So today, we're gonna talk about saving Ruby from the apocalypse, and this is the second part of the future of Ruby, the present. So if you're just in her last talk, you saw Justin and Josh take us through kind of the history of the language, and this talk will kind of continue that story. So hello, my name is Jason. You can find me on Twitter. Sometimes I ramble about useless things on my blog. And because I live the dad life now, obligatory family photo, also because they're super supportive in letting me do things like this. So I wanted to give my family a shout out. By day, I'm a senior engineer at a company called Lens Reynolds. I'm just curious who in here is heard of Lens Reynolds. Awesome. For the rest of you, I have a question. You picked up that I probably worked for a rental company, but you're probably confused about what we rent, because that's always the question I get. So I'm gonna pull you. Who thinks that maybe we rent eyeglasses? Maybe camera equipment? We just rent some person's name, Lynn, they're all their shit, we just rent it out. Anybody think that? We're a camera rental company. So if you ever hear me say Lens Reynolds, that's what I'm referring to. Okay, so I just told you we're gonna be looking at Ruby and the present. But today I need your help because I need your imagination. In order to safely look at the present, we've gotta go to the future. And I've been to the future. I've just returned from the year 2020, and things are rough. And specifically, I checked on how you were doing. And honestly, I think it's just better if I tell you your story. So you've just woken up. You're not sure where you are. You think you're in a hospital room, you got an IV attached to you. Your throat's all dry, so you try and call out for a nurse. Nurse, nurse!  Nurse, you scream, but one of the bodies come in the room.  Nobody ever comes. In fact, nothing happens.   And on that couch is your backpack.  But you're excited because, well, that's your backpack. So really one problem is now you've got to get out of bed and get to the couch. So you decide, okay, I'm gonna do this. One, two, three, and you've fallen back on the bed. So discourage, say, okay, I'm gonna do this one more time. So one, two, three, and you're up. So you start the slow walk from the couch, from the bed to the couch. Every step's a little stronger than the last. And you finally make it over there.  Well, you see all the clothes you were wearing last.  Yes, your cell phone. That will have all the answers.   So you make your way out in the hall. You look to the left, you look to the right, and you're in a ghost town pretty much. So you start to make your way down the hall. And as you do that, you hear boom, boom, and the noises get louder and louder. So as you reach into the hall, you see an elevator with the doors open and the booms keep getting louder. The noise is coming from inside the elevator. So you take a peek down in the elevator shaft, scared, but you do it anyway, and you're greeted by zombies. A container of dead-looking creatures slapping their lifeless bodies against the metal walls of this elevator. It's okay until one tries to reach for you.  You get yourself off the ground, take off running to the exit sign. And at this point, you don't know where you are, but, well, it's not where you remember being. So you make your way outside, and in fact, it's just a normal sunny day. Except everything's different. The world seems empty now. So just about a maybe a quarter mile away, you see a road and you say, okay, I'm gonna make my way to that road. As you get closer and closer, you start to hear a car coming. It's loud. You walk out on the street, it sees you, it slams on its brakes. The smoke clears in. It's DHH.  So you're riding in the car with DHH, and naturally you're filled with questions like, what are your thoughts on single page web applications? Why should I still use Rails? Do you still think TDD is dead? But instead, you decide to ask the most burning question at the moment. What's going on here? Where am I? He explains that the rest of the world, for the most part, hasn't changed at all. But an epidemic on software developers has broken out. There were too many languages, too many tools, too many libraries, and decision fatigue, if you will, became so bad that developers were unable to cope with being able to select the right tool for the job. They began to slowly lose their brains and turn into zombies. Once this happened, there was no choice but to isolate all the developers. We had to protect society. Afraid and rightfully confused, you ask where he's taking you. And he says, I'm taking you to the only thing you have left. So as you get closer to your destination, David explains that, well, developers decided to form camps all throughout. The camps ended up kind of as silos, PHP camp, Java camps, and well, obviously there's a Ruby camp, and that's where David's taking you. He explains that actually, very few Ruby developers turned into zombies during the outbreak. So in the distance, you see a shiny diamond-shaped object, and it begins to beautifully reflect the sun. And as you get closer, you realize it's the Ruby camp, or a base camp, if you will. You see some smiling faces writing code embracing the expressive, beautiful language that you know and love. Hooray. As you exit the car, David wishes you farewell. You close the door, stand up, take a good stretch, turn around and you're greeted by another familiar face. It's Matt. He shows you around, you get to connect with old friends, meet new ones, and learn to embrace this post-apocalyptic world that you're now a part of. Everyone is so friendly, and it turns out Matt's Be Nice motto applies in the post-apocalyptic world too. It's also possible that that didn't say be nice before the keynote this morning. So you think at this point, well, Hacker News finally got it right. Ruby's dead. But just with every time in the past you've heard this statement, you're confused because, well, you look around and there's tons of people using Ruby Stone. Either way, you're confused, but you're happy to be safe. You grab a bunk, you get a good night's sleep. The next morning over breakfast, you start to ask around. You start hearing these frightening stories of how we know we've made software so complex and we've isolated so much and it's just there's no hope anymore. Every time we think we have a problem solved a new language comes out and it's shinier and it solves our problem. There's just too many choices, all promising something better. So that leaves you with one burning question, is who's gonna fix this? Weeks start to go by, you start to become despondent, maybe a little sad, you miss life as it was before, and you wanna know, well, how can life return to normal? So you put on your thinking face and you say, what can Ruby do to prevent more developers returning into zombies? Well, Ruby itself is already pretty powerful language, what seems to be the problem? You're not really sure, maybe it's time to talk to some others in the group. So over dinner that night, you begin to discuss your plan with a few of your close friends. You ask, can we reverse this? They say, well, we've tried. No one can hear or see us through all the noise that all the other programming languages are making. Everyone is promising the best and well, we just can't do it, we've tried. Disappointed, you let the conversation go on to something else. Eventually you call it a night and decide you'll try again tomorrow. The next morning you ask Matt to go on a walk and he agrees, so you start strolling around the camp. He explains that ever since the outbreak, he's been trying to keep Ruby alive. He actually emphasizes that, well, he doesn't believe Ruby's dead, but he tells you that he can't keep it alive alone, not him or the core team. It requires more and you ask, how can I help? But before you can finish your question, he's called away. How frustrating. You love Ruby and all you want to do is fight for its survival. Others have tried, some are still trying, but it just feels like a wasted effort.  You get up, you go to the campfire and you're just dreaming of a simpler, happier time in Ruby, much like the one you saw in the previous talk. And it hits you, you've got to step up, you've got to be the one to save Ruby. So excited to save Ruby, you decided to take some time to problem solve.  Well, Ruby isn't necessarily the shiniest language anymore. Other programming languages are coming out and they're so popular and they solve all the world's problems. People are kind of being jerks about Ruby on the internet now. And developers are moving on and just abandoning these libraries that we rely on. So you think, okay, before I try to figure out more problems, dig into solution, I want to reach out to other people. I want to go to these other camps and learn what other programming languages have done because surely they've all been in this situation. They're in it right now. So without changing Ruby the language, are there any ideas that I can bring back to the code? Anything that might be introduced, anything I can learn from other languages? So you spend weeks traveling around, trying to find these developers, anyone who will talk to you. You go to the Python camp. You go talk to PHP developers, Java developers. You even talk to .NET developers, Elixir developers, and JavaScript developers. You take some time at each camp to understand the problems that they're trying to solve. And the different approaches they take to solve them. And the thing that you learn is that, well, they're all trying to do good. However skewed some of the approaches may be to you, they're taking what they think is the best approach. Warned out from your time at camp, you try and make your way back home. You've had some amazing conversations and you feel good, but on your way back, you hit the JavaScript zombie and he's trying to turn you with all his frameworks and tools. You get past him safely and you're greeted by the PHP zombie of the past, MySQL Connect. It's so easy to deploy. We don't even have object-oriented programming yet. This is our early 2000s PHP zombie. But finally, you safely return to camp.   So maybe the issue isn't that we need to keep Ruby alive, but rather you need to keep Ruby relevant. Okay, that seems more like it. So you identify five problems specifically.  Rather than celebrating pros, people are shouting cons. So if taking action or being the change that people wanna see, they're just ranting, throwing it online and bailing. You see that familiarity breeds contempt. Several people using Ruby before the apocalypse started to find it boring. No longer excited to use it, they just gave up on it. In this future, you also see that libraries are going unmaintain. A scroll through GitHub finds many of these once thriving libraries now abandoned, racking up GitHub issues and making all of our applications forced to become legacy applications. And that, new libraries aren't appearing either. No new ideas are coming in, and people decided it was just best to change, chase these new languages. And finally, this leads to the less products are being built with Ruby. Less people are building products with Ruby, the less Ruby jobs exist. The less relevant Ruby is. So now that you've identified the problems, it's time to talk to the camp. You say, okay, let's look at some ideas on how we can keep Ruby relevant. You said we can talk about Ruby more. Years ago, the internet was filled with articles discussing problems that people solved with Ruby. Now a lot of those articles collect dust. People are talking about leaving Ruby for X, and those discussions, whether fair, they don't help, and that's how we ended up in a mess like this. You challenge everyone to start share what they're learning, any new tricks they learn. Even if you think they're silly, you still share them, because you're excited about them. You challenge people to learn new ideas. You challenge them to look at other programming languages, learn them, learn what they're useful for, and see if there's not any concepts that you can bring back for your own code. You share that there's a lot we can learn from each other, even outside of our own community. Continuing through your solutions to the camp, you bring up once popular libraries now abandoned, and you encourage people to start digging into them. You encourage people to build new libraries. Things change, we have new ideas, new ways to do things, and you encourage everyone to do this. If they don't like the way something is done, write it how they think it should be. Continue to evolve Ruby code by writing Ruby code. And finally, you encourage some of the teams to start building new applications with Ruby. Even if they're not successful, there are some that are, this is successful ones create jobs for Ruby. So armed and ready for battle, your team gets to work. They start writing blog posts, everything they've learned, everything. Oh my God, it's really happening. Okay, so people are blogging about things they learned with Ruby, new tricks they've learned, and the problems they're solving with it. Teams are forming, going out to other camps and learning about how they can solve problems. Eager to learn from others, they've made their way out into unfamiliar terrain in search of growth and new ideas. Libraries, once abandoned, are finding new life from everyday developers like you. Issues are being closed, pull requests are being merged, and people are upgrading their applications, but instead of painful tears, they have tears of joy. People tired of complaining have started to build new libraries with Ruby. They're solving problems with code, improving the ecosystem of Ruby as a whole. The more entrepreneurial types are building products and systems to solve problems. Yeah, this is super uncomfortable. Well, I guess I'm just gonna stand here, and that's a good point. Man, this is uncomfortable. False alarm, all right. Let's back up a little bit then, because I have lost my train of thought. Is that cool? Are y'all good with that? All right. So our libraries, once abandoned, are finding new life from everyday developers like you. Issues are being closed, pull requests being merged, and people are upgrading their applications. People tired of complaining are now building these new tools in libraries. They're solving problems with code, and alongside that, they're improving the Ruby ecosystem as a whole. People are building products and systems. More products require more work, and more work means more Ruby jobs. And people are finally enjoying Ruby again. Others who preach systemized are seeing a renaissance of a language, though never dead appeared stale. Other communities have taken notice, now recognizing Ruby is a relevant language. The world begins to find balance. As developers start to stop turning into zombies, but rather just normal people solving problems with the language they loved. Our silos and camps begin to disbar, and it's safe for Ruby developers at least to enter the world again. Pieces abounded, and software, though, as usual, it won't be the same. So with that absurdly ridiculous story in place, I do wanna talk about the present state of Ruby. And I wanna pose this question, is Ruby dead? I'm always the first to admit that when I see articles like this, I start to believe them because I'm like, oh, it's right, I need to abandon, I need to start looking for a new job, it's time to learn Elixir, it's over. But I started reading those years ago, and I still have a Ruby job, and I still get to come to a conference with many other Ruby developers. So I don't think Ruby's dead. But I do wanna look at something that I'm not ashamed to admit, maybe I don't know as much about as I should. Was anybody familiar with the hype cycle? Okay, so if you're not familiar, I'm gonna give you a very non-official JSON definition of it. According to this, there are any successful technologies goes through these five phases commonly. The first is the technology trigger. This is when a technological idea, maybe a proof of concept, enters into the world. The second is the peak of inflated expectations, and that's the point where people start to believe whether they're right or wrong, that this will solve all the problems.  Third is the trough. Probably said that wrong, but that's what YouTube told me how to pronounce it. The trough of disillusionment. This happens when all those expectations aren't met. People are like, oh, this didn't solve my problem. Fourth is the slope of enlightenment. This is kind of the defining moment in my naive opinion of if a technology is gonna make it or not. This phase is, when the technology has, fourth is the slope of enlightenment. Fourth is the slope of enlightenment. This is the defining moment, oh, not again. In my opinion of a technology, I'll make it or not. This is when people start to actually weigh the pros and cons and make a more justified decision on using a technology. And then there's the plateau of productivity, and this is when things start to bounce out, and the people that know they need to use this technology are using it. They know it's the right tool for the job. So now that we have that wild definition, let's look at that in terms of Ruby, the technology trigger. I should also clarify that I didn't get into Ruby 2012, so I may not understand this at all. But I like to think of this as when Matt's release, sometime in between when Matt's release Ruby in 93 and when Rails came out in the mid-2000s. Somewhere in there I like to think of that as really the technology trigger for Ruby. The peak of inflated expectations. Ruby is the object-oriented language that would rule above all. It's shiny, it makes developers happy. All these people are talking about it. Ruby, Ruby, Ruby, Ruby. Disillusionment. Oh, Ruby's too slow, it's just a toy language. Well, the language didn't solve those people's problems, but I don't know that they maybe ever claimed to solve those people's problems. Slope of enlightenment. We know what we can get from Ruby, we know its weaknesses, and businesses are building all kinds of apps with Ruby. It's been adopted. And then finally, Ruby's mature. And that's why I think we are today. I think we're on this plateau. And many of us, well, probably all of us, use Ruby every day. It's one of my main tools. And to me, there's not much to talk about Ruby per se anymore, but I still love to share about it. We have everything we need and we're getting work done using Ruby. So with that said, is Ruby dead? No. I feel so strongly about it, I made a website for it. Isrubydead.com. Next time you're not sure, I'll keep it updated. So just because Ruby isn't dead doesn't mean that we don't have to fight for relevancy. So what are some ways we can keep Ruby relevant? Well, you already know how to do that because you saved the world earlier. Talk about Ruby more. Learn some new ideas. Help maintain abandoned libraries. There are two specific examples I can give you of this right now. The first one is this talk is online. It's Richard Schneemann at RailsConf 2016 talking about how he became the maintainer of Sprockets. When you were sitting in that talk, like I was, it was a wild first three minutes and you did not know what was going on, but it's really good. The next is an article that was actually just in Wired Magazine that about Justin Searles who was just up here, about him taking responsibility for RSpec Given after the passing of Jim Wiredrick. So we know where these libraries are. We know when they start to feel stale or haven't been updated in a while. Anytime we introduce one at work, I always look first when it's the last commit. Build new libraries. When you learn new ideas, do you think you have a better way to solve a problem? Just make it a gym, share it with the world. Even if it doesn't become the next big thing, it might help someone else and that helps keep Ruby relevant. Build the next Rails if you feel like you need to. Build new products with Ruby. You might be thinking, oh, I'm not really one that wants to build a product and sell it, but if you are, if you build a successful product, which is really hard, but if you build a successful product, you create more jobs with Ruby and more Ruby jobs mean that this influx of junior developers we have can start getting jobs. Ruby can stay relevant, Ruby can continue to grow. And I'd like to add one more. Teach people Ruby. There's a lot of times I have friends who ask me, how did you get into programming? Well, I just stumbled upon it. I am a college dropout because I'm really bad at math. And Ruby, it like, it means a lot to me and so I want to share that with my friends who want to learn it. So you ask Jason, why do you care so much? Spend time with me and you'll learn that I really love this language. There's a lot of reasons, but mostly is that it literally changed my life. Like I said, it wasn't, I was a college dropout. It wasn't until I was in college in computer science that I knew I wanted to be a programmer and Ruby helped me bridge that gap from being a college dropout to full-time employed senior software developer. It made these complex things more approachable for me. And the thing is, I know I'm not alone. I've talked to many people in this community and they have similar experiences like mine. Is Ruby perfect? No. But I'd be lying if I didn't say it still doesn't bring me joy to use every day. It makes solving certain kind of boring problems fun for me. It's a point now where it's mature, battle-tested, stable, and it may not be the shiny hip tool, but it doesn't mean that it's irrelevant. At the end of the day, a programming language is more than just the language itself. It's the entire ecosystem around it. So when I say ecosystem, I mean, it's the community. It's the tools we build, it's the libraries. It's the type of problems we're trying to solve. Just because we don't have commit access to Ruby, or at least I don't, doesn't mean that we can't make a difference. So next time you think Ruby is dying, see if there's a way maybe you can do your part. Like I said, you can find me on the internet here. I have stickers for GoRails. My buddy Chris Oliver sent me with. And stickers for Prompt. If you don't know what either of those two things are, come see me. I'm super shy, so if you come talk to me, then I will not stop talking to you. And thank you. And also, thank you for clapping, so I didn't have to use this slide.


of the most simplest shapes you can deal with, right? Because there's really one thing that decides the size of a circle, which is the radius, right? And as long as you don't have it on a coordinate system, then you don't care where the center is. Because if I draw a circle that is, here, five centimeters long or with a radius of five centimeters, you guys can create the exact same circle wherever you are, right? If I put a coordinate system on here, it becomes a little bit more complicated because now we have to worry about the center of the circle, okay? So keep that in mind. Let's assume for us right now, because we want to simplify the circle, what we're going to do, we're going to create a circle that we can easily scale up or down, right? So what's the easiest number that you can scale up or down? The easiest number is the number one, right? So what mathematicians ended up doing was referencing R as number one, right? Or not number one, but they're calling the radius as one unit, right? So this guy here is one. The length of it is one. If the length of this is one, what would the coordinates of this point be? What would the coordinates of this point be? What would the coordinates of this point be? Right? If the radius of this thing is one, then this here would be the length one, right? So this coordinate here, let me do a little bit of cleaning up here. Let me take these guys out. We don't need the motions. Take these guys out. Nice. That's simplified a little, right? Let's put our line back here. So if the radius of this guy, the length of it is one, then this coordinate here is one and zero. This coordinate here becomes zero and one. This coordinate here becomes negative one and zero. This coordinate here becomes zero and negative one, right? Based on our Cartesian coordinate system, okay? As soon as you set the radius equal to one, we call this the unit circle, unit circle, okay? We call the unit circle because you can scale this up or down easily, right? Scale it up, scale it down, multiply by one, the radius. It's super easy to do, right? Now take a look at this. If that's the case, let's try to figure out what X and Y can be in terms of an equation, okay? Now I'm going a little bit beyond the radians right now. We're going to incorporate it, link it up with this, right? But here's our angle, right? As who was it that said this? I think it was Fly that mentioned this, right? If we use our trig ratios here, if we want the sine of this angle, right? Where we're going to do this? Let's do this here, okay? If you want a sine of theta here, sine of theta is A opposite over the hypotenuse, right? For here, it's Y over R, Y over R. The cos theta, cos is going to be X over R and tan of theta is going to be Y over X, right? Now keep this in mind. If this is a unit circle where the radius is one, what's R here? R is just going to be one. So this guy here, if we cross multiply this up when R is one, then Y is equal to sine theta and X is equal to cos theta because you're doing cross multiplying that up and that's just a one, right? So on a unit circle, our Y here really represents sine theta and our X here really represents cos theta. If that's the case, right? Then X and Y are just cos theta and sine theta.  Just taking a little bit more before we get into the radians, right? So what we ended up doing was taking a circle because we wanted to understand how a circle behaves, right? And put it on a Cartesian coordinate system, broke it down to four quadrants, right? That simplified it because as soon as we understand what's going on here, then the flip of this, mirror this, that's almost the same thing. Well, it is the same thing and then mirror it, same thing, mirror it again, same thing. So as long as we can understand what's going on here and use a little bit of logic, we know exactly what's going on in the whole circle, right? Now for us, we want to simplify a little bit more so we make the radius one to simplify the equations. Y now is sine theta, cos now is X is cos theta, right? So these coordinates here are also in terms of cos and sine, but because we're in a negative quadrant, the cos is going to be negative and the sine is positive because we're here. Now, another layer of simplicity that we introduce to the function is we try to eliminate theta in degrees. We try to eliminate the degrees, right? And the way we try to eliminate degrees, we try to represent the angle relative to the radius of the circle, right? So take a look at this. I'm going to erase these guys up here now because we don't need these guys no more because there's no way I can do that here without getting messy. So we need a little bit of repetition here or dry. Wait, did Chico just say beer? Or am I getting thirsty? Martin, you're getting thirsty. How funny. So let me draw this part, okay? Just this part. Take a look at this. So here's our half circle or quarter circle, right? And then this thing continues, right? My circle sucks, by the way. That's a crappy circle. Let me do a little bit of draw.  Let's bring this over. Half a circle. Now here's our radius. Here's our theta. And mathematicians are lazy, so they try to simplify things as best they could, right? So instead of having degrees here, because there's two variables we have here, right? Because if we're standing here and we want to understand or have an appreciation of us moving around the circle, then what we can do is say, hey, go radius r angle theta here. But what we can do is reference angle in degrees and convert this to theta in radians r, okay? And the r, radians, radius, right? Radians, I'm going to write this. Radians, radians, radius, radius, right?  So what we end up doing is instead of saying move an angle here, we say move a distance here. Okay. That's, I don't think I did. I was going to use it saying, oh, how many slices of pizza we're going to do. That's why I never did Coolio. I got lost in my explanation of what radians are, right? So what is a radian, right? Here, ask yourself this. What is a radian? We'll bring the pizza in there, Coolio. Okay. One radian, okay, because we're trying to change units. We're trying to eliminate one unit, which is degrees and introduce a new unit radians and our definition of one radian. So definition, definition, one radian is equal to moving along the arc length of the circle equivalent to one radius, right? So this distance from here to here, we're going to represent in R. One radian equals moving along arc length one radius. So just imagine this. Let's assume R here. This was equal to five units. Whatever those units might be centimeters, meters, kilometers, inches, millimeters, feet. It doesn't make a difference. If you move along this, if the radius is five units and I ask you to move along the arc length of the circle, the equivalent of five units, that means you've traveled one radian. Okay. Does that make sense? Let's do, I'm going to erase this and we're going to zoom into what we're talking about here. So I'm going to take all of this down. Okay. I'm working with limited space, so I'm trying to piece it together as a puzzle. The playlist we created is definitely more coherent than what we're doing here, but let's do it. It'll make sense once we start talking about it, once we expand on this a little bit, right? So take a look at this. So mathematicians trying to feet inches, pepperoni squares, or the pepperoni chicho. So take a look at this. Let's draw this. So what's your definition of a radian? The definition of a radian is if you travel one radian, it means you've gone to equivalent of the radius, the same length as one radius along the arc length, right? So let's draw another circle. Instead of making a generic unit circle where the radius is one, let's call the radius 10, right? Now if you traveled here 10 units, then what would the angle be here in radians? Right? I want a pizza. You know what will go great with a pizza, Martin? Beer. Beer. One. Right? So if I ask you travel, if you're standing here, travel along this arc length, three radians. Right? How far are you going to go here? Where are you going to be? Beer. 40. Right? So if you're traveling three radians along the arc length, that means you're going to go three more links of the radius along the arc length. So you're already at 10, you're going to go three more, which is 30 more. So I'm going to go, there's one. There's another one. There's another one. Right? So now you're going to be here and you've traveled from there to there is now 40. Right? So what you've done, you've changed the unit of measurement for angle and related to the radius. So you no longer need degrees. Right? Degrees becomes irrelevant. Now how does this play out? Well, check this out. What's the circumference of a circle? So circumference of a circle is 2 pi r. Right? And circumference of a circle means the distance you've gone all the way around the circle. Right? That's what a circumference of a circle is. 2 pi r. Nice. 2 pi r.  It looks messy when I look at it on the screen. It looks cleaner when I take it out. Right? 2 pi r. I have some kombucha instead. I hear it's good for, yeah, kombucha would be amazing actually with pizza. Right? Pizza with lots of greens and feta, mushrooms. So circumference of a circle is 2 pi r. Right? That means the distance you travel from here all the way around is this. Right? Now how many degrees do you go when you travel all the way around a circle? It's 360 degrees. Right? Now what does 2 pi r mean when it comes to the radius of a circle? Well, when you're talking radians, the r, if you're measuring this thing in radians, the r is really the radius of this thing. Right? So when you travel around the circle, the distance you're going, the angle you're going around the circle is equivalent to 2 pi. If you travel 2 pi radians around the circle, it means you've gone all the way around the circle once. Right? If you start off here, if you go 2 pi radians, 2 times pi, pi is 3.14, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. So it's 6.28. So there are 6.28, et cetera, radiuses around a circle. Right? So the way you can do conversions is by proportionality, by ratios. What you can do is say 360 degrees is equivalent to 2 pi radians, radians, the units of it. Right? So if you ever need to convert from degrees to radians, the ratio you're going to use is going to be 360 over 2 pi has to be equal, angle in degrees divided by radians. Okay? So let me do a little example here. So for example, let's assume you had a circle. Here's a circle. Here's our coordinate system. Right? Let's assume you were standing here. Oops. Right? It's flying. Right? Theta. Let's assume our angle here, theta was 50 degrees. Right? And we ask ourselves how many radians is that equivalent to? Then your absolute unit conversion, your scale factor, your conversion, here is 360 is equal to 2 pi. 360 degrees is equal to 2 pi radians. Right? Radiuses around a circle. So what you can do is go 360 degrees over 2 pi has to be degrees over radians, which becomes 360 over 2 pi has to be equal 50 degrees over x or r.  Right? Let's call this x. x. And then we can just cross multiply. So x is equal to 2 pi times 50 is 100 pi divided by 360. So x is going to be equal to kill 0. 2 goes into this 5 times 2 goes into this 18 times is 5 pi over 18. Right? So the angle here in radians that's equivalent to 50 degrees is 5 pi over 18 radians. I'm sorry if that wasn't fluid enough because I was trying to read the comments and do this at the same time. I actually haven't done this explanation this year yet to my students because they haven't hit it yet. The grade 12s. Right? Actually, I'm just picking up a grade 12 student. Now, for some reason right now my students are younger. But this is basically the flow of what a radian is. Radian is mathematician is us trying to simplify a circle by referencing the angle as a measure relative to the radius as you move around the arc length of a circle. And the relationship you have is 360 degrees is 2 pi radians. Right? So whenever you're trying to do unit conversion, convert from radians to degrees, you just go 360 over 2 pi is equal to degree over radians and you put whatever you want here or here and find the unknown. Okay. It is quite good following the explanation. Yeah, he teaches math and physics for a living. He's great at explaining the concept today. I think I explained this a little rough today. Personally, tell you the truth. But it is. I don't know how many hours have been going on. I didn't know. Three and a half hours almost, I guess. If 360 degrees equals 2 pi, then why is C 2 pi R 2 pi? Because the radius decides for here it was 10. The radius decides what the distance says you're traveling around there. Right? This R here is the radius of the circle. Right?  Let's kill this. Yes. Thank you for the penny really dropped really helpful and easy to understand. I need to weight transfer all the knowledge in your brain and put it in my head. Oh, because R is one. Yeah. Because R. Yeah. Sorry. Because it was a unit circle. Right? R was one uptime has been live for three hours and 18 minutes. Nice. Just plug into the matrix, my dude. Yeah. I had a nice stay though. I want to keep steady and going. Cool. I'll be right back. Yeah. Spiderman, enjoy your little breaks. I keep some parts at the top. Okay. Cool. So it made sense. Yeah. It's pretty cool. Trigonometry I love. And we can graph these things. Take a look at this. Here. Let's graph these. I'm going to take all this down. How was this cyclic? How was this cyclic? Let's do a little graph. Let's draw off our circle. And if this was a unit circle and it was right, or it could be unit circle, right? If the radius is one, let's assume we start off here, right? And we want to move around the circle. Okay. What's the highest level of math you teach? I teach a great 12 mathematics and I gone into university and college just a little bit because some of my students when they go there, they go, oh gee, Joe, can you help us out? And they meet with them and they teach them a little bit and stuff like this. But mainly high school mathematics. I don't go, I don't do calculus. I don't do hardcore stats anymore right now anyway. I hope I wish I was doing it personally, but just haven't had the time to review it. If I'm not teaching it, I'm not using it really aside from the numbers I look at myself. If I'm analyzing something such as the COVID-19 data, coronavirus, 19 data, stuff like this, which hopefully will do a little bit of stats on, but the data is not reliable anymore, which is unfortunate, right? It was, it was looking good, but they changed the way they're measuring the things and they're not, they're running out of kids to analyze things. If you knew any six sigma or statistics, I don't know what six sigma is. The normal distribution, the Z score and stuff like this, sure. When you're talking about the Z score, it's X minus X mean over the standard deviation, which gives you the Z score and you do the normal and the stag graph and the area below number and stuff like this. That stuff is fairly straightforward. The confidence of it, no. I've totally forgotten that stuff. I have to reach and the standard deviation. But I have to look at the formulas and stuff. What were we doing? Oh, yeah, we're going to graph this thing. So you watch this. Let's assume we're going to graph sine theta versus theta. Okay. Can go over Gaussian functions, Gaussian functions. Which ones are Gaussian functions? I don't have to look it up. Okay, I've got to look this up. Gaussian function. Now let's come up. I've got to see the Gaussian function. Man, I used to use these things, but I can't remember because I haven't used them for a gazillion years now. Gaussian function. And nothing, Gaussian function, often simply refer to as Gaussian is a function of the form. Show you the form. Oh yeah, now I haven't used these things forever, man. Sorry. No Gaussian functions. Can't do Gaussian functions. Six six months of branch of probability that business is used for quality control. It's cool because a certification is in it are named like martial arts belts. Oh really? There are six sigma black belts out there. Wow.  No, I've never dealt with it. Normal distribution, I think. It's also, oh, Gaussian is normal as well. Is that it? The function looked different. Let me do image search. Oh yes, normal distribution. Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. To give me the function was different. Gaussian, that is a normal distribution. Because standard deviation, the mean, oh yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. I would have to look up the formulas, man. I haven't been using the Gaussian formula. We just used the, yeah, the point minus the mean about a standard deviation. I would, yeah, yeah, I would have to do some serious review to be able to do that, brother. I'm sorry. Or sister, of course. Yeah, really said it. Sorry. So you say, how do I control? Ciclic rate for machine guns. Is this related? Possibly. I don't know. I don't know machine guns. Martin, are you hitting the bureau already? There's even a step above black belt called Gossas. Two names for the same thing, basically. Two names for the same thing. Yeah, it looks like it. Okay, I'm sorry. I wish I could. I wish I could have helped you out. The normal distribution, we can do the basics of it, right? So for example, here, let me just graph this. Just show you this and we'll do one normal distribution, trying to figure out what it is. We'll need the table as well. I'll dig that up. But just imagine this. If this is a unit circle, the radius is one. And we talked about this, where y is equal to sine theta, right? Basically, what that means is the y-axis, where you are on the y-coordinate is sine theta, right? That's why we're going to graph sine theta versus theta. And this is your theta right here. Now, theta, you can measure in radians or you can measure in degrees. Chicho, do you know how to dance? Yes. I think everybody knows how to dance, right? Chicho, please, this is our, all I can hear is the word be, I'm sorry, Martin. No, no, no, no, no, no. Think here, think. Apple. Here, let me give my hand a little wipe. Apple and peanut butter. Really. I'll pop this. So take a look at this. All right. Last graph, y sine theta as we move from here all the way around one cycle. Okay. Now, if you're moving one cycle, one circle, once around the circle, you're moving 360 degrees, right? 360 degrees, which is also equivalent to two pi radians, right? Isn't it helping? I drink, oh yeah, that's right. You drink cider. Sorry, brother. It's also two pi, right? So what we're going to do is we're going to take a look at each of these nodes, where we are at each location. So we're going to break this thing down into four quadrants, right? This is 180 degrees, which is pi. This is 90 degrees, which is pi over two. This is 270 degrees, which is three pi over two. What? Pi over two is 90 degrees. Might as well drink some whiskey then to stop the beer cranks. So take a look at this. If you're here, what's your coordinate here? If you're in a unit circle, the radius is one. The coordinate here is one and zero. And if we're graphing our Y position, because what's happening is, if you stand here, right, your Y position is here.  So as you move around the circle, your Y position is doing this, right? And if you're going to graph this, take a look at this. At this point, you're at one and zero. You're here. So your Y coordinate, this is your Y, you're at zero. When you go up here, because your radius is one, this is zero and one. So you go to one at 90 degrees, because that's 90 degrees. Your Y is one, so you're here. If you go over here, your position here is negative one and zero.  You're back down here. When you come to here, your position here is zero and negative one. So at 270 degrees, you're at zero and negative one. And then when you come back here, you're at zero again. So the graph of you moving around the circle, your Y position looks like this. And then this continues to repeat, because you go around the circle, around the circle, around the circle. What moves like this? The tides of the ocean move like this. Sound waves move like this. Light moves like this, right? Why are circles important? Because what we see, what we hear, what we experience in this world follows a cyclic nature, right? It's very cyclic. I'm going to ban. Did we ban? Well, I know how to get to sleep easy enough. Just watch you talk about, yeah, that's right, ASMR, brother. But let's do this, time out. Be nice. Right? So it follows that. It's as simple as that. Circle represents a perfect cyclic function. And as you move around the circle, you get a graph like this. And this occurs in nature everywhere. That's why we study circles, really, right? Trigonometry. Let's talk about, well, by the way, the cost function, as you move around the x-axis on the, as you move around the circle, the x-graph looks like this starts at one because you're here. One goes to negative one. And it's just what it is. It's just shifted 90 degrees because if you take a circle, rotate it like this, it's just like moving this guy over. Right? No worries, Martin. He came here to an ASMR stream and said he was, he was falling asleep, which is actually what is supposed to be about a certain degree, right? And he wasn't too happy about it, I guess. A product of our centralized education system. Right? Hilarious. It's like signing up to go to do exercise.  What? I don't see how the phrasing could be taken. Everything's sinusoidal in the end. Everything's sinusoidal at the end. Check this out. Should we do just a stat question? Speedy Gonzales stat? Let's do a stat question, Speedy Gonzales stat. So we needed the normal distribution table, right? So let's check this out. Yeah, let's just do random. I'll make one up. Take a look at this. Let's assume we have some kind of database that follows the normal distribution, right? Trigonometry is actually used on a lot of everyday riddles, like guessing the height of a building based on the angle and the distance between you and the bill. Yeah, for sure. What's your personal favorite type of math, either to teach or just to do? I like talking about functions. I love functions, right? Which kicks you into calculus, but calculus, I'm not there yet, right? And I like data analysis, statistics, really. I like crunching numbers. I like seeing patterns. I like graphing things and trending, right? Following the trends. But let's assume we have a normal distribution. Here's a normal distribution, right? And any data set that fits this, whoop, is called a normal distribution, right? Or Gaussian people mentioned, right? Now what this is, let's assume this point here is, I'm not going to use variables, we're just going to use numbers straight up. Let's assume the middle point here, the mean of the thing is 15, okay? If this thing follows a normal distribution or data set follows a normal distribution, then what it means is, if you move one standard deviation away from here, okay? And let's assume the standard deviation, the distance here to this and standard deviation, you do a calculation. We're not going to go over the formula for this, right? Let's assume the distance from there to there. Let's make this, here, let me make this a little neater, right? Let's assume here, this is three less than this, so make this 12 and three more than this, make this 18, right? And then let's go one more standard deviation down. Let's make this a nine and let's make this 21, 21, okay? The normal distribution says this, if you go for this data set anyway, if you go one standard deviation away from the mean, one unit away from the mean, standard deviation away from the mean, then this data in here, 68%, I think 68%, 68% of your data fits in here. If you go two standard deviations away, so from here to here is six, from here to here is six units, then this data, all of this contains like 95% of your data, right? Okay, I've seen a math method to multiply today. Okay, we're gonna skip that. Does he see this? This chat, I do see the chat, but once I go off on a math thing, I don't read the chat that much because it throws me off a little bit. Let's start the read one. Let me read this one. Saying you first calculate two times five times 10, then 12 plus 5, 17, so 70 plus 10 is 180 solution, but how about if you do with example, oh wow, I don't consider myself a human calculator, so I don't try to do calculate multiplications like this. I go old school, right? And it's at an angle quite well, but it's been decades since I was in school. Wait, so is any amount of units under the curve referred to a standard deviation? Yeah, if the standard deviation, let me bring out the exact value. So we're talking about the right numbers, right? Normal distribution. So yeah, so within here, let me draw this. Within one standard deviation of the data, within here, this contains 68.26% of the data, 68.26% of the data is in there. Within two standard deviations, right? It contains 95.44% of the data, 95.44% of the data. Three standard deviations away contains 99.72% of the data, right? Three standard deviations. We're missing it here, but whatever. We're over there. So three standard deviations away contains 99.72% of the data, right? And the standard deviation varies depending on your data set, depending on the form of the normal distribution. So for example, you could have a normal distribution that looks like this, right? Or a normal distribution that looks like this, right? And if the mean here could be the same, could be 15. And the mean here could be 15, right? But if your data set is varies, then one standard deviation here that contains one standard deviation means 68.26% of your data is within that zone, right? This could be 10 and 20. So the standard deviation is 5. Or if it's thin and long, this could be 16. And this could be 14. And the standard deviation would be 1, right? It really depends on your data set. For me, I just pick 3. Let's assume our data set, the standard deviation for our data set is 3. That means 3 units away from the mean contains 68.26% of the data, right? Oh, standard deviation is also called a quadratic mean, is it? I didn't know that. And I know we're not going into detail on integrals this stream. But if memory serves, integrals describe the area of the curve. Yeah, integrals, it's basically you're taking the area of the thing, right? The standard deviation tells you how much big the variation is in your data around the mean, yeah. And the variation is really your, right? So let's assume this. Let's assume there's tables for this. This is set in stone. You're basically standardizing your data set to the normal distribution. You're fitting your data set to the normal distribution, right?  So all the things, all the parameters we know about a data set that fits like this applies to this data set, right? From one instant, the square root of the variance, but I might be, yeah, the square root is square root of the standard deviation, isn't it? Or is the standard deviation squared? I got to look these up. Same for the big number sort, yeah. This is correct, but never heard of the term quadratic mean. I've heard of quadratic mean, but I don't know the term, oh, no, no, the standard deviation is called a quadratic mean. No, I've never heard the standard deviation being referred to as a quadratic mean, right? And there's a whole bunch of formulas for these things, right? But one of the formulas we have, which is a simple formula is a Z table. Let me grab Z table normal. Let's bring out the Z table. There we go. You want something that's bigger? Here, let me see if this one's legit. Yeah, here. I'll give you guys a link in the description and the chat. So you guys see it. So here's a Z table, right? Cumulative distribution continuum. And this is the one that I've basically used. And the Z table basically does this. They draw you a table, right? And the formula for the Z table is, the formula is this, I believe. Z is equal to a point minus the mean divided by the standard deviation. Correct me if I'm wrong on this. Is this correct? Should be. I'm back. Spider-Man, how's it going? Z table, Z formula. Table formula. Formula normal point. Yeah, that's what it is. Okay, cool. We're not that far off then, right? So let's assume you have a point that you want to analyze in this data. So the question would be, what's the probability of, let me say this correctly. Oh yeah, let's assume the question is this. Yeah, it does not translate in English. Quadratic mean would mean, statistics, man. I wasn't going to say, but I live in a pub. I can hear them. You live downstairs. Oh my god. Oh no, Martin, that's crazy. You need to move away from this, but it's easy work, right? Travel to work is like going downstairs. That's the average standard. Square differences for the mean more like, I didn't realize you live upstairs. Oh man, you probably don't leave that building for days upon days. I'm a ZZ guy personally because Z, I like my alphabetic rhyme. That's like a smoker. And the interaction with people is amazing, right? If it's a good group of people you have, the conversations and the marrying meant is fantastic, right? But don't go down there, Martin. It's like a smoker looking at it. So let's assume the question was this. This is our data set. This is what we know of the whole data set. It's my pub. I run everything. Oh, do you Martin?  Oh, I'm so glad I'm not there. I'm not in the UK. I'd be coming there and I would be live streaming on the bar. I'm playing pool. I hope you got a pool table there and probably darts as well, right? So let's assume we have this data set. This is the model of the whole, that must be something, that this is the data for the whole population, right? Or the sample, right? I have an asset manager and a few team leaders and many bar staff, yeah. Oh gosh, can we have a Chico fan meet up at Martin's pub one day? Maybe. It would be fun. Put the stream on the TV in the pub. Oh my God.  Unless I do something drinking related games and whatnot. We could definitely do that, right? So check this out. What if you analyzed another sample from the population? You got some data, right? And they want to find out this. What's the probability? This would be the type of question you would get. What's the probability? What's the probability that, oops, that your data will be between, let's say, 14 and 20, right? So what's the probability that your data, if you're pulling at a random, will be between 14 and 20? So let me ask you this. What's the probability that your data will be between 12 and 18, right? Well, your probability is 68%, right? Because that's what it is. 12 is here, 18 is here, and it's 68% probability that your data set is within that zone. So you're within that zone. Right now the question is, what's the probability that your data set will be between 14 and 20? So 14 is here, right? And 20 is here, right? So what we're really asking ourselves is, let me do this in green, so maybe it'll come up there. Hopefully this green comes out better. That's not bad. 14 and 20. So we're asking ourselves, what's the probability that your data set is within this zone? Well, the probability, you have to find your z value for 14 and 20, and then you look it up on the table and you just read it off the graph, off the table, right? So let's figure out what the z number is for 14. The z, oh no, standard deviation, we know. The z number is going to be 14 minus the mean, which is 15, divided by 3. 14 minus 15 is negative 1, so it's negative a third, which is negative 0.33, repeating, right? The z value for 20 is going to be 20 minus 15 over 3, which is going to be 5 over 3. 3 goes into 5 once and you got 2 over 3, which is 1.66, repeating, right? One thing you should notice, oh yeah, this should be negative, oh yeah, it is negative. One thing you'll notice is numbers on this side of the normal distribution are going to be negative, the z value are going to be negative. The numbers on this side of the normal distribution, the z numbers are going to be positive, okay? Chichoyans are welcome to visit. Nice. All Chichoyans are welcome to visit. Awesome. All the pub goers would get math and physics lessons and be the smartest drunkards in the world. Drunk math. Chichoy drunk. That would be a sight to see. It is a sight to see. I have seven pool tables. Dude, no way. Are you serious, Martin? Oh, the pool shark and me just craving it. I used to spend hours upon hours in pubs, playing pool and drinking for free, right? Seriously. You guys play a nine ball, eight ball or snooker? We were, for us by the way, we used to play lots of eight ball and lots of nine ball. Nine ball is fantastic. It's a sports bar. It's a sports bar. Chichoy fans need up one day. It needs to happen. Maybe we do someday. Maybe we do someday, right? So these are the two numbers we have, right? Negative 0.333 and 1.66. So if we look at the table, check this out. Oh, did I lose the table? No, I didn't lose the table. Nice. Where is the table? There it is. So what you do right now is you go, okay, what's the Z value? Oh, they've done it with the zero. Yeah, negative 3. Wait a second. Oh, this is only part of it. We need the other one. Where is the Z table? I need the table. We need both sides. There is it. We need the negative numbers as well. So sorry, gang. I didn't send you the negative number ones. Oh, and this table doesn't include the whole thing, does it? Oh, it doesn't hold these silly picks. Where is the table? We want the whole thing. No. Well, we don't need the negatives. We're going to just drive it, but I'd rather get you the negative tables as well. That way it's easy done. Oh, we don't want that. Yeah, we could do that. Let's see. There we go. There's the negative ones. Oh, my God. Access denied. What is this? Access denied. I really dislike these. There we go. Oh, I can't even read that. That's too small. Can I make it bigger? That's too small. We need the bigger one. Where is the bigger one? It's so difficult. I should have a Z thing handy. Okay, we're going to go to a different search. We don't want that. I'm going to bring it here. Sorry, gang. It's taking a little bit of time. I didn't have the normal distribution ready. I should actually... What do you call that? There we go. Oh, come on. Is this access? What is up with these people? Man, I swear on the internet it was a lot easier trying to find things in the past. There we go. Oh, difficult, difficult. Here. Here's a normal distribution. Got five people in my room, but eight left. No, that's great. That's another thing. That's great. Got five people in my room, but eight left it. How much people entered to enter it till it's empty? So, lines. Each popular group. Oh, what is it? What is it? Mostly American pool tables. Cool. Nine ball, mostly nice. Nine ball is the best pool in a bar if it's a line cleaning. Yes, but in order to be that good. So, take a look at this table. What you do, we want to find and the way it works is this. I'm going to erase... Okay, we already figured out the Z score. So, we're just going to write down the Z score. So, Z score in the bottom part associated with 14 is negative 0.33 repeating. Associated with 20 is 1.66 repeating, right? So, let me kill this. Let me draw you how you can use the Z table, right? And the Z tables, usually, they're set up like this. What they have is this. 90% is 0.96. So, Z table is usually this. The number that they give you in the percentage, right? They usually have this. This is 0. That's the mean. And these are the numbers you're looking at. They're negative on this side and positive on this side. And when you read a number, it's giving you the area in the table on this side of it, right? So, for us, negative 0.33, if you look at the table, the number you're getting is negative 0.33 is 0.3707. So, the number associated with this is, and that's a percentage. So, it's 37.07% of the data of this data is on this side of the graph, right? And the number associated with this, if that's going to be here, it's going to be a lot larger because there's a lot of data on this side, right? So, we want to go to 1.66. 1.66 is 95.15%. So, 95.15% of the data is over here on this side, right? So, let me do a little erasing here. Now that we know how to read the table, so all you have to do now is to find out what percent of the data is within this zone, right? Between 14 and 20, you subtract this from this. So, 95.15 minus 37.07, 8.1, 8.15, 8.5. 58% of the data or 58% probability that you're going to lie anywhere between 18 and 20. That's what percent of the data is in there, okay? That's one of the most basic questions, or I don't know if it's basic. There's a little bit of probability you learned before. That's actually some places a fair bit, but in high school, in my part of the world, this is sort of where they take you or they used to take you when they were teaching you probability, okay? 60% of the time it works every time. It's pretty cool. This normal distribution stuff is fantastic. Very cool stuff, right? Very useful, very useful. Man, we're going hardcore. Four hours, right on. This is the longest mastering we've done, right? Uptime. And my mind is a little mush after four hours of going out this, right? Three hours and 55 minutes. Martin, what are you going to do? I hope you don't go down. Well, let me rephrase that. Let me put that in the right way. Sometimes it's good to go down, but I hope you don't go downstairs. What do you think is Assange's favorite math in keeping with the thing? Assange is, Assange's favorite math, he likes stats. He likes data. He's not, I don't think he's into calculus. He's not into functions. He's into mass data processing. That's my, like basically writing programs, codes, and filtering out data, running filters through data, extracting out. So I think statistics is what Assange would be more into. Thanks for the experience. My pleasure. Hopefully we're limited on the board, usually. And I'm sort of towards the end of a four hour or so. I'm a little mushy. What an incredible stream. Awesome, Spider-Man. I'm glad you liked it. It was fun. Yeah, good stream. Is anyone into calculus? For sure. Apart from Newton. Yeah, a lot of business is calculus. There's a lot of business in calculus and engineering, of course, too. I got to mod for the first time. Woo-hoo. That's fun. Nice. Awesome. I hope it didn't keep you too busy. We didn't have too many trolls coming, so that was a good thing. Right? Line cleaning with math. Two beers clean. Done each time. Seven pint lines. Six pumps. That's 42 pints when it's done today. What's going on here? I became a software developer, but I wonder if I should try becoming a data analyst. But it's a lot of knowledge to get. Yeah. Yeah. What do you call it? Software developer is fine, but you can have interfaces to bring the data in and interpret the data. You don't have to become hardcore data analysts. You just have to be able to provide visuals and interpret the data. As a controls engineer, as I can tell you, we have never used calculus yet. Computers do everything now. Someone's got to write the code, right? They're using macros and stuff, no? Clinical pharmacist. Nice. It's kind of a sad how much we rely on technology. Yeah. And the unfortunate part is there's a lot of bad code written, isn't there? Data science is the future. Pays well. Yeah. Interpreting data. Like, look at Facebook, Google, YouTube. All technology companies are all data. They're just data and analysis machines, right? I like to strike a balance of knowing a lot of stuff personally and letting computers pick up the slack on their... Yeah, for sure. Python has really good libraries for data analysis and displaying data, does it? Oh, man, I got to learn Python. Riot has been pushing me to learn Python. I wish I had the... I'll be careful what you wish for. At some point, I will, once I free up a little bit of time. I'm a software engineer. I mess with lots of data as well. Yeah. I work at Arsalanol. They build steel and big data is a big deal here. Those who know how to do stuff get a lot of money. Yeah. I don't think relying on the computer for the crunching just got to know when it's spitting out the wrong answer. Yeah. Agreed. You have to have a very good intuitive feel of your data. And the only way you acquire that intuitive feel is if you spend a lot of time with the data, right? So when it comes to data analysis, the people with more experience tend to be... Which isn't really the case, you can say, with all disciplines. But if you spend a lot of time in a field and analyzing that type of data, you get a good feel of the flow of things, right? Yes. I guess I didn't realize the macros and stuff we use rely on Calc. Yeah. I have a lot of notes on Python if you want. Oh, cool. I don't have the time to learn. The first thing I have to relearn is more of the stats, hard core stats that I used to know and calculus. After that, once we've covered all that, I'm going to jump into programming, man. Python really nice and easy to begin language. Nice. I know I'm not too great at it yet, personally. Wait, no one is coming to my line cleaning. I don't even know what this line cleaning is. Is this laying out the alcohol and taking it all down? That's a serious businessman. Fun. Anyway, gang, should we call the stream a couple of hours? I didn't even drink too much liquids or anything, but I'm definitely going to go for a walk now. If you teach data analysis, I'll definitely come to watch. Nice. I will at some point. I really want to. I love data analysis. Thanks, Ali. I try my best. I try my best, right? In regards to teaching. Whichever teacher or stream it is, it will be. Thanks for the love, Spider-Man. And we've got the best mods in here. But what is that you're doing? This is just straight up tea. It's cold tea now. It's just cold tea. I like cold tea as well. Tea is my to-go-to thing. We clean beer lines, but first we disconnect and clean, clean lyes. Then drink it. If that's what I think it means. 42 pints? No, man. The dream Akulio says no. Okay gang. Thank you for being here. Thank you for the conversations. Thank you for the math questions. Thank you for the discussions. Thank you for the input mods. Thank you for taking care of business. Thank you for the subs. Thank you for the follows. Okay. Thank you for just participating. It was a lot of fun. If you can make it tomorrow from, I believe from 1 to 2 p.m. 1 to 3 p.m. my time, we're going to do a Julien Assange stream. Stream tomorrow is on Assange completely right. 100%. We're just going to talk about it. I'm going to try to catch up on the news a little bit because news is unfolding pretty fast, but we'll just do a live stream and talk about what's going on and where it can lead to. And any new developments that come up. And most likely next week or within a couple of weeks, once the trial goes into full effect, we'll keep on taking a look at it and see where it goes. I'll be their awesome Spider-Man. Okay gang, I hope you guys have a fantastic, fantastic day. It's done monthly. It's done monthly. Wow, wow, wow. Thanks for the stream. I wish I had you for my teacher in high school. You're probably a major in math otherwise. Would have probably major in math otherwise. Thank you for the love, man. Incredible. Thanks so much. My pleasure. See you then, hopefully, if I get to do this. Awesome. Awesome. And I'll see you guys on Discord if you guys have the Discord going. Thanks for popping or sticking around throughout the whole stream, Spider-Man and Martin. Martin, no beer today. Well, I can't say. If I was in your shoes, I don't know what I would do, man. I hope you enjoy your evening though. Okay. Bye, everyone. And I'll see you guys tomorrow. Don't forget to check the gaming folder on Discord. Okay, for sure. I will, Kulio. How can there be more chess variations than electrons in yours? Exponential growth. Mathematics. Fun. Aww. Bye, everyone.


This 2016 Chevy Silverado 2500 Crew Cab Short Box is stock number 12201Z. We're here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. This 2016 Chevy Silverado 2500 has the 6.6 liter Duramax diesel. It is the LML engine, which pumps out 397 horsepower. This truck has been fully-safety and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. Summit White Clear Coat is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, turn them on right now because it is your best way to check out the quality and condition of the truck before seeing it in person. And if you like the video and want to subscribe to our YouTube channel, in the lower right hand part of the screen is a subscribe button. Click that, and then click the bell notifications and you'll get updated every single day that we do videos here of our amazing new and used inventory at Summit Automotive. This one comes with the 18-inch chromed alloy rims. And it has Michelin LTX AT Tyres. These are LT26570R18s. And they have right around half the tread left on them. This one does have the Z71 off-road suspension package, which gives you those red Rancho shocks there. Frames and really nice clean condition on this truck. Driver's side front fender. Didn't see any dents or dings on there. The headlight lenses are nice and clear. And it does have the projector lamp headlamps. Front bumper is in really nice shape. No major dents or dings on there. And lower balance is in nice condition as well. The hood is in very nice shape too. I didn't see any dents or dings on there. And the passenger side front fender is in excellent condition. Passengers side front rim looks really good. And as you go down this side of the truck, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away, or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down, you can still see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here, there's absolutely no surprises. And you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you may be. Very clean down that side. No dents, no dings. Looks really good. This back rim is in excellent shape as well. And the back tires have just as much tried as the front tires. The frame and underbody looks really good. And it's like that all the way underneath that has all of the remaining factory exhausts so it hasn't been altered in any way. And those lower rockers look great. It does come with a set of Weston chrome step bars. You get the Z71 stickers there. Coming around to the back, rear bumper looks really good. It does have a full towing package which includes the receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring. Tailgate is in very nice condition as well. I didn't see any dents or dings up there. And it has the shock down assist. So it's never going to slam on you. Back here we got a receiver hitch reducer. And the bed is in pretty nice condition. A little bit of light duty usage but it's a truck. Tailgate shuts nice and solidly.  No dents or dings in the box. And for full disclosure this back rim really nice condition as well. Driver side doors look really good. You get the telescopic tow mirrors built in directional signals there and there. LED side lights. So these telescope out like so. They also fold in. They actually go in pretty nice and easy.  No rips, no tears on the seats. They're in really nice conditions. Smells very clean inside this truck. Power driver seat. Factory all weather floor mats. Auto headlamps turned out four wheel drive. Factory brake controller. This one has the tilt and the telescopic steering wheel. Power windows, power locks, power mirrors. You get that kind of diamond plated Z71 trim on the doors there. We'll hop inside. Turn on the ignition so that you can check out the miles and the radio. This truck has 23,122 miles. You get that Z71 instrument cluster. Very nice and clean. Comes with the leather wrapped steering wheel. Bluetooth and information center controls on the right. Cruise controls on the left and it does have audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. This one having the Duramax diesel comes with the Allison six speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift right there. Comes with the Chevy MyLink system, which this one includes the factory navigation system, AM FM and serious satellite radio capabilities on this truck. It does have a CD player. And this is also where your backup camera shows up. I believe this was the first year that you could get a projection on these radios as well. And you can project your cell phone to the screen. So if you have a different navigation system that you like better, such as Waze or Google Maps, you can project it right to the screen from your phone and use your phone through the screen. It's pretty cool. Down here is the climate controls.  That's how you turn on those LED side lights. Downhill assist control and it does have a factory brake controller. Down here, it's really hard. I can't show it because of my gimbal here, but it does have a 110 volt, 150 watt plug-in and then a 12 volt PowerPoint. But that is a plug-in down there. Passengers side carpeting and floor mat are an excellent conditional rips or tears. Once again, smells very clean inside this truck. I don't think it's ever been smoked in. The headliner is in great shape. Passengers side seat, no rips or tears. This one does have the snowplow prep package and it does have map lights up there as well. On-star and SOS buttons in the rear-view mirror. And we'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll start it up and take a look under the hood. Back seats are just as clean as the front seat snow rips or tears back here. It does have the latch-child safety system for any child car seats you may have. Fixed glass rear window with the built-in rear defrost and those seats are in excellent condition. They do fold up like so. And the carpeting is very nice and you do get those all-weather floor mats back here as well. Side curtain airbags on this truck and the bottoms of the doors all look very, very nice on this ride. There are those LED side lights. Once again, they are super bright. We'll start it up. Take a look under the hood. I was like showing the instrument cluster here to show you that there's no check engine lights or anything like that. And this is also where your backup camera shows up on your screen. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you will be able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around and verify its quality and condition. Under the hood we have the 6.6-liter Duramax diesel. Once again, this is the LML engine 397 horsepower. There is your emissions sticker. And once again, this truck has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. I would highly recommend this truck from the quality and condition standpoint. I don't think you'll find too many 2016s this nice. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, halftones, recoder tons, one-tons, you name it. We've got to go to that website right there www.summitauto.com Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at www.summitauto.com If you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to www.youtube.com Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact, any second you'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on the upper left. A link to more Chevy 2500 truck videos like this one on the upper right. A link to this vehicle on our website on the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos on the lower right. Click those, check us out and we're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean 2016 Chevy Silverado 2500 Crew Cab Short Box 1LT Z71 in Summit White Clear Coat. Thanks again for checking out the video and remember to like, subscribe, and share.


Rwyf y Feel. Mae'r pôr cyddiad erbyn cyhoedd yr ysgol dros cymryd. Diolch argymallu cymrydau ymddangos ymddangos 7 ac 8. Y cyddiad ymddangos 7 ymddangos ymddangos wrth llunio cymryd. Udych chi'n ysgrifennu cyddiad ymddangos cyfrydau ymddangos ymddangos byddeu yn y Cymru, 1933, Scoltawn byl. Ymddangos 8 yn y cyddiad ymddangos cymrydau'r cyddiad ond y Comisiwy o rhaid yng Nghymru, ond ti'n ddif�os yr oedd y F BCE yn diwyllio am ff shrifoedd dylunio ar ein pethau 7 i 8 yn gywchon. Yr agendaeth yma mae'r ffordd o'r micr yng Nghymru. Mae'r gyrsdraeth y Llandffill, ychydigfawr, mewn amguedd ailladau yng Nghymlch 2017, SSI 2017, Gwyrdd 27, Cyllid ailladau The order is subject to the provisional affirmative procedure. The provisional affirmative procedure is common in UK tax legislation but relatively uncommon in legislation enacted by the Scottish Parliament. The form of provisional affirmative procedure for the purposes of the bill is set out in section 41.3 of the parent statute, the landfill tax Scotland Act 2014. Under this procedure, the order must be laid before the Scottish Parliament and will cease to have effect unless affirmed by a resolution of the Parliament within 28 days of being made. This 28-day period does not take account of periods of dissolution or recess for more than four days. It is worth observing that the order was made on 26 January and that the Parliament will be in recess beginning from 11 February up to and including 19 February. However, no points have been raised by our legal advisers on this instrument, so is the committee content with this instrument? Item 3 is instrument subject to affirmative procedure. Again, no points have been raised by our legal advisers on the draft, judiciary and courts Scotland Act 2008, Scottish Land Court Order 2017 or the draft continuing care Scotland amendment order 2017 or the draft national health service Scotland act 1978 independent clinic amendment order 2017 or the draft Scottish fiscal commission modification of functions regulations 2017. Is the committee content with these instruments? Item 4 is instrument subject to negative procedure. Again, no points have been raised by our legal advisers on non-domestic rates rural areas Scotland regulations 2017, SSI 2017 number 22. Is the committee content with this instrument? Item 5 is instrument not subject to any parliamentary procedure. Again, no points have been raised by our legal advisers on health, tobacco nicotine etc. and care Scotland act 2016 commencement number 1 order regulations 2017, SSI 2017 12 or the act of sederant rules of the court of session 1994 amendment temporary exclusion orders 2017, SSI 2017 number 26. Is the committee content with these instruments? Item 6 is draft instruments documents subject to approval. We first consider the public services reform corporate and solvency in bankruptcy Scotland order 2017 proposed draft order and proposed explanatory document SD 2017 8 and SD 2017 9. This draft order has been initially laid under a superaffirmative procedure. That means that the draft order is required to go through a prelegislative scrutiny period which involves a formal consultation period of 60 days before the Parliament is asked to agree the legislation. The draft order amends the insolvency act 1986, the Bankruptcy Scotland act 2016 and the public services reform insolvency Scotland order 2016. The purposes of the draft order are to modernise certain aspects of Scottish corporate insolvency law to bring them into line with the position in England and Wales and to promote the on-going operation and rescue of viable businesses that are subject to personal insolvency proceedings and to apply certain aspects of the 2016 order to a winding up of a company that is under way at the time that order comes into force as opposed to those aspects applying only to a new winding up. The explanatory document that was laid with the draft order sets out the background to the draft order, the policy objectives and the effect of the various provisions. Four points were raised with the Scottish Government arising from the draft order and resulting from this the Scottish Government have undertaken to update some aspects of the explanatory document. So the question is does the committee therefore agree not to draw the instrument to the attention of the Parliament but to welcome the Scottish Government's agreement to update the proposed explanatory document in the following respects. Firstly, to explain in further detail why the Scottish ministers consider the article 6 of the draft order does not prevent any person from continuing to exercise any right or freedom which that person might reasonably expect to continue to exercise in accordance with sections 18.2e and 27.d.1 of the Public Services Reform Scotland Act 2010 and also to explain why article 6.7 and 8 of the draft order reduce the burden within the meaning of section 17.2c of the 2010 act, that is an obstacle to best regulatory practice, in accordance with section 27.1d.2 of the 2010 act. Does the committee agree to encourage the Scottish Government to update the explanation provided in relation to articles 3 and 4 of the draft order in the explanatory document to refer specifically to paragraph 10 of schedule 8 of the Insolvency Act 1986? That would assist the readers of the explanatory document to understand more fully the basis on which the powers and duties of liquidation committees are defined in rules made under section 411 of that act. Are we agreed again? Thank you. We now move this meeting into private.