looks really smooth, really seamless. It looks quite nice and I'm excited to see how blonde she can get herself today without ruining her hair. She did say in the title that she ruined her hair. So I don't know if that's exactly gonna happen. I think we both know that she's gonna ruin her hair somehow. I'm going to be trying cap highlights. That's the goal? I don't think you're gonna get there with a cap highlight. Those are like baby lights with foils and a root shadow and the cap, it's gonna give you streaky. And it's gonna look wacky. So I'm gonna get my hair out with this thing from the holes. Let me just tell you something about caps. They are so uncomfortable. They're hot.  It hurts. It takes so long and the results are sh** and that's why I don't do them. I don't think it looks perfect. No. But at that stage, you know, I'm like effing it. I'm gonna do it and I'm gonna finish it. It's pretty late at night. I'm gonna be mixing one part powder. I'm glad she's using bleach and not color because color doesn't look color and it seems like she has a lot of color on her hair currently. So that's good. I've seen a lot of people do these cap highlights and then try to use box dye over their already colored hair. It doesn't work like that, guys. It doesn't work like that. Okay, so we're going in with the lightener and her hair is quite thick. She has a lot of hair coming out of that cap. This is just not a very precise way of applying lightener. That's a lot of hair to just apply lightener to all at once. So that scares me. So I feel like she's gonna get spotting or something. You also have another thing to worry about with cap highlighting, which is bleeding through the cap. If you put lightener directly on top of the cap and basically push it down, smush it in, it's gonna end up on your roots and you're gonna get like zebra stripes going on. And then on top of it, think about this. How does she know where the hair is coming from? Of course, there's holes in the cap, right? But think about it. The crochet needle goes in, basically picks up a random spot of hair and pulls it out. You don't know if that hair is coming from over here and then pulled out over here or from here and pulled out over here. It could be anywhere. We don't know. You don't know either. I don't know either. And that is scary. I'm not sure if you can see, but I'm ready. I think I'll go wash this off. I'm glad she used the Saram wrap. That way she can keep the heat in. I think I ruined my hair. Oh! Fuck! I need it. Look at these lines. Absolutely not. I have dark dye. I'm going to apply it to my roots. That was like the worst case scenario. It was like orange and there was bleeding all over the scalp. I'm so sorry that happened to you.  I'm glad that she's going in with a root shadow now because that was a scary sight. I hope this root shadow is dark enough to cover up those spots. So I'm in the middle of root retouching. I'm doing some Chetan Brown root touch-up to blend because I very quickly, yesterday put the blue black here, which covered those spots because I panicked from them. But the blue black is too bright and I wanted to blend it to brown to blonde so that it's not like too bad to accept. Putting black over highlights is going to make them look hollow and lifeless. And also it's going to be such a harsh transition from black to blonde. So I'm glad she's doing something in between to kind of smooth it out. Otherwise it would have looked really wacky. Finished root shadowing, I don't know. Ooh, this looks kind of cute. This is my hair right now. Okay, okay, okay, okay, okay, baby, baby, baby. I can tell that it looks blended and my hair will come out better. I can feel the stress through this screen. Like I am feeling everything you're feeling right now, Angie. Girl, let's breathe. It'll all be okay, we can fix it. The highlights just are higher.  So this is like the biggest mistake I've done was letting the color bleed. The second mistake I've done was to go right away ham with the black. Although I'm not mad at it, maybe if I started with the brown, it would have looked nicer. I am not regretting it. I wanted to do this. Let's take responsibility for this. At least she knows what she did wrong and we're learning. Plus, she doesn't regret it, which I think it's great to not regret things in life. Let's see these results. Hopefully it's a little better. Okay, so I wanted to update you. I've done the shading. So I still have them going on the highlights. I've went from very black, which as I told you was an impulse of done. And then I faded it to medium brown and then it goes to a blondish hair color. I toned it a bit, but it needs a little bit more toning. Okay, from that fiasco that happened to her hair to this, I am extremely, extremely happy. This looks so much better. Her hair actually looks really good. It blended well the back of my hair. Before I had the ombre, then right away, like it was a blend, but it wasn't such a smooth blend like now. Now it has a little bit of more interest. And I think when my hair grows out as well a little bit, it's gonna look even better. I think she did a great job at fixing her issue. Let's not get into that problem the next time, you know? I'm glad we learned from it and I'm glad the results were cool and good and nice and pretty, but you really scared the f*** out of me for a second. You really did, Angie. You really got me on that one. Like I don't even know you. What are you trying to get? Trying to get me back for something? Like what did I do? Up next, we have a video by Eugene's Life. And this is called Bleaching My Hair with a High-Living Cap. Hi, Brad Mother. You don't really be saying how to me in these cap highlighting s***, huh? What is that about? You know that I don't like them or something? You know that I'm scared of cap highlighting? Besides that one time that I did it on mannequin, it came out good. Hi, Brad Mondo. Hey. I'm gonna bleach my hair today. Good luck. I want highlights. Okay. So I got this highlighting cap. I've seen a lot of successes with this.  Where have you seen the successes? Where have you seen them? Where have you seen the successes? I wanna know where the f*** is in them. Where are you raising that? I should be... What are you doing? Where are you using the successes? I don't know. I haven't seen a lot of successes with cap highlighting. And I'm gonna be honest. I've been around the block a few times and I haven't done anything, but, you know. And then you pull out hair pieces from these holes. Because it's kind of hard to do right now. I'm just gonna take it off. What are we doing? We're already off to a bad start. Please do not rip it out. The plastic is there, so that seep through the holes. Thank you. Oh, f***. I mean, I'm glad you put that disclaimer in here, but don't you think the plastic was there for a reason? Come on, they didn't just like accidentally put a piece of plastic on it. She's gonna get bleeding, isn't she? That was a bad idea. I think it's supposed to do where the circles are. I think... I don't know for sure. We could probably read the directions. We could or not. I think you're gonna go with the second choice. What do you want from me? You want to watch the videos of me? Okay, so we're definitely not taking enough hair out. This is painful to watch. I'm gonna guess this doesn't turn out well at all. The way she's just blindly pulling these hairs out. How are people doing the back of their heads?  That way it's even on both sides. This is all confusing to me and I can't wrap my head around it or I don't know how they had the patience to do this. This s*** is wild, crazy and not cool at all. Since it's mirrored, when I try to go forward, it's backwards in the mirror and it's so hard. I'm stressed out. I'm sweating. Can you see that? Do you guys see that white things right here? There's humidity right there. This is like a torture device. It's time for the bleaching process. Got hair and now I'm going to make the bleach. Please help her, please help her. I don't know what kind of lightener she's using, what developer, I don't know what's going on so no thoughts on that. Brad, Manda always explains that you should never start at the top because this is where your hair is the warmest so it gets bleached really quickly compared to the bottom. I'm gonna be doing the bottoms first. That is right. However, in this situation, you are wearing a cap that is blocking most of the heat from your scalp so I wouldn't worry too much about that.  It's not gonna make anything better, but yeah. I mean, it might make it a little more annoying. I do appreciate that she has a comb on this brush and she is combing it through. I would definitely recommend that if you're ever gonna attempt this, comb the lightener through because otherwise I don't see how you're gonna get on every single strand or how you're gonna make sure it's distributed evenly upon all the strands. However, I don't think that's your worst worry because at the end of the day, this is just a bad idea in general. This girl's allowed to have the most stripy highlights ever. 30 minutes on the clock. Okay. That's orange. Ah, okay, okay, okay, okay. Okay, so my hair is fully dry and I think I'm gonna bleach it one more time because of this box. Right now, it's like kind of in the middle between these two, but I want a purple shade. I'm gonna go lighter. Things just went from bad to worse, to worse-est because she just pulled out a gray box dye. Oh, you got it. At least she's gonna tone it with something and it has a lot of purple in it, so, and blue. So it'll hopefully help correct this orange situation she has going on right now.  I'm gonna bleach it one more time and I pray that it's not gonna fry off. All right, well, here we go. We're doing it again, and again, and again, and again. Well, I did think she needs another bleach, honestly. I think it was pretty orange, but I don't know. I think she should have toned it a deeper color because at the end of the day, this gray, it's gonna be, I don't know. It could be fine. I don't know. What it's gonna look like. Okay, it looks about the same, but we'll see. And does it fall off? We may not know yet. I think it got lighter. Not really. That really did nothing. Brad Mondo, I'm sorry. I'm not using toner, but I really like this color. I'm hoping it turns out violently. Okay, so it is permanent color. I don't know how this works. How is it going to make somebody's hair gray? I mean, she just mixed developer in there, so I'm very confused. It looks brown. I wish she gave us the satisfying moment when the blonde comes out of the cap. Why did you do that to us? Don't get the satisfying moment of you taking the cap off. I waited this entire time. I don't even get to see that. Well, I guess it's still a little satisfying, all those strengths. I am happy that she's doing a very dark color because otherwise, I just don't think it would have been, okay, it would have been scary. I just took a shower. Oh. It looks like there's no difference. I don't know. I don't know because it's nighttime, but I don't think they turned silver like I wanted it to. It looks the same. It's the next day, and here is my hair during the day. Very light. It did not turn violet or silver the way I wanted it to, but I'm satisfied. Well, I'm glad you're satisfied because I'm sure not. I'm actually so unsatisfied. That was a mess. Next time you need to line your hair more, in order for gray to show up on hair, your hair needs to be basically as light as possible. Like a pale yellow. I don't really get the gray highlight thing. I would rather your whole head just be gray or like an ombre gray. Something like that would be cooler to me. Your hair could have turned out a lot worse. It could have looked way, way worse. And the scary part is too is that these highlights are gonna lighten up as you wash your hair and once that color comes off. So good luck with that. Don't do it next time. That's the only advice I have for you.  What happened with that permanent color toner is that it sucked up all that purple and blue in it and the hair was orange. So it kind of just like neutralized the orange and turned it into this like neutral blonde color. It didn't work and I'm sorry for that. Well, that was interesting and horrifying and I don't want to see that again. I really don't like cap highlighting. So don't try it yourself. Thank you. And it like never comes out good. So cap highlighting. If you guys are not already subscribed, make sure you do right down below. Here you go. Also click the like button and the bell icon to be notified every time I post a new video. You can also follow me everywhere. I love to hear all my social media handles all around me. Go for it. If you like to text me, here's my number. Yes, it's really connected to my phone. Yes, I really do see some of your messages and yes, I'll be texting back a few of you guys if you text me right now. It'll also keep you notified every time I post a new video. If you guys like to check out my hair care and my color line and get the color I'm wearing today which is super red and super orange mixed together, you can do so at xmodohair.com. It is linked below for you. You can also check out some hair inspiration on our Instagram at xmodohairforhaircare and xmodocolorforcolor. If you like to check out my merch, you can do so here.  I wear it every day of my life and it's so comfy. Oh, I literally live in it. You can check it out with the link below or at xmodohair.com. Today's Instagram shout out goes to Alina and this says, hi Brad. If you have some hair color, styling advice from me, I'd be super happy to know. I always have advice for everybody. Gorgeous. I love the color. I love this coppery color on you. I think if you even enhance this copper color and did like a super, super duper copper, I would really like that with your skin tone and your makeup, as well as doing a maybe less severe side part. I would really like to see that. But I love the layering you have going on and I love the look and you are so gorgeous. Do what you're doing, but amp it up. That's all for today, guys. Thank you so much for watching. Don't forget to live your extra life and I'll see you next time. Bye guys.


One of the most frequent questions I get on social media, and rightfully so, is, is there a role for marijuana or THD in cancer? So as far as against cancer itself, there's extremely little data to support that it actually has anti-cancer properties. However, there are some mice models that show that it may have some anti-cancer properties in glioma cells, but outside of that, there's very little data to show that it actually shrinks tumors. I think arguably it's not inarguably a role for cancer patients and cancer treatments because there is data to suggest that number one, if you are having nausea and vomiting, especially from chemotherapy, that there's evidence that it shows that it can actually help or improve that nausea and decrease those vomiting episodes, at least with immunodeficient patients like with AIDS. Durabinol is a synthetic THC product that's been used and prescribed with efficacy to help appetite and basically put on those calories you need.