Today, I am so happy to be here with Andrea Jay Lee First of all, let me say hi to Andrea and then I'll talk about your background. Thank you so much for being here So I just want to I want to share with people about what I know about your background And then we can get in the conversation. So I am really honored to be talking with Andrea because She is a really experienced coach I mean she has been I'm seeing this from your bio, but correct me and wrong So and you've been coaching Since 2003, I mean you have right is that right and you've had a coaching business So you were really I would say one of the people that I mean for those of us who are still doing it I mean you one of you know, you have a lot of history with this So you have mentored a lot of the people that that I've looked up to that I have partnered with that I've worked with so And you have four books and you're coming out with your fifth or is this the fourth one coming out the fourth one is coming out Yeah, awesome. Yeah, I have the gray hairs to show for all of that We don't we don't need many years to have gray hairs But what I'm really I'm really want to appreciate is that you have tried different models of how Coaching works and how business works, you know, both offline and online couple years ago, you did something called wealthy thought leader, which some people here may have heard of and And now you're doing something called The that while you're doing something called power lab, which we'll talk about and you have something coming up called innovation Income through innovation, right? So we'll talk about all that, but I just want to just Just say I'm so grateful to have you here and I'm looking forward to all the insights you can share with my audience. Oh Gosh, I feel like it's exactly. I feel like you're introducing yourself. You have all of this too, you know It's really fun to be with you. And of course we have a shared Taiwanese background.  Yeah Yeah, it's fun. Thank you for having me here. So and you're in Canada. Just right. Yes What the part of Canada on the West Coast and on one of the Gulf Islands It's actually a tiny little island with only a thousand people on it.  Yeah, that's cool And but you do serve clients and students all over the world. Yes, people kind of come to your events online and things like that So I want to ask you there's so many things I want to ask you but since you are doing this income through innovation Incoming up. I want to I want you to talk about what you consider to be innovation. What is innovation? What does that mean to you? innovation is a way of looking at something freshly and so When we have thinking rats ways in which we have been Making assumptions about how a business can work or how our lives have to be or People around us like culture and advertising telling us that we should be working a certain way Anything that's counterculture and contrasting with the that prevailing story is innovation. Oh I love that. And so what have you seen as the I guess mainstream way of doing business that You like to just juxtapose And and maybe guide your clients in doing yeah, oh gosh, such a good question. So Speed is good Right, right. Yes. Fast fast fast. Yes Like hurry up and create your things and then hurry up and buy things or hurry up and make people enroll in things fast Yeah How about That you should listen to your market and when you're creating your income streams That's that's a prevailing message. And it's it's not that these prevailing messages are wrong It's just that one size doesn't fit all And so when I like to talk about innovation, it's to help people realize that Even if somebody is telling you that you absolutely must do X thing You must question it for and ask if it's right for you. So When I say the prevailing wisdom is Ask your market and create income streams at your market once I Actually think an innovative way of thinking is what what do you the creator of the income stream want? what What is something that is Spiritually satisfying to you and that can you can sustain And that isn't a should for you. Mm-hmm. Yeah Yeah, so those are the kinds of innovative thoughts that but that's what I mean totally So let's let's go in that direction then because I I'm really curious what you would think about this there are a lot of visionary or heart-based entrepreneurs who create Something that they're really excited about that they that really feeds them But Maybe they're ahead of their time or something or maybe their audience isn't big enough That they have a hard time getting enrollment for There's many reasons for that and some people maybe aren't even getting enough visibility for they're not even telling enough people about it But sometimes they are telling people about it and for whatever reason Let's say that person is having a hard time. How would you what encouragement do you have for them? So one of the main ways that I think you also espouse George and you are a great model of is to follow a process I call creating proof and Basically, it's a like to test Your idea the thing that you believe so strongly in in a nimble and inexpensive Low-risk way. Yeah, and in so doing actually helped educate the market and Hope them understand that they might want this new thing Mm-hmm. I love that and Can you give us? Can you think of your own kind of example where? You've been testing these and how do you how do you test? How do you like to test things? You know, I I feel so lucky to be able to just go to social media. I mean so many people say Like very few things are all good or all bad, right? So social media, of course It's difficult in some ways, but I think it's a very easy platform accessible to everybody. It's very Democratic, right? free And I'll post I'm curious How many of you resonate with the phrase business as unusual? or And just to be clear that businesses as unusual is the name of your upcoming book. That's right It's the current working title of the upcoming book Um, so in that way I'm testing the title of that book Um, I belong to an online business manager community I think you probably know that I'm involved in that community and they Recently have asked me to train them in coaching skills so I have this new coaching tool that is called the like it's a hiring daisy It's a daisy like a flower and it's a diagram of a daisy and it's one of my ideas This could be like a crazy idea. It could be a good idea. It could be a bad idea, you know So I'm gonna draw it quickly teach it on social media inside the group and You know show a video of it and then let's see. Let's see if I get booze and tomatoes Or if I get engagement questions good questions Yes, you bet. Yeah, that's cool. Yeah, I find that When one of my ideas isn't really The right fit for my people. I don't usually get tomatoes, but I get crickets You're like nobody says anything and then now I know oh, okay All right, this is not really exciting to my people right now and I have other ideas to try. I I think that's so beautiful to remind people like I you know How many ideas you have from like from just from nine o'clock today George? How many ideas do you think we've had? Well, I've learned to park things. So it's like I've learned that God I have so many ideas. I have to just park them and and a rhythmic way kind of just introduce them gradually Yeah So so tell so one of the things that you really value is bringing this bring the idea of nature or learning from nature and how we can Do business in them? Well business as unusual business in a more holistic way compared to the mainstream way is much more You know reductionist So what is yeah, what does it mean for you to how do you think about nature and how does that relate to how we do business? Yeah, I I love I remember watching some of your videos where you were showing like ducks and parks and Yes, I love that. Yeah, I live in a tiny place with just trees all around So I'm very inspired by nature and one of the ways I think it's helpful to think about nature to help us Think freshly about how to grow our businesses George when when in the Dominant culture when people go and buy a piece of land to build a house Oftentimes you all here, you know, well that thing is in the way. So we'll just dynamite that you know and Well, there's there's like a water situation over here. So we'll just fill that in with a bunch of stuff And I don't I don't really care where the sun is I'm gonna build my house in this corner of this piece of property and That that is a Can I say like a colonialistic? like Like power over the land way to build a home In the green movements when you have someone building an environmentally friendly home in partnership with the land Sounds much different, right? And so it's like, alright, where is the sun? Let me build To meet the sun There's a rock here, how can I let that shape the house plan Instead of fighting it use the shape of the land as assets and as a guide Similarly with income streams, I think the landscape that we're looking at is the strengths and assets of the human that is creating the business Are you an extrovert an introvert? Do you like to travel? Do you like to network?  Do you love to write these are the natural? This is the natural landscape That we're building an income stream on and so I think it's such a relief to not fight against ourselves and to take this fresh concept from building a home on the land in a green way and make Environmentally friendly income streams for the humans that run them. Oh, I love that that. Yeah, the income streams fit the provider and It fits the client. Yes. Yeah, and and if and naturally There is less Hustle there's less Persuasion, you know kind of like trying to get people interested in something So no, that's that's and because the provider it's better fit for the provider. It's much more sustainable I mean, that's one of the things I you know, I in the intro to you I said, you know among those of us who are still doing this you have your you're still here and you're still thriving And I mean that says a lot it really does because I think about the people I partnered with when I first started A lot of them are not around anymore. I mean, maybe they're back in the corporate job or something like that and it's like wait, but Right. It's like that Like wow, why can't we build a business? From our soul's expression and and and continue to evolve it, which is why you said income through innovation. So How do you like to work with people Andrea? I'm really curious given that you have tried different models of coaching people of teaching I Don't know whatever you want to talk about in that regard like in terms of what have you tried and what's working really well for you now Yeah, thank you. Um, I'd love to share what works for me and share it in a way that I hope will be an eye-opener maybe to everyone who's listening I cherished relationship and It shows in my business model The majority I would say the majority of my work is still one-on-one. I Do have a group. It's an online coaching group.  So I have one-on-one coaching I have group coaching and they have in person offerings like You know getting together George if we were to want to master mine together and work on each other's businesses in person And kind of live life together a little bit and then coach, you know, like that I will shadow coach events or workshops for people But the thing that's in common with all of these things is there's an element of just in time and closeness That I find so nourishing I find it very difficult to coach people at a distance I Feel like I'm only coaching like you know that You know that Sufi story about the the men touching an elephant and everyone is only touching one part Yes So the one person thinks the elephant is thin and like a snake because they're touching the tail and other person things It's like, you know, like a stingray because they're touching the ear only like everyone comes away with a different idea of an elephant If I'm coaching a person at a distance This isn't the same for everyone but it is my experience that I feel like I'm only coaching part of a person So I like to get in partnership with clients who this works for obviously And they're really understand holistically what's working and not not working in their life So that the business can fit in like a house that fits in perfectly with the hill on the land And it's okay if you love that to ask that in the partnerships with your clients And it's okay. Also, if you think if you're listening to this, you're like, whoa, I don't like the sounds of that at all. Andrea I don't want that much closeness with my clients it So I I think that that says a little bit about how I like to work people whether it's one-on-one or in groups or in person, but I Over time I've definitely changed and I know George you're the same way. I've definitely tried a lot of things What I don't like is I'll say this and maybe controversial is I don't like the the cultural Expectation to charge as much as possible. I don't know if that's interesting to talk a little bit more about Well, yeah, because with the kinds of mentoring coaching experience you have you should be charging $80,000 an hour No, good Yeah, but it's so so yes, let's talk about this because Some people might say well gosh, you know You know, she's written these books. She's she's led these Different programs successfully. She's mentored all these people. She she must be way out of the our price range, but But not necessarily No, and I know that to be true of you like I feel like again, George, we share so much. So I I think so I'll say this in general to try to be useful to anyone who's listening It's totally fine to charge to charge and it's totally fine to charge plenty um What I think is not necessarily right and maybe somebody will disagree I hope to engage in constructive conversation about it if someone disagrees, but Just because you can charge more. I don't think you should I Don't believe that I think that Money is a resource just like the earth just like the fruit on a tree Just because you can pick more and keep more in your arms doesn't mean you should How much do you need? How much will be delicious for you? What what what feels good about sharing can in pricing my own coaching I like to say of course. I'm running a business. I'm modeling running a business and charging my value But I am an advocate for my clients keeping as much money in their pockets as well There's enough for everybody. Yeah, yeah, it's beautiful. Yes Thank you for that. And I also think about the others in the industry, you know, it's like Someone who's charging a lot is basically taking more from them the the available resources in that industry It's like, okay, you know and also we get Like if someone is paying us a great deal amount of money There's a lot of pressure also to like wow They're they're spending a lot of the resources with us and is that the right amount of pressure that we should be expecting? but I Want to go back to coaching because you have mentored lots of coaches and lots of consultants You know, you you are so it's so you're so skilled at it now that it's you know, I mean I Remember, you know that that listening to an interview with you When I you know Close to when I started the business and like she's already so good at this You know like now you've gotten you've gotten even better at it So what would you say to somebody who says I want to become a better? coach Consultant or like a provider a healer. Um, how do I I know there's you've written books about this but how do I like what's what's What's alive for you right now in terms of how we How we might better serve clients like yeah, what's important to you now? It is a beautifully phrased question. It what it allows me to access George is that I Actually think less is more So When I'm coaching now because I have the experience that I have The question I'm carrying around that I'm trying to live is what's the right dose of What to say and Then enough quiet so that it's like it's like they're saying Only by removing can we create perfection once you've removed everything that you need to remove that is art It's like a sculpting us for sculptors, you know, so When we're new coaches, I remember having the feedback from a supervisor That I did a lot of talking in my coaching session just like right now But this is an interview. So I guess it's okay Yeah, yeah, no, you're you're don't you don't you're not as talkative as you know a lot of interviewees So you are very yeah, you are giving the right dose also But yeah, you're you're the supervisor were saying that oh a lot of talking too much talking And so as I am getting more skilled as coaches become more skilled or you aspire to become better I think this is a very good thing to keep in mind. What's the least amount you can say? for the best effect Same with building a business. What's the least amount of effort for the most? Wonderful return in your business financially in other words seek the minimum level. Yes Yes, you know, it it's I think it's very what you're saying is very foundational to to the true idea of coaching which is empowering the client, right? It's like letting helping the client wake up to their read their own resources thereby having those skills that they've developed be much more self-empowered rather than Depending on us more and more and more right right, right exactly and when we talk a lot We're actually kind of stealing their experience, right? Interesting wow Yeah, that's worth that's worth pondering on So Time is quickly coming up close for our interview and I I want to thank you for this We could talk hours and hours on this but Tell us what if somebody is saying gosh, Andrea, I do want to work with you in some way What are the different ways that people can can start to work with you? Thank you I think it would be really fun to invite people to come to this little five part email It's a little email-based. Yeah, mini course. What's it about completely free. It's about income through innovation. Oh great great Yeah, and it has exercises In it some visualizations and things that you can actually fill in and should give you real progress so it's that income through innovation calm and Some of my favorite writing some of my favorite Analogies and Fresh ways to look at things like some of what we've talked about today So I invite everybody to take that in and then from there if you're interested in Pursuing a conversation about how to go to a next step. There will be instructions in there. So I really welcome that Your newsletter is one of the few that I actually still subscribe to so It is it is a good invitation Great well you have Yeah, you've mentioned you do work one-on-one with people. You also have group programs You have of course an active social media so people should follow you there I'll have the links to whatever links you want me to include them either So thank you so much Andrea. Maybe give us one last Encouragement to the person who's saying I want to build a business that is unusual. That is that is me. That's fits with me Maybe up to now they have tried different things and it hasn't worked as well as they'd like or maybe some things have worked But they they want to they really want to step it up this year and then make it work well for them What what's like a closing encouragement you want to share? You know, it's so great because that the five-part a course is definitely going to help with that But one of the things I write about in there for this very moment, even if you don't have time to go subscribe to that When people struggle with Getting their businesses to feel like they're in flow It's usually because there's something is missing or broken About how they're doing it and a lot of times people will avoid it And not think about it and just try a new thing So my invitation to you is to remember the pearl inside an oyster Doesn't form unless there's a grit first so What is the grit That is pissing you off making you upset Getting you annoyed and frustrated and stuck journal on it bring it out. Let the grit be alive So that we can use it to turn into a pearl and a lot of times the struggles will melt away from there Wow, that is profound. Thank you so much for that. Yeah Well, I'm looking forward to getting the the five parts Exercises and things like that too. So I'll be sure to check that out. Thank you so much Andrea I've heard all the work you do. Thank you for having me George. Thanks


Suspense. This is the man in black. Here again to introduce Columbia's program, Suspense. Our starring Hollywood cast of characters reads as follows for tonight. As Anjuli, one of those stark, severe and terrifying women who is encountered ever so often along the grimmer outposts of the American countryside, Miss Agnes Moorhead, as Carol Linden, the girl who returned to a scene of childhood happiness and found terror living in the house, Miss Ellen Drew, as Paul Carroll's husband who had his own ideas as to the explanation of these strange events, Mr. Ted Reid. A first radio play by Larry Roman called Uncle Henry's Rosebush is tonight's Tale of Suspense. If you have been with us before, you will know that suspense is compounded of mystery and suspicion and dangerous adventure. In this series, our tales calculated to intrigue, to stir your nerves, to offer you a precarious situation and then withhold the solution until the last possible moment. And so it is with Uncle Henry's Rosebush and the performances of Agnes Moorhead as Anjuli, Ellen Drew as Carol and Ted Reid as Paul. We again hope to keep you in suspense. I shall tell you the story exactly as it happened. There's no use pretending. I'll never forget and I know I'll not awake and find it all a dream. It's real and for the rest of my life, I shall know it's real. Paul was to have his first vacation since we were married. I suggested we visit my Aunt Julie and Uncle Henry who had a small form of state. They had always been very kind to me. When I was a child, I used to spend my summer vacations with them. They loved children. I've often wondered why they never had any of their own. Some time ago I'd lost track of them. They had never seen Paul and I was certain they'd like to. Paul said it would be fine. We'll surprise them, I thought. We were the ones who were surprised. Just a few more miles, Paul. Remember this road. We used to hike along it going to the village. This country air is wonderful. Two weeks of green grass and wicker chairs. I can't think of anything better. You'll love Aunt Julie and Uncle Henry. They live alone, quiet and peaceful. They'll be quite a change from the city. They must be happy together. They are, but they're lonely. Smooth lawns and orchards. Flowers. Uncle Henry planted huge rose bushes around the porch. Every night as I crawled in the bed, he used to bring me a rose. They're his favorite flowers. Ah, vacation. Here we come. Come on, Carl. Let's go. Just around the bend. Here we go. There it is. Carol, look. Are you sure this is the place? Yes, but all the weeds and the broken shutters. Looks as though it's been neglected for months. I don't understand. Perhaps it's deserted. Oh, but it can't be. It's their home. Oh, come on. Let's go up and see. The dirt on this porch must be an inch thick. Nobody here. Look, Paul, over there at the end of the porch. The rose bush. Uncle Henry's rose bush. Well, it's trimmed and neat.  Oh, then somebody must be here. Maybe they can tell us what happened to Aunt Julie and Uncle Henry. Knock again. Someone's coming. We're looking for a Mr. and Mrs. Connors. They used to live... Oh, why Aunt Julie? I didn't recognize you. Well, it's me, Aunt Julie. It's Carol. I wasn't expecting you. Paul's vacation. We thought we'd spend it here. Well, you've been asking for us for years. This is Paul, my husband. Carol's told me so much about you. Why did you come? What? I said, why did you come? Aren't you glad to see us? Aunt Julie, something's happened. Nothing's happened. Oh, but it did. Tell me, Aunt Julie will help. Of course we will. You shouldn't have come. Well, Carol, if she doesn't want us, let's go. No, Paul. This isn't like you, Aunt Julie. Something dreadful has happened. I know it. Go, Carol. Please go. Listen, if it's money, Aunt Julie, well, we haven't got too much, but you're welcome to it. I tell you, nothing's wrong. But there must be. This house... Your husband. I'm asking you to take her and go away. Oh. Come on, Carol. We're not wanted. Let's go. We're going to stay. Well, there you are.  We're going to stay. Where's Uncle Henry? I say, where's Uncle Henry? He's not here. But where is he? He's not here. Isn't that enough? Well, he's there. He won't be. Oh, but Aunt Julie... He won't ever be back! What if they'd be wilted? Aunt Julie had run out of the room. Perhaps she was crying. I don't know. I just knew that Uncle Henry was gone. He had left her. It seemed strangely impossible. They'd always been so happy. So supremely happy that it seemed that the only thing that could separate them on this earth was death. And now this. I couldn't believe it. Paul and I walked into the living room. It was almost as dusty as the outside. The curtains were dirty. The floor littered with old newspapers. The entire room showed the same signs of neglect as the outside. And when I recalled how neat Aunt Julie had always been with her housework, I was feeling an apprehension crawled up my back. Frankly, I was fright, frightfully worried. And I could tell by the look on Paul's face that he was worried too. I don't like it, Paul. There's something strange here. Yeah. I never saw a house in such a mess. It's not just the house. It's more than that. Something much more. I'm sure of it. Well, really, Carol, it's none of our business, don't you? Well, perhaps not, but you don't know Aunt Julie like I do. She'd never ask for help. No matter how much she needed it, I'm just not prying, Paul. I suppose you're right. They've always been so kind to me. I've got to help them. But how can we, Carol? We don't even know what's wrong. They were always so happy together. Somehow, I can't believe they've broken up. Something else has happened. Something terrible. And I'm going to stand till I find out what. Well, in that case, we better find a place to sleep. All the bedrooms are upstairs. Come on. Right. Look at the dust on the banister. I bet this place hasn't been cleaned in a month. Paul, did you see the way she looks? Yeah. Her face seems completely wrinkled with worry. I wonder I didn't recognize her. She seems much older and frightened. Well, do you think she's ill? I don't know. I wish I did. Look at that hall. Gloomy and dirty. Where do these doors go to? That one's to Aunt Julie's room. This one's Uncle Henry's. The one across the way is the spare. I guess that's ours. Well, let's go in. What a mess. Well, might as well get busy cleaning. There's nothing like a good round of house cleaning before supper. Paul, so long as Uncle Henry's not here, maybe we can take his room. It's got an adjoining door to Aunt Julie's, and in case she needs it, we'll be near her. Okay. It doesn't matter to me which room we clean. Let's go. Yeah. This one over here. Well, this is... Paul, look. It's all clean and neat. Well, I'll be darned. It's the only clean place in the whole house. I don't understand. Every room is inches and dirt, except this one. The outside is completely neglected. Except the rose bush. Uncle Henry's room and Uncle Henry's rose bush. I don't get it. Well, look on the dresser there. Aunt Julie's picture and a pipe and tobacco. Why, that's Uncle Henry's favorite pipe.  Carol, if your uncle went away, why did he leave this? I don't know. Strange, but... What's that paper, Paul? It looks like... It is an insurance policy for $30,000 payable to your Aunt Julie in case Uncle Henry dies. Carol, this is... What are you two doing here? Aunt Julia. What are you doing here? Well, we thought that we could... What's that in your hand? An insurance. Give it to me. And keep out of this room. Well, we didn't need any cars. I didn't know how to take this. Uncle Henry's pipe and all his clothes were still in his room. And yet, Uncle Henry was gone. I couldn't understand why Aunt Julie got so angry. I looked to Paul for an explanation. I could tell he had something on his mind, but I didn't dare ask him what it was, and he didn't say. After Aunt Julie's outburst, we went back to the spare room and cleaned it. Then we washed and started downstairs for supper. Watch your step, Carol. He's not the strongest looking stairs. He'll be all right. Paul, who do you make of Aunt Julie's behavior? Frankly, Carol, I'm worried. I'm frightened. May as well admit it. There's something stranger that frightens me to death. I don't think there's anything to be frightened of. It's just that... Yeah, that's the last step. This way to the kitchen. All right. Oh, as I was saying, I don't think there's... Look out, Carol! Whoa! That was close. That vase just missed you. Vase? Yes, and it was a heavy one. The one at the top of the stairway. It would have hit me. Yeah. Oh, Paul, I'm frightened. Look, coming down the stairs. What happened? The vase fell. It just missed Carol. Don't worry about it. I didn't block the vase anyway. The vase? What about Carol? She almost got killed. Never mind. Paul, it was an accident. An accident? We were just going in for supper, Aunt Julie. Care to join us? Well, I... Come on, Aunt Julie. It'll do you good. All right. Here. You two sit right down. I'll have something prepared in a minute. I'm not very hungry. Oh, nonsense, Aunt Julie.  You know, when... When Carol and I get through cleaning this place up, it'll look just like new. Yeah? Sure. I think when Carol and I have a family, we'll take them to a farm. Really? Yes, yes. You know, this place would be swell for children. Oh. What do you mean? What did I say? What's the matter? What's the matter with Aunt Julie? Where is she going? I don't know. I was just trying to make conversation. Just talked about children on a farm. That's all. Paul, I'm fightfully worried. You think we ought to call a doctor for her? I don't know. We have to do something. She certainly doesn't look too well. But maybe she isn't really sick. What do you mean? Well, maybe if your Uncle Henry did leave her. Well, then maybe... You mean, you mean she still loves him? That's possible, but... Oh, but you don't really believe it. Oh, Carol, I don't know what to believe. I just know something's wrong. Uh-huh. I'm not hungry, Paul. Me either. Let's go for a walk. Maybe we can figure something out. The country's so peaceful and beautiful in the night. Yes, it is. I wish you could enjoy it. But I can. Don't try to fool me. Your first vacation in years and you run into this. Well, we have to help her. Of course. But how? I guess we don't even know what's wrong. She not only won't tell, but we can't get near her long enough to talk to her. Suppose Uncle Henry really did leave her. He may have gone off in a half. That would account for the clothes being here. Well, perhaps. And suppose she still is in love with him. That would account for... But even if that's so, could that make her feel so badly? Make her act like this? Not talking, neglecting everything? Everything except his room and his flowers. I don't know. No one's love is a strange thing. He left me. I don't know what I'd do. Well, if that is the case, the thing to do is to make her forget. That won't be easy. No, I don't imagine it would be. But suppose we take her to the city with us until she forgets. Well, we could ask her at least. Yeah. Yeah, come on. Let's go find her. Hey, watch out. You almost fell. I'm all right. Look, Paul. Look what I tripped over. That's a mound of freshly dug earth. What's that for? Paul. Paul, it looks like a grave. Oh, don't be silly. All right, it's just a... Forget it. Come on, let's find Anjuli. Paul, that... Forget it. See, what's that building over there? That's the barn. There used to be a swell old cow there with a bell around her neck and chickens and ducks and all sorts of pets. Yeah, this must have been a happy place. But now, Paul, standing by the barn, it's Anjuli. Come on, let's ask her now. Anjuli, what are you two doing, following me? How could you? Well, it was a nuisance. Oh, Anjuli. Oh, a cat with its neck rung. This was the first indication of Anjuli's ruthlessness. It seemed so unlike the Anjuli that I knew. She was always kind.  She killed it, she said, because it was a nuisance. If she could do that, what else was she capable of doing? Paul and I went into the house. We went upstairs and put the finishing touches in our room and went to bed. I couldn't sleep. As I watched the moon make its slow, solitary way across the heaven, I kept thinking, Paul and I are also a nuisance. Paul and I are also a nuisance. Tarned midnight, I became drowsy and was just beginning to fall off to sleep when I heard footsteps in a hall. Paul! Paul, wake up! What is that? The footsteps in a hall. I don't hear anything. There. Must be Anjuli. What would she be doing up this time of night? I don't know, but who else could it be? I'll go see. I'm coming with you. Now quiet. Don't put on the light. See? Now I can. It isn't Anjuli. She's walking down the hall. I think she's coming this way. I think she's... What's she got in her hand? Looks like a sis. What would she be doing with... Carol, she's coming this way. Get back in bed quick. What? Get in bed. All right now, quiet. She just looked in and left. Do you think she knew we were awake? I don't see how. Let's follow her. Where's my other slipper? There. All right, come on. She's going downstairs. Come on and be quiet. I think she's going outside. Let's go. Not so fast. Give her a chance to get out. There she's out.  She's taking them around to the back of the house. Come on. Now get down behind this bush. Look! She's going over to that mound and placing the roses on it. Oh, it looks like... Quiet, Carol. She's kneeling beside it. Now she's getting up. Do you know what that is? I got a pretty good idea. Uncle Henry's roses with Uncle Henry's grave. I said it. I said it without thinking. Of course we had no way of knowing Uncle Henry was dead. We had no way of knowing that that was Uncle Henry's grave and it was a grave at all. But at that moment, stooping behind the bush and the blackness of the country, we felt it. Not knowing why. Paul and I went back to our room as quickly and as silently as possible. Needless to say, we didn't sleep anymore. We just kept looking at each other, asking ourselves questions, trying to analyze our feelings. Soon we could see the streaks of dawn coming up over the treetops and we slept the early morning hours trying to... trying to convince each other that our thoughts were ridiculous. Frankly, I don't think we succeeded. Finally we decided not to mention it. To go on with the cleaning the next day as we'd planned to make believe nothing had happened until we had proof. That day we spent cleaning and all day Aunt Julie was nowhere to be seen. Yet I had a strange feeling that something, someone was watching our every move. Toward evening, Paul and I sat down for a bite to eat. More coffee? Oh, thanks. I wonder where Aunt Julie is. I don't know, Carol. That's a strange aunt you've got. Yes. Oh, look. The window. What is it? I saw someone looking in. What? There's no one there now. But I'm sure I saw... Probably just a shadow. Yes, I'll be just a shadow. You're on edge, Carol. I'll be all right. Finish your coffee. I'll start cleaning the bathroom. We'll both work on the kitchen and I'll take care of the downstairs. All right. Paul, you look worried.  Let's not talk about it. But putting roses on it, it's you I'm really worried about it. If something should happen to you, I'll never forgive myself. Oh, nothing will happen. I'll finish your coffee. I'll start cleaning the bathroom. Okay, Carol. I won't be long. Isn't too bad. There's the sink. Some hot water. There, that's it. I've washed right around the sink bowl. Just the wind. I'm getting jumpy. This place won't be half bad when it's clean. The medicine chest. Clean the mirror. The shelves. Oh. What is it, Carol? What's the matter? Look, here in the medicine chest. What? That's a hypodermic needle. What would a hypodermic needle be doing here? Well, it's not likely to be here for nothing. Look, alongside of it. A bottle of... What's it say? I... I can't read it. It's awful looking stuff. Open the bottle. All right. That corks in tight. Nauseating.  Paul, it's not a joke. I'm sorry, Carol. Do you really think Aunt Julie... I don't know. It can't be, Paul. It can't be. Maybe not, but we better find out. And quickly, Carol, there's one more thing to do. I'm going to see if that's really Uncle Henry's grave. I'm going to dig it up. Paul, Paul, you can't. Don't you see? I have to. If it is, we're in danger. Of course. I'm still not sure that falling vase was an accident. We have to find out about this business once and for all. Well, I'm coming with you. We will come toward the back of the house. And through my mind flashed the succession of events. The neglected house, Aunt Julie's insistence that we leave. The roses, the grave, the insurance policy, and now the hypodermic needle and that infernal oil. All the evidence pointed to but one conclusion. I couldn't believe it. And yet, there it was. Motives and methods. And now we were going outside to dig up the last remaining evidence. Well, this is it, Carol. I'm sure you want to watch. I won't stay in this house alone. Look at the beautiful roses around it. Hurry up, Paul. Let's get it over with. Okay. Here goes. I never thought I'd turn into a grave digger. This dirt isn't packed tight. Easy to dig. It's getting dark. Yeah. Well, I think I'll run in and get a lantern. I'll be right back. All right. Every one of those lengthening shadows look like a ghost. It gets dark quickly in the country. I was afraid but I knew Paul would be back in a minute. I picked up the shovel and began to dig. That's better. That's a nervous. I'm working. Is that you behind me, Paul? Bring the lantern closer. It's so dark. Paul. Paul, I... What are you doing? What are you doing? What are you doing to my grave? Put it back. Put it back. Oh, my flowers, my beautiful flowers. My lovely roses. You've hurt them.  I won't. I won't. Keep away. Keep away, Uncle Henry. Get roses. Take your hands away. You broke them. You killed them.  Get your hands away. Henry! Henry! Oh, forgive me, Henry. I didn't mean... Are you all right, Carol? Yes. What happened? Uncle Henry? Aunt Julie saved my life, Paul. We thought she... Oh, can you ever forgive us, Aunt Julie? You didn't know? You didn't know? No. No, he wasn't. I don't understand. He was living in his room all the time, Carol. I was taking care of him. When you two insisted on staying here, I kept him out of sight. Oh, I didn't want to kill him, but I had to. He would have killed Carol. Aunt Julie. That's when I asked you to. But perhaps it's better this way. He never got that violent before. I could always take care of him. The hypodermic needle in the sedative calmed him when he got a little while. But then... Then when I saw him strangle the cat, I knew he was getting completely out of hand. Yes, it's better this way. He's better off dead. Poor Uncle Henry. The grave and the roses were a whim of his. A whim. A whim.  And so closes the story, Uncle Henry's Rose Bush starring Agnes Moorehead, Ellen Drew and Ted Reed. Tonight's tale of... Suspense.  When we will present another flowery bouquet of suspicion and terror and a homicidal maniac at large. Only this time, the roses will be white. The story will be The White Rose Murders by Cornel Woolrich. The tale of a killer who trademarked his crimes by leaving a white rose on the victim. Our star will be The producer of these broadcasts, William Spear, with Ted Bliss, the director, Bernard Herman and Lucian Mahowick, conductor and composer, and Larry Roman, the author, collaborated on tonight's Suspense. This is CBS, the Columbia Broadcasting System.


Hey what's up you guys long time no see my name is Coach Coco and I love volleyball so today I have a volleyball vlog for you that I did back in June of a pretty intense game. This is probably the most intense game that I've posted on my channel thus far but nowhere near the most intense game I've played in my life. But I really wanted you guys to see what volleyball looks like with rotation with higher level players with a high intense game all of that so that's what we're going to be watching today but long time no see. So I thought to myself most of my volleyball vlogs I narrate with text what if I narrate this with me how fun is that? So as we watch this volleyball game I will give you comments tips and tricks on things that are happening so that way we can better understand the choices that were made and possibly a better choice. So in this video you should be watching things that you particularly want to work on so if you want to work on learning how to hit better or hit harder take the notice of the players that are hitting and swinging like nobody's business. If you want to learn how to receive the ball well take notice of players who are receiving the ball well. It's always important to look at game footage because game footage can give you insight into things of a possible scenario. When I was learning how to play volleyball I watched game footage and this is before volleyball YouTube started to get together so I was watching like college games and high school games but I was really looking at the technique that I should be emulating so that way I can learn to play better and that's another reason why I make this content for y'all because I want you guys to be so good. I want you to be so good. So this game took place with a couple of my friends and I decided to go to Chapel Hill and like what the heck let's go play at Chapel Hill. It's a little bit higher of intensive play than where we're from so I was like okay let's do it. So this is the team where we're on and we played all night but I thought this game was too lit so I was like let me go ahead and record this because this is about to be it. So I'm an outside hitter. I played middle and high school for quite some time. I was actually trained as a middle but was middle my favorite thing not at all y'all not at all. I like playing outside because I like to hit a lot and middle doesn't hit as much they really block more more so block so when I got to college I was like look look look I need to change my career. I'm going to outside. I retired from middle okay I'm too old now. No I'm not I'm really not y'all I'm 24 but I like the outside so so so so so so much. So here I'm playing outside but we are running a 5-1 which means there is one setter and five hitters circulating around that setter and the setter he is in the cargo shorts with the gray top but right now well hope I get it okay so right now we're really trying to work on our defense because I believe our point score was down and we're in a very odd rotation right now so most people are in their natural spot but this one I think this was a point where we had a we were down a serve for quite some time you see we dive another round we were down to serve for quite some time and we were trying to figure out how to rotate I get a lot of questions from a lot of you guys asking how do you know what position to play what is the best position for me and for me I can only speak on my personal experience and when I first started playing volleyball I knew I was going to be a hitter I have a ton of upper body strength I was like arm wrestling champ in middle school bro so I knew that that's something that I wanted to do but my coach gave me the opportunity to try different positions first so I tried my hand at setting wasn't trying my hand and passing then I went to hit and I was like this this is it this is it for me so for me hitting came natural setting I had to learn over time passing I had to learn over time but I did have a natural inclination for hitting so when I play front row I am much much much more comfortable with the game I know I feel liberated almost because I know exactly how to control the ball front row is my thing y'all I am beast at the net I remember my first experience with volleyball was when I went to a Campbell University camp when I was uh what was I in 10th grade I was in 10th grade and I had never played volleyball before I had never hit I never rotated and I was so confused I was so confused but they took the time to really tell me hey you know it's okay we're gonna show you calm down we're gonna show you and I was like okay okay so I got onto the standing box and I sat there and I hit a couple balls I hit a couple balls hit a couple balls and I really felt it I really really felt it and it really connected with me and I think that's the first moment where I really connected with volleyball and thought to myself this could be something that I could do for a long time and it's something that I still do now I I love playing volleyball multiple times a week I feel like if I don't I get a little cranky so even though even now even now in adulthood I love playing volleyball so when you guys some of you guys email me and you um DM me like if I don't make my team will I be able to play yes yes you will I have plenty of people that I know in real life plenty of people that are you are watching in this vlog right now have never played high school have never played middle school played because they love it learned in adulthood learned now some of them I'm showing now so they love volleyball and volleyball is for everyone I don't want you to be discouraged because of middle school or high school or you had a coach that you felt like snuffed you or you had teammates that you felt like snuffed you or you started too late or you want to try now girl boy you can do anything you put your mind to so you want to go out there and you want to play volleyball you want to go and you want to make your team you want to become a great player do it do it because you can do it you really can let's say you're a middle schooler and you want to go and play volleyball but you've never had experience first go look for some local leagues in your area there's recreational leagues for youth see if there's a local coach around see if your parents know anybody who's played volleyball to get some coaching go out there and get it wake up every day and go out there and get it you want to become a really great player when I was learning how to play volleyball I went to every summer workout there was no matter how early it was every summer weight lifting every summer workout I was there tears not any blood but tears I was there I was there because I wanted it and I really really wanted it I'm not going to lie to you to say there was sometimes that I thought I am not going to be able to do this I am going to quit I can't do this this is ridiculous there are times that I thought that really there are times that I thought that but I pushed through and I and I persevered and I feel so grateful for what I did then because it has made me a phenomenal player now and I've learned so much in volleyball from my interest motivation which means that I motivated myself to get something that I wanted and I want to teach you guys how to learn how to find that motivation within yourself to get what you want whether that's volleyball whether that's good grades to go to a good school to become an artist to become an engineer that's what I want to do I want to be able to inspire you to inspire yourself I am a firm believer that everyone needs somebody in their life to push them somebody in their life you say hey it's going to be okay but go out there and get it and if that has to be me hey yo I will do that for you I want to inspire you to be the best volleyball player that you can be to be the best student that you can be to be the best person that you can be so that's what I try to do did I intend for this volley chat to become somewhat emotional no of course not but I really want you guys to believe in yourself I really want you to believe in yourself and I want you to go out there and believe in yourself so even when we're having a hard day in volleyball because I've had a ton of hard days in volleyball a ton I want you to remember what you started it for so what I want you to do is I want you to write down one reason in the comment section of why you started volleyball one reason so when it gets hard you come back and look at it and you see it and you remember what you did it for I'll be checking them thank you for watching this volley chat if you liked it give it a thumbs up and I'll see you guys next time


and we're going to find that on the left hand side. I'm going to close up the boogie and scroll down to the sales. Now there's a couple sales reports here. You got the sales by customer summary, but that has like the cost of good sold stuff in it. What we want over here is the sales by customer, the sales by customer, not the income by customer. That's the easiest report to work with. So I'm going to open it. I'm going to change in the range in from mode 101, 22, tap, 1231, 22, tab, run it to refresh it. There we have it.  I don't really want the sub account info in there. So I'm going to collapse the data and now we've just got a set of numbers and a total at the bottom, perfect pie chart potential. And so notice that the total down here doesn't tie out exactly to what's on the income statement. If I go to the income statement, for example, I've got 10, 200 instead of 10, 280 or whatever it was, you want to be aware of that it might not tie out because QuickBooks doesn't force you to add a customer every time you post something to an income account. However, if you are using the invoices and sales receipts, then it should tie out, right? But if it's a little bit different, then you want to recognize that and possibly adjust it in Excel in order to run your reports to make it tie out possibly and then note that or at least be able to note that. So when people have a question, you can answer their questions related to it. So that's just something to keep in mind. Remember that the accounts receivable on the balance sheet and the accounts payable do tie out almost all the time because QuickBooks forces you to add the proper information customer and vendor every time you hit these two accounts so that the sub ledger breaking out by customer and vendor will tie out. They don't do that for the sales side of things, which has its pros and cons. I think it's a good thing that they don't really, but it means that the sub ledger won't always tie out if unless you enter all the data a certain fashion. Okay, so note it. So now we're going to go to the tab to the right. Let's export it. Select in the drop down. We're going to export to Excel. You do need Excel to export it. Of course, we're going to open it up in Excel. There it is. I'm going to I'm going to enable the editing.


Thank you for the introduction. Hi, I'm Lisa. I'm PhD student at Castro University of Castro Institute of Technology. I'm currently visiting IDC Hetzliya and I'm happy to present our results on tightly secure non-interactive key exchange today. This is joint work with Julia Hesse from Teodamstadt and my advisor Dennis Hofheims. So let's begin at the beginning non-interactive key exchange. What do I mean by that? So we have Alice and Bob who want to establish a secure channel and they can do so by generating a public key, secret key pair publishing the public key and then at any point of time they can derive a shared key with their own secret key and the other users' public key without any further interaction. Of course, we want correctness so Alice and Bob should derive the same shared key and we want security for now. We want that anniversary seeing both public keys still cannot distinguish a key, a shared key from a random key. As the title says, we're not just interested in security in this talk, but in tight security. So what is tight security? Generally in cryptography we prove a scheme secure. By showing that if we find an adversary attacking the scheme, we can construct an adversary attacking some problem which we assume to be hard. And then show that we can bound the advantage of the adversary attacking the scheme can be bounded by some L times the advantage that the adversary has in attacking the problem. And if we're just interested in asymptotic security, we're fine with L to be polynomial because if we assume a problem to be hard, then we assume the advantage that any adversary can have to be negligible, polynomial times negligible is still negligible, so we're fine. But for tight security, we want more. Namely, we want that the loss is small, for example, a small constant. And why do we care about that? So there's two reasons. In theory, it's interesting because it gives a closer relation between the scheme and the underlying problem. So it's interesting to think about constructions, impossibility results, that's also more just called that this work is in. And for practice, it's interesting because it gives smaller keys because we have to account for the security loss in the key size and therefore more efficient instantiations. And in settings that we will also see now where the loss depends on the users and we can have a huge amount of users and this actually this can actually make a difference. Okay, I claim that everyone of you knows Nike and namely the Diffie-Hillman key exchange. So Alice and Bob can exchange, can choose a scaler and just publish a group element to the scaler and the shared key will just be G to the A, B, if A and B are the exponents that Alice and Bob choose. We have security from the Diffie-Hillman assumption which states that given G to the A and G to the B, G to the A, B looks like a random group element G to the C. So there's no loss here. So is that what we mean by a tight Nike? Well, if we would, I would not be standing here. We would have one since 1976. So we consider like a different security model. First of all, we want not just to consider two parties in isolation but we have to scenario where we have many, many parties that want to want to communicate with each other. And any two parties at any point of time, for example, Carol and David, should be able to do so just giving the public keys of the other parties. And even if all the other parties come together and leak all their secret keys, they should still not be able to learn about the shared key that Carol and David derive. This can be captured in the following simplified security model. So the adversary gets N public keys like you saw in the picture before and then at any point, and then he can choose which two parties to attack, I star, J star, Carol and David. And from the experiment, he gets back the secret keys of all the other parties. So that's what we call extractions. He can extract the secret keys of everything except the one he challenges on and either a shared key or a completely random key. And he has to distinguish which one it is and we say his advantage is in how much is he better than guessing in doing so. So how does Diffie-Hillman Key Exchange look like in this setting? So in this setting, how can we prove security? Well, we can just guess, the reduction can just guess I star and J star that the adversary will later query on and will embed the DDH challenge in those two public keys just as you saw before. But because the reduction has to give out the secret keys for all the other public keys, whenever an adversary does not query exactly this I star and J star, the reduction has to abort. So we have a security loss which is quadratic in the number of users. And maybe this is just not a good reduction. I mean, this is the simplest we can think of. Maybe there's a better reduction and we can prove it tighter. But actually, this is not true. So Bader-Jager, Lee and Shage proved in 2016 that for the Diffie-Hillman Key Exchange, this loss is inherent and not only for this but for a broad class of non-interactive key exchange schemes. So what are our results? Well, first, can we do better? And yes, we actually achieve a Nike with where the security loss is only linear in the security parameter. And the question is, well, linear is still far from tight before it said like small constant. If we have many users, linear is still not what we aim for. But we give some intuition that this is hard. Namely, we prove that for a broad class of Nikes, including ours, again, this linear loss is actually inherent. And additional, because the security model that I showed you before is not what we aim for, but we aim for active security in the end. We give a generic transformation for any Nike with passive security to Nike with active security and tight instantiation for our scheme. But I will probably not have much time to talk about that. Okay, so I want to talk about mainly the first two parts of the result. And in order to do so, well, to understand how we can circumvent the low bound of battered L, let's take a look at how the low bound works. So first of all, it applies to all Nikes where public keys have unique secret keys. So for Diffie-Hillman Key Exchange, this is the case just because the discrete lock is unique. It rules out any tight, simple black box reduction. How does it do so? So reduction, here we have a reduction B, transforming an adversary, attacking the scheme into a solver for the underlying problem. The idea or the technique now of this low bound is the so-called meter reduction technique. So the idea is we don't actually have an adversary, but just a reduction, and we want to simulate the adversary employing the reduction itself. And how can we simulate the adversary? Well, it's certainly sufficient to compute Ki star, J star, because then we can compare with KB and give the result. But of course, this is generally hard. How can we use the reduction to do so? Well, we can rewind the reduction because of our extractions. The reduction has to give us, actually give us back secret keys. So when we rewind the reduction, and we are successful for like, say, I star J, then the reduction has to give us the secret key for J star. And when we have the secret key, we can now compute Ki star, J star. Why is that? Because secret keys are unique. And because a shared key is derived deterministically from the secret key and the public key. So unique secret keys, we have unique shared keys. So we can perfectly simulate the adversary. So assume there would be such a run where we, on which the reduction does not abort. Well, then we could, actually the meter reduction could efficiently solve the problem because it just uses the efficient reduction and doesn't need an adversary anymore. But this is a contradiction because we assume the problem to be hard. So we have a security loss of at least lambda, of at least omega of n squared because there can be only one run where the reduction does not abort. In other words, the intuition is that the reduction doesn't know the secret key for at least two indices because otherwise it couldn't make use of the adversary because it's a simple black box reduction. And because it has to give back the secret keys, it has to abort on all other runs. Okay. So basically for continuing, for explaining our construction, all you have to get from that is that uniqueness of the secret keys implies uniqueness of the shared keys. And because we have uniqueness of the shared keys, the lower bound actually works. In our scheme, public keys, so how can we circumvent that? So in our scheme, public keys obviously cannot have unique keys if we want to make use of that, but public keys have many, many secret keys. This alone is not enough because of correctness. All these secret keys have to be in some sense equivalent because the correctness of the scheme requires that no matter which secret key we use, the shared key has to be the same, otherwise we would not have correctness. But what we can now do, well, what reductions often do, we can introduce invalid public keys. So invalid public keys have, of course, to look like public keys computationally, but for invalid public keys, of course, we don't have any correctness requirements. So what we will show in our scheme is that the shared key of an invalid public key together with a valid public key will look completely random, even knowing both public keys. And so how comes the many secret key, how does it play a role here? Well, this is only possible if there's entropy left in the secret key given the public key, so if there's many secret keys that are possible for one public key. This is how we will employ our many, many secret keys. Okay, so now it shows the question how to instantiate it to get the computational indistinguishable and to get the equation here. So for the computational indistinguishable, we employ the subset membership assumption which states that for a language, it's indistinguishable whether we choose from inside the language or from outside the language. And you can see the colors here, green and red, so maybe you recall that on the last slide the valid public keys were green, the invalid public keys were red. So this is exactly what will be valid public keys and invalid public keys. And then we have the second part. We can instantiate using a hash proof system. So how does a hash proof system work? A hash proof system gives us two methods of evaluation, so we have public evaluation and private evaluation. Public evaluation on a word from a language, we take the public key of the hash proof system, but we need additionally to the word, we need a witness that the word is actually in the language. Private evaluation, we just need the secret key of the hash proof system together with the word. And whenever the word is actually in the language, we want that public evaluation and private evaluation yield the same key. So we have correctness and further we want universality. So whenever we're outside the language, then even giving the public key corresponding to the secret key, private evaluation of the secret key on some word outside the language should look completely random. And maybe you can see that this looks very much like what we needed before, and actually this is the case. So our Nike, it's simply Alice chooses a word from a language together with a witness and Bob chooses hash proof system, public key, hash proof system, secret key. And now they can both derive a shared key. Alice can do so by taking, by evaluating the hash proof system using the hash proof system public key of Bob, which he published as his public key. And his own, in her own word and her own witness, but Bob can take, can evaluate privately because he has the hash proof system secret key because he generated himself and he has the word of Alice, which is the public key of Alice. And okay, now we have the multi-user setting, so actually we'd not just have Alice and Bob. So what they will do, well, they will generate both and publish both, and then either you can think of multiplying both evaluations or you choose the hash proof system parameters always off the party with the larger index, so there's several possibilities to make it work for more parties. And what's very, what's crucial here is that first of all, we have that secret keys are not unique because hash proof systems, secret keys are not unique. This is what allows us to get the universality and we can switch X to X outside L. So this is, this is the crucial part what allows us to get a tighter reduction. And now the security proof is, is, is very easy. And the idea is we don't, now don't have to guess both in the indices, right? We just have to guess the smaller of the two indices, right? So we, we just guess one index and then we embed the subset membership challenge, Xi star, which can be either in the language or outside the language into this, the public key of this party. And if we were indeed right, as I said, if this was indeed the larger index, if, if, if we always use the hash proof parameters of the larger language, then the shared key will just be the private evaluation of the hash proof secret key of the J's party together with Xi star. If Xi star was in the language, that's a perfectly, perfect shared key. But if Xi star was outside the language, this looks completely random because HSKJ is unknown. So this is simply the universal, universality of the hash proof system. And the intuition is now this gives us a security, a linear security loss. We don't have to guess two indices, right? We just have to guess one right. So this gives us a linear security loss. And to issue is we shifted one key from the red box to the green box. So we have in the green box, we now have all keys except for one. And in the red, red box, it's not only the reduction doesn't know the secret key. It's possible that there doesn't even exist a secret key anymore because it might be an invalid. It's generally an invalid public key once we switch. Okay. So this is our scheme. And now the question is, is this the best we can do? We can get better than linear security loss. And well, as I said before, the answer is no. But why is that? So let's recap the low bound that we saw before. And the low bound from before. The idea was that we can either obtain SKI star or SKJ star. We are rewinding to compute our unique K I star J star because the secret keys are unique. This shows that the reduction has to abort on all runs without except for this one run I star J star. And this means we have a loss that is at least N squared. The problem, of course, now is our secret keys are not unique. We exactly did something to circumvent the low bound. But now we want to employ the techniques of the low bound. Again, so of course it doesn't work. But what can we do? In order for the meter reduction technique to work, all we require is that K I star J star is actually unique. Well, between valid public keys, K I star J star is unique. This is the correctness of the scheme. So we have that. And furthermore, which is crucial for the low bound, invalid public keys of our scheme don't have secret keys. So how can we employ this in our meter reduction? Well, if we can now extract SKI star and SKJ star, then we know that PKI star and PKJ star are actually valid public keys. And then we know K I star J star is unique. And if we know K I star J star is unique, we can argue exactly as before that we can solve the problem without actually employing an adversary just by using the reduction. So the idea of, and so in our case, like what changed now is before it was we said there can just be this one run I star J star on which the reduction doesn't abort. Well, now it can report on all runs without I star or on all without J star, but not on both because if it would on both, it can. I think now I said it the wrong way around. I'm sorry. We know that reduction has to abort on either all runs without I star or on all runs without J star. If it would be successful for both, then we could we could solve the problem ourselves. So now we have a linear loss instead of a quadratic loss. And okay, I have, I think I can say something how we get from passive to active security just very shortly the active security every user can what can register public keys himself. So he can register whatever he wants as a public key. And this makes proving security harder. But how can we force him to actually register something, something right as a, as a public evil just let him prove it. And we need like kind of a strong kind of strong. So he proves that actually his public he has a secret key using unbounded simulation sound non interactive serial knowledge proof of knowledge. And where we need the first part. So unbounded simulation sound and is it we need that we can simulate during the reduction where we might not know the secret key as you just saw before. And the proof of knowledge allows us to extract the secret key from corrupted users, which is also necessary to to prove security. And we give a generic instantiation, as I said before, from standard components. And for our, for our, for our Nike, we can actually achieve optimized tightly secure instantiation, because for example, we can use the linearity and also actually a one time simulation sound music is sufficient. And this lets me get to recap our results. So instantiating the construction. So it's all modular constructions instantiating it with the hash proof system of Kramer should we have the first Nike passive secure Nike requiring three group elements and having only linear security loss. And using our trans the instantiation of the generic transformation, we get 12 group elements for active security. So as you can see, there's still room for for future improvement to get not just from red to orange, but actually from orange to green. But it seems it seems it seems inherently hard to do so. As our low bound applies to all schemes, which, which, which were also like in our scheme invalid public keys have no secret keys. So you will need inherently new techniques to get there. And yes, I think that's all I want to say. Thank you very much for joining. And I'm happy about questions.


You have one shot if I ask the site director something what question do you want me to ask or Echo bird which one I've got the coin right here The most common question I am seeing from the critical hazard assessment team is regarding the site director and the goo and So it seems like that is what you are asking me to inquire in The critical hazard assessment team has an inquiry for you sure it is regarding scp 035 Indeed Apparently there has been a spread of scp 035s toxin. It's goo if you will across the site Do you have any information on that matter? Any of 035s goo that may be outside of its containment chamber. No, I do not That is concerning. It is incredibly toxic And none of it has appeared outside of the containment cell to your knowledge We did catch the janitor with some ones, but that was weeks ago. I don't think it should be an issue anymore interesting I'd like to thank you for your service but I'm very concerned with the issue. I have to ask one more time if there were some of 035s goo outside of containment. Why would that be the case administrator? And it also Alive only 500 David Two years it takes two years, but the someone who just admitted their 500 clearly six months of no time It is a blink of an eye to someone like that's like five minutes to you listen Look, we we all thought you were dead You just when did you oh? You were so quick to jump the gun. Yeah, I'm him being dead you waited Not even the mandatory time of two years Well, I'm I'm sorry David, but you were in the other one. No one has ever survived Congratulations, but he really thought you were dead My point Elizabeth was heartbroken. All right, and I just I also know what it's like to lose somewhere doing that I just wanted to be there. It's starting out completely in office. I I picked up her dry clean You're done. I took Zappa to the vet very healthy. He doesn't like it It's You have a lot in common, you know Did you know That she likes right upstairs. Yes, we watch them all the time I believe we have to let an emotional moment sit in there Are you all right I was just told that I have some sort of disease Pestilence, maybe I don't know something the doctor in the doctor scp The plague doctor. I would not take the plague doctors word is gospel. He's been wrong many many many times before That's a relief. Thank you, sir. What what what's your name? You can call me Sherman and you are Stan Stand front. Hi head of the ethics committee here at the site. Nice to meet you Stan. Nice to meet you, too Can you give me a Quick summary of the situation we are in currently. I can try It seems to me that the power went out How I don't know I am trying my hardest to make as many forms as I can In order to keep that from happening and of course the power going out means that the scp can come out of containment Because they're no longer Contained in their power grids. Yes, exactly. Honestly at the moment. That's all I'm aware of Now I was just told that I have a pestilence. Um, well, let's let's get by that He zero four nine has accused many innocent people of being pestilence and killed many more due to that Yes, that's that's very true. It's very very true Are there any sort of filings with the ethics committee disciplinary issues on staff we should know about How are the ethics, okay? How is the treatment of the anomalies by say the site administrator to treat them? Well, does he treat them poorly? Does he treat them too? important very hard not to actually Physically contact have any physical contact with the scp's themselves And any forms that I fail out go straight to the O5 council. So really, I mean, yes But I can sometimes go out of the way personnel files on the staff members here I do not if anyone does it would probably be so you couldn't tell me I don't know their name date of birth such as that Maybe Not No, that would be that would be in a different in a different area Are any members of your site staff 500 years old Okay, thank you What intarnation no time like a containment breach, I guess Y'all are very excited, but we saw what happened to the last person who confessed their love here it didn't go well for Chris I Sorry, what do we have going on here? Oh talking to someone who I thought is my fiance if you don't mind Don't you think we should see what My attention instead of doing your job instead of working David, maybe I would have expected this from Your responsibilities you would job a job that judging by the state of the site right now. You clearly fail that To an scp even leaving me for 10 months put all of this in the middle of a containment We're leaving Danny behind you're an FTF agent David start acting like what oh, I can't really hear you from your moral standpoint Bosses Okay back to work everybody my station now Thank you for listening site 42 studios and its staff are funded by viewers like you Please become a patron or visit our merch store at the link in our bio to support our work Secure contain protect