All right, great. So thank you all for joining in today and good day to everybody out there. I am Dave Maltz. I'm a technical fellow at Microsoft, but here I'm speaking to you not as a member of Microsoft, but as one of the many founders of Sonic. So what is Sonic? Sonic's Dian's for the software for open networking in the cloud. It is a network operating system. It is the software that you would run on the switches and routers in your data center, in your edges, in your wider network, in order to enable connectivity between all those servers. Sonic is interesting in many ways. One of the first things about it is that it's broken out into multiple layers. So for example, looking at that central box in the middle, Sonic is containerized. Each of the bits of software that runs on it is can be put in its own container, which makes it very easy to update Sonic and for the people running a network based on Sonic to choose what features and capabilities they wanna put on the switches they have. Another unique thing about Sonic is that switch abstraction interface that shows down there at the bottom or the Psy. Sonic is built to run on a consistent Psy interface and many, many vendors across the industry have built SDKs so that many different switch ASICs can actually support Sonic. Today there are over a hundred switch platforms that run Sonic successfully and in production across the world and that meets a broad ecosystem. Because it's such a broad ecosystem, many other players have come in to build management tools that run on top of Sonic up at that management and configuration layer. What this means is that network engineers, network operators can start to treat those network switches the same way they do servers. They can use the same mechanisms for rolling out software, verifying the health of those switches, upgrading them and that gives a lot of synergies between the software development houses and network operation houses that wasn't there before and allows a large set of tools to come in to make a healthy network ecosystem. Now, why did Microsoft involve with Sonic? So we started and founded Sonic because running a cloud scale is very, very hard. In particular, the network that ties all cloud scale services together faces many, many challenges and to solve those challenges successfully we found that we needed a couple of things. One, we needed to give the network architects the network designers control over their own fate and destiny, that ability to choose what features are gonna be running on those switches, the time at which they're gonna upgrade. We needed to give the services operating these things the freedom to choose how to extend the software to ability to put their own resources into generating and developing the new features that they might need to enhance their clouds and take that network to the next level. They needed agility. Again, they need to be able to control the tempo of updates and releases when features will be built and put out there. They needed the ability to control what software is running on those switches. And ultimately, we needed collaboration. The thing about network operating systems is the more people who use them, the more people who contribute to them, the better they are for all of the participants. It's not something which should be unique to any one company or any one vertical. And so the Sonic ecosystem has been successful and has been growing very rapidly. On this slide shows you just some of the logos of the many teams and companies that have been collaborating together to build the Sonic ecosystem, starting on the left with the many merchant silicon providers, companies building ASICs that can turn into switch platforms by the many names and companies here in the switch platform column, which have been adopted by a large numbers of cloud scalers, enterprises, fintechs, universities and network providers all across the industry, all across the globe. And then a large number of system and service providers who are offering service contracts, visualization, aid to design, capacity plan, layout, build, operate those networks, which are using Sonic as a network operating system underneath them. Sonic is actually getting the attention of a large number of people. Gartner predicts that by 2025, 40% of medium and large size organizations are gonna be running Sonic in their production data centers. Interest in Sonic's increasing nearly 100% year over year. Leaders at IDC Research have suggested that Sonic has the potential to become the Linux of network operating systems. And that is our goal. There's been studies that show the Sonic operating system makes data centers more reliable and the whole ecosystem and the market address by Sonic appears to be large and growing rapidly. And that that brings me to the next major announcement I'd like to make. To continue that rapid growth of Sonic, to help Sonic move out into new communities, new communities, new use cases, and work with more and larger developers. Sonic is joining the Linux foundation as of today. To give you a little bit of the history, Sonic began working with the Open Compute project. The work for the switch abstraction interface was done inside the OCP. And OCP has moved to a collaborative hardware software co-design strategy. And as part of that, work on those hardware abstraction layers will continue inside of the OCP project. Sonic is joining the Linux foundation again to participate in a large amount of activity that's happening there. The large communities of developers and users who work there. And we see ourselves as remaining a bridge between the OCP work where we'll continue to work on those hardware abstraction layers and new types of switches. And the Linux foundation will be fully participating in this very large open source ecosystem. As we join the Linux foundation, we have a governing board set up with seven luminary members and engineers from seven major companies that have been contributing to Sonic over the course of its development over time. As part of a Linux foundation project, we'll also of course have technical committees made up of the individual contributors and corporate contributors who are technically active in submitting and contributing to that. There'll also be opportunities for participations for both individuals and companies and many different tiers of membership. But to give you a sense of how far this is going, we've already got this critical mass and it's going fast. To give you a sense of that Sonic journey, Sonic began back in 2016, really targeted on those cloud scaler use cases. It's been powering our data centers in Microsoft since then as well as many other cloud scalers. Over time though, the feature set supported by Sonic has been grown by the many companies and individuals contributors who are part of that to give us the ability to power bail metal scenarios, to power AI and gaming scenarios, to power enterprise scenarios. And we're now taking that forward into powering edge, carrier scenarios, telco 5G and other sorts of edge connectivity situations. Down at the bottom, we have a of this chart, you can see some of the many ASICs that we've been growing and supporting as well as the feature sets that have been added over to Sonic. This means that Sonic is now ready to handle just about all the scenarios that people would want to do with a network switch. And again, as an active and vibrant ecosystem, if there is features or capabilities that aren't there currently, it's easy to participate with community and get that scheduled into things that people are going to be wanting to develop. Now, moving forward again, we're joining the Linux foundation, as I said, because there is so much activity happening here across so many spaces. As Sonic comes in, we see that there are a whole variety of layers inside the LAF and many of the projects that we're looking forward to and excited to work with and partner with, going forward into the future to deliver on the promise that is an open network operating system. And again, I'd like to end by reaching out for an open invitation for participation in the Sonic community. Individual contributors, corporate contributors, we're all welcome. There are many ways to get involved. And we're starting to use our new URL now down at the bottom, httpsonicfoundation.dev. So thank you. And I look forward to your questions. Excellent. Thank you. Thank you, Dave. It has been outstanding. I remember, you know, in my early days of kind of writing the size pack to now where the community has come. We have, you know, again, for people who are on the call, if you have questions, please put them in the Q&A. I do have one quick question. And I know people always ask, you know, has Microsoft deployed Sonic? And I know there were public articles from five years ago or whatever, but any insights that you can publicly share on, you know, the scale of deployments or some deployment examples that would be helpful to the people would be useful. Absolutely.  We talk about row level switches, rack level switches. All of those switches that we've been building up for quite a few years now are running Sonic, our data center level and our regional level switches. We're doing pilots now running Sonic on those. You saw on our timeline how we're bringing Sonic to chassis and WAN class switches. Those things are going out into production now. When we start summing up the public announcements of the various enterprises and carriers and cloud scalars that have talked about deploying Sonic, there are millions and millions of ports of Sonic deployed across the industry and that number is growing very rapidly. Nice, nice. No, that's a very exciting thing. And we are, you know, we're going to look forward to the other communities collaborating and helping you and the community move forward. So very exciting. There are a couple of questions that have come in. What's the progress on Dash look like? Look like I should say, yeah. Okay, great. So let me talk a little bit about what Dash is. Dash is now trying to use that Sonic infrastructure to enable things like middle boxes or smart mix to take us to the next level of delivering features capabilities across networks that are powered by Sonic. Here's a very common situation. We want to do a software-defined network. That means we want to take our physical network hardware. We want to virtualize it so that every tenant who's running over that shared infrastructure can see exactly the policies that they want. They can see their virtual machines or their hardware exposed with the security constraints, the reachability constraints, the quality of service constraints that they want to impose on that. Now, one way of doing that is to have switches or the middle boxes running Sonic expose these Dash APIs. The Dash API is not talking so much about the network level concepts, but those software-defined networking concepts, the higher-level abstractions of a virtual network that's for that particular tenant. And in that SDN abstractions then, that Dash abstraction, the control plane can say, I'd like to inject this virtual machine into this customer's virtual network with the following sets of policies. And then the Sonic-enabled switch underneath that will translate those policies into whatever the network layer configuration is required to make that happen. That could be putting Pacers on, that could be applying access control lists. But what this does is it allows us to bring a lot of new kinds of network hardware easily into that software-defined network. Okay, excellent. There's another question. How does Sonic fit into the broader LF ecosystem of platforms like Dent? You want me to take that? Okay, sure way. Yeah, okay. So that's actually a good question. And as we see the network operating systems evolution, the starting of Sonic was obviously cloud-scale data centers, enterprise data centers, sort of centralized deployments. And as they move out, Dent on the other hand, starts at the very edge in terms of distributed campus location type devices. So the feature set is quite different versus that. So that's kind of the complementary nature. Now there are differences in technologies, right? Switch, Dev, Psy, et cetera, et cetera. And those are all dependent on kind of the use case applications and things like that. The great news now is, we have an opportunity here at the Linux Foundation to have the community collaborate and figure out how we can look at the next decade, I would say, because 20 years ago, if you remember, there were the server operating system choices. And I think Linux came in and the good news with these noses is it's all Linux-based. So we are starting from a very good position, but that's kind of the high level. If I could add on to this, it's all about creating options and flexibility for service designers, network designers. In the Sonic space, we've also done great work in collaboration with Google and the PINs initiative. So again, that's another way of controlling networks that have Sonic in them. And so this is all about giving lots of freedom so that people can control their own destiny and pick whatever's gonna be the best application or software set to solve their problems. Exactly, exactly. Very good. I know we are right at the break here. And they really appreciate your keynote, but more importantly, thank you for bringing Sonic to the Linux Foundation. And we are really excited to host it. Thank you very much. Looking forward to it. Thanks, David. Thanks, David.


So you brought up education and I was just reading about the fact that in the social sciences Marxists outnumber conservatives four to one This was a study put out by Musa Algarbi at heterodox academy. There was also an extensive study of 8688 tenure-track professors at 51 of the top-ranked liberal arts colleges in the US This was by the National Association of Scholars and it found that the ratio of faculty members registered as Democrats compared to Republican is Now at 13 to 1 The the researcher here was Mitchell Langbert And he found that 40% of these colleges had zero faculty members who were registered Republican not a single one now I am no Republican never have been. I'm a libertarian and I've never voted Republican But what this data suggests? To me is that there's a kind of groupthink. There's a kind of ideological homogeneity a Dogmatic intellectual monoculture right going on dominating the Academy that's not helping us That is not serving students. That's not introducing students to the full range of of human thought and in fact Mitchell Langbert actually breaks down this this study by discipline and In communications, I'll just really quickly read it to you by fields in communications The ratio is 108 to 0 no registered Republicans anthropology 56 to 0 religion 70 to 1 English 48 to 1 sociology 44 to 1 art 40 to 1 it goes down and down and down and down classics 27 to 1 Then you get down to the the actual mathy Hard sciences and things like that and it starts to go down political science 8 to 1 computer science 6 to 1 physics 6.2 to 1 math 5 to 1 economics 5.5 to 1 chemistry 5 to 1 engineering 1.6 to 1 Okay, so all I just I think there's a lot of stuff going on here, right? So so one is groupthink I mean the whole tenure system is Rooted in this idea that you know people you like to promote people who publish in the journals that you are Running and therefore and it's true even within these disciplines put aside and even within the discipline the discipline So put aside politics It's true that like revolutionary papers articles that are written that really change a field almost never published in the leading journals Right, so the leading journals in a field tend to publish the things that confirm what everybody already of course I want to ask you a question about this though because and I think what you're saying right now is that there's a lack in the academy of institutionalized Disconfirmation which means if there's no one on the other side to check your biases then You're gonna publish a lot of biased work So based on all of that that long-winded list of showing how lopsided the academy is What do you think iron rand or objectivists would say about the current climate and academia this ever increasing tilt especially in the humanities and social sciences towards a kind of left-wing anti-reason anti-science moral and epistemological relativism this adoption of a kind of post-modern worldview grounded in critical theory feminist criticism post-structuralism intersectionality ethnic and identity studies programs all of this in other words How can we use objectivism to combat? What's going on in the universities to bring a little bit of sanity back or at least what would objectivists say? About the tools we could use to combat identity politics neo Marxism and other illiberal philosophies dominating the Academy well, that's a big question, but I mean I'll start with this look I Mean this is a huge problem in academia. There's no question about it I also don't want to exaggerate it though because I think can be exaggerated There are people who identify as the left were still good professors who teach good stuff I mean, you know as much as Steven Pink is wrong and a lot of things and he's leftist and he's wrong and free Well, yeah, he's brilliant and he's got and I'm sure his classes are pretty interesting and And I'm not sure adding a standard conservative You know is what is and so the flip side of that is I'm not so conservative so what you need in academia, right? Yeah, I mean the fact that it's all one so homogeneous is problematic and disturbing But it's also true that some extent conservative are pricing themselves or Or keeping themselves out of academia one is because they don't go into some of these fields My guess is they just they just not interested second is look. I don't know if you don't believe in evolution I can't take you that seriously and you want to be an anthropologist, but you don't believe in evolution or you want to be a I don't know any field almost and you don't believe in evolution I've never met a conservative a mainstream Intellectual-intelligent studied Evidence-based conservative that doesn't believe in evolution and my thought is I mean look at the look at this whole think tank in Washington in Washington state dedicated to creationism and you know, so they've got a scientific name for it now But well, that's unfortunate, but there should be you would assume that there wasn't Think about why Silicon Valley doesn't vote for president, right?  I mean, I I'm not justifying them voting for Bernie Sanders But how can you vote? For a human being who pretends to be intelligent who is going to be president of the United States who says at best I'm not gonna comment on the question of evolution You know, you know, it's so It's so primitive and barbaric that it has no place on on on the thing now It's true religion has no place in politics, but this isn't about religion This is about the courage and but it's also about their respect for science and the fact that they don't so I think I think some conservatives disqualify themselves on from Academia because they're not serious Summer kept out there's no question so the bias is there and there's no question the biases there But it's also true that I don't think conservatives are the solution because the conservatives of course are either Mystics of some form or Conteans or something else. I think the solution is I meant the solution is is some fresh thinking about everything Not just about politics and I don't like that We define everything in terms of political agendas, but if you looked at philosophy to put on how many of them are Contean You know 70% or something Yeah, that will always be even more if you look at the fundamental concept that there's no diversity even there and bringing in conservatives Doesn't solve that. So what what objectivism? is hopeful of that that We start diversifying those kind of ideas by bringing in people who will challenge the Conteans in some of the humanities Will challenge the postmodernists who will in in Of course identity politics of course the way to challenge identity politics is to be an advocate of individualism and to it's not To change tribes, which is unfortunately what many on the right do right? Oh, no, your tribe definitions are no good Let me give you my tribal definitions But no to abandon all tribal definitions for the sake of a of a real philosophical Individualism and that to me is what's lacking in academia. What's lacking academia? I think unfortunately Conservatives and libertarians haven't picked up this man so but this is the man so they need to pick up is Philosophical individualism as a counter to everything the left represents both in politics and in kind of identity Politics, which is not really politics, which is more epistemology and more ethics, you know, it's a real form of tribalism So I would like to see us be more philosophical and focus in on the root causes So for example, we need to defend free will we need to defend individualism and and the individual is the beneficiary of his own Actions because only then can you defend capitalism if you are not shouldn't be morally the beneficiary of your own product Your own actions be distribution of wealth is fine Cursion is great because it achieves a moral purpose. The moral purpose is more equality in society This is my book equal is unfair, right? If if the goal is if you don't own your stuff This is why I think the most important speech Barack Obama ever made Was one of his more philosophical speeches was that you didn't build that speech which he which he stole from Elizabeth Warren Who might be our next president? There's a scary thought yes, but we did pay the people who did build that a fair market wage Exactly, and that's my book explains all of that and why you are the beneficiary of these things But he gave the speech you didn't build that and nobody very few I mean people made fun of it, but they didn't critique it There was very little actual critique because the fact is the conservatives don't have a critique of it because Morally they believe in redistribution morally they believe that your purpose of your life is to serve others They just want to tinker with it a little differently than the left does so what is needed is a critique of the idea of altruism the idea of egalitarianism Not just of its political manifestation, but of its philosophical roots and again, that's what we do in equal is unfair That's why I think this is one of the biggest issues of our time This holy egalitarian idea which with the next presidential, you know as the left You know we'll see what happens to the left But which is a leftist idea which is right never challenges really But you didn't build that is is is rooted. I mean almost every academic I know believes that to some extent or another particularly academics who've never been in the business world Of course, they don't believe it applies to them right when you ask them does that mean article you wrote you didn't write Oh, no, you know, we're special but But they believe it and that's what needs to be challenged It's those fundamental ideas in epistemology and ethics the politics will take care of itself if we can get that that's what we need a diversity of ideas and And you know at the institute that managed to we've been trying for years and it's hard to train people To be academics to go into these universities to help them out with the cetacean grants and help them out at University positions to create that diversity, but the left is so dominant. We need so many people It's gonna take a long time and it in you know in the world is crumbling in the meantime philosophic


Thanks for checking out this movie review video. So this is for the 1978 Spanish giallo film Trauma and this one I was watching through the forgotten gialli volume one that I got from vinegar syndrome So was very excited to dig into this I will have reviews of the other two on here Which are the police are blundering in the dark and the killer is one of 13 so you can look out for those now This is an image. I'm sorry. This one is an image from Trauma which is very nicely rendered there Anyway, this one's directed by Leon Klamofsky Who did a lot of kind of Western films a lot of war films? Which are very popular back in the day also did the werewolf versus the vampire woman sounds fun Dr. Jekyll versus the werewolf werewolf the vampires night orgy Vengeance of the zombies a dragonfly for each corpse I like the name of that the people who own the dark and night of the walking dead just to name a few This was written by Juan Jose Porto who also wrote scripts for the stepmother Cross the devil night of the walking dead and also Carlos Puerto who wrote a script for Satan's blood So just so you know Jumping right into this I didn't find any like behind-the-scenes interesting information on this film This one, you know, obviously it's because it's forgotten Geali. So that kind of makes sense There's not a lot known about it. So it was definitely worth watching for that reason now Very suspicious from the get-go that Daniel or Daniel I'm just gonna call him Daniel Daniel ends up showing up at Veronica's place immediately after and even like make some weird comments where he's just like yeah, I was just you know aimlessly driving around and Do you rent rooms here? It's just like this weird thing. So Through those interactions, and then the fact that people just keep showing up at Veronica's place I guess it was kind of a bed-and-breakfast slash hotel situation going on there I guess they don't really address that specifically But then when she makes a comment about like no the kitchen is closed That's definitely sounds like it's a situation where it is like a bed-and-breakfast or something like that So and the fact that she lives like all the way at the top with with her husband, which is you know in her mind basically But I thought it was weird how Daniel immediately shows up and he's just like Very mysterious about everything which you know, obviously in the end you find out He is the killer even though Veronica was also a killer And was used kind of as the main red herring in order to make you think that that was how they were tying up the film When they reveal Veronica to be a killer, but no you get that very end portion where it's like, oh no Ultimately Daniel was the killer But we'll talk a little bit more about that then of course the phone doesn't always work That's something that Veronica makes a very big point of bringing up is that the phone doesn't work all the time They have a lot of storms and then they also say that a storm is rolling in even when they look outside and it's Clear as day and actually does the storm even ever happen? I don't think a storm even ever happens because they say there's like an eminent storm rolling in when Daniel first gets there and Or no, it was when the couple the first couple shows up Oh, and actually I guess it did kind of rain after that I just remembered that when they looked out the window and they're like, yeah, there's a storm rolling in It was like very bright Sun coming through so it's like Well, so it was way in the distance They really make a point of showing Daniel having black gloves on which indicates would have indicated him I thought early on as a red herring and this is one of the weird things that this Jolli-Fam actually does One of the reasons I didn't like it as much is that they put too many hints in about Daniel being the killer Like when he shows up, he's wearing the black gloves a lot The the whole situation where Gabriel the guy who brought the prostitute there eventually when he goes out to his car And he gets killed because he was looking for cigarettes all of a sudden They cut to a shot of showing Daniel in his room sitting at his desk working on his story or working on his book and then he is He has a pack of cigarettes having to sit there and it's like right in front of the camera basically So like these things they're hints, but they're like very strong They're like very in your face and strong plus the fact of how like I was saying Daniel just oddly shows up And he's just like very secretive about everything He doesn't want his wife to know where he is. He calls her and then hangs up and won't even speak to her like It would have been better in my opinion if they made him seem a little more normal Just saying But but like I said, they have that twist in there where Veronica is revealed to be a killer to take your attention away So I did like that touch. I did just saying Daniel saying he's He'll read Veronica's eyes Weird, I mean the interactions between Daniel and Veronica are just weird in general And just to let you know I watched this film not dubbed or anything. It's just sub.  I like, okay Veronica is quite friendly with Daniel notice, but when the hiker show up She is very much not friendly with them at all. She's she's very very mean basically And indifferent to whatever they have going on which I think is kind of it plays into a whole thing or Veronica Had said that she's kind of sick of that place She wants to get away part of the reason being you can tell that the trauma she had With the abusive relationship she was in with her husband who she ended up killing That that place kind of reminds her of that and that's what kind of keeps her in that in that mindset Which is why you end up seeing those scenes of her Acting like she's talking to her husband when he's clearly not there and she's playing both the roles So I think it's this thing of like she knows that it's tied The like she has to stay in the trauma Because of the place she's in constantly reminding her of that and that's why she wants to get out So she's had it with that place basically she kind of is a bit dismissive to Daniel in the beginning too But then when she finds out he's a writer That's something she takes interest in but that's why she's probably nice to Daniel and not the other folks But she takes those hitchhikers in or those hikers in obviously With how all the scenes are shot in Veronica's bedroom. You do get the idea that there is no husband They don't do the best job of obfuscating the fact that the husband is not there In fact, the way they do shoot it makes it seem like she is talking to herself or she's talking to a dead body That was another thing that I thought could have been the situation is that the husband was there But he was dead. It was just like a mummified corpse sitting in that chair But no lo and behold we find at the end. It's just you know different personalities in her mind going on Anna and victor the names of the hikers Are so are so annoying that I actually really couldn't wait for them to end up getting off So when they finally got killed I was very excited about that because they were just annoying characters Like they were over the top about everything. They weren't nice either I mean Veronica wasn't nice to them, but they weren't nice either and they were very annoying Uh, so you did kind of get this feeling that maybe Veronica did kill them because they were pushing her too much And she was not happy with them in the first place, but ended up being daniel obviously But the kills suck like the kills suck in this film for the most part Mainly because the straight razor that they used not a problem with the straight razor But you can tell it's like a real fake Fakie looking prop and every time it's just like lightly kind of like graze it over the skin And you can tell they're just like pumping a lot of blood out and it just doesn't look good They could have shot it at different angles to make it look a little more convincing You know make the cuts go a little bit slower get the Get the fake blade a little bit closer, you know apply some more pressure I don't know, but it just doesn't look very great Um So daniel just took off and nobody knows where he is That was kind of a big question that popped in my head during it I was like what is going on here with him just leaving his wife doesn't know where he is Now when you get to the end of the film, I started to think that maybe it's just a situation where like This is what he does He just takes off here and there and then that's when he goes for his killing outings basically And that the killing actually helps him with doing his writing Or it's a situation where he does the killing because he's trying to do the writing in a secluded place And people are distracting it because if you if you Notice the people who get killed are having loud sex basically And so he they do show shots of him kind of Noticing that they're making a lot of noise So it could very well be a motivation of these people are keeping me from Getting my great thoughts about for the story on a page So i'm just going to kill them But then there's also that comment that's made by his wife eventually who says that You know your characters can do what you can't do So I assume that maybe it's also a situation where when he's writing a story He kind of embodies the characters and maybe he was writing kind of like a serial killer narrative And that's why he needed to kind of like do it and feel it or like He was channeling the character in in some sort of way So there's I mean there's a lot that you can interpret with this film Um, I like how Daniel keeps pushing uh playing a game of chess with Veronica's husband because she had said that You know they could do that It did seem like he believed that she didn't actually have a husband there or have a husband in the first place So I don't know if it was a case where he kind of knew about her ahead of time I kind of feel like he did Because of the the point that they make in the very beginning of the film where he stops at that gas station And talks to that kid who by the way just ends up like randomly popping up all the time which is I don't know weird And I don't understand the kid in this especially don't understand that the kid pops up at the end of the film And you just like stop with him just kind of like smiling and watching after you know, Daniel waves to him Is weird I don't really get that and if anyone does or thinks you you do put it in the comments because I'm Intrigued to know what that whole thing is But I think he may have gotten the information about Veronica from that kid And that that's the reason he went there because maybe he already was planning on killing people or he thought he might kill people And he figured well this person knowing about her. She's living there alone. She's unhinged And it can be blamed on her which is obviously what ends up happening in the end So just some thoughts on that um I like how Gabriel the guy who had the prostitute with him when their car breaks down. I love how he's just Too horny to fix the car like he messes with it for a little bit, but then as soon as Ava or Eva gets out of the car and wants to take a look then he's just too horny He's just too horny to even focus on the task at hand. He's gotta he's gotta start trying to get it on with her Weird just just too much, but you know it adds to the You know the uh the charisma of the film in a way. I'll say There's a point between Daniel and Veronica that one person's place of reprieve Can be another person's frustration basically because that's what's going on You know Daniel's there to kind of get away. He's there to relax. He feels better there And maybe part of that's because he's killing Veronica hates that place obviously. She wants to get away So this kind of dichotomy between the two of them of one person's haven versus one person's hell In a sense is kind of interesting to watch How many times are they going to feature a staircase in this film specifically that one main staircase? I thought they had way too many shots of that. It got pretty gratuitous You don't need to keep showing people going all the way upstairs It's just not necessary So I mean from a filmmaking standpoint from like technical standpoint There's a lot of stuff that wasn't that great in this film Especially like there were some a bunch of scenes that you know the camera. It's like way shaky Way shaker than it should be there were there was a part very early on in the film one of the Scenes in the bedroom in Veronica's bedroom where the light is like Flaring in the camera and it just looks terrible Overall it looks like super low budget crappy. I will say At least the couples don't get killed until after they're done having sex Which is part of what leads me to believe that it is Daniel being mad that they're making so much noise Which is why he kills them because otherwise why would he wait for them to be done with sex? Unless he's just a nice guy like that When it comes to that The camera moving backwards This is the one kella. I did kind of enjoy The the one where Gabriel gets killed in the car where he's kind of like laying down because he gets jumped in essence And the camera is like moving backwards as the razor is coming towards him So it's like moving back and then you end up seeing his head as the razor is like moving towards him Very cool. That was a cool inspired shot. I really did like that one Obviously the cutting still looks super fake But it was a cool shot I like how uh after evas killed there's a prolonged shot of the calm peaceful lake and woods Which is an interesting way to kind of stand in contrast to the tranquility and beauty Of the location they're at versus all the terrible violence that's going on with the people who are there Just saying I like those kind of dichotomy things and in that moment It kind of reminded me a little bit of mario babas a bay of blood because you have that same situation where It's this amazing beautiful setting, but the family living there makes it a terrible bloody awful place So how did daniel's wife found find him? That's a big question. I don't think I missed it in the film I mean, I'll miss a thing here and there because I'm like taking notes. Um, and when it's subtitled I'm I don't stop it. I just keep you know Take the notes and miss just a little bit, but How did his wife find him?  I've been looking for you didn't know where you were Did anyone catch that put it in the comments because as far as I saw There was nothing indicating that she found the information on where he was. She was just like aimlessly driving. It's weird um It I did Have a little bit of a problem. I was thinking Once they showed or appeared to show that veronica was the one behind all the kills I was like I was very perplexed because I noticed especially during the kill of gabriel in the car That the arm because you could see a separation between the black glove and like this the long sleeve When it was stretching towards him. There was a lot of hair on the arm So I was like was it a situation then where they just had a guy play her as the killer so that people wouldn't see that it looked like it was a female arm or You know the way she walked or whatever But then you find out in the end. Oh, okay daniel was the killer in actuality even though veronica is also a killer I did have a bit of an assumption early on that it would end up being veronica because they played that angle so hard But they also play the angle so hard of daniel And that's one of the things like it doesn't fully go by the The giallo formula in that sense because usually they go really hard at one person Who's not the killer as their main suspect that they want the audience that think it is But with this one they went pretty hard on both daniel and veronica and they both end up being involved basically So it was like, okay weird Yeah, and that that's kind of the last thing I wanted to say I I think the ending was interesting I like the fact that it was Veronica which I didn't think was much of a twist because they paint her as having a lot of issues But the twist of oh, but then daniel was actually killing when his wife pulls out the razor blade in like the Seat of his car and it's just like But then you have that whole weird thing where he waves to the kid and then it shows the kid I'm like, I don't I don't understand this I don't get it The production quality is quite low. I already talked about that the you know the camera work issues The music wasn't very good either now. I'm usually a big proponent of using silence A lot in film because it can really help to add tension And let you kind of like feel how you want to about a about a scene or be confused about it With this one there was a lot of no music moments And it was like the most boring moments to do it And I think it worked against it because it just made those moments more boring in my opinion So this is a film where I think it could use more music and I don't say that very often so Yeah, I uh, yeah, not a fun not not fun Much like daniel in the beginning of the film this film feels pretty aimless to me. Uh, it really does meander It's definitely sorry. It's definitely too long and unfocused a lot of the time It seems like they didn't have a lot of actual like good ideas from point a to point b Which is beginning to end. They just need to fill some stuff in there until they got to the twist at the end so I'm glad I saw it. I I wouldn't recommend it. It's tour. It's like second to worst On the bottom on my list of giallo films, honestly I think I just put it ahead of the pajama girl case because I hated that so much um Probably technically though the pajama girl case is better But from a story point It just disannoyed me last base basically So yeah, but uh out of five stars with half stars in play They give it two stars. It's okay Ish I was between one and a half and two, but I'll give it two stars because it's still giallo, you know But anyway, I would like to hear your thoughts on this film Go ahead and put them in the comments. Love it hate it in between on it Did you have insight that I didn't throw into this film? Do you think I'm wrong about anything in particular and why? Love to get nerdy about this film and just giallo in general And if you're into giallo in general and you're not familiar with my channel I have a whole playlist of just giallo reviews and this one will be added to it. I think this is like my 39th Giallo review something like that. I'm going through a lot of them. Obviously I have two more here I have a bunch back here still and more coming Yeah, I'm gonna keep going but Thanks for checking this out. Do me a quick favor hit that subscribe button if you're not a subscriber Every time I see someone hit that subscribe button because I get emails for that I look at that person their profile and they say this is awesome. Thank you to this person and it helps motivate me It helps keep me going You know, we're growing this nerdy horror community and it's more people I can interact with talk to about these films because that's the reason I started this channel Truly because where I live I didn't have anyone to get super nerdy with horror about so I was like I'm gonna take the internet to do this So anyway, um, thanks also hit the notification bell button because you'll know when I'm putting up new videos Blah blah blah all that but thanks for taking your time to watch this I do appreciate that and until next time keep it brutal


So, in my presentation, I will be talking a bit about what is the need for an integrated planning approach, what are the steps of planning and the recommendation and plan for the Shadamani Sakyanal. I will tell you a bit more about Shadamani Sakyanal. So, yes, everybody is saying this, Alapura is the venice of these, what are the original venice? So, everybody is like why doesn't Alapura become like the original venice? What is the condition of venice? Are we aware of it? Anybody has been to venice? You been to venice? Yes. So, can you tell us a bit more, because this is just secondary data which I have got. How are the canals there? Very dirty. This is an annotation system, which has underground pipes called getholics through these pipes and it is the tidal fluctuations in the venice lagoon which keeps it relatively clean now. But still when it is flooded during Mansoon and all, there are pictures of people actually staying in that water without even realizing that it is actually wastewater. Right? There are photos of people frolicking in the Venetian waters, but unfortunately I don't know whether they do know it, doubted as the aspirational city for canals. However, studies have shown that there is an abundance of E. coli in the waters from unreasonable to 10 days to 4 colony-forming units. And the different strains of E. coli which are found are tens of other pathogens which might be dangerous for human health. So, this is the condition of venice canals. I agree that venice is not the aspiration which we are going through. Is that ok? A model of the perfect canals. Right? Ok. So, how critical is this liquid waste management? So, somebody yesterday mentioned about Belendur lake. Yes. Yes? Happening in Belendur lake, helping of the lakes. Yes. So, in February it caught fire, the lake, the complete lake caught fire. So, why is this happening in Belendur lake? Sorry? Lot of discharge of industrial influence into the lake. Ok. So, BWSSB, are you guys aware of BWSSB? BWSSB is Bangalore water and sea bridge boat, water supply and sea bridge boat. BWSSB. So, they are operating 19 STPs in Bangalore pipeline. So, out of these 19 STPs, treated sewage is reaching the Belendur lake. So, untreated sewage coupled with a small portion of industrial influence that the lake frauds over which is causing this frothing over of the lake. And to manage the septage of sewage which is being generated at households, they pose grave risk otherwise if not managed properly. Data on septic tank coverage in Kerala, 56.69% of households have septic tanks and 21.87% of pit platforms, system is about 14.32%. So, I mentioned yesterday about two cities in Kerala which have sewer network, but still the coverage is very low in those cities. And of the population in Kerala which has centralized sewage network access. In Kerala specifically, there is no sewerage system and the septic tank, the households connected to septic tank is 45% and ventilated and improved pit is 27.24%. These are nothing but lead pits, ventilated pits. Condition service chain. Are you familiar with this picture? Service chain which is happening, foundation service chain. Where and for there is the collection and storage system, conveyance treatment and disposal and reuse. And this is, yes, no. Since alopee does not, we have established that we do not have a centralized sewage network. So, does this work in case of alopee? No conveyance. There is no treatment. There is no disposal or reuse according to this particular diagram. Right? There is, in alopee since there is no centralized network, the service chain cannot be applied in the cities context. And there is a reason why there is no centralized system in alopee. Any of you can guess the reason why a centralized system is not possible in alopee. Space problem. Space problem, yes. Terrain. Terrain. Terrain. Perfect. Flat topography, right? You will have to pump it or else. Right? That costs energy. Venom increases. What else? Is that particular feature about alopee which makes it pretty difficult to have High water table. High water table, exactly. Okay? Space for sewage treatment plant. In fact, alopee is a district where there are no forests. There is no reserve forests. Out of all the districts in Kerala, there are no forest synapses. It is also pretty high. So, imagine that this is even for vegetation. How do you expect running steps here? And steps. I just want to refresh your memory from yesterday's slides. You guys are familiar with the Marcoma Church sub canal, right? Pilot area. The pilot area we talked about. The pilot area which was presented yesterday. Marcoma Church sub canal. Talk about the delineation of water sheds and canal sheds and all. Yes, the concept of canal shed was explained to you. Yes. So, this is the Marcoma Church sub canal. Our objective was to an alternative treatment system to establish during winter school that it is during. It is from sub canals where the maximum pollution is generated and that drains into the main canal. So, it is imperative that yesterday that how salt waste is contributing the pollution in canals. So, now we will be today looking at how liquid waste is contributing to the pollution in the same canals. Like yesterday, the pilot area is the Marcoma Church sub canal. So, there are three wards through which this sub canal is going through. It is Chathanar, Mandatavad and Tonangolmera. The extent of pollution and to how to tackle it, how to come up with alternative strategies to tackle it. There is a need to first study the canal. There is a need to characteristics of the sub canal and the socio-economic characteristics and liquid waste management practice which are appropriate for each households, right? So, these are the three steps which comes under it. And these are our objectives for this particular study. We have election and desk study. We identified some key stakeholders. We evolved a questionnaire. There was an evolution of questionnaire over a period of the past one year almost. And then we collected some primary data and the analysis followed. Maps from the municipality. Catastrophic maps from Vandrum about canals, about households, about different wards. And desk study about the different kinds of septic tanks and soaps which are available in the market today to identify and understand the working, to identify whether septic tank is actually a septic canal tank or not. The different standards associated with it. We have some key stakeholders. If we have to work, we get the support of the councillors there. Yesterday you saw the councillors of Shadamani canal, right? That is the second sub-canal we are taking up. So, initially we had a talk with the councillors from the sub-canal. They came on board and they also agreed to survey and they helped us in data collection and all allied activities. So, there is a socio-economic study, water quality analysis and technical study which we conducted. So, this is how we collected the primary data. So, socio-economic study is ideal of the people who are living there. The class of people, the different practices which they follow, their plot size, how much area they have for alternate systems, if the systems there are found to be problematic. This was done to understand the water quality in case of wells and KW water collection. Ashrad mapping physical features, household level plot mapping. So, we have already talked about delineation of canalsheds, how that was done during the last summer school. So, I have to tell you that this methodology is a combined methodology for data which were collected over the course of the last month. So, there were different phases of data collection. There was the last winter school, there was summer school. There were activities which happened in between the last summer school and winter school. Either or which happened, multiple studies and activities through which we have. Suppose we need to understand the current existing situation, right. There has to be a situation analysis in place before we go ahead with planning and proposing alternate solutions if needed. So, for that study which were as I mentioned earlier, it is the socio-economic study and the technical study. So, the socio-economic study, it was basically a questionnaire based survey. I will be talking a bit more in detail about the questionnaire which we use, the different elements of questionnaire and all. But what we have to understand is that, right now I am sure, we will be having a session about ODK after this. And that really made data collection as well as analysis very, very, very easy. And it was using mobile phones, which is pretty common place nowadays. And it did not involve any paperwork or transferring manual labour in putting the data to Excel or anything. So, that made it very convenient for us. That also helped us in easier analysis of data. It was a technical study. It involved studying the physical character of the canals and outside practices. So, this I will be in the next slide, I will be detailing it out. And the third one was key stakeholder interviews. Aspects of liquid waste management is about fecal sludge management. You have heard a lot about, you know, honey suckers and how they, there is no peace-ludging, yes. But there is no current or disposal option for fecal sludge in the whole of Kerala. Devanahali in Bangalore has an FSTP plan, but Kerala, people are still throwing away, dumping the waste into either water bodies or fields. So, to understand what is happening there, we identified a few stakeholders. So, this part will be a presentation on FSTPs by Parish. So, I will be concentrating on the socio-economic study and the technical study, which are the physical features of the socio-economic character and the practices. And from there, you have certain findings. You can actually propose technical options which are appropriate for each context. And when I say context, I don't mean households. Does it mean that every household needs an alternative solution? There might be situations where you have to take a cluster of households together and propose a solution for them in case of land constraints or, yes, space constraints. There can be community or individual level. In case of community level, this is another exercise we have conducted wherein we have done an identification of beneficiaries. I will be detailing in the next section. Yes, this is about the technical study. Is there any doubt till now? Any questions or anything? Is that clear? Because this is something which you will be doing. So, hopefully it is clear. Yeah, practices. During winter school 2017, several encroachments were identified in the canals. There were liquid waste and solid waste hotspots which were identified in the canals. And the mapping of subcanals and drains happened by using USM. Okay, USM is another application app which can be used for tracking purposes. So, this really helped us in the technical study that happened during the summer school 2018 wherein delineation of canal shared and civil engineering survey was done. So, civil engineering survey is to, firstly, the canals are in a back shape. At least the subcanals, we do know that. And one of the reasons is the sediments which have deposited there, the solid waste which has accumulated there and it has completely altered the canal profile. Right? So, there is a need to measure the length width of the canal. What is the canal profile currently? What should be the canal profile? The corrected canal profile? And then see how much amount of desludging should be done to reach that particular canal profile. Is that clear? Yes? So, it was this onsite sanitation survey in which this survey was conducted only recently around October last, October it was conducted and two rows of households near the canals on the side of the canals they were identified around 200 households were there. Liquid waste also management practices from then. And another thing which was done was we did a household level plot site plan and service plan for all of these households. Just these 200 households. So, students went there, they were given appropriate training by the Kila Research Associates who are with you. They were given training and they went there, they measured the different aspects set back distance from boundary wall to the structure and they made a proper drawing which was later converted into AutoCAD. And now we have 83 drawings of all 200 households. And this will eventually help us in deciding what is the appropriate technology for them. So, that is one data set which we have at our disposal which will aid us in decision making. So, coming to the socio-economic study and the questionnaire which I earlier talked about. So, this questionnaire has been, has been piloted as well as revised many times over. I am now parameters which are there the questionnaire and the relevance of the same and how it will eventually help us in preparing a proposed action plan ok. So, firstly we need the family composition. We need to understand the per capita water consumption of the households in order to design a system yes. So, how do we calculate that? How many people are living? How many people are living yes. But once you get the source of water quantity of water and family composition. How do you calculate the total amount of wastewater which is there? 80 percent. 80 percent of the water gets converted to wastewater. So, that is something which is critical because while designing a system we need to understand the wastewater quantity generated. So, this is a critical data which needs to be collected. The current liquid based disposal practices which are there to identify whether that particular practice is happening properly or we need to retrofit that system. So, for all these things then we were looking first during our winter school I think this was covered yesterday. During our winter school we found that many of the septic tanks which people mentioned were septic tanks were actually so fits. One of the questions is whether the bottom was sealed or not the material which was used for construction, the shape of that septic tank, the number of chambers and. So, usually the septic tank there are three main kinds of septic tank which is there in which is found in our country one is the ring type. So, the middle one is the ring type one which is not actually a septic tank it is a soap wherein you just keep rings on top of each other there is no bottom and then you close it. And this is one question which you will be asking them that what is the sidewall made of is it ring type. The second is the masonry structure which is shown here that is another kind of septic tank it is a mason brick and mortar masonry structure. And the last one is the brief FRP or plastic septic tanks alright these are the different kinds of septic tank which are found and only these two are proper scientific septic tanks. Since it is rings there is a possibility of water leaking from the sides and ends and there is no insulation there is no cementing which has been done. So, ok another question which is of importance is the distance between wall and septic tank and according to Kerala municipality building rules the minimum of 7.5 meter distance should be there between the wall and septic tank. This especially is critical because of the fact that most of the water the groundwater wells tub wells as well as tube wells in Alapura are contaminated we will be looking at the data in some time. The distance between the wells as well as the septic tank is also important and that is also another parameter which was identified. The width of the approach rule to check accessibility in case of installation of the new system the land occupied by the existing system and land which is available for new system and the willingness to install a new system. So, their consent was asked for whether they want a new system to be installed. This is the as you can see these are the survey numbers which are there pretty densely populated but these are pretty much densely populated the number of households which are surveyed were 200 this happened in the most recent survey which happened in October in which I told you that they made site plans and service plans for the households each household. So, this the what the analysis is of that particular survey data. Some of them were not surveyed the total population was found to be 810 and the household size was found to be 4.0 these are the system. The plot says distribution if we see below 3 cents it is almost 21 percent this one below 3 cents is 21 percent 3 to 5 cents is 28 percent 5 to 7 cents 14 percent 7 to 10 cents also 14 percent and above 10 cents 23 percent. You know how much is a cent right? Nobody knows how much anybody who does not know can raise their hands. 40 meter square okay 40 meter square approximately 40 meter square. So, you can you have an idea of the area of the households now colony and people are living there in small small settlements and it is only it is only 3 to 5 cents there household area they using a community toilet though they have individual systems in their place but some of the there is a community toilet also please. And this is an area where individual systems identifying or sorry designing and installation of individual systems would become very difficult as it can below the toilet and there is no place other than that for them. So, we need to go in for a community level system. Profile of the Margaumachal sub canal you can see there are a lot of undulations here and this is the corrected level of the corrected reduced level of the sub canal. So, this is how the canal level should be so that proper flow happens whereas this is how it is currently okay and for this canal level to be achieved almost 948 meter cubes of sludge has to be desilleted and removed from these canals. Now this is the household site and the service plan which was made for the for these 200 households this is the template which was followed who are doing the survey along with you. They have gone to each household in a paper they have collected these details. You know what is the setback what is how much is there a well or where is the septic tank what is the distance between each structure and the service plan also where are the water pipes where is the meter water meter all these details were collected they converted into a yeah. This one okay so you know that canals for proper flow should be a certain canal profile which must be maintained a certain gradient which must be maintained right. Now the problem with the sub canals is that during the course of all these years a lot of soil waste has been deposited a lot of sediments have been deposited a lot of encroachments have been there and that has obstructed the flow right. So for proper flow to be maintained there is a need for desillaging but then how do you understand how much desillaging has to be done that is a question right. So for that there was a levelling survey which was done during the summer school by civil engineering students who understood that which have to be taken out from it it has to be desillected it has to be deslugged. So that is what I said almost 940 meter cubes of sludge deposited at the end of the canal have to be taken out and that process has happened. It has to be treated after taking out. Yes it has to be treated after taking out. In fact it has to be dried and it has to be processed properly yes. So we have a space here for treatment. The question about what are we going to do with the sludge after we take it out. The irrigation department has identified certain, you know that you know like 2 kilometers from here the Kupinad ecosystem starts the Veberad and the Veberad ecosystem is like 1 to 3 meters below sea level and it is a rice growing system and rice is grown like you know by making bunds around the you know shallow backwaters and the water is pumped out and that is how it is built. So these outer bunds need a lot of reinforcement. So they are going to use it for that. But now it is kind of you know they are making concrete bunds and all it is not eco friendly. So that is one of the reasons why the floods happen also. So we are planning to utilize that for that. So you talk to the participants, the government and the government to your design of policy. But what is the specific element in North Africa in which it involves the local community who design the Veberad analysis? It cannot be you know these things cannot be planned with everybody there. And we should be and I told you honestly yesterday that I didn't see any community. I didn't see any citizen. We go out and ask people they won't participate. I was very clear about that yesterday. So that is why we need somebody to kind of trigger this. That is a student citizen who will go and talk with them and you know kind of make them kind of participate in what way. Segregation they should do. You know they should be paying for the use of me. You know that is the kind of participation that we kind of you know. And then of course if there is a polluter the committee should kind of come together and you know kind of tell that. For all that you need kind of very what you call committed two or three people who should be kind of doing that. Otherwise everybody coming is a very romantic concept you know. Deliberative democracy and things like that. So coming from an also designed background we study how participation process works. Through what is the designing policy and these model of the local people in the organization. Somehow ensures the long lasting. So currently the synodic is created because of functional attachment. People hadn't had use of them that's why it started in the UK. So even after the implementation there is no functional attachment to the local community. How we can ensure that it stays that way. Small canals is very difficult to get a utility that way. Small canals. Because you will see that you know. It's actually something like 1 to 3 meters wide you know. It's very difficult to kind of. So the first thing is to not make them raise. That's the first thing. The utility is being made to the big canals. I don't know whether everybody was there when I started the beginning. Last one 1.5 kilometer stretch we are going to have it as a. More heritage area. Where people are the youth in alipay are going to see the utility of the canal. By the tourism future that they have. So one thing is you know a hop in hop out. Board system. Where instead of the auto rickshaw and go on there is currently tourist use. Can you have a hop in hop out. Board system which can actually run through half of the canal at least. Or maybe the full length of the canal also. And that will actually bring an aeration. And you know it will actually kind of you know. Rejuvenate the system also in a way that that's one way. Second on both sides the canal having you know shops and you know. Kind of parks and those kinds of areas. Which will make some kind of a utility of the major canals. But then to make the major canals clean. Minor canals have to be. There's an association between the local community. And if they feel like they there's a ownership in all of theirs. There's a stick in all of them. I have been in this business of participation for the last 20 years. And so with no offense as men. In urban context it's very difficult for people to kind of spontaneously participate. And it's very difficult for utility to be kind of identified everywhere. If you have a plan you are most welcome. We will try it out. But I am not from my experience and my personal experience in alopee. I spent at least kind of maybe more than 100 days in alopee. You know now. And I belong to here also my father's place in alopee. So looking at all that you know working here. I'm not very optimistic that there will be a huge community participation. The community is fragmented into ethnicity. Like caste, class, gender, politics. All these kinds of things. And why should they participate? They have to run for their livelihoods every morning. Otherwise it should be like a very community like the Bangalore case. Where there would be some people who could actually kind of spend their time. I don't see small towns have a Bangalore model also. Or the Sabarmathi community I don't know what it is. So those kinds of things may not work in alopee is what I think. But you are most welcome. If you have any idea. So this is the question which we have asked during summer school. As to how oil and waste is disposed on households. And all the green ones are accepted according to the people. Now when you go to the next slide. You see that when we tested whether there is actually a septic tank or a soap pit. We found that all the green ones which they have listed were actually soap pits. Most of them are plastic. It is FRP. Fibre is most plastic. Okay so coming to black water analysis. Okay so almost 55% of the septic tank. The outfall is to a soap pit. There is no outfall for almost 25% and for 17% the outfall is to the ground. That is the first graph. This is as I said every septic tank it must have an outfall into a soap pit. So that it functions efficiently. Because the outfall it consists of a pretty high VOD effluent. Which is directly released into the ground can contaminate the groundwater. As well as when it reaches the sapkinal it can contaminate the surface water. So this particular graph. This particular map is of the different black water disposal methods which are being used by the people. In the Chathunad area. In the pilot area the Markov-Machod sapkinal. So you can see that most of the people there it is in red. They are using a leach fit for black water disposal. Very few of them are using a septic tank. And only at one place there is a community septic tank. Coming to grey water analysis. You know the grey water directly into the drain. And they admitted to and during our survey. One thing they don't have any idea about how damaging it can be. How much polluting it can be. When we look at the water in the drains more than black water. We find that there are elements of grey water there due to high TSS. The total suspended solids in the water is pretty high. Whereas the BOD is not that much. This was according to a water quality which was done earlier. Now there is high TSS and low BOD that indicates that there might be more black water. Sorry grey water contamination than black water contamination. Only 15.5% people have a leach fit for grey water. The rest of them almost 55 plus 27% they either release it into the drain or to the ground. So grey water remains to be one of the important streams of wastewater flow which have to be restricted. And built in. So again here is the grey water disposal methods. Near by drain you can see that there are a lot of red dots. Well to septic tank distance which we have measured earlier. Now when we couple it with the water quality analysis. We can see that out of the duck wells, out of the whole number of duck wells around 261 of them were tested for water quality. And almost 93% of them had E. coli contamination which is the same in most parts of Kerala. If you look at normal water it is contaminated and it makes sense. There is no septic or sieverage network here. Septic tank effluency eventually finds a place to the groundwater with disease instances. Kerala should be a hotbed of epidemics throughout the year. What was being boiled right? Most of the places where we found these high levels of contamination the people there had one or two cases of dengue or in the past year. I mean we would have expected every year for them to get some sort of diseases. Waterborne diseases at least. Now this is an analysis of the survey. I am asking a question on whether the septic tank has a ventilation pipe or not. If a ventilation pipe is not maintained it can affect the efficiency of the septic tank. And also it can provide to be a problem to the structural integrity of the septic tank. When ventilation pipes they release all the anaerobic the by-products of the anaerobic reaction H2S and methane into the air and not having it might affect the integrity. System for grey and black water is not separated it can again affect the efficiency of the system. Now septic tank one it is always optimal to have low water content in any anaerobic pigment system. Once you dilute it then the process takes quite some days. The settling process will take days. There will be large water flows to be handled. So it is always better to separate the waste streams and then treat them. Size appropriateness again for designing a system as well as maintaining an optimal level. Because there must be an optimal level of sludge in the system for the aerobic digestion process to actually happen. So it is important that the septic tank is size appropriate for that particular household. Yeah the presence of mosquito-proofing can ventilation the pipes they usually have a mosquito-proofing net on top of them. This is just as a public health hazard. This is according to CPHEO but then many of the places we see that these things are not taken care of and ideally they should be in place. Frequency of using toilet cleaners over usage of toilet cleaners like hard pick it may affect the biological degradation process. All these are chemicals which can affect the health of the bacteria and other microorganisms. So these are even the detergents in the grey water for that matter. They contain surfactants and these can affect the cell walls right. They can kill those organisms and it eventually affects again affects the efficiency of transectic water. So that is again one more reason to separate both the black water as well as the grey water streams. Order from the septic tank or each bit operational problems in the system. Especially when there is no n-pipe in place and you have an order from septic tank then it indicates to a leakage and there are households. So below each of them I have stated the result also. There are at least nine houses which have reported this. In the municipal community sorry the Marcoma church can actually and those houses have to be investigated. So these houses have been marked. We have the data about which house has which problem associated with this. Also frequency of using toilet cleaners. There are natural toilet cleaners available. There are toilet cleaners which can be made from or you use citrus roots for that. And salt. Salt is usually ok. And sorry. Yeast. I have heard of baking soda also. Baking soda also. The only problem is that for toilet there is this. Harpik has made that white sanitary you know look of it very aspirational. So if it even dims a little if it becomes a shade darker. We associate that with dirty toilets right. So these cleaners can actually be used in our households. But then they won't give you that particular bleached effect ok yeah. So that is the problem with these natural cleaners. And so that means that there has to be a change in the way it is perceived. In which cleanliness is perceived in the first place for people to accept these natural cleaners. And which I am pretty sure is going to take a lot of time. When we talk of perception change or behavior change. That is not a one day or a one campaign you know process. It takes education to actually change it. So that is a dream which may or may not be possible in our lifetime. But let us at least try to promote natural cleaners. And there might be households which are off. There might be households which don't. So that means that frequency of using toilet cleaners must be reduced at least. So from these all these data which we have. There are two recommendations that we propose. I will tell you about the municipal colony area right. Of dense settlement of you know marginal communities. Who have very less space. And the other households which we have detailed about having. For no proper septic tanks in place. So there are two particular approaches which can be taken. So community level treatment unit for the municipal colony area. Which is in progress right now. And the second is household appropriate technology option for the rest of the households. For all the rest of the households. We do have the site plan service plan. Their current system in place. What is the problem with their current systems. The amount of wastewater which is being generated. All the details about all that. As well as whether they are willing to install a new system or not. So all these data can help us in arriving at a contextual. At having a contextual understanding of the system in place. And also arriving at a technology specific for that particular household.


Walking with Jesus Walking every day All along the way for I am more Walking with Jesus In the shadows Walking in the sunshine Walking every day Walking with Jesus Let's pray Thank you God for this day Thank you for the gift of life Now as we want to start the children's sermon Help your children to understand what we are saying In Jesus name I pray Amen This month with the junior class Have been presenting the children's sermon My name is Kayla This month has been Gospel in chain Today we study from the book of Acts chapter 24 Get your Bibles and join along with us Our topic is Before Gavanna Felix To remind ourselves of what to learn Last Sabbath Last Sabbath We saw Paul defend himself Before the son Henry And got so angry Because they wanted to kill him Paul was then taken By the Roman commander To the barracks So that he can be safe from the Israelites God then appeared to Paul and encouraged him To be cheerful Paul was then taken to Sicily And judged by Gavanna Felix Who put Paul in prison as they waited For the son Edrin to come Thanks for that reminder guys Children after five days How many days did I say? Five days My priest came to Sicily With some people Who are these people guys? Ananus came with some elders And an orator named Tetelus And they appeared before Felix Wait, who's an orator? Those days is like a lawyer today Tetelus had been hired By the elders to speak on their behalf The one that he was using Some sweet words before Gavanna Felix Actually Divite Tetelus ones were filled with lies One lies when he said that the Jews Enjoyed great peace If they really did enjoy great peace God will not need 7472 soldiers To escort him to Caesarea Wow, that's interesting And another lie is He called Felix the most noble Gavanna Felix was a very corrupt person And will ask for bribes to release prisoners Wow, and why was Tetelus lying? He wanted Gavanna Felix To favour him and the elders But he was threatened by Gavanna Felix That the Jews would attack the Romans If they didn't put Paul in prison Isn't that He called Paul a ringleader of the group of Nazarenes The lawyer was referring to the Christians As the Nazarenes Because they followed Jesus of Nazareth And we see him continuing lying about What happened in Jerusalem and why they arrested him Tetelus said that Paul made the temple unholy While in fact he purified himself for 7 days Before going to the temple Satan must have been very happy But the truth will always win Paul was given a chance to speak And he spoke very differently From Tetelus the lawyer What did he say? Paul does not use so many sweet words full of lies Paul talks politely to Gavanna Felix He said he appreciates the years of experience In judging that he had That's much better What happened next? Felix came with his wife Tusila Who was a Jew In some way, Felix understood the laws And rituals of the Israelites So Felix invited someone And so Felix understood the ways of the Israelites No wonder even the experience What took place afterwards? Paul continued speaking and explaining to Felix What happened within the 12 days he arrived in Jerusalem And challenged his accusers to prove His accusations against him But they did not That's interesting That is so interesting Indeed, very interesting Export Paul into prison Sad, sad, sad Yes, because while there Paul's friends were allowed to visit him But being in prison also kept Paul Being safe from being killed by Jews Wow, God is so wonderful Was Paul released from prison? Yes divine After a few days Felix and his wife, Brusila Went to listen to Paul Preach about doing the writing Self-control and judgment God never lets us down But sadly Felix told Paul to stop talking Why? Felix felt judged because he was very corrupt He wanted Paul to give him money So that he would let him free from prison That's why he sent for him very many times Just when I thought Felix was becoming a good man What happened next? Paul stayed in prison for two years Because Felix did not want the Jews To start a fight with the Romans Then Felix was replaced by a new governor Called Festus Oh Festus That's where the chapter ends But we'll learn that next time Anyways Why don't we tell the children what lessons we learned today? We learned that we should always tell the truth No matter what situation we are facing As God's followers We should follow what is written in the Bible If anything disagrees with it Then we shouldn't do it Last but not least God always has a good plan for allies Even though it may not seem like it Like Paul being in prison Not protecting him from the Jews Children Next about We will see Paul being judged before Festus Good Children And even when we pray to God And ask him to help us He will help us For God does not let his children down Now I want you guys to join us in singing The first song is sung Let us stand up and sing it Walking with Jesus Walking every day All along the way With Jesus Walking with Jesus Walking in the shadows Walking in the sunshine Walking every day All along the way Walking with Jesus Listen to the children, salmon Bless us as we continue Worshiping in your Sabbath day In Jesus name we pray Amen