So recording now and I'm going to hand this over to Tim Konstian who is the sponsor fulfillment coordinator So Tim go ahead and kick us off Hi, everybody. I've worked with many of you before and maybe nagging at some time But a lot of the deadlines are approaching. So Maybe I won't be so annoying but as Megan mentioned this will be recorded and it will be stored in the event kit If you missed the last Webinar we had that one was more about about your sponsorship their coordination activities any logistics Neat shipping information This webinar is really going to be more about maximizing your sponsorship You know Megan mentioned it before we are so appreciated over your support and the excitement around Drupal Karnel a huge You can actually feel it around the office and we're all excited here We're hope you're excited, but ultimately you're here for for more than just supporting the Drupal community And so this is really good chance to learn new ways how to you know maximize it how to make the most out of your benefits and really Have your Drupal Karnel a la experience the best it can be so Many of you do know Megan. She's a pro. She's been around since really the beginning of the Association has been a part of Everything Drupal so she really is the master at this and you can learn a lot from her But if you or your employees are missing it again, this will be stored in the The event can't you can go back and review it there. So with that I'm going to kick it off Megan feel free to type any questions in the questions section and we will get to them as best as we can and You know if you have any follow-up questions direct them to me on my email Or my sky, please message quite a bit. So Megan let's get started. Okay. Thanks. Well, that was quite the introduction Never been called the master before but I'll take it. So why don't we just dive into this presentation? And hopefully everyone's seen it if you are not able to see it just Put a note in the question section and we'll just fix anything as we go along All right, so Everyone is sponsoring for slightly different reasons and What I've found over the years is there's three main reasons why people sponsor one is to For business reasons, obviously you're looking for leads. You want to do business development with other companies? So we'll talk some about how to really Use Drupal con for that purpose other people are there to recruit talent We're gonna have Thousands of developers and site builders as well as other job functions at Drupal con It's a great chance to highlight your company culture and your jobs and interface with people that are Possibly looking for a position and so the other reason people Sponsor is to support the community to demonstrate that they're one of the community and a leader in the community As well as a thought leader, so they might be sponsoring to highlight some of their modules And I'm trying to get more traction with that module within the within the community So those are the three reasons. I see people wanting to sponsor but regardless of what you want to Get out of this Drupal con There's really four simple steps To help you achieve your goals and one is you have to be proactive You have to really start your marketing as you're leading up to Drupal con through Drupal con and after and I will talk about some steps that you can take You also want to make sure you really know what your goal is and that it's measurable And that you have a really clear Chris message that you are pushing out To Drupal con attendees and that your whole company who's attending is part of that team And then the last one is you want to look at all your channels So not just the team members who are going to be going but also what are you doing? We're social media and blogs and your newsletters and things like that. So We will kind of break that down a little bit and see what that looks like for each of the different reasons You might be sponsoring. So as I mentioned, you need to be proactive and So that means even starting now you can start promoting your sponsorship We recommend that you contact your database and followers On in social media really let them know that you're going to be there Maybe your company is presenting. Let them know that what session got selected Tell them to check you out at the exhibit hall give them your booth number You can even do raffles. Let them know like maybe you want to raffle off an iPad or whatever It's cool. Now, you are even welcome to raffle off any of your unused Drupal con conference passes When you are doing your promotions through social media We put in the handles and the hashtags that you'll want to use just so that you get even more traction and In reach through your social media channel. So you'll see that here and these are some of the things you can do beforehand during the Drupal con You want to think about all the people you're sending. So whether they're going to be working in your Your booth or they might be presenting. They might be a developer who is going to sessions or Going to the sprints. This is your this is your team. This is your street team So to speak you really want to give them a uniform so that your brand stands out wherever they go and Even if they're developers, we highly recommend that you give everyone business cards because everyone's there to network And you can think about branding your business cards beyond just your you know company logo You can put your message on there. So for example, if you're recruiting talent you might want to have your the jobs URL on there or Just pull it out the Positions that you have open and that way even if it's a developer who's talking to someone they can just hand this out to people So that's one thing that we recommend is just make sure people know you're there And before you get on site sit down with everyone who's going and let them know what your goals are And what the message is and give them metrics So for example, if it's we want to have so many leads Coming out of this business, you know, your team should sit down and know what that is And what the message is what your elevator pitch is and make sure that everyone understands that you are to have these kinds of conversations And maybe even we'll go into some more detail about how you can set up meetings beforehand with you know, kind of like your target audience and make sure that the conversations are we're going to happen so that you leave the event With the outcome that you you were hoping for Also during the event you want to really keep your name out there every, you know, it's great opportunity to be blogging some people will Do a blog every night kind of a recap and get it out into social media And then of course you could be doing live tweeting during the trees node or any important sessions It helps you just really keep your brand out there and be seen as a thought leader And make sure that you are participating in all of the ways that have this organic networking We have birds of a feather as a chance to come together and Talk kind of meet people who want to talk about a common topic that you get to choose or other people choose But you can look for birds of a feather meet people Of a similar interest as you you can go to the special events that are happening at night And you can find out what the community is Doing in terms of events by going to the event site under the community section and we'll be promoting Where all the sponsor parties are and of course we even just have the hallway track It's not an official track, but you'll see a lot of people will go to Drupal con and not even go into sessions They just walk around the hallway and network and talk and they get a lot of business done there So just make sure you have people that are available to float around and have those organic conversations And then of course if you did get a booth as part of your sponsor package Just make sure whatever your message is it's really clear what you're promoting and Have it aligned with your goals and do different things to bring people into your booth whether it's raffles or Clipting cards business cards from people or whatever you need to do just to capture names that you can then follow up with them Because afterwards you want to make sure you do follow up with all your contacts that you're making throughout the event and Again, just reinforce the message and your call to action And we recommend that you get your follow-up email out within 48 hours We highly recommend that you Write this before you go to Drupal con and you have it ready to just push a button and Send out to your contacts because it is a marathon going to a Drupal con and it is exhausting And even 48 hours after Drupal con you may really not want to do a lot of work So we recommend that you plan ahead and and line that up so that it's just a push of a button So those are just some high levels of what to do before during and after a Drupal con regardless of what you're trying to achieve with your sponsorship But let me drill down into those three different areas the lead generation talent acquisition and community and thought leadership So for lead generation This is a sponsoring it gives you an opportunity to acquire new clients What we recommend is you go to the URL that I have here. It's the attendee profile page When a person registers for Drupal con they have the opportunity to say yes make my attendee information public and So this URL takes you there so you can see all the people who are willing to Communicate with you you can click on each individual's picture and profile and email them directly We highly recommend that you're very careful and how you use this because we have had people in the past use webcrawlers to Get all the profiles and their emails and just email them All of them and that came off the spam and it really was not well received And so We recommend that you do go through you think about who you really want to talk to and you email each person directly to the channel that they've Allowed you to communicate with them and it's a great opportunity to say who you are and why you want to talk with them and sit up a meeting so that you can Have a more meaningful conversation face to face So that's one thing that we highly recommend is that you make sure you go into these Conferences with meetings set up and then of course You might want to think about giving your staff some goals So give them goals for how many sales meetings they should have how many conversations they need to have And how many business cards they collect, you know, if you don't measure it you can't manage it and We just always find the more metrics you put around things that the more you come out with a better outcome So there's some suggestions for new clients some other things are you can just find new clients just by being available So you might have some people in your sponsor booth But make sure you have someone else who can roam around do that business development and strike up conversations at the birds of a feather and the social events We also have the IP happy hour on Wednesday that you're all invited to and so I highly recommend that you go to that It's mostly You know the sponsors and the supporters that it's the Drupal shops Software companies hosting companies that attend there and so that's something that you you definitely want to put on your calendar So those are some ways to get some new clients out of Drupal con But you can also use Drupal con as a sales tool to reach into your existing pipeline You know, you can go back to lost deals even and let them know where you're going to be Perhaps you want to invite them and see if you can kind of resurrect that relationship. I'm sure you have active leads that You're just looking for another reason to nurture them and and and reach out and touch them one more time with some communications And so we can easily help you do that And then also you might have some existing clients that you want to expand the footprint within that client and and so Drupal con can help with that as well So what we we recommend is for all of these categories lost deals active leads Existing clients is to invite them to Drupal con You get to really kind of be their Sherpa For Drupal con let them really see that you're the expert Bring them to your employees sessions or other sessions that help reinforce your expertise You can host a dinner and invite them to come and join you where you can talk to them some more about Drupal and your services Of course while you're on site you can show them around You know, it's not just the sessions, but it's the Coder lounge where People are working or the sprints. There's just so many things that you know Depending on their interests you can really find out what their interests are and make sure you walk them over to that or even Introduce them to some of the rock stars that are there So to reach out to them we we'd certainly recommend that you send them a newsletter or promote your presence there and blogs and and social media and I just really Give give them a reason to come and talk to you one more time and help move them through the pipeline or expand their expand their engagement with you So that's How to get some leads from new clients as well as through your existing pipeline But there's another way of generating leads and that's through partnerships. So many Drupal shops especially say that You know, they have a lot of leads but perhaps their Their bench is not available And they're looking for the right person to pass the lead on or maybe there's some downtime with their bench And so they're looking to take on some special projects Or maybe you even have a certain expertise and you'd like to go to market with someone and Kind of capture our special segment so that's where we start talking about partnerships and I see a lot of this happening at Drupal con I've even seen partnerships forum and turn into mergers They're just pretty exciting. We're starting to see a little bit more of that in the Drupal ecosystem, too and so this is a great time to you, you know, especially if you're on the show floor look around see who else is on the show floor and You know when people are in sessions and it's quiet in the exhibit hall go ahead and start talking to each other You know, there's probably a lot of business that you can trim up just by collaborating and Again, if you know that this is a direction you want to go take a look at the sponsor page and the companies that are out there check out their their profiles and set up some meetings in advance and so you make sure that You have these conversations because Drupal cons can be really distracting. So you don't want to leave a Drupal con without You know Having these conversations take place and again, I can't reinforce it enough You want people to work in the booth, but you definitely want to make sure there's someone who's having these meetings And it's not tied to the booth all the time So those are a couple different ways that you can take advantage of Drupal con for lead generation So talent acquisition is a big part of why people sponsor and So if you have a booth you want to make sure it's really clear that you're hiring so put up a sign Make sure that when people come visit you at the booth that you can hand out a flyer that explains what the jobs are Right. It's very strong call to action Again, you can sit at meetings in advance go through the attendee profile if you see people that match What you're looking for in terms of new talent go ahead and tell them that you're really interested in having a conversation and let Them know a conversation never hurts We also have our new job board called Drupal jobs and Tim is going to be sending you a coupon code so that you can post jobs. We highly recommend you take advantage of this And again, make sure you have business cards to hand out to everyone whether it's your developer staff That's going or your sales team Everyone's part of networking. So just make sure you have business cards to hand out and your business cards can even promote some of your jobs And whatever you do with your messaging, I highly recommend that you demonstrate Why your company is great. There's a lot of companies to work for in the Drupal community So why is your culture the one that is so special? I highly recommend that you really think about that captured in pictures Captured in a list of your benefits You can really use that as your messaging in social media and blogs You know, and it's really important to show that you're living your culture So if your team's getting together and doing a special team dinner or you're having fun together Take pictures of that and tweet it out with a call to action of like come work for us And do the same with blogs and your other different channels, but that's just really one way I see companies separating themselves from the pack because like I said Drupal talent they can choose to work anywhere, but there's certain things that they're looking for It's not always just salary salary is always a thing. Well, I've never we're looking for, you know, flexibility that work-life balance opportunities for challenges and Getting to work on special new projects and in learning and professional development So those are the kinds of things that you want to call out Another reason people sponsor is to show that they are community or thought leader and So if you have a booth again, just highlight that message if you are a supporting partner We are going to give you a sign that you can put on your table Maybe you want to even bake that into your messaging a little bit to show that you're not just someone who's built a business with Drupal, but you're giving back in all the ways you're giving back whether it's being a supporting partner contributing to the Drupal aid accelerate fund Of course all of the code that you're contributing because code is king. So make sure you highlight your modules at your booths and in your social media. I'll just get the word out there and You know, you could even attend buffs you might see that there's a need to really talk about certain Things about the community. Maybe it's something about being a camp organizer or maybe it is about certain Functionality that really, you know, you really want the community to come around and talk about and you can schedule birds of a feather session or buff as we call it and Help lead that conversation Really put yourself in a position of leadership You can also look to see what birds of a feather have been scheduled by others and attend and show your leadership by adding to the conversation again, of course, you can show your your community and thought leadership just by highlighting everything through all of your communication channels and And again There's something better than just showing that you really live your values and One way to do that is go to the community summit on Monday. It's a free event if you are a community leader go ahead to that You can find more information on the event site And this is where community leaders talk about ways better ways to run camps or better ways to Promote the sprint mentor program So I highly recommend that event I also say that joint you can become a sprint mentor or have your staff become sprint mentors Kathy phase is looking for people who will work with our new community members and show them how to get ready for a sprint and Show them how to contribute on Friday. I went through that program a little bit and I have to say it just Accelerated my understanding. I have a lot more to do but I am Eternally grateful for the sprint mentors who helped me and and one of them was Bluehost And I will never forget that it was Bluehost who reached out and helped me. It's a great way to align your brand with Connect the ethos of our community and Anyhow, I just can't encourage you enough to have your staff sign up to be a sprint mentor Really good for your company and then of course you can even just have your staff go to the sprints on Friday They can go as sprint mentors and they could just go as contributors many of them I'm sure are contributing and of course make sure they're wearing your t-shirt so that you know When they're at the table and people are looking at them that they see your brand So these are just a couple different ways that you can highlight your community and thought leadership If that is one of your your goals there and so I you know, it's a simple presentation I just kind of go through some of the real Probably obvious things, but you know, it's always good to refresh How to get the most out of your Drupal con? To really be prepared and know in advance what you want to get out of it and break it down into some Tactics that are measurable and so that's what I did around those three main areas around the lead generation talent recruitment and Thought leadership So I'll just leave you with this one slide. I just kind of summarizes it for networking 101 Because I don't know maybe you are a little introverted I know I can get a little shy and I have to really force myself to get out there sometimes Even though that might be shocking to some of you who know who know me But networking is one of the biggest things you can do at Drupal con with all those people so Networking 101 bring plenty of business cards. Make sure you have an elevator pitch So when you talk to people, you know exactly what you want to say Try not to make it sound too salesy, but you know, have your have your pitch ready And Drupal con can be a bit of a family reunion So try to grab try to avoid gravitating to people, you know and start looking around for new people And of course sometimes that can be a little awkward And so there's different openers you can use and I'm just really blunt and I just say hi. I haven't met you yet Just Say it how it is. I haven't met you yet. I want you my name is Megan and I would strike up conversations with people and You know also If you see people that are just standing by themselves, I just encourage you to talk to them We find that that lone person in the corner. Just go say hi I say that for two reasons one. It could be your next customer and two It's really intimidating to go to a Drupal con by yourself So when you walk into there and it feels like this family reunion and you've been invited But you don't know anyone it's hard to break in so, you know It's just also being a nice ambassador of our community And so again when you're talking with people try not to sell anything people don't love like the hard sale but they they do Value relationships, so you know when you're talking to them find out more about them Tell them a bit about yourself and your company and ask them what they're looking for What why they came to Drupal kind and they might give you some good hooks Where you can kind of position yourself as you get to know them a little bit more And another nice trick is everyone's handing out business cards. So what what's going to make someone hold on to yours? I usually write something on the business card and hand it to them it's a little bit more personal and they tend to hold on to it and of course hold on to all of theirs because They within 48 hours up to the event you can get all their names into a spreadsheet and send that email out and and Hopefully you'll start building a pipeline with all those contacts So just a recap to get the most out of your sponsorship be proactive define your goal and your message Get your whole team that's going to push that out They are one of your channels use social media use blogs use your newsletter do an email campaign to your existing database Uh and make sure whatever you're doing it's you have defined metrics So that way you really know what success looks like to you and you can decide afterwards if you achieve those goals So those are the uh, that's pretty much the presentation And if you have any questions go ahead and post them now And in the meantime, I'm just going to hand this back over to tim And he can close us out So tim you want to take it over? Yes, I do. Thank you Megan. I don't know about you guys, but I personally found that very helpful This will be my first con and that was loads of information that I hope you guys Are going to absorb so a few things I want to touch on that are more on the fulfillment and coordination side So Megan mentioned the VIP sponsorship happy hour Everyone that was a sponsor is invited. I just need to know who's going to attend so we can get them on the list per se So if you just want to send me over The name and an email address or whoever is going to be going to that sponsorship VIP Appreciation happy hour. Please just go ahead and do that and uh She also mentioned the Drupal job codes. Uh, it's basically 30 days prior to the con so april 11th I'm going to be sending you all a coupon code similar to the code I sent you for the Drupal con ticket itself If you post a job the job will be available for 30 days, but you can post a job All the way up to The con itself and even to the last day of the con. So the job will be live Extending past that 30 day period One last thing I would like to Kind of make note out there is a lot of you guys are sponsoring modules You know a little bit more complicated Sponsorships or some of you just need some more information regarding logistics boost setup A lot of sponsors are found this helpful and so have I if you want to I'm Totally open and flexible to setting up personal one-on-one meetings to go over really anything You know a phone call or skype call google hangout Can save us loads of time rather than doing emails back and forth where You know it could take multiple days to get a question answer, especially if we're working on different time zones I'm pretty flexible. You know I can stay late wake up early and get it going out there But um I know a lot of sponsors have found it helpful and I like I said so have I so don't hesitate to reach out to me directly Phone call email skype google hangout. They all work for me and you all have my contact information So I just want to make that put that out there And again, you know, we're so appreciative of you guys's support. We're excited. We're hope you're excited and Basically that's going to conclude this webinar again. This is going to be posted on the event kit So if you want to recap it if you want to share it with someone or you just liked it so much And you loved what Megan had to hear. You just want to keep listening to it over and over again So thank you all for attending. Um, I I'm assuming I'll be in contact with a lot of you and I look forward to actually meeting a lot of you So thank you very much and uh, we'll see you at your pecan la Great. Thanks tim. All right. I'm going to close this out and then we can get the recording out to everybody All right. Thanks everyone for joining


Oh, by the way, there's a couple of things here, if anyone wants to. Good afternoon, everybody. First of all, I would like to ask the organizers for giving me this presentation or study here to you today, which focuses on the application of free-modeling as a national analysis in the interpretation of wild plant processes, in particular concerning ground stone tools. The methodology I'm going to introduce has been developed as part of the larger framework of the year-sea-funded Heaton Foods project. The Heaton Foods project focuses on the role of plant foods in the diet and political miscellaneous foragers of societies of the Southeast Europe and tackled through different strands of evidence. For example, we are using human remains in order to assess the health status of the past communities. We are using botanical remains to describe the kinds of plants pieces that were exploited. And then we are analyzing material culture through experimental archaeology, user analysis, and research analysis in order to study the functions of these tools that are found in the context which are the subject of this project, in particular, as I said, ground stone tools. Why do we focus on ground stone tools? We focus on ground stone tools because a really, really large amount of these tools is usually found in the domestic context of the sites within the domestic cultures, which represents the main study area of the project. We study these tools, combining both the data coming from our experimental, our dedicated experimental frameworks, and of course what we observe on the archaeological artifacts. So as you all know, ground stone tools are really complex tools with usually long life cycles. And in the case, as I said before, of the tools coming from the dam gorges, we have thousands of them which have been stored for more than 50 years in dusty museum deposits. So this brings up the first problem that we need to tackle in our study, which is being able to avoid environmental contamination. So it is actually the risk to have to mistake some actual residues, modern residues, or residues coming from the depositional context of the tools we actually use related residues. Then another thing, another problem that we have is that we can't move the tools from the museums to our laboratory in Italy. So we need to find a way to study the tools far from our dam. To do this, we developed actually this methodology of framework which comprises both quantitative and qualitative analysis. In particular, we found some free techniques which is the use of GIS software and 3D models to quantify surface changes due to use, and also to analyze the special distribution of both user and residues. Then we analyzed the surface of the tools, both our collage experimental, for user analysis at low and high magnifications. And of course, we also resubstantialized them to characterize and define the residues that we might find in trap-deep crevices of the tools' surface. So our experimental framework comprises the collection of raw materials which resemble the ones we have in our collage assemblages, along with the kinds of plants that we found in the neighboring areas of the study area. Most of the times, the plants are readily available there, so we go there and collect them, but in some cases for specific species, like for example for the edge of species, we use experimentally grown crops which allow us to have a good amount of material that we can process through different activities during our experiments, in which we test different gestures, different state of working material in order to have a complete and as detailed as possible use for and reference collection on which we can rely on when we have to interpret the data coming from the analysis of the archeological artifacts. Residue sampling, after being used, the experimental samples are sampled for residues, using the normal standards for residue sampling, the residues are then observed under a cross-polarized microscope in just a bit of light, and all the characteristics are recorded, like measurements, morphology, etc., and stored in a dedicated database. User analysis is performed both applying low and high power approaches, so observing the surfaces after the tools are washed of course. We record what we see on the surface as like macrowares, so for example the modification in gram morphology, macrophages and macrostoyations could affect the certain species that are due to use, and at higher magnifications we look at macropolishes, macrophages, abrasions, and macrostoyations which are related to each of the activity and the materials that we process. So, coming to the main topic of the talk, so before and after each experiment, so when the unused and used tools are scanned and the detailed 3D models are made for the application of close-range photogrammetry, we are actually using close-range photogrammetry over the laser scanning, because it's a very flexible way to create 3D models, and also it's easy to bring all the equipment to the field, so it's easier for us to have the second set of everywhere models. With the hiding of 3D models are then treated in order to carry on the analysis of the surface, which is preformed processing the 3D scans through GIS, the Geographic Information System. Actually, we export each of the surface of the groundstone as a digital invention model, a DEM, and we treat it actually as a normal map. In particular, we focus on the analysis of slope and surface roughness, which are actually really good indices, as we call them, in order to monitor and observe modification caused by use happening on the surface of the groundstone. For example, Slope gives us the idea of changes as depressions, peaks, or leveled areas, which are caused by use, while the surface roughness allows us to see if there are changes in the level of the virginity of the surface caused by use. Here are some examples of the application of these analyses. This is a tool that we use for processing Rubik's Christmas seeds and roots. We use this surface here on the left to grind seeds, while the surface on the right was used to pound roots of Rubik's Christmas. You can see on the top the surfaces before being used and after being used. So you can see, for example, in this natural to perfect future here, how it changes after the use. So it changes its overall outline, and also we can see a leveling of its surface with the disappearance of some of the small, natural depressions that were present. On the other hand, we have the upper part here of the tool, which, at its natural state, didn't have a lot of natural depressions, more or less flat. And after this area of the surface was used to pound roots, you can see the development of these depressions, which are after use. This is another example of our result analysis, actually applied to the tool that was used to process acorns. We used three different areas of the tool. We expanded on the upper right corner of this natural depression to pound the nuts to open them. And you can see how after the pounding, we have the development of these really small depressions inside at the bottom of this natural depression. The central part of the surface was used to grind the nuts once opened. And you can see how that is pretty high in depression, which resulted in more flat after the use. And again, we have also the appearance of these depressions on the central left after the use of this portion of the surface for grinding and pounding. Moving to surface roughness, we can see how the changes happen to the use and how they happen differently. So we can see these aren't the same tools, of course. And you can see how after the grinding of the seeds, this part, which was the one used, appeared really much more homogeneous than before on the upper part. And just a reminder, the blue color indicates really homogeneous, the lower value of homogeneity. So it's really homogeneous surface, while to the red is the higher value of roughness value. And you can see also here, in the natural depression, you will see before how it's making it more flat on the homogeneous after use. And on the other side, we see the area used for pounding, how it was more or less homogeneous at its natural state, and it became high in its level of roughness increased after it was used upon numerous Christmas roads. The same happened on the tool used for the proscenity of a occurrence. Here you can see in the natural pit on the upper left, how we have this increase of roughness at the bottom of the natural pit. And you can see also how it had a little decrease of roughness in the central part of which was used for grinding. And then again, an increase of the roughness values in the area that was used to pound and grind the grinding and pounding activities. So what we did, it was also try to test if actually this low roughness areas in the tools correspond to areas where actual use were developed over the surface. So we isolated the areas with the lowest value of roughness and we checked, we did a blue blind test and we checked with our user analyst if these areas actually correspond to the areas where we can see use were. And in all of the cases, we have really were in accordance. So you can see how they are different, how they are displaced across the surface. Also they correspond to polish areas on the surface. These are other examples that we used for this processing. This analysis of the surface modifications through JS allow us to actually quantify some really important aspects to determine the use of tools, which is the dimensions of the polish areas, their density and the presence of utilized surface of a given tool and also the variation of slope demanding of the activity performed and on the working material and on its status. Another part of our methodology involves the special analysis of residues. To do this, we actually divided the surface of the ground stone into six transects. We sample each transects and one and each single glass slider is mounted for each transects. And then we come to the indexed starches found in each slide, so corresponding to each transect. We focus on the indexed starches because these are the ones which give us more information regarding the species of plant that we are looking at. So for now we focus on these ones. You can see how we have differences in the displacement of residues given by the activity performed. So you can see the tools where grinding was performed. You have most of the indexed starches localized at the periphery of the surface. While, for example, where pounding was performed, a lot of indexed starches were running in the utilized area. Here we have got a little bit of grinding. You can see most of the starches are displaced on the outer parts. Again, this is the most similar pattern. Grinding was performed as well. You can see how most of the indexed specimens were outside the utilized areas. And in our tool that was used for the processing of acorns, you can see in the areas where pounding was performative on most of the indexed specimens. On the area used for grinding, most of the starches were localized outside. So in this way we managed to observe patterns related to the spatial distribution of residues across the surface of our tools. We analyzed how the different nature like seeds, roots, etc. actually affected the distribution of residues on the surface and how the activities performed as well relates to the spatial distribution of the residues. This provides us new means for residue sampling so we know maybe better where to sample where we're going to look at our archaeological collections. In this way we provide a combined approach including, as I said, both qualitative and quantitative analysis in the study of market tools specifically. We tried to test these groundbreaking techniques in recording archaeological samples for the scanning and providing new means to enhance the strategies of residue sampling. And finally we tried to limit and monitor the environment of contamination due to storage and post-expandation conditions. Of course this is an ongoing methodology. We are now focusing on also the active tools involved in our experiments. So we are working with new materials, new raw materials, different kinds of residues so we are continuing to work. Thank you very much.


Circuits that contain resistors, capacitors, and inductors, either in series or parallel, are known simply as RCL circuits. Specific equations can be used to determine the values of resistance, impedance, current, and voltage in RCL circuits. In this circuit there is an 820 ohm resistor, a capacitor of .0022 microfarads, and a conductor of 5 millihenries. The voltage source is 20 volts operating at a frequency of 40 kHz. To calculate the capacitive resistance in this series circuit, divide one by the product of 2 pi, the frequency, and the capacitance. So substituting in the numbers, we have 1 divided by 6.28 times 40 kHz times .0022 microfarads, which equals 1,809 ohms. To calculate the inductive reactance, multiply 6.28 by the frequency by the impedance of the inductor. Thus 6.28 times 40 kHz times 5 millihenries equals 1,257 ohms. To calculate the total impedance of the circuit, take the square root of the capacitive resistance minus the inductive resistance squared. Add to this the resistance of the resistor squared. Thus taking the square root of 1,809 ohms minus 1,257 ohms squared plus 820 ohms squared gives you 988 ohms. To derive the total current of the circuit, divide the source voltage by impedance. Thus 20 volts divided by 988 ohms equals .0202 amps or 20.2 milliamps. To determine the voltage across each component, multiply the total current of 20.2 milliamps by the resistance at each component. For the resistor it would be 20.2 milliamps times 820 ohms or 16.6 volts. For the capacitor it would be 20.2 milliamps times 1,809 ohms or 36.6 volts. And the inductor voltage would be 20.2 milliamps times 1,257 ohms or 25.4 volts. Using similar equations you can also solve for the various current values in a parallel circuit. In this case we'll use the same resistance values obtained previously for the series circuit. To calculate the current through the resistor, divide the source voltage by the resistance at the resistor, which is 20 volts divided by 820 ohms, which equals 24.4 milliamps. To calculate the current through the capacitor, divide the source voltage by the capacitive resistance or 20 volts divided by 1,809 ohms, which equals 11.1 milliamps. To calculate the current through the inductor, divide the source voltage by the inductive resistance, or 20 volts divided by 1,257 ohms, which equals 15.9 milliamps. To calculate the total current through a parallel circuit, take the square root of the current through the inductor minus the current through the capacitor squared plus the current through the resistor squared. Thus taking the square root of 15.9 milliamps minus 11.1 milliamps squared plus 24.4 milliamps squared gives a total current of 24.9 milliamps. Finally, we can calculate the total impedance by dividing the source voltage by the total current, which is 20 volts divided by 24.9 milliamps, or 803 ohms.


Hello and welcome everyone and very good morning to you. Let me bring in our panelists first and introduce them starting with Greta Feremo, the United Nations Under Secretary General for the United Nations Office for Project Services. Jamal Udeen y Ibrahim, ymddiadau y Prifeddant a'r CEO yma, ymlaesias acciata grwp John Rice, ymddiadau ymddiadau, a G.E. i'r George Yeo, ymddiadau syngorfer, ymddiadau ymddiadau ymddiadau, ac ymddiadau ymddiadau cyllidol, ymddiadau honno. Yn ymddiadau, yn yr hyn yn ei bod yn ymddiadau, ymddiadau ymddiadau ymddiadau, ymddiadau ymddiadau, ymwynt y rhaid o y täbl. Here in Asiol, how optimistic are you about the future? ymddiadau ymwynt yw'n risg for growth and the outlook? Yn ymweld, we'n ben SDF. We've been in the region for almost 100 years. We've seen asiol develop in the last 50. We see an important trading bloc. These economies have grown on average about 5% over the last 15 years, a that's through the global financial crisis. Our business here has grown in some years at double digit rates, it's one of our largest regions, and there are important interdependencies. We've got 9,000 employees, we have activities in every country and a lot of what we do in those countries gets exported to other countries. So this idea of a trading block, we think, is very important. …olod o'r reilio a i teimlo i'r cyfnod i'r eu cyfnod.  Eich gweithio yn y cwliffr, i ddim yn ei dynnu. It's pretty obvious in general, and all of you know the lot of intra-Asian dependencies and economic activities. Maybe I can stress a bit more on the ICT area. That has been an area that has been growing for sure by every country You can see that there are different kinds of trends going on here. The ... of course, NCT industry itself is kind of ... there are many components. But let me focus on the three components. The ... If you look at mobile industry where I am in itself that has been growing very fast, but is plateauing and in fact some countries are negative for flat growth, whereas broadband growth has been growing double digit a rydyn ni oedd y brofyn digido economiad yn ei ddweud yn ffymau yn y trofnog. Yn y ddweud y intro, Acian yw y cyfwyr ymlaen. Ac yn rhaid i'r ffrindiau, ac yn y ffordd, mae oedd y ddweud ymlaen i'r ffymu'r mhwng, oherwydd i'n ddweud ddweud ymlaen ar y ffordd, gan gweithio ar y cyfwyr Acian yn ddweud ymlaen i'r ffymu digital. If I can bring you in, George, and talk about economic integration and where we are in the process. One of the challenges of closer harmonization and integration is that ASEAN is a very diverse family, isn't it? You have countries like Singapore and one end of the spectrum, you have Philippines and Indonesia somewhat in the middle and then you have the rising new Asian Tigers like Cambodia, Byddai'n g holding yr un morhaidach sy'n bywyd? Yn gwaith yma, fe'w cymrydio'r cymrydiau rwyf yn safbodaethu gyrdd a ffwrdd oieil. Rydw i'n meddwl traditionalau byddai cymrydiau. Cymrydiau i Adreced e'w Azerbaijan gweithio. Gweithio'r cyfeirio yn anodol ar gweithio. Mae yw'r sydd mewn gweithio'r cyfan, ac mae'n ymweld ychydig. Felly mae erbyn bod ymddynt. mae ichi Gwyrdd Gondol, rydw i ni'n gwyllgor'y ba wedi dyfodol gwyn rydyn ni wedi dwyboi, mae ichi gwyllgor'y ba wedi dwi'n gwyllgor'u gwyllgor'u gwyllgor'u gwyrdd gwasanaeth. Rydyn ni'n gyfeilio arall y Chino ar gynso, i gyhoeddwyr, darpar o gywchol, ac i gyfu ar gen i'r gymrydd, er mwnginol ar gyfer yn gyfacol. I'n dweud y cy classmates ar Ciner, ar gyfacol a dyfodol, yn hayfru i gyrdwyr. Mae'r cael ei ddweud o ddwyf yn cyfan. Felly, gallais i yw Gretaig iawn, gyda'n defnyddio sydd gennych y Unedol, byddai mor ddechrau yn dyn nhw. Felly mae'n iawn i yw'r rhan a'r rhan i eu bod pan i llwyddiadau erbyn yn ei畫 Beautiful platform Fel bod y maen nhw, mae'n rhan o'r economau yw'r holl arbyn, rydw i Panodfa yn y gwasanaeth. Rydw i ddim yn y gallwch chi oedau.  Roedd yma'r llwyffydd ar y dda sy'n gydag i'r cyfrifrwyr i'r cyfrifrwyr fydd yn ymddangosol i'r cyfrifrwyr? Rwy'n mynd i'r ffrwyr i'r panellydd o'r cyfrifrwyr.  Felly mae'n gweld yn ddweud y ddweud dryddiant yn ddiolch i fynd arfer. Rydym ni'n go ffaraiff yn y cyd-rhyw uchydig? Ardyn ni'n go so os ffaen, rydym ni'n gwanch y unio yng Nghyrgrifennu? Rydym ni'n go i'r unio yng Nghyrgrifennu? y cyfnod sy'n gweithio ar y cyfnod o'r hyfforddiad. John, can I bring you in? Sure. Look, I want to pick up on both the point George made and Greta. I think this notion of having borders become points of connection instead of barriers is really important because if you think about sustainable economic growth and to Greta's point, having everybody's boat lifted with the rising tide, you've got to make these points of connection. Whether you have to go all the way to a European Union in a common currency, I don't know. I don't really think so, but I think that's to be determined. If you can make these borders become points of connection and do it in a way that lets everybody benefit, it's a lot easier to say than it is to do, then I think you can exist with a trading block and not necessarily the European Union model. Can I ask you to follow up on that? From a harmonisation point of view, from a businessman's perspective, what do you want to see being achieved? What do you want to see in real terms, in material terms being done, to increase the ease of business and to potentially at some point down the line improve inclusivity? I'd say two things, a level playing field in terms of free flow of capital and goods and capital means human capital in addition to financial capital and then I think countries have to concentrate on the frictional points. The things that are kind of under the surface in terms of getting permits and approvals and moving, as George would know from Kerry Logistics, moving goods from one place to a next and making that as easy as possible because those frictional costs are really insidious when it comes to the cost of trade. Would you agree with that, George? Do the supply chains well-established here but they need to be smoother, yes? And the infrastructure deficit and the infrastructure gap in this part of the world is something of a stumbling block? Well, there are problems everywhere and we face problems every day but day by day, month by month, there are improvements and China's one belt, one road is an enormous opportunity for all of civilization. There's a chance now that in the next 10, 20 years the infrastructural base of ASEAN will improve beyond recognition both within ASEAN and between ASEAN and its neighbours. There is a chance now as the blood vessels grow, as the blood flows that many countries in civilization in one generation can make it to near first world status. This is a historic opportunity and because China is here in a big way so the Japanese feel a sense of friendly rivalry the Indians too and others are competing to help us and if we are skillful enough to maintain this foreign policy then everyone will want to be our friend everyone will have a vested interest in seeing us do well internally we must make sure that we solve problems day by day they cannot be solved overnight, that we help each other the natural tensions between neighbours to get out of hand ASEAN is soft, we don't take decisions by voting if you have to vote, there's already a rupture so there's a sense that well if you cannot solve the problem today just hold back, if you can't join in now exclude yourself but come in when you're ready and without ASEAN, Myanmar could not have achieved this peaceful transition and it's an enormous achievement because even five years ago no one could have envisaged that this peaceful transition could have taken place Greta, if I can give you the final word before we move on to our next theme which will be trade and opening up market access etc inclusive growth, we hear this time and time again it's become something off a buzzword how do we get beyond the sound bite how do we make it a material I can only mention that we in Unobs has taken the initiative to working more with a private sector and making sure that we also leverage our cooperation with governments when we talk about social housing for instance green energy, there may be projects that are not as bankable as they should be so investors say no perhaps we can bring that soft component to the table have governments take a first loss risk or actually bringing more investors together and turn the no to a yes and people in fragile situations may benefit from solutions where they access green energy, where they access social housing so actually finding new ways of working together with a private sector I think is really important to achieve the agenda 2030 or 2025 as the ASEAN countries have established so it's really about redefining and refining the private public partnership can you give us a sense of where it is working is there a model where it's working in this region that can be applied or scaled up elsewhere it would not be for me to say what works and not work but I think what is really important is to develop these new tools where the investors whether they are private or public put their money together and make them work at a larger scale compared to what is done today George, let me get back to you ASEAN is where the growth is that much is sure but short to medium term how concerned are you about the rising tide of protectionism not within ASEAN itself because we are a collection of kingdoms and principalities it's never been one empire historically the Malays have a beautiful term for this in Bahasa we are the lands below the winds half the year the winds blow one way, half the year the other way and it brings in influences from China, from India and the result is very mixed cultures throughout civilization and we are connected by the waterways which was the original internet so there's no way in the world that we can be seriously protectionistic we cannot survive by being protectionistic it's not in our blood Jamal, would you agree with that and are we fairly well insulated in this region since a fair few of our economies are not cyclically open they have very strong demand drivers internally for us we would be very concerned if there's a lot more protectionism or nationalism in our industry it's a highly regulated industry in every country of their own rules and so on we cannot do as a foreign company of course we are a Malaysian-based company we operate in ten countries and five of the ASEAN countries we are operating in so it is a concern for example in some countries in one or two countries we can't even operate our tower business for example to build infrastructure we are now allowed to unless we activate some exceptions we can't basically and in terms of being able in some of the countries we operate in I won't mention one or the other there's a huge biasness of nationalistic support for the local company to the detriment of us as a foreign-based company in some of the countries we operate in and obviously it's something that we have where would you say that is most acute or most pronounced where is the biggest problem I can mention some countries like Indonesia and so on it makes it difficult for us to operate if there's a huge biasness for their own national company because we although we are a foreign-based company we contribute significantly to the economy directly and indirectly and we are advocating the concept of the digital revolution that can tremendously affect the whole ASEAN to the tune of about incremental of one trillion GDP increment by 2026 and to do that the protectionism has to be we have to be on a level playing field as John mentioned from one company to another from one country to another so that is to us one of the potentially biggest a big problem to achieve that so the country to country barriers need to come down the playing field needs to be levels to borrow John's expression do you think that you are winning that debate at this juncture in some countries yes in some countries not quite it's a long way to go but there's scope for compromise there's scope for compromise we were talking about the pivot to China earlier and John you and I were talking about this earlier as well the US seems to be disengaging from this region it's walked away from TPP and nature of halls of acum does China fill the void and is the pivot towards China something that we can work with or do we need a more diversified approach to trade look I think China has a long term strategy which demonstrates that it wants to take advantage of successful economic growth in this region and beyond and the one belt one road strategy is a perfect example of that we don't see it as a threat we see it as an opportunity we do a lot in China and we can work with our Chinese partners in just about every country along the Belt and Road so we have to adjust we have to pivot in the beginning if you go back 30 years we were in China to buy things to export and to sell into that market for domestic consumption or domestic use in today's world you do everything you're in China for China you're in China for the rest of the world you're participating with Chinese partners along the Belt and Road and it's the way it will work in the 21st century so we have to be bilateral almost everywhere we're in 180 countries we like to take advantage and participate in multilateral trade agreements because we think the level playing field works for everybody but if that's not going to be the case then we go door to door and we figure it out because that's the world we live in it may not be our choice but it's our reality if we do see increasing government to government deals then isn't that necessarily crowding up the private sector is that something that you're concerned about I'm sorry though if we do see more government to government deals being done isn't that necessarily crowding out the private sector and you guys I don't think so I mean that's one of the reasons we've built a footprint in 180 countries so that we can adjust we don't like to see tariffs and trade barriers because we think it constipates the system but if it's required for us I mean when we're in Indonesia Indonesia wants us to be a US company a global company and a local company at the same time and we're equipped to do that and we've been building that footprint for decades and so we hope to be agile enough to adjust because at the end of the day the world needs a lecture I've got back to my point before right you can't have sustainable inclusive growth if you don't have electricity right it's all bets are off so you've got to if you're working on that stuff you're going to be welcome everywhere George your thoughts and let me press you specifically on one belt, one road from your perspective what do you think it means for longer term market access and from a terms of trade and a trade flows point of view should we be welcoming this? No every country in Southeast Asia welcomes Chinese investment wants to be part of one belt, one road because it's a good an opportunity to become more connected both domestically within the region and beyond the region but China is big and China is long in historical memory of countries in ASEAN so there's a certain fear that they may become overly dependent on China that because of these links China will control you and manipulate you because of this the instincts of Southeast Asian countries is to be promiscuous yes be close to China but never be exclusively with China because of this the Americans, the Japanese, the Europeans will always be welcome if you ask Southeast Asian countries to choose between A or B find it intolerable they will want to be close to China and they cannot afford to have China as an enemy but they do not want China to be the exclusive partner and because of this I will say in many respects the Americans, the Japanese, the Europeans are free riders in Southeast Asia and this region will always remain open to them and they should avoid putting pressure on Southeast Asian countries to choose they don't like that and China too must understand this which I think it does and let me bring in Greta some have even gone as far to say that there is a great game there is a new great game going on in Asia with China and these other powerhouses vying for influence in this region be it politically, strategically or economically similarly in Africa as well and the developing world more broadly and the least developed countries are stuck in the middle is that a fair assessment? I hear the discussion about the role of multilateralism it has been a discussion for decades what will small countries benefit from what will weaker groups benefit from to me it comes back again to inclusion what rules of engagement do we have to secure equal opportunities for all I'm a Norwegian, I come from a small country we always benefited from open trade and also were very vocal on the need for a fair framework of engagement so for us again in the UN it is about how to secure also inclusion for those fragile and poor countries who would not immediately benefit from the opportunities we speak about here Let me just follow up on that because I find Norway fascinating because you have access you're blessed with oil and you've been very prudent you've developed a sovereign wealth fund that has spread the wealth and to invest in the long term a lot of these developing countries within ASEAN and Asia for that matter the broader region are blessed with resources take Myanmar for example, oil and gas, gemstones how can countries like Myanmar that are blessed with natural resources avoid the resources curse and ensure that the resources wealth so I can only refer to my Norwegian experience and if you go back you have to go back more than 100 years what institutions were needed what investments were needed what legislation was needed and how to prioritize so we were already managing water back more than 100 years ago and the way we did that making sure that the national resources remained on national hands but well developed and how we invested in education and over decades actually built strong institutions that we were able to govern ourselves I think were very important to our management of oil and gas but as some have said the oil and gas was found in Norway in a decade that actually made it possible for Norway to make its choices they are maybe not available this decade so I would be very careful in advising other nations how they should go about it but strong institutions strong investments in education making sure it was equally distributed was very solid parts of our solutions Shri, I think that's the point I mean natural resources become a curse when you don't take advantage of the blessing to diversify your economy and I think the countries that have done that are trying to do that Norway has done it and banked a lot of the benefits from natural resources to invest for future generations human capital has always been a focus in the country have been able to avoid the curse other countries have exploited the wealth for immediate use and corruption and not taken advantage of the opportunity to diversify look at what's going on in Saudi Arabia now with vision 2030 that's all about economic diversification and moving away from the basic energy industries and it's such an important strategy to the success of that kingdom it could be done in any country including Myanmar that has the advantage of some natural resources John, thank you for that and let's move on to the issue of new technology and I wanted to bring in big data which has been described as the new oil and how can businesses, policy makers and civil society for that matter harness what is increasingly being seen as a 21st century resource and what does it mean for ASEAN let's bring in our resident tech expert first Jamal, your thoughts I wouldn't say I'm a tech expert for sure big data, I guess we are using that word quite generically quite in the broad sense of the word on digital analytics and information definitely it's an area that all governments must not take a passive view on how to accelerate the growth and the development of big data there are two sides of the coin here one is to accelerate that the industry or sub-industries that promote data like telecommunications companies even finance, banking and so on and also the skills required I do not think that ASEAN is a region we have enough skills for that matter many countries in the world to have enough skills to harness the development of big data analytics many of the companies themselves we are losing dozens and dozens we brought in people, we brought in people this is a serious issue then there are other policy issues with regard to cyber security policy issues with regard to data privacy that has to be all in harmonized together with the positive development of big data Can I just ask you the regulatory framework simply is not keeping up and you can say this you can apply it to a global context it's simply not keeping up but the exponential advances that this technology is making at an astounding rate for sure, it's not keeping up with it in fact some require less regulation in areas like financial FinTech area should be less regulation be able to harness the benefits of data across the region there should be less regulation but regulation with regards to data privacy I think it's something that's important regulation with regards to cyber security it's coming really acute that has to be stepped up Okay, the role of technology is to enable a George you were talking about this earlier and I think other members of the panel were talk to me about how it works in terms of least developed countries for example like Myanmar and Cambodia using technology to leapfrog their economy into the next phase are we necessarily talking about completely bypassing the manufacturing stage of this transition or is that the necessary stage is remarkably well-developed in service Asia partly because of a young population and growing rapidly Governments which make use of the social media to improve governance will be able to maintain sustainable growth because then you are forced to respond to problems you take say Prime Minister Hun Sen he has an enormous following among young people in Cambodia in fact some say that he is governing through Facebook I checked yesterday he had slightly fewer than 7.7 billion followers when I checked this morning it's crossed 7.7 billion followers and it is required every minister in Cambodia to monitor comments on Facebook and to respond to them now to me this is quite astonishing because I'm governing by Facebook but why not it allows you to penetrate through layers of bureaucracy and problems which faster on the ground faster too long because they get surface directly to him and the ministers do not want the Prime Minister saying look have you read these comments the key is how do you use this for better governance and how do you make mobile data cheaper and cheaper in service Asia I dream of the day when roaming charges are removed in Asia in Europe in China they are removing roaming charges and it can be done but it requires a certain political will and this is one area where I hope Jamal you can persuade your friends in government to give me a big push and I think you will make a big difference to us if I may comment on that I will talk about roaming then I will talk about broadband which is something I am passionate about I agree with you eventually this roaming is artificial it is very artificial where one country to another after connectivity in the air it belongs to which country the problem perhaps is that there is a huge beneficiary and also losers in this game so we got to find a mechanism to equate that so if you are a country like Malaysia and Singapore you are the beneficiary of roaming because you know the people coming in the inbound roaming huge charges you make a lot of money out of that some countries like Cambodia is the other side of the coin there is a mechanism even within our group we are trying to find a formula and it has been extremely difficult within all the companies that we have so we are working towards that actually so your point is it is coming and it is inevitable but there must be some one of the we could be one of the architects to make this happen we are going to a catalyst to make this happen but we need an internal to subsidise it in country versus other countries that we operate in to make it such that everybody gain rather than there is losers and winners Greta Actually new technology can help us connect people in such a big and different way Unops has the experience to connect mainstream technology with for instance entrepreneurs who would develop jobs in their local environment so think of health you can develop apps that can monitor for instance certain diseases and you can also if needed use drone technology to bring medicine to people who have chronic diseases a lot of opportunities for education as well we connect Harvard University and MIT to those innovation hubs that can be placed all over the world so people have access to education that would be of course far too expensive to achieve if they had to go to those universities but now can benefit from the virtual opportunity to access education so those opportunities from technology is really important and we spoke about China we also are engaged in Unops and projects in the agricultural sector actually allowing farmers to market their goods using new technology so they have shorter access to markets compared to what they had earlier and the cost curve the beautiful thing about all this is that the cost curve is coming down exactly the costs to begin with of sensor technology and drone technology for example are minimum I would imagine so there's no shortage of public private partnerships who would want to fund this exactly that's also interesting to see because it offers opportunities not only to build jobs and growth but also to get the return from investments of course that is needed to make this sustainable we've heard a lot about the fourth industrial revolution here at ASEAN the World Economic Forum I just want to go around the panel and just ask each of you what it means for you and where we are on that road and let's start with George please we have the advantage in ASEAN of a young population once they're educated they'll take to the new technology like fish to water and we mustn't miss this opportunity we mustn't wait for them to accumulate years there's no time to lose and this must be an area of the highest priority I would not worry too much about the very high tech staff big data analysis in those areas we must expect uneven development and the big players may well be outside the region but governments should make use of the technology to help govern better and people should use the technology to help them to disintermediate rapacious middlemen in the system in this way farmers, small traders can get better access to markets can buy cheaper and sell the area John I'll take a human capital angle I started with GE in 1978 and people actually thought in the 70s and 80s that you could get a job do it for a long time plan to retire from the company that you started with and live happily ever after and not much would change and if you look at the 21st century in the fourth industrial revolution to me it says that every job is going to change what George just described will change hundreds of thousands of jobs if it really happens and it likely will everybody has to prepare for the 21st century knowing that what they do today to be successful is not necessarily what they're going to do tomorrow to be successful so how do we teach people to and train them to be adaptable and flexible whether you're an accounts payable a distributor, a doctor and it doesn't matter what you do or who you do it for your job is going to change and so for me success in the context of the fourth industrial revolution is that you have to have a workforce, people, human capital that is adaptable and flexible lifelong learning and ready to change as the nature of work and jobs change let's start with the go back to the third revolution which is the IT revolution and the fourth revolution is to go beyond digital revolution to artificial intelligence and robotics into virtual reality augmented reality and so on so forth the way we are right now we're still struggling in the third revolution to be very candid about it we're not quite there beyond the digital revolution we're still in the building infrastructure we're still in the basics of a couple of internet businesses of ideas so we are not quite there yet to be frank if I can be candid about it that's why again coming back to why I'm here and we are a big advocacy of broadband being a national agenda not a telecom agenda not this little industry called IT but the whole national agenda because it touches every human being is the basis of which fourth revolution can ever succeed we need that baseline upon which new economics new digital economics and therefore beyond digital revolution can happen so we are not quite there yet so I hope we have 700 business leaders here opinion leaders political leaders here to put that in national agenda where it requires rethinking about regulatory rethinking about things like spectrum industry structure incentive funding human capital there's a lot of things needs to be done we are still there however as mentioned by George we are in a sweet spot here we have a young population 40% millenials we have 630 million population we have in a way the demographic behaviour of the people in Asia is actually more adaptable to new technology so we have a sweet spot here now we have a sweet spot here we have great opportunity in the future but we are still in the I shall say in the third revolution and we can't leave frog I think that's the point we can't leave frog if we get this national agenda or broadband get it corrected and accelerate we need to accelerate that's why it cannot be just as important as any economy activities is the basis of the future to look at it and I'm very passionate about it Gretta if I could just frame the question in a different way and I do want to ask you about what the fourth industrial revolution means to you but there's been quite a lot of talk here about the skill shortage amongst young people and whether human capital is leaving or staying what can we do from the policy makers perspective from the business perspective to help ensure the best and the brightest minds stay where they are I think again coming back to investment in the human capital and social inclusion where is it attractive for young people bright people to stay it is where it is safe to stay where it is viewed as a good place to live so if you look at how technology has developed you find in areas where both taxes are high and where the costs may be high still a lot of growth and development and why I think that question is really important to ask why has some of the biggest tech companies invested in the part of the world where I come from northern Europe maybe it is because highly educated people built families and jobs and opportunities that actually also benefit investors long term but I would like to also bring another dimension into your question because technology allow us to build more resilient societies more resilient infrastructure in this part of the world we have floods, earthquake and other disasters and access to information allow us to actually design smarter cities allow us to build more resilient buildings allow us to build more resilient agriculture all these things that matters to people why invest in something that will actually sort of flow away with the next flood go away with the next earthquake are we ready to invest more up front I think technology introduces a completely different discussion about how we do these things right in the first place we've reached the end of our panel and if I can just ask each panelist just to give us some final words of wisdom and a summation just to bookend our discussion I think that that will be very valuable and let's start right at the end with George first of all we have a great advantage in ASEAN in our outward orientation you take this meeting here in Nampen everyone feels comfortable here you can be from Japan, China you can be from Europe from America, from India it's an open platform you will not feel this way in Beijing or in Delhi or in Tokyo or in New York but you feel it here and not just in Cambodia but throughout South Asia so it's in the South, it's in the culture and as Asia develops this will become the Caribbean for all of Eurasia because long coastlines beautiful beaches salubrious weather good food service orientation so if we get governance right and we educate our people and make sure there's law and order and good health the conditions are extremely favourable in South Asia this is a golden opportunity not to be missed there are challenges but we have to respond to these challenges and I think there's a fair chance that most of us will be able to I think it's sustainable economic growth as we've talked about has a lot of factors at the end it's about creating jobs if you want to keep people in the region you've got to have jobs and they have to be the right kind of jobs they can't be the jobs that will be disintermediated if you're a distributor today and you're collecting 3% commission and not creating any value then technology will disintermediate you at some point it may be 2017, it may be 2027 it may be 2037 but those distributors in tomorrow's world there'll be no value from them and they will go away so the key for me the underpinning of sustainable economic growth is job creation and the creation of the development of human capital and the creation of workforces that can change and adapt and grow with the requirements that will come in the 21st century if you don't do that then there's no way you can have sustainable economic growth look at Myanmar we were one of the first US companies to go into Myanmar after the sanctions were removed I went there the first time six years ago my smart phone didn't work my iPad didn't work I had terrible connectivity my most recent trip in January everything worked but there's still 35 million people in the country that don't have electricity so there's nothing inclusive about that but it shows you how much progress can be made in a relatively short period of time and also how much more work is left to do but if we don't create jobs in Myanmar it's going to be impossible for that development to take place for me being repetitive but it's a very important point the three points one is the one trillion GDP incremental GDP opportunity by 2026 for ASEAN there's a work done actually with Commission 80 continuing to do for us and that's a opportunity for broadband second broadband should be a national agenda it cannot be just specifically or naturally or gradually being led by the players it got to be more offensive public sector and private sector got to work together and the whole ecosystem it got to be a policy to make that happen it creates jobs it's important for human capital and so on so forth and it covers every society it's not just about the people who are the rich and so on it helps the financial inclusion it reaches every aspect of the society including helps hopefully the seamless roaming that everyone is thinking about in the future and third is that this is kind of related to the second one an opportunity for ASEAN to leapfrog we are in the third revolution we can leapfrog the developed countries with the next few years we get the second right that's my three key points ASEAN offers such great opportunities and I still think we need to find ways of working better together urbanisation is real in this part of the world at a level that we've not seen before also taking into consideration the years to come and the world will benefit if we do find the right solutions the first time I mean find the green energy solutions how do we fight and actually building inclusiveness into slum areas and introduce social housing how do we provide clean water all these things that matters to people so to the UN and to UNOPS it's all about how we can help support building national capacity to find ways of working together also financially to provide scale to the solutions that we know we need to find Greta, thank you very much indeed for that and that brings us to the end of our CNBC debate here at ASEAN at the World Economic Forum I'd like to thank all our panellists starting with Greta Faremol UN Under Secretary General for the United Nations Office for Project Services Jamal Udin Ibrahim Managing Director, President and CEO of Axiata John Rice, Vice-Chairman of GE and George Yo, former Singapore train foreign minister and Chairman at Kerry Logistics and thank you the audience for watching and we will see you again very soon here at ASEAN okay we now have another 15 minutes or so in which we can carry on the conversation and invite some audience participation we are done with the television part of the debate so we can still carry on the conversation and invite some questions from the floor so I'll just let a few of the folks just settle down here and then we can start the Q&A I think we have went a little bit over so we have about 10 or 15 minutes and I think we have some colleagues in the audience with roving mics as well and we'll just wait for everyone to settle down first of all right, shall we begin who would like to get the ball rolling yes sir, if you can can we have a mic for the gentleman here right at the front of the audience and so if you could be good enough to say who you are and where you're from please Rami Sharif, senior vice president of the royal group in Cambodia I want to comment on the connectivity the digital connectivity and offering faster and cheaper digital connectivity to be the solid platform to build on the fourth revolution that we are talking about I want to welcome everyone in Cambodia and I want to share one example of that connectivity that connected Cambodia, Malaysia and Thailand and this is an initiative that was done by a local company in Cambodia called Royal Group connecting the first submarine fibre optic connection and this was done on 15th March with an investment of 100 million dollars so this Cambodia the developing sister among the big family of ASEAN did it and that was a great example to come to what Mr Jogio mentioned about how can we get no roaming no charges and get into that actual accessibility so this is just a comment the other comment is our role as business leaders and here we have 600, 700 and I think one major point is how proactive is the private sector in ASEAN many will think well you know governments are not doing a good job well we should take the lead and we should come to the governments with what we believe as ambitious what we believe as feasible what we believe as the coming steps to build this solid strong body called ASEAN which should be operational so once we come to that point of being proactive governments will surely react and we know that in countries like Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand the governments couldn't stand still when we had this proactive private sector they came with better regulation they came with certain processes they needed to invest in basic infrastructure in education, human capital so all these pillars to build that ideal model should come from us as proactive private sector your thoughts please so look I think you're right and I can tell you from our perspective we are a regular, we have as I mentioned before 9000 people in the ASEAN region a regular senior level contact with every government in the ASEAN region to talk about things that we can do and they can do to facilitate the development of infrastructure projects so I think to me that's what comes with a bilateral world we can't wait for TPP we have to go door to door and what allows us to be successful is engaging with these governments what their agenda is and how we can marry that with our agenda and that's the nature of the 21st century in a bilateral world for a company like GE and we can't we will not stop that even if TPP was reconstituted tomorrow we will still build a strategy around a bilateral approach because what Indonesia needs is a little bit different than what Cambodia needs is a little bit different than what the Philippines needs is a little bit different than what the Philippines needs I guess I look at it the three components everything we do there's one component that's beyond your control there's nothing much you can do you don't spend time on that there's another component of things that you don't have much control especially with regard to TPP or the government actions or policies but we can have influence so we spend our efforts advocating and come out with a proposal but in reality you alerted to a big chunk of the things that we can do something ourselves, the private sector should take the initiative so for us for example we need help from spectrum we need help on many other regulations with regards to broadband and so on we decided to say okay we're going to spend like this year we're going to spend to the tune of 6.5 billion or what is that close to 2 billion, 1.7 billion US dollar to roll out primary broadband to help the digital entrepreneurs we need help but we decided that okay while we can't solve the whole world's problem or ASEAN problem we decided to invest in Malaysia to the tune of about we build a fund together with our partners about 20, 25 million US dollar fund to fund the digital entrepreneurs in Malaysia and recently about few weeks ago a small fund in the scheme of things is very small but it's a good start we put in 5 million dollar US to help small little companies in Cambodia to jump start all these digital entrepreneurs and I can go on and on but you're right absolutely we can't wait for the whole world to help us we got to do it ourselves George Although most tariffs have been zero in ASEAN non-tariff measures remain a big problem and some tell me that it's getting worse crossing borders is not always easy in Southeast Asia but with highways with better connectivity and with more and more multinationals coming to ASEAN they have a lot of influence in ensuring that the procedures for crossing border are properly codified and regularised local players will always find it typical agricultural products but multinationals here can play a big role and they have access to ministers whichever country they visit in Southeast Asia John I'm just really curious because you used the example and it's a great example of Myanmar five or six years ago zero G connectivity now you have 4G if I'm not mistaken so what drove that impetus did it come from government saying let's just do it let's make some progress here with conviction or was it business pushing it who was the leading agency here I think it's both I mean it doesn't happen unless the government makes it a priority I think it's a good example of pretty far-sighted effort on behalf of the new at the time government in Myanmar and then companies that lined up to support it so I think it's exactly illustrates the point that I mentioned before and you need that because there has to be private investment to make it work it's not going to be funded completely by the government but the investors need to know that the government is behind this strategy and it's an important priority for the government Thank you sir for that question let's take one more at the back here Yes sir I'm Ian Grandey from the ADECO group I had a question for John John you talked about technology and the fourth industrial revolution and how that will change jobs and all jobs are going to change at some point in the future obviously I think all of us agree with that in an organisation the size of GE one of the world's largest employers how do you do that talent planning how do you look at the different parts of the business think about what's going to be needed for the next 15 years We probably spend a billion dollars a year on training but we've also realized over the last 10 years that we have to train our own people differently I grew up in a world where vertical skills were more important than horizontal skills I was in finance and I was taught to stay in my swim lane and swim fast and touch the wall first and I would be rewarded with a promotion and more salary vertical siloed world because it was slower and that worked in today's world you can't have leaders that operate like that because your horizontal skills and ability to cut across an organisation matter as much as your vertical or your domain competence and I'd argue for governments because governments including the United States and what's your notoriously siloed suboptimal in performance I think is a result of that this idea that you have to train for a different type of leadership in the 21st century is permeating GE and we're still figuring out how to do that but re-skilling and re-training and teaching people to adapt to what I that's a point I made before is the focus of our training efforts not imparting a specific skill right which is what we tried to do 10 or 15 or 20 years ago do we have any more questions I feel a little bit like a deer in the headlight because I can't quite see people over here but yes there's a gentleman who has a question here yes sir please right to the front please Good morning my name is I'm a secretary upset from ministry of calling finance I believe most of you have business in Cambodia but before you leave this session I would like to seek your advice on Cambodia's future directions what you would say the most urgent thing to do for Cambodia in the next three years to be successful first of all did everyone hear the question correctly no what was the question right if I'm not mistaken sir what's the most urgent priority for this country, for Cambodia in the next three years yes that's the question Greta do you want to take that one first and we'll have to make that the last one I'm afraid because we'll be crashing into the other session so my approach would of course be how do we develop sustainable solutions regarding the core areas ranging from energy needs to education and build from there actually how do you secure building the national capacity but the overall political priorities would of course have to be set nationally and as a UN official I would not dare to go into that space Jamal but I share the sensitivity Jamal please for me it sounds like broken record sounds like I'm a hammer everything looks like nails to me but back to broadband I think Cambodia can benefit tremendously and can live frog as a country the mobile industry in fact is growing faster in most of the neighboring countries in ASEAN broadband of course is very low penetration when I say broadband fix and fix wireless broadband that can be accelerated and the digital economy that goes along with it that sits on top that can be accelerated so I think that should be the priority and that should be the competitive angle that Cambodia as a country can differentiate within ASEAN and of course outside ASEAN you know that infrastructure challenges that remain in Cambodia require foreign capital to be solved the best way to attract foreign capital is to give investors visibility and that visibility has to be over a number of years and China taught us all with the development of five year plans that actually mean something and allow you to line up under a set of priorities and if you work hard you can be successful so I'd suggest have a plan publicize the plan and stick with the plan so that you can attract the capital to build out the broadband infrastructure to develop power generation where it needs to be developed without healthcare where it needs to be built out you need a combination of public and private efforts and a long term more visible plan will help you get those external investors Minister, two days ago I visited See Hanukville it was my first visit there I saw the port which was built with assistance from Japan I saw the Chinese special economic zone 10km 200-300 factories already operating and the plan for the future are exciting you have now in the next 2-3 years an opportunity to avail yourself of enormous assistance from China, Japan and other countries to help develop your infrastructure don't miss this tide it will not flow forever in the coming years when it is flowing ride it as much as you can internally your country reborn and you have so many young people and we met many of them yesterday at the open forum education is a key and if you must scream on everything else invest in education because that is your future ladies and gentlemen on that note we will end the session there and it is as useful and informative as I have I have learnt a lot certainly from all our panellists let's give them round of applause one last time Fyda Fyremol Fyremoliw Binibri'kin John Rice of GE and Georgio and thank you for your participation thank you very much


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