Oh my goodness you have I'm gonna say at the beginning of this you have to wait till the end of the video. Oh my goodness Well towards the end. It's not at the complete end. So don't go zoom in ahead. You got to see all the Bolo's before this What it's missing Rhinestones and sold for $1,325. Hey fellow buddies. Thanks for watching Amazing, right? All right, let's get started Hey, Bolo buddies. Thanks for watching. All right I have a big money Bolo video for you guys in this video We are gonna talk about the best April Bolo's items to be on the lookout for items You can buy low and sell for a profit I posted this in my Bolo buddies Facebook group if you're not in this Facebook group My link tree is down below. That's where all my links are and you guys can go and click on the Facebook group and join And come share a Bolo by the time this post you're gonna be sharing your best May Bolo So I look forward to seeing what you sold for big money in May So I posted this share your best April Bolo and now in the video I'm gonna tell you where they got it what they paid for it and what it sold for the first item comes from Flipping hot finds. This is her eBay store and she is a Bolo buddies YouTube member Which means she has joined Bolo buddies memberships level two or level three for perks No pressure to join if you would like the perks you can join down below. There's a link Otherwise, it's free to share a Bolo and I will share your Bolo in this video If you are a Bolo buddies YouTube member You will get the mention and a link down in the description. If not, I will just share your Bolo anonymously All right, so she said I bought for $52 at an online auction I was getting so many lowball offers and when I finally received an offer to make a profit I jumped on it. It sold for a hundred and twenty dollars. It is a Michael Kors signature Grayson something something purse and And so 52 and 120 not the greatest margins, but still a good profit And that is flippin hot fine So you can find her eBay store link down below if you go down and you click on an eBay store There is a heart if you click on that heart you can follow eBay stores I don't know if you guys know that but when they create coupons, you're gonna get that coupon alert You're also gonna see when they list new items So it is a great feature to follow eBay stores and my eBay store is also linked down below. You guys are welcome to follow that as well Went to a local church rummage sale and bought a bag of trinkets for five dollars along with this item There were a few pocket shrines and medallions sold on eBay by it now took three weeks But I held out on sending offers antique Oh Why sir always got to be such hard words. It's EU CH AR IST I'm not even gonna try. I'm sorry. This is what it looks like host sterling silver oil stock So for three hundred and forty one dollars and ninety nine cents plus shipping Wow Trifari vintage brooch you guys if you have not seen my brooch video, it looks like this I also have a clip-on earrings video. These are Bolo category videos where I teach you what to look for And I'm teaching myself as well because I am learning every day just like all of you That's why you're here to learn and that's what I'm doing. I'm learning So teach it and learning at the same time. You got to love it, but check out this brooch It's a rare 1960s Trifari Alfred Felipe fire birds rhinestone brooch It's sold on auction with five bids for one thousand three hundred and twenty five dollars plus Free shipping free shipping on that, but he didn't tell me where he got it or what he paid for it But I remember seeing this in the group and I asked him to share I can't remember if the original information was there or not, but This piece is missing three rhinestones on the eyebrow to shoulder ridge See close-ups. It's missing Rhinestones and sold for one thousand three hundred and twenty five dollars. This is a Bolo brand Now not all Trifari goes for big money. Okay, but a lot of it and some of it Can okay, and there's a lot of medium pieces also, but over a thousand Wonder what it would have sold for if all the rhinestones were there Alright, this one comes from Abigail's artful abode She is a Bolo buddies member with an awesome YouTube channel and she sells things that I don't she likes those Breakables and really cool hard to find neat looking things Maybe not hard to find but hard for me to find because I walk past them I'm like into like the small toys the bread and butter and she has just a really She has a neat style check her out Okay, my sister actually spotted this last year at a local antique mall We were shopping at during our trip to Boulder or during my trip to Boulder to visit her I recognized the designer immediately and thought it was really groovy and unusual and quickly looked up comps Of course, this was from the 70s. So there really wasn't any comps. I decided to take a chance and bought it for 50 I listed it for 600 and got many lowball offers over the year Recently though, someone offered me 300 and I countered at 375 and was happy with the sale sold on Poshmark to help you out Courtney, here's how to pronounce it. Thank you Let's see if we can get this me annual Ungarrow did I do it right? This is this I'm not gonna say it again. This is what it looks like It's from the 70s and it sold for 375 on Poshmark That is awesome. And thank you for helping me pronounce that. I felt like I I felt like I did a good job Alright, if you don't know slide rulers can really be a bolo and most people don't know that so you pick them up very Inexpensively, I just sold one of these it'll be in a future video Honestly, that's all I know about them and really don't know how they're used. I spotted this one at a local vintage market I was already buying a bunch of clocks from the vendor and he actually said he would throw in the ruler I picked this one out because of the cool vintage leather case and yep. Sure enough when I went to go research it I found that this picket slide rule is a bolo. It's sold on Etsy within a month for full asking price Pretty good for a freebie $78 on Etsy And I may have undersold mine because there was somebody else that recently just sold one It was a cat feel and thrifty She did a video on it on her YouTube channel check out cat feel and thrifty She is also a bolo buddies member with a new YouTube channel. So go show her some love with a sub and She sold a slide ruler and she sold hers for I think more than I did too. So maybe I undersold mine I grabbed mine at the Goodwill Benz. So you will see that in one of my Goodwill Benz videos Alright, here is another one from Abigail's artful abode. I told you she picks up cool stuff This is a good one because these little lamps are fairly easy to find Yes, you have to ship them. But if you only list the little ones, it's not that hard I think the brass lamp was about 8 inches and that's a popular size because people want them for their kitchen counters or small spaces I paid five for it and listed it at 45 and took a best offer of 37 on eBay and was really happy with that And this is what it looks like Okay, I don't remember what I initially paid for it I know it could have been more than three it couldn't have been more than three or four dollars I had it squirreled Away and uncovered It here recently Squirreled away that means it was in their money pile I researched it with sold listings on eBay and found two recently that had sold for 75 It had interest and I eventually sent watchers a revised price I had one counter with 50 and I accepted it and chalked it up to a win It is a jazz wears super shadow the hedgehog superposers seven inch action figure 2008 and this is what it looks like so took a best offer of $50 on that this one comes from stellar seller Sam. This is her YouTube channel right here She said everyone walked right past this purse at the bends. I knew it was vintage coach I would have known it was vintage coach also vintage coach like sticks out like a sore thumb Rachel Strickland over on her YouTube channel She has a lot of you guys in my Facebook group are asking how do you know if a purse is real or fake and Rachel Strickland will cut them up for you and show you how to know She doesn't cut up the real one. She cuts up the fake ones and she points out the different things to look for she's done coach Louis Vuitton I think I'm trying to think of what the other one is it's Duni and Burke Burke work. I think she just did one on that so go check out Rachel Strickland if you want to learn about how to Purses she'll show you how that's done and I'll link her down below Okay, stellar seller Sam. So anyway, this is her YouTube channel and she is fantastic So sub her up. She will be linked down below Everyone walked right past this purse at the bends. I knew it was vintage coach and grabbed it paid around two dollars It was dusty dry and flat was in my money pile for months before I got around to cleaning it and reshaping it went for full Asking price a hundred all-in always check out these picked over bends. It's a cross body and It is a turn lock. That's another good key word Actually, Rachel Strickland also has a video how she shows you how to reshape a purse So stellar seller Sam if you're watching maybe you have a different technique or method You could always do a demo video on that. That would be pretty cool So yeah, because everybody does things a little bit differently and one may one way may work better for you So it's nice to see different ways of doing things. All right This one comes from vintage spice and this is her YouTube channel and she is a bolo finder Definitely sub her up. She has some incredible Sold's her what sold videos are really really good paid about ten dollars and a buyout sold on an offer Sent to watchers for two hundred and five. It's a vintage artisan doll lingerie Victorian lady miniature dollhouse so it is a dollhouse item Yeah, so this is artisan made so anything that is made by an artist and there's not a lot of them out there or They're all gonna be different. They're one of a kind. That's what I'm looking for so Wow, check it out. That one's a little risque Have about four dollars into this from a buyout sold for a best offer of 50 This also comes from vintage spice. It is a marks American Airlines international jet port beach craft bonanza airplane green and vintage spice Definitely specializes in Mark's products. She really knows her toys. So check her out Pick this dress shirt up at a thrift store while visiting my son in North Carolina It was buy one get one that day for all men's shirts paid zero sold for 90 on Poshmark Buyer paid shipping total profit after fees $72 I don't enjoy selling clothing But I didn't find anything in the home section that day and decided to look through the men's clothes glad I did I didn't know this brand, but the material felt luxe and the pattern was super unique and as always Using list perfectly has paid off yet again Robert Talbot dress shirt button down circle print long sleeve casual list perfectly. What is list perfectly? All right, you guys if you've been here Wow, you know all about list perfectly because I talk about it all the time I've been using it since 2019. It is a cross posting service I start my items on eBay and then I cross post to Poshmark and McCurry You can also use the list perfectly catalogs start your items there and then cross post I have a tutorial demo video down in the description Oh my goodness. It gives you so much information. It shows you exactly how it works Check out that video If you post on multiple platforms, you're going to have more sales because there's more eyes on your items There are different eyes on your items people that sell on um eBay shop on eBay people that sell on Poshmark shop on Poshmark. So Same with McCurry. You're going to get a different audience plus. There's different um age groups that prefer different platforms. So list perfectly cross post your items I do have a referral link if you decide to watch that video and you like what you see you can use coupon referral code Bolo buddies all one word that's going to get you 30 off your first month and again I've been using it since 2019. I still love it and I'm so thankful for it So check it out. This one comes from youtube channel piece of scrap And she sells a lot of clothes and shoes and stuff like that. So you don't get a lot of that from my youtube channel No, that's not what I mean You don't get a lot of that from my what sold videos because I don't sell a lot of that So definitely check her out for a wide variety of Bolo clothing and shoes items Paid five dollars sold for full asking price of 53 on Poshmark. These are Morel shoes And this is what they look like. So five into 53 Poshmark is great for clothing But I also sell tons of hard goods on Poshmark So if you want to see what I'm selling on Poshmark, you can check out my what sold on Poshmark I also have what sold on Mercari after you check those out if that convinces you to sell on those platforms I do have referral links down below That you can join with and get free money to shop Poshmark $10 to shop Mercari $10 to shop when you join with my referral link and another $20 to shop when you sell $100 worth of stuff And then you can use list perfectly, right? So it all just see how it all comes together More eyes more sales All right This one comes from Bolo buddies member crazy critters and vintage collectibles I purchased this little cutie at Savers in Albuquerque, New Mexico in a grab bag for four dollars and 99 cents It contained four stifle and two ooh uh Chinooko Chinooko S. C. H. U. C. O. Don't know what that is miniature animals Are you kidding me a grab bag For four dollars and 99 cents with stifle and whatever this other thing is miniature animals I listed it for 199 and took a best offer of 145. It was a three and a half inch stifle jointed bear I wasn't familiar with them at the time, but I knew they were something special just by the way they looked So six little animals for five bucks bears It's a vintage miniature stifle jointed dark brown mo hair bear with button 3.5 inches You've got to love that, right? When they just shove them in a bag and sell them for five bucks Yes, I'll take that please This one comes from Bolo buddies member the quiet thrifter She does not have a youtube channel, but she has an incredible ebay store again sells things that I walk past I bought this vintage signed limited edition. I believe it's pronounced Chacois ski Nutcracker at a thrift store for 38 dollars and took a best offer of 250 buyer page shipping It is a steinbach 1995 artists signed and this is what it looks like. Yeah, some of them nutcrackers can be big money This one also comes from the quiet thrifter I bought this vintage metal toy model boat shell at a thrift store Did I just sound like a robot? I bought this metal toy. Well, don't vote Uh, let's try again. I bought this vintage metal toy model boat shell at a thrift store for 15 and took a best offer of $150 buyer page shipping. It is a 1950s at wood a 100 speedster 10 litho model hydroplane boat 10 toy boat Wow 150 bucks. I probably would have picked that one up. I do like toys Here's another one from the quiet thrifter and these are trending right now swung vase It is an art glass swung vase five finger amethyst 17 inch I bought this amethyst swung glass vase at an estate sale for $10 Knowing that swung vases are hot right now I put it on a 10 day auction and the winning bid was 131 in the buyer page shipping and I got to be honest I'm surprised it didn't go for more than that. Uh, this is what it looks like I can't believe she got that at an estate sale for $10 another example of Sometimes you can find some gems at estate sales All right, here we go Yay Oh my goodness you have I'm gonna say at the beginning of this you have to wait till the end of the video. Oh my goodness Well towards the end it's not at the complete end. So don't go zoom in ahead. You got to see all the bolo's before this Paid $30 for this brooch. It sold in one hour for an offer of $252 plus $9.95 shipping. I want to thank bolo buddies because of you. I would have never known about this brand This is comes this comes from picker money flipper on ebay and youtube and this is her youtube channel This is a women's crown trafari signed large faux pearl gold tone leaf brooch And I have some videos on brooches and this is one of them I also have one on clip on earrings. You guys got to go check these out. I will link them down below um Yeah 252 bucks, but she did pay up a little for it. She paid 30 for it But definitely a bolo. So go check out their ebay store and their youtube channel down below All righty, this one comes from jersey jersey Jersey shore thrifter. This one comes from jerry and I haven't even read it yet But I imagine he's something's gonna be something because I always have something that I have to say about jerry's post Always look for Mancini He said I was gonna have trouble with this plush and toys I know I'm saying it wrong They can be newer, but Mancini. He's gonna write it like 50 times in this paragraph can be sold at As old as the 1970s the older Mancini's Bring real big money. I found several plush in these Mancini figures curbside after a neighbor did some cleaning out So jerry is a curbside picker. He goes trash picking all the time and he finds like the best stuff In other words these Mancini's Were my favorite price of free the plush sold very quickly quite some time ago these Mancini Figures took several months. I finally sold them full price in an internet to an international buyer Lot of 10 Mancini monkey figures 2018 cafe kitchen living room furniture parts So over 29 99 plus shipping. So um, he got them free on the curb and In the last or one of the last videos I featured him and I gave him a hard time about something So he's he's getting me back and making me say this word over and over and I probably just said it wrong Like what 10 times Mancini so anyway Thanks, jerry All right Paid 30 dollars at the local auction and into the moneypile It went for months before I decided to do the research and listed on ebay listed it at a buy it now for $350 and sold it in a little over a month for a best offer of 285 Not a bad sale to begin the month. Oneida community Brahms stainless flatware And this is what it looks like This one comes from eye candy vintage and this is her ebay store and I'm happy to see that she's sharing Bought these torey birch sandals for about $7 at a thrift store sold for a best offer of 90 plus shipping Yeah, if you don't know torey birch is definitely a bolo brand They're usually pretty easy to identify. They have a very specific logo on the sandals I can't tell if these have it or not, but um If you see torey birch, definitely look it up All right, we're going to do one more here. This one comes from the kitschy kansen Bought this fit and tabletop lamp that glows a beautiful bright green from my local consignment auction house for $92.50 Whoo, she paid up for it But she knew it was a bolo listed it for $375 and within a couple months I took a best offer of 295 plus shipping It is a fintan hand-painted custard uranium glass electric table lamp 1979 signed So definitely a bolo right there. Let's do one more because we have another one here from her Um, this is the kit kitschy kansen Bought an under cabinet mount black and decker coffee maker at a consignment auction for around $2 and sold it for 250 and it came back to me because the basket was missing a spring. So I am now parting it out Less the basket sold the coffee pot for full asking price of $50. I actually might make more Than the 250 now. Thank you Courtney. And this is what it looks like. So yes, can you part out coffee machines? coffee makers Appliances, yes, you can part them out. You most definitely can so Something to think about I know I part out play sets and toys and doll houses I like rip the doors off and rip them off and people yell at me like you shouldn't do that and I'm like Yes, I should because it's just going to the landfill if I don't Anyway, you can check out my goodwill bins videos where I dig through the bins Those are super fun. I love those and thank you guys for being here Let me know down in the comments, which was your favorite Bolo if I pronounced Chini I can't even remember what it is now that whatever that was wrong. Sorry because I said it 10 times And be sure to like comment subscribe and share and thanks for watching and Anyway, let's try that again


This lecture is part of an online algebraic geometry course on schemes, and we will be about separable schemes and morphisms. So, let's start with some background. In analysis, we have two really basic topological properties, that have been house dwarf and that have been compact. The trouble is in algebraic geometry, these two properties are not really terribly useful, because if we look at say varieties in the Zariski topology, then they're almost never house dwarf. I mean points are house dwarf, but almost anything other than that is not going to be house dwarf. In fact, in a variety in the Zariski topology, any two non-empty open sets intersect, so it's about as far as possible from being house dwarf. Similarly, with compactness, varieties are almost always compact unless you sort of allow funny sorts of abstract varieties with infinite numbers of open sets or whatever. So, compactness is not terribly useful either, and we want to know what is the correct analogue of these for schemes. For example, n-dimensional projective space over C is compact in the usual complex topology, and A to the Nc is not compact again in the usual complex topology. So we would like some property of the abstract varieties, which holds for projective varieties but not for affine varieties, and similarly we'd like to find some analogue of house dwarf for them. So the analogue for schemes or varieties, house dwarf is replaced by the property of being separable. In fact, the word separable in general topology sometimes means house dwarf, especially in French-speaking countries. And the analogue of being compact, well it has two analogues, this corresponds to the notion of completeness for varieties, so we discussed the fact that projective varieties were completed in an earlier course. However, we also like relative versions of these, so if we've got a map from a scheme S to a base scheme S, then we can also talk about separable morphisms. And instead of talking about complete morphisms, you usually talk about proper morphisms. So the correct analogue of compactness turns out to be related to the notion of a proper morphism, and the correct analogue of being house dwarf turns out to be related to the notion of a separable morphism. Very informally, a morphism is separable if and only if it's all its fibres at house dwarf, and a morphism is proper if and only if its fibres are all satisfied, whatever the correct analogue of compactness is. So we have to find a good way to define the analogue of house dwarf, so in topology, so in general topology, a space X is house dwarf if and only if the diagonal of X times X is closed. And this is kind of almost obvious if you draw a picture, so here's a copy of X and a copy of X, and here's the diagonal, and if we've got a point X, Y with X not equal Y, what we can do is we can choose a little neighbourhood of X and a little neighbourhood of Y, and we end up with a little neighbourhood of X times Y, so this neighbourhood is U and this is V, then U times V is the neighbourhood of X times Y, and if the diagonal is closed, it means we can find a neighbourhood U times V of X, Y disjoint from the diagonal, so U and V are disjoint, and conversely if you can find disjoint neighbourhoods of U and V, then the diagonal is closed. So we can use this idea to define separability or scheme, so we say a scheme X is separated if the map from X to X times X is closed immersion. In fact, it's not difficult to prove this is equivalent to the image being closed. It's obvious that closed immersion implies the image is closed, the other implication requires a little bit more thought but isn't very difficult. Well, more generally, we want to define the concept of a separated morphism, so X to S is a separated morphism if the diagonal map from X to X times over S X, here we've got these two maps here, if this thing here is a closed immersion or has closed image, as before these two conditions turn out to be equivalent. So informally, a morphism is, if a morphism is separated, you expect all its fibers to be separated, it's not quite equivalent but it's very close. So X is separated as a scheme is equivalent to saying the morphism from X to the spectrum of Z is a separated morphism, because this is the terminal object in the family of schemes. So that's some examples. The first example is the traditional example of a non-separated or non-house store space, you just take the line with two origins. So in general topology, you can take two copies of the real line and stick them together by identifying everything except the origin, so you get something that looks like this. There are two copies of the lines and there are two origins and you identify all the other points. And of course we can do the same thing in algebraic geometry except we take the affine line which is say spectrum of K of X and this is spectrum K of X and they're glued over the affine line minus the origin which is the spectrum of K of X X minus one. Now of course when you take the product, you don't give this the product topology that you use in general topology, if you did that all you would do is get exactly the definition of house store which doesn't work. So this thing here should of course have the Zariski topology which is finer than the product topology. So if you draw a picture of this in the Zariski topology, the X times, well I guess we're working over the point spectrum of K sort of looks like this. What it does is it has a sort of double X axis and a double Y axis. Sorry, got the X and Y the wrong way around so this is a sort of double X axis and if you look carefully at it, you'll see that there are four points. I mean it's got a sort of quadruple origin and if you look at the diagonal, you see it contains two of these four points and these two red points are in the closure of the diagonal but not in the diagonal. So the diagonal is not closed and this is an example of a non house dwarf scheme or a non house dwarf morphism from extra spectrum of K. Another example. Suppose we've got any morphism from the spectrum of a to the spectrum of B, where A and B are of rings. And this is always separated and what we have to do is if we call this X and we call this Y, then we're looking at X to X times over Y X. So we're looking at this map of schemes here and we have to unwind it and figure out what this is in terms of algebras. Well, that's just a tensor over B a mapping to a sort of map goes the other way, very confusing getting these all the way around. And we have a map going this way to a and the point is the map from a tensor over B a to a is surjective. In other words, a is just a tensor over B a modulo sum ideal. So this is this is just more or less by definition a closed immersion. So all morphisms between affine varieties are automatically separated from this. It's fairly easy to deduce the fact I mentioned earlier that if the image of the diagonal map is closed, then the diagonal map is in fact a closed immersion. So so to check something is separated you just need to check the image of the diagonal map is is closed and there's a risky apology. So let's have a third example. Let's take X to be equal to Y to be the line with two origins. So here we've got X looking like this. And we're just mapping it to Y. It looks exactly the same. And you notice that X and Y are both not separated and Y is not separated. But the morphism X to Y is separated. In fact, since X equals Y the diagonal map from X to X times over Y X is just the identity because X times over Y X is just equal to X. And any identity map X to X is a closed immersion. So the fact that a morphism is from X to Y is separable doesn't imply anything about X or Y individually being separable. Roughly speaking, what it means is that if you've got an open affine subset of Y, then the inverse image of that is a separable scheme. So there is actually that has actually going to change in terminology in the old terminology. Schemes are called pre schemes and separable schemes were just called schemes. So, so these things here are separable and these things here are not necessarily separable. So things like if you read old copies of growth index elements of algebraic geometry initially started off by using the terms pre scheme and scheme instead of scheme and separable scheme. So that's one minor thing to watch out for. There's a variation of being separated called quasi separated. You sometimes come across a morphism X to S is quasi separated means the diagonal map from X to X times over S X is quasi compact. Any closed immersion is quasi compact so separated implies quasi separated. And actually the notion of being quasi separated is not used all that much in scheme theory. It's much more important than the theory of algebraic stacks and algebraic spaces. So it's actually quite difficult to find examples of morphisms that are not quasi separated. For instance, if you take the line with two origins X and you map it to spectrum of K, then X times over spectrum of K X map from X to this is quasi compact. In fact X is notarian and if you've got any notarian scheme then any map from it to another space is automatically quasi compact because every open set is quasi compact. So any map from X to anything else is is automatically quasi separated. So if you just want to stick to notarian schemes then every map whatsoever is automatically quasi separated. As I said, you really have to think a bit to find an example of a morphism that is not quasi separated. Well, here's an example. Let's take X1 equals X2 to be copies of spectrum of K X1 X2 X3. So this is infinite dimensional affine space. And what we glue, what we do is we glue X1 and X2 along this infinite dimensional space minus the origin. So the origin is either the point north north north and coordinates where it's the ideal X1 X2 and so on. And if you look at this, we then get a map from if we call X the result of gluing these, then if you look at X times over S X to X X to S where where S is just the spectrum of K. So we're working here for point map from X to this. What we do is you can take the image of X1 times over S X to which is containing X times over S X and this is an affine scheme. So it's quasi compact. And the inverse image of this in X is is is just is just affine space, infinite dimensional affine space minus the origin. So we saw earlier that infinite dimensional affine space minus the origin was a was an example of a scheme that wasn't quasi compact. So here we have an example where the diagonal map from X to X times X is not quasi compact. There's an open affine quasi compact set there whose inverse image is not quasi compact. As you see this example is a bit convoluted and not the sort of thing you're likely to encounter in practice. So we'll finish with an application of separability. We have the following problem is the intersection of two open affine sets and open affine set. So the open affine sets form a base of the topology of any scheme and it's really convenient if if this base is closed under taking into sections it avoids a certain amount of technical mess at times. And the answer is no in general. So here's an example of an intersection of two open affine sets that's not open affine. Let's take X to be the plane with two origins. So X is equal to X1 union X2 where X1 is isomorphic to X2 is isomorphic to the affine plane and X1 intersection X2 is equal to the plane minus the origin. And we saw earlier that this is not affine. So you definitely can get cases when the intersection of two open affine sets isn't affine. However, you notice this space here is very definitely a non separable scheme. And in fact, if you if you don't allow this sort of non separable behavior, then the intersection of two open affine sets is indeed affine. So suppose we have a morphism F from X to S with F separated and S affine. Then the intersection is open affine for UV open affine subsets of X. You can check that if you drop the condition of S is affine or F is separated, then the intersection of two open affines need not be open affine in general. And to do this, it's fairly easy. We just notice that U times over SV is open affine because UV and S are all affine. And if you if UV and S are all affine, then then the product is just affine because it's the tensor product of the corresponding algebras. So this is open affine in X times over SX. And we know that U intersection V is the inverse image of U times over SV under the diagonal map from X to X times over SX. And now we notice that for a closed immersion, the inverse image of an open affine is open affine. So if X to S is separated, then this diagonal map is a closed immersion. So the inverse image of U times V is open affine. So we find U intersection V is an affine open set. Okay. So next lecture, what we're going to do is review valuation rings in order to characterize separated and proper morphisms using valuation rings.


This study examined the factors affecting the length of time it takes to get institutional review board, IRB, approval for clinical trials. It found that high workloads, low staff ratios, limited training, and the number and types of ancillary reviews all contribute to longer approval times. Additionally, billing coverage analysis and federally funded studies have shorter approval times than non-fedrally funded studies. Finally, variability in approval times among different institutions reviewing the same protocol can be seen when comparing phase three multi-site clinical trials. Overall, this study suggests that a quality improvement framework should consider both operational and study characteristics, as well as the larger institutional regulatory environment, in order to reduce unnecessary delays in obtaining IRB approval. This article was authored by Michael Callaguri, Karen Allen, Nate Busher, and others.


Our next guest is Oliver Boosman, who's the CIO of SAP. Super busy guy, took some time out of his schedule to meet with us and share his best practices. Oliver, nice to meet you. Welcome to theCUBE. Have a seat, relax.  Okay, come on, you know. Easy questions, hard answer, right? Your co-CEO, Jim Schnabe was on last night great time, we've had Bill McDermott on theCUBE before.   You saw me at the NBC press here. Yeah, so you're getting wired up, the stick and stuff down your back. No, but we know what goes on inside, that's the- It's so uncomfortable, very uncomfortable shoot. You get three minutes on the air, come on. Here we want to spend some time with you. So the first question is obviously SAP, it's changing, transforming, pushing life cycles on their software down from, you know, a year to six months, maybe faster, changing it to cloud mobility, a complete re-architecture, transformation, changing the engine out in the plane in mid-air. You have to implement all this stuff. I'm sure the marching orders down. Hey, we eat our own dog food, can you implement this first?  It's more tasteful, more enjoyable. And, you know, with both CEOs, you know, we see a huge amount of innovation coming through. And the expectation from both of them is, we have to be our first customer. And so we established this SAP RUNS SAP in mapping our IT organization, the key guys with the product organization and see what's on the product roadmap. Can we leverage that together with the business because that has to be a business value also to go there and try to be a ramp up customer, I mean six to eight months before general mobility. And we did this last year over 25 times and in certain topics like in memory, we are even alpha. So we were one of the first one using this in memory technology. And so there's definitely an expectation also that we are changing the way how we implement. So we are also going for agile, scrum approaches to go also for smaller duration instead of 12 months. So that's the same expectation that Jim has also for the product. SAP is known in the tech circles. But outside the tech circles, I mean you guys aren't really well known in the consumer side.  And you're getting the word out. You're essentially talking about a consumer message. What I'm hearing up there, fast, mobile. It's a consumerization kind of mindset.  You know, so how do you do that? Okay, how do you... And one, tell us on the operating side, your costs, are they more operating costs? How are you trimming down your op costs? So this is the challenge of IT, consumerization. Absolutely, I think first of all, as a CEO of a high-tech company, you have to be part of the first move or even sometimes you have to figure out what's the next move is, and then you have to do it fast. In this case, I already saw, we already saw a beginning of 2010 with the tablet devices and then also other devices coming in our role from a consumer side, you have two choices. You can drive that, drive the implementation, drive the discussion, staying on top, or you do nothing and then the business is bypassing you. There's no question about it because a lot of businesses, our lines of business are so sophisticated that you can buy services, cloud services, or that could easily provide that service. So my recommendation on the consumer side, get ready and think about, from a mobile strategy point of view, how can I enable consumer devices in the corporate world? And we did this at the iPad to tell us we're ready with the European launch in May, end of May, and then we moved also into, with the acquisition of Cybers, into device management tools to have an end-to-end operation and then also be device agnostic. That's another message also for my folks out there is there will be no, not only one device, it will be multiple devices, the change of new devices or new devices coming up will even increase. So thinking about how can I enable those consumer devices in a rapid way, but still secure and professional. Yeah, hold on Dave, one more question. So IT has a scorecard, used to be how many PCs are connected to the desktop, what applications are running. Now with the mobile message, mobile's the new desktop as Bill McDermott said. Mobility of the iPad and the iPhone are great benchmarks for IT because if it can run on an iPhone, if it can run on a tablet, then it's really working. But that's hard to do, right? You're going to need virtualization, you need to have good transport, really good low-latency apps at the edge, basically serving up at the edge. So how do you get there? You guys are showing that message here. How do you make the iPad, the iPhone and Android devices sing like that well technically? Because that's ultimately like the eye candy. I think, again, the first step is, those are consumer devices, you have to manage them end-to-end. And with the Apple device, Android, there is no device management there. So security, asset management, managing this end-to-end is absolutely because in the moment you put customer data out there and somebody lose the device, you have a reputation risk. That's number one. Number two is the number one use case for tablet devices right now is mobile business intelligence. Because the devices are super for easy access to data, consumption of data, making fast decisions. So we put our critical dashboards on the tablet like the whole sales pipeline management, opportunity management, financial, et cetera, so that decision makers have access to this information. So here is another extension of the story. I think that's a home run. I personally, just from my editorial perspective, that is the angle. That is the core issue right now is how do you use the device for business advantage? People want to know a little bit more detail on how you do that. You've got these legacy applications. They don't just run on the iPad. You're using new tools, new platforms, new frameworks. I can easily, the quick win for that because in our environment, we have all our dashboards on business objects, tools, et cetera. With the business explorer on the iPad and also on other devices, you can transform those reports in a few days and put them on the iPad. That's the quick win because then you have access to business critical information here. So the next level is, and we moved our CRM system with three terabyte of data, 650,000 opportunities into an in-memory appliance. Nowadays, no restriction anymore from a data perspective. You have access to that and analyze here real-time where is my business and if you see immediately updates if there's a business close in North America and Asia and use this information to drive your resource allocation decision making. So the whole sales management is on that platform and drive the business because they have full visibility consistent and have online access everywhere there. Do you have the equivalent of an app store or your customers asking for an app store? Yeah, there are two choices. Number one choices is with the Cybers Afarrier, you have an app store, how to push and pull apps into devices. That's important because a lot of customers are restricting access to iTunes. That's the mobile. The second is you heard today the app store announcement and the business by design. This will be also the app site going forward for mobile apps. So the app store for other software products of SAP going forward. So when I think of the app store, of course you think of Apple and you think of application suppliers like Zynga. Okay, so in this equation, and I wonder what you advise Shinabae and McDermott as a CIO, is SAP or should SAP be the Apple platform? Should it be the Zynga application or both? I think both. I think from my perspective, I think there's a huge potential to be the iTunes in the enterprise business. And across the different, but even broader because you have different categories of application, different delivery models. So from that perspective, I think there's a huge opportunity there. And in talking to my peers and looking at that, we need more and more also, not only access to those applications, we need also an internal app store for the employees to pick and choose. And that's something I think is a great opportunity. Oliver, what is the most amazing thing that you've done last year? The amazing thing? The most amazing thing you've done in terms of the IT, because you're drinking your own beer, you're making beer or champagne. You're playing with a lot of technology and you've got a lot of challenges. I mean, you have to essentially manage, the airplane is flying and you're changing the engine. You have guinea pig for all the technology and you have to report back to the business units. You're a key player in the engine. I think that's an important learning also for me is you can be a functional CAO, running your business, infrastructure application, managers, vendors, service levels. You can also help to transform the business. But the worst case is you work seven days, 24 hours in the black box and nobody realize the value. I think the new type of CAO has to be thinking about how can I enable the business to be part of the business? So be part of the go-to market model of SAP to help them drive innovation to be feedback and also share experiences and utilizing social media to intact with different people. Because if you follow me on Twitter with SAP CAO, I have over 1,000 people following me. I have a blog. SAP CIO, is your Twitter handle? SAP CIO is my Twitter handle. What's your personal handle, Twitter handle? Private? That's it, right? That's it. SAP CIO and there's also a blog, SAP.com slash CIO. So, and that's a different way of communication because there is no border to access, to talk to me, you know, customers, employees. And yesterday we reached over 120,000 people yesterday on our broadcast. It's perfect. And it's a new channel. And that's the way to communicate. Right, but Jeremy was talking about reaching 100,000. We said, we're going to reach 100,000. So double that number. Absolutely. We also mentioned he validated social media. Blogs also with 100,000 folks out of Europe. And I believe, and by the way, with the tablet, I think my communication behavior as an executive has changed because it's easy.  You have to, especially in the high tech. And, you know, with the apps out there that you can scan 50, 60 RSS feed and scan every night what's going on there. Plus you follow certain thought, a leader on Twitter what they are sharing about SAP. You can share, comment and be active out there. So I wouldn't do this with my laptop because the integration of social media here is much easier and I have only two clicks out there. So it's part of my daily routine. It's a new connected distributed network. Absolutely, absolutely. It's totally a network and the core message that Schnabe was talking about was the collaboration. And that's changing the face of IT. So I mean, there's a people equation in all of this, right? I mean, you have a people equation both on the extraction of knowledge from the marketplace but internal to IT. There's been kind of a 10 year, I don't say cloud around IT. There's just haven't been much innovation. And if you've been working in IT for the past 10 years it's been like do more with less. And also now we've got this renaissance of innovation and people are excited. They're excited about big data. They're excited about what we call fast data. They're excited about mobility. They find apps and frameworks. And so there's a huge seed change of mindset. And it's changing the role of the CIO, isn't it? Absolutely. And I think- Share with us your views on that. My first of view is I think you have to be part of that. You have to be in a driver's seat and bravely thinking about few people in your team that can work on those topics to enable them to play, to utilize it and come back. Is it working or not? And then go for it. That's important. On the other side, still I have to manage my financials, my competitive unit costs, et cetera. That's a given. So running your IT as a business with a business plan, understanding your financial unit costs, and then at the same time be on top of the innovation and be out there and be a strong communicator. I think that's the question. I mean, the whole experimental thing is a great message, but the reality is, I mean, that's good if you're like a public cloud and you're doing DevOps, but if you're running a business and you guys are powering businesses, you can't just say, hey, let's just start playing with some of these buttons over here and roll it out.  How do you handle that? And I think one important message also, you can have these analytics and mobile. If you don't have a clean system of records, if you don't have the engine, and Jimmy was absolutely right this morning saying, you see more garbage faster. Then before because that, you know, this will, you know, technology will allow that. So, foundation, you know, if we would not have the single centralized ERP system, CRM, HR, corporate business warehouse, I would have a chance today to put all the data in a consistent way out there. So that's something that you can be thinking about those kind of super innovation, but if the foundation is not there from the data, from the way how you are handling your system of records, it will be very difficult. So, you know, it used to be John that CIO stood for, you know, the old joke, career is over, okay? But we're talking about the new role of the CIO. It's very dynamic position. Do you think, and I know it's not a yes or no question, but I'm going to ask it as a yes or no question. Do you think the CIO should report directly to the CEO? I think so. I think especially today with now the innovation coming back and if you see that innovation can really change business models, how you operate, you know, you get more mobile, you can, with the big data, the capabilities, you can also be faster to make decision predictive analysis. I think if the CIO understand that, and that's important, understand the power of innovation and IT, and then I think reporting on to the CIO can be very, can be a win-win situation. Do you report to two guys, is that? I'm reporting to the CEO of SAPD, and he runs also the whole SAP support organization, which is very helpful for me because he can help me also, if there are any challenges to get activated, access to be very good expert to get it solved. So, I think that's it. By the way, I think it's the right model too, and I don't think, I think most CIOs don't report to the CEO, and then I was reading recently that Sony, John, they didn't even have a CISO, right? And now of course, they've got to, so that's another critical component. Yeah, I think the overall challenge, I think, is, and the reason why I said you have to be out there, you have to be in the driver's seat there, the worst case is that the position of the CEO is downgraded to a lower level. Not even reporting anymore to the CEO, to the C-level more to a business head or, because if the, at the end, becoming only an execution function, instead of a strategic function. So, that's the risk that I see if, If that's a big risk, it has to be strategic, because IT is going to enable some powerful changes, you saw some of the analytics that you guys are providing, real-time scenario planning, as Bill McDermott was pointing out on stage, that's a strategic function. You can't go to the well for that in six months and have an answer. I mean, that's your data warehouse model. I can tell you, you know, without that we start our infrastructure of the mobility topic in the beginning of last year, and the experience that we gained, the credibility that we got in having these experiences helped also our business to understand, and that's something, at the end, it's a win-win situation. My final question, Dave, because we have to break and go do a remote and the floor is, obviously big data is a big part of the story.  We don't hear about Hadoop or anything else. It seems that inherently, you guys are doing big data from before big data was big data. I mean, you're handling large amounts of customer data, moving it to the edge via the mobility and in memory with the side-based acquisition. So, you got this big data. Mindset and platform, how has it changed the customer service side of the business or the services we call the services angle? Because now you have the ability to create IT infrastructure that can service the edge very rapidly. Has that changed any of the value chains and the business practices of SAP, and how do customers out there, your peers or CIOs out there, how should they think about those downstream edge points, specifically customer service and these other services? Definitely, if I see that this kind of technology is available, and again, I want to stress it's a combination of what's going on the hardware side, the multi-course and parallel processing and the rum and the pricing coming down like crazy, like we saw the last few months, and then also the software too, looking at compression at column store, database, et cetera, the combination, that's the power package. So, let me explain what I believe is in the pipeline. If you see that, from a customer service perspective, you can predict from a, if you consume a good company, if you see what will be a better forecast for the next few days, and you see the potential consumption go up, and you can simulate with all the data for entire region or country and activate the supply chain. That's compelling. It's very competitive. That's game-changing. I mean, that's, as Bill mentioned, that's game-changing. That's game-changing, and you can do this on the fly, or you run on the fly your profitability calculation that would maybe take days. That's a strategic, that's another good argument for the strategic nature of IT, because what you're talking about is from a savings optimization standpoint, it's significant, from a delivery new customer, dealing with either existing customers and or securing new customers, that's serving people in the trenches. That's like frontline guys and delivering business. You got to be nimble and you got strategic function there. How could IT be in a silo? And again, I think the key successor will be the orchestration. Because you have the records of system, you have the ability to process big data and then make them available through mobility. And I think the only company that can really can do this is... Okay, I'm John Furrier with SiliconANGLE.tv, the worldwide leader in tech event coverage. We're inside theCUBE with Oliver Boosman, the CIO of SAP, sharing his knowledge. He's a smart node, he's a tech athlete, as we call. Call it, welcome. I mean, thank you for coming to theCUBE, appreciate it. Dave, I got to...


When we think about security, it's mostly like server side, firewalls, or some injection of the server. But usually when people develop apps, especially because they do SPAs and they're doing a lot of front-end work, we usually don't think about security. And that's bad. Okay. First, let me introduce myself. I'm Rieber Bitski. I'm a co-founder of a company called Web Store in SRO, and our company helps people to bring the security of the e-commerce startups, and we're working mostly in e-commerce field. Okay. First of all, why React? So this is a survey about JavaScript world from 2018, and as you can see, React is the most adapted framework nowadays. And if you go to Medium or other web sources, you'll find out that people are talking about React a lot, but unfortunately, they're not talking too much about security in React. How to build secure apps. Let's take a look to OWASP. So OWASP is the most popular security issues, and it is recently created a new list. So as you can see, they are more or less the same, and if you take a look to front-end side, those are the two common issues, like cross-site scripting, it's like a common one in the web world, and thanks God in 2017 it's less popular. And, you know, we still use vulnerable compliance. And I think that if success issues came from line number three to number seven, because we have a lot of automated tools, like even some machine learning practices, how to prevent developers writing bad code. But we have another issue, and like broken authentication or sensitive data exposure, this is not about technology. It's more about people, and it's more about your developers. How good your code quality is, and if you think about security in advance. So let's go through this list and see how these issues can appear in your front-end SPAs in React, and how you can avoid them. So let's start with broken authentication. This is a very, very common issue, because in any application you have to log in, you have to authorize your users, and sometimes you don't think about how to do it properly. And especially in single-page applications, first of all you have to think how you're going to measure your session, how you're going to store your sessions. And there are not so many ways of doing this. The most common one is you still use cookies.  But it's okay if you have one standalone modification, but if you're talking about microservices world, then you have a bunch of different services talking to each other. It's not that useful. So that's one, like GWT tokens, so like other tokens came on board, and you can store your tokens in a web browser local storage. In this case, you in your JavaScript code know what it is, and you have some payload, some data, and you can pass it to different microservices. But web storage is not that good from performance point of view. It's like synchronized calls, and it's a bit slow sometimes. Another option is you can use index DB. That's a more modern thing in the web world. So it's kind of built-in database in your web browser. It's asynchronous, so it works faster, but it has a really horrible interface. So usually you have some wrappers on top of that to make your code more or less readable. So let's talk how you can insecure cookies. First of all, when you get a cookie from a server, it has some parameters. First you must set secure flag to be true, and it means that your cookie will be passed only over HTTPS protocol, so you cannot steal it or sniff it. Then you should set the HTTP-only flag for the cookie. It means your browser from JavaScript does not have access to it, and in this way you protect from XSF attacks. The problem is if you have some payload in this cookie that you want to use in your SPA, then this approach is not going to work. This is a new flag called same-side-strict. It means if you have a cookie and if you're passing it to your secure endpoint, the cookie will be passed to the browser only to a particular domain, and in this case you avoid a CSRF attack. And all modern browsers support it, and it's highly recommended to start using it. Then you can set up expiration dates and time for your cookies as well, so please don't create long, one-year-living-life cookies, because then someone can steal them. The next approach is session management via JSON web tokens. I have to say that it's probably the most popular way how you do authentication or session management nowadays, especially in single-page applications. So this is an open standard, and it's a stateless token that uses most of authorization and information exchange if you have multiple wrestling points, and you want to pass information about your user roles or something else, you can keep it in the token. Usually tokens look like this, so it has three sections. The first section is information about what algorithm you're using and what is your signature algorithm for that, because they're signed with a private key or with your public and private key depending on your configuration. So header, it's encryption information, then you have payload, this is a gray one, and then you have your signature. You have different options how you can sign your tokens. You can use HMAC, and in this case you use one private key, because it might be shared between all your microservices. Or you can use RSA, so you just have to share your public key between all your services, not private key. So in just a few useful libraries, if you want to work with JWT tokens, then you most probably will use JSON web token and NPM package. And in case you want to create a token where your payload is encrypted, there probably are a lot of cases when you want to do that, because in this case you have to deliver your secret key to the client that's not secure. So there's a standard called GWE and GWS. In this case, there's a library to work with that. It's called NodeJaws. If you need some encryption inside JWT tokens, then you can play with it. So in WASP 2017, we have another vulnerability, insecure digitalization. It means that, let's say you have a token, and you can put some information to your payload, for example user ID. And then what happens on the server side, you send this token and you don't check your, for example, your signature, let us write out that it was used. And it means that malicious guy can just go and change the user ID and authenticate as a different user. And I honestly have seen it a few times, so it's pretty bad. And JWT token validation is vulnerable to this thing. So in the standard, they have different headers where you can specify your algorithm, you can specify your expiration or you can specify who created the token. So, for example, out is a user algorithm and it could be a symmetric or asymmetric. And then in your payload, you can specify your expiration time, your domain name, who created the token, and you can do please use token in 15 minutes or so. So to secure, the rules for validation is, first of all, whenever JWT token comes to you, make sure that a bad algorithm is used. For example, you can create a token that's algorithm equals none. It means it's not signed. And like a few years ago, it was a common security issue. So even like libraries, like why do you use libraries? They didn't check algorithm out of the box. So you can create a token with algorithm none. And then the libraries pass the validation even if they require signature. You must specify, obviously, like an expiration time. And in case of JWT, it should be as short as possible, like 10, 15 minutes maximum. And finally, this is a table where you can see different vulnerabilities and how to protect against them. So I think, since the same site cookie flag is widely adopted, I'd probably recommend to use cookies nowadays if you don't need to do something on the client side. But make sure you use the same site flag because then you're immune to SRF as well. So broken access control. That's another common family of security issues when developers just don't think about, don't check all their permissions on the client side, on the server side. In terms of React, if you check any enterprise, more as big enterprise application, you will see like spaghetti code like this. If your role is equal to this, then render something. And if you have code like this, it's really hard to maintain it. Let's say you added new security role and you have to change your interface based on that. It means you have to go through all your code and apply the fix. There's the solution for that. There's a library called Castle. So Castle is a component where you have one data store for your authorization policy. Whenever you authenticate a user, you get all his permissions and then you have like one data store and then you can have React components that will render your application based on your role. So you install it. After you install the package, you define your policy. So if you look like this, it looks like a can view all. It means the client user has redone the access to the system and nothing more. After you have the policy, you create a, as you call it, can component. The can component will look like this.  So here we check if I can update a page then we end up updating. Another problem with React is, or with any SPA, that we use client-side routing. It means that we manage all the URLs in the browser. And in case of React, probably go-to solution is the React router. But React router doesn't support your authorization features out of the box. This is the code of how you can wrap your router with this can, this castle, and check your permissions. And after that, your routing will look like this. So if I can update a page, then I can go to update URL. Otherwise, your user will be redirected to login page or access denied. So sensitive data exposure. That's another new family of vulnerabilities, and the reason is developers don't, usually don't think about how they're managing encryption, how they work with encryption, or, for example, as we saw in the previous talk, what data we're going to expose to public. Okay, so in case of any web development, please make sure that you use the S7T web encryption nowadays. And now you don't need to pay for the Azure certificate. Just go and use web encryption. And if you're talking about client-side, modern browsers are smart enough to encrypt the data on the client. So there is W2G, W3C standards called web-cryptor APIs. So it provides you symmetric and asymptomatic encryption. So you can do RSAs, elliptic curves, or IS encryption on the client. And if you have to deal with elder browsers, you can use Stanford Library. And I did some performance testing. It's quite good, it's quite performant, especially if you're running it on Node.js. It provides you almost the same performance as OpenSL, built-in encryption algorithms. Okay, cross-stitching is a lovely one that is still alive, unfortunately. That's a big, like, long topic, and you can talk a few hours how you can hack, react, because it's not that secure, as we may think of. But let's concentrate on how we can prevent our developers writing bad code and preventing XSS. If you create your application using a React app, this is like a go-to solution for React, then it will bring ESLint by default. This is a list of plugins that it can help you. There's a plugin for XSS. There's a plugin that will check the security, some common security issues, and... Markdown React, so... Markdown here, because, you know, sometimes developers think, okay, I'm not going to write any JavaScript code or HTML code on my front-end. I will just get a Markdown file, Markdown is just text, it's on HTML, so I'm secure. Unfortunately, that's not the case, and I saw some examples, because Markdown is converted to your HTML anyway, and whenever Markdown is rendered in React, usually it does not apply HTML encoding, so it means whatever is rendered as a Markdown rendered output will go to your browser. And you can add some malicious JavaScript and malicious code into Markdown as well. And this is another sample that I've seen in real-life projects when you have malicious code coming from Markdown rendered on the browser. Using components with non-vulnerabilities. Okay, so it's 2019, so the good news are we have tools that can audit all the systems, and after recent security problems in NPM when some modules were hacked and some platform was added to them, NPM came with this tool called NPM Audit. So whenever you do NPM install, NPM itself will check all your dependencies against security database and let you know if something is broken or not. And they also are trying to fix it if you run NPM Audit fix. If it's possible to fix, if the fixed version is just a minor change for the library you're using, then it will apply the changes. Otherwise you have to do it manually. And there's another product called SNCC. It's also quite popular, and it's not just about JavaScript, it's also, I think, they do at Ruby and PHP as well. So it's a big, giant database of vulnerable components. And you can check your code against it. So it was like a really short, brief introduction about what you can do right now to make your React application secure. As a summary, I would suggest you, first of all, think about risk management because security is also all about risk management.  But if you're building a big e-commerce portal, then you have to think about security a lot, and you have to have a budget for that. Also, please invest in security training for developers because, as you can see, the common issues are not because of tools, but because of developers. Because developers don't think about how the application might be hacked, and probably they even don't know how the application might be hacked. So education, I think, is very important. Also, if you can avoid writing code related to security, please do it. If there is a component, just use it because most of these components came from security companies and they audited and probably the security companies know what they're writing. And yeah, don't trust any input. Here I'm just talking about the user input, also from the database. For example, there was a case when the markdown came from a third-party system and it came to the database and then it was rendered on the website. And in this data stream was some malicious code. Basically, yeah, you never know where you can get the malicious input. And yeah, try to automate as much as you can. Use tools automation. That's it. Thank you. Very, very short introduction.


Chesterfield away at the weekend. We can remember the goal you scored there in 2014. How does that rank amongst the goals you scored? Good one. Yeah, that was a good one. It's up there, yeah. It was good timing on my birthday as well. I think I remember it went down the Christmas Day straight after that. 11-0. Good goal, yeah. It's up there. The Chesterfield have started the season quite well. They're in the top half of the table. What sort of challenge are you expecting? It's going to be difficult like every game is. They've been scoring goals. They scored three against a good Jillingham team. Choosing out, so it's going to be another tough test. It's a tough place to go. They've got some good players and we need to be right on it. If we take our foot off the gas or have an off day, then we'll come up short, so we need to be right on it again. And the away end is expected to be near enough sold out at Chesterfield this weekend. How much of a difference do these type of away followings make? Yeah, it's brilliant, you know. It's unbelievable when you go and you kind of nearly have more crowd than the home team. It's just kind of surreal, really. I really enjoy it, yeah, and hopefully we can do that for all our away games.


The Southwest Governors Forum has directed all commanders of Southwest Security Network codenamed Amutakun to immediately begin joint operations to stem the spate of inter-curity in the region. Governor Oluwa Lutsimi Akiraidulu of Wondo State, who is also the chairman of the forum, said this in a statement. Akiraidulu described the attack at Igonko as a cowley onslaught. He also urged security agencies to get to the root of the act of provocation. The suspected gunman had a Saturday attacked Igonko community in Ibarapuan North Local Government Area of Oluwa State, leaving at least 20 people dead.


Hey everyone welcome back to figure fantasy, so we have here 4-1 to 4-6 Okay, guys, so that is it for sacred tour Levels 4-1 to level 6. So I'll see you in the next video for sacred tour level 5. Thank you guys Stay safe. Take care. This is the warden and I'm out of here